Final CDP Report

Contents
Foreword
Preface
Contents
i-ix
List of Tables
x-xiv
List of Figures
xv-xviii
List of Maps
xix-xxi
List of Abbreviations
xxii-xxvi
Executive Summary
xxvii-liii
Chapter 1:
Introduction
1.1
Introduction
1.2
Broad Objective of the Comprehensive Development Plan
1.3
The Vision
1.4
Planning Area at a Glance (2001 Census)
1.5
Planning Issues of CDPA
1.6
The Purpose of CDP
1.7
The Planning Process
1.8
Structure of the Report
Chapter 2:
Cuttack Development Plan Area- An Overview
2.1
Introduction
2.2
Administrative Jurisdiction
2.3
Geographical Setting
2.4
Topography
2.5
Climate
2.5.1
Temperature
2.5.2
Rainfall
2.5.3
Wind
2.6
Soil
2.7
Water Resources
2.8
Flora and Fauna
2.9
Socio-Economic Characteristics
2.10
Nature of Development and Land form
2.11
Chronological growth of settlement
2.12
Economy
2.13
Traffic and Transportation
2.14
Housing
2.15
Physical Infrastructure
2.16
Social Infrastructure
2.17
Culture, Recreation and Tourism
2.18
Heritage and Conservation
1-6
7-16
Final Proposal: Comprehensive Development Plan for Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA)
Contents
Chapter 3:
Land Use & Land Ownership
3.1
Introduction
3.2
Existing Land use Distribution
3.2.1
Land use/ Land cover of BCUC
3.2.2
Land use/ Land cover of CMC
3.2.3
Land use/ Land cover of Choudwar Municipality
3.2.4
Land use/ Land cover of CDPA Rural
3.2.5
Land use/ Land cover of CDPA
3.3
Zone wise Land use Pattern
3.4
Zone wise Ownership Pattern
3.4.1
Source and Classification of Ownership
3.4.2
Description of Zone wise Ownership
3.4.3
Zone-wise Developable Government Land
Chapter 4:
Conceptual Plan
4.1
Introduction
4.2
Structure of the CDP
4.3
Concept of the CDPA
4.4
Salient features of the CDP
4.4.1
Physical linkages
4.4.2
Development proposals
4.4.3
4.5
Conclusion
Chapter 5:
Demographic & Economic Perspective
5.1
The Population Perspective
5.2
Population Projections
5.3
Economic Perspective
5.3.1
Existing Sectoral Profile of Local Economy
17-30
31-36
37-48
5.3.1.1 Primary sector activities

5.3.1.2 Secondary sector activities
5.3.1.3 Tertiary Sector Activities
5.3.2
Future Profile of Local Economy
5.3.2.1 Primary Sector Activities

5.3.2.2 Secondary Sector Activities
5.3.2.3 Tertiary Sector Activities
5.4
Conclusion
Chapter 6:
ii
Traffic & Transportation
6.1
Introduction
6.2
Overview of Travel Characteristics
49-86
Department of Architecture and Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Contents
6.2.1
Vehicle Ownership Pattern
6.2.2
Travel Characteristics
6.3
Road Transportation
6.3.1
Regional Level and Local Level Linkages
6.3.2
Connectivity
6.3.3
Network Performance
6.3.3.1 Intersection Analysis

6.4
Rail Connectivity
6.5
Transit and Terminal Facilities
6.6.
Parking Characteristics
6.7
Road Accident and Safety
6.8
Recommended Actions
6.8.1
Improvement of Transit Facilities
6.8.2
Augmentation of Road Network Capacity
6.8.3
Creation of Parking Facilities
6.8.4
Improvement of Passenger Terminal Facilities
6.8.5
Improvement of Freight Terminal Facilities
6.9
Cost Estimates
Chapter 7:
Housing
87-116
7.1
Introduction
7.2
CDPA: Area and Population
7.3
Ground Checking of Existing Housing Conditions
7.3.1
Bidanasi Triangle
7.3.2
Mahanadi Vihar
7.3.3
Choudwar
7.3.4
Sahis in Old Cuttack
7.4
Existing Scenario and Trends
7.4.1
Household Distribution
7.4.2
Distribution of Household by type of Dwelling Unit
7.4.3
Floor Area per Household/Person
7.4.4
Ownership Pattern
7.4.5
Nature of Dwelling Units
7.4.6
Major Housing Providers
7.4.7
Housing Trends in CDPA
7.5
New Townships in the Pipeline
7.5.1
Future Housing Project of CDA (next ten years)
7.5.2
Future Housing Project of Orissa State Housing Board (OSHB)
7.6
Future Housing Requirement in CDPA
7.7
Distribution of Income Groups
7.8
Land Requirement
7.9
Cost of Development
iii
Contents
7.10
Housing Strategy
7.10.1 Re-densification of the planning units for compact growth

7.10.2 Future New/Augmentation of Housing Schemes
7.11
Slums
7.11.1 Existing slums in CMC

7.11.1.1 Slums along the Taldanda Canal
7.11.2 Slums in other Municipalities
7.11.3 Slum Upgrading/ Development Approaches
7.11.3.1 Settlement Reconstruction
7.11.3.2 Settlement Relocation
7.11.3.3 Slum Networking
7.11.3.4 VAMBAY
7.11.4 Ongoing Slum Improvement Projects
7.11.5 Vision for Development of Slums
7.11.6 Slum Development Policy for CDPA Region
7.12
Housing Policies and Programmes
7.12.1 Housing/Rental policy

7.12.2 FDI in Townships
7.12.3 Concept of SRZ and SRC
7.12.4 Concept of Personal Floors
7.12.5 Low-Income Housing Tax Credit
7.12.6 Housing Choice Voucher
7.13
Norms and Bye-laws
Chapter 8:
117-172
8.1
Water Supply
8.1.1
Water Supply Scenario of Cuttack Development Plan Area
8.1.1.1 Water supply scenario of CMC

8.1.1.2 Water supply scenario in Choudwar Municipalities, Charbatia and
Rural areas of CDPA
8.1.2
Proposals
8.1.2.1 Drinking water scenario in CDPA in 2030

8.1.2.2 Water availability in 2031
8.1.2.3 Proposals for Implementation
8.2
Sewerage System
8.2.1
Existing System of Sewerage
8.2.1.1 Waste water generation

8.2.1.2 New Sewerage Schemes
8.2.1.3 Sanitation Scenario in Rural CDPA, Choudwar Municipalities and
Charbatia areas
8.2.2
Wastewater Management in 2030
8.2.2.1 Expected Sewage Generation in CDPA
iv
Contents
8.2.3
Proposals for Implementation
8.2.3.1 The Background

8.2.3.2 Recommendations
8.2.3.3 Treatment Options
8.2.3.4 The Sewage Treatment System proposed
8.2.3.5 Cost Estimates
8.3
Drainage
8.3.1
Topography
8.3.2
The open drain system
8.3.2.1 CMC Main Drain No. I

8.3.2.2 CMC Main Drain No. II
8.3.3
The problems of flooding
8.3.4
Critical Issues of Concern
8.3.5
Proposals
8.3.5.1 Drainage Network Proposed

8.4
Solid Waste Management
8.4.1
Solid Waste Management Scenario of CMC
8.4.1.1 Solid Waste Generation Rate

8.4.1.2 Existing System of Collection and Storage of Solid Waste in
Cuttack
8.4.1.3 Disposal of Solid Waste
8.4.1.4 The existing scenario of solid waste management in CDPA
8.4.2
Proposals
8.4.2.1 Solid Waste Management System (SWM) - the need of the future
8.4.2.2 Assessment of Solid Waste generation
8.4.2.3 Action Plan for a Sustainable SWM Programme
8.4.2.4 Processing and Disposal of Solid Waste
8.4.2.5 Proposals for solid waste treatment
Chapter 9:
9.1
Introduction
9.2
Education
9.2.1
Existing Educational Facilities in CDPA
9.2.2
Suggested Policies and Strategies for Education
9.2.3
Assessment of Future Requirements for Education
9.3
Health Care
9.3.1
Existing Health care Facilities in CDPA
9.3.2
Assessment of Future requirements and proposals
9.3.3
Suggested Policies and strategies for health facilities
9.4
Other Social Infrastructural facilities
9.4.1
Existing Scenario of other Social Infrastructural facilities
173-190
Contents
9.4.2
Assessment of Future requirements and proposal
9.5
Power
9.5.1
Existing Scenario in CDPA
9.5.2
Estimation of Electricity Demand
9.5.3
Bottlenecks
9.5.4
Vision for Development of Electricity generation and distribution
9.5.5
Power Generation Technologies from Renewable Sources
9.5.6
Renewable Energy at Local Government Level
9.6
Investment Proposal
Chapter 10: Culture, Recreation and Tourism

10.1
191-208
Policies on Cultural Development in CDPA
10.1.1 Manpower or skill development for the rural population

10.2
Policies on Development of Recreation
10.3
Policies on Tourism Development
10.3.1 Integrated Approach and Strategy for Development of Tourism

10.3.2 Eco Tourism Development
10.3.3 Vernacular Art and Cultural Heritage
10.3.4 Tourist Accommodation
10.3.5 Tourist Travel Circuits
10.3.6 Database on Tourist Characteristics
10.3.7 Thoughts on Tourism Management
10.4
Tourism and Recreational Development Proposals for the

various Planning Zones
10.4.1 Charbatia: Planning Zone 2

10.4.2 Chhatissa: Planning Zone 3
10.4.3 Choudwar: Planning Zone 4
10.4.4 Nimapur: Planning Zone 5
10.4.5 Bidanasi: Planning Zone 6
10.4.6 Old Cuttack: Planning Zone 7
10.4.7 Sikharpur: Planning Zone 8
10.4.8 Mundali: Planning Zone 9
10.4.9 Barang: Planning Zone 10
10.4.10 Gopalpur: Planning Zone 11
10.5
Cost of Development
10.6
Conclusion
Chapter 11: Heritage and Conservation

11.1
Introduction
11.2
Historical Timeline of Cultural Landscape
11.3
Significant Heritage Areas
209-228
11.3.1 Special Developed Area
vi
Contents
11.3.2 Other Areas
11.3.3 Natural Heritage: River Front
11.4
Existing State of Natural, Built and Cultural Heritage in Different

Zones within CDPA
11.4.1 Zone 2: Choudwar/Charbatia

11.4.2 Zone 7: Barabati Fort
11.4.3 Zone 7: Cantonment
11.4.4 Zone 7: Judiciary Complex in Old Cuttack
11.4.5 River Front
11.5
Issues
11.6
Goals and policies
11.7
Inventory of Heritage Resources
11.8
Proposal for Heritage and Conservation
11.8.1 Special Heritage Zones

11.8.2 Zone wise Detail Recommendations
11.8.2.1 Zone 2 & 4: Charbatia and Choudwar Fort
11.8.2.2 Zone 7: Barabati Fort
11.8.2.3 Zone 7: Cantonment Old Cuttack
11.8.2.4 Zone 7: Judiciary Complex in Old Cuttack
11.8.2.5 Promotion of Filigree Works
11.8.2.6 River Front Development along Mahanadi and Kathajodi
11.9
Heritage and Tourism an integrated approach
11.9.1 Heritage Trails

11.9.2 Integrated movement network of heritage, tourism and recreation
11.10
Heritage Management & Organisational Structure
11.11
Conclusion
Chapter 12: Environment and Disaster

12.1
229-244
Environmental Profile of Cuttack
12.1.1 Air Environment

12.1.1.1The pollution level
12.1.1.2The noise environment
12.1.1.3Proposals
12.1.2 Water Environment
12.1.2.1 Sources of Water
12.1.2.2 Proposals
12.2
Need for Disaster Mitigation
12.2.1 Vulnerability Issues in BDPA

12.2.1.1 Earthquake and Fire
12.2.1.2 Flood and cyclone
12.2.1.3 Environment and Public health
12.2.1.4 Traffic Congestion
vii
Contents
12.2.2 Summary of Findings
12.2.2.1 Cyclone and Flood
12.2.3 State Initiative and Objectives
12.2.4 Factors Enhancing Vulnerability
12.2.5 Proposals for Disaster Mitigation
12.2.5.1 Earthquake
12.2.5.2 Cyclone
12.2.5.3 Flood
Chapter 13: Development Management and Finance
13.1
Introduction
13.2
Committed Projects and Schemes
245-262
13.2.1 UIDSSMT Scheme for Cuttack City

13.2.2 Identified development translating Perspective Plan VISION 2030
by CDA
13.2.3 Achievements of CDA for the year 2007-08
13.3
Strategy for Plan Implementation
13.3.1 Projectisation and Packaging the Projects

13.4
Organisational and Institutional Profile
13.4.1 Inter-Agency Coordination

13.4.2 Creation of a Single Coordinated Body (BCUC Metro Authority)
13.4.3 Establishment of a Special Purpose Company (SPC) to
Implement the Plan
13.4.4 Involvement of Private Sectors
13.5
Urban Governance
13.5.1 Good Goverance

13.6
Legislation
13.6.1 Orissa Municipal Corporation Act 2003

13.6.2 Orissa Development Authority Act 1982
13.7
Land Use Policy
13.7.1 Development Zones and Use Criteria

13.8
Development Promotion Regulation
13.9
Financing Urban Development
13.9.1 Innovative Options for Resource Mobilisation

13.9.2 Revenue Financing Options
13.9.3 Non-Tax Revenue Generation through Commercial Development
of Properties
13.9.4
Non Tax Revenue Generation through Innovative Land Planning

and Development Control Regulation
viii
Contents
Chapter 14:
Future Land Use & Zoning Regulations
14.1
Introduction
14.2
Land Use Strategy
14.3
The Proposed Plan
263-294
14.3.1 Hubs of Specialised Activities

14.3.2 The Spatial Structure
14.4
Future Land use Proposals
14.4.1 Summary of Proposed Land Use Distribution

14.5
Zoning Regulations
14.5.1 Simplified Urban Land Use Zoning Regulations

14.5.2 Statutory Process for Zoning Regulations
14.6
Other Development Control Guidelines
14.7
Zone wise Village Components
Chapter 15:
Investment Plan
15.1
Introduction
15.2
Sector-wise Investment Proposal
15.3
Total Investment Proposal
295-300
References
301-302
Appendix-I
303-364
Appendix-II
365
Appendix-III
366-376
ix
Contents
List of Tables
Table 1.1
Planning Area at a Glance
Table 2.1
Tahsils and Police Stations in CDPA
Table 2.2
Municipalities and Wards in CDPA
Table 3.1
Percentage share of Land use in BCUC
Table 3.2
Percentage share of Land use in CMC3.2: Percentage s
Table 3.3
Percentage share of Land use in Choudwar Municipality
Table 3.4
Percentage share of Land use in CDPA Rural
Table 3.5
Percentage share of Land use in CDPA
Table 3.6
Zone wise Percentage Area of Land use
Table 3.7
Zone wise Ownership Interpretation
Table 3.8
Zone wise Developable Government & Govt. Reserved Land
Table 5.1
Projected Population of Administrative Areas in CDPA
Table 5.2
Expected Population of Planning Zones in CDPA
Table 5.3
Expected Growth rates in CDPA
Table 5.4
Allocation of land area to various estates
Table 5.5
Number of SSI Units Setup with Investment and Employment

in Cuttack
Table 6.1
Vehicle registration records for Cuttack
Table 6.2
Vehicle ownership level (per capita and household level)
Table 6.3
Mode choice for travel in Cuttack
Table 6.4
Work trip characteristics for Cuttack
Table 6.5
Education trip characteristics for Cuttack
Table 6.6
Shopping trip characteristics for Cuttack
Table 6.7
Medical trip characteristics for Cuttack
Table 6.8
Distribution of roads according to type
Table 6.9
Percentage distribution of villages/wards by availability of

approach road
Table 6.10 Summary of intersection traffic volume analysis

Table 6.11 Percentage distribution of Villages/Wards by availability of
local transport
Table 6.12 Passenger interaction at selected railway stations
Table 6.13 Passenger interaction at selected bus stoppages
Table 6.14 Parking accumulation of bicycle, two-wheelers and car/jeep
Table 6.15 Parking accumulation of para-transit vehicles
Table 6.16 Road accident records in Cuttack
Table 6.17 Proposed road width, length and percentage share
Table 6.18 Recommended actions for intersection traffic management
Table 6.19 Selected off-street parking locations
Contents
Table 6.20 Expected off-street parking demand at selected locations
Table 6.21 Cycle-rickshaw
parking
demand
at
selected
terminal
demand
at
selected
terminal
locations
Table 6.22 Auto-rickshaw
parking
locations
Table 6.23 Tentative cost estimate for proposed actions
Table 7.1
Projected Population of Administrative Areas in CDPA
Table 7.2
Table 7.3
Distribution of Households by Family type in CDPA
Table 7.4
Distribution of Households by type of dwelling unit in CDPA
Table 7.5
Distribution of Households by total area covered of dwelling

units
Table 7.6
Households by type of possession of dwelling units
Table 7.7
Households by nature of dwelling units
Table 7.8
Institutional Housing
Table 7.9
Future Housing Project of CDA
Table 7.10 Future Housing Project of OSHB

Table 7.11 Future Dwelling Unit Requirement in CDPA
Table 7.12 Distribution of Households by monthly income in CDPA
Table 7.13 Area Requirement for new housing in CDPA
Table 7.14 Housing cost of Development
Table 7.15 Re-densification of Planning units
Table 7.16 Slums in Cuttack Municipal Corporation
Table 8.1
Details of existing water supply
Table 8.2
Characteristics of Groundwater in Cuttack
Table 8.3
The
distance
of
water
sources
(%)
from
individual
households- a comparative evaluation

Table 8.4
Recommended per capita water supply levels for designing

schemes
Table 8.5
Water Requirements for Different Industries
Table 8.6
Water demand in various zones of Cuttack Development

Plan Area
Table 8.7
Water demand in CMC, CDPA (rural), and Choudwar

Municipality (M) for 2008 and 2030 of Cuttack Development
Plan Area
Table 8.8
Tentative estimate for the components of water supply

system for CMC
Table 8.9
Tentative cost estimate (in crores) of proposed water supply

distribution systems in 2030 for various zones of CDPA
xi
Contents
Table 8.10 The type of sanitation facilities (in average percentages)
available among the Municipal and rural areas - a
comparative evaluation
Table 8.11 The average percentage distance between toilets and wells
in the Municipal and rural area of CDPA-a comparative
evaluation
Table 8.12 Sewage generation in various zones of CDPA in 2008 and
2030
Table 8.13 Capacity of Sewage treatment plants for various zones of
CDPA
Table 8.14 The expected cost estimate of the proposed Sewage
Treatment Plants at Bidanasi, Old Cuttack and Sikharpur
zones.
Table 8.15 The expected cost estimate of the proposed underground
sewerage system of Bidanasi, Old Cuttack and Sikharpur
areas for 2030.
Table 8.16 The expected cost estimate of the proposed sewerage
system at Nirgundi
system at Charbatia
system at Chhatisa and Choudwar
system at Nimapur
system at Mundali.
system at Barang.
system at Gopalpur
Table 8.23 Tentative cost estimate (in crores) of proposed sewerage
systems in 2030 for CDPA
Table 8.24 Low Lying areas in Cuttack City
Table 8.25 Other low lying areas in Cuttack City
Table 8.26 List of CMC Main Drain I and II
Table 8.27 Abstract of network Cuttack Main Drain I and II
Table 8.28 Drainage Area of CMC Main Drain No I
Table 8.29 Drainage Area of CMC Main Drain No II
Table 8.30 Abstract of proposed drainage network for CDPA
Table 8.31 The expected cost estimate of the drainage system in
Bidanasi, Old Cuttack and Sikharpur zones for 2030.
Table 8.32 Expected cost estimate of the proposed drainage system in
CDPA.
Table 8.33 Waste generation from various sources
xii
Contents
Table 8.34 Expected Solid Waste Generation in various zones in 2008
and 2030 for CDPA
Table 8.35 Expected Solid Waste Generation in CMC, Choudwar
Municipality and CDPA Rural
Table 8.36 Proposed steps to be taken by the Municipalities for storage
of solid wastes
Table 8.37 Waste composition analysis of Cuttack
Table 8.38 Categories of Bio-Medical wastes
Table 8.39 Treatment and Disposal options of Bio-Medical Wastes
Table 8.40 Details of the proposed disposal sites and area requirement
for solid waste disposal in CDPA
Table 8.41 The tentative costs of the proposed solid waste management
and treatment system for Cuttack (Bidanasi, Old Cuttack and
Sikharpur)
Table 8.42 Tentative cost estimate (in crores) of proposed SWM and
treatment systems in 2030 for CDPA
Table 9.1
Recommended UDPFI Guidelines for Educational facilities
Table 9.2
Zone wise existing and future (2030) no. of facilities and their
area requirement
Table 9.3
Recommended UDPFI Guidelines for Healthcare Facilities
Table 9.4
No. of existing Healthcare Facilities (2006) and additional

requirement of facilities and recommended areas for 2030
Table 9.5
Recommended UDPFI Guidelines for Telecommunications,

Postal Services and Fire Service
Table 9.6A Future requirement of Telecommunications, Postal Services

and Fire Service in CDPA
Table9.6B Future requirement of Commercial/ Cooperative Banks,
Recreational Hall and Parks and Playgrounds in CDPA
Table 9.6C Future requirement of Community Hall & Library and Music,
Dance & Drama Centre in CDPA
Table 9.7
Percentage of Households having Electricity
Table 9.8
Total Consumers in BCUC
Table 9.9
Zone wise Electricity Demand
Table 9.10 Present
number
of
sub-stations
(2008)
and
future
requirement (2030) for CDPA

Table 9.11 Tentative capital investment requirements for development of
power infrastructure by 2030 in CDPA
Table 9.12 Tentative Cost Estimate (In Crores) of Proposed Social
Infrastructural Facilities for CDPA
Table 10.1 Tourism Proposal of CDPA
Table 10.2 Land Requirement and Cost of Development
Final Proposal: Comprehensive Development Plan for Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA) xiii
Contents
Table 11.1 Significant Heritage Areas
Table 11.2 Proposed activities and land use classification of various
Heritage Zones in CDPA
Table 11.3 Cost of Preservation and Promotion of Heritage
Table 12.1 The reported Average Noise levels in different areas of
Cuttack and the permissible limits
Table 12.2 Characteristics of surface water from different parts of
Cuttack as on May 2005
Table 12.3 Characteristics of ground water in tube wells and dug wells
from different parts of Cuttack as on 2004
Table 12.4 Factors Enhancing Vulnerability
Table 13.1 Projects recommended under UIDSSMT Scheme for Cuttack
City
Table 13.2 Projects approved by Govt. of India under UIDSSMT
Scheme for CMC (for the year 2006-07) (costs in lakhs)
Table 13.3 Projects identified to be developed in CDPA Area within 2030
Table 13.4 Projects achieved by CDA within the year 2007-08
Table 13.5 List of Uses, Activities, Use Premises Areas in CDPA
Table 14.1 Hubs of Specialised Activities
Table 14.2 Classification of various Use Areas
Table 14.3 Percentage Area of Proposed Zone-wise Land Use
Table 14.4 Comparison of Existing and Proposed Land uses for Major
Categories of CDPA
Table 14.5 Land
Uses
Permitted,
Permitted
Under
Special
Consideration & Prohibited In Different Land Uses

Table 15.1 Tentative Investment Plan of Traffic and Transportation
Table 15.2 Cost of Housing Development
Table 15.3 Tentative cost estimate (in crores) of proposed water supply
distribution systems in 2030 for various zones of CDPA
Table 15.4 Tentative cost estimate (in crores) of proposed sewerage
systems in 2030 for CDPA
Table 15.5 Expected cost estimate of the proposed drainage system in
CDPA.
Table 15.6 Tentative cost estimate (in crores) of proposed SWM and
treatment systems in 2030 for CDPA
Table 15.7 Tentative Cost Estimate (In Crores) of Proposed Social
Infrastructural Facilities for CDPA
Table 15.8 Land Requirement and Cost of Development for Tourism
Table 15.9 Cost of Preservation and Promotion of Heritage
Table 15.10 Sectoral Investment Plan for CDPA
xiv
Contents
List of Figures
Fig 2.1
Topographic Profiles of Orissa
Fig 3.1
Land use of BCUC
Fig 3.2
Land use of CMC
Fig 3.3
Land use of Choudwar Municipality
Fig 3.4
Land use in CDPA Rural
Fig 3.5
Land use in CDPA
Fig 3.6
Zone wise Percentage Area of Land Use with PIE charts
Fig 3.7
Break up of Land Ownership of CDPA
Fig 3.8
Zone wise Ownership Interpretation by PIE charts
Fig 5.1
Fig 5.2
Expected Population of CDPA
Fig 6.1
Growth of two-wheeler and car in Cuttack
Fig 7.1
LIC Housing at Bidanasi Sector Cuttack, Cuttack
Fig 7.2
Ground Floor of residences converted to commercial use
Fig 7.3
Group Housing
Fig 7.4
Incidental open spaces between plots
Fig 7.5
Open drains alongside the roads
Fig 7.6
Housing varying from G+1 to G+3
Fig 7.7
CDA Market
Fig 7.8
Occupied Staff Quarters
Fig 7.9
Vast expanses of open land
Fig 7.10 Commercial activities in O.T.M Area

Fig 7.11 Re-modelled houses within the Sahi
Fig 7.12 Extended plinth- A typicality of the houses
Fig 7.13 Drain passing through the Sahi of Old Cuttack
Fig 7.14 Canal-the only source of water
Fig 7.15 Poor condition of the slums
Fig 8.1
Percentage dependence on different water supply sources in

Old Cuttack
Fig 8.2
Percentage dependence on different water supply sources in

rural areas of CDPA
Fig 8.3
Percentage dependence of people on various types of water

sources in Choudwar-Charbatia area
Fig 8.4
Water requirement in various administrative areas of Cuttack

Development Plan Area in 2008 and 2030
xv
Contents
Fig 8.5
Water requirement in various zones of planning area in 2008

and 2030
Fig 8.6
Expected dependence on different water supply sources in

2030 in Cuttack
Fig 8.7
Proposed water treatment plant for CMC with sub-surface or

ground water as the source of supply
Fig 8.8
A view of the sewage treatment plant of 33 MLD capacity

located at Matgajapur.
Fig 8.9
Wastewater generation in various zones of planning area in

2008 and 2030
Fig 8.10 Wastewater generation in various administrative areas of

Cuttack Development Plan Area in 2008 and 2030
Fig 8.11 The proposed ASP treatment system for Cuttack Municipal
Corporation
Fig 8.12 A view of the major Drain No. I of Cuttack city from Bajrakabati
square.
Fig 8.13 Disposal of Main Drain into Kathajori River, a view at
Khannagar
Fig 8.14 Drainage Network of CMC Main Drain No. I
Fig 8.15 Drainage Network of CMC Main Drain No. II and III
Fig 8.16 Drainage Network of CMC Main Drain No. IV, V and VI
Fig 8.17 Drainage Network of Barang Main Drain No. I
Fig 8.18 Drainage Network of Choudwar Main Drain No. I
Fig 8.19 Drainage Network of Choudwar Main Drain No. II
Fig 8.20 The open dumping of Solid Waste near Kathajodi River in
Cuttack
Fig 8.21 A common scene of people dumping their solid waste in
backyard of their houses
Fig 8.22 Solid Waste generation in various zones of planning area in
2008 and 2030
Fig 8.23 Solid Waste generation in various administrative areas of
Cuttack Development Plan Area in 2008 and 2030
Fig 8.24 The percentage composition of MSW in the CMC
Fig 10.1 Balijatra Fair at Cuttack
Fig 10.2 Traditional utensil shop at Balijatra
Fig 10.3 Indoor Stadium at Cuttack
Fig 10.4 Barabati Fort at Cuttack
Fig 10.5 Entrance gate of Barabati Fort
Fig 10.6 Uttareswar Temple at Choudwar
Fig 10.7 Budhalinga Temple, Choudwar
Fig 10.8 The famous Goddess Chandi at Cuttack
Fig 10.9 Quadam-i-Rasool at Cuttack
xvi
Contents
Fig 10.10 The traditional filigree work of Cuttack
Fig 11.1 Barabati Fort
Fig 11.2 Janakinath Bhawan, Oriya Bazaar
Fig 11.3 Charbatia Fort
Fig 11.4 Ghora Naach
Fig 11.5 Colonial bungalows in the Cantonment Area
Fig 11.6 Barabati Fort constructed by Ganga Ruler Anangabhimadeva
lll
Fig 11.7 Ravenshaw University
Fig 11.8 Government Workshop, Jobra
Fig 11.9 Sishu Bhawan
Fig 11.10 High Court - Indo-European style
Fig 11.11 Filigree works
Fig 11.12 Charbatia/Choudwar Fort
Fig 11.13 Astha Shambhu Temples
Fig 11.14 Barabati Fort Entrance Gate
Fig 11.15 Colonial Structures in Cantonment Area
Fig 11.16 Judiciary Complex
Fig 11.17 Chinese Restaurant
Fig 11.18 Kanika Raja Palace
Fig 11.19 Darpani Rani Palace
Fig 11.20 Balijatra Ground
Fig 11.21 Excavated Charbatia Fort
Fig 11.22 Abandoned bungalow in OTM Colony
Fig 11.23 Barabati Fort
Fig 11.24 Entrance to the Barabati Fort
Fig 11.25 Colonial bungalows set in sprawling gardens
Fig 11.26 Church in Cantonment Area
Fig 11.27 Cambridge School- construction of high rise buildings
Fig 11.28 Orissa State High Court building
Fig 11.29 Department of Pediatric Surgery: Sishu Bhawan
Fig 11.30 Balijatra Ground near the river bank
Fig 11.31 Barabati Stadium
Fig 11.32 Restoration of Jobra Workshop as a maritime museum
Fig 11.33 Remains of the Choudwar Fort
Fig 11.34 Raja Well at the Choudwar Fort
Fig 11.35 Rani Tank near the Choudwar Fort
Fig 11.36 Chateswar and Bateswar Temple, Choudwar
Fig 11.37 Kapaleswar Temple, Choudwar
Fig 11.38 Entry to the Barabati Fort
Fig 11.39 Budhalinga and Kedareswar Temple
Final Proposal: Comprehensive Development Plan for Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA) xvii
Contents
Fig 11.40 Quila Sahi Mosque within the Barabati Fort
Fig 11.41 Moat around the Barabati Fort
Fig 11.42 Colonial bungalows of Cantonment, Old Cuttack
Fig 11.43 Institutional building in the Cantonment Area
Fig 11.44 Christ Collegiate: Institutional building in the Cantonment Area
Fig 11.45 Stewart School: Institutional building in the Cantonment Area
Fig 11.46 The High Court in the very busy Old Cuttack region
Fig 11.47 Orissa State Maritime Museum, Jobra
Fig 11.48 Beautiful River front area along the Ring Road
Fig 12.1 Electric Transformer and Post near Petrol Pump
Fig 12.2 Narrow lanes with houses joined to each other without
setbacks increases the vulnerability during fire
Fig 12.3 Municipal Map of Cuttack indicating Earthquake and Fire
Fig. 12.4 Slums encroached on low-lying areas of Cuttack
Fig. 12.5 Municipal Map of Cuttack indicating Flood and Cyclone
Fig 12.6 Open dumping near roadsides in Cuttack
Fig. 12.7 Municipal Map of Cuttack indicating Health and Environment
Fig. 12.8 Open drains near roadsides in Cuttack
Fig. 12.9 A busy road in Cuttack
Fig. 12.10 A typical narrow road in Cuttack
Fig. 12.11 Municipal Map of Cuttack indicating Narrow Roads and Traffic
Congestion
Fig 14.1 Proposed Zone-wise Percentage Area of Land use with PIE
Diagrams
xviii
Contents
List of Maps
Map 2.1
Administrative Units of CDPA
Map 2.2
Mouza Map of Cuttack Development Plan Area
Map 2.3
Geographical settings of CDPA
Map 3.1
Existing Land use of BCUC
Map 3.2
Existing Land use of Cuttack Municipal Corporation
Map 3.3
Existing Land use of Choudwar Municipality
Map 3.4
Existing Land use of CDPA Rural
Map 3.5
Existing Land use of Cuttack Development Plan Area
Map 3.6
Existing Land use of Zone No. 1: Nirgundi
Map 3.7
Existing Land use of Zone No. 2: Charbatia
Map 3.8
Existing Land use of Zone No. 3: Chhatisa
Map 3.9
Existing Land use of Zone No. 4: Choudwar
Map 3.10
Existing Land use of Zone No. 5: Nimapur
Map 3.11
Existing Land use of Zone No. 6: Bidanasi
Map 3.12
Existing Land use of Zone No. 7: Old Cuttack
Map 3.13
Existing Land use of Zone No. 8: Sikharpur
Map 3.14
Existing Land use of Zone No. 9: Mundali
Map 3.15
Existing Land use of Zone No. 10: Barang
Map 3.16
Existing Land use of Zone No. 11: Gopalpur
Map 3.17
Land Ownership Pattern of Cuttack Development Plan Area
Map 3.18
Developable Government and Govt. Reserved Lands of

CDPA
Map 4.1
Conceptual Plan for Cuttack Development Plan Area
Map 5.1
Zone Wise Existing and Proposed Population
Map 5.2
Zone Wise 2001 Population Density of CDPA
Map 5.3
Zone Wise Proposed (2030) Population Density of CDPA
Map 5.4
Proposed Local Economy for Cuttack Development Plan

Area
Map 6.1
Existing Road Network of Cuttack Development Plan Area
Map 6.2
Selected Traffic Intersections of Cuttack Development Plan

Area
Map 6.3
Proposed Road Network for Cuttack Development Plan Area
Map 7.1
Existing Nature and Trend of Housing in the entire Cuttack

Development Plan Area
Map 7.2
Proposed Housing for Cuttack Development Plan Area
Final Proposal: Comprehensive Development Plan for Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA) xix
Contents
Map 7.3
Proposed
Slum
Upgradation
Schemes
for
Cuttack

Map 8.1
Proposed Water Treatment Plants and Intake Wells of

Cuttack Development Plan Area
Map 8.2
Zone Wise Existing and Proposed Wastewater Generation
Map 8.3
Proposed Sewage Treatment Plants of Cuttack Development

Plan Area
Map 8.4
Existing Drainage System of Cuttack Development Plan Area
Map 8.5
Proposed Drainage System in Cuttack Development Plan

Area
Map 8.6
Proposed Solid Waste Treatment Plants and Disposal Sites

of Cuttack Development Plan Area
Map 9.1
Existing Social Infrastructural Facilities of Cuttack
Map 9.2
Existing Social Infrastructural Facilities of Choudwar
Map 9.3
Existing Social Infrastructural Facilities of Barang
Map 9.4
Proposed Major Social Infrastructural Facilities for CDPA
Map 9.5
Existing and Proposed Power Facility of CDPA
Map 10.1
Major Centres of Tourist Attraction within CDPA
Map 10.2
Proposed Tourist Travel Circuit within CDPA
Map 10.3
Proposals for Major Centres of Tourist Attraction within

CDPA
Map 11.1
Significant Heritage Areas in CDPA
Map 11.2
Identified Built & Natural Heritage of CDPA
Map 11.2A Identified Built & Natural Heritage of Old Cuttack

Map 11.3
Special Heritage Zones of Cuttack Development Plan Area
Map 11.4
Choudwar Fort Special Area
Map 11.5
Barabati Fort Special Area
Map 11.6
Cantonment Special Area
Map 11.7
Judiciary Complex Special Area
Map 11.8
River Front Development
Map 11.9A Heritage Trail: Option 1

Map 11.9B Heritage Trail: Option 2
Map 11.10 Integrated Movement Network of Heritage, Tourism and
Recreation
Map 13.1
Broad Development Zones of Cuttack Development Plan

Area
Map 14.1
Hubs of Specialized Activities of Cuttack Development Plan

Area
xx
Contents
Map 14.2
Proposed Land use Plan for Cuttack Development Plan Area
Map 14.3
Proposed Land use Plan for Zone No 01: Nirgundi
Map 14.4
Proposed Land use Plan for Zone No 02: Charbatia
Map 14.5
Proposed Land use Plan for Zone No 03: Chhatisa
Map 14.6
Proposed Land use Plan for Zone No 04: Choudwar
Map 14.7
Proposed Land use Plan for Zone No 05: Nimapur
Map 14.8
Proposed Land use Plan for Zone No 06: Bidanasi
Map 14.9
Proposed Land use Plan for Zone No 07: Old Cuttack
Map 14.10 Proposed Land use Plan for Zone No 08: Sikharpur
Map 14.11 Proposed Land use Plan for Zone No 09: Mundali
Map 14.12 Proposed Land use Plan for Zone No 10: Barang
Map 14.13 Proposed Land use Plan for Zone No 11: Gopalpur
Map 14.14 Special River Front Area Development for CDPA
Final Proposal: Comprehensive Development Plan for Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA) xxi
Contents
List of Abbreviations
A.D.
Anno Domini
ACA
Additional Central Assistance
ADB
Asian Development Bank
ARC
Aviation Research Centre
ASI
Archeological Survey of India
ASP
Activated sludge process
ATM
Automated Teller Machine
ATO
Approved Tourism Operators
BCUC
Bhubaneswar Cuttack Urban Complex
BDA
Bhubaneswar Development Authority
BDPA
Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area
BHK
Bedroom Hall Kitchen
BID
Business Improvement District
BIS
Bureau of Indian Standards
BMW
Bio-Medical Wastes
BNR
Bengal Nagpur Railway
BOD
Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand
BOLT
Built-OperateLease-Transfer
BOO
Built-Operate-Own
BOT
Built-OperateTransfer
BPL
Below Poverty Line
BSY
Balika Samrudhi Yojana
CAA
Constitutional Amendment Act
CBD
Central Business District
CBOs
Community Based Organisation
CDA
Cuttack Development Authority
CDP
Comprehensive Development Plan
CDPA
Cuttack Development Plan Area
CDS
City Development Strategy
CEOs
Chief Electoral Officer
CESU
Central Electricity Supply Utility
CFIC
Canadian Food Information Council
CIDCO
City and Industrial Development Corporation
CISF
Central Industrial Security Force
CMC
Cuttack Municipality Corporation
CO
Carbon Monoxide
COD
Chemical Oxygen Demand
CPHEEO
Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering

Organisation
CPCB
xxii
Central Pollution Control Board
Contents
CREDAI
Confederation of Real Estate Developers in India
CRR
Cash Reserve Ratio
CRRI
Central Rice Research Institute
CWR
Clear Water Reservoirs
dB
deciBel
DDT
Di-chloro di-phenyl tri- chloro ethane
DFID
Department for International Development
DLC
District Level Committee
DO
Dissolved Oxygen
DPR
Detailed Project Report
DPS
Delhi Public School
DRDO
Defence Research and Development Organisation
DU
Dwelling Unit
DU/Acre
Dwelling Unit per Acre
EWS
Economically Weaker Section
FAR
Floor Area Ratio
FC
Fecal Coliform
FDI
Foreign Direct Investment
FSI
Floor Space Index
GDP
Gross Domestic Product
GIS
Geographic Information System
GOI
Government of India
ha
Hectare
HDFC
Housing Development Finance Corporation
hh
house hold
HHW
Household Hazardous Waste
HIG
High Income Group
HP
Horse Power
HRD
Human Resources Development
HUD
Housing and Urban Development
HUDCO
Housing And Urban Development Corporation Ltd
HCV
Housing Choice Voucher
IDBI
Industrial Development Bank of India Limited
IDCO
Orissa Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation
IMFA
Indian Metals & Ferro Alloys
INR
INdian Rupee
INTACH
Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage
IOC
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.
Final Proposal: Comprehensive Development Plan for Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA) xxiii
Contents
IPICOL
Industrial Investment Promotion Corporation of Orissa

Limited
xxiv
IRC
Indian Road Congress
ISO
International Organisation for Standardization
IT
Information Technology
ITES
Information Technology Enabled Services
JBIC
Japan Bank for International Cooperation
JNNURM
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
kg/ha
Kilogram per Hectare
km
Kilometres
KVA
Kilo Volt Ampere
LIC
Life Insurance Corporation
LIG
Low Income Group
LIHTC
Low Income Housing Tax Credit programme
lpcd
litres per capita daily
LPG
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
LRTS
Light Railway Transit System
LT
Low Tension
m3/d
Cubic metre per Diameter
mm
Millimetre
Municipality
MAV
Multi Axle Vehicle
MFE
Multi Factor Europe
MGD
Million Gallons per Day
MIG
Medium Income Group
MIS
Main Interconnected System
MLD
Million Litres per Day
MNES
Ministry of Non-conventional Energy sources
MRTS
Mass Rapid Transit System
MSK
Medvedev-Sponheuer-Karnik
MSL
Metre above Sea Level
MSW
Municipal Solid Waste
MT
Million Tonnes
MT/d
Million Tonnes/Day
MTS
Mass Transit System
MVA
Mega Volt Ampere
NAAQS
National Ambient Air Quality Standard
NABARD
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
NAC
Neighbourhood Advisory Council
NaREDCo
National Real Estate Developers Consortium
Contents
NGO
Non Governmental Organisation
NH
National Highway
NHB
National Housing Bank
NOx
Nitrogen Oxide
NPK
Nitrogen -Phosphorus-Potassium
NSDP
National Slum Development Programme
NTPC
National Thermal Power Corporation
O&M
Operation and Maintenance
OAP
Old Age Pension
OAT
Open Air Theatre
OBC
Other Backward Classes
ODA
Official Development Authority
ODP
Orissa Disability Pension
OHPC
Orissa Hydro Power Corporation
OHR
Over Head Reservoirs
OPGC
Orissa Power Generation Corporation
ORSAC
Orissa Remote Sensing Application Center
OSDMA
Orissa State Disaster Mitigation Authority
OSHB
Orissa State Housing Board
OTM
Orissa Textile Mills
OWSSB
Orissa Water Supply and Sewerage Board
pH
power of Hydrogen
popn.
Population
pp/sq.km.
Population/ Square Kilometre
PCB
Polychlorinated biphenyls
PCU
Passenger Car Unit
PESA Act
Panchayat Extension to Schedule Areas Act
PET
Polyethylene Terephthalate
PGCIL
Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd
PHAs
Public Housing Agencies
PHEO
Public Health Engineering Office
PPP
Public-Private-Partnership
PRIs
Panchayati Raj Institutions
PTIN
Property Tax Index Number
PV
Passenger Vehicle
PVC
Poly Vinyl Chloride
PWD
Public Works Department
QOL
Quality Of Life
ROW
Right Of Way
RPM
Respirable Particulate Matter
Final Proposal: Comprehensive Development Plan for Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA) xxv
Contents
sq.ft.
Square Feet
sq.kms
Square Kilometre
sq.m.
Square Metre
sq.m./hh
Square Metre per house hold
SC
Schedule Caste
SDD
Special Development Districts
SEZ
Special Economic Zone
SGOC
State Government Office Complex
SHG
Self-Help Groups
SHZ
Special Housing Zone
SJSRY
Swarna Jayanti Sahari Rojgar Yojana
SPARC
Spatial Planning & Analysis Research Centre Pvt. Ltd.
SPC
Special Purpose Company
SPM
Suspended Particulate Matter
SQ
Square
SRC
Special Residential Corridors
SRZ
Special Residential Zone
ST
Schedule Tribe
STC
Sewage Treatment Plant
STD
Subscriber Trunk Dial
STP
Sewage Treatment Plant
SW
Solid Waste
SWM
SWOT
Strength/Weakness/Opportunities/Threat
SWTP
Solid Waste Treatment Plant
T/d
Tonnes per day
T&D
Transmission & Distribution
TDR
Transfer of Development Right
UDPFI
Urban
Development
Plans
Formulation
and
Implementation
UIDSSMT
Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small &

Medium Towns
xxvi
ULB
Urban Local Bodies
UNCHS
United Nations Centre for Human Settlements
UNICEF
United Nations Childrens Fund
UASB
Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket
USAID
United States Agency for International Development
UTI
Unit Trust of India
VAMBAY
Valmiki AMBedkar Awas Yojana
WTE
Waste To Energy
Foreword
The urban agglomeration of Cuttack, with its ancient history and culturally rich background is
now making a transition into an investment rich center. Several factors that have pushed the
area into its present state of transformation mode includes the rise of new economic activities
along with its strong traditional economic activities, the need of the people and the governing
bodies to reach a global standard, a change into outlook of its people and progressive and
easily adaptive government policies.
To streamline and coordinate the development of the area, a vision has been perceived
which has its blue print in the Vision-2030, the Perspective Plan. It considers the entire
Bhubaneswar, Cuttack Urban Complex along with its neighbouring town as a whole. It has recommendations that
clearly fast forwards the development of the urban regional into a world class millennium city.
To shape the visions and aspirations into a reality, it is of utmost important to translate the policies of the perspective
Plan into an area specific Comprehensive Development Plan. Comprehensive Development Plan is an important
document that translates the planning decisions and policies into local level implementation strategies. Comprehensive
Development Plan when published for public viewing also incorporates the needs and expectations of the public as
well.
The preparation of the Comprehensive Development Plan for Cuttack was entrusted to the Indian Institute of
Technology Kharagpur. It has gone through all the necessary public review and participatory planning.
The hubs of specialized activities proposed for Cuttack hold the key to a successful and integrated development.
These hubs give the urban agglomeration its unique character. With the active participation of all the stakeholders and
concerned Departments the Comprehensive Development Plan is expected to bring about a balanced and integrated
development in the region, open up greater investment opportunities, provide scope for employment and raise the
quality of life of the people of Cuttack. This is a statutory document and an important tool for historic development.
I compliment Prof. B K Sengupta and his team Members of Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, the Housing and
Urban Development Department, Government of Orissa, the functionaries of Cuttack Development Authority, mayors
and Chairpersons of Local Bodies and the citizens of this region for the completion of the Comprehensive
Development Plan for Cuttack Development Plan Area for the successful realization of the Vision-2030.
Foreword
Historically urbanisation and economic growth have been seen to go hand in hand. With
the current sustained economic growth in Orissa, especially over the past decade
Cuttack too has seen rapid growth, in this period. Going forward the challenge is to
harmoniously plan the future city with the rich heritage of this millennium old city.
To bring about an organized development of the entire area in the Bhubaneswar-Cuttack
Urban Complex, the Government of Orissa entrusted the job of preparation of the
Perspective Plan (Vision-2030) and the Comprehensive Development Plans for
Bhubaneswar and Cuttack to IIT, Kharagpur. The Comprehensive Development Plan has been prepared by using GIS
& Remote Sensing Technology and based on satellite imageries.
The Draft Comprehensive Development Plan for Cuttack was prepared in conformity with the statutory provisions of
the Orissa Development Authority Act 1982 and was presented before all the stakeholders. Objections & suggestions
thereby received were duly considered by the Board of Enquiry & submitted to the IIT, Kharagpur for necessary
incorporation and to ultimately generate a pragmatic proposal for the "Final Comprehensive Development Plan" for the
Cuttack Development Plan Area.
The development proposals in the comprehensive Development Plan for the Cuttack Development Plan Area will help
open up various avenues of development, fulfill the aspirations of the people of the area and bring about a balanced
and integrated growth of the entire region.
I compliment Prof. B.K. Sengupta and his team members of Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, the
functionaries of Cuttack Development Authority, Cuttack Municipal Corporation, Chaudwar Municipality and the citizens
of this region for the completion of the Comprehensive Development Plan for Cuttack Development Plan Area for the
successful realization of the Vision 2030.
Preface
Preface
All settlements require a vision which can stir the imagination and
motivate all segments of society to a greater effort. Cuttack Development
Plan Area, with its natural resource endowments, emerging real estate
business environment, cultural and built heritage, and above all proactive government policies must leap forward towards growth and
development. It is essential to build consensus on a broad development
strategy which encompasses, inter-alia, the roles and responsibilities of
different agencies in the economy such as central, state and local
government, the private corporate sector, peoples organisations etc. It is
clear, therefore, that to meet these objectives, already prepared vision
plan for the State Capital Region provides an excellent background
material to specify development at different levels.
It is heartening that planned development and the role of planners are

increasingly being recognized in our country. The Department of
Architecture and Planning, IIT Kharagpur, was assigned the task of
preparing Vision-2030 for the Bhubaneswar Cuttack Urban Complex, as
well as the preparation of the Comprehensive Development Plans for the
Bhubaneswar and Cuttack Development Plan Areas. The consultant
group examined many important issues, but to transform this area to a
world class city region, the planning area needs to make a quantum leap
on two major fronts: economic growth and quality of life.
To back these aspirations, however, a more streamlined and integrated

developmental plan is essential as planning decisions and policies till
now are more towards sectoral and local level solutions by various
agencies like CMC and CDA for the Cuttack region or the BDA and BMC
for the Bhubaneswar region.
Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA), with its current population of

about 8.27 lakh (2008) and covering an area of 302.17 sq.kms. forms
part of the BhubaneswarCuttack Urban Complex (BCUC) having a total
current population of about 19 lakh (2008), and stretching over 721.9
sq.kms. The CDPA, having 156 Mouzas is comprised of Cuttack
Municipal Corporation, Choudwar Municipality and its adjoining 60 rural
Mouzas.
Preface
The sequence of planning process has followed the preparation of
(i)
Socio Economic Survey Report for BCUC
(ii)
Status Report: Perspective Plan for BCUC, November, 2006
(iii)
Perspective Plan for BCUC, September, 2007
(iv)
Draft Comprehensive Development Plan for Bhubaneswar

Development Plan Area, August, 2008
(v)
Draft
Comprehensive
Development
Plan
for
Cuttack
Development Plan Area, February, 2009

(vi)
Final Comprehensive Development Plan for Bhubaneswar

Development Plan Area, January, 2010
(vii)
Final
Comprehensive
Development
Plan
for
Cuttack
Development Plan Area, May, 2011

The Comprehensive Development Plan has been prepared in the
background of all such documents and went into translating their
provision in the Comprehensive Development Plan.
At the outset, the historical growth and genesis of the Cuttack

Development Plan Area, along with its surrounding areas, were analysed.
The trends were established with a critical evaluation of the ones that
need to be pursued, and the ones that need to be altered. An overall
vision for the region was next framed, keeping in mind that it must be
contiguous with the strategies to be proposed for its twin/sister city,
Bhubaneswar, which together form the entire Bhubaneswar-Cuttack
Urban Complex.
Based on the systematic studies into various sectors of development, a

spatial
framework
of
growing
settlement
pattern
has
emerged,
earmarking 11 Planning Zones for the Cuttack Development Plan Area.

