Pulse Circuits Lab

PART - II

PULSE CIRUITS
LAB MANUAL

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Pulse Circuits Lab

List of Experiments
Part-II : PULSE CIRCUITS

1.

Linear Wave shaping Circuits

2.

Non Linear Wave shaping Circuits

3.

Comparison Operation of Comaparator

4.

Switching Characteristics of a Transistor

5.

Design a Bistable Multivibrator and draw its Waveforms

6.

Design a Astable Multivibrator and draw its Waveforms

7.

Design a Monostable Multivibrator and draw its Waveforms

8.

Response of Schmitt Trigger Circuit for a loop gain Less than and greater than one

9.

UJT relaxation Oscillator

10.

The output Voltage Waveform Of Boot strap Sweep Circuit

11.

The output Voltage Waveform Of Miller Sweep Circuit

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Expt.No:01

LINEAR WAVE SHAPING

AIM: To observe the effect of time constant on the output wave form of an RC low pass &
high pass filter.

APPARATUS:
S.NO

NAME OF THE EQUIPMENT

QUANTITY

Decade resistance box

capacitor (0.1uf)

Function generator

C.R.O

Bread Board

CIRUIT DIAGRAM:

A. Low pass RC Circuit

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B. High pass RC Circuit

THEORY:

LOW PASS RC CIRCUIT:

When a square is applied to a low pass filter RC circuit t=0 output voltage at that
instant is 0 as output is taken across capacitor, and a capacitor cant change its voltage
instantaneously. Now capacitor starts raising its voltage exponentially with time constant RC
and hence the output voltage reaches the maximum value. There is a fall in the input voltage
by an amount of V abruptly. Again capacitor cant change. Its voltage instantaneously.
Therefore the output voltage Vo starts falling exponentially with time constant RC and
continues. So on as long as square wave applied at the input.

HIGH PASS CIRCUIT:

When a square wave is applied for a high pass RC circuit at t = 0, since voltage
across the capacitor cant change instantaneously the out put voltage across the resistor raises
to input voltage V. As capacitor voltage increases exponentially out put voltage starts
falling exponentially. When the output voltage reaches the maximum value, there is an abrupt
fall in input voltage by an amount V. This cause a fall in output voltage by V from
previous level. Thus the response curve comes to a negative voltage again the output voltage
starts falling exponentially. When it reaches to a maximum level, then raise in input causes
raise in output and same thing repeats again.

PROCEDURE
1. Connections are made as per circuit diagram

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2. Square wave input signal is applied to the integrator circuit and wave forms are noted with
peak-peak amplitude and frequency is measured in each case RC<<t, RC=t, RC>>t.
3. Respective graphs are drawn for RC>>t, RC=t, RC<<t.
RECORD OF OBSERVATIONS:
THEORETICAL:

For RC<<t
t=1 m sec

Vo =

c=0.1 u f
R=1K

T=

For RC=t
t=1 m sec

Vo =

c=0.1 u f
R=10k

T=

For RC>>t
T=1 m sec

Vo =

C=0.1 u f
R=100K

T=

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Connections should be firm.

2. Readings are noted without parallax error.
3. Before switch on the power supply all the knobs of power supply set at zero position.

RESULT:

The effect of time constant on the output wave form of Rc circuits is observed in all cases
i.e., RC<<t, RC=t, RC>>t.

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Expt.No:02

NON LINEAR WAVE SHAPING

CLIPPERS
AIM: To verify the response of different clipper circuits and draw the transmission
characteristics of each clipping circuit.

APPARATUS:

S.NO.

EQUIPMENT

QUANTITY

1.

Diodes IN4007

2.

Resistors 1K

3.

Function generator

4.

RPS

5.

CRO

SHUNT DIODE POSITIVE CLIPPER:

In put
R1
1.0k

V1

D1

1N4007GP
4V
1kHz
0Deg

Out put
V2
1V

VR+Vr
t

SHUNT DIODE NEGITIVE CLIPPER:

R2
output
1.0k

V3
4V
1kHz
0Deg

D2
1N4007GP

Out put VR-Vr

V4
1V

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SERIES DIODE POSITIVE CLIPPER:

In put

D3
1N4007GP

R3
1.0k

V5

Out put

4V
1kHz
0Deg

V6

VR-Vr

1V

SERIES DIODE NEGATIVE CLIPPER:

D1
output
V1

1N4007GP

R1
1.0k

4V
1kHz
0Deg

Out put
V2

VR+Vr

1.5 V

CLIPPING AT TWO INDIPENDENT LEVELS:

output
R2
1.0k

D2

D3

1N4007GP

1N4007GP

VR+Vr

V5
4V
1kHz
0Deg

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Out put
V3

V4

1.5 V

1V

-(VR+Vr)

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THEORY:
Clipping circuit basically limit the amplitude of the input signal applied to the either
bellow or above a percent voltage level. They may also restrict the output wave forms to lie
with in certain set voltage limits. Hence they are also called limiters or slicers. Their chief
applications are to transmit that part of an arbitrary wave form, which lie above or below
reference level.