This document outlines holistic development proposals and guidelines for
transportation, housing, physical infrastructure, social facilities, tourism,
heritage
and
conservation,
environment
and
also
development
management and finance for the CDPA.
The entire exercise has stressed the need for participatory planning and
has been drawn giving due weightage to the priorities and aspirations of
the stakeholders. With the active participation of all the concerned
departments, the Comprehensive Development Plan, when implemented
is expected to bring in balanced and holistic development in the region,
open up major avenues of investment, trigger collateral growth, provide
Preface
opportunities of employment, raise the quality of life of the people and
boost the image of the CDPA significantly. This can only be achieved
through
promotion
of
entrepreneurship
and
encouragement
of
innovations, leading to conscious social equity. There has to be improved

infrastructure and services, shelter for all, health and hygiene, along with
social amenities, encouraging development of the body and mind within
an ecologically sustainable framework.
The Government and the Cuttack Development Authority has to fulfill the
statutory obligation of holistic participation of one and all who matter in
the development of the CDPA.
The Consultants would like to put on record that the entire exercise would
not have been in its present form without the whole hearted support of
functionaries of the Urban Development Dept., Govt. of Orissa, Cuttack
Development Authority, Cuttack Municipal Corporation, Choudwar
Municipality and all the concerned departments for collection of data and
inputs from the experts, duly acknowledged elsewhere. We also recollect
the excellent support extended by the Bhubaneswar Development
Authority and the other constituent agencies of Bhubaneswar.
We deeply acknowledge the patronage and personal interest of

Honorable Chief Minister of Orissa in the entire process of planning.
Prof. B.K. Sengupta

(Consultant In-charge)
Project Team
Prof. S. Chattopadhyay
Consultant
Prof. S. Sen
Consultant
Prof. S. Basu
Consultant
Prof. J. Barman
Consultant
Prof. A. K. Gupta
Consultant
Prof. T. N. Mazumder
Consultant
Ms. Raj Kunwar Nayak
Senior Project Officer
Ms. Gitali Mandal
Mr. Prashob Raj
Acknowledgement
The project team sincerely thanks the following organizations and persons,
whose support and active cooperation have contributed towards the completion
of the Final Proposal Report in its present form. The team also thanks all those
who have contributed towards completion of this report directly or indirectly,
whose names may not have been listed below.
1.
Honorable Chief Minister, Government of Orissa
2.
Honorable Urban Development Minister, Government of Orissa
3.
Chief Secretary, Government of Orissa
4.
Principal Secretary, Housing and Urban Development, Government of

Orissa
5.
The Director, Directorate of Town Planning, Govt. of Orissa,

Bhubaneswar.
6.
R.D.C. Cuttack
7.
The Collector, Cuttack
8.
Vice-Chairman, Cuttack Development Authority (CDA)
9.
Planning Member, CDA, Cuttack
10. Associate Town Planner, CDA, Cuttack

11. Mayor, Cuttack Municipal Corporation
12. Municipal Commissioner, Cuttack Municipal Corporation
13. Executive Engineer, Cuttack Municipal Corporation
14. Vice-Chairman, Bhubaneswar Development Authority (BDA)
15. The Chairman, Choudwar Municipality
16. The Executive Officer, Choudwar Municipality
17. The Director, Directorate of Census Operation, Census of India,
Bhubaneswar.
18. The Chief Engineer, PHEO, Govt. of Orissa, Bhubaneswar
19. Bureau of Economics & Statistics, Govt. of Orissa, Bhubaneswar
20. Central Pollution Control Board, Orissa, Bhubaneswar
21. Director, Small Scale Industry, Orissa
22. Director, Industries, Orissa
23. CMD, Orissa Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation (IDCO)
24. Chief Engineer, Drainage, Cuttack
25. Chief Executive Officer, CESU of Orissa, Bhubaneswar
26. General Manager, Electrical Circle, Cuttack
27. Member Secretary, Orissa Water Supply and Sewerage Board
28. Deputy Director, Directorate of Culture, Govt. of Orissa.
29. The Director, Directorate of Tourism, Govt. of Orissa
30. RITES Ltd.
31. The Director, Directorate of Agriculture, Govt. of Orissa
32. The Director, Directorate of Veterinary & Animal Husbandry, Govt. of
Orissa, Cuttack
33. The Director, Directorate of Geology, Govt. of Orissa, Bhubaneswar
34. Assistant Engineer PHED, Orissa
35. Superintendent Engineer, PH Circle, Bhubaneswar
36. Orissa Space Application Centre (ORSAC)
37. Spatial Planning and Analysis Research Centre (SPARC)
38. Mr. Biswajit Mukherjee, Architect
39. Mr. Pritiranjan Behera, Project Associate
40. People of Orissa
Executive Summary
INTRODUCTION
In the Perspective Plan, broad level strategies and policies on various
aspects of urban development were provided. To translate these broad
level strategies into implementable medium term planning proposals,
Comprehensive Development Plans are formulated within the framework
prescribed in the Perspective Plan document, conforming to the statutory
requirements detailed out in The Orissa Development Authority Act,
1982, separately for Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA).
The main objectives of the CDP are:
To generate the up-to-date existing urban land use map of the area
using revenue maps and recent period satellite imageries using GIS
technology in 1:4000 scale.
To formulate a meaningful physical development Plan to regulate and

guide the urban growth in the region by 2030 A.D. in a planned and
healthy manner as per the provisions indicated in ODA Act, 1982 and
ODA Rule, 1983.
The CDPA stands unique in the state of Orissa, as a major urban

commercial complex and has always led the region as an economic
exchange zone. Keeping this in mind, we have the following vision for the
Cuttack Development Plan Area in its CDP:
Comprehensive Development Plan must capitalise on its unique

setting as a hub of commercial activity as well as institutional
functions like High Court, hospital, educational institutions along
with modernization of industrial activities in and around Choudwar.
Comprehensive Development Plan must show real commitment to

providing equal opportunity to all its citizens and government
partners to share in its livability.
Comprehensive Development Plan must ensure that the CDPA

continues to carefully preserve its historical heritage and its unique
riverfront.
The Purpose of CDP is also the basis for taking day to day decisions on
land use conversion that follow an optimistic and hopeful long term
vision. According to the Orissa Development Authority Act, 1982, the
Comprehensive Development Plan shall define the various zones into
which the land covered by the Comprehensive Development Plan may be
divided for the purpose of development and indicate the manner in which
the land in each zone is proposed to be used and the stages by which
xxvii
Executive Summary
any such development shall be carried out; and also serve as a basic
pattern of framework within which the Zonal Development Plan of the
various zones may be prepared.
The process of developing a CDP is an iteration of various steps starting
with assessing the existing conditions, revising database, developing new
vision, forming various management programmes, allocating budget and
scheme implementation. All interested stakeholders have been involved
to ensure incremental implementation of all the schemes for which the
CDP addresses the following:
Demography
Economy
Housing & Slums
Environment
Development Management
The formulation of the Comprehensive Development Plan for the

development area under consideration has followed the six stages as
stated below:
Stage-1: The Perspective Plan had delineated the CDPA into 11 planning
zones. These 11 planning zones were then superimposed with the
mouza boundaries and plot boundaries.
Stage-2: The study of existing land use of the 11 planning zones was
carried out. This helped in the assessment of the type and quantum of
the various central functions and land uses in the planning zones.
Stage-3: Subsequently identification of vacant land as well as plot wise
ownership interpretation (Public & Private) of the planning zones was
carried out.
Stage-4: The allocation of types, quantum and distribution of land uses
and central functions was estimated in various planning zones as per the
Perspective Plan.
xxviii Department of Architecture and Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Executive Summary
Stage-5: Consisted of the implementation mechanism with respect to
legal, administrative & financial aspects.
Stage-6: Prepared the future land use plan and their zone wise
distribution.
STUDY AREA AND ITS CHARACTERISITICS

Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA) has been formed by a process
of amalgamation and annexation of Cuttack Municipal Corporation,
Choudwar Municipality and the CDPA Rural areas. The CDPA consists of
1 Municipal Corporation, namely Cuttack (48 wards) and the Choudwar
Municipality (28 wards), besides 60 villages.
The maximum breadth from east to west is around 25 kms, while the
maximum length from north to south is about 24 kms. The area is
bounded by part of Tangi-Choudwar block on the north; Bhubaneswar
block on the South; Athagarh and Dampara block on the west and
Salepur and Cuttack Sadar block on the east. The Central area includes
Old Cuttack bracketed between Kathajodi River towards its west & south
and the Mahanadi River towards its east and north
Cuttack city is saucer-shaped in its geographical formation. In earlier
times there were many ponds which use to retain & moderate storm
water runoff into the drain. These ponds were eventually filled and
became low lying areas with little scope for natural drainage.
The planning area experiences a hot and humid climate in summer, a dry
and cold climate in winter, with the most ideal climate experienced
between mid-January to mid-March.The annual average rainfall varies
from 1557.20 mm over the planning area. During the south-west
monsoon, the average wind speed is 15 kms per hour and it drops to only
5-10 kms per hour in October.
Different types of soil are observed in different topographical,
hydrological as well as geological condition within the CDPA. The area
near Kathajodi-Mahanadi flood plain is mostly alluvial in nature and
unsuitable for large construction. The North western part of the Cuttack
planning zone contains laterite soil, which is not very suitable for
agriculture.
The river system in CDPA includes the Mahanadi, Kathajodi, Kuakhai
and Birupa rivers. The Taldanda Canal and Puri Main Canal have been
formed out of Mahanadi whereas, the Kendrapada Main Canal and
xxix
Executive Summary
Pattamundai Main Canal from the Birupa River. Many natural drains in
the area have now been converted to Nullahs.
Major findings of the Socio-Economic Survey (2006) are:
1. Majority of families in CDPA belong to joint family category
(40%).
2. Around 95% of households are Oriya speaking.
3. Around 96% of the population is Hindu.
4. 57% belong to general category, 27% to OBC, 15% SC and 1%
ST category.
5. 34% of migration into CDPA is from within the state of Orissa,
the rest accounting from neighboring states and some even
from Nepal and Bangladesh.
6. About 78% of the households own their residences, and a huge
majority reside in single storied houses (73%).There are some
240 slum pockets in CDPA.
7. The urban area is largely electrified (92% hh) while 76% of
household in rural areas have electricity.
8. Around 27% household have own water supply taps.
9. 8% areas of CDPA are covered by sewerage connection.
10. Average sex ratio in CDPA is 902.
The above findings indicate that the people of Cuttack are culturally
rooted with the soil.
The slope of land is mostly away from the river making the natural
drainage difficult. An overview of the region depicts that the utilization of
planned infrastructure is pretty high in Cuttack compared to Choudwar
municipality area. The population density in Cuttack city is very high and
largely the planning area is rural in character.
The Cuttack Municipality was created in 1874.The city has passed
through various stages of growth, from unorganized sector to the
development in organized sector (1956-76) thereby reaching the present
day development of vast urban agglomeration. Choudwar is the Industrial
Hub-cum-Tehsil Headquarter. The main functions of the town are
industrial, transport, communication, trade & commerce. It has enough
scope for growth of other Governmental, Commercial, Institutional
activities.
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Executive Summary
The two important life-lines of eastern India namely East-Coast Railway
and National Highway No.5, connecting Kolkata directly with Chennai,
pass through this region. The National Highway No.42 starting from NH-5
at Choudwar, is connecting this region with minerally rich and industrially
advanced northern districts. The region is connected with Paradeep by
rail, road and canal. Talcher is also connected by rail.
Joint families are predominant in the CDPA in general and CMC in
particular. A floor space per persons in CDPA lies in the range of 100200 Sq ft. It is expected that in the plan period, multi-storied apartment
and condominium will have significant rate of growth in the CDPA area.
The
present
infrastructure
facilities
for
water
supply
demand
augmentation. Cuttack suffers badly from water logging due to the high
flood and tide levels in the rivers. Cuttacks drainage, which includes
wastewater transport and disposal, is entirely by open drains. It is felt
that, though the city is growing at a rapid pace, the systems of sanitation
and drainage are unable to keep pace with it. CDPA desperately is in
need of a systematic solid waste collection and treatment system.
In spite of having a high literacy rate there exist a lot of disparity in terms
of social infrastructure among the various constituent units of settlement
in the CDPA region.
Some of the recreational areas of Cuttack are Naraj scenic spot, Deer
Park, Barabati fort and stadium, Netaji birthplace museum, Gouri Sankar
Park etc.
CDPA is endowed with varied historical and cultural resources from
different historical periods.
LAND USE AND LAND OWNERSHIP

Cuttack, along with Bhubaneswar has been developed based on the
Master Plan/ Interim Development Plan/ Comprehensive Development
Plan for dynamic growth of economy, increased production of goods and
services, etc.
Almost 58% of total land area 30217.34ha is found to be available for
extensive development. Agriculture dominates the land use of the entire
CDPA by 22%. A lot of wasteland, 19% is observed, followed by 18% of
vegetation/forest land. Water bodies, i.e. the Mahanadi and the Kathajodi
are a major chunk of CDPA, 13%. 10% of the land use is residential, with
Old Cuttack, Sikharpur and Bidanasi being the most densely populated
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Executive Summary
Planning zones. Zone wise land use distribution exhibit varied
concentration of land uses.
While preparing the Comprehensive Development Plan, it is necessary to
gather information of plot wise land ownership. In CDPA, there are 156
revenue villages, and the plot by plot Ownership of the land, of all those
villages has been categorized into five different Ownership groups. The
followings are the five different ownership categories:
1. Government Land
2. Temple/ Trustee
3. Government Reserved
4. Government forest
5. Private
The compilation of the ownership datas and their analysis is also
summarized. It is very interesting to observe that there is almost equal
distribution of ownership between public and privately owned land. This
implies that renewal, re-development should start as a joint venture in
near future to cater to all sorts of development.
CONCEPTUAL PLAN
The Comprehensive Development Plan of CDPA is based on a vision. It is
a vision to create a world class cultural city that will not only have high
end activities and centres of excellence but also a distinct identity based
on its rich cultural background and natural resources. It is also an area
undergoing transformation to meet the demands of the future population
and new upcoming activities. Hence the spatial distribution of the central
functions has been done after analyzing the various complex parameters
such as the morphology, connectivity, development potential of the
region, the existing land use characteristics and the historical and cultural
background of the CDPA region.
With an objective of achieving a balanced and integrated growth within
the CDPA region, the Comprehensive Development Plan thus evolved
gives rise to a unique concept of 8 major activity centres located within
the CDPA that serve not only the CDPA, but the entire BCUC. Different
functional hubs have also been identified to be located throughout the
Northern Fringe, Central Millennium City and the Southern Fringe of the
CDPA. The CDP has been framed with a focus on the following:
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Executive Summary
i. Creation of a well built North-South, as well as, East-West connection
in the entire length and width of the CDPA on one hand and linking it to
the rest of the BCUC on the other.
ii. Emphasis on the augmentation of the existing physical links and their
utilization up to the optimum levels.
iii. Conservation of the natural, cultural and built heritage with emphasis
on revitalisation.
iv. A boost to economic development of the region has been given by
enhancing the economic potential of the region through appropriate
allocation of land uses and formation of policy guidelines to achieve the
same.
DEMOGRAPHIC & ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE

CDPA, essentially being a developable capital region, the proper
approach would be population allocation rather than population
projection. Since different urban and rural centers within CDPA have
been observed to have grown in different proportions, the trends have
been examined and a set of anticipated populations for the newly
developed areas for the future have been fixed up.
After careful investigation into all types of statistical projections using
various methods, the estimated population in 2030 will be around
11,15,000; 1,25,000 and 2,60,000 (approx.) in Cuttack Municipal
Corporation
(CMC),
Choudwar
Municipality
and
CDPA
Rural
respectively.
Cuttack, thus, has all along been enjoying the unique privilege of being
the administrative, cultural and commercial nerve center of Orissa. With
the inception of modern communication facilities, the people of Cuttack
have become even more progressive in their outlook. And, in todays
context, it is expected that the CDPA region would be experiencing a
paradigm shift in its economic activity and real estate scenario.
Significant changes have taken place in the urban economy which was
once the administrative, cultural and business capital of the state.
Though it still retains a strong business base, there is no doubt that its
economic primacy in the state region has declined. On the other hand,
rural parts have been predominantly agrarian based on agriculture,
animal husbandry and livestock farming.
The relative share of primary sector activities within the local economy in
terms of employment and income is expected to come down - with
Final Proposal: Comprehensive Development Plan for Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA) xxxiii
Executive Summary
greater dependence on secondary and tertiary sector activities. Large
scale conversion of land and change in work force absorption in highwage non-primary activities will be the key reason for this structural
transformation.
Economic
activities
proposed
for
future
are
therefore
more
complimentary in nature rather than competitive with Bhubaneswar as

both of these local economies are anticipated to act in synergy towards
the unified goal of economic upliftment in the entire BhubaneswarCuttack Urban Complex.
TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION

Traffic and Transportation is one of the key factors which have dictated
the urban structure of Cuttack, especially its intra-urban road network.
Excessive reliance on private transit options, especially two-wheelers
has been observed for intra-urban travel which will further aggravate the
traffic problems in future. This not only stresses the capacity of the
already congested road network, but also compounds the parking
problems. Further, a huge volume of regional traffic passes through the
Cuttack town which leads to significant conflict between slow moving and
fast moving vehicles not only slowing the movement along the regional
corridors, but also increasing the accident risks.
Planning for mass transit facilities is the key step toward addressing
these issues and correct the existing distortion in the urban transit sector.
Road based mass transit technologies have been recommended
particularly where adequate road space is available. However, within the
Cuttack city, elevated alignment seems to be the only solution.
In case the elevated mass transit alignment across congested urban core
cannot be implemented, high capacity road-based bus transit system is
recommended as a feasible public transit alternative.
The existing transit terminal facilities (both rail and bus) are inadequate to
cater to the present and anticipated demands. Within Cuttack, relocation
of the existing regional bus terminal facilities from Badambadi has been
proposed at Bidanasi.
Lack of adequate connectivity exists between some parts of the CDPA,
like more all-weather roads to Choudwar and Charbatia, and the rural
CDPA with the Cuttack town. The proposed road structure with hierarchy
of roads has aimed at providing connectivity to the existing as well as the
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Executive Summary
future growth nodes. Two bypasses and new ring roads have also been
proposed to reduce interference between regional and mixed traffic.
The traffic volume within the Cuttack town is growing at a rapid rate,
evident from the growing congestion in many intersections and links. A
detailed prescription for intersection traffic management measures as
well as improvement of pedestrian and cyclist facilities has been
recommended to increase the mobility and reduce the accident risk.
Goods transshipment facilities have been proposed at strategic locations
along the bypasses and ring roads to improve the freight handling and
storage functions within CDPA. This will also reduce the interference
caused by the goods vehicle movement, parking, loading/unloading on
the passenger movement.
HOUSING
By 2030, 28% of the population of BCUC will be residing in the Cuttack
Development Plan Area (CDPA). The projected housing requirement for
the BCUC by 2030 was computed to be 7,00,000 dwelling units in the
Perspective Plan Vision 2030, while the housing requirement of CDPA is
compounded to be 2,68,000 dwelling units(DU)s for the same period.
This implies that about 38% of the future housing requirement for BCUC
will be in the CDPA alone. This calls for careful planning and strategizing.
Trend analyses show that in the CDPA area as a whole, nuclear families
form the largest component (48.49%) followed by joint (31.38%) and
extended families (16.80%). In Choudwar municipality, extended and joint
families are significant in number. It is expected that the CDPA will
continue to see the growth of extended and nuclear families. An
increased demand for rental housing in this area is thus envisaged. The
CDP assumes new roles for the CDPA rural areas. This will see
significant increase of pucca house construction. A sizable number of
kutcha and semi-pucca will filter upwards, while new pucca construction
will far outweigh the kutcha construction. It is anticipated that the CDPA
will generate a significant demand for housing in the 750-1200 sq ft
range. Overall, 77% of the households own their houses and only 15%
live in rented accommodation. About 30 % of the households in stratum
10 live in office accommodation. This trend is likely to grow further with a
larger share of institutional housing and rented accommodation.There will
be significant growth of group housing, especially in the Nirgundi,
Gopalpur, Barang and Bidanasi areas. Plotted development will pre-
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Executive Summary
dominate in areas like Nimapur, Sikharpur, Choudwar and Bidanasi. The
plan period envisages larger roles for private sectors and the PPP model.
The Government will continue to provide serviced land and provide
finance under attractive schemes and focus less on building activity.
Future housing requirement in CDPA: The current housing backlog is
67,498 DUs which has been calculated by extrapolating the backlog
trends of 1981-1991 with suitable adjustments. The qualitative housing
shortage is 57890 DUs which has been computed from the slum
population and the households occupying dilapidated houses as per the
Socio-Economic Survey. The future housing requirement due to new
household formation is 143371.
The total housing requirement for CDPA is thus the summation of the
following:
Future housing requirement (143371)
+ existing housing backlog (67498)
+ obsolescence (dilapidated) (57890)
= 2,68,759 dwelling units (nearly 2,70,000 DUs.)
Distribution of income groups: This has been done keeping the current
trend in mind and with the assumption that there will be significant
improvement in the quality of life and income of the households. The HIG
share is likely to rise from the present 16% to 30% and a significant
proportion of households of the current MIG will enter this bracket of HIG.
Thus the present share of 57% under MIG is likely to become 45%. The
EWS will reduce from the present 8% to 5% and this will see an increase
in the LIG category.
Land Requirement: The 11 Planning Zones have been classified into 4
major types namely, Intensive, Extensive, Sensitive and Restricted
Development Zones. The maximum population that can be allotted to a
specific Planning Zone is found by multiplying the maximum permissible
density (persons/sq. km) of each Planning Zone with the area of the
Planning Zone.
The total additional area required for the future population to be
accommodated is computed to be 5560 acres.
Cost of Development: The principle of cross subsidization will be applied
for pricing of land to bring it within the affordable limits of the EWS and
LIG. The land acquisition cost per acre considering the prevailing market
xxxvi
Executive Summary
conditions, varies in the different planning zones. The following
assumptions have been made:
Average cost of development for the CDPA is as follows:
Acquisition Cost = Rs.76 lakhs/acre
Land Development Cost = Rs.10 lakhs /acre
Total Cost of Development = Rs.86 lakhs/acre
Housing Strategy: The existing population of CDPA of around 8.27 lakh
will reach 15 lakh by the period 2030. This will mean an addition of
around 6.73 lakh people. With an average household size of 4.5, this
implies an addition of 1.5 lakh dwelling units. In addition, there is a
current backlog of around 67,498 dwelling units. If the qualitative
shortage and obsolescence factors are added to that, the total housing
requirement for CDPA in 2030 is around 2.68 lakh (nearly 2.70 lakh)
dwelling units.
The housing strategy envisages:
i.
Re-densification of the planning units for compact growth.
ii.
Development of new housing colonies and new townships in the

extensive development zones which will include apartments and
gated colonies, high-rise apartments in areas with relaxed height
norms and increase FAR provision.
iii.
Augmentation of the existing housing schemes that are indicating

slow growth.
iv.
Special Housing Zones and Redensification
Slums: There are 240 slums in Cuttack, occupying 571.25 acres of land,
28129 numbers of household and a total of 178817 population. It is also
reported that basic facilities are grossly absent in these slums; viz. toilet
facilities (60%), electricity (40%) and education facilities (30%).
A multicriteria approach is required to arrive at the best-fit solution for the
slum pockets.
Slum upgrading approaches will include:
Settlement Reconstruction
Settlement Relocation
Slum Networking
VAMBAY
The Policies and Programmes under housing strategy envisage to:

i. Increase housing availability and affordability.
Final Proposal: Comprehensive Development Plan for Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA) xxxvii
Executive Summary
ii. Increase land under gross residential area from the existing 9.92%
to about 23% in CDPA.
iii. Create 12000 EWS houses to rehabilitate about 45% of existing
slum households.
iv. Move to market-based auctions to choose the developer:
v. Build about 5,000 additional low-income housing units by creating
Special Housing Zones (SHZs) through targeted incentives in
Sikharpur zone.
vi. Upgrade other infrastructure at community, neighbourhood and city
levels.
vii. Re-densify the identified intensive development zones such as
Sikharpur.
viii. Develop new housing colonies and new townships in the extensive
development zones in Barang, Gopalpur and Nirgundi. This will
include apartments and gated colonies, high-rise apartments in
areas with relaxed height norms and increased FAR provision.
ix. Augment the existing housing schemes that are indicating slow
growth like those at Bidanasi.
PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
The availability of safe drinking water, adequate in quantity to the
complete population can be rated as one of the most critical issues of
CDPA. The water supply system should cover the present uncovered
areas to have 100% water supply distribution coverage, which may
reduce the operation and maintenance cost. The system should provide
a continuous 24 hr supply system with adequate pressure in the
distribution system even at the tail ends.
The general characteristics of water are satisfying the requirements of
potable water, in many areas of Cuttack. Existing water distribution pipes
of Cuttack are inadequate and are not functioning satisfactorily,
demanding urgent interventions. Pipes are incrusted due to high iron
content in the water, and therefore, unable to carry adequate discharge
flow rate. In many places the groundwater is reported saline with high
total dissolved solids and iron. In rural areas of CDPA, there is no
provision of safe drinking water supply through pipelines and majority of
the population are forced to depend on ground water sources only. The
expected water demand in CDPA in 2030 will be 300 MLD. The capacity
of the existing water supply systems will be insufficient for supplying
water to the public even for the urban areas of CMC, suggesting the need
xxxviii Department of Architecture and Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Executive Summary
for additional water supply to cater to the growing demand. There is an
urgent need of master plan for water supply and its implementation. The
tentative cost of proposed water supply system for CDPA is Rs.541
crores.
Though, the Cuttack city is surrounded by embankments, it suffers badly
from water logging due to the high flood levels in the rivers during
monsoon. Cuttack gets inundated during heavy down pours due to
inadequate drainage systems. There are also a number of lower pockets
in the city, from where storm water does not get evacuated through the
existing
(drainage)
system.
Cuttacks
drainage,
which
includes
wastewater transport and disposal, is entirely by open drains. The two

main drainage channels are throttled at many locations due to narrow
culverts. Though the Cuttack city is growing at a rapid pace, the systems
of sanitation and drainage are unable to keep pace with it. It is also
observed that the natural depressions and ponds, which were
instrumental in preventing excess storm run-off, are getting filled up at a
rapid rate due to urbanization. This may further aggravate the existing
problems of water logging. The natural drains in most of the CDPA seem
to be functioning like sewers. The lack of proper sanitation and solid
waste management, combined with indiscriminate dumping of solid waste
in the drains. The reported cases of flooding in many areas due to
diminished carrying capacity of drains deserve attention. More emphasis
is to be given in the management of drains which involves the prevention
of flooding and illegal encroachments, periodic maintenance, and
provisions of adequate lands for future reconstruction and augmentation
activities. An organized drainage system is invariably associated with the
implementation of a systematic solid waste and wastewater collection
and treatment system. It is proposed that the existing drainage alignment
within the urban area be made permanent and also the natural drainage
system be improved. Hence, the CDPA demands a full fledged drainage
system. The drainage facilities provided are very poor in Choudwar
Municipality and Rural areas of CDPA. A master plan for the drainage of
these areas has not yet been prepared. The implementation of a master
drainage plan for these areas appears much essential. The tentative cost
of the proposed drainage system of CDPA is around 380 crores.
There is no systematic sewerage system in the city, with the discharge of
domestic waste through storm drains directed to the river. As a result, the
quality of water in Mahanadi and Kathajodi rivers shows deterioration in
quality. The level of infrastructure available for sanitation and drainage is
Final Proposal: Comprehensive Development Plan for Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA) xxxix
Executive Summary
to be drastically modified for effective management. The implementation
of a proper wastewater management system is necessary to treat the
huge quantities of wastewater generation in future.
Since it is necessary to provide sewage treatment facilities for 240 MLD
of wastewater, a decentralized wastewater treatment system would be
more appropriate. The centralized sewage treatment system appears
inappropriate as it may end up with very huge sizes of sewers and
various issues of conveyance in handling this huge quantity of
wastewater. The possibilities of re-use of treated wastewater effluent for
irrigation, gardening etc. should be looked into. The construction of
treatment plants could be carried out in a phased manner on a
modular/zonal basis in the planning area consistent with the future
development/demand. The tentative cost of the proposed sewerage
system of CDPA is around 687 crores.
The Cuttack city does not have an adequate garbage collection and
disposal system. In general there is no systematic collection, segregation
and disposal system for the solid waste generated in the city. The
collection bins provided are ineffective in holding the huge amount of SW
produced in the city daily and as a result, it is being dumped irregularly in
many areas, open spaces, even in residential colonies, along highways,
etc. Since Cuttack also does not have adequate land for waste disposal,
90% of the wastes are dumped in the river beds, low lying areas, and
back yards of houses with only a very low percentage being taken to land
fill sites.
It has been felt that the solid waste management in CDPA is not in tune
with the rapid development of the area. The Municipal solid waste
management remains a neglected area. The total solid waste generation
expected in CDPA would be 750 MT/day as on 2030. It is always
advisable
to
have
decentralized
compost
plants
for
effective
implementation and better efficiency and can be located as per local

generation rates and availability of land. The situation demands a
comprehensive and sustainable solid waste management strategy for
effective implementation.
The Ministry of Environment and Forests issued the Bio-medical wastes
(Management and Handling) Rules, 1998 which were amended
subsequently.
These
rules
provide
for
segregation,
packaging,
transportation, storage, treatment and disposal of wastes generated by

hospitals, clinics and laboratories. Bio-medical wastes (BMW) have been
classified into various categories. Even the biomedical wastes or
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Executive Summary
hazardous wastes collection and treatment are totally neglected. The
present methods of open dumping, unsanitary land filling, and open
incineration may enhance sub-soil and ground water pollution. It is
advisable to have some hazardous/bio-medical facility for the entire
CDPA. The Hazardous/Bio-medical wastes collected from spots can be
stored in selective transfer stations and can be transported to this central
treatment facility. The authorities can formulate an action plan for
implementing this plant through some competent agencies and can be
suitably charged for treatment and disposal of Hazardous/Bio-medical
wastes.
The solid waste generation expected in CDPA is very high and providing
compost treatment facilities for this huge quantum of waste, though
essential, may not be practically possible in a single phase. The tentative
cost for the proposed Solid Waste Management of CDPA is around 112
crores.
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Social and community infrastructure and services are provided in
response to the needs of communities. To ensure progress in promoting
equality for all, it is essential to focus on the following aspects:
Providing basic human needs (including primary health care,

basic education, power and telecommunication).
Improving delivery of infrastructure services with emphasis on

the poor and building their capacity for sustenance.
Safe-guarding human rights and providing good governance.
Seeking private sector participation in development of areas like

tertiary education.
Building a clean and healthy environment.
In order to provide adequate educational facilities and infrastructure in all

the zones, an assessment of the existing facilities has been done for the
primary, secondary and specialised institutions in all the zones. It has
been noticed that all the zones of CDPA, excluding Old Cuttack, will
require additional educational facilities in primary and secondary level to
provide for the future population.
To ensure the progress of any region, it is important that its citizens are
healthy and have access to adequate health infrastructure. It has been
noticed that, adequate health care facilities at primary level are available
in all the zones of CDPA to cater to the present population. Also,
xli
Executive Summary
specialised hospitals to cater to the city and regional level populations
already exist in the zones of Choudwar, Old Cuttack and Bidanasi. These
health care facilities need to be augmented with increase in capacity and
availability of trained man power. Additional hospital and health care
facilities have been proposed in the new zones of Nirgundi, Nimapur,
Mundali, Barang and Gopalpur to cater to the needs of the future
population. The health infrastructure needs to be upgraded in the form of
multi specialty hospitals, health complexes and also inviting the corporate
sector to contribute to the development of this sector. Land allocations
have been made for such specialised complexes in the newly developing
zones of Barang and Nirgundi.
Other facilities which form an integral part of social infrastructure are
Telecommunication, Financial Institutions, Postal Services, Fire Services,
Recreation facilities, parks and playgrounds, etc.
Energy is the prime mover of economic growth and is vital to sustaining a
modern economy and society. As per UDPFI Guidelines, based on the
requirements of power supply, about 2 Kilo Volt Ampere (KVA) per
household per day is required at the city level and includes domestic,
commercial, industrial and other requirements. It is estimated that the
total CDPA power demand would be about 670 MVA.
The capital investment requirements for the construction of various
infrastructural facilities discussed here are based on ad hoc construction
prices. The tentative cost estimate for educational facilities is rupees 148
crores; for health care facilities, rupees 330 crores, and for other
infrastructures rupees 1842 crores.
CULTURE, RECREATION AND TOURISM

Community interest and enthusiasm may sometimes override economic
realities while considering an areas tourism potential. Commercial issues
related to tourism supply and demand, accessibility, financing options
and environmental impact all need to be taken into account along with
community needs and available resources. Krippendorf (1987) developed
a soft and humane tourism model which brings the greatest possible
benefit to all the participants the travellers, the host population and the
tourism business without causing much ecological or social damage.
Balanced tourist development has thus become a clear destination for
the decision-makers. Tourism strategies today should always strengthen
the following:
xlii
Executive Summary
Decision-makers supportive intervention
Extensive citizen involvement
Equity in participation
Efficiency in achieving the goal
Implementable projects
Cuttack being one of the ancient towns of India and earlier capital of
Orissa possesses unique development features which may be nourished
in the mainframe of Context, Time and Technology. Excellent land-water
interface, picturesque locales, rich historical landmarks, colourful
festivals, traditional art and cultural ensemble all make Cuttack
Development Plan Area a strong magnet for tourist attraction. Every year
lots of local, regional, national and international tourists arrive here to feel
the vibrant culture of the place.
Existing scenario analyses reveal that the numbers of speciality resorts,
quality tourists accommodation are much less than the expected supply.
Besides, road linkages, other facilities, safety and environmental concern
are not well integrated towards tourists convenience.
Planning for Cultural Development for CDPA, therefore, must be
attended through the augmentation of traditional cultural facilities in
distributed urban centres throughout the planning area, while also
developing the manpower and skills of its rural population. Proposals
such as the augmentation and development of Balijatra Cultural Festival
ground at Cuttack with infrastructural development for round the year
activities, Centre for Development of Ghora Naach (horse dance) and
handicrafts at Choudwar for artisan skill development and tourism
promotion, etc. will go a long way in preserving and propagating the rich
cultural heritage of the region. Religious fair and festival grounds
integrating famous Astha Shambhu (Eight Shiva) Temples in Choudwar,
including scenic spot development, traditional mason training centre for
stone art work for generating artistic interest are also envisaged.
Proposals for the augmentation of outdoor recreational facilities, such as
creation of Urban Parkway System along Taldanda Canal with landscape
continuity and hierarchy of various parks with defined uses at Cuttack are
also
suggested
for
the
overall
beautification
of
the
cityscape.
Development of green belts, plantations, parks, ghats, plazas along the

riverfront abreast the Urban set up can also invite nature in the built
environment through myriad ways. Further, Development of Barabati Fort
Tourist Complex with museum / recreational area development, Barabati
Haat and Balijatra Fair ground must be undertaken. The tip of landmass
xliii
Executive Summary
at Bidanasi - Naraj Barrage, Cuttack can also be developed as a picnic
spot with water based sports and recreation spaces etc. Also, Utkal
Ratna Bhumi- an area for the memorials of the great laureates of Orissa
can be earmarked as a memoir de cite on the banks of the river
Mahanadi. Choudwar Fort / Uttareswar Temple / Buddhalinga Temple
(Tank) Complex and large tanks like Raja and Rani Pokhari may be
developed with landscaping and environmental lighting with tourist day
service facilities highlighting benefits of water bodies in habitat.
Amusement Parks can also be developed in Chhatisa zone along with
horticulture, pisiculture, herbal parks, etc. Further, a world class cultural
hub - Kataka Kala Kosh a centre for performing art, entertainment
plazas, media complexes, convention centres, multiplexes and high-end
recreation, is proposed in the Gopalpur zone.
There is a scope for Religious Tourism with historically important temples
and other outdoor worshipping areas in the Old Cuttack zone, Charbatia
and Choudwar and other areas in the vicinity. Cultural and Heritage
Tourism with annual / seasonal traditional village fairs and festivals, folk
or tribal socio-cultural events with arts, crafts, music, dance etc, can be
promoted in the region. Nature based outdoor recreation and Eco-tourism
for hills, forest, riverfront / vast agricultural area/ village settlements with
undulating landforms including picnic spots, sightseeing, camping sites,
etc. is also possible. To this end, the development of eco-tourism with
provision of water theme parks, lagoon resorts, weekend resorts and
world class recreation centres such as club towns, golf clubs, spa resorts,
etc. has been proposed for the Mundali planning zone. Presence of all
these tourism products also calls for the growth of Adventure Tourism.
Since CDPA is surrounded by many places of tourist importance which
can be covered in a one day trip, theme based Tourist Travel Circuits,
that will result in not only the growth of commercial and recreational
amenities, but also help in generating employment and improving the
socio-economic condition of local people have been proposed. Main
tourist travel circuits for CDPA and its vicinity can be categorized as
either the Regional Circuits or the Day Travel Circuits.
The culture, recreation and tourism potential in various planning zones of
the CDPA have thus been explored and proposed in a manner that will
not only raise the potential of the region but also the economy on the
whole.
The success of tourism planning depends on the service quality
characteristics as described in the following:
xliv
Executive Summary
a) Tangibles - attractive physical environment
b) Reliability Maintaining an enticed, clean and family-friendly set
up.
c) Responsiveness
catering
to
various
customer
service
demands.
d) Communication Easy information for tourists both, in advance
or instantaneous.
e) Credibility Conservative and methodical approach that builds
its legacy.
f)
Security Safe experience and security support for tourists.
g) Competence Training of hospitality staff towards tourist care.

h) Understanding Extensive customer research and feedbacks.
i)
Access Multimodal accessibility.
New standards for tourism development have to be introduced with

contextual frame in mind but with international perspective. Cuttacks rich
cultural heritage has to be presented in a new appropriate tourist
package embracing both co-cultural feeders and contemporary leisure
standards.
HERITAGE AND CONSERVATION

The Cuttack Development Plan Area is endowed with varied historical
and cultural resources from different historical periods. The Barabati Fort
in Cuttack as well as numerous social and educational institutions of
repute indicates a rich and diverse cultural heritage of the Cuttack city
and its surrounding region. Cuttack has a rich tradition of intangible
heritage. Traditional crafts and art form like filigree, textile, horn and
brass work, Ghora Naach a folk dance form, festivals like Balijatra have
much potential. There were drama and Yatra groups which have lost their
popularity. A distinctive feature of Cuttack is the Cantonment area with
majestic colonial structures churches, schools, bungalows from the
colonial period located in a quiet green area along the riverfront.
Also important is a unique natural resource of long stretches of river
fronts that are intricately related with rich traditions and cultural heritage
of CDPA. The river fronts along with the cultural sites and built heritage
offer an enormous potential for exclusive river front development to cater
to local people as well as tourists and visitors.
All these heritage sites have immense historical and cultural values. Only
a very few monuments and structures within CDPA region are protected
xlv
Executive Summary
by ASI and State Archeology. Most are unlisted. Many structures,
especially institutional and religious structures continue to be in active
use and are taken care of by government organizations or private bodies.
However, unsympathetic treatment and ad hoc modification often pose a
serious problem. In absence of a systematic inventory and formal / legal
tools to preserve living heritage, quite a few heritage structures have
been demolished.
In recent time, many old buildings - schools and
churches have been demolished to give place to new structures.

Of the innumerable historical structures and cultural precincts, areas of
cultural and natural significance, some areas and specific stretches of
river front emerge as most outstanding and deserve special attention.
Zone 2:Choudwar Fort, Zone 7:Barabati Fort, Cantonment
Judiciary Complex.
Area,
These areas have been proposed as Special
Heritage Zones.
Specific stretches of river front are delineated as special development
areas. Activities proposed are city level open spaces, parks, fair ground,
recreational
areas,
cultural
complex,
commercial
development,
institutional areas, resorts, hotels and residential complex. Specific urban

design guidelines need to be formulated to develop the river banks into
attractive zones.
The traditional crafts and art form such as filigree, textile, horn and brass
work, Ghora Naach a folk dance form, festivals like Balijatra,
performing arts and theatre groups can be projected at national and
international forums. An area in Bidanasi near Barabati Fort has been
earmarked for Craft village as well as a Centre for promotion of filgree
works at an international level.
To conserve the natural, built and cultural heritage resources of CDPA,
focus should be on redevelopment and rejuvenation of the heritage
resources in a holistic manner. CDPA is languishing behind the emerging
eminence of Bhubaneswar as the major capital complex. Conservation
and development policies must be geared towards reversal of this trend.
CDPA, with its invaluable cultural and natural heritage resources, must
develop a unique identity that complements BDPA in its path of future
development.
ENVIRONMENT & DISASTER

The high concentrations of many air pollutants, mainly the Suspended
Particulate Matter (SPM), deteriorate the quality of air environment in
xlvi
Executive Summary
Cuttack. It was reported that SPM concentrations in general are
exceeding the prescribed standard limits. The Respirable Particulate
Matter (RPM) concentrations at many places like Badambadi Chhak and
Kanika Chhak exceeds the standard limits. It was reported that the
vehicular front is the major contributor to the air pollution scenario. The
noise levels in most of the areas are generally high indicating a noisy
environment.
In general, the characteristics of ground water confirms to moderate
quality. But the presence of iron and Coliforms are reported above
permissible limit in many of the open and tube wells.
The quality of human life in the study area is impacted by the quality of
air they breathe, water they drink, and the environment they live in. It is
important to have meaningful interactions between the public, industries
and the authorities to provide sustainable alternatives to reduce the
industrial pollution and provide a clean air environment for healthy
habitations. The results of water quality analysis of drinking water
sources reveal that both surface and ground water requires treatment
before supply. The water quality in the rivers shows a decreasing trend
with lower quality levels at some points. In general, care should be taken
to see that the river is not polluted above its carrying capacity. The open
defecation in the rural and semi-urban areas may contribute to the
surface water or well water pollution. So, necessary steps may be
initiated to construct low cost community latrines in these areas,
especially in the slums, to solve these problems. The control on industrial
pollution and conservation of water resources of the area are equally
critical in imparting the desired quality to human life.
The Cuttack Development Plan Area has been prone to both natural and
man-made disasters. Natural disaster like wind hazard is a regular
feature although cyclones are less frequent. The CDPA is also vulnerable
to earthquakes. It comes under Moderate Damage Risk Zone- MSK VII of
Earthquake. Though most of the areas are protected with embankment,
the CDPA also has threats of floods in some of the areas.
It is therefore necessary, to reduce the consequences of natural disasters
through Planning and subsequently preparing a list of guidelines for the
major urban communities so that the local capacity is strengthened and
they are prepared to respond to natural disasters.
Some of the proposals for disaster mitigation are:
Soil sensitive design,
xlvii
Executive Summary
Reinforcing basements,
Real-time information updates in GIS,
Proper utilization of open spaces,
Setting up of disaster resistant shelters,
A thick plantation belt along river fronts,
Flood plain management,
Flood forecasting and Warning,
Rainwater harvesting to be made mandatory,
Buildings designed on stilts, and
Mapping of yearly flood pattern
DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT AND FINANCE

Implementation of Perspective Plan for Cuttack Development Plan Area
(CDPA) would entail establishment of new infrastructure and upgradation
of existing ones. Projects that include new construction, as well as, major
improvement of existing roads and interchanges, installation or
replacement of infrastructure (water, sewer, storm drainage, electrical,
telephone)
networks,
re-development
of
slum
areas
including
construction of large number of residential units for the growing

population, provision of new industrial sites, regional and local
commercial complexes, transport terminals, entertainment complexes,
tourism facilities, provision of open spaces and solid waste management,
fire services etc, need to be implemented and then managed properly for
delivering services to beneficiaries.
The plan proposals are statements of intention, or at best, a guiding
framework which need to be translated into a set of implementable
projects. Then, the projects need to be prioritised, suitably packaged and
the phasing of implementation determined.
The concerned agencies in the Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA)
include Cuttack Development Authority (CDA), Cuttack Municipal
Corporation (CMC), Choudwar Municipality and CDA Rural i.e.
Panchayat Samitis. Coordination among various agencies for providing
infrastructure and services in the urban areas requires consideration on a
priority basis. Execution has to be done in a planned and coordinated
manner. There is an evident need to streamline the responsibility of the
functions of the participating agencies. There is no single organisation or
body really accountable for the entire BCUC area. Therefore, it is
proposed to create a single body, i.e., BCUC Metro Authority
xlviii
Executive Summary
encompassing both BDAs and CDAs areas. The Chief Minister (CM) of
Orissa should play the key role as chairman of the BCUC Metro
Authority.
The Proposed CDP should look into:
Redefining the role and responsibilities of BCUC
The Municipalities and other urban areas must augment their

status of Governance and strengthen capacity building.
It is expected that some of the non-municipal areas will attain

municipal status.
It is further expected that proposed distribution of development

will also suggest creation of new municipalities.
The principals of high impact governance have been prioritized to:
Create the right structure
Streamline key processes
Increase dialogue with citizens
Institute a report card system for all agencies
The proposed Land Use Policy has evolved adhering to the requirements
of the planning area in favor of flexible land use, which reaps the
synergies between workplace, residence and transportation as well as
between complementary vocations.
Ideally, land use should be
responsive to the dynamics of market.