PROCEDURE:
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Observe the amplitude of the output wave for series and shunt diode clipping circuits
using C.R.O and note down the wave forms.
3. Draw the corresponding output waveform graph.

For two level diode clipper:

1. VR1 and VR2 are selected such that VR2 VR1.
2. It is observed that the given sine wave is converted into an approximated
rectangular waveform.
3. Corresponding graphs are drawn for the output waveform of two independent
level clippers.
RESULT:

The response of different clipping circuits is observed.

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CLAMPERS
AIM: To verify the response of different clamping circuits.

APPARATUS:
S.NO

NAME OF THE EQUIPMENT

QUANTITY

1.

Diodes (IN4007)

2.

Capacitor (0.01) f

3.

Regulated power supply

4.

C.R.O

5.

Function Generator

6.

Bread Board

In put
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Positive Clamper
C1
V1

0.1uF

4V
1kHz
0Deg

D1

1N4007GP Out put

Negative Clamper
C2
0.1uF

V2
4V
1kHz
0Deg

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D2
1N4007GP

Out put

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THEORY:
Clamping circuit add a d c level to an a c signal, Basically they pull up the maximum
level of the input signal to a present reference level Vr and then allow the output to follow the
input. Thus the output is always maintained below reference voltage level V r.
The basic principle of the circuit is illustrated in above figure.
In the first quarter of the input cycle the capacitor charges up to the maximum
amplitude Vm and the diode is forward bias. Assuming that its forward resistance Rf is zero.
The output remains zero voltage during this first quarter and the capacitor quickly charges to
Vm.
In the second quarter the input signal voltage falls from Vm. The diode is now
reverse biased. Its reverse resistance Rr can be assumed infinite. The capacitor having no
discharge path remains charged at Vm. The plate of the capacitor connected to the output
terminals is negative. Also if the source has a resistance as zero ohms. It suffers no voltage
drop. Hence the output Vo Vm Vm. The entire swing if the output is form 0V to -2Vm
corresponding to Vin = +Vm to Vin = -Vm respectively.
The clamping level goes down to Vr i.e. the + Ve peaks of the input signal get
clamping at Vr volts.

PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. For observing clamping waveform the AC/DC push button switch was to be kept in
D.C. mode.
3. Note the values of the amplitude for each circuit from the C.R.O.
4. The output waveform was to be drawn on the graph for each circuit.

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Connections should be firm.
2. Readings are noted without parallax error.
3. Before switch on the power supply all the knobs of power supply are to be set at zero
position.

RESULT:
The response of different clamping circuits is observed.
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Expt.No:03

COMPARISON OPERATION OF COMAPARATOR

AIM: To study the operation Comparison Operation of Comaparator.

APPARATUS:

SNO

1.
2.

NAME OF THE EQUIPMENT

Bread board trainer

C.R.O

QUANTITY

1
1

3.

Function Generator

6.

Resistors

7.

RPS

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

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PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. For observing clamping waveform the AC/DC push button switch was to be kept in
D.C. mode.
3. Note the values of the amplitude for each circuit from the C.R.O.
The output waveform was to be drawn on the graph for each circuit
PRECAUTIONS:
1. Connections should be firm.
2. Readings are noted without parallax error.
3. Before switch on the power supply all the knobs of power supply are to be set at zero
position.

RESULT:
The response of different Comparison Operation of Comaparator is observed.

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Expt.No:04

TRANSISTOR AS A SWITCH
AIM: To study the operation of transistor as a switch.

APPARATUS:

SNO

1.
2.
3.
4.

NAME OF THE EQUIPMENT

Bread board trainer

QUANTITY

C.R.O

Transistor (SL 100)

LED

5.

Function Generator

6.

Resistors 4.7k

7.