The contents or proposals of the Comprehensive Development Plan
outlining the development of various areas suggested through Land Use
Zoning or Development Promotion Guidelines serves as a legal
instrument for planning and execution.
It may be noted that while adopting the land use classification, the three
major norms were reviewed i.e.
1. BDA guidelines adopted for Comprehensive Development Plan
for Bhubaneswar Development Authority (Planning and Building
Standards) Regulations-2008
2. Cuttack
Development
Authority
(Planning
and
Building
3. Urban Development Plans Formulation and Implementation
(UDPFI) guidelines
After review and evaluation of the 3 sets of norms, norms have been
adopted, with minor changes in the classification.
xlix
Executive Summary
Infrastructure financing requires long-term lending, whereas the normal
borrowing in the Indian capital and debt market is short-term only.
Financial Institutions would need a mix of resources and a balanced
combination of lending portfolio constituting both long and short-term
fund. Some of such suggested mechanisms are listed below.
i. Consortium Finances
ii. Development Authority Bond or Municipal Bond
iii. Project Initialisation Fund / Project Development Fund
iv. Foreign Direct Investment
v. Leveraging Insurance Sector Funds
vi. Special Economic Zone
vii. Public Private Partnership
viii. BCUC Capital Infrastructure Fund
It is proposed to create a dedicated BCUC capital infrastructure fund with
an annual funding of Rs.1000 crores to attract debt and private finance.
This could mobilise about Rs.20, 000 crores during the next 20 years, of
which Rs.5000 will be made for CDPA.
Property tax, being the single largest source of revenue, adequate efforts
needs to be provided on this score. Special Development Districts
(SDD)s should be created to make major investments in infrastructure
and services and formulate different Development Control Regulations.
There should also be imposition of User Charges i.e., cost recovery
through direct charges to beneficiaries.
FUTURE LANDUSE PROPOSAL AND ZONING REGULATIONS

The Comprehensive Development Plan provides strategic framework for
land use planning in the Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA), for
shaping its future towards Vision-2030. It sets out the spatial strategy for
11 planning sub-zones, as identified in the Perspective Plan to address
the different needs of each area. The priority set out for each planning
zone is based on and supported by the policies in this plan. The common
aim is to actively manage changes within CDPA limit to deliver a better
quality of life and environment.
The land use proposal assumed that all the planning zones will be self
sufficient with all social and physical infrastructural facilities to serve the
future population.
Executive Summary
To promote a balanced and integrated growth, the entire CDPA has been
divided into 3 portions:
The Northern Fringe,
The Central Millennium City, and
The Southern Fringe.
The allocation of activities in space has led to the concept of specialised

activity Hubs in the various zones. The different Hubs are spread out
throughout the CDPA and they are representative of the specialised
activities with respect to CDPA as well as the BCUC region.
It has been observed that while analyzing the innumerable complex
variables involved in the dynamic process of urban development, a
unique and interesting phenomenon has evolved which has been
pragmatically and physically interpreted while allocating the different land
uses in the various zones. Thus, 10 different use areas have been
identified formulating the future spatial structures with concentration of
urban activities such as the Public/semi-public Areas, Residential Areas,
Institutional Areas, Commercial Areas, Industrial Areas, Transportation
Areas, Special Areas, Recreational Areas, Eco-sensitive Areas and
Riverfront Areas.
It is important to remember that the future spatial structure recommended
here can be achieved, as visualized, and realised through the combined
effort of the public authority as well as the private sector. Therefore
efforts are made through this CDP for the CDPA to;
i. Indicate the needed direction of development in different parts of the
CDPA in context of the BCUC region.
ii. Indicate future areas of employment, housing, heritage and
recreation.
iii. Indicate the pattern of the spatial structure plan and to realise the
vision for Cuttack as a world class cultural and commercial center of
the eastern region.
iv. Indicate the areas of investment and also the heritage and cultural
values, thereby making CDPA a complete package for varied kinds
of investments within the various planning zones.
v. Envisage an overall balanced and integrated development for
CDPA, making it an integral part of the entire BCUC State Capital
Region.
li
Executive Summary
A study of spatial distribution of the proposed Comprehensive
Development Plan reveals specialised use in various zones. However,
the proposed aggregate land use distribution of CDPA shows Residential
land use as 25.01%, Commercial land use as 4.28%, Industrial land use
as 5.47%, Public and Semi-Public land use as 10.26%, Utilities and
Services land use as 1.06%, Recreational land use as 4.81%,
Transportation land use as 11.6%, Agriculture and Forest land use as
4.00%, Water Bodies use as 27.77%, Special Heritage use as 2.12% and
Environmentally Sensitive use as 3.61% of the total 302.17 sq. km of
land area of CDPA.
To promote public health, safety and the general social welfare of the
community, it is necessary to apply reasonable limitation on the use of
land and buildings. This is to ensure that the most appropriate
economical and healthy development of the city takes place in
accordance with the land use plan. For this purpose, the City is divided
into a number of Use Zones.
Various use zones namely Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Public
and Semi-Public, Utilities and Services, Recreational, Transportation,
Agricultural, Water bodies and Special Areas having their location as
indicated in the Comprehensive Development Plan for Cuttack
Development Planning Area (CDPA) shall be regulated and guided.
Besides the Activities Permitted for each of the 10 land use zones, it also
contains the buildings/premises which could be allowed upto 30% of the
area on an application to the Competent Authority, if such sites do not
form a part of the plan. Such use/activity is termed as Permissible on
Application
to
Competent
Authority
(with
conditions/on
special
consideration). The uses/activities which are otherwise not allowed in a

particular use zone are termed as Activities/Uses Prohibited.
The draft Comprehensive Development Plan shall be finalised through
the following procedures.
a) Feedback from the stakeholders
b) Statutory
obligation
(i.e.
publication
and
hearing
of
objections/suggestions)
Government will constitute a Board of Enquiry to hear all the objections
and suggestions. After considering all objections/suggestions that may
have been received by the authority and after giving reasonable
opportunity of being heard, to any person, including representatives of
government department and authorities who have made requests of
lii
Executive Summary
being so heard, the authority shall finally prepare the Comprehensive
Development Plan and submit to the state government for approval.
The Board of Enquiry report will be submitted to the government for
review and approval.
The regulations governing minimum size of plot, maximum plot coverage,
minimum set backs on four sides of the buildings, minimum road widths,
maximum number of floors and maximum height of structures that could
be permitted in various zones are set out in Annexure-I appended to
these regulations.
The CDPA is comprised of 156 villages. Zone wise village list is
described in Annexure II. The village wise proposed maps will form part
of the CDP and will be sequentially numbered zone wise.
INVESTMENT PLAN
Sectoral plans for Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA) give a rough
estimate of investment to be undertaken. Although this is just an
indicative investment plan, it would be imperative to find out sources of
enhanced capital finances to be able to carry out the required investment.
Sustenance of capital expenditure in terms of operation and maintenance
of assets created becomes all the more important and this calls for
looking at the recurrent revenue options.
Sector-wise investment plan for all the sectors covering traffic and
transportation, housing, physical infrastructure, social infrastructure,
tourism and heritage have been estimated.
The CDPA Comprehensive Development Plan will require a total public
and private sector investment of around Rs.18,940 crores during the next
25 years.
However, of this total tentative capital investment amount for all sectors,
an approximate amount of Rs.5,000 crores will be public investment. This
fund will be raised through a specially created BCUC Infrastructure Fund.
Balance requirement will be met from long term Loan, Public Private
Partnership Projects, Capital finance through devolution of fund, User
Charges, increased and reformed Tax base and improved Collection.
liii
Introduction
Introduction & Broad Objectives
1.1
Introduction
The Department of Architecture and Regional Planning, Indian Institute of

Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur) submitted the long term
Perspective Plan for BhubaneswarCuttack Urban Complex and provide
vision to the anticipated development for the target year 2030 in
November 2006.
In the Perspective Plan, broad level strategies and policies on various
aspects of urban development were provided. To translate these broad
level strategies into implementable medium term planning proposals,
Comprehensive Development Plans are formulated within the framework
prescribed in the Perspective Plan document.
In this context Department of Architecture and Regional Planning, Indian
Institute of Technology Kharagpur has also been requested to prepare
Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) conforming to the statutory
requirements detailed out in The Orissa Development Authority Act,
1982, separately for Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area (BDPA) and
Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA).
It should be noted that the Comprehensive Development Plan for the
respective planning areas could only be initiated after receipt of the GIS
based land use map in 1:4000 scale by the ORSAC and also after the
interim framework of Perspective Plan for the Bhubaneswar - Cuttack
Urban Complex was accepted by the Government of Orissa. This has led
to the current Schedule of submission of the Draft Comprehensive
Development Plan for Cuttack Development Plan Area.
1.2
Broad
Objective
Development Plan
of
the
Comprehensive
The purpose of the Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) is to

provide further necessary details and intended actions in form of
strategies and physical proposals for various policies given in the
Perspective Plan depending upon the economic/social needs and
aspirations of the people, available resources and priorities.
The main objectives of the CDP are:
1.
To generate the up-to-date existing urban land use map of the area
using revenue maps and recent period satellite imageries using GIS
technology in 1:4000 scale.
2.
To formulate a meaningful physical development Plan to regulate

and guide the urban growth in the region by 2030 A.D. in a planned
and healthy manner as per the provisions indicated in ODA Act,
1982 and ODA Rule, 1983.
Introduction
1.3
The Vision
The Vision
CDPA stands unique, in the state of Orissa, as a major urban commercial

complex and has always led the region into an economic exchange zone.
The Perspective Plan recommends a major thrust in the economic activity
of this region, which essentially would open up avenues for investments,
opportunities of employment. Keeping this in mind, we have the following
vision for the CDPA area in its CDP:
1. A region that is focused on the cultural integrity for its entire people
must be economically healthy, with a broad mix of employment
opportunity.
2. Comprehensive Development Plan must capitalize on its unique
setting as a hub of commercial activity as well as institutional
functions like High Court, hospital, educational institutions along with
modernization of industrial activities in and around Choudwar.
3. Comprehensive Development Plan must show real commitment to
providing equal opportunity to all its citizens and government partners
to share in its livability. This means that in the design of its built
environment, priorities should be given to peoples conveniences,
safety, mobility etc.
4. Comprehensive Development Plan must ensure that the CDPA
continues to carefully preserve its historical heritage and its unique
riverfront.
5. The planning effort should make the most efficient use of the CDPAs
abundant land resource in order to accommodate future population
and employment growth.
1.4
Planning Area at a Glance (2001 Census)
Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA) comprising of Cuttack

Municipal Corporation, Choudwar Municipality and its adjoining rural
areas, has a population of 6.67 lakhs (according to the 2001 census) and
stretches over 302.17 sq.kms.
Table 1.1: Planning Area at a Glance
Total Population
Urban Population
%age of Urban Population
No. of House Holds
Total
Urban
Rural
House Hold Size

Sex Ratio
Percentage of Child Population to total population
Literacy Rate (age 7+ years)
%age of Workforce
Area Under Jurisdiction (sq. km.)
Density (person/sq. km.)
Orissa
36804660
5517238
14.99
7738065
1119518
6618547
4.8
972
14.56
63.08
38.55
155707
236
BCUC
1524108
1346660
88.36
309757
276760
32997
4.9
850
11.07
85.18
31.88
721.27
2113
CDPA
666702
587788
88.16
126221
111439
14782
5.28
877
11.00
83.85
31.62
302.17
2206
% Share in BCUC
43.74
43.65
40.75
40.27
44.80
43.43
43.39
41.89
-
Introduction
1.5
The Cuttack-Choudwar region of CDPA has been experiencing a

consistent population growth rate (32%), higher population density (2206
pp/sq.km) and expanding workforce (31.62%) with high literacy rate
(83.85%) having a large household size (5.28) all lending momentum for
creation of an investment friendly environment. It is becoming a centre for
all kinds of commercial activity, industrial activity and goods exchange
with varied skilful employment.
However, CDPA is also experiencing the downside of its incredible
success. High density urban sprawl has made its core urbanized area
congested within its limited geographical area bounded between two
rivers: Mahanadi and Kathajodi. The street system are getting choked
with unauthorized encroachment and traffic congestions, the open
drainage system appear to be non-functioning, especially during
monsoons, water sources and storage capacity appear to be insufficient
for all future demand, large part of the area having no sewerage system,
requirement of about 2,68,759 dwelling units including current backlog,
quantitative and qualitative shortage.
There is an often stark divide in the developmental pattern of growth
between the northern part of CDPA, i.e. Nirgundi-Chowduar region with
insufficiency in infrastructure, and part of Nimapur with slow growth and
the central part of CDPA i.e. CMC area having high density, no growth,
and the southern part of slow growth CDPA rural area, consisting of
Mundali, Barang and Gopalpur. It is a problem of unbalanced growth
between old and new township, partly planned and unplanned parts of
the CDPA region. Moreover agricultural activities are still going on in the
intervening spaces causing a lot of conflict between farmers and real
estate developers. The challenges of unequal or imbalanced growth of
CDPA are to be resolved. It is clear that the leapfrog growth trends in the
CDPA region are creating impediments for transforming the villages to a
planned township and thereby isolating the slow-growing communities
from the regional accessibility. If left unchecked, the pattern of
development in this region will permanently affect its environmental
assets.
CDPA has one powerful tool to address its anomalous sprawl problemi.e creation of a logistic hub, SEZ for industries, with a strong emphasis
on all type of public institutions and recreational nodes as envisaged in
the Perspective Plan. Therefore the CDP should address the following
goals;
1. Promote a strong, sustainable economy
2. Provide quality housing for existing backlog and projected population
3. Improve mobility, accessibility and transportation alternatives to
provide for the safe and efficient movement of people and goods
4. Provide adequate community facilities, services and utilities consistent
with the future land use plan
Introduction
The Purpose of CDP
5. Provide flexibility in development design and control guidelines that

reflects the growing needs and desires of the community
6. Control the pace of development through availability of developable
land and adequate infra-structure
7. Co-ordinate efficient and effective use of governmental and nongovernmental resources at all levels to improve the quality of life for
the citizens.
1.6
The Purpose of CDP
For Physical planning to be successful, it must develop a consensus on

sound principles while balancing the visionary with the realistic. It is also
the basis for taking day to day decisions on land use conversion that
follow an optimistic and hopeful long term vision. More pragmatically, the
CDP would create more job opportunity, raise aspiration, and contribute
to the entrepreneurial spirit of the people of Cuttack-Choudwar.
According
to
the
Orissa
Development
Authority
Act,
1982,
Comprehensive Development Plan;

1. shall define the various zones into which the land covered by the
Comprehensive Development Plan may be divided for the purpose of
development and indicate the manner in which the land in each zone
is proposed to be used (whether by the carrying out thereon of
development or otherwise) and the stages by which any such
development shall be carried out;
2. Serve as a basic pattern of framework within which the Zonal
Development Plan of the various zones may be prepared.
Using the provision of the act and the rule of ODA, these will comprise of:
1. Reports on physical and socio-economic aspects
2. Preparing sets of functional plans supported by maps, charts and
diagrams on;
a. Land use
b. Traffic and Transportation
c. Housing
d. Public Utilities
e. Environmental Improvement
f. Education, Research and other community facilities
g. Plantations, city forests etc.
h. Heritage and Tourism
i. Management of water bodies
j. Financial aspect
k. Administrative structures.
l. Zoning Regulation with specific emphasis on natural hazard
prone zone areas.
3. Investment Plan and Action Plan
4. Digital proposed land use plan translated over revenue map in GIS
format.
Introduction
1.7
The process of developing a CDP required significant time to prepare

and update the maps and information through discussion, research and
public hearing. It is an iteration of various steps starting with assessing
existing condition, revising data base, developing new vision, forming
various management programmes, allocating budget and scheme
implementation. All interested stakeholders have been involved to ensure
incremental implementation of all the schemes for which the CDP
address the following sectors of development within the CDPA limit:
Demography
Economy
Housing & Slums
Environment
Development Management
The preparation of the Comprehensive Development Plan started with

the assessment of the existing conditions and accounting for the potential
resources and constraints. Thereafter, development priorities were set
for the particular urban area taking into consideration of the socioeconomic needs.
The formulation of the Comprehensive Development Plan for the
development area started after status analysis and consideration of the
prime issues as indicated in the following six stages as stated below:
Stage-1: The Perspective Plan had delineated CDPA into 11 planning
zones considering mainly, drainage network, transportation network,
ground water prospect, vegetable index, land use land cover, physical
boundary and administrative boundary. These 11 planning zones were
then superimposed with the mouza boundaries and plot boundaries.
Stage-2: The study of existing land use of the 11 planning zones was
carried out. After the required land use study and analysis, the existing
central functions in the various zones were identified. This helped in the
assessment of the type and quantum of the various central functions and
land uses in the planning zones.
Stage-3: Subsequently identification of vacant land as well as plot wise
ownership (Public & Private) of the planning zones was carried out. Also
the potential locations for distribution of land uses/central functions in the
various planning zones were evaluated.
Introduction
Stage-4: The allocation of types, quantum and distribution of land uses

and central functions was estimated in various planning zones as per the
Perspective Plan.
Stage-5: Consisted of the implementation mechanism with respect to
legal, administrative & financial aspects. The aspects necessarily
included Fiscal Planning, Implementation Agencies, and Administrative
Planning reforms in the present setup/new administrative set-up for
BCUC, development rules & regulations for future growth etc.
Stage-6: Prepared the future land use plan and their zone wise
distribution and subsequently formulated zoning regulations for the 11
planning zones as per the ODA Act. Development cost of the CDP is
organised through estimated investment plan.
1.8
The

Comprehensive
Development
Plan
document
of
Cuttack
Development Plan Area has been divided into fifteen chapters and
structured in a sequence to organize the Plan document.
The first chapter has explained the broad objectives, purpose and the
process of the CDP in light of the vision for the development of the
CDPA, with an overview of the planning issues in the area. The second
chapter provides an overview of the Cuttack Development Plan Area with
respect to administrative jurisdiction, geographical setting, topography,
climate, soil, water resource, socio-economic characteristics, nature of
development and landform, chronological growth of settlement, economy,
traffic
and transportation, housing,
physical
infrastructure, social
infrastructure, cultural, recreation and tourism and heritage and

conservation. The third chapter explains the existing land use & land
ownership in CDPA of all the 11 delineated planning zones as per the
Perspective Plan of CDPA. The fourth chapter outlines the Planning
Strategy of the proposed plan and integrates the Functional Structure for
the achievement of the same.
The chapters fifth to thirteenth give the policies of development and
sectoral plans of the various aspects namely Population & economic
perspective, Traffic & Transportation, Housing & Slums, Physical
Infrastructure, Social Infrastructure, Culture, Recreation and Tourism,
Heritage and Conservation, Environment and Development Management
respectively, because development in a comprehensive sense requires
improvement in socio-cultural, economic, administrative and physical
dimensions of a society. The fourteenth chapter outlines the Future Land
Use with the potential locations for distribution of population, land uses
and central functions in the various planning zones through the
assessment of the type and quantum of the various central functions and
land uses in the planning zones. While the fifteenth chapter deliberates
with the financial implication of the plan including suggested guidelines of
resource mobilization in the form of Investment Plan.
CDPA An Overview
Introduction & Administrative
2.1
Introduction
The planning process required an in-depth understanding of the study

area. Various natural and man-made features, development trend and
distribution, etc. are necessities that have adequate insight and
magnitude to the planning issues.
During preparation of the Perspective Plan, consultants has carried out
exhaustive survey and data compilation. The Socio-Economic Survey
Report and the Status Report has deliberated on the study area in
various forms and contexts.
In this chapter, we have avoided presentation and description of the
study area to a greater extent. Only few basic information has been
described here for an independent reading of the report. The
Comprehensive Plan has largely relied on the Socio-Economic Survey
Report and the Status Report with few new surveys being conducted..
2.2
Administrative Jurisdiction
Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA) is comprised within the Cuttack

District of Orissa. Cuttack is one of the oldest cities in India and the
commercial Capital of Orissa. The city of the Fort situated at the apex of
a delta formed by the river Mahanadi on the north and its distributory, the
Kathajodi on the south. It is the second largest city in Orissa. CDPA area
includes other two distributaries like Birupa and Kuakhai surpassing
through its adjoining rural areas. It lies on the western fringe of the midcoastal plain of Orissa with an average elevation of 14.62 meters above
the sea-level.
Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA), being a part of Orissa District
Head-quarter, has been formed by a process of amalgamation and
annexation
of
Cuttack
Municipal
Corporation
(CMC),
Choudwar
Municipality and CDPA Rural areas.

There are 4 blocks in Cuttack district (Table 2.1). CDPA area consists of
1 Municipal Corporation, namely Cuttack (48 wards) and the Choudwar
Municipality (28 wards) (Table 2.2, Map 2.1) besides 60 villages (Map
2.2).
The planning area is transforming towards a new identity apart from its
cultural heritage, as a major centre for information technology,
educational and research organisation and attracting millions of migrants
both from its adjoining districts as well as from other parts of India.
CDPA An Overview
Table 2.1: Tahsils and Police Stations in CDPA

District
Tahsil
Athagarh
Cuttack
Cuttack
Salepur
Tangi -Choudwar
Police Station
Villages
Bidanasi
Bidanasi
Cantonment
Chauliaganj
Cuttack Sadar
52
Lalbagh
Madhupatana
Malgodam
Mangalabagh
Purighat
Salepur
Choudwar
45
Tangi
15
156
Total
Source: www.bhulekh.ori.nic.in
Table 2.2: Municipalities and Wards in CDPA

Municipal Corp./Municipality
Revenue Villages
Wards
Area
Cuttack Municipal Corporation
70
48
118.70
Choudwar Municipality
25
28
35.82
CDPA Rural
60
147.65
Total
155
76
302.17
2. 3
CDPA is situated in between 202125 N to 203435 N latitude and

854358 E to 855900 E longitude. The maximum breadth from east to
west is around 25 kms, while the maximum length from north to south is
about 24 kms. The area is bounded by part of Tangi-Choudwar block on
the north; Bhubaneswar block on the South; Athagarh and Dampara
block on the west and Salepur and Cuttack Sadar block on the east
(Map-2.3). The Central area includes Old Cuttack bracketed between
Kathajodi River towards its west & south; Mahanadi River towards its
east and north.
Human settlements and activities are very much dependent on
geomorphologic settings. Indeed, the nature of topographic features
control land use. The development of various types of topographic
features is strongly controlled by the lithologic composition of the ground,
tectonic features developed in the rocks, climate & activity of many
geological agents.
CDPA An Overview
Topography, Climate
2.4
Topography
Cuttack city at the apex of the Mahanadi delta, bounded by Mahanadi in

the north and by its tributary Kathjori in the south is saucer-shaped in its
geographical formation. In earlier times there were many ponds which
use to retain & moderate storm water runoff into the drain. These ponds
were eventually filled and became low lying areas with little scope for
natural drainage (Fig 2.1).
Fig-2.1: Topographic Profiles of Orissa
2.5
Climate
The CDPA is situated to the south of the Tropic of Cancer and is located
in the coastal plains of Orissa for which it receives the moderating
influence of Bay of Bengal. As it is situated in the monsoon belt, the
climate of the planning area is mostly of monsoon type with slight
variation because of a strong maritime influence.
2.5.1 Temperature
The planning area experiences a hot and humid climate in summer,
characterized by temperature going up as high as above 42 C. Summer
starts at the end of March, the effect of which is felt till the middle of June
when monsoon sets in.
A dry and cold climate in winter, with mercury dipping to as low as below
10 C, is experienced between November and beginning of January.
CDPA An Overview
Soil, Water Resources
The most ideal climate is experienced between middle of January to the

middle of March, with temperatures ranging a minimum of 22.2 C and a
maximum of 33.4 C.
2.5.2 Rainfall
The annual average rainfall varies from 1557.20 mm over the planning
area. The rainfall distribution can broadly be divided into two main
seasons viz. dry season (Nov-May) and wet season (Jun-Oct). It is
observed that 80% of total rainfall occurs between months of Jun-Oct.
The relative humidity is 74% which prevails almost throughout the year
and which varies from more than 50% in rainy season to less than 35%
during the month of December. During the rainy season most of the
rainfall is cyclonic, when depressions originate in the Bay of Bengal &
move towards the east coast of India and enter the landmass between
Paradeep and Chandabali causing considerable rainfall and floods.
2.5.3
Wind
The wind velocity is moderate throughout the year and it becomes

stronger during the south west monsoon. During the south-west
monsoon, the average wind speed is 15 kms per hour and it drops to only
5-10 kms per hour in October.
From October to January, the wind
direction is from North East to South West and the direction is reversed
during South West monsoon when it is from South West to North East.
During November to February, the prevailing wind direction is from NorthNorth East to South- South West.
2.6
Soil
Different types of soil are observed in different topographical,

hydrological as well as geological condition within the CDPA. The texture
of the soil is clay loam. The lithology of Cuttack zone is divided into
alluvial formation, Laterite, granite gneiss and sandstone. This alluvial
ground is not very suitable for large structures having very low bearing
capacity (1 ton/sq.ft.). Mostly the levees are sandy soils where as the
back swamps are of clayey soils.
The area near Kathajodi-Mahanadi flood plain is mostly alluvial in nature
and not suitable for large construction. The North western part of the
Cuttack planning zone contains laterite soil, which is not very suitable for
agriculture purpose.
2.7
Water Resources
The river system in CDPA includes the Mahanadi, Kathajodi, Kuakhai

and Birupa rivers. The other rivers, practically, dry up in the hot months.
10
CDPA An Overview
Flora and Fauna
There are also many tanks, wells, and swamps found all over the area.
Besides, there are innumerable Canals of Mahanadi and its tributaries
cutting across the area. Taldanda Canal and Puri Main Canal has been
formed out of Mahanadi whereas, Kendrapara Main Canal and
Pattamundai Main Canal from Birupa River. Many natural drains in the
area have now been converted to Nullah. The iron content in ground
water is quite high in the whole area rendering it unfit for daily
consumption.
2.8
Flora and Fauna
Sal, Babul, Acasia, Bel, Siris, Tinia, Tenta, Dharua, Kanchan, Arakh
Sunari, Chankunda, Jhaun, Amba, Babula, Karanja, Debadaru, Amla,
Sijju, Dimiri, Pipal, Saguan, Tentuli, Barakoli, Jack Fruit, Neem are the
plan species of the study area. Tulsi, Bel, Amla, Babool, etc. are the
medicinal plants found in the study area. Common birds, mammals,
rodents, reptiles and fishes area also found in the area. No endangered
species of plants and animals has been found in the study area.
2.9
Socio-Economic Characteristics
The purpose of Socio-Economic Survey (2006) is to arise at a socioeconomic profile for the CDPA based on a household survey. This profile
of statistical information aids in the preparation of the Comprehensive
Development Plan. Major findings considered include, demography,
infrastructure, environment, socio-economic profile and other benchmark
information in the household sector in detail. It is not a study on merely
facts and figures alone but a need-driven and result oriented approach.
Major findings of the Survey are:
1. Majority of families in CDPA belong to joint family (40%).
2. Around 95% of household are Oriya speaking.
3. Around 96% of the populations are Hindu.
4. 57% belong to general category, 27% to OBC, 15% SC and 1%
ST category.
5. 34% of migration in CDPA is from within the state of Orissa, rest
account for migration from neighboring states and some even
from Nepal and Bangladesh.
6. About 78% household own their residences, and a huge
majority reside in single storied houses (73%).There are some
240 slum pockets in CDPA.
11
CDPA An Overview
Nature of Development & Landform
7. The urban area is largely electrified (92% hh) while 76% of

household in rural areas have electricity.
8. Around 27% household have own water supply taps.
9. 8% areas of CDPA are covered by sewerage connection.
10. Average sex ratio in CDPA is 902.
The above findings indicate that the people of Cuttack are culturally
rooted with the soil.
2.10
Nature of Development and Land form
There are several factors that explain the east-west sporadic growth of
CDPA. The land in CDPA is formed under a distinct geomorphology and
soil condition consisting of alluvial soil, thereby restricting large scale
high-rise structure at every place. The slope of land is mostly away from
the river making the natural drainage difficult. An overview of the region
depicts that the utilization of planned infrastructure is pretty high in
Cuttack compared to Choudwar municipality area. The population density
in Cuttack city is very high and largely the planning area is rural in
character. The broad land use map of CDPA reveals that the densely
built up urban areas exist only in older part of Cuttack, with built
concentration getting thinned down along the transport corridors.
2.11
Chronological growth of settlement
In 989 A.D., Raja Nirupa Keshori first located his capital on the site of
existing Cuttack town. King Ananga Bhima Deva III (1211-1238) also
chose this place as his capital and built a new town on the left bank of
Mahanadi and named it Baranasi Kataka owing to its location between
the rivers Mahanadi and its distributary Kathajodi. He constructed the
Barabati Fort and converted it into a Military cantonment. Thus, Cuttack
started as military cantonment and then developed into a city as a result
of the sprawl of seven villages. Cuttack continued to be the capital of
different Hindu dynasty till the reign of the last independent King of
Orissa, Mukunda Deva. During the rule of the Marahattas (1747-1802)
Cuttack greatly prospered as an emporium of trade and become the
central market of exchange between the Marahattas of Nagpur territory
and the English merchants of Bengal and northern India. In 1855-56 the
famous famine and flood brought misery to the people of Cuttack. After
the famine, the Government gave serious thought to improve
communications and to open up Cuttack with its hinterland by means of
roads and canals. The Taldanda canal, the Kendrapara canal, the
Machgaon canal, the Gobari and the Pattamundai canals were
12
CDPA An Overview
Economy
constructed. A number of important roads like Jagannath Trunk Road,

Cuttack-Sambalpur, Cuttack-Chandabali, Cuttack Taldanda and CuttackSonepur road were also constructed about this time. The Cuttack
Municipality was constructed in 1874.
The city has been growing slowly during the last decade, due to its
spatial constriction on its future growth directions as well as its unplanned
city structure. The city has passed through various stages of growth, from
unorganized sector to the development in organized sector (1956-76)
thereby reaching
the
present
day
development
of
vast
urban
agglomeration. Each of the phases of growth has left a distinct mark on

the citys profile. Apart from Cuttack, few Class II towns have also
flourished in this region having strategic importance in the functioning of
Urban Complex, namely Choudwar municipality. All of them grew with
mono functions over the time. Apart from above two urban centers, there
are large numbers of rural settlements in the intervening areas having
scanty agricultural activities are slowly getting engulfed by the real estate
developers.
Choudwar is the Industrial Hub-cum-Tehsil Headquarter. Prior to 1951,
Choudwar was a small village on the north bank of the river Birupa,
opposite to Cuttack. It contains the ruins of an ancient fort, the walls of
which are still traceable. It has achieved the status of Municipality. Before
hand, it was an N.A.C from 1961. In the post-independence period,
established numbers of large scale industries like Orissa Textile Mills
(OTM) Ltd., Titagarh Paper Mills Ltd., Kalinga Tubes etc. The main
functions of the town are industrial, transport, communication, trade &
commerce. It has enough scope for growth of other Governmental,
Commercial, Institutional activities.
2.12
Economy
Previously in Cuttack, communities were mostly isolated and they had to

produce within itself all the goods needed. Their rigid concept of
economic base has undergone many a change. Owing to the rapid
development in transportation, they started to produce consumer goods
for the local consumption as well as for others.
The Cuttack has rich tradition of handicrafts and cottage industries. The
industrial culture on manufacture of handicraft goods has been evolved
since seventeenth century. Particularly silver filigree, horn works, pata
chitra and dokra casting are famous throughout the country.
Choudwar got locational advantage for industrial growth. Kalinga Tubes
Ltd, Orissa Textile Mills Ltd., Titagarha Paper Mill Ltd., IDC Tile factory
13
CDPA An Overview
Traffic & Transportation, Housing
Ltd. were established here though all are dying. A medium scale glass
industry was established at Barang inspired by Choudwar.
2.13
The two important life-lines of eastern India namely East-Coast Railway

and National Highway No.5, connecting Kolkata directly with Chennai,
pass through this region. The National Highway No.42 starting from NH-5
at Choudwar, is connecting this region with minerally rich and industrially
advanced northern districts. The region is connected with Paradeep by
rail, road and canal. Talcher is also connected by rail.
2.14
Housing
Joint families are predominant in the CDPA in general and CMC in

particular. Similarly, in the smaller urban areas of Choudwar, extended
and joint families are still a significant component. In urban area, over
82% of the households live in pucca houses, but in rural areas, almost
31% households live in kutcha houses and hutment. A floor space per
persons in CDPA lies in the range of 100-200 sq ft. Almost 78% of
households own their houses. Demand for rental housing is significant
only in CMC areas; in future this trend may further rise. Most people still
prefer low-rise housing, though the trend towards multi-storied apartment
is very slowly catching. It is expected that in the plan period, multi-storied
apartment and condominium will have significant rate of growth in the
CDPA area. There is a growing trend of PPP in housing with major public
agencies like CMC and OSHB, this trend will continue, the role of private
developers in housing will significantly increase in near future. The CMC
have some 240 slum pockets each where QOL is most deplorable. A
major scheme for upward filtering of these pockets in lines with slum
networking approaches VAMBAY, Site n Services schemes needs to be
chalked out.
2.15 Physical Infrastructure

Though the per capita supply of water in CMC is sufficient compared to
the stipulated drinking water supply guidelines, the present system of
supply could feed only a maximum of 92% households. So, the present
infrastructure facilities for water supply demands augmentation. Since
40% of the populations are using ground water, and that its quality is
reported at stake at many locations, it becomes necessary to have a
monitoring of tube well waters to have a water quality assurance.
14
CDPA An Overview
Physical, Social Infrastructure
Cuttack suffers badly from water logging due to the high flood and tide
levels in the rivers. Existing water distribution pipes are inadequate and ill
managed, demanding urgent interventions. In many places the
groundwater is reported saline with high total dissolved solids and iron. In
rural areas of CDPA, there is no provision of safe drinking water supply
through pipelines and majority of the population are forced to depend on
ground water sources only.
Cuttacks drainage, which includes wastewater transport and disposal, is
entirely by open drains. The two main drainage channels are throttled at
many locations due to narrow culverts. It is felt that, though the city is
growing at a rapid pace, the systems of sanitation and drainage are
unable to keep pace with it.
It is also observed that the natural depressions and ponds, which were
instrumental in preventing excess storm run-off, are getting filled up at a
rapid rate due to urbanization. This may further aggravates the existing
problems of water logging.
The drainage facilities demands management of drains involving the
prevention of flooding and illegal encroachments, periodic maintenance,
and provisions of adequate land for future reconstruction and
augmentation activity.
Since Cuttack also does not have adequate land for waste disposal, 90%
of the wastes are dumped in the river beds, low lying areas, and back
yards of houses with only very low percentage being taken to land fill
sites. CDPA desperately is in need of a systematic solid waste collection
and treatment system.
2.16
In spite of having a high literacy rate there exist a lot of disparity in terms
of social infrastructure among the various constituent units of settlement
in the CDPA region.
1. Educational facilities at primary and middle school level, both
quantitatively and qualitatively, are too meager compare to
secondary level onwards and hence far from satisfactory.
2. Most of the health care facilities are located in CMC, leaving the
remaining area of CDPA suffer from health care facilities.
3. Choudwar and CDPA rural areas are long neglected from all kind
of Social infrastructure.
4. Large numbers of villages in CDPA areas have very little facilities
and hence rely heavily on CMC for day-to-day needs.
5. There is a dire need of higher order educational training centres
to cater for the future youth population.
15
CDPA An Overview
2.17
Culture, Recreation & Tourism
This place has rich art work heritage like silver filigree. These work cum
living centre for traditional craftsmen have also been developed as areas
of artistic and tourist interest both for cultural pleasure and commerce.
Balijatra Utsav is one of the important fair and festivals of Cuttack. It is a
fair of classical dance, music, folkdances, handicrafts, handlooms and
multi cuisine.
Some of the recreational areas of Cuttack are Naraj scenic spot, Deer
Park, Barabati fort and stadium, Netaji birthplace museum, Gouri Sankar
Park etc.
2.18
CDPA area is endowed with varied historical and cultural resources from
different historical periods. Also important is a unique natural resource of
long stretches of river fronts that are intricately related with rich traditions
and cultural richness of CDPA. Formed in 989 A.D., Cuttack was the
capital of Orissa for almost nine centuries, before Bhubaneswar was
made the capital city in 1948. During 1211-1238 A.D. Cuttack was also
the nerve centre in Orissa for the cultural and educational renaissance
during 19th and early 20th century and has a special place for its role in
the freedom movement of India. The unique heritage of Cuttack region is
the natural heritage of rivers and extensive river fronts. Mahanadi,
Kathajodi and Birupa rivers along with their tributaries have formed a
network of rivers in and around this region. The area needs a holistic
approach and sensitive revitalization strategies. Preservation and
redevelopment measures need to be guided by a policy of integrating
conservation
of
natural,
cultural
and
built
heritage
with
future
development of this region.
16
Land Use and Land Ownership

Introduction
3.1
Introduction
Urban areas depict the spatial structure through organization and interrelationships of their use. Various parcels of the land put to different
activities are known as Land Use. At any given point of time, Land Use
study will communicate a reasonable understanding of the city structure
and its characteristics. It is essential to study the existing land use of any
urban area for assessing and evaluating its problems and prospects in
order to initiate necessary planning decisions.
3.2
The land use classification has been adopted from the supplied maps
and data by the ORSAC. It may also be kept in mind that this
classification has been amended or modified in the future land use
planning as explained in the zoning regulation of the CDP.
3.2.1
Land use/ Land cover of BCUC
The Bhubaneswar-Cuttack Urban Complex is essentially two city nodes,

Bhubaneswar - bounded by the river Kuakhai in the east, and the
Chandaka forest in its west and Cuttack - bounded by two rivers, the
Mahanadi and the Kathajodi to its north and south respectively. The
intermediate and peripheral areas are forest, agricultural, rural or vacant
lands. (Table 3.1, Fig 3.1 & Map 3.1)
Table 3.1: Percentage share of Land use in BCUC

11.66
17.57
Sl. No.
Land use
% Area
0.98
Residential
17.57
6.17
Commercial
0.98
4.87
Industrial
1.78
6.17
Public/Semi-public/Institutional
4.87
Utility & services
1.46
Recreational
1.27
Vacant Land
12.94
Agricultural Land
26.60
10
Vegetation/Forest Land
14.70
11
Water bodies/ Wet land
11.66
Total
100.00
14.70
1.78
1.46
1.27
26.60
12.94
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
Public/Semi-Public/Institute
Public Utilities
Recreational
Vacant Land
Agricultural Land
Waste Land
Water Bodies/Wetland
Others
Source: ORSAC 2006
Fig-3.1: Land use of BCUC
17
In BCUC, agriculture is the largest land-use category with approximately

26.6% under it, followed by 17.57% of residential land use. A good
percentage, about 14.7%, is under vegetation/forest land while 12.94% is
vacant land. Being part of the riverine watershed, the entire BCUC loses
11.66% of its land to water bodies/ wet land. Traffic and transportation
takes up 6.17%. This region has a significant amount of land under
public/semi-public/ institutional land use (4.87%) further fuelled by its
recent rise as a major institutional hub in eastern India.
3.2.2
Land use/ Land cover of CMC
1971 onwards Cuttack along with Bhubaneswar has been developed

based on the Master Plan/ Interim Development Plan/ Comprehensive
Development Plan for dynamic growth of economy, increased production
of goods and services, etc.
Owing to its existence of over a thousand years, this region has largely
grown as an urban village; characteristic of dense low rise settlements
laid out into self-sufficient Sahis, or neighborhoods, with mixed
commercial and residential activities as a dominant feature in most parts
of the planning region. (Table 3.2, Fig 3.2 & Map 3.2)
Except for the grid-road layout after the formation of the CDA and IDP
1964 there has been no guiding master plan ever during last few
decades. Thus, the entire land use pattern of Cuttack Municipal
Corporation presents an urban clutter. Industries exist side by side with
residence. The largest share of 25.68% of CMC area is occupied by
waste area. The residential area having majority of houses in substandard
condition occupies only 14.99%. Dense development has taken place in
the central city around the main bus terminal. The eastern part of the
CMC, excepting some development on Paradeep Road and Industrial
Estate Complex, is occupied by hamlets, villages and agricultural land.
The western part is gradually being developed as a new township at
Bidanasi for proper utilization of land. Some part of the wholesale trade,
especially the Malgodown area could be shifted elsewhere to bring about
planned market development. Cuttack is the districts headquarter and all
the district level offices are located here occupying 1.93% of total CMC
area. Majority of the south-eastern part of CMC along the Kuakhai River
is under agricultural land use occupying almost 5.80% of CMC area.
While formulating the proposal on land use plan, the following principles
have to be kept in view:
To curb the misuse of land in order to avoid injury to the
interest of the community.
To wisely regulate the use of land for appropriate purpose and
so as to maximize benefits to the user, as well as, the
development authority.
18

Table 3.2: Percentage share of Land use in CMC
2.63
14.99
1.27
Sl. No.
0.74
18.39
4.01
1.93
0.44
0.98
25.68
10.11
5.80
13.03
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
Public Utilities
Recreational
Vacant Land
Agricultural Land
Waste Land
Others
Land use
% Area
Residential
14.99
Commercial
1.27
Industrial
0.74
4.01
1.93
Utility & services
0.44
Recreational
0.98
Vacant Land
10.11
Agricultural Land
5.80
10
13.03
11
Waste Land
25.68
12
18.39
13
Others
2.63
Total
100.00
Source: ORSAC 2008
Fig-3.2: Land use of CMC
3.2.3
Land use/ Land cover of Choudwar Municipality

Table 3.3: Percentage share of Land use in
0.99
1.75
3.51
0.71
Sl. No.
1.05
5.32
Residential
3.51
Commercial
0.71
0.43
Industrial
1.05
0.14
1.04
3.15
Utility & services
0.43
Recreational
0.14
Vacant Land
2.23
Agricultural Land
8.36
10
7.15
11
Waste Land
5.32
12
1.75
13
Others
0.99
3.15
2.23
8.36
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
Public Utilities
Recreational
Vacant Land
Agricultural Land
Waste Land
Others
% Area
1.04
7.15
Land use
Total
100.00
Source: ORSAC 2008
Fig-3.3: Land use of

The physical development in Choudwar exhibits a predominantly rural

character. The developments have been scattered, leapfrog, locally
compact and in the form of hamlets. The physical factors responsible for
19
the emergence of the present land use structure have been the
undulating nature of land and the presence of low lying swamp and water
bodies. Developments are mainly on alluvial soil with low lands remain in
water. From the Table 3.3, Fig 3.3 it can be seen that a substantial
percentage of the municipal area is occupied by industries. The
developments in all the above zones are limited to horizontal sprawl. The
existing land use pattern can be seen in Map 3.3.
3.2.4
Land use/ Land cover of CDPA Rural

Table 3.4: Percentage share of Land use in CDPA
Rural
Sl. No.
Land use
4.92
3.63
% Area
0.30
1.55
12.66
2.58
0.19
0.14
3.53
Residential
4.92
Commercial
0.13
Industrial
0.30
1.55
2.58
Utility & services
0.19
20.45
Recreational
0.14
Vacant Land
3.53
Agricultural Land
33.41
10
20.45
11
Waste Land
16.52
12
12.66
13
Others
3.63
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
Public Utilities
Recreational
Vacant Land
Agricultural Land
Waste Land
Others
Total
100.00
Source: ORSAC 2008
16.52
33.41
Fig 3.4: Land use of

CDPA Rural
The area covered by the CDPA Rural land, as shown in Map 3.4, gives a
clear indication that CDPA is essentially an agriculture based urban area.
Predominant land area is covered by agricultural land, measuring
33.41%. An addition to the greenery strip, is the vegetation or the forest
land, which occupies a major portion of the land area, i.e., 20.45%.
16.52% of the total land area is waste land, particularly due to the floodprone areas. (Table 3.4 & Fig 3.4)
3.2.5
Land use/ Land cover of CDPA
Almost 58% of total land area 30217.34ha is found to be available for

extensive development. Agriculture dominates the land use of the entire
CDPA by 22%. A lot of wasteland, 19% is observed, followed by 18% of
vegetation/forest land. Water bodies, i.e. the Mahanadi and the Kathajodi
are a major chunk of CDPA, 13%. 10% of the land use is residential, with
Old Cuttack, Sikharpur and Bidanasi being the most densely populated
Planning zones. (Table 3.5, Fig 3.5 & Map 3.5)
20
0.13

Table 3.5: Percentage share of Land use in CDPA

Sl.
No.
Land use
% Area
Residential
9.89
Commercial
0.85
Industrial
0.78
2.77
3.15
Utility & services
0.46
Recreational
0.54
Vacant Land
6.84
Agricultural Land
21.53
10
17.78
11
Waste Land
19.07
12
13.23
13
Others
3.11
Total
100.00
Source: ORSAC 2008
Fig 3.5: Land use of CDPA
3.3
The spatial distribution of activities or Land use can be observed through

the zone wise information. It is interesting to find variation in the
concentration and specialization of activities in different zones.
A close study of this is summarised in the following text as well as Table
3.6.
Description of Zone wise Land use
i. Nirgundi (Zone No. - 01): Most part of this Planning Zone, i.e.
58.51% of the total area of 2925.00 ha is under agricultural land
use, with the diagonally running High Level Irrigation Canal
dividing it into two near-equal parts. The upper portion is dotted
with small and large ponds; while the central portion has streams
meandering towards the Mahanadi, bringing a sizable amount of
land under swampy and scrub cover. Most of the settlements in the
upper portion of this zone are concentrated in Nakhara,
Badachancho and Sanachancho. There exist large strips of
wholesale godowns towards the south-west (Manguli, Palasa
Nelia, and Bilteruan) along the rail track and NH-5 that runs
almost parallel to the afore mentioned canal from the south-west to
the north-east. There is an existing truck terminal at Manguli,
along the NH-42.The strategic location and connectivity makes it
ideal for a logistic hub, serving both the regions inter and intra
21
freight/transport activities. To further its efficacy, an Eastern bypass

is proposed to cut across this planning zone from the north-west to
the south-east, somewhat close to the existing Nirgundi Railway
Station. Currently, only 2.02% is taken up for transportation.
Hatisua, Palasa, Sainto and Sanakesarpur villages in the lower
portion have small inhabited patches, bounding the Birupa. Thus,
there is very little residential land use observed in this region, only
5.17%. (Map 3.6).
ii. Charbatia (Zone No. - 02): Being the Aviation Research Centre
operating base, more than two-fifths of Charbatia is a high-security
zone. Thus 19.98% of total area is under public/semi-public use.
To its east are the ancillary social infrastructural facilities and
utilities/services for ARC staff including a large dumping ground
located towards the north of Chhatisa. Similar industrial-residential
nodes exist at Choudwar (Kapaleswar-Chhatisa) around the
industrial patch of Indian Charge Chrome Limited, and the other
of the Orissa Textile Mills at Kedareswar. A major land use in
this zone is agriculture, covering approximately 29% of the total
area of 2961.27 ha. Large area of plantation is seen on the north of
ARC Charbatia. The rest of the land is either sparse bush/scrub
cover or lateritic area without scrub cover, as in Kedareswar and
Banipara. The remaining are mostly patches of Village/Old
Settlements/Basti such as at Agarhat, Mundamal, etc. (Map- 3.7).
The ARC being located here creates potential for developing this
zone as a heritage and cantonment area.
iii. Chhatisa (Zone No. - 03): More than half of this planning zone
(1746.08 ha) i.e. of Chhatisa No.1 and Nuagan, being low-lying
remains waterlogged throughout the year, rendering it unsuitable
for most formal land use categories. i.e. 31.34% under wasteland
and 20.93% under wetland/ water bodies. There is, however, great
potential for the riverside development and a plethora of water
based and recreational activities. Beyond the waterlogged areas is
the highly fertile agricultural land of Similihand, Kayalapara and
Jhatia (34.67%). Most of Bhabadeipur are stone quarries and
lateritic patches without scrub cover. The southern portions of
Kayalapara and Similihand, bordered by the Mahanadi has some
Village/Old settlements/Basti, possibly the only inhabited patches
in the entire zone (1.87%) (Map-3.8).The Western Bypass has
been proposed to cut across Chatissa No.1 from South-West to
North-East.
iv. Choudwar (Zone No. - 04): More than one-fifth of this zone is
under vegetation/forest cover while agriculture takes up 19.4% of it.
The Mahanadi, bounding Choudwar in the South has 17.27% of
the land under water body, and also contributes to the existence of
22
15.25% of wasteland, with more than half of Kapaleswar,

Haranathpur and Sultanpur as waterlogged areas. About 9%
area of this zone is under residential and commercial use.
Indranipatana Aliash Gaukhanapatana, the lower part of
Chhatisa No.2 and Jeninpurnarasinpur are regions dotted with
stone quarries. (Map-3.9)
v. Nimapur (Zone No. - 05): Most of the area of Nimapur zone is
under Water bodies/Wet Land (24.24%), or Wasteland (18.97%)
largely due to it being bounded by the Mahanadi towards the
south, and Birupa on the north. Large patches of agricultural land
are seen in this region (20.92%). Further, vegetation/forest land
takes up about 11.48%. Residential land use is 9.09% while the
total vacant lands both under development and within developed
areas amounts to 7.79%. Some industrial activity (3.09%) is seen
in this zone, towards the Mahanadi. Transportation takes up about
2.68% of the total land area 2823.45 ha. There is very little
commercial activity in this zone. (Map-3.10)
vi. Bidanasi (Zone No. - 06): This zone being bounded by Mahanadi
in the North and Kathajodi to the South has about 40.18% under
waste land and 11.57% under water bodies/wetland use. A lot of
speculated land holdings are also observed in this region.
Vegetation/forest covers nearly 18% of this zone while 12% is
under residential land use. About 10.87% are vacant land. There
are no Industrial areas in this zone. (Map-3.11)
vii. Old Cuttack (Zone No. - 07): The largest population density in the
entire CDPA is exhibited here, with a total of 28.95% under urban
or other residential land use. A major chunk of land is under Water
bodies/Wetland or as Waste land (about 36%) a major reason for
this being its adjacency to the rivers Mahanadi and Kathajodi.
Some orchard/ scattered trees are found towards the north of this
zone, along the Mahanadi, contributing to the total of 9.37% of
land under vegetation/ forest land. Transportation, a crucial aspect
in such a dense area takes up 6.57% of land. There is 4%
commercial land use in this zone. (Map-3.12)
viii. Sikharpur (Zone No. - 08):
Water bodies/ Wetland and
Vegetation/Forest land take up about 19% each in the Sikharpur

planning zone. 14.1% is wasteland, while all vacant lands add up
to 10.34%. 7.12% is under agricultural land use. A lot of residential
activity is seen in this zone, about 16.36%, the second highest
zone in the entire CDPA, with transportation taking up a
reasonable 4.45% of the total area. 1.24% is dedicated to
commercial activity. (Map-3.13)
23
ix. Mundali (Zone No. - 09): This Planning Zone is dense with
approximately 37% of vegetation/forest cover and is the carbon
sink for the CDPA. Agriculture forms the second most important
category (28.96%). 16.27% and 5.45% of the total land is taken by
waste land and the Mahanadi as wet land/ water body
respectively. Small scattered patches of settlement are seen at
Mundali, Narajmarathapur, Chandiprasad, etc. and amount to
only 3.25% of the total land use. Thus the preferred developmental
activities for this region are resorts and village tourism. (Map-3.14)
x. Barang (Zone No. - 10): Approximately 47% of the total land use
of 3788.29 ha in this planning zone is taken up either by agriculture
(23.28%) or wasteland (24.17%). Also, due to being bounded by
Kathajodi on the north and Kuakhai in the south-east, 13.34% of
land is under water bodies/ wetland. Again, vegetation/forest land
covers 15.51% of the total zone area. Residential (urban and
others) take up a total of 5.9%, while 1.68% of Sikharpurs total
land area is criss-crossed by transport links. (Map-3.15)
xi. Gopalpur (Zone No. - 11): About 24% of land, the large area in
this planning zone is under wasteland category, followed by
vegetation/forest land taking up 16.62%. Agriculture is a major
activity in this region, with approximately 13% dedicated to it.
Residential land use, both urban as well as others amount to a total
of 10.43%. While about 14% of total area is under vacant land.
Large patches are seen to be under speculated land holdings, and
many brick kilns are to be found towards the north and south of this
zone. With Kathajori in the north and Kuakahi in the west, 7.32%
is under water bodies, or as wet land. About 3% is taken up by
transportation. (Map-3.16)
3.4
While preparing the Comprehensive Development Plan, it is necessary

to gather information of plot wise land ownership.The land ownership
record is very much important to the planners as it is the basis for good
administration, aimed at social justice through better implementation of
plans and proposals. The general theme underlying the content of all
plan documents has emphasized that land is an asset, which provides
the primary and secondary needs of the people. As most of the problems
of the people in the villages as well as in the cities are due to land related
issues, so to avoid those we have taken utmost care in creating the land
ownership database.
24
3.4.1
Source and Classification of Ownership
Under Act 11 of Orissa Survey and Settlement Act, 1958, it is stated

about the Power of Government to order preparations of record-of-right in
respect of lands in any local area in the state. The Naveen Patnaik
Government of Orissa has developed a site named Bhulekh Orissa land
records Web Portal www.bhulekh.ori.nic.in for all people to view the
Record-of-Rights.
In CDPA, there are 155 revenue villages, and the plot by plot Ownership
of the land, of all those villages have been categorized into five different
Ownership groups. The followings are the five different ownership
categories:
1. Government Land
2. Temple/ Trustee
3. Government Reserved
4. Government forest
5. Private
The Government land category includes all those land owned by various
Government departments like; revenue, PWD, Irrigation, Agriculture,
Home, etc and Abada Jogya Anabadi, Abada Ajogya Anabadi and
Sarvesadharana. The Temple and Trustee category includes the land
owned by Temple, Temple trustee. The Government Reserved category
includes the lands Reserved and Reserved Unused of whose kissam is
mostly Bagayat (1) & (2), Basti yogya, Urban development in future,
Patita, Gochara etc; which excludes the Chhota Jungle and Patra Jungle.
The land owned by Forest Department and the land in the District Level
Committee (DLC) report.
Fig 3.7 exhibits a better understanding of the Land Ownership Records.
The compilation of the ownership datas and their analysis is also
summarised in the subsequent text. It is very interesting to observe that
there is almost equal distribution of ownership between public and
privately ownder land. This implies that renewal, re-development should
start as a joint venture in near future to cater to all sort of development.
25
Fig 3.7: Break up of Land Ownership of CDPA
Land ownership
Temple/ Trustee
Government
PWD
Government Forest
Temple
Forest Department
Temple Trustee
HOME
Police
Government Reserved
Agriculture
Irrigation
District Level Committee

DLC
Reserve Unused
Reserved
Sarvasadharana
Revenue department
Abada Jogya Anabadi
Abada Ajogya Anabadi
A close study of this is summarised in the following text as well as Table

3.7. The diversity in the ownership pattern is also reflected in the
graphical presentation (Fig 3.8 & Map 3.17).
3.4.2
Description of Zone wise Ownership
i. CDPA: The overall Planning Zone CDPA, is Private Ownership

dominated, covering an area 39.54% of the total area. 43.39% is
under the Govt. Ownership. Followed by 6.99% under the Govt.
Reserved Ownership.
ii. Nirgundi (Zone No. - 01): The Planning Zone Nirgundi is Private
Ownership dominated, comprising an area of 51.1% of the total
land though ownership is not available for 25.84% of the area. The
Commercial complexes and industries are lined along the NH-5
and NH-42. Many of the small water bodies are under the Private
Ownership. The whole of the Planning area is not much developed.
Less developed areas of Charbatia are also under Private
Ownership. High Level Irrigation Canal originated from Birupa
River runs parallel to the railway line. It is further accompanied with
swampy grounds spread out along the NHs and Railway track
towards Howrah. Govt. and Govt. Reserved Ownership appears to
be scattered everywhere, consuming only 19% of the land. There
is no land under the Govt. Forest Ownership. Ample of area is
found under Temple/Trustee category ownership.
26
Private
Private
iii. Charbatia (Zone No. - 02): An exclusive influence of the Govt.