100k

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

V in
VCC
9V

R2
4.7k

t
Q1
R1
100k

V1

BC107BP

Output

V Out
100%
90%

2V
1kHz
0Deg

10%

tr
td

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ts

tf
td

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THEORY:
When transistor makes a transition from its cut off state, to the saturation state or ON
state it takes a finite time to do so. It takes the finite time for the reserve transition from the
ON to OFF state.

DELAY TIME:

This time is taken during turn ON. It is the time duration form the point when the input
pulse at base of the transistor reaches 10 % of its maximum amplitude, to the point when the
collector current charges from 0 to 10% of its maximum amplitude.

RISE TIME:

This time is also taken during turn ON; it is the time interval in which the collector
current pulse changes from 10% to 90% of its maximum valve.

STORAGE TIME:

The time interval during turn off transition of the transistor is between the points
when the input pulse at the base changes to 10%of its maximum amplitude, to the point when
the collector current changes from 100% to 90% of collector current.

FALL TIME:
The time interval at turn off during which the collector current decreases from 90% to
10% of its maximum amplitude is the fall time.

PROCEDURE:

1. All the connections are made as per circuit diagram.

2. Observe the out put wave form that appears on C.R.O. with peak-to-peak amplitude
and frequency and note these values.

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3. The delay time, rise time, storage time, fall time are calculated from their used
definitions using the output waveform on C.R.O.
4. Switching action of transistor was observed by putting a led at output by reducing
the frequency of input waveform.
5. The graph is plotted for the output waveform and the ON times OFF time are
indicated.
OBSERVATIONS:

td =

tr =

ts =

tf =

td =

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Connections should be firm.

2. Readings are noted without parallax error.
3. Before switch on the power supply all the knobs of power supply set at zero
position.
RESULT:
1. The switching action of transistor is observed efficiency.
2. Rise time, fall time, storage time, delay time are calculated.
3. The ON time and OFF time are noted.

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Expt.No:05

BISTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
AIM: To study and verify the output wave form of a Bistable Multivibrator.

APPARATUS:

S.NO

NAME

OF

THE

QUANTITY

EQUIPMENT
1

Transistor ( SL 100 / BC107)

Resistors

2.2K
15 K

100 K

Capacitors 0.047 F

CRO

Bread board

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Vb1
Vbe set

VCC
12V

R5

C2

C1

2.2k

R1
2.2k

0.047uF

0.047uF

R2

R4

15k

15k

Q2

Vb2
Vbe set
t

Q1

BC107BP

R6
100k

BC107BP

Vc1

R3
100k

Vbb -1.5v

Vce set
Vc2

Vce set
t

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THEORY:
The circuit has two stable states, and switches or vibrates between these two states on the
application of external trigger, Hence it is turned as Bistable Multivibrator. These are two
biasing voltages One for the collector circuit and another for the base circuit. The fixed bias
to the collector is provided by VCC and RC. The fixed bias to base is provided by VBB and
R1 and R2.
OPERATION:
Consider that the transistor Q1 is OFF and the transistor is ON, the collector voltage of the
OFF transistor is given by VCC VCE (Sat). In the OFF mode only a small amount of
leakage current flow through the transistor. For ON transistor we have VCC = 0. With the
application of appropriate triggering pulse the stable state of binary can be changed.
PROCEDURE:
1. Take a bread board and connect the components as per circuit diagram.
2. Apply the supply voltage VCC = + 12 V and connect CRO at the base of Q1.
3. Note down the wave forms time period and amplitude of wave form at the base of Q1.
4. Repeat the same procedure to note down the wave forms at base of Q2.
5. Similarly note down the wave forms at VC1 & VC2 of Q1 & Q2 respectively.
6. Note down the VBE (Sat) and (VCE (Sat) voltages.
7. Draw the wave forms on a graph.
PRACAUTIONS:
1. Connections should be firm.
2. Readings are noted without parallax error.
3. Before switch on the power supply all the knobs of power supply set at zero position.
4. Increase the power supply slowly.
5. After note down the readings switch off the power supply.

RESULT:
Responses at the base and collector points of the Bistable Multivibrator are observed.
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Expt.No:06

ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
AIM: To understand the response at base and collector points of the Astable
Multivibrator

APPRATUS:
S.NO

NAME OF THE EQUIPMENT

Transistor (BC 107)

Resistors

QUANTITY

2.2k

15k

Capacitor 0.04 f

Regulated power supply

CRO

Bread board

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
VC1
Vcc

VCC
12V

R4
2.2k

C1

R2

R3

15k

15k

R1
2.2k

C2

Vce sat
VC2

0.047uF

0.047uF

Q2

Q1

BC107BP

BC107BP

Vce sat
t
VB2
Vbe sat
t

VB1
Vbe sat

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THEORY:
An Astable Multivibrator has no stable states. The two transistors switch
alternately between two quasi stable states. No external trigger is required to effect this
change and hence is called as free running Multivibrator. RC1& RC2 are the collector
resistors for transistors Q1&Q2 respectively. C1&C2 are coupling capacitors. Resistor
R1&R2 provide ON state base current to the transistor T1&T2 during saturation region.

OPERATION:
At time t=0, when the power supply voltage gets applied, due to slight
mismatch Ic1 flowing through Q1 is little more then the collector Ic2 of Q2. Thus rate
of fall of Vc1 is more then that of Vc2. so Vc1< Vcc will make the base of Q2 negative.
This make the collector voltage Vc2 increase towards Vcc.
This increase in Vc2 will be transferred through capacitor C2 to the base of Q1 and
increasing the condition in Q1.
Thus when Astable Multivibrator is switched we have the following conditions.

Q1 is in saturation

Q2 is in off region

PROCEDURE:

1. Take a bread board and connect the components as per circuit diagram.
2. Apply the supply voltage vcc =+12v and connect the C.R.O at desired points to
observe the wave forms.
3. Note down the wave forms time period, amplitude from C.R.O by connecting it
at vc1, vc2, & vb2 respectively.
4. Calculate the frequency of wave forms.
5. Check whether theoretical and practical values are correct or not.

THEORETICAL VALUES:

R1 =15K=R2
C1=C2=0.047uf
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TI=0.69 R1C1
T2=0.69R2C2
TOTAL TIME PERIOD =T=1.38 RC
0.97ms=1ms
Frequency =1/T=1/1ms=1kHz
PRACTICAL VALUES :

1. Time period at Q1=T1=

2. Time period at Q2=T2=
3. Total Time period T=T1+T2=
4. Frequency=1/T

RESULT:

The response at base and collector point of Astable Multivibrator is observed.

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Expt.No: 07

MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
AIM: To construct the transistor monostable Multivibrator and observe the response at base
and collector points.

APPARATUS:
S.NO

NAME OF TE EQUIPMENT

QUANTITY

Transistor (SL 100 or BC 107)

Resistors 1K

10K

100K

Capacitors 0.047F

Regulated power supply

CRO

Bread board

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
VCC
12V

R1

R5

1.0k

10k

Vc2

R4
C2

1.0k

0.047uF

C1

R3

Vceset

10k

0.047uF

Q1

Q2

BC107BP

BC107BP

Vb1
Vbe sat

R2

Vr
t

100k

Vbb(-1.5v)
t

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THEORY:
The basic collector coupled monostable circuit is shown in figure.
STABLE STATE:
Normally Q2 is in the ON state. Because it gets a sufficient base current through R3.This
causes Q1 to be in the OFF state as Q2 collector which fed to the base of Q1 is at its low Vcc
saturation value. This is fact that a negative bias applied at the base of Q1 turns it OFF. This
is to the stable state.

ENTRY TO QUASI STABLE STATE:

Now if Q2 is forced to become off due to large external trigger applied at its base, its
collector voltage rises sharply. This gives a positive voltage through the voltage divider
network of R1 and R2 at the base of Q1. This is sufficient to over come. The effect of its
negative bias and exceed the cut in voltage of its BE terminal it turn ON. The circuit has
now extended a quasi stable state.

RETURN TO STABLE STATE:

When Q1 turns ON, the capacitors find a convenient path to change up to VCC through R3
and Q1. If the capacitor is charging till the voltage at the base of Q2 exceeds its cut in voltage
at this point Q2 turn ON again and Q2 turn OFF. The circuit returns to its stable state. During
the quasi stable state the voltage at the collector of Q2 has a high VCC level. Thus a pulse is
obtained. The width of the pulse is given by T = 0.69 R3 C.