Ownership, Private Ownership and all other ownerships are seen
in the Planning Zone Charbatia. The dominancy of the Private
Ownership is seen mostly in the peripheral areas of the Planning
Zone, occupying 48.35% of the total land area. Furthermore, the
surplus percentage addition is due to the commercial complexes
and industries like IMFA, Charge Chrome, OTM etc. The area
covered by ARC Charbatia and its vicinity areas are brought under
the Govt. Ownership. For more protection to the secured region,
the Govt. Reserved Ownership is imposed in the areas around the
ARC Charbatia. The Plantation on the North and South-East of the
ARC Charbatia is brought under the Govt. Forest Ownership.
4.87%
of
the
Temple
Ownership
is
concentrated
in
the
Kedareswar and North of Gopalpur villages.

iv. Chhatisa (Zone No. - 03): The Planning Zone Chhatisa is one of
the 11 Planning Zones under the Private Ownership dominancy.
Most of the villages largely are agriculture dependent. The villages
Chhatisa No.1 and Udaynagar (comprising of the Mahanadi
River existing to the South of the Planning Zone) is under the
Govt. Ownership. These areas are comprised of marshy areas.
The Govt. Reserved Ownership spreads out in different villages.
Temple/Trustee Ownership mainly concentrates over in the North
and Central part of the Bhabadeipur and in some portion of the
North of Nuagan village. The NH-42 runs through the Planning
Zone.
v. Choudwar (Zone No. - 04): Similar to the previously studied
ownership patterns, this Planning Zone Choudwar is too
dominated by Private Ownership, comprising an area of 54.47% of
land. The Govt. and Govt. Reserved Ownership is concentrated
over 39%, mainly containing the areas of Mahanadi River, whole
of Daulatabad, East of Kapeleswar, parts of Gobindjiupatana
and Choudwar. The Choudwar Govt. ownership mainly consists of
the schools, Thermal Colony and Grid Colony. The Govt.
Reserved Ownership spreads its wings non-uniformly in most of
the villages. The Temple/Trustee Ownership concentrates in the
Choudwar area containing the OTM, Choudwar Womens
College and the vicinity components. High Level Irrigation Canal
originated from Birupa River runs through the Planning Zone.
vi. Nimapur (Zone No. - 05): The Private Ownership hoists its
dominancy in this Planning Zone. Govt. and Govt. Reserved
Ownership concentrates in the Northern most and Southern most
regions of the total zone, occupying 36%. Other ownerships are
also spreaded out in different villages.
27

vii.
Bidanasi (Zone No. - 06): Bidanasi is bordered upon with Old

Cuttack. The zone is mainly reclaimed area; therefore most of the
villages are under the occupation of the Govt. Ownership almost
74% of the area. The Govt. Ownership is pre-dominated over the
areas of Mahanadi River, Kathajodi River and Brajabiharipur
Village. The Private Ownership covers up to 15.64%, spreading out
in different areas like the housing complexes in Brajabihari. There
is a Mixed Ownership featured in the East and Central portion of
the Planning Zone, particularly in Tulsipur, Chandinichouk and
Deuliasahi. The Govt. Reserved Ownership spreads itself nonuniformly in most of the villages, occupying 8.36% of the area. The
areas included within the govt. reserved ownership include north of
Bentakarpara and Tangarhuda; parts of Bidyadharpur which
includes housing, schools and speculated development areas.
viii. Old Cuttack (Zone No. - 07): This portion of the CDPA is
supposed to be the oldest of the many cities existed in the history
of Orissa, as well as, that of India. The Old Cuttack was the First
Capital city of Orissa for almost nine centuries, before
Bhubaneswar was made the capital city in 1948. People here
have settled here since generations. Therefore, primarily joint
families are most common to be seen in this Planning Zone. The
Govt. Ownership has occupation over here measuring a clear
62.36% land share. The influence is seen in the regions near the
Mahanadi River, Barabatikila, Cantonment and Mangalabag
villages. The Taladanda Canal runs through the Planning Zone,
originating from the Jobra.
The Private Ownership is also seen in most of the villages,
measuring a total of 31.4%. It particularly includes Housing
complexes, Commercial buildings, Govt. buildings, etc. The
Temple/Trustees Ownership are scattered everywhere within the
Planning Zone, interestingly owning the land on which the
Barabati Stadium stands. The Govt. Reserved Ownership
consumes around 2.11% of the land.
ix. Sikharpur (Zone No. - 08): In the Sikharpur Planning Zone, the
Private Ownership found up to 43%. The village of Bidhyadharpur
is almost completely under its hold. Almost 50% plus of the area of
some of the villages are completely under the Private Ownership,
namely, Sikharpur, Chauliaganj, Paisa, Dianrajhansa, Kantilo,
Poparada,
Gandharpur
Sartol,
and
Andarpur,
Gunadol,
Gateirautpatana.
The
Arundayanagar,
Govt.
Reserved
Ownership spreads to 5% and is mostly seen in the Nuagan

village. 44.54% land is under the Govt. Ownership, comprising of
the National Highway and Railway Lines passing through the
28
Planning Zone; and the river bank of the Mahandi. The Ownership
of the village of Shilpapuri is not known.
x. Mundali (Zone No. - 09): The Planning Zone Mundali is Govt.
Ownership dominated area, calculating to around 43% of the total
land. The regions influenced are the Kathajodi River, Mundali
Barrage, the whole stretch of the Puri Canal, Naraj Railway Line;
and some parts of the villages namely, Talaghar, South-west of
Mundali,
CISF
Ramdaspur;
group
and
spreaded
scattered
in
Chakradharpur
around
in
and
Ramdaspur,
Ratagharlenkasahi and Chandiprasad. The Puri Main Canal

originates from the Kathajodi River runs through the Planning
Zone. The Private Ownership and Temple/Trustee scatters around,
consuming 38.45% and 1.4% of the total area. The Govt. Reserved
Ownership dominates 16.51% seen as a huge patch near the CISF
Group in Chakradharpur. Govt. Reserved Ownership is also seen
around in different villages, particularly in Ratagharlenkasahi,
Ramdaspur and Chandiprasad.
xi. Barang (Zone No. - 10): The share of the Govt. Ownership and
the Private Ownership is almost equal in this zone, 47.61% and
45.17% respectively. Most of the villages on the Northern Borders
found under Govt. Ownership; the villages on the Southern borders
found under Private Ownership. The Govt. Ownership is mostly
seen over the Kathajodi River, Kuakhai River and the Puri Main
Canal running through the Planning Zone. Otherwise, the all other
types of Ownerships are scattered around within the Planning
Zone.
xii. Gopalpur (Zone No. - 11): Around 50% of the total area of the
Planning Zone Gopalpur is under the Govt. Ownership. The
predominance is found over the banks of Kathajodi and Kuakhai
rivers, the Puri Main Canal passing through the Planning Zone,
some parts of different villages like Pratapnagari, Nuahat and
Bandhachhara Alias Kacharamal. The Private Ownership is
found around 43%, Govt. Reserved is 3.58% and Temple/Trustee
Ownership is 1.5%.
3.4.3
Zone-wise Developable Government Land:
Bidanasi contains almost 19% of the total zone area under developable
Government land, covering 617.8 hectares of land. This planning zone
has, and will also be experiencing an increase in the development of
government plotted housing projects. Mundali is another planning zone
with a major percentage of developable Government land of 33.53%
(1109.69 hectares). It contains the institutions which have already come
up and are also proposed to come in near future. (Table 3.8 & Map 3.18)
29
Table 3.8: Zone-wise Developable Government & Govt.

Reserved Land
Sl.
No.
Zone name
Zone Area
(in hectares)
Nirgundi
2925.00
Charbatia
2961.27
Chhatisa
1746.08
Choudwar
1831.05
Nimapur
2823.45
Bidanasi
3317.62
Old Cuttack
2337.21
Sikharpur
2699.02
Mundali
3309.87
10
Barang
3788.29
11
Gopalpur
2478.48
Total CDPA
30
30217.34
Developable Govt. & Govt. Reserved

Land Area
(in hectares)
% Area of total zone area
292.53
10.00
439.51
14.84
332.42
19.04
228.93
12.50
199.08
7.05
617.80
18.62
154.05
6.59
245.35
9.09
1109.69
33.53
544.06
14.36
372.79
15.04
4536.21
15.01
Conceptual Plan
Introduction, Structure of the CDP
4.1
Introduction
The Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) for Cuttack Development

Plan Area hereby prepared should not be seen in isolation. Rather, it is a
natural, logical extension, detailing out and culmination of the vision
outlined by the consultants in their Perspective Plan for BCUC Vision
2030.
The CDPA is zoned into four broad categories based on a multi-criteria
analysis. These zones are:
1. Extensive Development Zone (6 nos.) Essentially areas of
new development of varying density using the vacant land,
agricultural land and govt. land etc;
2. Intensive Development Zone (1 no.) Existing development
may be re-densified for new urban functions, through a process
of urban renewal and transformation.
3. Sensitive Development Zone (2 nos.) To protect the
vegetation/forest/hill areas and swampy/wetlands of ecological
importance.
4. Restrictive Development Zone (2 nos.) To protect the rich
cultural heritage zones
An extensive study of the Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA)
through primary and secondary sources was done to identify the
prospects and potentials of the region, its weak links in terms of physical
connectivity, the possibility of economic revitalization, the rejuvenation of
the cultural heritage and also address the issue of sporadic and
haphazard growth.
4.2
Structure of the Comprehensive Development

Plan
The Comprehensive Development Plan of CDPA is based on a vision. It

is a vision to create a world class cultural city that will not only have high
end activities and centres of excellence but also will have a distinct
identity based on its rich cultural background and natural resources. With
this vision and within the framework of the proposed Perspective Plan for
the entire BCUC area, the CDP has outlined a spatial structure that will
enable conceptualization of this vision.
The CDPA forms an important and an integral part of the BCUC and is
dubbed as the Cultural-Commercial and Industrial Centre of the BCUC. It
is also an area undergoing transformation to meet the demands of the
future population and new upcoming activities. Hence the spatial
distribution of the central functions has been done after analyzing the
various complex parameters such as the morphology, connectivity,
31
Conceptual Plan
Concept of the CDPA
development potential of the region, the existing land use characteristics

and the historical and cultural background of the CDPA region.
4.3
Concept of the CDPA
The CDPA region basically comprises three distinct landmasses

segregated by mainly the two rivers of Mahanadi and Kathajodi thereby
dividing the entire CDPA into three portions viz.
i. The Northern Fringe
ii. The Central Millennium City
iii. The Southern Fringe
The Northern and Southern Fringes are further divided into parcels of
landmasses by the tributaries Birupa and Kuakhai of the Mahanadi and
Kathajodi rivers, respectively.
The concept plan focuses on careful distribution of activities with an
objective of achieving a balanced and integrated growth within the CDPA
region. The dream perceived by the consultants to transform the CDPA
into a world class centre of excellence is realized through the
combination of two factors:
i. Introduction of innovative ideas found elsewhere in similar
national and international urban centres.
ii. Continuation of certain basic functions of the city keeping
abreast the various land use characteristics and trends identified
in the region.
The Comprehensive Development Plan thus evolved, gives rise to a
unique concept of 8 major activity centres located within the CDPA that
serve not only the CDPA but the entire BCUC. The activity centres and
their locations as mentioned below (Map 4.1):
1) Industrial Centre
Zones:
Charbatia, Chhatisa,
Choudwar, Nirgundi,
Northern Fringe
Nimapur
2) Logistic Centre
Zone:
Nirgundi
3) Residential Centre
Zone:
Bidanasi
4) Multiple Activity Centre
Zone:
Old Cuttack
5) Commercial Centre
Zone:
Sikharpur
6) Specialised Activity Centre Zone:
Barang
7) Cultural Centre -
Zone:
Gopalpur
8) Recreational Centre -
Zone:
Mundali
Central Millennium City
Southern Fringe
8 different functional hubs have been identified to be located throughout

the Northern Fringe, Central Millennium City and the Southern Fringe of
32
Conceptual Plan
the CDPA. The location, type and quantum of these activities proposed in
the various planning zones have been discussed in detail in Future Land
Use and Zoning Regulations (Chapter 14).
4.4
4.4.1 Physical Linkages:

The proposed linkage pattern comprehends a bypass system on the
western and the eastern periphery that will encircle the CDPA thereby
defining its boundary and will ensure that the urban areas will become
free from heavy freight traffic.
It is being proposed to connect the bypasses with transverse east-west
and north-south connections in the form of railways, national highways,
state highways, and the ring roads.
Connectivity of the CDPA within the BCUC region is strengthened
through a system of north-south metro-corridor, the NH-5 and the east
coast railways, running parallel to each other. The ring roads have been
proposed all along the embankments of the three land masses of the
CDPA and to improve the connectivity with the national highways, state
highways and the other major roads.
Thus the internal as well as the regional connectivity is carefully planned
in order to boost the potential as an urban centre of the eastern zone.
4.4.2
Development Proposals:
Connectivity and natural factors have formed the backbone of allocating

major activities in future. Availability of land has been a decisive factor.
Land in public ownership and uncultivable and less fertile fallow land
have primarily been identified for locating new activity centres.
The upcoming projects and the existing land use have also been given
due importance while distributing the major functions and activities within
the CDPA. The three portions of the CDPA have distinct functions to
perform with respect to the entire BCUC Region.
The Northern Fringe comprising of the 5 zones viz: Nirgundi, Charbatia,
Chhatisa, Choudwar and Nirgundi are envisaged as essentially the
Industrial Centres of the region. Hence, keeping abreast the existing land
use, new SEZs have been proposed in these zones to gear up the
economy of the Northern Fringe and CDPA as well. The Nirgundi zone by
virtue of its regional connectivity has been designated as the Logistic
Centre of the region thereby, boosting its importance at a regional level.
The Central Millennium City comprising of the 3 zones viz: Bidanasi, Old
Cuttack
and Sikharpur
is primarily a residential, administrative,
commercial and cultural centre of the region. New development has been
33
Conceptual Plan
proposed in this portion with great emphasis on conservation of the

natural, built and cultural heritage of the CDPA. Bidanasi zone houses
the maximum residential population and hence, acts as the residential
centre of the CDPA.
The Old Cuttack zone performs multiple functions such as administrative,
commercial, residential, etc and hence, it is termed as the Multiple
Activity Centre. Relocation of the wholesale commerce to Sikharpur due
to its proximity to the eastern by-pass is likely to transform the Sikharpur
zone into a commercial centre of the CDPA.
The Southern Fringe comprising of 3 zones viz: Mundali, Barang and
Gopalpur is gifted with the abundance of natural resources on one side
and uninterrupted vacant land on the other. Hence, new activities such as
public/ semi-public, institutional, commercial and recreational, etc. have
been proposed in these areas.
The Barang zone has been conceptualized as a Special Activity Centre
with all specialised commercial, institutional, administrative and industrial
activities in this zone.
The Gopalpur zone has been also perceived as the new Cultural Centre
of the CDPA simultaneously housing various activities such as
commercial, residential and mixed land use.
The eco-sensitive zone of Mundali with its varied topography has been
rightly proposed as the Recreational Centre of the CDPA.
4.4.3
Heritage and Conservation:
Since this CDPA area has a rich and strong historical and cultural
background with numerous examples of built, natural and cultural
heritage, a special emphasis has been laid on exploring the various
aspects and framing various proposals for their conservation and
preservation.
Besides this, the development proposals also includes special emphasis
on the River front areas with provision of recreational activities at different
levels , creation of buffer areas, plantations, ghats, etc. along the various
stretches of the river front. It also includes special guidelines for the
development along the river front areas in terms of urban design inputs.
Thus, through the conservation of the built, natural and cultural heritage
an attempt has been made to give a unique identity to the CDPA region.
34
Conceptual Plan
Conclusion
4.5
Conclusion
Thus to summarize the CDP has been framed with a focus on the
following:
i. To create a well built North-South, as well as, East-West
connection in the entire length and width of the CDPA on one
hand and linking it to the rest of the BCUC on the other.
ii. Stress has been laid on the augmentation of the existing physical
links and their utilization upto the optimum levels. New
connections where proposed are done with due regards to
natural drainage, contours and built forms.
iii. To check the disparity of growth in the CDPA, a concept of
balanced and integrated growth has been principally followed.
iv. Conservation of the natural, cultural and built heritage with
emphasis on revitalisation. Rejuvenation and re-development
proposals for the new areas of the CDPA are outlined in such a
manner to promote a sustainable development of the entire
region.
v. A boost to economic development of the region has been given
by enhancing the economic potential of the region through
appropriate allocation of land uses and formation of policy
guidelines to achieve the same.
35
Conceptual Plan
(Page Left Blank Intentionally)
36

Introduction
6.1
Introduction
Traffic and Transportation is one of the key factors which has dictated
the urban structure of Cuttack. It has also guided the urban pattern
within CDPA itself. In this chapter, we will first provide an overview of
the travel characteristics observed in CDPA and then proceed to
analyse the connectivity issues for road/rail based movement
including passenger and freight. This will be followed by a brief
discussion of the existing transit and terminal facilities. Parking
characteristics acquires an increasing importance in urban planning as
the vehicle ownership and inclination for private transit options rises.
This aspect has been addressed in detail to identify the issues relevant
for
planning
future
needs.
Finally,
set
of
actions
and
recommendations has been given to meet the future mobility

requirements.
It is important to note that this exercise is based on the vision outline
provided in the Perspective Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack Urban
Complex: Vision -2030. It will be better if these recommendations are
read in conjunction with the Vision 2030 document, especially with
the proposals for Traffic and Transportation as well as the spatioeconomic allocation of future urban functions. Moreover, this work
should not be interpreted as Traffic and Transportation Plan for CDPA,
but rather as a certain set of recommendations to upgrade the existing
transport infrastructure to realize the goals of Vision-2030 made for
BCUC.
A great deal of information presented in this chapter has been based
on the surveys conducted by IIT, Kharagpur and data provided by
RITES collected for preparation of Mass Transit System for Cuttack
and Bhubaneswar.
6.2
Overview of travel characteristics
6.2.1
Vehicle ownership pattern
Nearly 3/4th of the vehicle stock in Cuttack comprises of two-wheelers.

The absolute number of two wheelers in Cuttack is very high and the
growth in these figures has been phenomenal in the past few years.
The average growth rate of all types of vehicles is around 19 percent
(in 2000-2003). The vehicle registration records are represented in
Table 6.1.
49
Table 6.1: Vehicle registration records for Cuttack
Sl.
No.
Mode
Total
Registered
up to
31st March,
2004
Registered
in
Registered
in
Registered
in
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
Two-wheeler
181232
13961
14239
17324
Car
15104
793
997
1268
Taxi
2297
112
122
138
Jeep
6673
222
113
135
Autorickshaw
3509
259
213
232
Bus
2765
58
65
70
1984
53
65
70
781
17634
692
690
812
11638
1849
973
658
3453
165
138
194
244305
18111
17550
20831
6a
6b
7
8
9
Stage
carriage
Contract
carriage
Goods
vehicle
Tractor &
Trailer
Others
Total
Source: Mass Transit System for Cuttack and Bhubaneswar, RITES 2008.
The growth of 2-wheelers has been rapid and steadily increasing

especially in comparison to car. This is clearly evident from Figure 6.1
which presents the share of total vehicular stock being added in the last
four years both for two-wheelers and cars.
Figure 6.1: Growth of two-wheeler and car in Cuttack
Nearly 9.67 percent of the households have owned a car whereas twowheelers are owned by 42.92 percent of the households. Bicycle
ownership is 44.75 percent, indicating short trip lengths and less
affordability of motorised means of transport.
50
Table 6.2: Vehicle ownership level (per capita and household level)
Sl.
No.
Mode
Vehicle ownership
levels of HHs (%)
Vehicle ownership
per 1000 population
Car
9.67
11
Two-wheeler
42.92
59
Bicycle
44.75
70
Cycle-rickshaw
1.87
Auto-rickshaw
0.35
Taxi
Bus
0.22
LCV/Truck
0.22
Others
100
143
Total
6.2.2
Travel characteristics
It has been observed that the dependence on private transit for

household travel is considerably high - nearly 55 percent as
represented in Table 6.3 Out of this, 60 percent is motorised and the
rest non-motorised in nature. The share of para-transit and public
transit is low and contributes to only 11 percent of the total mode
choice made. On the other hand, a considerable volume of walking
trips are observed, which account for more than 1/6th of the total trips.
Lack of adequate and appropriate public transit system has led to
proliferation of private mode vehicles, especially two-wheelers. Growth
in para transit modes have stagnated over the years which coupled
with the rise in private transit mode and inadequate road space and
parking infrastructure hints towards the pitiable state of transportation in
Cuttack.
Table 6.3: Mode choice for travel in Cuttack
Sl.
No.
Mode
Share of Household
trips (%)
1
2
Car
Two-wheeler
6.03
30.85
Bicycle
24.53
Cycle-rickshaw
4.29
Auto-rickshaw
2.44
6
7
8
9
10
11
Shared Autorickshaw
Taxi
Bus
Train
Chartered Bus
Walk
Total
3.7
0.36
8.22
0.43
1.32
17.85
Modal split
55.01%
Private Transit
(including motorised
and non-motorised)
11.61%
Intermediate Public
Transit/Para-transit
(including motorised
and non-motorised)
11.84%
Public Transit
100
51
The trip characteristics for work trips, education trips, shopping trips
and medical trips are represented in Tables 6.4 6.7. The overall work
trip distances in CDPA are comparable; however, the travel time within
CMC is on the higher side. The mode transfer rate is also observed to
be low for all type of trips. The predominant mode for work and
shopping trips is two wheelers in CMC and bicycles in adjoining urban
areas of Choudwar and Charbatia, and rural areas of CDPA.
Predominant mode for education trips is walking in all of CDPA.
Medical trip distances in Choudwar and Charbatia are higher compared
to other areas in CDPA.
Table 6.4: Work trip characteristics for Cuttack
Stratum
CMC
Type
CDPA Rural
Choudwar (M)
and
Charbatia C.T
10
Avg. No. of Modes
1.02
1.05
1.07
1.13
Predominant Mode
8(56.36%)
8(60%)
9(38.36%)
9(52.83%)
4.64
6.31
6.27
6.92
16.6
19.5
17.4
14.6
5.32
12.93
10.09
22.93
Average Trip
Distance in km
Average Travel
time in minutes
Average
Expenditure in INR
Source: Socio-Economic survey, 2006, IIT Kharagpur, in Collaboration with

SPARC, Bhubaneswar
Mode of Transportation: Walk = 1, Public Bus = 2, Institutional Transport = 3,
Train = 4, Taxi = 5, Auto-rickshaw = 6, Own Car = 7, Scooter / Motor Bike = 8,
Cycle = 9, Other = 10.
Table 6.5: Education trip characteristics for Cuttack

Stratum
CMC
Type
CDPA
Rural
Choudwar
(M) and
Charbatia
C.T
10
Avg. No. of Modes
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.41
Predominant Mode
1(51.18%)
1(55.86%)
1(76.88%)
1(57.29%)
1.53
1.9
3.57
16.6
19.5
17.4
14.6
5.01
4.46
6.82
6.32
Average Trip
Distance in km
Average Travel time
in minutes
Average Expenditure
in INR

SPARC, Bhubaneswar
Mode of Transportation: Walk = 1, Public Bus = 2, Institutional Transport = 3,
Train = 4, Taxi = 5, Auto-rickshaw = 6, Own Car = 7, Scooter / Motor Bike = 8,
Cycle = 9, Other = 10.
52

Table 6.6: Shopping trip characteristics for Cuttack
Stratum
CMC
Type
CDPA Rural
Choudwar
(M) and
Charbatia
C.T
10
Avg. No. of Modes
1.01
1.04
1.05
1.07
Predominant Mode
8(47.03%)
8(46.3%)
9(49.23%)
1(51.33%)
2.63
3.43
4.19
2.18
12.2
15.4
16.8
6.4
3.92
6.61
8.7
4.09
Average Trip
Distance in km
Average Travel
time in minutes
Average
Expenditure in INR

SPARC, Bhubaneswar
Mode of Transportation: Walk = 1, Public Bus = 2, Institutional Transport = 3, Train
= 4, Taxi = 5, Auto-rickshaw = 6, Own Car = 7, Scooter / Motor Bike = 8, Cycle = 9,
Other = 10
Table 6.7: Medical trip characteristics for Cuttack

Stratum
CMC
Type
CDPA Rural
Choudwar
(M) and
Charbatia
C.T
10
Avg. No. of Modes
1.02
1.1
1.29
1.82
Predominant Mode
8(33.25%)
1(36.53%)
1(29.8%)
9(27.55%)
2.78
4.99
8.3
12
12.5
19
24.4
28.8
10.81
16.31
26.38
27.22
Average Trip
Distance in km
Average Travel
time in minutes
Average
Expenditure in INR

SPARC, Bhubaneswar
Mode of Transportation: Walk = 1, Public Bus = 2, Institutional Transport = 3, Train
= 4, Taxi = 5, Auto-rickshaw = 6, Own Car = 7, Scooter / Motor Bike = 8, Cycle = 9,
Other = 10
6.3
Road transportation
6.3.1
Regional level and local level linkages
The regional road linkages from CDPA are mainly NH-5, NH-42 and the
Cuttack-Paradeep Road. NH-5 connects CDPA with BDA as well as all
the important settlements i.e. Vijaywada, Rajahmundry, Warangal,
Vishakhapatnam along with Hyderabad in the south and Balasore,
Kharagpur and Kolkata in the north. It also provides access to Puri via
NH-203 (i.e. Cuttack-Puri Road). NH-42 provides crucial linkage to
53

central
India
via
Rourkela.
Road Transportation
Cuttack-Paradeep
links
provides
connectivity to the Paradeep port.

Regional freight movement passes through NH-5 which lies at the heart
of the Cuttack urban area. This has caused serious interference with
the intra-urban movement - resulting in intermixing of the local traffic
with the regional traffic, reduction in travel speed and high accident
rates. A greater bypass alignment from Nirgundi to Kuradmal via
Athagarh has been identified to alleviate this problem through diversion
of the regional freight movement from NH-5.
BCUC region enjoys pivotal location between two most significant
freight corridors, viz., the Nagpur Rourkela Paradeep route in the
east-west
alignment
and
the
Kolkata
Vishakhapatnam
Chennai/Hyderabad route in the north-south alignment. The Cuttack

region within BCUC is positioned with excellent comparative advantage
to emerge as a regional level freight transshipment hub.
Most of the inter-urban interaction between Bhubaneswar and Cuttack
takes place via NH-5 (four lane carriageway) with limited interaction
through Nandankanan Road (intermediate/double lane) mostly due to
poor road condition and rail-road conflicts.
The share of interaction between these two cities is roughly 60 % for
passenger movement from Cuttack to Bhubaneswar and 40 % from
Bhubaneswar to Cuttack. This indicates the growing primacy of
Bhubaneswar in the region. However, this intensity of inter-urban
interaction is expected to be growing as some important state level
functions, such as the High Court, are still located in Cuttack.
Choudwar is connected to Cuttack via NH-5 and NH-42. Interaction of
Choudwar is mostly with Cuttack for purposes of work and education
trips. The passenger interaction is mainly via public transit primarily
provided by the Rourkela-Sambalpur bound regional bus services.
However, they are inadequate to cater to the growing demand for
interaction. Paratransit facilities have come up to meet this supply gap
however, higher fare structures inhibit interaction to some extent. The
regional corridor i.e. NH-42 on which the regional passenger and freight
vehicles are passing through the Choudwar town causing high
accident rate and interference with the regional traffic movement. There
is a strong public opinion to address this issue by diversion of the
freight movement. This will be addressed to a certain extent after the
proposed western bypass comes up from Nirgundi.
The accessibility to the rural parts of the CDPA is mostly through the
regional connectors as public transit options are mainly available in
these linkages. The emerging urban pattern shows that population
allocation within rural parts of CDPA has been clearly determined by
54

Road Transportation
accessibility to larger order urban centres i.e. Cuttack, Choudwar,

Bhubaneswar etc.
The intra-urban road network of Cuttack has played a key role in
evolution of the city structure and will continue to do so. The expansion
of Cuttack is restricted by rivers on all three sides. The town is not as
wide as it is long (the proportion being almost 1:4). Due to cumulative
trip loading on the urban arterials in such a linear urban arterial
network, the core always gets congested, especially during peak hours
of traffic operation. The city is now subject to expansion on either side
of the old core. On the east side along Cuttack-Paradeep road on the
other half of the NH-5 - and on the west side, towards Bidanasi, over
the area reclaimed from Mahanadi River. This will make the urban
structure more linear in nature and hence increase the traffic bottleneck
in the midsection (Badambadi Bus stand area and the College Square
area).
Moreover, the layout of internal roads in Cuttack is organic in nature
evolved entirely on incremental basis. Most of the internal urban links
are either single lane or intermediate lane with limited scope of
capacity augmentation, both horizontal and vertical. Poor surface
quality and poor geometry of intersections as well as the road links
further reduces the capacity of the roads and increases vehicular
accident rates. To alleviate the growing congestion on the internal road
links, Ring Roads all along the banks of the Mahanadi and Kathajodi
rivers have been constructed.
The NH-5 and the Kolkata-Chennai Railway link bisect Cuttack into two
halves. The rail line poses a physical barrier to the road based
movement as grade separated intersections are few. On the other
hand, local traffic with considerable share of slow moving vehicles has
to cross the NH-5 to make a trip to the other half of the town.
Interference with the regional traffic by the local traffic, results in a low
level of service as well as high accident rates. Moreover, this has
caused an impediment to the growth of the other half, the Naya Bazaar
Area creating distinct division in the urban structure.
The location of the wholesale trading zone within the central part of the
town (Malgodown area) creates major hindrances to free movement
owing to on street parking by the goods vehicles and loading/unloading
activities on the carriageway. Growing demand for on-street parking
due to rapid proliferation of two-wheeler population makes the situation
worse.
The capacity of the Bus Stand at Badambadi is insufficient, as a result
of which, many long-distances vehicles plying through the region often
park in the crossing of the national highway and the town roads,
clogging the regional traffic corridor.
55
Road Transportation
Cuttack has a high population density, which generates a significant

amount of trip density and makes it suitable for public and para-transit
options. However, in absence of planned terminal facilities (due to
space constraint) encroachment of the existing road carriageway space
is observed further lowering the capacity of the roads.
The trip distances within Cuttack are fairly negotiable (average trip
distance being 1 1.5 km) and the gentle contour of the town facilitates
slow vehicular and pedestrian movement. Thus, there is a higher
reliance on walking, bicycles, rickshaws. These slow moving vehicles
move along the vehicular carriageway and significantly interfere with
the vehicular traffic operations - lowering the vehicular travel speed.
Trade and commerce being a prime driver of the local economy, it
generates a huge influx of people from the surrounding hinterland to
the CBD of Cuttack. This leads to a huge flow of pedestrian traffic and
creates significant vehicular-pedestrian conflict. Absence of proper
signaling and signage, zebra crossing, missing road side railings
indicate that inadequate attention has been paid to the pedestrian
movement within the city. This increases pedestrian vehicular conflict
and lowers the level of service for pedestrian movement.
An inventory of all types of roads including the regional and local
linkages has been prepared with the help of Satellite images and
ground verification. A summary of distribution of roads according to
type has been presented in Table 6.8 and Map 6.1.
Table 6.8: Distribution of roads according to type
Length (km)
%age share
10 Ft. Concrete Road
Road Type
0.29
0.04
10 Ft. Road
82.96
10.75
20 Ft. Concrete Road
0.09
0.01
20 Ft. Road
165.45
21.45
30 Ft. Road
95.56
12.39
4-LANE Road
31.11
4.03
Canal Road
43.40
5.63
Canal Road (Earthen)
10.87
1.41
Double Road
68.66
8.90
Institutional/Private Road
16.45
2.13
National Highway
10.65
1.38
National Highway (6-Lane)
27.56
3.57
Other Road (Earthen)
35.15
4.56
State Highway
11.94
1.55
Wide Moorum Road
171.20
22.20
Total
771.33
100.00
6.3.2 Connectivity
To assess the level of connectivity enjoyed by various villages and
wards within the planning area, Table 6.9 represents the distribution of
56

Road Transportation
connectivity through various types of road. A brief glance at the table

has elements of surprise as the urban areas of Choudwar and
Charbatia have poorer connectivity compared to rural areas of CDPA in
terms of all weather roads. However, the rural areas have less fair
weather roads and higher percentage of cart tracks compared to
Choudwar and Charbatia leaving significant scope for upgradation in
rural road infrastructure.
Table 6.9: Percentage distribution of villages/wards by availability of
approach road
Stratum
Cuttack MC
CDPA
Rural
Choudwar (M) and Charbatia

C.T.
10
All Weather
Fair
Weather
94.29
76.92
32.2
29.41
5.71
23.08
40.68
58.82
Cart Track
20.34
5.88
Other
Not
Responded
1.69
5.08
5.88
Total
100
100
100
100
Type

SPARC, Bhubaneswar
6.3.3 Network performance

The performance of the road network has been appraised based on
extensive traffic survey of selected intersections. The summary results
and findings of this have been presented in the following section.
6.3.3.1 Intersection analysis
Intersection analysis has been carried out for 65 selected intersections,
as shown in Map 6.2. Table 6.10 provides comparative understanding
of the traffic characteristics in terms of freight and passenger vehicle
mix along with share of slow moving and fast moving traffic. A large
number of the intersections along NH-5 have very high share of freight
vehicles. Moreover, the share of slow moving traffic is also very high in
the links with considerable fast moving traffic. The pedestrian count in
many intersections is very high, coupled with high approaching
vehicular traffic volume.
57
Road Transportation
Table 6.10: Summary of intersection traffic volume analysis
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Freight
Para Transit
Private Vehicle
Passenger
Public Vehicle
Share of Total
Passenger
Carrying Vehicles (%)
Share of Total Fast

Moving Vehicles (%)
Share of Total Slow

Moving Vehicles (%)
Total Approaching
Volume (PCU)
Name of Intersection
Intersection No.
Share of Total Fast Moving Vehicles (%)
Morning Peak
5042.4
2.74
97.26
30.68
41.19
56.42
2.39
69.32
Evening Peak
6252.9
1.30
98.70
25.39
40.55
54.09
5.36
74.61
Morning Peak
2234.1
12.62
87.38
43.32
29.94
64.38
5.68
56.68
Evening Peak
2157.9
10.70
89.30
30.81
22.44
75.54
2.02
69.19
Morning Peak
2754.6
11.11
88.89
32.71
21.35
77.15
1.50
67.29
Evening Peak
3135
8.13
91.87
24.27
24.46
70.39
5.15
75.73
Morning Peak
3107.4
10.04
89.96
41.66
16.02
78.83
5.15
58.34
Evening Peak
3000.9
11.40
88.60
38.87
33.96
60.23
5.81
61.13
Morning Peak
3303.3
9.81
90.19
36.72
11.57
87.33
1.10
63.28
Evening Peak
3105.6
14.88
85.12
47.09
13.73
81.45
4.82
52.91
Morning Peak
914.4
33.79
66.21
81.47
4.50
93.07
2.43
18.53
Evening Peak
945.9
45.67
54.33
91.36
0.00
92.33
7.67
8.64
Morning Peak
473.1
46.92
53.08
73.48
0.00
100.00
0.00
26.52
Evening Peak
393.9
60.17
39.83
71.70
0.00
100.00
0.00
28.30
Morning Peak
6560.7
7.54
92.46
50.31
19.54
65.91
14.55
49.69
Evening Peak
6630.6
3.76
96.24
45.62
23.12
66.98
9.89
54.38
Morning Peak
2195.4
24.60
75.40
70.28
19.29
71.43
9.28
29.72
Evening Peak
1286.4
18.66
81.34
46.73
12.27
82.82
4.91
53.27
Morning Peak
4962.9
6.23
93.77
52.54
38.84
57.72
3.44
47.46
Evening Peak
5232.9
3.44
96.56
45.16
23.56
65.40
11.04
54.84
Morning Peak
9998.4
9.51
90.49
66.27
14.19
67.00
18.81
33.73
Evening Peak
8281.8
7.24
92.76
64.72
13.05
66.92
20.03
35.28
Naya Bazaar
Chhak
Morning Peak
3576.3
29.11
70.89
83.17
7.74
80.88
11.38
16.83
Evening Peak
2868.6
29.07
70.93
73.25
2.98
86.55
10.47
26.75
Madhupatana
Chhak
Morning Peak
8983.2
3.94
96.06
75.75
20.97
61.23
17.81
24.25
Evening Peak
8629.2
4.35
95.65
63.25
29.15
54.30
16.55
36.75
Morning Peak
7035.6
4.26
95.74
73.52
14.76
75.55
9.69
26.48
Evening Peak
7848.6
3.02
96.98
61.27
16.51
70.89
12.61
38.73
Balikuda Level
Crossing
Morning Peak
1662.6
6.32
93.68
27.89
17.13
74.59
8.29
72.11
Evening Peak
879.3
6.82
93.18
48.88
0.00
82.02
17.98
51.12
Balikuda
Chhak
Morning Peak
5994.6
2.35
97.65
64.29
10.71
77.17
12.12
35.71
Evening Peak
6260.1
2.78
97.22
56.42
12.84
70.73
16.43
43.58
Pratapnagari
Bridge
Morning Peak
5578.8
1.72
98.28
58.19
17.62
68.08
14.29
41.81
Evening Peak
5954.4
1.61
98.39
59.33
20.68
65.16
14.16
40.67
Manguli Chhak
Mundamala
Chhak
OTM Chhak
Gandhi Chhak
Kalinga Chhak
Chudakhia
Choudwar
Tinkonia Chhak
Jagatpur Golei
Chhak
IPICOL Sq.
Sikharpur Sq.
O.M.P. Chhak
Press Chhak
Continued
58
Road Transportation
21
22
23
23A
24
25
25A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Share of Total
Passenger
11.01
88.99
43.59
8.66
81.38
9.96
56.41
Evening Peak
2321.4
7.88
92.12
35.52
32.46
56.48
11.06
64.48
Madhuban
Chhak
Morning Peak
869.7
12.07
87.93
34.33
0.00
100.00
0.00
65.67
Evening Peak
1258.2
12.64
87.36
25.11
0.00
95.65
4.35
74.89
Gobindpur
Chhak
Morning Peak
465
9.68
90.32
64.57
8.19
82.96
8.85
35.43
Evening Peak
286.5
6.28
93.72
55.31
0.00
75.76
24.24
44.69
Chhatra
Bazaar Chhak
Morning Peak
1431
38.57
61.43
83.96
0.00
98.37
1.63
16.04
Evening Peak
1527.3
38.89
61.11
90.49
0.00
94.32
5.68
9.51
College
Sq.
Morning Peak
5771.4
39.19
60.81
84.75
0.75
70.20
29.05
15.25
Evening Peak
5384.1
34.10
65.90
83.07
0.00
85.75
14.25
16.93
Ranihat
Chhak
Morning Peak
6109.2
51.07
48.93
95.28
0.78
79.84
19.38
4.72
Evening Peak
5515.8
51.62
48.38
88.89
1.87
83.97
14.16
11.11
Ranihat
Chhak
Morning Peak
7557.6
47.87
52.13
93.24
0.60
67.38
32.02
6.76
Evening Peak
7095.6
49.42
50.58
91.96
0.00
75.27
24.73
8.04
Bajrakabati
Chhak
Morning Peak
8455.8
46.19
53.81
92.51
0.00
72.63
27.37
7.49
Evening Peak
6918.6
45.01
54.99
89.50
0.00
83.44
16.56
10.50
Dolamundei
Chhak
Morning Peak
7253.7
42.56
57.44
90.57
0.59
75.88
23.53
9.43
Evening Peak
5806.5
43.30
56.70
92.35
0.00
77.11
22.89
7.65
Dolamundei
Chhak
Morning Peak
4450.2
60.27
39.73
92.47
0.00
89.72
10.28
7.53
Evening Peak
5096.1
59.93
40.07
91.30
0.00
92.28
7.72
8.70
Badambadi
Sq.
Morning Peak
9182.4
34.21
65.79
92.28
9.38
54.46
36.16
7.72
Evening Peak
7659.6
36.46
63.54
94.21
10.42
57.13
32.46
5.79
Khannagar
Chhak
Morning Peak
6696.6
17.74
82.26
91.90
0.44
71.59
27.97
8.10
Evening Peak
5211.9
14.45
85.55
92.68
2.69
70.60
26.72
7.32
High Court
Chhak River
Side
Morning Peak
4560.6
10.39
89.61
93.10
1.75
70.18
28.07
6.90
Evening Peak
3289.8
8.85
91.15
90.30
5.50
69.24
25.26
9.70
High Court
Chhak
Morning Peak
3291
40.84
59.16
100.00
0.00
89.52
10.48
0.00
Evening Peak
2756.7
44.62
55.38
98.55
0.00
81.66
18.34
1.45
Morning Peak
3956.1
64.31
35.69
95.28
0.00
97.32
2.68
4.72
Evening Peak
2889
64.38
35.62
100.00
0.00
93.00
7.00
0.00
Morning Peak
3644.1
62.48
37.52
95.13
0.00
92.62
7.38
4.87
Evening Peak
3133.2
58.79
41.21
98.28
0.00
91.49
8.51
1.72
Morning Peak
3302.1
63.41
36.59
94.49
0.00
90.54
9.46
5.51
Evening Peak
3267.3
60.78
39.22
90.73
0.00
88.65
11.35
9.27
Freight
1553.7
Para Transit
Morning Peak
Private Vehicle
Trishulia
Chhak
Public Vehicle
Share of Total Fast

Moving Vehicles (%)
20
Share of Total Slow

Moving Vehicles (%)
19
Passenger
Total Approaching
Volume (PCU)
18
Intersection No.
Naya Sadak
Jail Road
Seminary
Chhak
Continued
59
Road Transportation
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
Share of Total
Passenger
Buxi Bazaar
Chhak
Morning Peak
4685.7
58.33
41.67
98.86
0.00
91.92
8.08
1.14
Evening Peak
4262.4
50.68
49.32
97.89
0.00
92.42
7.58
2.11
Mani Sahu
Chhak
Morning Peak
1701.6
50.25
49.75
92.13
0.00
96.92
3.08
7.87
Evening Peak
2307.3
40.57
59.43
91.34
0.00
97.13
2.87
8.66
Howrah
Motors
Chhak
Morning Peak
2004.9
39.35
60.65
86.58
2.11
89.91
7.98
13.42
Evening Peak
3171.9
34.05
65.95
97.88
0.00
87.69
12.31
2.12
Howrah
Motors
Chhak
Morning Peak
2339.1
43.09
56.91
87.74
3.80
83.87
12.33
12.26
Evening Peak
2993.4
28.16
71.84
97.94
0.00
81.77
18.23
2.06
Mangalabag
Sq.
Morning Peak
7449.6
51.10
48.90
98.17
0.00
66.78
33.22
1.83
Evening Peak
5137.5
50.10
49.90
91.34
0.00
78.48
21.52
8.66
Howrah
Motors
River Side
Morning Peak
1662.6
24.00
76.00
78.21
2.25
90.47
7.29
21.79
Evening Peak
2197.2
17.75
82.25
85.19
6.27
84.37
9.35
14.81
Medical
Chhak
Morning Peak
2115.9
22.97
77.03
95.44
0.00
86.89
13.11
4.56
Evening Peak
2173.8
12.28
87.72
86.38
1.82
90.89
7.29
13.62
Matha
Chhak
Morning Peak
1763.7
13.95
86.05
70.94
4.85
92.92
2.23
29.06
Evening Peak
1102.2
11.98
88.02
83.06
14.74
77.81
7.45
16.94
Stadium
Chhak
Morning Peak
2253.3
42.34
57.66
83.93
2.75
77.44
19.81
16.07
Evening Peak
1745.4
34.55
65.45
96.11
0.00
93.44
6.56
3.89
Chandi
Chhak
Morning Peak
4640.4
45.13
54.87
97.08
0.00
95.15
4.85
2.92
Evening Peak
3780.9
45.23
54.77
97.86
0.00
94.08
5.92
2.14
Chandni
Chowk
Morning Peak
3731.1
44.22
55.78
95.36
0.00
86.70
13.30
4.64
Evening Peak
3101.7
45.07
54.93
98.70
0.00
81.45
18.55
1.30
Belle view
Point
Morning Peak
4083.6
10.51
89.49
90.82
0.67
72.94
26.39
9.18
Evening Peak
3685.2
14.16
85.84
88.90
4.74
73.93
21.34
11.10
Sector - 6
Gada
Morning Peak
1469.7
12.45
87.55
68.66
0.00
89.13
10.87
31.34
Evening Peak
1487.7
11.09
88.91
76.82
6.55
84.00
9.45
23.18
Satichoura
Sq.
Morning Peak
3960
14.32
85.68
87.07
1.50
62.35
36.15
12.93
Evening Peak
3260.7
19.23
80.77
89.29
0.94
72.52
26.53
10.71
Morning Peak
2460.9
21.46
78.54
92.71
2.48
73.41
24.11
7.29
Evening Peak
2473.8
29.35
70.65
96.19
1.32
77.27
21.41
3.81
Shelter
Chhak
Morning Peak
3714
29.64
70.36
96.30
1.76
86.31
11.92
3.70
Evening Peak
2809.5
40.36
59.64
93.38
0.00
81.59
18.41
6.62
Biju Pattnaik
Chhak
Morning Peak
2532
28.67
71.33
98.34
0.00
84.46
15.54
1.66
Evening Peak
2668.2
32.49
67.51
100.00
1.23
87.44
11.33
0.00
Public Vehicle
Private Vehicle
Freight
36
Para Transit
35A
Share of Total Fast

Moving Vehicles (%)
35
Share of Total Slow

Moving Vehicles (%)
34
Passenger
Total Approaching
Volume (PCU)
33
Intersection No.
Kafla Chhak
Continued
60
Road Transportation
49.30
53.10
50.70
46.90
100.00
100.00
0.00
0.00
90.51
89.22
9.49
10.78
0.00
0.00
Deula Sahi
Chhak
Morning Peak
1878.6
44.55
55.45
100.00
6.39
80.93
12.67
0.00
50
Evening Peak
1456.5
39.13
60.87
96.62
0.00
70.58
29.42
3.38
Morning Peak
1791.6
41.53
58.47
95.76
2.21
71.47
26.32
4.24
Evening Peak
1336.8
35.01
64.99
91.44
5.59
70.24
24.17
8.56
Morning Peak
615.6
19.98
80.02
60.54
17.51
82.49
0.00
39.46
Evening Peak
385.5
25.68
74.32
79.06
13.25
86.75
0.00
20.94
Bidanasi
Baul Chhak
Morning Peak
930
34.84
65.16
85.35
4.29
70.19
25.52
14.65
Evening Peak
1128
45.21
54.79
100.00
0.00
70.87
29.13
0.00
Bentakapara
Chhak
Morning Peak
1157.4
24.62
75.38
91.47
0.00
69.92
30.08
8.53
Evening Peak
897
27.76
72.24
100.00
0.00
68.52
31.48
0.00
Sector - 9
Gada
Morning Peak
701.1
22.68
77.32
82.18
0.00
83.84
16.16
17.82
Evening Peak
808.2
8.91
91.09
53.38
0.00
93.89
6.11
46.62
Sector -12A
Gada
Morning Peak
502.2
16.73
83.27
73.17
0.00
64.71
35.29
26.83
Evening Peak
395.4
15.17
84.83
48.66
13.60
86.40
0.00
51.34
Morning Peak
354
30.51
69.49
75.61
0.00
80.65
19.35
24.39
Evening Peak
373.8
15.25
84.75
62.50
0.00
100.00
0.00
37.50
Morning Peak
657.9
40.13
59.87
58.26
0.00
89.54
10.46
41.74
Evening Peak
526.5
18.23
81.77
44.25
0.00
74.80
25.20
55.75
Sector -12B
Gada
Morning Peak
243
11.11
88.89
30.56
0.00
63.64
36.36
69.44
Evening Peak
185.7
25.85
74.15
40.31
0.00
78.38
21.62
59.69
Sector -10
Gada
Morning Peak
190.2
17.35
82.65
66.79
0.00
88.57
11.43
33.21
Evening Peak
214.5
8.39
91.61
54.20
0.00
100.00
0.00
45.80
Baimundinagar
Chhak
Morning Peak
299.7
22.02
77.98
77.66
0.00
86.78
13.22
22.34
Evening Peak
181.5
24.79
75.21
56.04
0.00
84.31
15.69
43.96
Morning Peak
2925.3
28.30
71.70
88.24
4.44
83.89
11.67
11.76
Evening Peak
2660.4
18.27
81.73
88.41
3.87
89.89
6.24
11.59
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
Freight
1497
1186.5
Para Transit
Morning Peak
Evening Peak
Private Vehicle
Panchamukhi
Chhak
Public Vehicle
Share of Total Fast

Moving Vehicles (%)
Share of Total
Passenger
Share of Total Slow

Moving Vehicles (%)
49
Intersection No.
Total Approaching
Volume (PCU)
Passenger
Bandha Chhak
Chahata Sq.
Naraj Point (N)
Naraj Point (S)
Jobra Chhak
61

6.4
Rail Connectivity
Rail Connectivity
South-eastern and East-Coast railways link Cuttack with Kolkata,

Ranchi, Tata, Asansol Durgapur and the rest of North India via
Balasore and Kharagpur. This also provides rail connectivity to the
important urban centers down South such as Vijaywada, Rajahmundry,
Warangal, and Vishakhapatnam along with Hyderabad. Khurda Road
and Bhubaneswar are the two important stations along this route. This
region also enjoys rail connectivity to Paradeep, Rourkela, Nagpur and
other parts of central and western India via Cuttack.
6.5
Transit and Terminal facilities
The private mode of transit is around 55 percent - way above the public
and para transit modes. The high usage of private mode of transit can
be attributed to the overwhelming use of two wheelers and bicycles.
Walking as a mode of transit is close to 18 percent - mostly due to flat
terrain and short trip lengths in CDPA. Para transit contributes to only
11.61 percent of the total trips, the majority of which is made by cycle
rickshaws (close to 37 percent). Public transit facilities contribute only
11.84 percent and the majority of which can be attributed to bus trips.
The trends for the transit modes usage in CDPA shows that slow
moving vehicles (private as well as para transit modes) is preferred due
to narrow winding roads and poor road geometry, where motorised
modes have maneuvering difficulties. The public mode of transportation
is limited to bus services due to limited rail service catering mostly at
inter-regional level.
Table 6.11: Percentage distribution of Villages/Wards by
availability of local transport
Stratum
Type
CMC
CDPA Rural
Choudwar
(M) and
Charbatia
C.T.
10
Town Bus
22.86
15.38
10.17
41.18
Auto
31.43
69.23
11.86
5.88
Rickshaw
42.86
7.69
3.39
29.41
Other
Not
Responded
2.86
55.93
11.76
7.69
18.64
11.76
Total
100
100
100
100

SPARC, Bhubaneswar
Table 6.11 presents the accessibility via various public/para-transit

modes for villages and wards within the planning area. Public transit
within CMC is lower compared to Choudwar and Charbatia indicating
62
Transit & Terminal Facilities
limited road space in CMC area. However, auto and cycle rickshaws
are predominant in the Cuttack MC area as the prevalent modes of
para transit. However, this share diminishes considerably in rural CDPA
and adjoining urban areas. The choice of transit is conditioned by the
prevalent road infrastructure. The high patronage of two wheelers can
be attributed to the inadequate road infrastructure and parking
problems. The higher shares of slow moving vehicles aggravate the
problems for motorised modes like cars and buses.
City bus services are not a popular public transit mode. There are only
3 routes with fleet size less than 20 managed by private operators.
Most of the busses operate along the Ring Road serving peripheral
areas of the town and nearby settlements.
The routing and scheduling is primarily guided by commuter demand
and the official operating schedules is frequently flouted. The deficiency
of bus services has led to rapid proliferation of auto-rickshaws. Nearly
3500 auto-rickshaws cater to the intra-urban travel demand. The route
and fare structure is flexible to commuter demand. Flat terrain and
shorter trip length also lead to huge patronage for cycle-rickshaw
movement.
The terminal facilities for bus and rail transit are not up to the mark. The
Badambadi bus stand does not have the capacity to accommodate the
existing bus parking demand. It also does not have any scope for
capacity augmentation. Moreover, spill of bus parking from this terminal
facility to the adjoining road linkages creates significant interference to
the intra-urban movement. Relocation of this regional level bus terminal
facility away from the congested core is an immediate necessity not
only to improve the terminal infrastructure but also to reduce the
negative externalities generated from the regional level bus movement
on the congested urban road network. Moreover, very low patronage
for intra-urban and inter-urban (within BCUC) travel by train has
resulted in neglect of rail passenger transport infrastructure. The
passenger boarding/alighting volume at selected railway stations
represented in Table 6.12 point out that nearly 86 percent of the rail
passenger interaction takes place via the Cuttack main railway station,
followed by Jagatpur (5-6 percent) railway station.
Table 6.12: Passenger interaction at selected railway stations
Sl no.
Name of the station
Total daily volume

(no.s)
Peak hour
volume (no.s)
Cuttack Main
19065
1862
2
3
Kathajodi
Jagatpur
1077
1169
304
218
Manguli-Choudwar
612
134
Total/Average
21923 (Total)
630 (Average)
63
Transit & Terminal Facilities
Table 6.13 presents the boarding/alighting volume at the major

passenger transshipment locations. Bus stoppages are located along
the NH-5 and Ring Road.
Table 6.13: Passenger interaction at selected bus stoppages
Sl
no.
Location of the stoppage
Total daily
volume
(no.s)
Peak hour
volume
(no.s)
Kendrapada Roundabout (Jagatpur)

NH-5
4299
284
OMP Square NH-5
3814
267
Link Road NH-5
3256
249
Bidanasi Embankment Road
916
123
Link Road (Near ROB) NH-5
1371
104
Khapuria (Press Chhak) NH-5
450
59
Choudwar Bus Stop NH-5
1167
58
Telengapentha NH-5
623
40
High Court Embankment Road
643
33
Organised freight terminal/transshipment facilities are almost nonexistent Cuttack. Huge volume of on-street parking of truck and multiaxle vehicles are observed near Malgodown area due to inadequate
off-street truck terminal facilities. Whole sale functions located in this
zone attract large freight vehicles creating hindrance to intra-urban
movement. Freight vehicle parking is also observed along the NH-5
and NH-42 mostly due to lack of any organised terminal or
transshipment facility.
6.6
Parking characteristics
Nearly 95 percent of the parking demand in Cuttack is on-street in

nature. Parking surveys has been carried out in 64 stretches within the
town where parking accumulation is observed to be significant. The
details of the parking survey results have been provided in Table 6.14
and 6.15 and represent the parking accumulation of private and paratransit vehicles in Bhubaneswar. The locations with highest level of
parking accumulation are also indicated in these tables.
Some locations i.e. College Sq, Ranihat Chhak, Bajrakabati Chhak,
Dolamundei Chhak, Badambadi Sq, Madhupatana Chhak, High Court
Chhak, Naya Sadak, Stadium Chhak, Chandi Chhak have very high
parking of bicycles, two-wheelers and cars. Most of these parking are
for the commercial activities along these links. Lack of off-street parking
facilities (either within building premises or outside) force them to park
along the street.
64
Table 6.14: Parking accumulation of bicycle, two-wheelers and car/jeep
Location
No.
Stretch
Bicycle
2-wheeler
Car/jeep
Morning
Evening
Morning
Evening
Morning
Evening
Intersection 1 to 2
22
32
16
23
Intersection 2 to 3
Intersection 3 to 4
12
Intersection 4 to 5
10
12
12
14
Intersection 5 to 6
51
31
50
34
Intersection 4 to 7
29
23
19
14
Intersection 7 to 3
32
23
Intersection 1 to 8
12
Intersection 8 to 9
51
122
57
91
11
10
Intersection 8 to 10
11
12
13
12
11
57
34
31
23
12
12
23
12
13
58
65
62
52
14
10
12
11
15
20
29
19
16
130
80
145
115
35
29
17
12
10
18
14
11
23
14
19
11
20
17
12
12
21
12
13
22
12
15
23
17
13
34
15
24
98
76
92
99
10
10
25
179
142
166
115
26
140
150
200
160
11
27
186
150
222
132
17
14
28
121
176
133
219
10
18
29
30
32
32
35
35
31
19
12
32
33
23
20
30
23
34
26
33
22
23
35
54
34
46
30
36
26
21
20
23
37
56
62
44
42
38
13
31
13
10
39
37
13
32
11
40
22
13
23
12
41
119
85
101
94
12
42
77
47
51
40
43
56
32
32
21
44
65
70
51
56
9
Continued
65
Bicycle
2-wheeler
Car/jeep
Location
No.
Stretch
Morning
Evening
Morning
Evening
Morning
Evening
45
31
12
14
10
46
13
10
47
43
23
43
33
48
99
151
101
106
14
16
49
223
251
168
224
50
37
15
37
15
51
12
14
11
52
54
88
41
105
26
53
119
45
76
34
54
197
367
176
309
14
26
55
219
374
222
350
12
56
43
34
70
50
57
118
171
79
167
58
103
74
49
64
59
124
58
83
66
60
88
98
78
98
61
31
52
30
80
13
62
25
33
63
41
43
48
37
12
64
22
14
10
12
*Coloured cells indicate top 10 parking accumulation locations for each mode for a particular time
Para transit is one of the dominant modes of movement in CMC and

parking of these para transit vehicles (particularly at the intersections)
creates a lot of interference to the traffic flow operations. Locations i.e.
Press Chhak, Balikuda Crossing, Pratapnagari Bridge, Ranihat Chhak,
Bajrakabati Chhak, Buxi Bazaar Chhak, Medical Chhak, Bandha Chhak
have very high level of cycle-rickshaw parking. Kalinga Chhak,
Chudakhia, Choudwar Tinkonia Chhak, Jagatpur Golei Chhak, IPICOL
Sq, Sikharpur Sq, Naya bazaar Chhak, Press Chhak, Balikuda Chhak,
etc. have high levels of on street auto rickshaw parking.
66
Table 6.15: Parking accumulation of para-transit vehicles
Cycle Rickshaw
Auto Rickshaw
Stretch
Morning
Evening
Morning
Evening
Intersection 1 to 2
Intersection 2 to 3
Intersection 3 to 4
12
10
Intersection 4 to 5
Intersection 5 to 6
Intersection 4 to 7
Intersection 7 to 3
Intersection 1 to 8
Intersection 8 to 9
11
10
11
12
13
11
14
15
16
55
14
25
14
17
21
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
11
24
11
25
23
10
10
26
12
17
27
13
28
19
17
16
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
10
15
39
40
41
10
42
10
43
44
45
10
1
14
1
5
0
4
0
Location
No.
Continued
67
Cycle Rickshaw
Auto Rickshaw
Stretch
Morning
Evening
Morning
Evening
46
47
48
21
13
49
16
50
51
52
11
53
54
24
51
55
55
15
56
18
11
57
38
43
58
24
13
59
32
60
15
61
62
63
23
21
64
17
11
Location
No.
*Coloured cells indicate top 10 parking accumulation locations for each mode for a
particular time
Apart from these private and para-transit vehicles, large volume of

truck/trailer and bus parking (on-street) has been observed at various
stretches.
Significant volume of truck parking is observed along the NH-5 and
other important road links near Manguli Chhak, Mundamala Chhak,
Kalinga Chhak, Jagatpur Golei Chhak, IPICOL Sq, Sikharpur Sq, OMP
Chhak, etc. Nearly 285 trucks and Multi Axle Vehicles (MAV)s are
observed to park along the street during the morning peak hours.
6.7
Road accident and safety
Huge volume of regional traffic passes through the Cuttack town which
leads to significant conflict between slow moving and fast moving
vehicles. Mixing of slow and fast moving vehicles not only slow the
movement along the regional corridors but also increases the accident
risks. Nearly 41 percent of the road accidents take place along the NH5. Truck/MAVs contribute to 43 percent of the road accidents (Refer
Table 6.16). Pedestrian-vehicular conflict is one of the most important
contributors to the increasing accident risks. The busiest crossings in
terms of vehicular traffic volume within Cuttack also have the highest
volume of pedestrian traffic (along/crossing the road) and slow moving
vehicles such as Jail Road, Buxi Bazaar Chhak, Mangalabag Sq. Other
68
Road Accident & Safety
critical intersections are Naya Sadak, Mani Sahu Chhak, Panchamukhi

Chhak, Choudwar Tinkonia Chhak, to name a few. The pedestrian
facilities are non-existent in most of these intersections which
increases the intensity of pedestrian-vehicular conflict.
Table 6.16: Road accident records in Cuttack
Sl. No.
Parameters
Value
1
2
3
4
4a
4b
4c
5
5a
5b
6
6a
6b
Deaths per 100 accidents

Injuries per 100 accidents
Accident per 1000 vehicles
Fatalities by Mode
Truck/MAV
Two-wheeler
Bus
Incidence of accident
Along National Highway
State Highway
Cause of accident
Human error
Involvement of old vehicles
30
110
2.7
43 percent
20 percent
14 percent
41 percent
30 percent
72 percent
42 percent
6.8
Recommended actions
6.8.1
Improvement of Transit facilities
The existing transit pattern is highly reliant on private modes (mostly 2wheelers) compared to public transit modes. In many cases para-transit
is replacing the public transit system. This imposes a huge burden on
the existing transport infrastructure of the city, which is nearing virtual
collapse unless some radical measures are taken to address it.
Keeping this in mind, Department of Commerce and Transport,
Government of Orissa had commissioned RITES Ltd. to carry out a
study on Mass Transit System in Cuttack and Bhubaneswar. Based on
an extensive data base, it has concluded that there is an immediate
need for high capacity mass transit corridors with improved level of
service. They have recommended alignments after evaluating several
alternative alignments. The alignment passing through the Cuttack city
starts from Bidanasi and stretches up to CRRI campus near Sikharpur
area passing through Buxi Bazaar and Malgodown area. This
alignment is mainly to cater to the intra-urban mobility needs. This
proposed alignment will also have connections to the inter-urban
component of the MRTS alignment. From Bidanasi it will have a direct
link to Bhubaneswar via Chandaka industrial estate. The internal MRTS
alignment will also cross the Bhubaneswar-Choudwar link near OMP
Chhak area.
69
Recommended Actions
Road based mass transit technologies have been recommended

particularly where adequate road space is available. In most parts of
the recommended alignment, ROW of 300 ft has been reserved to
accommodate any type of mass transit technology option. However,
within the Cuttack city, elevated alignment seems to be the only
solution. A detailed techno-economic feasibility study will be needed to
decide upon the appropriate type of technology addressing a wide
range of issues i.e. land availability, local urban environment, urban
design issues, heritage and built environment, financial implications etc.
In case the elevated mass transit alignment across congested urban
core cannot be implemented, high capacity road-based bus transit
system is recommended as a feasible public transit alternative. A brief
look at the projected Peak Hour Peak Direction Transit Trip demand for
Year 2031 along the elevated alignment suggested by RITES indicates
that bus transit facility along the ring road on both side of the Cuttack
city will be able to provide similar form of mass transit options. Bus
transit facilities along the ring roads and some important cross links
through the town combined with para transit feeder services on the
internal road links seem to be the most responsive public transit system
for the old and congested city structure of Cuttack.
The existing terminal at Badambadi creates huge interference to the
intra-urban traffic movement due to ingress and egress of large
passenger busses on narrow and capacity constrained urban arterials.
Moreover, spillover parking of busses outside the terminal has made
the condition worse. There is an immediate need to relocate the
regional bus terminal facility from the city core and restrict the
movement of busses on selected urban arterials. Looking at the ROW
available in the existing road network, it would be appropriate to restrict
most of the bus/minibus movement along the Ring Road with some
access routed to the core. A large part of the city road links need to be
restricted from access of large vehicles (both passenger and freight). In
some locations, smaller para-transit vehicles can operate as they will
be more suitable to negotiate narrow and winding lanes of the old city
core. A traffic management plan indicating circulation pattern for
various types of modes with temporal variation is very much needed in
Cuttack. This plan will indicate the links reserved for pedestrian and
slow moving vehicular movement, links where entry of large vehicles
are not to be allowed, parking plan, transit stoppage and terminal
location (for bus stops, auto-rickshaw dropping zones, cycle-rickshaw
stands etc.) all integrated to efficiently manage the burgeoning traffic
demand of the city on a road network which has limited scope for
physical capacity augmentation.
70
Recommended Actions
6.8.2
Augmentation of road network capacity
Based on the existing traffic volume and proposed allocation of

economic and residential functions, there is a need to augment the
network primarily to extend accessibility to the newly proposed areas
as well as to reduce the growing congestion in the existing links.
Some of the proposed links aim to increase regional level as well as
inter-urban level connectivity. They are:
i) Direct link from Nandankanan Road to Cuttack (at Bidanasi) through
construction of a new bridge on River Kathajodi This will create an
alternative and shorter approach to Cuttack via Naraj Barrage from
Bhubaneswar.
ii) Direct link from Bidanasi to NH-42 via a proposed bridge over
Mahanadi This link will also provide direct access from Cuttack to the
proposed western bypass.
iii) Eastern bypass starting from Nirgundi and connecting the CuttackPuri link Road near Pipili Some linkages from CDPA have been
connected to this proposed bypass.
iv) Direct link between NH-5 and the Nandankanan Road via a
proposed bridge over River Kuakhai.
Apart from these, a lot of internal linkages have been proposed in
Nimapur, Nirgundi, Choudwar, Barang and Mundali area. Two bridges
have been proposed over River Birupa to improve connectivity between
Nimapur and Nirgundi as well as Choudwar.
Two ring roads have been proposed on the eastern part of the Cuttack
town starting from NH-5, along the river banks and meeting the
Cuttack-Paradeep Road at the end of Sikharpur zone. Apart from these
roads, existing ring roads on the western part of the Cuttack town
(Bidanasi and newly reclaimed areas) have been proposed for
augmentation. These proposed linkages will complete the Ring Road
system in Cuttack along the periphery of the adjoining rivers and
provide faster access to any part of the city.
The detailed road structure along with the hierarchy of the links is
shown in Map 6.3. The ROW of these links has been decided by the
existing land availability, augmentation potential and the connectivity
required by activities proposed in abutting areas. The length of
proposed road hierarchy is shown in Table 6.17.
Most of the internal urban links within Cuttack do not offer any scope
for horizontal expansion. The options for grade separated movement
are also restricted. In this context, the only way to improve the network
capacity is efficient traffic circulation and management plan.
71
Recommended Actions
Some of the congested retail trading zones need to be restricted from

vehicular access and completely pedestrianised. However, pedestrian
zones have to be identified in such way that vehicular access is
available within 0.5km. Some of the links require complete restriction to
access for large vehicles. Any urban arterials which are intermediate
lane or less than that should have some restriction for ingress and
egress for large vehicles at least temporally. Parking for private
transit modes as well as para transit modes has to be managed by
creating a parking management plan which will earmark links for
complete/partial/temporal restriction of on-street parking. Apart from
that a host of traffic management interventions are required to improve
the network capacity, especially at the intersections.
Intersection capacity improvement and other recommendations to
improve pedestrian/cyclist safety are based on the peak hour vehicular
volume observed in 2008. For future projections, the vehicular growth
rate has been assumed to be 4 percent per annum whereas pedestrian
volume is assumed to increase by 5 percent per annum.
Table 6.17: Proposed road width, length and percentage share
Road Type
(according to ROW)
Length (in km)
Percentage share
300 ft ROW
39.19
8.3
200 ft ROW
115.98
24.57
150 ft ROW
73.68
15.61
100 ft ROW
121.74
25.79
80 ft ROW
116.42
24.67
60 ft ROW
4.98
1.06
Total
471.99
100.0
Table 6.18: Recommended actions for intersection traffic management
Facility
Remarks
IRC Code
Warrant
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
Advisable
IRC:11 1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Advisable
IRC:93-1985
Interchanges
Advisable in 2030
IRC:92-1985
(PV2 < 1011)

Warrant I
Peak Hour Volume of Right
Turning Vehicles < 30% of the
total motorised vehicles
Warrant II
Peak Hour Traffic Volume >
10000 PCU
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Not Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Manguli Chhak
Intersection 1:
Grade separated
Pedestrian Facilities
Cycle Tracks
Mundamala Chhak
Intersection 2:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
(PV2 < 1011)

Warrant I/II
Continued
72
Recommended Actions
Facility
Remarks
IRC Code
Warrant
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Warrant I/II
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Not Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
Advisable
Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:11-1962
IRC:65-1976
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
Advisable
Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:11-1962
IRC:65-1976
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Warrant I/II
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Not Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Warrant I/II
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Not Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Warrant I/II
Traffic Signals
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
Interchanges
Advisable in 2030
IRC:92-1985

10000 PCU
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
Advisable
Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:11-1962
IRC:65-1976
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
Advisable
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
IRC:65-1976
IRC:93-1985
Warrant I
Advisable in 2030
IRC:92-1985
OTM Chhak
Intersection 3:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Gandhi
Chhak
Intersection 4:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Traffic Rotaries
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Warrant II
Kalinga Chhak
Intersection 5:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Traffic Rotaries
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Warrant I
Chudakhia
Intersection 6:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Choudwar Tinkonia
Chhak
Intersection 7:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Jagatpur Golei Chhak
Intersection 8:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
IPICOL Sq.
Intersection 9:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Traffic Rotaries
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Warrant I
Sikharpur Sq.
Intersection 10:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Traffic Rotaries
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Warrant I/II
10000 PCU
Continued
73
Facility
Recommended Actions
Remarks
IRC Code
Warrant
Advisable in 2015
IRC:103-1988
(PV2>1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Advisable
IRC:93-1985
Interchanges
Advisable in 2015
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
Warrant I/II
10000 PCU
Advisable in 2030
IRC:103-1988
(PV2>1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
Warrant I/II
Advisable in 2030
IRC:103-1988
(PV2>1011)
Warrant I/II
3000 vehicles
Warrant I/II
10000 PCU
O.M.P. Chhak
Intersection 11:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Naya Bazaar Chhak
Intersection 12:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Madhupatana Chhak
Intersection 13:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Advisable
IRC:93-1985
Interchanges
Advisable in 2015
IRC:92-1985
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Advisable
IRC:93-1985
Interchanges
Advisable in 2015
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
3000 vehicles
Warrant I/II
10000 PCU
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
Advisable
Not Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:11-1962
IRC:65-1976
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Advisable
IRC:93-1985
Interchanges
Advisable in 2030
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I
Warrant I/II
10000 PCU
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Advisable
IRC:93-1985
Interchanges
Advisable in 2030
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I
Warrant II
10000 PCU
Press Chhak
Intersection 14:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Balikuda
Level Crossing
Intersection 15:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Traffic Rotaries
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Balikuda Chhak
Intersection 16:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Pratapnagari Bridge
Intersection 17:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Continued
74
Recommended Actions
Facility
Remarks
IRC Code
Warrant
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Warrant I
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Not Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Warrant I
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Not Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
Trishulia Chhak
Intersection 18:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Madhuban Chhak
Intersection 19:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Gobindpur Chhak
Intersection 20:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
(PV2 < 1011)
Not Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Not Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Warrant I/II
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Not Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Advisable in 2030
IRC:103-1988
(PV2>1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Advisable
IRC:93-1985
Interchanges
Advisable in 2030
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
Warrant I/II
10000 PCU
Advisable in 2030
IRC:103-1988
(PV2>1011)
Warrant I/II
3000 vehicles
Warrant I/II
10000 PCU
Peak Hour Traffic Volume < 500

vehicles
Chhatra Bazaar
Chhak
Intersection 21:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
College Sq.
Intersection 22:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Ranihat Chhak
Intersection 23:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Advisable
IRC:93-1985
Interchanges
Advisable in 2030
IRC:92-1985
Advisable in 2015
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Warrant I/II
3000 vehicles
Traffic Signals
Advisable
IRC:93-1985
Warrant I/II
Interchanges
Advisable in 2030
IRC:92-1985

10000 PCU
Ranihat Chhak
Intersection 23A:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Continued
75
Facility
Recommended Actions
Remarks
IRC Code
Warrant
Advisable in 2030
IRC:103-1988
(PV2>1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Advisable
IRC:93-1985
Interchanges
Advisable in 2015
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
Warrant I/II
10000 PCU
Advisable in 2030
IRC:103-1988
(PV2>1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Advisable
IRC:93-1985
Interchanges
Advisable in 2030
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
Warrant I/II
10000 PCU
Advisable in 2030
IRC:103-1988
(PV2>1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Advisable
IRC:93-1985
Interchanges
Advisable in 2030
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
3000 vehicles
Warrant I/II
10000 PCU
Advisable in 2030
IRC:103-1988
(PV2>1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Advisable
IRC:93-1985
Interchanges
Advisable in 2015
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
3000 vehicles
Warrant I/II
10000 PCU
Advisable in 2030
IRC:103-1988
(PV2>1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Advisable
IRC:93-1985
Interchanges
Advisable in 2030
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
3000 vehicles
Warrant I/II
10000 PCU
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
Bajrakabati Chhak
Intersection 24:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Dolamundei Chhak
Intersection 25:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Dolamundei Chhak
Intersection 25A:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Badambadi Sq.
Intersection 26:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Khannagar Chhak
Intersection 27:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
High Court Chhak

River Side
Intersection 28:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Warrant I/II
3000 vehicles
Warrant I/II
10000 PCU
Traffic Signals
Advisable
IRC:93-1985
Interchanges
Advisable in 2030
IRC:92-1985
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
Warrant I/II
High Court Chhak
Intersection 29:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Continued
76
Recommended Actions
Facility
Remarks
IRC Code
Warrant
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
Not Advisable
Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:11-1962
IRC:65-1976
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
3000 vehicles
Warrant I/II
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
Turning Vehicles < 30% of
the total motorised vehicles
Warrant I
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)

Warrant I/II
3000 vehicles
Warrant I/II
10000 PCU
Naya Sadak
Intersection 30:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Traffic Rotaries
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Warrant I/II
Jail Road
Intersection 31:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Seminary Chhak
Intersection 32:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Buxi Bazaar Chhak
Intersection 33:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Advisable
IRC:93-1985
Interchanges
Advisable in 2030
IRC:92-1985
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
Advisable
Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:11-1962
IRC:65-1976
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
Warrant I/II
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
Warrant I/II
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)

Warrant I/II
3000 vehicles
Warrant I/II
10000 PCU
Mani Sahu
Chhak
Intersection 34:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Traffic Rotaries
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Warrant I
Howrah Motor
Chhak
Intersection 35:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Howrah Motors
Chhak
Intersection 35A:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Mangalabag Sq.
Intersection 36:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Advisable
IRC:93-1985
Interchanges
Advisable in 2030
IRC:92-1985
Continued
77

Facility
Recommended Actions
Remarks
IRC Code
Warrant
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
Warrant I/II
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
Advisable
Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:11-1962
IRC:65-1976
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
Warrant I/II
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
Warrant I/II
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Advisable
IRC:93-1985
Interchanges
Advisable in 2030
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
Warrant I/II
10000 PCU
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
Warrant I/II
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
Warrant I/II
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
Advisable
Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:11-1962
IRC:65-1976
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I
Howrah Motor
River Side
Intersection 37:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Medical Chhak
Intersection 38:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Traffic Rotaries
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Warrant I/II
Matha Chhak
Intersection 39:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Stadium Chhak
Intersection 40:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Chandi Chhak
Intersection 41:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Chandni Chowk
Intersection 42:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Belle view Point
Intersection 43:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Sector - 6 Gada
Intersection 44:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Traffic Rotaries
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Warrant I
Continued
78

Recommended Actions
Facility
Remarks
IRC Code
Warrant
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)

Warrant I/II
3000 vehicles
Warrant I/II
Satichoura Sq.
Intersection 45:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Warrant I/II
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976

Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
3000 vehicles
Warrant I/II
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
3000 vehicles
Warrant I/II
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
Advisable
Not Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:11-1962
IRC:65-1976
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
Advisable
Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:11-1962
IRC:65-1976
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Warrant I/II
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976

Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
Advisable
Not Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:11-1962
IRC:65-1976
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I
Kafla Chhak
Intersection 46:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Shelter Chhak
Intersection 47:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Biju Pattnaik
Chhak
Intersection 48:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Panchamukhi
Chhak
Intersection 49:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Traffic Rotaries
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Deula Sahi
Chhak
Intersection 50:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Traffic Rotaries
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Warrant I
Bandha Chhak
Intersection 51:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Chahata Sq.
Intersection 52:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Traffic Rotaries
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Continued
79
Facility
Recommended Actions
Remarks
IRC Code
Warrant
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
Advisable
Not Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:11-1962
IRC:65-1976
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
Advisable
Not Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:11-1962
IRC:65-1976
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I/II
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Warrant I
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Not Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
Advisable
Not Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:11-1962
IRC:65-1976
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Warrant I
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1988
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Warrant I
Peak Hour Traffic Volume <
500 vehicles
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Not Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1985
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1989
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
Advisable
Not Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:11-1962
IRC:65-1977
IRC:93-1986
IRC:92-1986
Warrant I/II
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1990
(PV2 < 1011)
Not Advisable
IRC:11-1964
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Not Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1987
IRC:92-1987
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1991
Not Advisable
IRC:11-1965
Traffic Rotaries
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Not Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1988
IRC:92-1988
Bidanasi
Baul Chhak
Intersection 53:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Traffic Rotaries
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Bentakapara
Chhak
Intersection 54:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Traffic Rotaries
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Sector-9 Gada
Intersection 55:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Sector-12A
Gada
Intersection 56:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Traffic Rotaries
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Naraj Point (N)
Intersection 57:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Naraj Point (S)
Intersection 58:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Traffic Rotaries
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Sector-12B Gada
Intersection 59:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks

Sector-10
Gada
Intersection 60:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
(PV2 < 1011)

Peak Hour Traffic Volume <
500 vehicles
Continued
80

Recommended Actions
Facility
Remarks
IRC Code
Warrant
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1992
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Warrant I
Not Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1989
IRC:92-1989
Not Advisable
IRC:103-1993
(PV2 < 1011)
Advisable
IRC:11-1962
Not Advisable
IRC:65-1976
Advisable
Not Advisable
IRC:93-1985
IRC:92-1990
Warrant I/II
Warrant I/II
Baimundinagar
Chhak
Intersection 61:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Traffic Rotaries
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Jobra Chhak
Intersection 62:
Grade separated
Cycle Tracks
Traffic Rotaries
Traffic Signals
Interchanges
Rotaries are not advisable within the urban area as they are very much
land intensive in nature. It is better to replace them with signalised
intersections which have higher traffic handling capacity compared to
rotaries. Only when two intersections come very close and queuing
from one signal can affect the other even if synchronised signals are
used, rotaries can be justified. On the other hand, intersections along
high speed corridors can have signalised intersection even if the traffic
volume does not warrant. This is mainly to reduce the accident risk in
these locations.
Grade separated interchanges are recommended in at least 5 locations
by year 2015 and 15 locations by the year 2030. The five locations are
OMP Chhak, Madhupatana Chhak, Press Chhak, Bajrakabati Chhak
and Badambadi Square.
6.8.3
Creation of parking facilities
Parking demand will stress the transport infrastructure in a significant

way in the coming future. Most of the demand will be from twowheelers which are increasing at a very high rate. On the other hand
though car ownership is growing less rapidly, it takes more space for
parking. It has been estimated from various studies that a car/twowheeler requires 2-3 parking spaces excluding one at the place of
residence.
Most of present parking demand is met by on-street parking. On-street
parking occupies a lane of vehicular carriageway on one or either side
and creates interference to abutting flow during ingress/egress from the
parking lot.
81
Recommended Actions
Most of the road links within the city are either single lane or
intermediate lane - where complete/partial restriction on on-street
parking of four-wheelers is urgently required. Some off-street parking
spaces either at-grade or grade separated will be needed to meet the
future parking demand. As land parcels available with the old core area
for such parking facility is hard to find, some facilities along the
peripheral ring road can be provided. Due to proximity most parts of the
CBD is accessible from the ring road by walking. Innovative parking
arrangements i.e. TDR, granting extra FAR etc. can be applied to
create off-street parking infrastructure within the city itself.
The existing traffic volume in some of the links are high and large
accumulation of on-street parking due to commercial activities interfere
with the traffic operations and lower the level of service in these
important arterials.
As per the recommendations of the study on Mass Transit System for
Cuttack and Bhubaneswar, prepared by RITES in 2008, parking
volume and the resultant negative impacts warrant complete ban of onstreet parking on the following stretches i. NH-5 stretch from within the Cuttack town
ii. Bajrakabati Road (Badambadi to Dolamundei)
iii. Chhatra Bazaar
iv. College Road (College Chhak to Ranihat Chhak)
v. Mangalabag Road (Telephone Bhawan to Ranihat
Chhak)
vi. Nuapatna Road
vii. Jail Road (Buxi Bazaar to Jail Road Chhak)
viii. High Court Road
ix. Haripur Road
x. Pithapur Road
xi. Naya Bazaar Road
xii. Cuttack-Paradeep Road
Partial ban is recommended for the following stretches.
i. Kathajodi embankment Road
ii. North Bidanasi embankment Road
iii. Mahanadi stone revetment Road
iv. Bajrakabati Road
v. Jail Road (Fire Station to Buxi Bazaar Chhak)
vi. Cantonment Road
vii. Cuttack-Chandi Road
viii. Mission Road (Chandi Mandir Chhak to Buxi Bazaar
Chhak)
ix. College Road (Railway station to College Chhak)
x. Old Jagannath Road
82
Recommended Actions
The entire parking demand in these links has to be made by the

parking supply within building premises or through creation of off-street
parking facility either at surface or multi-level.
Based on the availability of space and concurrence of parking demand,
certain locations have also been identified for major off-street parking
facility locations. The findings of the study on Mass Transit System for
Cuttack and Bhubaneswar, prepared by RITES in 2008 also
corroborate with the outcome.
Table 6.19: Selected off-street parking locations
Location
Preferred type of
parking
Railway station
Kathajodi
Passenger
Halt
Badambadi bus stand
Puri bus stand
Paradeep bus stand
Equivalent Car Parking

space (no.s)*
Surface/Multi-level
Surface
500
200
Surface
Surface
Surface
100
50
50
* Estimated for Year 2015
Table 6.20: Expected off-street parking demand at

selected locations
Private Transit Modes
Exhibited demand
(in no.s)
Year 2008
Bicycle
High Court Chhak to Naya Sadak
Dolamundei Chhak
Stadium Chhak to Chandi Chhak
College Square
Jagatpur Golei Chhak to IPICOL
Chhak
Assumed CAGR @ 6percent per annum
Two-wheeler
Dolamundei Chhak
High Court Chhak to Naya Sadak
College Square to Ranihat Chhak
Car
Dolamundei Chhak to Badambadi
Sq.
College Sq.
Naya Sadak
Howrah Motor to Riverside
Expected
Demand (in no.s)
Year 2015
860
500
406
362
1300
750
600
550
122
180
366
826
441
330
630
1420
750
560
56
75
35
64
25
25
45
85
35
35
Demand for para-transit vehicles is comparable to the demand for

public transit facilities. Cycle-rickshaw is the most prevalent form of
para-transit mode as motorized modes finds it difficult to negotiate the
inadequate road space and poor road geometry. The locations which
have been identified along with required parking space is listed in
Tables 6.21 and 6.22. The management of these para-transit terminal
facilities also requires attention as often parking takes place in an
83
Recommended Actions
undisciplined and unorganized manner reducing the capacity of the

parking facility. Additional facilities like pre-paid booking and passenger
waiting facilities needs to be incorporated in these para-transit terminal
locations. It must be kept in mind that the list provides only a selected
few of the locations which are deemed important. However, additional
para-transit parking spaces have to be developed at various other
locations as per the growing demand.
Table 6.21: Cycle-rickshaw parking demand at selected
terminal locations
Node/Location
Dolamundei Chhak
to Badambadi Sq.
College Sq.
Stadium Chhak to
Chandi Chhak
Madhupatana
Chhak to
Badambadi Sq.
Dolamundei to Buxi
Bazaar via High
Court Chhak
Jail road
Howrah Motor to
Medical Chhak
Exhibited demand (in

no.s)
Year 2008
Proposed off-street
facilities (in no.s) Year
2010
40
50 at various locations
17
20
35
55
149
56
23
25
Table 6.22: Auto-rickshaw parking demand at selected

terminal locations
Node/Location
Exhibited demand (in

no.s)
Year 2008
Proposed off-street
facilities (in no.s) Year
2010
Mundamala Chhak
19
Sikharpur Sq.
Dolamundei Chhak
to Badambadi Sq.
Ranihat Chhak
14
15
48
16
15
Naya Sadak
Bandha Chhak to
Bidanasi Baul
Chhak
11
15
14
15
It has to be realized that parking facility management cannot be

undertaken in an isolated manner. Rather, an integrated approach has
to be adopted in locating the off-street facilities, selection of stretches
for partial/complete restriction, setting of parking fees and their
collection mechanism, along with the organizational framework to
implement it.
84

Recommended Actions
6.8.4
Improvement of passenger terminal facilities
Passenger terminal facilities for rail-based and road-based passenger

traffic require large scale augmentation in capacity and quality to meet
the future needs.
Construction of new rail passenger terminal facilities at Barang is
proposed
to
accommodate
the
regional
level
rail
passenger
transshipment demand which is expected to cross 4 lakh passengers

per day by 2030.
Regional level bus passenger terminal is also proposed in close
proximity to the proposed regional rail terminal facilities at Barang. It
will provide greater patronage to the bus transit facilities through easy
and seamless mode-transfer opportunity. Moreover, the proposed
augmentation of the Nandankanan Road up to Cuttack via Mundali and
its connection to the NH-5 near Barang will place this facility on the
north south transportation spine of the BCUC.
Within Cuttack, relocation of the existing regional bus terminal facilities
from Badambadi has been proposed at Bidanasi. Another smaller level
intra-city bus terminal facility is proposed near Sikharpur (in proximity to
the proposed wholesale trading zone). Bus terminal facilities at both
end points of the Cuttack city will be able to provide improved level of
bus transit accessibility for intra-urban movement.
Similar smaller scale bus terminal facilities have also been proposed in
Choudwar and Nirgundi area.
6.8.5
Improvement of freight terminal facilities
Huge volume of freight traffic enters BCUC Complex via CDPA as it

enjoys a pivotal location between two most significant freight corridors,
viz., the Nagpur Rourkela Paradeep route in the east-west
alignment and the Kolkata Vishakhapatnam Chennai/Hyderabad
route in the north-south alignment. It is positioned with excellent
comparative advantage to emerge as a regional level freight
transshipment hub. With the Western Bypass coming up from Nirgundi
area Nirgundi planning zone has been chosen for development of
integrated multi-modal freight transshipment and logistic functions. A
lot of ancillary processing activities will agglomerate in this location,
providing boost to the declining local economy of the Nirgundi and
Choudwar urban area.
Phase I (2007-2015) will have truck parking facilities for 2000 freight
containers along with at least 10 million sq.ft of warehousing and
storage facility.
This
includes
integrated
multimodal
transshipment
hub
with
mechanized container handling capacity. Provision of developed land

(approximately 500 ha) for processing and packaging industries,
85
Cost Estimates
automobile assembly units and other non-polluting downstream

ancillary industries) is also recommended.
Phase II (2015-2030) will have additional parking facility and storage
space as per the exhibited demand.
Construction of a whole sale trading hub is recommended near
Sikharpur area for relocating the existing facilities from Malgodown
area. Movement of perishable commodities catering to BCUC is
observed from the Puri side via NH-203 and Balasore side via NH-5.
Linkage to the proposed Eastern Bypass to the BCUC complex
(starting from Nirgundi and connecting Pipili) will obviate the need for
freight movement through the urban arterials as well as the NH-5
stretch (within Cuttack town). Moreover, movement of freight from this
wholesale hub to the Cuttack town can be via wider ring roads
obviating the need to ply on narrow internal city links.
In Phase I (2007-2015), truck parking facility for 200 trucks is to be
planned along with 2 million sq.ft. of warehousing and cold storage
space. Additional parking facility and storage space can be added as
per the exhibited demand.
6.9
Cost Estimates

infrastructural facilities discussed here are based on adhoc construction
prices. Thus, tentative figures for the capital investment requirement
have been computed. However, this may not reflect the actual fund
outlays required in the next three decades. The tentative cost estimate
for proposed traffic and transportation facilities is rupees 4690 crores.
Table 6.23: Tentative cost estimate for proposed actions
Sl.No.
4
5
6
7
Proposed actions
Road network capacity improvement

i. Creation of new road links
ii. Capacity augmentation of existing links
iii. Up-gradation and improvement of existing link
iv. Improvement of intersections
v. Provision of pedestrian and cyclist facilities
New bridges (1 no.s)
i. On Kathajodi (1 no.s)
ii. On Mahanadi (1 no.s)
iii. On Birupa (2 no.s)
iv. On Kuakhai (1 no.s)
Creation of bus terminal facilities
i. Bidanasi
ii. Sikharpur
iii. Choudwar
iv. Nirgundi
Creation of freight terminal and transshipment facilities
i. Logistic hub facilities in Nirgundi
ii. Truck terminal and whole sale trading zone in Sikharpur
Provision of mass transit facilities (High Capacity Bus Transit System) for inter-urban
movement in CDPA
Provision of elevated mass transit option for intra-urban movement in Cuttack
Construction of parking facilities (provision of grade separated off-street facilities along
with improvement of on-street facilities)
Total
86
Cost in (Crores)
1430
1240
110
350
720
800
40
4690
Housing
CDPA: Area and Population
7.1
Introduction
The CDPA is a major part of the BCUC. The BCUC was divided into 25
planning units in the Perspective Plan Vision 2030. Out of these 25
planning units, 11 planning units comprise the CDPA area. The
Administrative Areas that make up the CDPA jurisdiction; viz. CMC,
Choudwar Municipality and CDPA Rural, are shown in Table 7.1 below.
7.2
CDPA : Area and Population
The CDPA constitutes around 42% of the BCUC area. It extends over
302.80 sq.km. against 721.90 sq.km. of the BCUC area. The Table 7.2
below shows the 11 planning zones with their areas, populations in 2001,
as well as, the projected population of 2030. It is noteworthy that the
projected population of CDPA in 2030 is 15,00,000 while the projected
population of the entire BCUC for 2030 is 41,70,000, which implies that
about 28% of the population of BCUC will be residing in the CDPA. This
illustrates the significance of this area as well as the magnitude of the
problem.
Table-7.1: Projected Population of Administrative Areas in CDPA
Administrative
Area
Area
(Sq.Km)
Population
2001
Population
2008
Population
2030
Density 2001
(Popn./SqKm)
Density 2008
(Popn./SqKm)
Density 2030
(Popn./SqKm)
CMC
Choudwar
Municipality
CDPA Rural
118.7
535260
655000
1115000
4509
5518
9393
35.82
52528
70000
125000
1466
1954
3490
147.65
302.17
78914
666702
102000
827000
260000
1500000
534
2207
691
2737
1761
4964
Total CDPA
Table-7.2: Expected Population of Planning Zones in CDPA

Population
2001
Population
Density 2001
(Popn./Sqkm)
Population
2008
Population
Density 2008
(Popn./Sqkm)
Population
2030
Population
Density 2030
(Popn./Sqkm)
Zone
No.
Area
(Sqkm)
Zone
Name
Nirgundi
29.25
16583
567
25000
850
85000
2900
Charbatia
29.61
34032
1149
45000
1520
80000
2700
Chhatisa
17.46
4370
250
6000
350
12000
700
Choudwar
18.31
25942
1417
34000
1860
56000
3100
Nimapur
28.24
23515
833
40000
1420
115000
4100
Bidanasi
33.18
75928
2289
110000
3300
250000
7500
Old
Cuttack
23.37
314166
13442
317000
13570
350000
15000
Sikharpur
26.99
103484
3834
138000
5110
220000
8150
Mundali
33.10
13881
419
22000
665
42000
1250
10
Barang
37.88
24623
650
40000
1060
110000
2900
11
Gopalpur
24.78
30178
1218
50000
2020
180000
7300
302.17
666702
2206
827000
2737
1500000
4964
Total CDPA
Source: Census of India, 2001
87
Housing
7.3
Ground Checking of Existing Housing Conditions
Ground checking of Existing

Housing Conditions
An extensive ground checking was done in the various housing pockets

as well as along major spines, to understand the nature, trend and
condition of housing in the entire CDPA area. (Map 7.1)
7.3.1
Bidanasi Triangle
i. Growing at a sluggish pace.

ii. Lack of infrastructure and neighbourhood level facilities, coupled
with the fact that the area is flood prone, attributes to this slow
pace of development.(Fig 7.1)
iii. Primarily Residential character; pockets of scattered commercial
land use primarily to cater to the needs of the residents. Ground
floors of some of the residences show commercial use. (Fig 7.2)
Fig 7.1: LIC Housing at

Bidanasi Sector, Cuttack
iv. Plotted development is observed.

v. Authorized municipal sanction limit for the individual private
residential buildings in the aforesaid areas within Bidanasi Triangle
is upto 3 storeys. So, upto G+2 storied residential buildings have
come up.
vi. Depending upon the size of their respective plots, row-housing or
semi-detached housing has been laid. Group housing estates for
L.I.C. and P & T Staff Quarters, private co-operative housing, etc.,
two-storied housing complex under construction by the Housing
Board are coming up in Sector 6 & 7, G+2 housing complex for
Fig 7.2: Ground Floor of
residences converted to
commercial use
employees of Judiciary, a 4-storied gated and walled Govt.

housing complex in Sector 8 & 9. Housing complex (G+2 storied)
developed by the private Kathajodi group is under construction.
(Fig 7.3)
vii. Incidental open spaces between plots, as well as, large expanse of
vacant lands exist. Some of these are now showing progress of
construction activities. (Fig 7.4)
viii. Less numbers of organized open spaces in the form of parks are
Fig 7.3: Group Housing
found.
ix. Roads kuchcha & pucca are there in a more or less grid iron
pattern of layout.
x. Existence of open drains on both sides of the roads.
xi. Under utilization of housing activities. Development with respect to
housing activities seems to have taken start more recently, as
buildings here look newly constructed.
88
xii. Infrastructural developments have not taken place with respect to
Fig 7.4: Incidental open
internal roads, street lighting, etc. in some areas of the sectors.
spaces between plots
Housing

Housing Conditions
xiii. Apparent reasons of failure for this Bidanasi Triangle to gain

momentum of growth or popularity in Housing sector is that this
large area is situated on one corner of the city. Only means of road
connection to the CBD is through the ring road encircling it, thus
making travel longer and more time consuming. Through roads are
less and in bad shape.
7.3.2
Mahanadi Vihar
Fig 7.5: Open drains
alongside the roads
i. Planned area densely populated residential district in CDPA.

ii. Well laid grid-iron internal road layout.
iii. Faster development of residential occupancy and its importance
with respect to growth of residential land use density
iv. Shorter distance from C.B.D.
v. Located closer to the NH 5.
vi. Open drains on both sides of most roads. (Fig 7.5)
Fig 7.6: Housing varying
from G+1 to G+3
vii. Plotted development is observed.

viii. Row, as well as detached housing, is seen depending on the size
of plots. Heights of residential buildings vary from 1 to 4 storeys.
(Fig 7.6)
ix. Incidental open spaces are also found here and there in the midst
of plotted development.
x. Ground Floors of many residences especially at important
crossings, show commercial activities.
Fig 7.7: CDA Market
xi. Large market bldg. (2-storeyed) is also seen here which is known
as the CDA Market. (Fig 7.7)
xii. Recent vertical extension is quite prevalent, proving increase in the
importance of the area with respect to residential character and
demand.
7.3.3
i.
Fig 7.8: Occupied Staff
Quarters
Choudwar
Experiencing land
use
conversions, mostly industries
and
institutions.
ii. The OTM Colony has dilapidated at Choudwar. This housing
scheme spreads on a land of around 150 acres. This housing
scheme has a high potential to be developed as future housing by
augmenting it since the existing basic infrastructure is underutilised.
89
Housing