PROCEDURE:
8. Take a bread board and connect the components as per circuit diagram.
9. Apply the supply voltage VCC = + 12 V and connect CRO at the base of Q1.
10. Note down the wave forms time period and amplitude of wave form at the base of Q1.
11. Repeat the same procedure to note down the wave forms at base of Q2.
12. Similarly note down the wave forms at VC1 & VC2 of Q1 & Q2 respectively.
13. Calculate the Quasi stable time period.
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14. Draw the wave forms on a graph
RECORD OF OBSERVATION:
THEORITICAL VALUES:
R2 = 10 K
C2 = 0.047 F
tp = 0.69 R2 C2
PRACTICAL VALUES:
=
VBE (sat) =

V =
tp=

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Connections should be firm.
2. Readings are noted without parallax error.
3. Before switch on the power supply all the knobs of power supply set at zero position.
4. Increase the power supply slowly.
5. After note down the readings switch off the power supply
RESULT:
The responses at base and collector point of monostable Multivibrator are observed.

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Expt.No:08

SCHMITT TRIGGER
AIM: To generate a square wave form by using Schmitt trigger circuit.

APPARATUS:

S.NO

NAME OF THE EQUIPMENT

QUANTITY

transistor (SL100)

820

resistors

1.2k

1k

10k

150
3

capacitors 0.047f

function generator

C.R.O

regulated power supply

bread board

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
VCC
4.5V

R1
C1

1.0k

Vin
R6
1.0k

UTP
LTP

0.047uF

R2
1.2k

Q1

Q2

R5
820
BC107BP

R3
10k

V out
BC107BP

Vcc

V1
4V
1kHz
0Deg

R4
150

IeRe
t

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THEORY:
Schmitt trigger is a special type of Bistable Multivibrator. It differs from the basic
binary circuit. In the basic circuit there wont be any resistive coupling between the output of
Q2 and the input of Q1. Although the collector of Q1and the base of Q2 are coupled in usual
manner.
The emitter of Q1 and Q2 are joined, and they are grounded through a common
resistor Rc. The base of Q1is connected to a voltage source Vi.
It should be noted that the output of a Schmitt trigger is a square wave what ever the wave
form of the input signal.

PROCEDURE
1. Connections are made as for the circuit diagram.
2. Apply the supply voltage VCC = 4.5 V & connect the C.R.O at output terminals.
3. Apply the input square wave frequency 1KHZ and amplitude of 4V(P-P).
4. Observe the output wave form on C.R.O & note down the amplitude & time period

of

square wave form.

5. Sketch the waveform on graph sheet.

RECORD OF OBSERVATIONS:
1. The time period of square waveform
2. The amplitude of square waveform

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Connections should be tight.
2. Before switch on the power supply set the all knobs at zero positions.
3. Increase the power supply slowly and smoothly.

RESULT:
Square wave is generated by using Schmitt trigger circuit.

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Pulse Circuits Lab

Expt.No:09

UJT RELAXATION OSCILLATOR

AIM: To construct and study the operation of Uni junction transistor as a relaxation
oscillator.

APPARTUS:

S.NO

NAME OF THE EQUIPMENT

QUANTITY

1.

Bread board trainer

2.

UJT 2N2646

3.

Resistors 330

47

4.

Decade resistance box

5.

Capacitor 0.1f

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

10K _LIN
Key = A

R3

Vb1

R2
330

Vb2

50%

t
output
Vp

2N2646

V out
C1
0.1uF

ATRI

Vv

R1
47

Vb1
t

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Pulse Circuits Lab

THEORY:
The injunction transistor has only the P-N junction. it has a P-type emitter alloyed to
lightly doped N type material.
There are two bases, B1 and B2. Base B1 being closer to the emitter that base B2.
The P-N junction is formed between the P-type emitter and N-type silicon bar.
RB1 is the resistance between base B1 and the emitter, and it is a basically a
variable resistance its value being dependent upon the emitter Ie. RB2 is the resistance
between B2 and the emitter and its value is fixed.
Vp =Vr +V
Vp = Vr + VBB

V = VBB

It is Obvious that if VE < VP that UJT is OFF, If VE > VP the UJT is ON

VV =Valley Voltage,

VP = peak voltage.

It is seen that when the capacitor voltage VS rises to the value VP the UJT readily
conducts. When the UJT becomes ON the capacitor discharges and its voltage falls. When the
voltage falls to the valley point Vv. The UJT becomes OFF and the capacitor charges again to
Vp.
This cycle of charging and discharging of the capacitor C repeats and as a result a saw
tooth waveform of voltage across C is generated.

The output across C shows in figure.

Ts = Sweep time
Tr = Return time
Tv= Valley time

PROCEDURE:

(1) Take bread broad and connect the component as per circuit diagram.
(2) Connect VBB=15 and connect C.R.O across capacitor C.