Housing Conditions
iii. Total number of staff quarters is 1200 dwelling units. Few staff
quarters are occupied by people now opting for alternative means
of livelihood as a result of closing down of production in the textile
mill. (Fig 7.8)
iv. Vast expanses of open and unused/ill-maintained lands exist. (Fig
7.9)
v. Vast area lying beside NH-42 waving on to encourage development
Fig 7.9: Vast expanses of
open land
of housing facilities for the people of Cuttack.

vi. Availability of allied infrastructural facilities (internal roads, markets,
school and some other commercial facilities) within the campus can
further give necessary impetus to the same. (Fig 7.10)
vii. Housing needs for the adjacent existing industrial sector can be
tackled by carefully developing residential facilities within this
O.T.M. Township through proper planning.
Fig 7.10: Commercial

activities in O.T.M Area
7.3.4
Sahis in Old Cuttack
i. Transition in the design and layout lies from organic form to a more
organized, uniform and geometric pattern.
ii. Basically evolved from the basic agglomeration of small villages.
iii. People are habituated to living within closely packed low-height
houses by the sides of narrow meandering roads (with open drains
at most of the stretches) and bye-lanes within the core of the city.
iv. Few numbers of houses have been re-modeled to look modern
Fig 7.11: Re-modeled

houses within the Sahi
buildings with the application of recent and expensive building

materials. (Fig 7.11)
v. Houses designed keeping in view the professional requirements
and the sociable nature of the olden people of Cuttack and are
evident from the presence of extended plinth of most of the
buildings. (Fig 7.12)
vi. Few areas are dominated by specific communities like the Muslim,
Christian, Marwari, Oriya, etc. communities.
Fig 7.12: Extended plinth- A
typicality of the houses
vii. Housing developed around institutions like Ravenshaw College,

S.C.B Medical College and other work centres like the Judiciary
complex etc.
viii. The basic trend of low height (upto 3 storied) structures laid as rowhousing basically still persists like the ones in the past.
ix. Some of the areas have been transformed into the old city slums
due to multiplication of households and lack of sanitation and
maintenance. (Fig 7.13)
90
Fig 7.13: Drain passing

through the Sahi of Old
Cuttack
Housing
Existing Scenarios and Trends
7.4
Existing Scenario and Trends
The existing scenario is analysed in the following section to arrive at likely

trends.
7.4.1
Household Distribution
It is evident from the table 7.3 that in the CDPA area as a whole, nuclear
families form the largest component (48.49%) followed by joint (31.38%)
and extended families (16.80%). In Choudwar municipality, extended and
joint families are a significant number. It is expected that the CDPA area
will continue to see the growth of extended and nuclear families. An
increased demand for rental housing in this area is thus envisaged.
Table 7.3: Distribution of Households by Family type in
CDPA
Stratum
C MC
Type
CDPA Rural
Choudwar(M)
Total
10
Single Member
3.73
2.57
2.92
0.66
3.08
Nuclear
58.10
49.52
34.12
2.63
48.49
Extended
12.85
18.65
19.16
33.55
16.80
Joint
24.94
29.26
43.43
63.16
31.38
Mess/Boarding
0.26
0.00
0.18
0.00
0.16
Not Reported
Total
0.13
0.00
0.18
0.00
0.09
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
Source: Socio economic survey IIT-2006
Several measures will have to be taken to make rental housing an

acceptable proposition and also to make rental housing affordable.
Reverse mortgage will help increase the rental housing stock, while
narrowing the supply-demand gap will bring down the rent. Rent that is
15-20% of income will be considered as economic rent. New dwelling
units will also be made available for the prospective home buyers. The
housing cost as a multiple of annual household income has to be brought
to 3-4 times, to make housing affordable and attractive.
7.4.2
Distribution of Household by type of Dwelling Unit
Table 7.4 shows that over 79% of the households in CDPA area live in
puccca houses, while about 11% and 7% of the households occupy the
kuchha and semi-pucca houses, respectively. While about 78.57% of the
households in the Cuttack Municipal Corporation area occupy pucca
houses, the rural component of Cuttack has only 51% of the households
in pucca houses. The CDP assumes new roles to the CDPA rural areas.
This will generate a new scenario with a drastic increase in the pucca
91
Housing
houses. A sizable number of kuchcha and semi-pucca will filter upwards,

while new pucca construction will far outweigh the kuchha construction.
Table 7.4: Distribution of Households by type of
dwelling unit in CDPA
Stratum
CDPA Rural
Choudwar(M)
Cuttack MC
10
Pucca
81.62
83.60
50.55
80.26
78.57
Kuchha
9.38
11.58
18.25
8.55
10.84
Semi-pucca
6.04
3.86
17.15
10.53
7.11
Hut
2.96
0.96
14.05
0.66
3.48
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
Type
Total
Total
7.4.3
Floor Area per Household/Person
In the CDPA about 23% of the households occupy 751-1200 sq.ft. of

covered area and another 16% live in areas above 1200sq.ft. In
Choudwar & Charbatia urban areas, about 61% of the households live in
areas more than 1200 sq.ft. which is much higher than the percentage of
households occupying the same areas in CMC (14%).
Table 7.5: Distribution of Households by total area
covered of dwelling units
CDPA Rural
Choudwar(M)
10
CDPA
Total
4.77
8.30
0.00
4.75
151-250
6.05
21.99
3.29
7.57
251-500
29.37
35.27
10.53
28.39
501-750
18.45
15.77
5.26
17.01
751-1200
25.33
10.79
15.79
22.90
>1200
13.21
4.15
53.95
15.72
Stratum
101-150
Not Reported
Total
Cuttack MC
2.84
3.73
11.18
3.66
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
It is anticipated that the CDPA area will generate a significant demand for
housing in the 750-1200 sq ft range.
7.4.4
Ownership Pattern
Table 7.6 above shows the house ownership pattern in the CDPA area.
Overall, 77% of the households own their houses and only 15% live in
rented accommodation. The rural areas of CDPA show that almost 98%
of the households own their houses. The stratum 4 and 5 falling in the
CMC show the maximum (about 18%) of households in rented
accommodation. About 30 % of the households in stratum 10, live in
92
Housing
office accommodation. This trend is likely to grow further with a larger

share of Institutional housing and rented accommodation.
Table 7.6: Households by type of possession of dwelling
units
Stratum
Cuttack MC
Type
Owned
Owned by
relatives
Office Quarter
CDPA Rural
Choudwar(M)
10
CDPA
Total
73.65
78.78
98.36
63.16
76.76
0.13
0.32
0.00
0.00
0.15
7.46
5.14
0.18
30.26
8.04
Owned Flat
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.07
Rented House
18.64
15.76
1.28
6.58
14.96
Rented Flat
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Others
0.00
0.00
0.18
0.00
0.02
Total
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
7.4.5
Nature of Dwelling Units
The Table 7.7 shows that about 78% of the households reside in one
storied houses in CDPA, and 11.04% in the two storied category. About
2.79% households are living in multi-storied and apartment building.
There is a significant rise in multi-storied and apartment buildings in
stratum 10, amounting to about 23.03. About 7.39% of the households
live in slums.
There will be significant growth of group housing, especially in the
Nirgundi, Gopalpur, Barang, Bidanasi areas. Plotted development will
pre-dominate the areas like Nimapur, Sikharpur, Choudwar and Bidanasi.
Table 7.7: Households by nature of dwelling units

Stratum
Cuttack MC
Type
CDPA Rural
Choudwar(M)
10
CDPA
Total
One storied
78.66
86.82
68.43
58.55
77.83
Two Storied
14.01
10.93
2.01
3.95
11.04
Multi Storied
1.03
0.00
2.01
23.03
2.79
Flat
0.90
0.96
0.00
0.00
0.74
Slum Hut
5.40
1.29
26.64
13.16
7.39
Others
0.00
0.00
0.91
1.32
0.21
Total
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
93
Housing
7.4.6
Major Housing Providers
The major institutional housing in the CDPA is undertaken by the Orissa

State Housing Board (OSHB), and the Cuttack Development Authority
(CDA).The various housing typologies are shown in the Table 7.8 below:
Table 7.8: Institutional Housing
EWS
LIG
MIG
HIG
Others
Total
CMC
27
100
316
443
Choudwar
248
182
448
CDPA Rural
CDPA Total
36
348
182
316
891
The Table shows that the major thrust of the housing authorities have
been towards providing EWS, LIG and MIG housing schemes.
The govt. housing schemes and PPP housing schemes should continue to
provide affordable housing and generate across subsidy arrangement to
offset the cost reduction.
7.4.7
Housing Trend in CDPA
The 70s-80s decade saw an emphasis on group housing schemes

including govt. quarters, bungalows and single dwelling units. The 80s90s decade continued the emphasis on walk-ups and included group
housing and plotted development schemes. Slum upgradation schemes
were also undertaken considering the growing number of slums in this
period. The late 80s and early 90s saw the development of high, multistoried dwelling units and apartments which ranged upto 7-8 storied. The
90s-2000s emphasized on plotted housing schemes including group
housing and core housing for various income groups. Slum upgradation
schemes also continued. This period till date looks onto a shift towards
joint venture schemes in the public-private-partnership (PPP) mode.
The plan period envisages larger roles for private sectors and PPP model.
Government will continue to provide serviced land and finance at attractive
schemes and less of building activity.
7.5
The new townships in the pipeline as outlined by the CDA in their VISION
2020 proposals, with reference to the Perspective Plan of IIT Kharagpur
has been mentioned below:
94
Housing
7.5.1
Future Housing Project of CDA (next ten years)

Table 7.9: Future Housing Projects of CDA
Sl.
No.
Location
Predominant development purpose
1.
Choudwar
Housing including Industrial housing
2.
Nimapur
Large scale Housing to accommodate spill over

population
3.
Bidanasi
Extension of Bidanasi Housing Project
4.
Bidanasi
5.
Sikharpur
Development of Housing near Naraj

Development of plotted scheme for housing
project
6.
Barang
7.
Gopalpur
Development of Farm Housing Project

Development of Housing Project
Source: CDA
7.5.2
Future Housing Project of Orissa State Housing

Board (OSHB)
Table 7.10: Future Housing Project of OSHB
Sl.
No.
Location
1.
Choudwar
2.
Nimapur
7.6
Predominant development purpose
Housing including Industrial housing

Large scale Housing
Future Housing Requirement in CDPA
The projected housing requirement for the BCUC by 2030 was

compounded to be 7,00,000 dwelling units in the Perspective Plan Vision
2030. The housing requirement of CDPA is compounded to be 2,68,759
dwelling units for the same period. This implies that about 38% of the
future housing requirement for BCUC will be in the CDPA alone. This
calls for careful planning and strategizing.
The future housing requirement for the CDPA has been done considering
both, the quantitative housing shortage and the qualitative housing
shortage. The future household formation, including natural growth and
in-migration have been considered, the current housing backlog as well
the obsolescence component, have also been considered.
Table 7.11 below shows the projected population and the quantitative
housing requirement for the CDPA in 2030 as a whole as well as the
constituent planning units individually.
95
Housing
Future Housing Requirement
16583
25000
85000
4735
17000
12265
28.24
23515
40000
115000
7576
23000
15424
Bidanasi
Extensive
33.18
75928
110000
250000
20833
50000
29167
Sikharpur
Extensive
26.99
103484
138000
220000
26136
44000
17864
10
Barang
Extensive
37.88
24623
40000
110000
7576
22000
14424
11
Gopalpur
Extensive
24.78
30178
50000
180000
9470
36000
26530
180.32
274311
403000
960000
76326
192000
115674
18.31
25942
34000
56000
6439
11200
4761
18.31
25942
34000
56000
6439
11200
4761
103.54
366449
390000
484000
73864
96800
22936
67498 + 57890
125388
300000
268759
Total
4
Choudwar
Intensive
Total
(Sensitive and Restricted Zones)
Current backlog + Dilapidated
stock
Grand Total
302.17
666702
827000
1500000
156629
It is evident from the Table 7.11 that the total future housing requirement,
including quantitative and qualitative housing shortage in CDPA region is
2,68,759.
The current housing backlog is 67,498 which have been calculated by
extrapolating the backlog trends of 1981-1991 with suitable adjustments.
The qualitative housing shortage is 57890 of the total planning area. The
qualitative housing shortage has been computed from the slum
population and the households occupying dilapidated houses as per the
Socio-Economic Survey.
The total housing requirement for CDPA is thus the summation of the
following:
Future housing requirement (143371) + existing housing backlog (67498)
+ obsolescence (dilapidated) (57890) = 2,68,759 dwelling units
7.7
Distribution of Income Groups
The entire population has been distributed into four major income
categories. The distribution of income categories for 2030 is adapted
from Socio-Economic & Demographic Survey in CDPA, 2000-2001
(Table 7.12).
96
Grand Total
Future DU Req.
Total No. of
Household
2030
(Avg. HH
Size=5)
29.25
Extensive
Proposed
Population
2030
Extensive
Nimapur
Proposed
Population
2008
Nirgundi
Population
2001
Type
Total No. of
Household
2008
(Avg. HH
Size=5.28)
Area (sq.Km)
Planning Zone
No.
Name of the
Planning Zone
Table 7.11: Future Dwelling Unit Requirement in CDPA
Housing
Land Requirement
Table 7.12: Distribution of Households by monthly income of Households in CDPA
Income Group
HIG
Income Range (Rs.)
Existing% Distribution
Pattern - 2006
% Distribution
Pattern - 2030
HH Distribution
Pattern - 2030
Above 12500
5,000-12500
2,500-4,999
Below 2500
16.66
57.24
18.54
7.56
30
45
20
5
90000
135000
60000
15000
100.00
100
300000
MIG
LIG
EWS
Total
(Source: Adapted from Socio-Economic Survey Report of BCUC, 2006)
7.8
Land Requirement
The future land requirement in the identified planning units has been
computed
considering
their
present
population
density
and
apportionment of future population density based on population

projection for 2030. Population forecast for CDPA is 15 lakh in the year
2030. The population has been calculated for each planning units
individually. The planning units have been classified into 4 major types
namely, Intensive, Extensive, Sensitive and Restricted Development
Zones. The maximum population that can be allotted to a specific
planning unit is found by multiplying the maximum permissible density
(persons/sq. km) of each planning unit with the area of the planning unit.
Table 7.13: Area requirement for new housing in CDPA
Planning
Zone No.
Name of the
Planning
Zone
Type
Total DU
Requirement
2008
Housing
Area
(in acres)
2008
Housing
Density
(DU/Acre)
2030 Housing
Density
(DU/Acre)
2030 Housing
Area
(in acres)
Nirgundi
Extensive
12265
374.92
33
30
409
Nimapur
Extensive
15424
638.54
24
40
386
Bidanasi
Extensive
29167
990.10
30
40
729
Sikharpur
Extensive
17864
1090.60
16
35
510
10
Barang
Extensive
14424
552.79
26
40
361
11
Gopalpur
Extensive
26530
638.54
42
40
663
Choudwar
Intensive
4761
385.07
12
15
317
(Sensitive and Restricted Zones)
22936
1101
Current backlog + Dilapidated stock
125388
1084
268759
5560
Grand Total
The land requirement under housing in different planning units has been
computed assuming the residential density for different planning zones
(Table 7.13).
97
Housing
7.9
Cost of Development
Cost of Development
The aim is to provide serviced land with essential infrastructural facilities

like, road, water supply, drainage-sanitation, and electricity. It however
does not include any social infrastructure. The principle of cross
subsidization will be applied for pricing of land to bring it within the
affordable limits of the EWS and LIG. However, the cost of development
depends upon the level of infrastructure provided. Thus, the housing
development cost assumed, as per current market prices is subject to
change.
The land acquisition cost per acre considering the prevailing market
conditions, varies in the different planning zones. The following
assumptions have been made:
The lowest rates are in Charbatia and Chhatisa in the range of Rs. 10 to
25 lakh per acre(an average cost of 18 lakhs per acre has been
considered for appropriate calculations). The land acquisition cost per
acre in Nirgundi, Choudwar, Nimapur, Mundali and Barang has been
assumed to be around 25- 30 lakh per acre. Considering the scarcity of
land in the already densely developed Old Cuttack area, the land
acquisition cost has been assumed to be Rs. 215 lakh per acre, followed
by Bidanasi at Rs. 200 lakh per acre (Table 7.14).
The cost for development of raw land has been assumed to be Rs. 10
lakh per acre for extensive development zones. For the already
developed areas earmarked for intensive development such as Old
Cuttack and Bidanasi, the land acquisition cost includes cost of land
development.
The land requirement and their corresponding development costs based
on the above assumptions, is indicated in Table 7.14.
Land
Acquisition
cost
(lakhs/acre)
Land
Development
Costs
(in
lakhs/acre)
Total
Development
Cost (per
acre)
2030 Total
Development
Cost in
Lakhs
Extensive
Restricted
Sensitive
Intensive
Extensive
409
25
10
35
14315
582
18
10
28
16296
317
386
10
10
35
40
11095
15440
Bidanasi
Extensive
729
200
145800
7
Old Cuttack
Restricted
8
Sikharpur
Extensive
9
Mundali
Sensitive
10
Barang
Extensive
11
Gopalpur
Extensive
Grand Total
237
510
282
361
663
1084
5560
25
30
200
(Inclusive of land
Development cost)
215
135
30
30
115
25
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
225
145
40
40
125
35
86
53325
73950
11280
14440
82875
37940
476756
98
Type
Nirgundi
Charbatia
Chhatisa
Choudwar
Nimapur
Planning
Zone
1
2
3
4
5
Planning
Zone No.
2030 Housing
Area (in
acres)
Table 7.14: Housing cost of development
Housing
Housing strategy
Therefore, from the above mentioned table it is evident that,

Average cost of development for the CDPA is as follows:
Acquisition Cost = Rs.76 lakhs/acre
Land Development Cost = Rs.10 lakhs /acre
Total Cost of Development = Rs.86 lakhs/acre
7.10
Housing Strategy
The existing population of CDPA of around 8.27 lakh will reach 15 lakh by
the period 2030. This will mean an addition of around 6.73 lakh people.
With an average household size of 4.5 this implies an addition of 1.5 lakh
dwelling units. In addition there is a current backlog of around 67,498
dwelling units. If the qualitative shortage and obsolescence factors are
added to that, the total housing requirement for CDPA in 2030 is around
2.68 lakh dwelling units.
i.
Re-densification of the planning units for compact growth.
ii.
Development of new housing colonies and new townships in the

extensive development zones. This will include apartments and
gated colonies, high-rise apartments in areas with relaxed height
norms and increase FAR provision.
iii.
Augmentation of the existing housing schemes that are indicating

slow growth.
7.10.1
Re-densification of planning units for compact

growth
The CDPA area comprises the following planning units:

The Nirgundi Planning Unit number 1 had a dwelling density of about 33
DU/Acre in 2008. It is likely to continue this momentum in the plan period
up to 2030 and the dwelling density in the additional area assumed for
this period is 30 DU/Acre.
The Nimapur Planning Unit number 5 exhibits a dwelling density of about
24 DU/Acre. The density assumed for the new area required for housing,
is 40 DU/Acre.
99
Housing
Housing strategy
Table 7.15: Re-densification of Planning units
Zone
No.
Name of the
Planning Zone
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Nirgundi
Charbatia
Chhatisa
Choudwar
Nimapur
Bidanasi
Old Cuttack
Sikharpur
Mundali
Barang
Gopalpur
Grand Total
Type
Extensive
Restricted
Sensitive
Intensive
Extensive
Extensive
Restricted
Extensive
Sensitive
Extensive
Extensive
2008
Housing
Area
(in acres)
2008
Housing
Density
(DU/Acre)
2030 New
Housing
Density
(DU/Acre)
374.92
708.94
80.52
385.07
638.54
990.10
1670.54
1090.60
271.58
552.79
638.69
7402.29
33
12
14
12
24
29
36
16
15
26
42
21
30
15
15
15
40
40
42
35
15
40
40
32
The Bidanasi Planning Unit number 6 currently has only 29 DU/Acre. The
density assumed is 40 DU/Acre. This will be achieved through the
provision of better infrastructure that will trigger a growth in the currently
sluggish character of housing development. This area will witness
augmentation of ongoing housing schemes as well as development of
new integrated townships. Sikharpur (8), Barang (10) and Gopalpur (11)
should be seen in tandem for development of integrated townships. It is
also proposed to have a Special Housing Zone (SHZ) and Special
Residential Zone (SRZ) in this zone with incentives for affordable
housing. The density is assumed to be 40 DU/Acre both for Barang and
Gopalpur, for the additional area required for housing .
Choudwar,
Planning
Unit
number
is
identified
for
intensive
development. The existing density of 12 DU/Acre is assumed to go up to

15 DU/Acre for the additional area.
The existing residential density of CDPA is 21 DU/Acre whereas the
overall residential density will be 32 DU/Acre for the period 2030.
7.10.2 Future New/Augmentation of Housing Schemes: (Map 7.2)
Nirgundi (Z-1), Charbatia (Z-2), Chhatisa (Z-3), Choudwar (Z-4):
Industrial Housing/Special Residential Zone
The 4 zones of Nirgundi, Charbatia, Chhatisa and Choudwar are a part of
the Northern Fringe of CDPA. These areas are presently low density
areas but will accommodate a significant share of population and hence,
a slight rise in the housing densities is anticipated in the plan period.
The Nirgundi zone has been proposed for extensive development and
with an overall residential density from 30 to 35 DU/Acre. The zone of
Choudwar has been proposed for intensive development and will also
show a marginal rise in the residential density from 12 to 15 DU/Acre.
100
Housing
Housing strategy
The zones of Charbatia and Chhatisa have been proposed for restricted,
as well as, sensitive development. Hence, the densities of these zones
will be limited to 15 DU/Acre, respectively as on date.
Since the entire Northern Fringe acts at present as an Industrial Centre
of the CDPA, it will also further function as the same in future. Hence,
large quantum of industrial housing is required in these zones.
The zones of Charbatia, Chhatisa, Choudwar and Nirgundi are proposed
for industrial housing.
The revitalization of the existing residential industrial infrastructure The
OTM Colony in the Choudwar Zone with due clearance from the ASI (as
the entire area is under ASI) is proposed.
Special Residential Zone (SRZ) for affordable housing is also proposed
in Nirgundi Zone due to availability of uninterrupted vacant land and to
meet the housing demands of the future population.
Affordable housing will see an increase in integrated townships, selfcontained communities in the price range of 1520 lakhs. This is likely to
generate a quantum demand for 2 BHK/3 BHK units within the range of
900-1300 sq.ft. These efforts will have a spin-off effect in the real estate
industry as well as the lending institutions. Currently, banks are
encouraged to go for loans upto 20 lakhs as a Priority Sector Lending
Norm.
Nimapur (Zone-5):
Large scale housing for spill-over population
Nimapur zone is also an industrial zone of CDPA. But, due to its
proximity to the main city a trend in housing shift from the main city to this
zone is observed. Hence, future housing in the form of plotted
developments for the spill-over population of Cuttack has been proposed.
plotted development schemes for LIG, MIG and HIG with plot areas in the
range of 1200 - 1500 sq.ft. for LIG, 2000 -3000 sq.ft. for MIG, and 3500 6000 sq.ft. for HIG can be proposed. The current density of 24 DU/Acre
is likely to increase upto 40 DU/Acre as this zone is proposed for
extensive development.
Bidanasi (Zone-6):
High end group housing/ Plotted development
The Bidanasi Township has been planned as one of the largest satellite
townships to meet the future housing demands of the city of Cuttack. It
had been planned for a population of 1.5 lakh which included the spillover population of the main city, migrants from outside engaged in
various economic activities including the service population. The Bidanasi
Triangle until today consists of 15 sectors with an admix of EWS, LIG,
MIG, HIG and group housing schemes. But this township is growing at a
101
Housing
Housing strategy
very slow pace due to lack of basic infrastructure in some of the sectors.
the present density of Bidanasi township is as low as 29 DU/Acre and
needs to be augmented to 40 DU/Acre.
Augmentation of the existing housing schemes with Special Residential
Zones (SRZ) has been proposed for Bidanasi. Plotted development
schemes with plot sizes ranging from 12001500 sq.ft. (LIG/EWS),
2000-3000 sq.ft. (MIG), 3000 - 6000 sq.ft. HIG can be implemented. The
concept of affordable housing as mentioned earlier is also applicable for
this zone.
Slum rehabilitation schemes like VAMBAY etc. can also be proposed in
this zone to provide for the service population of this area. Slums/bastis
along the riverfront need to be rehabilitated under such schemes.
High end group housing schemes are also proposed in this zone. The
acceleration in this zone will absolutely depend on the provision of
infrastructure by the government through government housing schemes,
private schemes or through PPP mode.
Old Cuttack (Zone 7):
Preservation and Augmentation Approach
The general character of the Old Cuttack is one of low-rise-high-density
with traditional Sahi Culture. A sizeable amount of institutional housing
and government quarters is also evident in this zone. Sporadic
development of high rise apartments is seen in some of the areas where
large chunks of land were available or through land amalgamation. It is
assumed that the demand for rental housing in Old Cuttack zone will
increase and hence intense incentives should be given by the
government
and
the
various
financial
organizations
for
repair,
maintenance and face-lift of old traditional houses in the Sahi areas.

Slum upgradation schemes in the form of reconstruction, VAMBAY and
slum networking along the drainage channels can be implemented. The
slums along the riverfront and other prime areas can be rehabilitated
under such schemes.
The overall housing condition can thus be improvised in the Old Cuttack
zone with a marginal increase in the residential density from 36DU/Acre
to 42 DU/Acre.
Sikharpur (Zone 8):
Special housing zone and Redensification
The Sikharpur zone shows a heterogeneous character of housing.
Unplanned, unorganized housing development along with regular plotted
development schemes (e.g. Mahanadi Vihar) and institutional housing
(e.g. CRRI) are to be seen in this zone. This zone exhibits a very low
density of 16 DU/Acre. Re-densification of this zone to achieve a density
of 35 DU/Acre is proposed.
102
Housing
Housing strategy
Relocation of the wholesale commerce from the Malgodown area is

proposed in this zone. So, a Special Housing Zone has been proposed in
this zone for rehabilitation of the slum pockets near the Taldanda Canal
and the Malgodown area. Approximately 5000 households occupying an
area of 75 acres (60 sq.m./hh) need to be provided under this scheme.
Mundali (Zone 9):
Resort Housing
Mundali, being an eco-sensitive zone, sensitive and sustainable
development been proposed. This zone has been gifted with varied
natural assets such as the riverfront and the Puri Canal on one side,
small hillocks with dense vegetation on the other with the backdrop of the
Chandaka forest. Hence a very low density of 15 DU/Acre, with ecofriendly development is envisaged for this zone with proposals for lagoon
resorts, weekend resorts, Club Towns, etc.
Barang and Gopalpur (Zone 10 and 11):
High end housing/ Group housing, Relocation of village settlements
The zones of Barang and Gopalpur lie in the Southern Fringe of Cuttack.
These are the rapidly developing areas with sporadic development and
growing speculation.
The absence of proper
plan for housing
development will lead to haphazard growth.

The zones of Barang and Gopalpur have been proposed for extensive
development. At present, the housing densities of these zones are as 26
DU/Acre in Barang and 42 DU/Acre in Gopalpur. The future housing
densities of these areas is anticipated upto 40 DU/Acre in each zone.
The zone of Barang has been identified as a Special Activity Centre with
proposals for high-end activities such as the State Government Office
Complex (SGOC), Health Complex, IT SEZ, all along the metro corridor.
Also, areas have been earmarked for educational and theological
institutions/universities.
Hence, to complement the above mentioned activities, high end and
institutional housing has been proposed in this area.
Similarly, in Gopalpur zone also, high end multistoried group housing
under the private or PPP mode has been proposed along the NH-5.
The MRTS in the Barang zone and location of the Cultural Hub in the
Gopalpur zone calls for relocation of certain village settlements. Hence,
Special Residential Zones are proposed in these zones for affordable
housing and rehabilitation of these village settlements. Approximately
1636 households in Barang zone and 287 households in Gopalpur zone
shall be replaced and an area of 40 and 10 acres, respectively shall be
required to relocate them.
103
Housing
Land Sharing approach can be implemented in cases where village
settlements exist on prime locations with high land value. This successful
model has been attempted in Bangkok and can be especially useful in
the areas of Barang and Gopalpur, which can be used for commercial
development and the village settlements can be rehabilitated on a small
portion of the land.
The success of induced development in these zones will depend upon
the provision of infrastructure by the government authorities under
various government schemes, private schemes or PPP mode.
7.11
Slums
Globally, the phenomenon of slums exists from the mid 19th cent to the
present. These are mainly places in city neighborhoods or inner-city,
inhabited by low income people characterized by physical dilapidation. As
per the 2001 Census of India, a slum is a compact area of at least 300
persons population or about 60-70 households of poorly built congested
tenements, in an unhygienic environment usually with inadequate
infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitary and drinking water facilities.
Indicators of slum are:
i. Land encroachment
ii. Locational incompatibility
iii. Unplanned development
iv. Unauthorized construction
v. Temporary or semi permanent structures
vi. Absence or inadequacy of basic services
7.11.1 Existing slums in CMC
The growth rate in CMC area during the decade 1991-2001 was 57.46%
which was much higher than the national average of 31.17% or the State
average of 27.78%.
According to CMC reports, there are 240 slums in Cuttack, occupying
571.25 acres of land, 28129 no of households and a total of 178817
population. It is also reported that basic facilities are grossly absent in
these slums; viz. toilet facilities (60%), electricity (40%) and education
facility (30%).
From the Table 7.16 and Map 7.3, it is observed that:
i. Maximum 57,891 people reside in slums outside the municipality.
Most of these slums have developed on private lands.
ii. Ward no. 1 has maximum 24 slums having 3010 households and
20120 population.
iii. Ward no 3, 11 and 35 have more than 5% of total slum population.
104
Slums
Housing
Slums
An onsite survey was been done of different slums, namely of 29 slums

present within the Planning Zone CDPA. A few observations has been
made.
i. Around 75% of the slums have the provision of Anganwadi.
ii. 80% of the slums are not facilitated with the Arogya Kendra.
iii. There is no application of the Indira Abash Scheme and Vambay
Scheme.
iv. Around 80% of the slums are provided with electricity and water
connections.
v. Piligram Dassahi, Ranihat has maximum no. of tubewells
numbered to 17.
vi. 80% of the surveyed slums are not being provided with a minimal
facility of Sulabh Sauchalaya and toilets.
vii. Dhoba Sahi is supposed to be the oldest of the slums, ranging
around 200 years of settlement with a population of 4000.
viii. The major occupation is working as a labour.
Table 7.16: Slums in Cuttack Municipal Corporation
Ward
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
12
14
15
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
33
34
35
36
40
Outside
Total
Total
slums
24
3
8
1
2
3
2
6
1
6
3
4
1
4
8
5
1
1
3
1
3
2
3
6
1
1
12
2
6
4
6
1
1
104
239
No. of
Households
3010
202
1195
300
650
1150
547
1025
200
1530
280
510
31
625
940
235
25
100
165
250
315
643
245
645
45
60
917
100
550
215
1670
90
75
9339
27879
Total slum
population
20120
1610
10730
1567
4500
6695
3282
5910
1200
10550
1970
3315
400
4700
5600
1730
150
350
855
1500
1600
3266
1500
4030
210
400
4595
600
2600
1241
10660
600
380
57891
176307
Percentage of
Total Slum Popn.
11.41
0.91
6.09
0.89
2.55
3.80
1.86
3.35
0.68
5.98
1.12
1.88
0.23
2.67
3.18
0.98
0.09
0.20
0.48
0.85
0.91
1.85
0.85
2.29
0.12
0.23
2.61
0.34
1.47
0.70
6.05
0.34
0.22
32.84
100.00
Source: CMC Report, 2006
105
Housing
Slums
7.11.1.1
Slums along the Taldanda Canal
i. Interior kuchha pathways are in very bad shape.
ii. No street light or electric supply.
iii. No toilets exist.
iv. Canal is the only means of water required for sanitation and
washing purposes. (Fig 7.14)
v. Source of drinking water is the timely supply from PVC reservoir
laden vehicles.
vi. Residents have been given Voter I-cards by authorities. But Ration
cards for availability of food grains at a cheaper rate are not being
Fig 7.14: Canal-the only
source of water
provided.
vii. No school exists.
viii. Predominant occupation for men happen to be car cleaning,
rickshaw pulling (as employees), to work as garbage pickers and
sellers (kawari wallah). While for women, it happens to be working
as
domestic
maid-servants
in
nearby
affluent
residential
neighborhoods.
ix. A general consensus amongst the dwellers to stick to this place in
slums because this area is reportedly close to the place where lies
their source of livelihood. Given the option to shift to distant but
better living places, they would decline for obvious reasons. (Fig
7.15)
7.11.2
Slums in other Municipalities
Except Cuttack, there is negligible presence of slums in other

municipality such Choudwar. There is presence of some old settlements
called Sahis, which show the symptoms of a slum. Physical
Fig 7.15: Poor condition of
characterstics of these places depict narrow lanes, semi-pucca or pucca

built structures, low rise and high density development and deficient in
basic urban services.
The other kind of settlements called bastis are also slums present in
smaller pockets either in outskirts or within municipal limits.
Physical characterstics of these slums are:
i. Unorganized development of colonies on Government lands
ii. Kutcha houses having thatched, tin, or asbestos roof.
iii. There is severe lack of sanitary facility in these slums. Public wells
and community bore wells are source of water supply for the
residents.
iv. Though there is availability of electric supply in these areas but
economic condition of most of the residents does not permit to
avail this facility.
v. Most of the residents are staying in these places for more than
twenty years.
106
the slums
Housing
Slums
vi. Primary occupation of these residents is as agricultural labourers,

construction labourers, rickshaw pullers, etc. Younger generation
is employed as taxi and four wheeler drivers, workers in
warehouses and business establishments. Women and girl
children are often engaged in bamboo weaving.
vii. Most of the residents are Saura, Domu and Bauri community who
are socially backward.
7.11.3 Slum Upgrading/Development Approaches
Slum eradication programmes have been a disaster everywhere.
Subsequently, slum upgrading approaches were conceived. Some of the
slum upgrading approaches undertaken globally and nationally are
discussed here which are suggested for implementtation in the CDPA. A
multicriteria approach is required to arrive at the best-fit solution for the
slum pockets (Map 7.3).
Slum upgrading approaches will include:
7.11.3.1 Settlement Reconstruction:
If the existing location of the slums is compatible with the surrounding
and proposed land use and zoning regulations, settlement reconstruction
approach can be considered. Some of the areas of the Old Cuttack zone
and Choudwar zone need to be included under this approach.
There should be adequate FSI available and the minimum affordability of
households for a 180 sq. ft. tenement with two storied structure.
7.11.3.2 Settlement Relocation:
Mainly the slums, along the Taldanda Canal, Malgodown areas and the
riverfront areas of Old Cuttack, Sikharpur, Bidanasi and Nimapur Zones
are to be relocated. Also the slums along the heritage areas in Charbatia
zone and those occupying prime locations in Nirgundi and Nimapur zone
need to be relocated. Alternative land has to be made available for
relocation of these slums. The government can create a land bank for
this purpose. Also there should be minimum affordability of households
for a serviced plot of 200 sq.ft.
7.11.3.3 Slum Networking:
In lines of the successful networking approaches found in Indore this
approach can also be suitably adopted. This requires a detail study of the
existing slums, especially those along the main drainage channels along
with the contours of the area. This will not only improve the slums but
integrate this approach with the overall development of the area.
107
Housing
7.11.3.4 VAMBAY
This successful model of VAMBAY in a 50:50 cost sharing between
centre and state is proposed for rehabilitating slum pockets in Old
Cuttack, Sikharpur and Bidanasi zones. The effort will be to achieve slum
less cities. Moreover this will serve the service population of Old Cuttack
and Bidanasi.
7.11.4 Ongoing Slum Improvement Projects
Basic services for the slum dwellers are being provided by Cuttack
Municipal Corporation by implementation of various developmental and
social security schemes of Govt. of India and State Government as
indicated below:
i. National Slum Development Programme (NSDP)
ii. Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY)
iii. Swarna Jayanti Sahari Rojgar Yojana (SJSRY)
iv. SHG Formation
v. Provision of Tube wells
vi. Balika Samrudhi Yojana (BSY)
vii. OAP/ODP
viii. Health Facilities
ix. BPL / Antodaya Arna Yojana
x. Arnapurna Yojana
All these ongoing schemes are steps in the right direction and will be
pursued in the plan period.
7.11.5 Vision for Development of Slums
The vision is based on the National Slum Policy. It shall strive to achieve
the following:
i. Ensuring all households shall have access to basic minimum
services.
ii. Ensuring continuous supply or recycling of serviced & semi
serviced land for high density occupation by LIG.
iii. Building capacity of the EWS & LIG and empowering them to
improve their living conditions.
iv. Encouraging participation of communities & civil society in all areas
of planning & development.
v. Neither a mono strategic approach, nor a top-down strategy, for
settlement up gradation, will work.
108
Slums
Housing
Slums
vi. There can be no absolute choice of strategy and it has to be

situation specific.
vii. Experience from across the globe shows that the people have to
be involved in the entire process of planning, implementing and
maintenance.
7.11.6 Slum Development Policy for CDPA Region

It has to be appreciated that neither a mono strategic approach, nor a
top-down strategy, for settlement up gradation, will work. There can be
no absolute choice of strategy and it has to be situation specific.
Experience from across the globe shows that the people have to be
involved
in
the
entire
process
of
planning,
implementing
and
maintenance.
A detailed project report on the slum population needs to be prepared
to study the various factors such as the slum population, location, the
residential status, occupational pattern and the income levels etc. in
order to implement the various slum rehabilitation schemes.
The entire proposal will be feasible only on implementation by the
government authorities either in the public, private or PPP mode.
An integrated slum development policy for CDPA region has been
derived in lines with National Slum Policy.
Objectives:
i. Integration of slum and their communities into the urban area
ii. Strengthening of legal and policy framework
iii. Establishing of a framework for smooth implementation of policy
Governing Principles:
i. Up gradation and improvement of slums instead of slum clearance
ii. Access to minimum services in all urban informal settlements
iii. Goal of city without slums
Strategy:
i. Inclusive Approach to Definition of Slum/Informal Settlement:
In general, all under-serviced settlements, be they unauthorized

occupation of land, congested inner-city built up areas, fringe area
unauthorized developments, villages within urban areas and in the
periphery, irrespective of tenure or ownership or land use shall be
covered under the definition of a slum/informal settlement.
109
Housing
Slums
ii. Comprehensive Listing of Slums/Informal Settlements:
For the purpose of providing basic urban services, all under-serviced

settlements
characterized
by
poor
physical
and
socio-economic
conditions, should be identified and demarcated from regular planned

neighbourhoods. These settlements should be listed by the urban local
body.
iii. Registration of Slum Dwellers:
All people residing in such listed settlements should then be registered

with the ULB in order to prevent ineligible beneficiaries being included in
development programmes.
iv. Identity Card:
A suitable identity card shall be issued to all households in listed slums.

The identity card may contain a few details such as household name,
address, details of family members etc.
v.
De-listing
The urban local bodies should de-list those settlements which have been
provided with a sustainable level of basic services and where socioeconomic indicators have reached defined acceptable norms.
vi. Classification of Land Status / Tenability
The land status of all listed slums/informal settlements should be

classified by the ULB as either Tenable or Untenable in order to
determine whether or not regular planned service provision will be
undertaken on an in-situ or re-settlement basis.
vii. Granting of tenure
i.
Tenure on Government Owned Land: Tenure shall be granted

to all residents on tenable sites owned or acquired by
government.
Full
property rights
shall
be
granted
on
resettlement and/or rehabilitation sites.

ii. Tenure on Privately owned lands
iii. Land Acquisition: All Tenable settlements on private land
should be acquired unless the ULB decides to pass a
resolution otherwise.
iv. Negotiated Compensation: The acquisition of land from private
parties should be undertaken on a negotiated basis. All the
stakeholders (residents, urban local bodies, public agencies,
others) may be invited to participate in the negotiation to
promote transparency and equity.
110
Housing
Slums
viii. Resettlement and rehabilitation
Draw up comprehensive resettlement and relocation guidelines for urban

dwellers and all relocation or resettlement of dwellers residing in
untenable sites shall be implemented strictly in accordance with such
guidelines which should ensure that:
i. Alternatives to resettlement should be fully explored before any
decision is taken to move people.
ii. Relocation distances should be minimised to reduce the impact
on livelihoods.
iii. Resident dwellers must be provided with some choice of
alternative
sites
and
where
feasible,
an
alternative
rehabilitation package.
iv. All resettlement sites should be adequately serviced and
provision should be made for public transportation prior to
settlement.
v. The livelihoods of affected people must be sufficiently
compensated within a fixed period.
vi. Participation of primary stakeholders, particularly women, in
planning and decision making is a pre-requisite for any
resettlement process.
vii. Womens particular needs and constraints must be specifically
addressed.
viii. Any urban development project that leads to the involuntary
resettlement of communities must make provision to cover the
costs of R & R.
ix. All stages of the resettlement process including the transition
and follow-up periods should be closely monitored and
supervised by the ULB with community representatives. (Also
see section 16 on monitoring and evaluation).
ix. Environmental improvement
The Provision of physical infrastructure components such as water

supply, drainage, sanitation, improved access, electricity etc, should
support the ultimate objective of improved quality of life. The evidence
from existing slum improvement projects clearly shows that an improved
physical environment greatly facilitates the integration of the settlement in
the wider urban area and at the same time, contributes to improved
livelihoods and health and well being of the community.
x.
Improving access to social services
It will be desirable to bring Municipal Services under the Consumer

Protection Act to monitor quality and reliability of basic infrastructure
111
Housing
services delivered at settlement level. This should be uniformly applied

irrespective of tenure and land status of the settlement, with a specific
mandate to monitor absolute levels of service coverage and differential
levels of service availability throughout the ULB area.
xi. Economic empowerment
Economic Support/Enterprise Development:

There is a need for ULBs to support interventions designed to address
livelihood needs of the urban poor. This will include:
i. the provision of vocational training facilities
ii. implementation of savings and credit schemes for selfemployment
iii. addressing constraints in the labour market
iv. providing improved access to raw materials and marketing
support
v. legal rights and redressal systems
It would be desirable for the ULB to involve the private sector in such
initiatives wherever possible.
7.12

i. Increase housing availability and affordability.
ii. Increase land under gross residential area from the existing 9.92%
to about 23% in CDPA.
iii. Create 12000 EWS houses to rehabilitate about 45% of existing
slum households.
iv. Move to market-based auctions to choose the developer:
v. Build about 5,000 additional low-income housing units by creating
Special Housing Zones (SHZs) through targeted incentives in
Sikharpur zone.
vi. Upgrade other infrastructure at community, neighbourhood and city
level.
vii. Re-densify the identified intensive development zones such as
Sikharpur.
viii. Development of new housing colonies and new townships in the
extensive development zones in Barang, Gopalpur and Nirgundi.
This will include apartments and gated colonies, high-rise
apartments in areas with relaxed height norms and increased FAR
provision.
112
Housing
ix. Augmentation of the existing housing schemes that are indicating

slow growth like those at Bidanasi.
7.12.1 Housing/Rental policy
The government recently hiked the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR), leading
to the increase in the cost of the house. The rising construction cost and
land prices will ultimately be passed on to the end user.
The builders' bid for the land to match the reserve price of the land is
decided by the development authority. If the land is expensive, it will have
a cascading effect on the price of the houses as well.
The government must therefore provide builders land at a reasonable
price. Some proposed measures are:
i. Increasing the Floor Space Index (FSI).
ii. Announcing more incentives for consumers and suppliers.
iii. Giving loans to consumer on lower less interest rate real estate
mutual funds could be introduced.
If NHB gets money from the market at a cheaper rate, it will be able to
lend further on lower rates. Home loans to the tune of Rs 20 lakh or less
can be made available to the customers on lower interest rates, and
loans of higher amount on commercial rate of interest.
The National Housing Bank will introduce reverse mortgage for senior
citizens under which the house owner can avail of a monthly stream of
income while remaining owner and occupying the house.
7.12.2 FDI in Townships
To boost Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in townships, housing built-up
infrastructure and construction of development projects, the Government
has reduced the minimum area to be developed from 100 acres to 25
acres (approx.) or built up space of 50,000 sq. meters and with a
minimum capitalization of $10 million for wholly owned subsidiaries or $5
million in the case of a Joint Venture with Indian partners.
7.12.3 Concept of SRZ and SRC
The Confederation of Real Estate Developers in India (CREDAI) has
recommended the concept of Special Residential Zones (SRZ), to the
Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India. This is similar to
the concept of Special Economic Zones (SEZ). It urges the government
to define affordable housing for the EWS and LIG as one in the 300 sq ft
to 700 sq ft range and allow construction of only affordable housing in an
SRZ.
113
Housing
In another proposal, the National Real Estate Developers Consortium

(NaREDCo) has proposed that land for affordable housing should be
made available by the government at controlled prices. They have
proposed the concept of Special Residential Corridors (SRC) which
should be located next to SEZs to benefit from the available
infrastructure.
According to some reports, most home buyers look at the range between
15-25 lakh for buying a home. With soaring land prices, it is getting
increasingly difficult to keep the house price in that range. Real estate
developers feel that it is not possible to provide low-cost housing with
surging land prices. They state that for consumers to benefit, the
government has to provide builders land at a reasonable price; otherwise
it is not possible to provide houses at affordable prices.
7.12.4 Concept of Personal Floors
The BPTP one of the major real estate players in India today has
introduced the concept of personal floors in their 1350 Acre Township
project Parklands in Faridabad near Delhi. This is a low-rise project and it
offers freehold floors in ground plus three floors apartments. The price of
these floors starts at Rs 19.85 lakh onwards. These floors can be
registered as freehold properties. The project offers options of 2 and 3
bedroom floors with an area of 1,170 sq.ft. and 1,414 sq.ft.
7.12.5 Low-Income Housing Tax Credit
The low income housing tax credit programme (LIHTC), according to the
US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), 2003, is a
massive rental housing programme designed to provide a mixed income
development. The programme stipulates builders to construct a specified
number of affordable homes for low income groups as part of an inclusive
approach. This would entitle the builder to tax credits. The LIHTC
provides funding for the development costs of low-income housing by
allowing a taxpayer to take a tax credit equal to a large percentage of the
cost incurred for development of the low-income units in a rental housing
project. To take advantage of the LIHTC, a developer will typically
propose a project to a state agency, seek and win a competitive
allocation of tax credits, complete the project, certify its cost, and rent-up
the project to low income tenants.
7.12.6 Housing Choice Voucher
This programme is an effort to assist LIG and EWS as well as elderly
families in the US, find a decent housing for them in the private housing
market. The participant is free to choose any housing that meets the
requirements of the program and is not limited to units located in
subsidized housing projects.
114
Housing
Norms and Bye-laws
Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) programme aims at fostering mobility

among low income groups. Under the HCV programme, a rental housing
unit is considered to be affordable when it charges rent at or below the
fair market rent for the concerned urban area and it has to meet minimum
standards of safety and health. In the US according to studies, there
already exits over 16 million such affordable rental units. Housing choice
vouchers are administered locally by public housing agencies (PHAs),
which receive funds from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban
Development (HUD) to administer the voucher program. A family that is
issued a housing voucher is responsible for finding a suitable housing
unit of the family's choice where the owner agrees to rent under the
program. This unit may even include the family's present residence. A
housing subsidy is paid to the landlord directly by the PHA on behalf of
the participating family. The family then pays the difference between the
actual rent charged by the landlord and the amount subsidized by the
program.
7.13
Norms and Bye-laws
For achieving world class standards a set of bye-laws have been

proposed in accordance to the Draft Building Regulation of CDA (2010).
Group Housing means Housing for more than one dwelling unit,
where land is owned jointly (as in the case of co-operative Societies or
the public agencies, such as local authorities or housing boards etc.) and
the construction is undertaken by one agency..
Habitable room means a room having area of not less than 9.0 SqMt.,
width 2.4 m. (Min.), height 2.75 m. (min.) occupied or designed for
occupancy by one or more persons for study, living, sleeping, eating,
cooking if it is used as a living room, but does not include bathrooms,
corridors, cellars, attics and spaces that are not used frequently or during
extended periods.
Multi - Storey or High Rise Building means a building whose height
is 15 meters or more, measured from the average level of the centre line
of the street on which the site abuts.
Row Housing means a row of contiguous houses with only front, rear
and interior open spaces.
Semi-Detached Building means building detached on three sides
(front, rear and side) with open spaces as specified under the
Regulations.
Refer to Chapter-14 for the permissible/prohibited land uses in
different use zones and Appendix-I for the setbacks, height, FAR,
parking
space;
Multi-storied
buildings;
Group
Housing
Schemes/Apartments bye laws.
115
Housing
116
Water Supply
8.1
8.1.1
Water Supply
Water Supply Scenario of Cuttack Development Plan Area
Cuttack, the erstwhile princely capital of Orissa lies on the head of