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(3) Note down the waveform and connect C R O across RB1and RB2 and note down the
wave forms
(4) Calculate the time period and check whether it is equal to the theoretical value or not.
(5) Sketch the wave forms on graph

RECORD OF OBSERVATIONS:

THEORITICAL VALUE:
T = RC (log 1/ 1- )

PRACTICAL VALUE:
T=

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Connections should be tight.

2. Readings are noted without parallel error.
3. Before switch on the power supply all the knobs of power supply should set at zero
position.
RESULT:

Response of the UJT Relaxation Oscillator is observed.

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Pulse Circuits Lab

Expt.No:10

BOOTSTRAP SWEEP CIRCUIT

AIM: To study the working of bootstrap sweep circuit.

APPRATUS:

S.NO

NAME OF THE EQUIPMENT

QUANTITY

Transistor (SL100)

Resisters 1k

1M

Capacitors 100f

1f

Function generator

CRO

Regulated power supply

Bread board

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

+ Vcc 12 v
V input

R1
1.0k

Q1

C1
100uF

4 V (P-P)
1Khz

Vs

BC107BP

V out

R2

C2

1.0M

1uF

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Pulse Circuits Lab

THEORY:
The circuit is transistor base sweep circuit. The output sweep circuit is ramp voltage
generally the sweep circuits are employed to trigger the horizontal amplifier of C R Ts in C
R Os sweep circuit is used in television sweep voltage trigger the horizontal amplifier.

A ramp voltage is obtained by allowing a constant current to flow through it. This is
achieved by using the transistor as switch. When a transistor is ON it makes to flow a
constant current through the output capacitor.

A capacitor and resister at the base of the transistor forms a differentiator circuit that
produces spikes at the base of the transistor. The negative spikes make the transistor is off.
These results in charging the output capacitor to Vcc through Rc1. thus the output voltage
taken across the capacitor raises exponentially. When the positive excursion occurs at the
base, the transistor will be ON. Thus the capacitor discharging through the transistor. Thus
this cycle continues hence giving up a sweep wave form.

The output waveform is 180 out off phase of the input excitation signal since the
transistor is in CE mode

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the components as per circuit diagram.
2. Connect the Vcc = +12 v, and apply square wave of frequency 1 kHz and 4v (p-p)
amplitude at the input terminals.
3. Take the output in CRO across the 1f capacitor.
4. Observe the waveform on CRO
5. Note down the p-p amplitude and time period of the output sweep wave form.
6. Draw the input and output wave forms in graph
RECORD OF OBSERVATION:
Amplitude of sweep waveform:
Time period of sweep waveform:

RESULT: The working of Bootstrap sweep circuit is studied.

ATRI

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Pulse Circuits Lab

Expt.No:11

MILLER SWEEP CIRCUIT

AIM: To study the working of Miller sweep circuit.

APPRATUS:

S.NO

NAME OF THE EQUIPMENT

Transistor (BC107)

Resisters

Capacitors

Function generator

CRO

Regulated power supply

Bread board

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

ATRI

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Pulse Circuits Lab

THEORY:
The circuit is transistor base sweep circuit. The output sweep circuit is ramp voltage
generally the sweep circuits are employed to trigger the horizontal amplifier of C R Ts in C
R Os sweep circuit is used in television sweep voltage trigger the horizontal amplifier.

A ramp voltage is obtained by allowing a constant current to flow through it. This is
achieved by using the transistor as switch. When a transistor is ON it makes to flow a
constant current through the output capacitor.

A capacitor and resister at the base of the transistor forms a differentiator circuit that
produces spikes at the base of the transistor. The negative spikes make the transistor is off.
These results in charging the output capacitor to Vcc through Rc1. thus the output voltage
taken across the capacitor raises exponentially. When the positive excursion occurs at the
base, the transistor will be ON. Thus the capacitor discharging through the transistor. Thus
this cycle continues hence giving up a sweep wave form.

PROCEDURE:

ATRI

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Pulse Circuits Lab

1. Test all the components and set up the circuit.

2. Switch ON the VCC supply. Verify Q1 is in ON state and Q2 is in OFF state by
measuring the collector voltages.
RECORD OF OBSERVATION:
Amplitude of sweep waveform:
Time period of sweep waveform:

RESULT: The working of Miller sweep circuit is studied.

ATRI

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