Mahanadi Delta, more precisely, on the banks of the major Rivers
Mahanadi, Devi and Kathajodi. The general topography of the city, which
2
is spread over an area of 38.5 km , is flat and gently sloping from west to
east. The general ground levels inside the city are low and below high
flood levels of two rivers namely, Mahanadi in the north and Kathajodi in
the south. The high ground elevations, which are towards the bank of the
rivers, are MSL + 30m in the north and MSL + 20m in the south and to
the east of the city. The central part of city is low with an elevation close
to MSL + 17m. Thus the city has a saucer-like profile with many low lying
areas inside the city. Since the city lies at the confluence of these two big
rivers, Mahanadi on the North and Kathajodi on the South, it is regarded
as the most flood prone city of Orissa. Though, the city is surrounded by
embankments which protect it from flooding, it suffers badly from flooding
and water logging in the rivers during floods as well as due to high water
tide. It is estimated that an area of 89.44 km
in this district is prone to
water-logging.
8.1.1.1 Water Supply Scenario of CMC
Cuttack municipal area has been divided into four water supply districts:
(i) Ranihat (ii) Kila Area near Stadium (iii) Annapurna Theater in Tinkonia
Baghicha and (iv) Town Hall.
The other areas and institutions like Police Colony, Mahanadi Vihar,
Ravenshaw College, Cuttack Medical College, Engineering School and
Kanika Kothi Area (Biju Pattnaik Chhak, near OWSSB office) are
provided with water supply by their own independent systems. The water
is supplied for 8 to 10 hours per day. Source of water supply to the city is
based on tube wells only. There are 90 tube wells in the city for supply of
drinking water. Average depth of the tube wells is about 100m below
ground level. Details of existing water supply system are summarized in
Table 8.1. Existing distribution pipes are inadequate and not satisfactorily
functioning. Pipes are incrusted due to high iron content in the water, and
therefore, not able to carry adequate discharge flow rate. Maintenance
and repair of these pipes is rather costly compared to that of laying new
pipes. Therefore the damaged pipes are currently being replaced by
PHEO, Orissa. The quality of groundwater of Cuttack municipal area has
been tested at different locations by OWSSB and are reported (Table
8.2) within prescribed limits.
117
Water Supply
Table 8.1: Details of existing water supply

No. of Tube Wells
90
Total Qty. of Water Production (m3 / day)
115,000
No. of Public Stand Posts
1,146
No. of House Connections
20,000
Source: PHEO, Orissa (updated as per information from PHEO office, 2006)
Table 8.2: Characteristics of Groundwater in Cuttack
Unit
Deer
Park
Naya
Bazaar
Nehru
Pally
Town
Hall
Police
Colony
Mahanadi
Vihar
Standard
No.
6.80
7.0
7.0
8.2
7.3
7.2
6.5 8.5
NTU
Micromoh
/cm
o
C
1.20
1.5
3.0
3.4
0.5
1.4
320.00
140.0
40.0
307.0
28.00
28.0
0.2
26.0
Chloride
mg/l
60.00
20.0
86.0
60.0
40.0
40.0
250.0
Iron
Hardness of
CaCO 3
Fluoride
mg/l
0.30
0.2
Nil
1.4
0.9
0.1
0.3
mg/l
70.00
80.0
Nil
24.0
118.0
104.0
mg/l
Nil
Nil
Sulphate
mg/l
Nil
Nil
200.0
Parameters
pH
Turbidity
Conductivity
Temperature
Source: CPCB, Central Pollution Control Board, 2003
Though the general characteristics of water (Table 8.2) are satisfying the
requirements of palatable water, in many areas of Cuttack, the
groundwater is generally reported saline with high total dissolved solids.
The geographical positioning of Cuttack may be responsible for the
0.00% 0.26%
reported salinity of drinking water sources. It is said that the drinking
0.26%
water is polluted with high concentrations of iron, which can be removed
10%
7%
only with proper water treatment. The presence of natural iron in ground
water, or its encrustation in water supply systems due to the rusting of
1.29%
6%
pipes may cause the growth of iron bacteria resulting in the
59%
contamination of drinking water. Many wards, which were said to be in

17%
the water distribution network, are only partially fed. In many areas, water
supply is available only for few hours, that too in morning time. The
conditions are pathetic in certain semi-urban crowded areas, where the
supply is once in two or three days for limited times, and that too only in
early hours.
An amount of 115 MLD of water from 90 numbers of tube wells is being
supplied to Cuttack town through 20,000 house service connections and
Own Tap
Own Tube Well
Own Well
Tank
Own Tap & Tube well
Fig 8.1: Percentage

dependence on different water
supply sources in Old Cuttack
1146 numbers of stand posts.The percentage dependence of people on

different water supply sources of Old Cuttack is shown in Fig 8.1.
118
Community Tap
Community Tube Well
Community well
Own Tap and well
Water Supply
8.1.1.2 Water
Supply
Scenario
in
Choudwar
Municipalities,
Charbatia and Rural areas of CDPA

There is no provision of safe drinking water supply through pipelines and
0%
1%
2%
majority of the rural population is depending on various ground water
1% 1%
10%
sources (Fig 8.2). Considerable percentage of people are depending on
15%
open or dug wells for water apart from community tube wells. There is no
guarantee on the quality of these waters as the routine monitoring is
rarely done.
41%
29%
The existing water supply availability in Choudwar Municipalities and

Charbatia areas are shown in Fig 8.3. In all these areas 40-50% people
Own Tap
Own Tube Well
Own Well
Tank
Own Tap & Tube well
Community Tap
Community Tube Well
Community well
Own Tap and well
are using water from their own wells for drinking. Around 20-30% have
therir own tap connections. The percentage of people using community
facilities is around 8-12% only. It is clear that people are interested in
using their own facilities wherever available. No systematic and
Fig 8.2: Percentage

dependence on different water
supply sources in rural areas of
CDPA
consistent water quality data was made available about the quality of
water in these systems of supply. A comparative evaluation on the
proximity to the drinking water sources is also shown in Table 8.3. The
statistics available clearly shows that the proximity to safe drinking water
sources is steadily decreasing towards rural areas, suggesting the need
for providing more closer access.
0%
1%
Table 8.3: The distance of water sources (%) from individual

households - a comparative evaluation
0% 0%
19%
46%
13%
CMC
CDPA Rural
Choudwar (M)
and Charbatia
C.T
Inside house
91.16
64.96
65.13
< 100m
6.78
23.54
23.68
100-500m
2.05
11.50
11.18
> 500m
0.00
0.00
0.00
1%
20%
Own Tap
Community Tap
Own Tube Well
Community Tube Well
Own Well
Community well
Tank
Own Tap and well
Own Tap & Tube well
Source: Socio Economic Survey Report, IIT Kharagpur, 2006
Fig 8.3: Percentage

dependence of people on
various types of water sources
in Choudwar-Charbatia area
119
8.1.2
Water Supply - Proposals
Proposals
Based on the objectives of full coverage of urban communities with easy

access to potable drinking water in quantities recommended to meet the
domestic and other essential non-domestic purposes, the recommended
per capita water supply levels for designing schemes is given in Table
8.4.
Table 8.4: Recommended per capita water supply levels for
designing schemes
Classifications of towns/cities
Recommended maximum
water supply levels (lpcd)
Metropolitan and mega cities provided with

piped water supply where sewerage system
is existing/contemplated
150
Figure excludes unaccounted for water which should be limited to 15%
The expected status of water use in various zones of Cuttack

Development Plan Area and
CMC, CDPA (rural), and Choudwar
Municipality (M) for 2008 and 2030 is given in Tables 8.6 and 8.7
respectively. The rate of water supply is considered for Cuttack
Development Plan Area as 200 lpcd.
Industrial needs
While the per capita rates of supply recommended will ordinarily include
the requirement of small industries (other than factories) distributed within
a town, separate provisions will have to be included for meeting the
demands likely to be made by specific industries within the urban areas.
The forecast of this demand will be based on the nature and magnitude
of each such industry and the quantity of water required per unit of
production. The water requirements of various industries are given in
Table 8.5.The potential for industrial expansion should be carefully
investigated, so that the availability of adequate water supply may attract
such industries and add to the economic prosperity of the community. In
the context of reuse of water in several industries, the requirement of
fresh water is getting reduced considerably.
120
Table 8.5: Water Requirements for Different Industries
Sl. No.
Industry
Unit of production
Water requirement in
Kilolitres per unit
Automobile
Vehicle
40
Distillery
(Kilolitre Alcohol)
122-170
Fertilizer
Tonne
80-200
Leather
100 Kg (tanned)
Paper
Tonne
200-400
Special quality
paper
Tonne
400-1000
Straw board
Tonne
75-100
Petroleum Refinery
Tonne (crude)
1-2
Steel
Tonne
200-250
10
Sugar
Tonne (cane
crushed)
1-2
11
Textile
100 Kg (goods)
8-14
Source: CPHEEO Manual on Water Supply and Treatment.
Table 8.6: Water demand in various zones of Cuttack

Water
Demand
in 2030
(MLD)
Area
Requirement
for Water
Treatment
Plant ( ha)
1.1
Zone
number
Population 2008
Population
2030
Water
Demand
in 2008
(MLD)
25000
85000
17
45000
80000
16
6000
12000
1.2
2.4
34000
56000
6.8
11.2
40000
115000
23
110000
250000
22
50
317000
350000
63.4
70
138000
220000
27.6
44
22000
42000
4.4
8.4
10
40000
110000
22
11
50000
180000
10
36
2.4
Total
827000
1500000
165.4
300
19.8
2.0
1.5
10.8
2.1
So minimum reserve provision of 25 MGD at Nirgundi zone and 10 MGD

at Barang zone for 20 years for meeting future industrial demands. The
location of the proposed treatment plants is shown in Map 8.1.
121
Table 8.7: Water demand in CMC, CDPA (rural), and Choudwar

Municipality (M) for 2008 and 2030 of Cuttack Development Plan Area
Population
2008
Population
2030
Water
Requirement
in 2008 (MLD)
Water
Requirement
in 2030 (MLD)
CMC
655000
1115000
131
223
Choudwar
70000
125000
14
25
CDPA rural
102000
260000
20.4
52
Total
827000
1500000
165.4
300
Area
8.1.2.1 Drinking water scenario of CDPA in 2030

The anticipated population in CMC in 2030 would be 1115000. The
expected water demand (@ 200 lpcd with 15% anticipated losses) will be
223 MLD (~ 49 MGD). Since the present availability of drinking water is
only 115 MLD, there will be a minimum shortage of 108 MLD (~ 24 MGD)
water in 2030 in CMC. The water requirements in CMC, Choudwar
Municipality and Rural CDPA as well as various zones of CDPA are
illustrated in Fig 8.4 and 8.5. It means that the capacity of the existing
water supply systems will be insufficient for supplying water to the public
even for the urban areas of CMC, suggesting the need for additional
water supply to cater to the growing demand.
8.1.2.2
Water availability in 2031
Since Cuttack is under the confluence of the perennial rivers Mahanadi

and Kathajodi, sub-surface water potential of the area appears adequate
to cater to the needs of people in future. However, the ground water
potential can also be explored to a limited extent (Fig 8.6).To assure safe
drinking water supply, the water from the collector wells/tube wells is to
80
70
60
2008
50
2030
40
30
20
10
Gopalpur
Barang
Mundali
Sikharpur
Old
Cuttack
Bidanasi
Nimapur
Choudwar
Chhatisa
Charbatia
Nirgundi
Water Requirement in MLD
be treated and be properly disinfected.
Zones
Fig 8.4: Water requirement in various administrative areas

of Cuttack Development Plan Area in 2008 and 2030
122
Water Requirement in MLD
250
200
2008
150
2030
100
50
0
CMC
Choudw ar
Municipality
CDPA Rural
Administrative Areas
Fig 8.5: Water requirement in various zones of planning

area in 2008 and 2030
Sub-surface water
Ground Water
24%
76%
Figure 8.6: Expected dependence on different water supply

sources in 2030 in Cuttack
8.1.2.3 Proposals for implementation

A. CMC
It is essential to provide an additional minimum quantity of 108 MLD
water to meet the drinking water demand of Cuttack Municipal
Corporation in 2030. As ground water potential of the area appears
reasonably enough to support the drinking water needs, the present trend
of relying solely on it may continue. But, apart from providing individual
tube wells, a system of collector wells (cluster of tube wells) with an
arrangement for treating the raw ground water (Fig 8.7) is recommended
for safe drinking water. Majority of the drinking water demand can be met
using the surface/sub-surface flow of River Mahanadi/Kathajodi as a
source of supply through collector wells/intake wells using vertical turbine
pumps. A group of pumps can draw and distribute water directly to the
network system, vertical turbine pumps can be used to store water in
clear water reservoirs (CWR) by pumping through collector mains, and
groups of centrifugal pumps will supply water to nearby overhead
reservoirs (OHR) from where it can be distributed. The block diagram of a
123
proposed water treatment plant is shown in Fig 8.7. Two water treatment
plants of 122 MLD and 38 MLD using sub-surface/surface water from
Kathajodi and ground water respectively can be provided in Cuttack. The
locations of water treatment plants and various proposed intake
wells/collector wells at various zones of CDPA are marked in Map 8.1.
Collector
Well
Clariflocculator
Flash
Mixer
Cascade aerator
Holding basin
Supply
C
W
R
Filter House
OHT
Chlorinator
Fig 8.7: Proposed water treatment plant for CMC with subsurface or ground water as the source of supply
Cost estimate
The anticipated expenditure of the proposed water supply system for
Cuttack is shown in Table 8.8. In this proposed collector well water
supply system, the per capita cost of the scheme will be around Rs. 2300
in 2030 for CMC areas.
Table 8.8: Tentative estimate for the components of water
supply system for CMC
Sl.
No.
Description of the components
Tentative cost (crores)
Proposed raw water intake systems
15
Construction of new water treatment plants
30
Clear water transmission systems
25
Construction of service reservoirs
35
5
6
Proposed distribution system to cover the

whole area
Miscellaneous items like electrical,
contingency, other operational
infrastructures etc.
Total
O&M costs
120
25
250
7.0
Action Plan
The following targets are to be fulfilled to assure a sustainable drinking
water system for Cuttack:
i. Planning, design and implementation of a sustainable water
supply scheme mainly based on surface/sub-surface/intake wells
124
water supply from the rivers Mahanadi and Kathajodi and ground
water.
ii. Covering the entire CMC area with a continuous water supply
system assuring 24 hr supply with adequate pressure in the
distribution system even at the tail ends.
iii. Controlled use and management of ground water assuring
treatment with disinfectants before distribution.
iv. Public awareness against misuse of water.
v. Adequate reforms so as to balance the O&M cost with the
revenue out of the water supply distribution.
B. Choudwar Municipalities and Rural Areas of CDPA
No systematic and consistent data was made available about the quality
of water in these systems of supply. The available statistics clearly shows
that the proximity to safe drinking water sources is steadily decreasing
towards rural areas, suggesting the need for providing more closer
access.
It appears that in the absence of a centralized water supply system
majority of the people are depending on ground water sources for long.
But the increasing pollution of ground water sources demands that
people should be provided with safe drinking water, necessitating
treatment of water. The majority of the high water demand in CDPA rural
(~ 52 MLD) and Choudwar Municipal area (~25 MLD) could be met by
using the surface/sub-surface/intake wells of River Mahanadi.
Action plan
i. Planning and implementation of water distribution systems based
on available sub-surface and ground water sources.
ii. Covering the entire CDPA with a continuous water supply system
assuring 24 hr supply with adequate pressure in the distribution
system even at the tail ends.
iii. For CDPA rural and Choudwar Municipality the sub-surface water
potential of Mahanadi and its tributaries could be explored.
iv. Public awareness against misuse of water.
v. Adequate reforms so as to balance the Annual O&M cost with the
revenue out of the water supply distribution.
125
Cost estimate
The tentative cost estimate for the proposed water supply system for
CDPA is shown in Table 8.9.
Table 8.9: Tentative cost estimate (in crores) of proposed water
supply distribution systems in 2030 for various zones of CDPA
Sl.
No.
Areas
Zone number
Total capital
cost(Crores)
Annual O&M
Costs(Crores)
Nirgundi
19
0.6
Charbatia
18
0.6
Chhatisa
0.1
Choudwar
13
0.4
Nimapur
26
0.8
Bidanasi
56
1.7
Old Cuttack
78
2.4
Sikharpur
49
1.5
Mundali
0.3
10
Barang
10
25
0.8
11
Gopalpur
11
40
1.2
Cost of Industrial water demand
175
5.5
Total CDPA
541
16
*Add the cost towards the price escalation of materials@10% and the cost towards
the price escalation of labour charges@10% in the above mentioned capital cost.
126
Sewerage System
8.2
Sewerage System
There is no systematic sewerage system in the city, the discharge of

domestic waste through storm water drains is directed to the river. As a
result, the quality of water in Mahanadi and Kathajodi Rivers shows
deterioration in quality. It is reported that the down stream of Cuttack has
a higher degree of pollution with high values of BOD, FC and COD. The
high organic pollution in the river is due to the direct flow of sewage and
domestic discharge into the river. The open drainage system of the city is
totally polluted by sewage, contaminated ground water, and other
wastes.
8.2.1
Existing System of Sewerage
A part of the city i.e. Professor Para, Sagadia Sahi, Ranihat and
Mahatab Road area have been covered by sewerage system for 40,000
people. The existing sewerage scheme is more than 20 years old and
the same is functioning now.Three pumping stations have been installed
at Raja Bagicha, Professor Para and Chhatra Bazar for pumping sewage
finally to dispose of at Matagajpur oxidation pond. It is reported that the
Orissa
Water
Supply
and
Sewerage
Board
have
prepared
comprehensive sewerage scheme for Cuttack city. The sewage is to be

conveyed to Matagajpur where a sewage treatment plant of 33 MLD has
already been constructed and commissioned recently (Fig 8.8).
At present the existing collection system is divided into 3 sewerage
blocks, namely Block-V, Block-VII and Block-XIX. The 3 pumping stations
at Chhatra Bazar, Professor Pada and Raja Bagicha are using
submersible 13.5 HP pumps which are discharging the final flow into the
treatment plant. The sewerage system under Block-V covers parts of
Ward Nos. 15, 19 and 20. The sewage from this Block is collected at
Chhatra Bazar Pumping Station and pumped again into the main sump at
Fig 8.8: A view of the sewage
treatment plant of 33 MLD
capacity located at
Matgajapur.
Chhatra Bazar Pumping Station. Then this final flow is pumped into the
inlet chamber of Sewage Treatment Plant. It is reported that all existing
pipe diameters in this block are adequate for future design flows except
some portion of trunk sewers and few lateral pipes, which will have to be
replaced. In this Block, the total length of existing sewer pipe is 8.45 km
and existing diameters vary from 150 mm to 375 mm. The sewerage
system under Block-VII covers part of Ward Nos. 20, 21 & 23. This area
is fully saturated and scope for further development is less. The sewage
from this Block is collected in the sump of Professor Pada Pumping
Station. Again this sewage is pumped into the Chhatra Bazar Sump and
Pump House. From here it is pumped into the sewage treatment plant. It
is reported that all existing pipes of the Block are adequate for future
flows. In this Block, the total length of existing sewer pipe is 6.8 km and
existing diameters vary from 150 mm to 375 mm. The sewerage system
127
Sewerage System
under Block-XIX covers parts of Ward No. 18 and 19. The sewage from
this is collected at Raja Bagicha sump and pumped to the Chhatra Bazar
pumping station and then pumped into the sewerage treatment plant.
The total length of the existing sewer pipe is 3.82 km and existing sewer
pipe diameters vary from 150 to 300 mm. Here also, all small existing
pipe diameters are adequate for future design flows except trunk sewers
and few lateral pipes. The total sewage flow generated from these blocks
in future will be pumped into the existing STP at Matagajpur
8.2.1.1 Waste water generation
The total population of project area for 2008 is available as 827000. For
the purpose of design, the wastewater generated is estimated
considering water supply rate as 200 lpcd and it is assumed that 80% of
the water supply i.e. 160 litres per capita per day (lpcd) reaches the
sewers. Infiltration into the wastewater system occurs through defective
sewers, manholes etc. The rate of infiltration into sewers also depends
upon the ground water table and permeability of the surrounding soil.
Strict quality control and good workmanship will ensure minimum
infiltration in initial condition; the same may increase, as the system
condition deteriorates with age. Since the sewerage system is supposed
to be a watertight system, as any leakage will eventually accelerate the
sub-soil water pollution, the expected wastewater generation is 132 MLD
(29 MGD) in 2008.
8.2.1.2 New Sewerage Scheme
Under this study, a new sewerage scheme is proposed in Ward No. 1,
part of Ward No.15 and parts of Ward No.20, 24-33, 34 & 35. The
treatment plant of 33 MLD has been constructed and recently
commissioned at Matagajpur. The treatment plant is having anaerobic
ponds (2 nos) followed by facultative ponds (2 nos). Pre-treatment units
of screen and grit chambers are provided. The effluent after treatment will
be discharged into River Kathajodi. Low cost sanitation is suggested for
Khannagar, Nuashai, Dhabasahi, Malgodown Beharia Sahi, Pilgrim road,
Sagar Sahi, Ranihat, Jaimangal, Harijan Basti and Mochi Sahi areas.
In Cuttack City public latrines exist in some areas, which are maintained
by Cuttack Municipal Corporation and Sulabh International (Pay and Use
Toilets). It is learned that there are 106 slums located all over the city.
Community toilets are to be provided in localities where all individual
dwellings units do not have their own toilets.
8.2.1.3 Sanitation scenario in Rural CDPA, Choudwar Municipalities
and Charbatia areas
The poor sanitation facilities in rural areas of CDPA are represented by
the data presented in Tables 8.10 and 8.11. The rural areas of CDPA
128
Sewerage System
present a much feebler picture than rural BDPA. It is evident that the
sewerage system in Bhubaneswar is far better than Cuttack. But, as
stated earlier, the sanitation facilities in terms of septic tank system is
better in CDPA than in BDPA. As expected, the distance between the
toilets and wells is more in rural areas than in municipal areas (Table
8.11).
Table 8.10: The type of sanitation facilities (in average percentages)
available among the Municipal and rural areas - a comparative evaluation
C MC
CDPA Rural
Choudwar (M) and

Charbatia C.T
Sewer Connected
6.605
0.0
19.83
Septic Tank
88.67
76.03
66.12
Pit
1.11
2.05
0.83
Others
2.665
6.16
0.00
Not Responded
0.95
15.75
13.22
Source: Socio-Economic Survey Report, IIT Kharagpur, 2006
Table 8.11: The average percentage distance between toilets and wells in
the Municipal and rural area of CDPA- a comparative evaluation
C MC
CDPA Rural
Choudwar (M)
and Charbatia
C.T
<5m
4.84
14.47
38.89
5-10m
14.59
17.11
31.48
10-15m
29.01
38.16
24.07
>15m
51.57
30.26
5.56
Source: Socio-Economic Survey Report, IIT Kharagpur, 2006
8.2.2 Wastewater Management in 2030

8.2.2.1 Expected Sewage Generation in Cuttack Development
Plan Area (CDPA)
The total population of project area for 2008 is available as 827000. For
the purpose of design, the wastewater generated is estimated
considering water supply rate as 200 lpcd and it is assumed that 80% of
the water supply reaches the sewers. So, the expected wastewater
generation is 132 MLD (~29 MGD) in 2008. Similarly, for an anticipated
population of 1500000 in CDPA in 2030, the expected wastewater
generation would be 240 MLD (~ 53 MGD). The wastewater generation
rates are compared in Fig 8.9 and 8.10. and also in Map 8.2. Since the
maximum capacity of the existing facilities is only 37.5 MLD, there will be
a shortage of sewage facilities for 94.5 MLD and 202.5 MLD in 2008 and
129
Sewerage System
2030 respectively. So, additional STP facilities for this excess sewage
60
50
2008
40
2030
30
20
10
Gopalpur
Barang
Mundali
Sikharpur
Old Cuttack
Bidanasi
Nimapur
Choudwar
Chhatisa
Charbatia
0
Nirgundi
Wastewater Generation in MLD
are to be provided.
Zones
Wastewater Generation in MLD
Fig 8.9: Wastewater generation in various zones of

planning area in 2008 and 2030
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2008
2030
CMC
Choudwar
Municipality
CDPA Rural
Fig 8.10: Wastewater generation in various administrative
areas of Cuttack Development Plan Area in 2008 and 2030
8.2.3 Proposals for Implementation

8.2.3.1 The Background
In a modern society, proper management of wastewater is a necessity,
not an option.
A wide range of communicable diseases can be spread through elements
of the environment by human and animal waste products, if not disposed
properly.
The development of effective water and wastewater treatment methods
has virtually eliminated major water borne epidemics in developed
countries. Developing countries like ours, where treated water is not
available to a majority of the population, still experience epidemics like
130
Sewerage System - Proposals
cholera and typhoid. It is also to be mentioned that as per the report of

the Planning Commission for the Tenth Five Year Plan, which
emphasizes that all cities, towns and industrial areas should compulsorily
have sewage treatment plants and are to be implemented in a time
bound manner. Advanced waste water treatment process is currently
being so developed that it will produce palatable water from domestic
wastewater.
i. Since it is necessary to provide sewage treatment facilities for 240
MLD wastewater, a decentralized wastewater treatment system
would be more appropriate. The centralized sewage treatment
system appears inappropriate as it may end up with very huge
sizes of sewers and various issues of conveyance in handling this
huge quantity of wastewater.
ii. The treatment plants and sewers are to be so aligned as to
reduce the number of crossings with railway tracks and National
Highways of the area. The proximities of natural drains for treated
effluent disposal, minimum obstructions for laying sewers, and the
possibilities of acquiring land for sewage treatment plants (STPs)
turns important in orienting and locating the plants.
iii. It is proposed to construct five sewage treatment plants (STP I,
STP II, STP III, STP IV and STP V) in Cuttack Municipal
Corporation to cover Bidanasi, Old Cuttack, Sikharpur, Nimapur
and Gopalpur zones of the planning area. The land requirements
and capacity of the sewage treatment plants are given in Tables
8.12 and 8.13, respectively.
The locations of these treatment units are given in Map 8.3.
To cover the other zones, 5 STPs of various capacities, as given in Table
8.13, are proposed and its locations are shown in Map 8.3.
Nirgundi Zone,
Charbatia Zone,
Chhatisa Zone and Choudwar Zone
Mundali Zone
Barang Zone
i. The possibilities of re-use of treated wastewater effluent for
irrigation, gardening etc. should be looked into.
ii. The construction of treatment plants could be carried out in a
phased manner on a modular/zonal basis in the planning area
consistent with the future development/demand.
131
Table 8.12: Sewage generation in various zones of CDPA in

2008 and 2030
Sl.
No.
Areas
Zone
number
Population in
2008
Population
in 2030
Wastewater
Generation in
2008 (MLD)
Wastewater
Generation in
2030 (MLD)
Area requirement
(ha)
Nirgundi
25000
85000
13.6
Charbatia
45000
80000
7.2
12.8
Chhatisa
6000
12000
0.96
1.92
Choudwar
34000
56000
5.44
8.96
Nimapur
40000
115000
6.4
18.4
Bidanasi
110000
250000
17.6
40
12
Old
Cuttack
317000
350000
50.72
56
17
Sikharpur
138000
220000
22.08
35.2
11
Mundali
22000
42000
3.52
6.72
10
Barang
10
40000
110000
6.4
17.6
11
Gopalpur
11
50000
180000
28.8
827000
1500000
132.32
240
72
Total CDPA
Table 8.13: Capacity of Sewage treatment plants for various

zones of CDPA
Sl.
No.
Zones
Area
Capacity of Sewage
Treatment Plant (MGD)
Narapara
3.0
Kalyansinghpur
3.0
Chashapara
2.5
Nirgundi
Charbatia
Chhatisa
Choudwar
Nimapur
Gopinathpur
4.0
Bidanasi
Subarnapur
9.0
Old Cuttack
Mahanadi No.2
12.0
Sikharpur
Kantilo
8.0
Mundali
Talagar
1.5
10
Barang
Belagachhia
4.0
11
Gopalpur
Pratapnagari
6.5
Total CDPA
53.5
8.2.3.3 Treatment Options

Considering the technical feasibility and economical viability of different
treatment options for treatment of wastewater (like Activated sludge
process(ASP), Up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors,
132
Fluidized aerobic beds, Trickling filters, and waste stabilization ponds) for
CDPA, the choice can be either the conventional activated sludge
process or UASB reactors.
The conventional ASP system is a widely used wastewater treatment
option in major cities of India. It has become popular as a reliable
technology with good resource recovery (60-75% methane) of biogas. It
assures a removal rate of more than 90-95% of organics from
wastewater. UASB reactors are also gaining ground as an alternative to
the
conventional
treatment
techniques
with
their
simplicity and
comparable removal efficiency. However, the UASB renders effluents

with relatively high NPK values demanding post treatment by polishing
units. The cost of treatment of wastewater, unit cost, and quality of the
effluent varies only marginally among these two treatment options. The
success of the ASP systems elsewhere, with its easy maintenance and
management makes it an appropriate choice for CDPA.
8.2.3.4 The Sewage Treatment System proposed
The ASP system proposed as shown in Fig 8.11 should contain the
following units:
1) Screens
2) Grit chamber
3) Primary clarifier (PC)
4) Aeration tank or ASP tank
5) Secondary clarifier (SC),
6) Sludge digesters, and
6) Sludge drying bed for the treatment of sludge obtained from primary
Screen
Grit Chamber
ASP
SC
Effluent
recycled
PC
Sludge Drying
Bed
Influent
w/w
clarifier and secondary clarifier.
Effluent
water
Sludge
Digester
Fig 8.11: The proposed ASP treatment system for

Cuttack Municipal Corporation
8.2.3.5 Cost Estimates

The tentative expenditure for the proposed sewage treatment plants at
Bidanasi, Old Cuttack and Sikharpur is given in Table 8.14. The tentative
cost of the proposed sewerage system is around 353 crores, as given in
Table 8.15. The cost estimates for the other 7 zones are given in Tables
133
8.16-8.22 respectively.The cost estimate for the proposed sewerage

system for CDPA is given in Table 8.23.
Table 8.14: The expected cost estimate of the proposed Sewage
Treatment Plants at Bidanasi, Old Cuttack and Sikharpur zones.
Sl.
No.
Description of the items
Tentative quantity/costs
*Quantity of sewage to be treated
94 MLD
Area of STP required
97 acres
Cost of construction of a STP unit

(Rs. 60 lakhs/MLD)
5640 lakhs
Annual O&M costs for a STP unit
Rs. 170 lakhs
Total initial investment required for three

STPs of 94 MLD#
Total initial cost for 3 STPs in Cuttack
Rs. 5610 lakhs

Rs. 5610 lakhs (around
Rs.56 crores)
* Excluding the cost of existing treatment facilities of 37.5 MLD.

# Excluding land cost.
Table 8.15: The expected cost estimate of the proposed underground

sewerage system of Bidanasi, Old Cuttack and Sikharpur areas for 2030.
Sl.
No.
(Crores)
Proposed treatment plants
56.00
Improvements to the existing sewage

collection system
50.00
Proposed sewage collection system
232.00
Provision for crossings at Railway lines

and major roads for trunk sewers
15.00
Total capital cost
353.00
Operation & Maintenance Cost
Rs.12.0 Crores/annum
Table 8.16: The expected cost estimate of the proposed

sewerage system at Nirgundi
Sl.
No.
134
(Crores)
Quantity of sewage to be treated
14 MLD
4 ha
Total initial investment required for a STP

including Annual O&M costs for a STP unit
9.0
33
Total capital cost
O&M Costs
42.00
1.5

sewerage system at Charbatia
Sl.
No.
(Crores)
13 MLD
4 ha

9.0
33.0
Total capital cost
42
O&M Costs
1.5

sewerage system at Chhatisa and Choudwar
Sl.
No.
(Crores)
11 MLD
4 ha

7.0
26
Total capital cost
33.0
Annual O&M Costs
1.00

sewerage system at Nimapur
Sl.
No.
(Crores)
18 MLD

12
42
Total capital cost
54
O&M Costs
6 ha
2.00
135

sewerage system at Mundali.
Sl.
No.
(Crores)
7 MLD

18
Total capital cost
23
O&M Costs
0.8
2 ha

sewerage system at Barang.
Sl.
No.
(Crores)
18 MLD

12
42
Total capital cost
54
Annual O&M Costs
6 ha
2.00

sewerage system at Gopalpur
Sl.
No.
136
(Crores)
29 MLD

18
68
Total capital cost
86
Annual O&M Costs
9 ha
3.00
Table 8.23: Tentative cost estimate (in crores) of proposed

sewerage systems in 2030 for CDPA
Sl. No.
Areas
Zone number
Total capital
cost(Crores)
Annual O&M
Costs(Crores)
Nirgundi
42
1.5
Charbatia
42
1.5
Chhatisa
3
33
1.0
Choudwar
Nimapur
54
2.0
Bidanasi
Old
Cuttack
353
12
Sikharpur
Mundali
23
1.0
10
Barang
10
54
2.0
11
Gopalpur
11
86
3.0
687
24
Total CDPA
Add the cost towards the price escalation of materials@10% and the cost towards
Accordingly 5 ASP treatment plants of capacity of 40, 56, 35, 18 and 29

MLD are proposed for the five sewage centers of Cuttack Municipal
Corporation. The existing treatment plant at Matagajpur of 33 MLD
capacity will handle the wastewater generated in Sikharpur area.
Since it is necessary to provide additional sewage treatment facilities for
94 MLD in Cuttack, possibilities for expanding the treatment capacities of
the existing plants at Bidanasi and Matagajpur is to be looked into. Since
the STP-I at Subarnapur, in Bidanasi zone contains enough aeration
tanks, it could be converted to an activated sludge treatment system after
proper modification and enhancement of capacity to a minimum of 40
MLD (STP-I). The remaining demand can be met by providing one more
STP i.e STP-II at Mahanadi revenue village, while existing STP-III at
Matagajpur will handle the quantity of wastewater (35 MLD) generated at
Sikharpur area (Zone 08).
137
Drainage
8.3 Drainage
8.3.1 Topography
The city is located at the confluence of two rivers namely, the Mahanadi
and the Kathajodi. It is surrounded by embankments, which protect it
from flooding, but the city suffers severe water logging during high floods
and during high tides in these rivers. The general topography of the town
is a gentle slope from west to east. The maximum elevation is MSL+30 m
in the north and the minimum is MSL+20 m in the south east. The central
part of the city is low with an elevation of about MSL+17 m. A major canal
known as Taldanda canal starts from Jobra at about the center of the city
and runs in a south-southeast direction bisecting the eastern part of the
town. On the western and southern part, the city is divided by the canal.
Storm water drain known as Drain No. 1 runs from west to east and
discharges into the Kathajodi river. Main Drain II runs in west-east
direction and discharges into the Mahanadi river. The East Coast railway
line divides the city into two segments. The western part has the old city
area with maximum population and habitational density, as well as the
areas of newly developed Abhinaba Bidanasi areas of CDA (Cuttack
Development Authority).
8.3.2 The open drain system
The citys drainage, which includes wastewater transport and disposal, is
entirely by open drains.
The city presently has two main drainage
channels along with their tributary drains. These cater to the two portions
of city, segmented by the Taldanda canal, which runs along the central
part of the city. These drainage channels are referred to as CMC Main
Drain I and CMC Main Drain II, as shown in Map 8.4.
8.3.2.1 CMC Main Drain I
The CMC Main Drain I runs for a length of about 10.47 km. The mean
longitudinal slope of the CMC Main Drain I is around 0.05% and the
average longitudinal slope of secondary channels which generally runs
from north or south to the CMC Main Drain I is around 1%. It originates at
Srivihar Colony (Hanuman Temple) near Tulasipur which is to the north
west of the city and ultimately outfalls into the river Kathajodi near
Matagajpur at the citys south east end (Fig 8.12). Beyond the
Matagajpur sluice, water flows for about 2.25 km parallel to the Kathajodi
river inside the flood plain before joining the stream. This reach is not
having a defined drain section. At the origin of CMC Main Drain I, a
tributary drain also joins it at about a km upstream of Srivihar colony.
Fig 8.12: A view of the major

drain No. 1 of Cuttack city from
Bajrakabati square.
The drain which joins the main drain has been encroached upon and is
almost in decaying state. The drainage area of the main drain up to
Matagajpur sluice is 2727 hectares. The average flow of the drain, as
was estimated in a 1982 report, was 106 cumecs at Matagajpur sluice
138
Drainage
and 81 cumecs at NH-5 bridge crossing. At many reaches the drain

sidewalls are reported damaged. The section of the drain is also irregular
and less adequate at many locations in the reach from Naya Bazaar to
Matagajpur. Proper gradient is not maintained at several stretches on its
reach and the hydraulic parameters are also not uniform.
It is reported that the carrying capacity of the drain is throttled due to
narrow culverts at many locations. To prevent the back flow of the rivers
water from entering the city during floods, the drain is controlled by a
gated sluice at its discharging end into river Kathajodi at Matagajpur.
The flap shutters of the Matagajpur drainage sluice are in a damaged
state and allow significant flood flow to enter through it during floods.
This causes flooding in the upstream of the drain, especially affecting the
low-lying pockets. During 1985, two more sluices were built, one at
Matrubhavan to release water to Taldanda canal and the second at
Khannagar Railway Bridge. The Khannagar sluice is linked to the CMC
Main Drain I by a link drain to discharge water into river Kathajodi (Fig
8.13). The link drain is about 1.30 km in length.This gets silted up
Fig 8.13: Disposal of Main
Drain into Kathajodi River, a
view at Khannagar
regularly and needs regrading from time to time. Matrubhavan sluice

seldom helps in evacuation of floodwater due to interference of canal
regulation measures for safety at critical reaches down stream and other
constraints.
8.3.2.2 CMC Main Drain II
The CMC Main Drain II originates from the eastern part of Cuttack
Railway Station, in the vicinity of the railway track. It runs for a length of
5.175 km from OMP square to the bank of river Mahanadi beyond
C.R.R.I. campus and thereafter 3.825 km inside the flood plain before
joining the river Mahanadi. Guluguli sluice on Mahanadis right
embankment, just on the eastern boundary of C.R.R.I, controls the
waters of the river Mahanadi and prevents its back flow from entering the
city. The drainage area of CMC Main Drain II at Guluguli sluice is 565
hectares. No definite drain section is maintained in the reach inside the
C.R.R.I campus.
8.3.3 The problems of flooding
The city suffers badly from flooding and water logging mainly due to high
water levels of the rivers. It gets inundated during heavy downpours due
to inadequate drainage systems.
There are also a number of lower
pockets in the city, from where storm water does not get evacuated
through the existing drainage system (Map 8.4). During the rainy season,
the sewage and storm waters mix and find their way into the households,
creating very unhygienic situations in many of these pockets/localities. It
was reported that during the 2003 monsoon, the issue of water logging
aggravated due to continuous heavy rainfall throughout Cuttack city
followed by high flooding in the rivers. The stormwater drains from
139
Drainage
Cuttack city could not discharge floodwaters to the rivers for more than
29 days in August, September and October due to flood lockage. Except
for stagnating pools of sewage and wastewater, there are fewer problems
in dry weather and non-monsoon seasons. As stated earlier, the problem
becomes acute every year during the monsoon due to inadequate
carrying capacity of the drains.
The problem aggravates when flood
water levels in the two rivers are above the water levels in the drainage
channels. Over the years the two rivers have progressively silted and, as
a result, the floodwater flows at the rivers are at higher levels than the
main drains. This cause flood lockage and often results in back flow of
floodwater to the town through the ineffective control sluices.
During
such times many areas in the city remain water logged while the low-lying
areas get inundated.
The problems are so severe that to drain out
rainwater from the city even during moderate rains, pumping becomes
essential.The Cuttack Municipal Corporation had identified 17 points as
low pockets in the city during the 2003 floods, which is given in Table
8.24. Other low lying areas are also identified and reported in DPR, 2006
as given in Table 8.25.
Table 8.24: Low Lying areas in Cuttack City
Sl No.
Place & Designation
Extent in ha.
1.
Bidanasi Low Pocket
1.26
2.
Tulasipur Low Pocket
8.87
3.
Police Colony Low Pocket
10.09
4.
Sutahat Low Pocket
1.95
5.
Kajibazaar Low Pocket
1.52
6.
Gomhadia Low Pocket
3.32
7.
Pattapola Low Pocket
10.87
8.
Rausapatna Low Pocket
1.62
9.
Samanta Sahi Low Pocket
1.17
10.
Bhagatpur Low Pocket
6.22
11
Haripur Low Pocket
1.02
12.
Raja Bagicha Low Pocket
3.81
13.
Badambadi Low Pocket
4.42
14.
Khannagar Low Pocket
0.98
15.
Jobra Low Pocket
114.08
16.
Mahanadi Vihar Low Pocket
35.00
17.
Khapuria Low Pocket
13.15
Source: Cuttack Municipal Corporation
140
Drainage
Table 8.25: Other low lying areas in Cuttack City
Sl. No.
Place & Designation
Area in ha.
1.
Friends colony Low Pocket
0.91
2.
Santa sahi (east) Low Pocket
0.73
3.
Sikharpur Low Pocket
23.21
4.
Paisa Low Pocket
10.55
Source: DPR, 2006 (Detailed Project Report on Integrated Sewerage and SWM
System for Cuttack City, STC, 2006)
8.3.4 Critical Issues of Concern

By analyzing the present drainage system of Cuttack, the following
critical issues are observed as of concern:
i. The existing system of drainage is inadequate to handle the
increasing wastewater generation and lacks the vigor of present
day planning technology.
ii. Though the city is growing at a rapid pace, the systems of
sanitation and drainage are unable to keep pace with it.
iii. The natural depressions and ponds, which were instrumental in
preventing excess storm run-off, are getting filled up at a rapid
rate due to urbanization. This may further aggravate the existing
problem of water logging.
iv. Due to the lack of proper drainage and wastewater management,
combined with indiscriminate dumping of solid waste, natural
drains are functioning like sewers.
v. A detailed understanding of drainage problems of Cuttack,
including the possibilities of de-silting of rivers, and preparation of
a master drainage plan is much essential.
8.3.5 Proposals
8.3.5.1 Drainage Network Proposed
A comprehensive schematic diagram of both existing and newly
proposed secondary as well as tertiary drains of Main Drain I of CMC is
shown in Fig 8.14. The systematic diagram of Main Drain II and III of
CMC is shown in Fig 8.15, while Main Drains IV, V, and VI are shown in
Fig 8.16.The network of proposed/ existing drains in Barang zone is
shown in Fig 8.17. The systematic diagram of proposed/ existing drains
of Choudwar Municipality is shown in Figs 8.18 and 8.19 respectively.
The list of new drains proposed in DPR, 2006 are given in Table 8.26.
141
Drainage - Proposals
Fig 8.14: Drainage Network of CMC Main Drain No. I

Source: DPR, 2006 (Detailed Project Report on Integrated Sewerage and SWM System for Cuttack City, STC, 2006)
142
BAIMUNDINAGAR
Fig 8.15: Drainage Network of CMC Main Drain No. II and III
143
Fig 8.16: Drainage Network of CMC Main Drain No. IV, V and VI
144
Fig 8.17: Drainage Network of Barang Main Drain I
145
Fig 8.18 Drainage Network of Choudwar Main Drain I
146
Fig 8.19: Drainage Network of Choudwar Main Drain II
147
Table 8.26: List of CMC Main Drain I and II
Sl.
Name of drain
Length in m
Location
No.
(a) Main Drain No. I.
1.
I.L.
1071
Chahata, Police Colony, Bidanasi area connected to main drain no. I.
2.
IVL
1600
Cuttack Medical and Director of Fisheries area connected to main drain

no. I at Chhatra Bazaar by lift and pumping.
3.
1L of VIR.
1748
4.
2L of VIR
5.
XR
1473
From Nuapada area to main drain no. I at Naya Bazaar
6.
XIR
1558
From Sartol area to main drain no. I at Kantilo.
Along side of Link road from Badambadi Bus stand to Railway bridge
discharging to VIR (one on each side of road).
1748
(b) Main Drain No. II

7.
IR
578
From Cuttack Paradeep road to Divine Nagar.
8.
IL
579
From National Highway to Divine Nagar.
9.
IIL
892
From Mahanadi Vihar to Aparna Nagar.
10.
IIIL
795
From R.E.O. Office campus to Naya Bazaar.
11.
1L of IIIL
663
From Binayak Nagar to R.E.O Office campus.
12.
IVL
415
From Potapokhari to Naya Bazaar.
Total
12 nos.
13,120 m
The abstract of drainage network and length of Cuttack are given in

Table 8.27.The two main drains of CMC namely Main Drain I and II along
with the secondary and tertiary networks drain nearly 1900 ha. and 600
ha. of the respective city areas, as shown in Tables 8.28 and 8.29. The
abstract of drainage network of CDPA is given in Table 8.30.
Table 8.27: Abstract of network of Cuttack Main Drain I & II
Sl. No.
Type of drain.
Total No.
Length in m
Main Drain
02
17,247
Secondary Drain.
20
22,383
Tertiary Drain.
12
8,846
Minor Drain.
03
955
Total
37
49,431
Note: This table does not include the length of drains inside the rivers (or flood
plains) beyond the control sluices. Such lengths are 2250m and 3825m respectively
for Main Drain I & II.
Source: DPR, 2006(Detailed Project Report on Integrated Sewerage and SWM
148
Table 8.28: Drainage Area of CMC Main Drain No. I
Sl. No.
Drain No.
Drainage area in Ha.
IL
38.42
Main Drain No. I
180.57
IR
55.36
Main Drain No. I
25.48
II R
14.27
Main Drain No. I
10.90
I I I R.
108.59
Main Drain No. I
36.45
IIL
187.58
10
Main Drain No. I
36.25
11
IVR
154.44
12
Main Drain No. I
25.36
13
IIIL
59.24
14
Main Drain No. I
10.41
15
VR
77.98
16
Main Drain No. I
47.39
17
IVL
98.92
18
Main Drain No. I
30.09
19
VIR
182.53
20
Main Drain No. I
25.45
21
VIIR
25.45
22
Main Drain No. I
02.00
23
VIIIR
75.0
24
Main Drain No. I
34.86
25
IXR
37.84
26
Main Drain No. I
01.00
27
XR
56.26
28
Main Drain No. I
116.15
29
XIR
70.30
30
Main Drain No. I
74.27
Total
1898.84
149
Table 8.29: Drainage Area of CMC Main Drain II

Sl. No.
Drain No.
Drainage area in Ha.
Main No. II
103.00
IR
11.00
IL
12.00
Main No. II
13.00
II L
77.00
Main No. II
20.00
I I I L.
52.00
Main No. II
01.00
IVL
45.00
10
Main No. II
101.00
11
Main No. II
149.00
Total
584.00
Table 8.30: Abstract of proposed drainage network for CDPA
Main
Secondary
Tertiary
Minor
Drain
Drain
Drain
Drain
CMC Main Drain I
16
13
CMC Main Drain II
CMC Main Drain III
CMC Main Drain IV
CMC Main Drain V
CMC Main Drain VI
Barang Main Drain I
Choudwar Main Drain I
14
Choudwar Main Drain II
14
14
Total
78
43
Drain Name
i. Though Cuttack is growing at a rapid pace, the systems of
sanitation and drainage are unable to keep pace with it. The
natural drains seem to be functioning like sewers. The lack of
proper sanitation and solid waste management, combined with
indiscriminate dumping of solid waste in the drains reduces the
carrying capacity of these natural drains. The implementation of a
systematic solid waste and wastewater collection and treatment
system is a necessary prerequisite for proper drainage of the
area.
150
ii. At many locations, the natural drains (e.g. the CMC Main Drain I,
upstream of Srivihar colony) have been encroached upon and are
almost in dilapidated state. Also, at many reaches the drain
sidewalls are found to be damaged. The section of the drain is
also irregular and less adequate at many locations (e.g. as in the
reach from Nayabazar to Matagajpur).
Proper gradient is not
maintained at several stretches on its reach and the hydraulic

parameters are also not uniform. Also, no definite drain section is
maintained in many reaches (e.g. at Main Drain II, near C.R.R.I
campus). So, proper maintenance and management of the
existing natural drains turns important. This necessitates a proper
evaluation of the existing natural drainage system.
iii. The flap shutters of the Matagajpur drainage sluice were reported
in damaged condition and significant flood flow enters through the
sluice during floods. This causes flooding in the upstream of the
drain especially affecting the low lying pockets.Periodic inspection
of these sluice shutters should be ensured, and repaired before
every monsoon.
iv. Over the years the two rivers have progressively silted up due to
which the flood water flows at ever higher levels than the water
levels in these main drains. This cause flood lockage and often
results is back flow of flood water to the town through the
ineffective control sluices. During such times many areas in the
city remain water logged while low lying areas get inundated. A
detailed understanding of this issue, including the possibilities of
de-silting of rivers, should be looked into.
v. The natural depressions and ponds, which were instrumental in
preventing excess storm run-off, are getting filled up at a rapid
rate due to urbanization. This may further aggravate the existing
problem of water logging. It is necessary that natural sinks be
retained as such as, they are instrumental in controlling the water
logging of the area.
vi. An organized drainage system is invariably associated with the
implementation of a systematic solid waste and wastewater
collection and treatment system.
vii. Periodic de-silting of the existing storm water drains should be
done.
viii. Perimeter protection of all the major drains should be checked
before every rainy season.
ix. Overall, the preparation and implementation of a master drainage
plan appears essential for Cuttack.
151
x. All roads of the town/city should have side-drains, which will serve
as minor or tertiary drains.
xi. The drainage facilities provided in CDPA are very poor. A master
plan for the drainage of some of these areas has not yet been
prepared. The implementation of a master drainage plan for these
areas appears very essential. The tentative expenditure for the
proposed drainage system in CDPA is given in Table 8.32. The
alignment and network of major drainage channels of CDPA is
shown in Map 8.5 and Figs 8.14 - 8.19. The natural width of all
the major drainage channels in CDPA should protected and there
should not be any encroachment within at least 5 m on either side
of these major channels. The exact bed width, land width and land
requirements can be calculated after preparation of drainage
master plan of the various zones of Cuttack Development Plan
Area. All the major proposed roads should have side-drains, the
cost of which have already been included in the Transportation
Projects.
Table 8.31: The expected cost estimate of the drainage system in
Bidanasi, Old Cuttack and Sikharpur zones for 2030.
Sl.
No.
Tentative
quantity/costs (Crores)
Improvements of existing major and minor

drains and channels
Reconstruction of channel sections of major

drains
68.00
Total capital cost
106.00
Annual O&M Cost
7.0
38
Table 8.32: Expected cost estimate of the proposed drainage

system in CDPA.
Sl.
No.
152
Zones
Total capital costs for

drainage in (Crores)
Annual O&M Cost

(Crores)
Nirgundi
37.0
1.9
Charbatia
37.0
1.9
Chhatisa
22.0
1.2
Choudwar
23.0
1.2
Nimapur
35.0
1.8
Bidanasi,
Old Cuttack and
Sikharpur
106.0
7.0
Mundali
42.0
2.1
Barang
47.0
2.4
Gopalpur
31.0
1.6
10
Total Rupees in
Crores
380.0
21.1
8.4
8.4.1
Solid Waste Management Scenario of CMC
The Cuttack City does not have an adequate garbage collection and
disposal system. In general there is no systematic collection, segregation
and storage system for the solid waste generated in the city. All the
municipal wastes generated from various sources are generally dumped
either on the streets or into the storm water drains and canals. The
present system of solid waste collection is through dust bins placed in
different places and street sweeping followed by carriage by open trucks
or tractors by the employees of the Cuttack Municipal Corporation to the
open dumping yards for disposal.
8.4.1.1 Solid Waste Generation Rate
The population of Cuttack Development Planning Area as on 2008 is
8,27,000. The average SW generation per person is expected as 500
gram per capita per day(gpcd). Accordingly, the total SW generation in
CDPA is estimated as 413 MT/d in 2008, the total Municipal waste
generation in Cuttack from various sources is about 264 T per day as per
the data reported in DPR, 2006. Waste generation from various sources
has been summarized in Table 8.33.
Table 8.33: Waste generation from various sources
Sl. No.
Sources
Quantity
(Tonnes per day)
i.
Sweeping
15
ii.
Household
97
Iii
Hotels and Restaurants
iii.
Vegetable Market, Fish/meat market
12
iv.
Commercial & Industrial Waste
10
v.
Hospital Waste
1.3
vi.
Construction waste, debris and silt

from drains
120
Total
264 T
Source: DPR, 2006 (DPR for Integrated Sewerage and Solid Waste Management
System for Cuttack City for Abatement of Pollution in Rivers Mahanadi and
Kathajodi, by Shah Technical Consultants Pvt. Ltd.)
8.4.1.2 Existing System of Collection and Storage of Solid Waste in

Cuttack
The sweeping of streets in the morning is entrusted to Safai Karmacharis.
Each worker is assigned a specific area known as a beat, of length of
about 300-500m, depending upon the size of road and density of
population. The sweepings accumulated in small piles are taken up in
153
wheelbarrow (single chambered) or by means of metal/wooden plates

and shifted to the nearest collection point manually. Garbage collection
points are mostly located on wide roads within the city. Garbage is
transported to the disposal ground by tractor and trucks from time to time.
More than 300 wheelbarrows are used by the CMC for this purpose.
Around 900 permanent staff and 150 temporary staff are engaged. The
entire process of the sweeping operation, collection, transportation and
disposal of solid waste is actually being looked into by Jamadars,
supervised by sanitary inspectors,who are in turn monitored by Health
officers. Private contractors are also appointed to provide sweeping and
various drain cleaning services. However house-to-house collection of
waste is still the responsibility of CMC. There are presently around 90collection point and depots in the entire Cuttack City. The wastes brought
from primary collection in wheelbarrows and auto-rickshaw containers
also unload into open heaps at these collection depots. The mode of
transportation is through dumpers, minitrucks, loaders and tractor-trailers
which directly collect the solid waste from garbage points, then have an
out fall into the dumping ground.
In most of the places, where collection points and depots are unavailable
for the household wastes, people generally dump these wastes openly on
the roads. Since the facilities for SW collection are not provided in slum
areas, like the Chhatra Bazar Area, people usually dump the waste into
the nearby Taldanda Canal. It is a common practice that the shopkeepers
throw their wastes on the roads and drains. The wastes from vegetable
and fruit market, fish and meat market and restaurants and hotels are not
collected and transported to disposal sites separately. Being, highly
biodegradable this waste contributes to maximum odour.
Since the segregation of wastes is not being practiced, composting plants
are not in operation and all the wastes, both biodegradable and nonbiodegradable, are being dumped on the dumping ground. Even the
infectious and non-infectious biomedical wastes are not segregated,
stored and treated before disposal. Only few hospitals are seeking the
help of some private agencies to collect and dispose their bio-medical
wastes properly. All the hospitals are dumping these infectious and noninfectious biomedical wastes in the hospital premises itself and burning
them.
8.4.1.3 Disposal of Solid Waste
The Solid Waste ultimately gets dumped into the dumping ground at
Brajabiharipur near Bidanasi development area between the rivers
Mahanadi and Kathajodi. This land has basically been selected maybe
because of its deep natural depressions. It is learned that CMC has
identified a new dumping ground at Chakradharpur, near Mundali of
27.65 Hectares for disposal of SW (Map 8.6).
154
Though two composting plants were set up at Satichoura and Nehru Pally
with capacities of 5T and 1T respectively to treat the biodegradable

wastes from 18 wards of the Municipality, it is not functioning now. So,
simple open dumping is the only management technique practiced. It has
also been observed that some wastes are also being dumped at a high
embankment in the Kathajodi river bed and on Mahanadi river bed (Fig
8.20). Since the city also does not have adequate land for waste
disposal, 90% of the waste gets deposited in the river bed, low lying
Fig 8.20: The open dumping of
Solid Waste near Kathajodi
River in Cuttack
areas and back yards of houses (Fig 8.21), with only a very low
percentage taken to the land fill sites.
8.4.1.4 The existing scenario of solid waste management in CDPA
The major contributors of SW in the planning area include domestic,
institutional, commercial, hotels and restaurants, temples, marriage halls,
street sweeping, construction and demolition, industrial, and biomedical
wastes. Almost all or substantial part of the MSW generated remains
unattended and grows in heaps at poorly maintained collection centers
and dumping yards. The choice of a disposal site also is more a matter of
Fig 8.21: A common scene of

People dumping their solid
waste in backyard of their
houses
what is available than what is suitable. There are waste bins to collect,
mainly, the household wastes, but the system is not efficient. The bins
are, however, only randomly provided in most of the CDPA. Further,
these waste bins are inadequate in size and are open, thus providing
easy access for birds and other animals. Some of these bins are often
misplaced, forcing the residents to throw away garbage in open areas of
the probable bin sites. Even when the bins are available, wastes are
sometimes thrown outside the bins anyway and since the wastes are
always thrown loose, the problems become unmanageable very quickly.
Not only in the residential areas, loose wastes from large market places
and grocery centers are thrown on the ground around the roadside waste
bins. Stinky rubbish lies around the waste bins in the residential areas
and market centers for a long time before being collected by the waste
collectors. The collectors have to clean up the areas messed up by loose
waste and shovel the loose waste into baskets, and then onto trucks.
Thus dumping of loose wastes into waste bins and roads create major
waste management problems in most of the areas of CDPA, especially
near busy urban centers. Before getting collected by trucks, the wastes
swept from the roads are piled on the side of the roads. Animals and
scavengers dig into the piles made up of swept up wastes and scatter it.
Moving vehicles scatter overflowing garbage from the piles. The
uncollected wastes usually contain a significant portion of fecal matter,
and as a result, children playing around these wastes and scavengers
who handle these wastes, face high risks of health problems. These
problems are especially significant for the inhabitants of the larger and
most densely populated informal or illegal settlements where regular
155
SWM Proposal
garbage collection service and waste bins are not available. In case of
delay in waste collection, the task becomes unimaginably massive.
Uncontrolled dumps generate a wide range of pollutants and pose
serious threats to human health. Substances produced during garbage
decomposition, when disposed of in an improper manner, results in
signicant soil contamination. This is one of the most frequent
externalities of inappropriate garbage disposal. As garbage decomposes,
leachate is produced and drains into the ground. It contains large number
of chemicals produced in waste degradation, and can subsequently affect
the groundwater which, in turn, may pollute the entire subsoil of the
region. With the exception of sanitary landfills, every other site is a risk to
human health and a source of environmental pollution.
8.4.2
Proposals
8.4.2.1 Solid waste management system (SWM) - the need of the

future
An integrated solid waste management system has become a primary
necessity for assuring the quality of human life in any habitat. The
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is an essential by-product of everyday
living. The volume of MSW produced annually, is increasing rapidly in all
urban centers as a result of global urbanization, rapid industrialization
and economic development. The management of MSW has earned
increasing attention as a major hindrance to urbanization and economic
development all over the world. In view of the institutional inability in
managing the ever-increasing amount of solid waste, it has become
necessary to formulate and implement a comprehensive SWM strategy to
assure a sustainable solid waste management system. MSW treatment is
a combined responsibility of the citizen, the local government and the
industrial or business sector. The principal strategy to manage MSW is to
recycle as much as possible to reduce its quantity. However, even if
effort is made to minimize the amount of waste, a large proportion still
requires treatment in view of the activities of modern society.
It has been felt that the solid waste management in CDPA is not in tune
with the rapid development of the area. The management of solid waste
continues to remain one of the most neglected areas of urban
development in the CDPA. Appraising the efficacy of the solid
management project requires an assessment of the effectiveness of
collection and disposal services in all wards of the area. The degree of
effectiveness can be examined through a subjective assessment of
spatial coverage and efficiency of collection and transfer services.
Likewise, the proportion of waste collected could also be considered as
an indicator of the performance of the management system. It appears
that more than 50% of the solid waste generated in the entire area
remains unattended. This gives rise to unsanitary conditions especially in
156
SWM Proposal
the densely populated areas of Old Cuttack, which in turn may have
serious health and environmental consequences. Despite the fact that
management of SW comprises a whole range of activities involving the
public sector, small-scale private enterprises and service users and,
given the size, complexity, and budget share, it is surprising that
dedicated SWM departments have still not started functioning in CDPA.
8.4.2.2 Assessment of SW generation
The expected SW generation in different areas of CDPA are illustrated in
Tables 8.34 and 8.35 and are compared in Figs 8.22 and 8.23. The
average rate of SW generation for CDPA is taken as 500 gm/capita/d.
This enormous increase in solid waste generation will have significant
impacts in terms of the land requirement for disposal, impending ground
water pollution, methane emissions to atmosphere due to open burning
(contributing significantly to global warming) and the health impacts on
people. If land filling is adopted, the total land area requirement will be
enormously high to fulfill the requirements of solid waste dumping. The
increase in solid waste generation demands cumulative requirement of
land for disposal of MSW. But, very high diversion of land for waste
disposal would be physically impossible since areas with largest
concentration of solid waste would also be the areas with serious scarcity
of vacant land. Thus, if the current methods of solid waste disposal
persist, the waste would have to be carried over long distance
necessitating great deal of transport facilities and infrastructure. This
would involve enormous additional finances and liabilities to these
Municipalities in future. So, the situation demands a number of
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2008
Gopalpur
Barang
Mundali
Sikharpur
Old
Cuttack
Bidanasi
Nimapur
Choudwar
Chhatisa
Charbatia
2030
Nirgundi
Solid Waste generation in MT/day
decentralized treatment units to handle the solid wastes of future.
Zones
Fig 8.22: Solid Waste generation in various zones of

planning area in 2008 and 2030.
157
Solid Waste generation in MT/day
SWM Proposal
600
500
2008
400
2030
300
200
100
0
CMC
Choudwar
CDPA rural
Fig 8.23: Solid Waste generation in various administrative

areas of Cuttack Development Plan Area in 2008 and 2030.
Table 8.34: Expected Solid Waste Generation in various zones in 2008 and 2030 for CDPA
Zones
Sl.
No.
Zone
Number
Population
in 2008
Population
in 2030
Solid Waste
in 2008
(MT/d)
Solid waste in 2030

(MT/d)
Nirgundi
25000
85000
12.5
42.5
Charbatia
45000
80000
22.5
40
Chhatisa
6000
12000
Choudwar
34000
56000
17
28
Nimapur
40000
115000
20
57.5
Bidanasi
110000
250000
55
125
Old Cuttack
317000
350000
158.5
175
Sikharpur
138000
220000
69
110
Mundali
22000
42000
11
21
10
Barang
10
40000
110000
20
55
11
Gopalpur
11
50000
180000
25
90
827000
1500000
413.5
750
12
Total CDPA
Table 8.35: Expected Solid Waste Generation in CMC,

Choudwar Municipality and CDPA Rural
Population
in 2008
Population
in 2030
Solid Waste
in 2008
(MT/d)
Solid Waste
in 2030
(MT/d)
CMC
655000
1115000
327.5
557.5
Choudwar
Municipality
70000
125000
35
62.5
CDPA Rural
102000
260000
51
130
Total
827000
1500000
413.5
750
Area
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SWM Proposal
8.4.2.3 Action Plan for a Sustainable SWM Programme

1. Need for a decentralized solid waste treatment system
The developmental pattern of all the areas, especially Cuttack, demands
the implementation of an integrated solid waste treatment system. It is
felt that only a decentralized MSWM system could help solve the
seemingly intricate problem of solid waste treatment in this area in an
economically viable, socially desirable and environmentally sound
manner.
2. People participation
General environmental awareness and information on health risks due to
improper solid waste management are important factors which need to
be continuously communicated to all sectors of the population. Building
awareness among public and community about the need for a better solid
waste management system is as essential as management. Public
awareness and attitudes to waste can affect the people's willingness to
cooperate and participate in adequate waste management practices. If
people keep on throwing waste on the streets indiscriminately, the local
body alone cannot keep the city clean in spite of their best efforts .Thus,
it is very important to make people understand that the treatment and
management of solid waste is a collective responsibility of the local
authority and the community. Municipalities or local governments through
participatory programs should convey this message to the people.
3. Enhancement of collection facilities
i. Old masonry type dustbins are to be replaced with different types
of covered dustbins made out of cast iron, which reduces the time
of pickup and improves the process of primary collection of
wastes.
ii. The sweepers of Municipalities may be provided with handcarts
and detachable containers and be allotted a fixed area or number
of houses for door to door collection. They should also be
provided with safety gears and proper uniforms.
iii. It
can
be
made
compulsory
for
the
management
of
societies/complexes to keep covered bins in which waste is to be

stored at acceptable locations, to be picked up by the municipal
staff.
iv. The local body may collect waste from community bins by using
container handcarts or tricycles whichever may be convenient, for
transferring the wastes to the waste storage sites by employing
municipality sweepers.
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SWM Proposal
v. The collection service can be provided on a full-cost recovery

basis using contractor services on a day-to-day basis from
individual houses.
vi. The collection service can be provided on a full-cost recovery
basis using contractor services on a day-to-day basis from
individual shops also. The service of rag pickers and part-time
sweepers can also be used in agreement with the shop owners.
vii. Sweeping of all public roads, streets, lanes, by-lanes where there
is habitation or commercial activities on either side of the street
should be done daily. A list of such streets and roads together
with their length and width should be prepared. The local body,
keeping in view the norms of work prescribed should work out a
program for their daily cleaning. However, roads and streets
where there is no habitation around and do not require daily
cleaning may be put in a separate group.
4. Provision of storage facilities
One of the immediate measures to revamp the existing collection
services structure would involve provision of covered community waste
bins at proper distances for the people to deposit domestic waste. This is
the first step that will ensure that people do not throw their garbage on
the roads and hence do not create open dump sites. This will enable the
sanitation workers to transfer waste to the transportation vehicle quickly
and efficiently with minimum health risk which will also help to maintain
the aesthetics of the surroundings.
The Municipal solid waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2000 of the
Government of India have prescribed the compliance criteria for waste
storage depots as under:
i. Storage facilities shall be created and established by taking into
account quantities of waste generation in a given area and the
population densities. A storage facility shall be so placed that it is
accessible to users.
ii. Storage facilities to be set up by municipal authorities or any other
agencies shall be so designed that waste stored are not exposed
to open atmosphere and shall be aesthetically acceptable and
user-friendly.
iii. Storage facilities or bins shall have easy to operate design for
handling, transfer and transportation of waste. Bins for storage of
biodegradable waste shall be painted green, those of recyclable
waste shall be painted white and those of other wastes shall be
painted black.
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SWM Proposal
iv. Manual handling of waste shall be prohibited. If unavoidable due

to constraints, manual handling shall be carried out under proper
precaution with due care for safety of workers. So, the storage
and handling of SW are extremely important, and hence the steps
to be taken by the Municipal authorities for storage of solid wastes
are listed in Table 8.36.
Table 8.36: Proposed steps to be taken by the Municipalities for

storage of solid wastes
Sl.
No
Sources of waste generation
Proposed Action /methodology

1. Not to throw any waste in neighborhoods, on streets, open space, and vacant
lands, in drains or water bodies.
2. Keep food waste / biodegradable waste in a non corrosive bin type D1
3. Keep dry/ recyclable waste in bin type D2
4. Keep hazardous waste separately.
Households
Multistoried
buildings, commercial
complexes,
private societies
etc
1 to 4 as above.
5. Provide separate bin type B large enough to hold wastes generated both
biodegradable and recyclable.
6. Direct member of the association / society to deposits waste in bins provided.
Sanitary inspectors should vigil the area and fine should be imposed for not
following the actions.
Slums
1 to 4 as above.
5. Use bin type C
Shops, offices,
Institutions etc
1 to 4 as above.
5. Store the waste in bin type - D1, D2.
Hotels and restaurants
1 to 4 as above
They should arrange their own bins and dispose waste in near by municipal bins.
Keep small baskets with them and transfer waste to large bin type-A.
Vegetable, fruit markets, meat,

fish markets, and street vendors.
Shop keepers not to dispose of the waste in front of their waste or shops or open
space.
Deposit waste as and when generated into bin type-A.
Fines should be imposed for not following the actions
Marriage halls,
Community halls, kalyan
mondaps etc.
1 to 4 as above.
5. Provide a large bin type -B
Garden waste
1. Compost the waste in garden itself, if possible.

2. Store wastes in large bags or bins and transfers it to community bins.
Note: Bin type A (volume 7 m3), type B (0.75 m3), type C (0.5 m3), type D1 and type D2 (12 liters).
3. Segregation of Solid Waste

The percentage composition of the solid waste in the CDPA are shown in
Fig 8.24. The constituents of the solid waste are quantified as shown in
Table 8.37. These compositional characteristics of the solid waste
underline the need for proper segregation before treatment. Proper
segregation of waste into different components and their separate
collection can definitely lead to remarkable changes in the entire system.
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SWM Proposal
Bio medical
2%
Bio
degradable
45%
Non Bio
degradable
53%
Bio degradable
Non Bio degradable
Bio medical
Fig 8.24: The percentage composition of MSW in the CMC
Table 8.37: Waste composition analysis of Cuttack
Sl
No.
Type of MSW
and source
% of
total
Road Sweeping
5.68
(a) Tree leaves

Road sweeping
(b) dust, light
rubbish
Household
2
MSW
Bio
Quantity
degradable
of MSW
%
Bio
degradable
M.T
Non Bio
degradable
percentage
Non Bio
Bio
Bio medical
Metric tones medical %
M.T
3.83
10 MT
3.83%
10 MT
1.92
3 MT
Dust etc.
5 MT
5MT
37
97MT
32%
86 MT
4%
10 MT
1%
1 MT
Hotels &
Restaurants
3.04
8 MT
2%
5 MT
0.90%
2.4 MT
0.14%
0.6 MT
Vegetable
market/fish
4.59
12MT
3.44%
9.36 MT
1%
2.6MT
0.15%
0.04MT
Commercial &
Industrial waste
3.83
10MT
1%
2.5 MT
2.50%
6.5MT
0.30%
1MT
Hospital waste
0.004
1MT
0.10%
0.25MT
0.10%
0.25MT
0.30%
0.50MT
Construction waste
drain
(a) Debris
(b) Silt from drain
(c)
Total
Cow dung
+ silt from
23
55 MT
23%
55MT
19.39
53 MT
19.39%
53MT
6 MT
3%
100
261MT
45.18%
118.86MT
53.89%
134.75MT
1.89%
3.84MT
Source: DPR, 2006 (DPR for Integrated Sewerage and Solid Waste Management System for Cuttack City for Abatement
of Pollution in Rivers Mahanadi and Kathajodi, by Shah Technical Consultants Pvt. Ltd.)
The segregation of the waste would be a long drawn exercise as it

involves attitudinal changes in people and will have to be done with
careful planning, in a phased manner. The general public is to be first
sensitized towards the whole concept and educated about the need and
advantages of doing the segregation. Segregation of waste at the source
itself is extremely important as municipal solid waste, which is otherwise
environmentally benign on getting mixed with hazardous waste like
paints, dyes, batteries, human excreta turns hazardous. The recyclables
like paper and plastic etc. become unsuitable for recycling as these get
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SWM Proposal
soiled by the organic matter. Although, it would be more fruitful to sort

and place different kinds of recyclables in separate receptacles, the
waste could be segregated into at least two categories of biodegradable
and non-biodegradable initially.
The recyclables obtained through segregation could be straightway
transported to recycling units which in turn would pay certain amount to
the corporations, thereby adding to their income. This would help in
formalizing the existing informal set up of recycling units, and this
formalization in turn could lead to multi-advantages. The biodegradable
matter could be disposed off either by aerobic composting, anaerobic
digestion or sanitary land filling. Depending upon land availability and
financial resources, either of these disposal methods could be adopted.
Though simple land filling is the traditionally practiced system of solid
waste management in the planning area, aerobic composting by windrow method will be an appropriate option.
All the non-biodegradable waste which is non-recyclabale, non-reusable
shall be dumped into sanitary land fill.
Bio-degrdable waste shall be
subjected to composting. Area required for composting shall include the

area for storage of unprocessed material, processing facilities for
composting operation and storage for green compost. The area required
for windrow composting with 15 days composting period with moisture
content between 55-60% for aerobic composting, the first turning shall be
done at the 4th day and thereafter every third day shall be 1.5 acres to 2
acres per 50 MT per day waste.
4. Reuse and recycling
The concepts of reuse and recycling can well be applied in solid waste
management as solid waste is basically a heterogeneous mixture. In
typical Indian municipal solid wastes,
there is a small percentage of
recyclable material and more of compostables and inert materials like

ash and road dust. There is a very large informal sector of rag pickers,
who can collect recyclable wastes (paper, plastic, metal, glass, rubber,
etc) from the streets, bins and disposal sites for their livelihood. Thus, the
rag pickers can be effectively used for the collection of reusable materials
especially because the use of non recyclable packaging materials like
PET bottles for soft drinks, mineral wastes, and soft -foam products and
metalised plastic film coated food packing materials are on the rise.
During recycling, many of these release toxic gases and ozone depleting
products. So it is advisable to educate people to replace these items with
eco-friendly
packaging
materials.
The
desirable
home
sorting
mechanisms includes dry recyclable materials (e.g. glass, paper, plastic,

cans etc.), kitchen and garden wastes, bulky wastes, hazardous wastes,
construction and demolition wastes. Sorting can also be done just prior to
waste processing or land filling.
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SWM Proposal
5. Energy from solid waste

Electricity can be produced by burning MSW as a fuel. MSW power
plants, also called waste-to-energy (WTE) plants, are designed to
dispose of MSW and to produce electricity as a byproduct of the
incinerator operation. Mass Burn is the most common waste-to-energy
technology, in which MSW is combusted directly in much the same way
as fossil fuels are used in other direct combustion technologies. Burning
MSW converts water to steam to drive a turbine connected to an
electricity generator. Burning MSW can generate energy while reducing
the volume of waste by up to 90 percent, an environmental benefit.
However, this burning MSW in WTE plants produces comparatively high
carbon dioxide emissions, a contributor to global climate change. The net
climate change impact of these emissions is lessened because a major
component of trash is wood, paper and food wastes that would
decompose if not burned. If left to decompose in a solid waste landfill, the
material produces methane, a potent greenhouse gas. The concept of
producing energy from MSW derives significance as it is given high
priority by the Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (MNES),
Government of India.
8. Instructions for public
i. The citizens must be directed not to throw away the solid waste in
their neighborhood or in open spaces.
ii. The citizens must be directed to keep the waste as and when
generated in covered domestic waste containers.
iii. All private sectors, association of flats, lodges, multistoried
buildings etc. must be directed to provide a community bin facility
for storing solid wastes and to facilitate its collection by the local
body.
iv. All shops/offices/institutions are to be directed to refrain from
throwing their solid waste on footpaths, streets and open spaces.
They should be encouraged to keep the wastes in containers of
appropriate capacities for easy handling.
v. The footpath dwellers, people engaged in serving eatables on the
road side must be directed to keep bins for their wastes.
vi. The marriage halls, religious places and all such places which are
frequently used for serving food must keep containers for the
disposal of SW through private sweepers.
vii. The vegetable and fruit markets produce large volumes of solid
waste. The local body should provide adequate size bins for
storage.
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SWM Proposal
viii. The disposal of construction wastes/ debris on the streets/open

spaces should not be permitted without prior approval of the
concerned authority. The authority must prescribe the rate per
metric Tonne for the collection, transportation and disposal of
such wastes.
6. Treatment options
The biodegradable portion of the waste is considerably high as shown in
Table 8.35. So, aerobic composting of SW after proper segregation will
be more appropriate. In selected locations especially in rural areas,
Vermi-Composting can also be recommended. The manure obtained by
these methods can be sold to the local public as fertilizer. Though costly,
sanitary land filling can also be practised at selected urban locations
where the recovery from the waste will be very high, serving minimum
ecological damage. It appears that the aerobic composting by Windrow
method may be a desirable option for the management of the solid
waste. The possibilities of generating energy from SW could be looked
into on an experimental basis.
7. Biomedical wastes and its management
Biomedical waste has been a growing concern because of the
awareness in public regarding HIV, AIDS and Hepatitis B and exposure
to discarded needles, syringes and other medical waste from municipal
garbage bins and disposal sites. The management of biomedical waste
turns important as it has serious bearing on the quality of human life. This
becomes more significant especially in the context of the recent trend of
establishing multi-specialty hospitals in urban centers. Biomedical waste
can be regarded as any waste generated during the diagnosis, treatment
or immunization of human beings or animals or produced due to activities
of biological research, human anatomical waste, animal waste,
microbiology and biotechnology waste,
waste
sharps, discarded
medicines and cytotoxic drugs, solid wastes, liquid waste, incineration

ash, chemical waste, etc. Medical wastes contain pathological waste
(such as human tissues such as limbs, organs, foetuses, blood and other
body fluids), infectious waste (soiled surgical dressing, swab material in
contact with persons or animals suffering from infectious diseases, waste
from isolation wards, cultures or stocks of infectious agents from
laboratory, dialysis equipment, apparatus and disposable gowns, aprons,
gloves, towels, etc.), sharps (any item that can cut or puncture such as
needles,
scalpels,
blades,
saws,
nails,
broken
glass,
etc.),
pharmaceutical waste (drugs, vaccines, cytotoxic drugs and chemicals

returned from wards, outdated drugs, etc.), chemical waste (any
discarded solid, liquid or gaseous chemicals from laboratories, cleaning
and disinfection) etc.
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SWM Proposal
If a small part of these infectious hospital wastes are mixed with other
hospital wastes or municipal solid wastes, the entire waste will have to be
treated as infectious. Segregation helps in reducing the total treatment
cost, stops general waste from becoming infectious, reduces the chances
of infecting the Health Care Workers, etc. All these wastes after
segregation must be stored in colour coded containers. Infectious waste
should be disinfected before disposal. It has been observed that majority
of the hospitals, nursing homes, pathology laboratories and health care
centres located in these areas are not taking adequate measures for safe
disposal of their bio-medical wastes. These hospitals generate waste in
substantial quantities, which needs to be managed by the hospitals
themselves. Many large hospitals dispose of their mixed wastes within
the hospital premises, where waste remains unattended in the open for a
long time.
Some hospitals and nursing homes have set up low-
temperature incineration plants for the disposal of wastes, which quite

often remain out of order as they are not managed and maintained
properly.
Infectious and non-infectious wastes are generally not
segregated at source and instead the mixed (often wet) waste is taken to
the incineration plant in a very unhygienic manner.
The system of
collection, transportation and disposal of bio-medical waste is thus not

scientifically designed and practiced in these areas.
8. Implementation
of
Bio-medical
Wastes
(Management
and
Handling) Rules, 1998

The Ministry of Environment and Forests issued the Bio-medical Wastes
(Management and Handling) Rules, 1998 which were amended
subsequently.
These rules provide for segregation, packaging,
transportation, storage, treatment and disposal of wastes generated by

hospitals, clinics and laboratories. Bio-medical wastes (BMW) have been
classified into various categories (Table 8.38) and the treatment and
disposal options for each of the categories are specified (Table 8.39).
The treatment and disposal should be in compliance with the standards
prescribed in Schedule V, which stipulates standards for incinerators
(operating and emission standards), for waste autoclaving, for liquid
waste, of microwaving and for deep burial. A schedule for implementation
of BMW rules has been laid down in Schedule VI. Imposing segregated
practices within hospitals to separate biological and chemical hazardous
wastes that will result in a clean solid waste stream, which can be
recycled easily. An Advisory Committee is to advise the prescribed
authority
on
the
implementation
of
these
Bio-medical
wastes
(Management and Handling) Rules.
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SWM Proposal
Table 8.38: Categories of Bio-Medical wastes
Waste
Category
Waste Class
Waste Description
Human Anatomical
Wastes, blood and
body fluids
Waste consisting of human tissues, organs, body parts, body fluids, blood
and blood products and items saturated or dripping with blood, body fluids
contaminated with blood and body fluids relieved during/after treatment,
surgery or autopsy or other medical procedures.
No. 2
Animal Waste
Waste consisting of animal tissues, organs, body parts, carcasses, bleeding,

fluid blood and blood products, items contaminated with blood and fluids,
wastes from surgery treatment, and autopsy and wastes of experimental
animals used in research, Waste generated by veterinary hospitals, colleges,
animal houses and livestock farms.
No. 3
Microbiology
Wastes from laboratory cultures, stocks or specimens of micro-organisms,

live or attenuated vaccines, human and animal cell culture used in research
and infectious agents from research and industrial laboratories, wastes and
production of biologicals, dishes and devices used for transfer of cultures
No. 4
Waste Sharps
Wastes consisting of sharps such as needles, syringes, scalpels, blades,

glasses etc. those are capable of causing puncture and cuts. This includes
both used and unused sharps.
No. 5
Highly infectious
wastes
Waste containing highly infectious living and nonliving pathogens and

exposure to it could cause disease.
No. 6
Isolated waste
Biological wastes from discarded materials contaminated with blood,

excretion exudates or secretions from human and animals isolated due to
communicable diseases,
No.7
Discarded Medicines
Wastes comprising of outdated, contaminated and discarded medicines,
No.8
Discarded Glass
wares
Wastes generated from glass-ware and equipments used.
No.9
Soiled Waste
Wastes generated from soiled cotton, dressings, liners, beddings including

the packaging materials.
No.10
Disposables
Wastes generated from disposable items other than the waste sharps.
No.11
Liquid wastes
Wastes generated from laboratory and washing, cleaning, house-keeping

and disinfecting activities.
No.12
Biotechnology
Wastes generated from activities involving genetically engineered organisms

or products and their cultures not declared to be safe.
No.13
Slaughter House
Wastes generated in the form of animal tissues, blood and body fluids.
No.14
Incineration wastes
Ash from incineration of any Bio-medical wastes.
No. l
Source: Report of the high power committee, Urban Solid waste Management in India, Planning Commission, Government of
India, 1995.
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SWM Proposal
Table 8.39: Treatment and Disposal options of Bio-Medical Wastes
Waste Class
Treatment and Disposal Options
Human Anatomical Waste
Disinfection and incineration/Burial
Animal Wastes
Disinfection and burial
Micro-biology
Disposal in special container
Human blood and Body

fluids
Dilution with disinfectant Disposal in special

drains
Waste sharps
Disposal in special containers and landfill
Highly infectious wastes
Special decontamination, packing in specially

designed containers and final disposal on
secured landfill.
Isolated wastes
Secured landfill disposal after suitable

treatment.
Discarded medicines
Incineration
Discarded glassware
Decontamination, destruction
Soiled-waste
If infectious, to be disposed of as infectious

waste, if no infectious to be disinfected and
disposed.
Disposables
Packaging in appropriate containers and

incineration, disposal on secured Landfill.
Liquid Wastes
Disinfection and discharge in special drains.
Bio-technology waste
Packaging in special containers and disposal

on land.
Slaughter house waste.
Disinfection and disposal on land for solid and

treatment and discharge for liquid.
Source: The Gazette of India (extraordinary) no. 233 dated 25th April, 1995, New Delhi
8.4.2.4
Processing and Disposal of Solid Waste
The solid waste can be processed by composting, vermi-composting,

anaerobic digestion, sanitary land filling, incineration or any other
biological processing for stabilization of wastes. Since it contains a high
amount of biodegradable portion (Table 8.37), composting may be a
cost-effective option for processing. The process of microbial composting
or vermi-composting may be adopted with least mechanization to keep
the cost low, and to market the compost as fertilizers to adjoining
villages. So the concerned municipalities are duty bound to earmark
minimum 20-50 acres of land to meet the requirement of solid waste
treatment. The areas of existing dumping yards can also be developed.
The rejects from these plants and domestic hazardous wastes may be
carefully land-filled. The bio-medical wastes may be disposed off as per
the Bio-Medical Waste Management and Handling Rules as described
above.
A decentralized treatment system will be more feasible option for solid
waste treatment. In recent times, there is a trend towards smaller,
manually operated composting plants at community level, initiated
primarily by citizens initiatives or non-governmental organizations
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SWM Proposal
(NGOs) supported by many national and international nodal funding

agencies. In combination with primary waste collection, composting
improves the precarious waste situation in the communities, and
residents become less dependent on the poor municipal waste collection
service. Decentralized composting can be operated by an appropriate
technology and implemented at reduced investment and operating costs.
Manual composting in small, decentralized plants is more easily
integrated in the prevailing level of development in India and the socioeconomic background, as it requires labour-intensive processes. It will
create employment opportunities and a source of income to the
underprivileged people in the rural CDPA. Decentralized composting
allows reuse of organic waste where it is generated, thereby reducing
waste quantities to be transported as well as transport costs. This may
drastically reduce the overall cost of municipal solid waste treatment.
8.4.2.5 Proposals for solid waste treatment
Since the solid waste generation expected in CDPA in 2030 is very high,
providing compost treatment facilities for this huge quantum of wastes,
though essential, may not be practically possible in a single phase. So, it
is necessary to propose economically feasible, and, technically viable
solutions which can be implemented in a phased manner. The densely
populated urban areas of CDPA are to be given first priority in providing
the composting facilities for solid waste treatment.The area required for
solid waste treatment and disposal facilities are given in Table 8.40.
Table 8.40: Details of the proposed disposal sites and area
requirement for solid waste disposal in CDPA
Sl. No.
Zones
Land fill area

required (Acres)
Nirgundi
4.7
Charbatia
5.4
Land fill
Site (LS)
Mangalpur in
Charbatia
Zone
(21.5
acres+20%)
Composting
Plant (Acres)
Composting
Plant Site (CS)
Total Area
Requirement
(LS+CS)
Agarjodi
Mangalpur
27.8
Chashapara
Chhatisa
0.8
Choudwar
3.9
Nimapur
6.7
Gunjarpur
Bidanasi
15.5
3.5
Deulasahi South
3.5
Old Cuttack
28.7
3.5
Poparada
3.5
0.5
Chakradharpur
94.82
Belagachhia
Pratapnagari
Sikharpur
15.4
Mundali
2.7
10
Barang
6.4
Chakradharpur
In Mundali
Zone
(78.6 acres +
20%)
3
11
Gopalpur
9.9
Total CDPA
139.62
LS Land fill Site CS Composting Plant Site
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SWM Proposal
1. Cuttack
The biodegradable solid waste production in Cuttack would be around
164 MT/d in 2030. The anticipated cost of a compost plant to process this
quantum of waste would be around 1500 lakhs. For other infrastructure,
including the land site developments the requirement would be around
1000 lakhs. So, for treating the total 164 MT/d of solid waste, the total
expenditure would be around 2500 lakhs (Table 8.41).
Since the city also does not have adequate land for waste disposal, it is
now disposing 90% of the waste onto the river bed and low lying areas
and backyards of houses. Though two composting plants were set up at
Satichoura and Nehru Pally with capacities of 5T and 1T respectively to
treat the biodegradable wastes from of 18 wards of the Municipality, they
are not functioning now. However, the dumping yard at Satichoura
(SWTP1) may be retained and another new dumping ground at
Matagajpur could be developed to treat 80 MT/d of solid waste each.
2. CDP Areas
The total solid waste generation expected in CDPA would be 750 MT/day
as on 2030.The tentative cost estimate for the proposed solid waste
treatment facilities in CDPA is given in Table 8.42. It is always advisable
to have decentralized compost plants for effective implementation and
better efficiency and can be located as per local generation rates and
availability of land. It is advisable to provide controlled Composting plants
(microbial composting or vermi-composting) at the following zones (Map
8.6):
1. Nirgundi (Agarjodi)
2. Nimapur (Gunjarpur)
3. Choudwar (Chashapar)
4. Bidanasi (Deulasahi)
5. Sikharpur (Poparada)
6. Gopalpur (Pratapnagari)
7. Barang (Belagachhia)
It is appropriate to provide atleast 2 disposal sites in the following zones:
1. Charbatia (Mangalpur)
2. Mundali (Chakradharpur)
The locations of these treatment plants and disposal sites are shown in
Map 8.6. The compost from these compost plants can be marketed for
agriculture in the adjoining villages.The solid waste amount can be
reduced to 50% and amount of land required for sanitary land fill will also
reduce drastically, if the segregation of
biodegradable and non-
biodegradable is done at source. The bio-degradable waste can be

treating using composting method.
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SWM Proposal
Table 8.41: The tentative costs of the proposed solid waste

management and treatment system for Cuttack (Bidanasi, Old
Cuttack and Sikharpur)
Sl.No
Description of items
Costs (crores)
Collection segregation, and storage
15.0
Transportation
5.00
Augmentation of 2 existing compost plants (SWTP1

and SWTP2)
25.0
*Total capital cost
45.00
Annual O&M costs
7.0
* Excluding land cost
Nimapur
Choudwar
Gopalpur
Chhatisa
Charbatia
Mundali
Barang
CDPA Total Cost

(Crores)
45
8.0
11.0
5.5
17.5
1.5
8.0
4.0
11.0
111.5
O&M
costs
7.0
1.3
1.8
1.0
2.7
0.25
1.3
0.6
1.8
17.75
Bidanasi, Old
Cuttack and
Sikharpur
Total
capital
costs
Item
Nirgundi

SWM and treatment systems in 2030 for CDPA
3. Hazardous/bio-medical waste treatment

(i) The Notification from the Government of India, Ministry of Environment
dated 20th July 1998, which deals with the collection of Bio-Medical
Wastes entrusts the liability of its disposal with the waste producer itself.
Thus the management of bio-medical waste is not the responsibility of
Municipalities. But, however, they can assist in the management of
biomedical wastes on a full cost recovery basis without sharing any legal
responsibilities.
(ii) It is advisable to have some hazardous/bio-medical facility for the
entire CDPA. The bio-medical wastes collected from spots can be stored
in selective transfer stations and can be transported to this central
treatment facility at Mangalpur revenue village(in Charbatia zone) as
shown in Map 8.6. If so desired, the authorities can formulate an action
plan for implementing this plant through some competent agencies and
can suitably charge for the treatment and disposal of bio-medical wastes.
The solid waste dumping sites closest to industrial sites will be a more
appropriate option.
171
SWM Proposal
4. Financial Management Plan

Any proposed solid waste management system will require provision of
financial resources for its smooth running. The financial requirements
vary substantially from year to year. However, since revenue instrument
cannot be made to adjust annual requirements, it is proposed to raise the
financial sources through:
i. Introduction of SWM benefit tax/cess.
ii. Loans especially for capital investments from appropriate
agencies.
iii. Effort should be made for encouraging private capital through
Built-Operate-Own (BOO), Built-Operate-Transfer (BOT), BuiltOperate-Lease-Transfer (BOLT) and other arrangements.
172
Introduction
9.1
Introduction
Social and community infrastructure and services are provided in

response to the needs of communities. Provision of their amenities or
infrastructure depends on the regional bearing, size and hierarchy of the
settlement. Major social policy concerns of the Government include the
provision of infrastructure services, fostering Government and community
partnerships, community capacity building, integrated service delivery
and social justice. The cost of delivering social benefits is very high and
constitutes a major proportion of the State budget. The concept of social
infrastructure is very broad and covers various aspects of Government
service delivery.
This is also a sector where involvement of the private sector has been
limited. To ensure substantial progress in the Governments efforts in
promoting equality for all, the Government needs to focus on the
following aspects:
1. Providing basic human needs (including primary health care,
basic education, power and telecommunication).
2. Improved delivery of infrastructure services with emphasis on the
poor and building their capacity for sustenance.
3. Safe-guarding human rights and providing good governance.
4. Seeking private sector participation in development of areas like
tertiary education.
5. Building a clean and healthy environment.
Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA), being an important delineated
region in Orissa state has 8.27 lakhs (2008) population who need
education, health care, and cannot be neglected by a civilized
government. CMC, CDPA Rural and Choudwar Municipality are not
directly involved in the planning of education or making of programmes
for health institutions. The Govt. of Orissa has its own department of
education and health, which prepare and execute plans for these
services for the entire State including areas covered by CDPA. However,
there is one particular aspect of social infrastructure planning in which
involvement of all the agencies are essential and unavoidable. That
aspect is the aspect of space, i.e. the area allocation for education,
healthcare, recreation and other such social infrastructural facilities. In
CDPA, datas and studies indicate that social infrastructure has scope of
improvement, both quantitatively and qualitatively.
9.2
Education
One of the principal components of social infrastructure is education and

directly affects the level of living and the quality of life of its people.
173
Education
Further, education is an important indicator of social development, since

higher level of growth is generally believed to be driven by innovation,
which is in turn driven primarily by the level of education.
9.2.1
Existing Educational Facilities in CDPA:
The Old Cuttack (Planning Zone 07) can be called the Institutional zone
of the CDPA region with the maximum concentration of educational
institutions as shown in Map 9.1. Some of the institutions present are
Ravenshaw
University,
Madhusudan
Law
College,
Institute
of
Management & Information Technologies, SCB Public Medical School,

Old Kendriya Vidyalaya School, Cambridge School, St. Joseph's Girls
High School, Sailabala Women's College, YMCA Building, Christ College,
S.E Rly M.P School, Biju Pattnaik Film and TV Institute, BOSE
Engineering Institute etc. Also, there are a number of institutions
concentrated within Bidanasi (Planning Zone 06) Map 9.1 like Saraswati
Sishu Mandir, Raghunath Jew College, ABIT College, Kendriya
Vidyalaya, DAV School, International Centre for Ideal Education,
Bidanasi High School, Lajpat Rai DAV Public School, and in Sikharpur
zone, institutions like Mahanadi Vihar School, Saraswati Vidyamandir
(Residential), CRRI High School, Ruchi Food Craft Institute and St.
Xavier's High School-1 etc. Map 9.2 shows the deposition of different
educational components in the Charbatia (Planning Zone 02), that
includes institutions like Bandalo Primary School, Charbatia UGME
School & High School, Kalinga Public School, Birata Cuttack School,
OTM High School, Agrahat High School and ARC Campus. Map 9.2
shows the locations of Choudwar Women's College, Choudwar M.E
School, Chashapara U.P. School, Nigamananda Bidyapitha etc. in
Choudwar Zone. Map 9.3 shows the elements of institutions in Mundali
zone like Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Mundali High School, Godi Sahi
High School and in Gopalpur zone namely Kalinga Bharati Residential
College, Kalinga Bharati Institute of Management Studies, ICFAI etc.
9.2.2
Suggested Policies and Strategies for Education:
Some important measures to be taken up by appropriate authority to

transform CDPA into an important educational hub are:
A) Capacity Building:
a. Release of land for setting up of high quality day schools in
the model of DPS in Barang zone.
b. Formation of teachers training institute for improvement in
the qualification and experience of the teachers at all
levels, especially the secondary and higher secondary
level.
c.
Augmentation of infrastructural support such as text books,

furniture, storage in classrooms, playgrounds, libraries,
laboratories etc; with a stress on extra-curricular and
174
Education
recreational activities especially in the primary sections.

Introduction of mid-day meal would enhance the effort in
this direction.
B) Quality of Education:
Introduce Institutions of Technical, Medical and Management and
Vocational Training Education. The supply of skilled man power
is the key factor in the process of managing the future urban
development. It is important to develop new initiatives in
management training outside the formal education and training
system to provide the adequate skill required for running
operation and maintenance of various old and new industrial
institutions.
C) Administrative Reforms:
a. The Government should work very closely with the private
and public sector to form an advisory committee comprising
representatives from all concerned parties and form up-todate courses only to ensure that its education and training
system would meet the tertiary needs, now and in the future.
b. Close collaboration with international reputed institutions in
the development of various training courses could form part
of the Governments HRD policy. The Government, along
with National Productivity Council, Technical Education
Board and other appropriate organisations should also
develop extensive programs to upgrade the skills of the
existing workforce under the overall guidance of experienced
and well qualified national and overseas personnel. Only
then could we identify their best practices and suitably modify
them for developing the present education and training
system.
c.
The Government could promote the adoption of the citys

municipal schools by NGOs and communities to reduce drop
out rates (e.g. policies adopted in Karnataka).
D) Adequate and appropriate Space Allocation:

Ample space and healthy environments for educational and institutional
facilities can pay dividends in the form of better attitudes and positive
mindset in the students, thus resulting in greater productivity. Thus, to
serve the region as well as state, a clear cut policy guideline is required
to be incorporated for earmarking areas for various professional/
educational institutions, research centres and training institutes those
would serve the region as well as state. These institutions may be set up
in suitable locations, as shown in Map 9.4.
175
9.2.3
Education
Assessment of Future Requirements and Proposals
Based on the recommended norms specified by the UDPFI guidelines, as

summarized in Table 9.1 the assessment of existing and future
requirements of facilities and recommended area for education has been
done in Table 9.2. The requirements have been categorized by the
different levels of education and indicated by the additional number of
educational facilities and respective areas required.
Table 9.1: Recommended UDPFI Guidelines for Educational facilities
Level of
Education
Population
per facility
Recommended area ( In hectares)
Student
Strength
Building
Playground
Total
area
Primary
5,000
500
0.2
0.2
0.4
High + Higher
Secondary
7,500
1000
0.6
1.0
1.6
1,25,000
1500
2.2
1.8
4.0
College
Table 9.2: Zone wise existing and future (2030) no. of educational facilities and their area requirement
Secondary School
+
Senior Secondary
No. of
additional
facilities
Required
(2030)
Additional Area
Requirement
(in ha.)
No. of existing
Facilities
(2006)
No. of
additional
facilities
Required
(2030)
Additional Area
Requirement
(in ha.)
No. of existing
Facilities
(2006)
No. of
additional
facilities
Required
(2030)
Additional Area
Requirement
(in ha.)
University/ College +
Technical College
No. of existing
facilities
(2006)
Primary School
Nirgundi
17
Charbatia
14
0.8
6.4
Chhatisa
1.6
Choudwar
1.2
1.6
Nimapur
15
3.2
12.8
Bidanasi
37
13
5.2
33
25
Old Cuttack
101
62
60
Sikharpur
40
1.6
22
11.2
25
Mundali
14
3.2
Barang
29
12.8
Gopalpur
19
17
6.8
16
25.6
Total CDPA
298
47
18.8
163
37
59.20
140
Level of
Education
Source: Socio-economic Survey, SPARC, 2006
176
Education
In order to provide adequate educational facilities and infrastructure in all

the zones, an assessment of the existing facilities has been done for the
primary, secondary and specialised institutions in all the zones. It has
been noticed that all the zones of CDPA excluding Old Cuttack, will
require additional educational facilities in primary and secondary level to
provide for the future population. The existing educational infrastructure
in the Old Cuttack zone needs to be augmented with policies and
programmes to enhance the capacity building. The zone of Nirgundi has
been proposed for specialised institutions such as, Engineering, Medical
and Management institutes. Building centres and mason training
institutes have been proposed in Chhatisa zone for development and
propagation of new building construction technology. In the Nimapur
zone, vocational training institutes for industrial training and catering
technology have been proposed. Additional Institutional areas for
specialised institutes like the Law University, Institute of Judicial Sciences
etc. and other technical and training institutions have been proposed in
Bidanasi zone. In the Sikharpur zone delineation of land for research and
development institutions at national level in continuity with the existing
one like the CRRI has been made. Land allocations for specialised
theological, philosophical universities such as Sri Sri Ravishankar
University have been made. Quality educational facilities for primary,
secondary and higher secondary at par with international levels like DPS
model with day boarding facilities have also been made in the Barang
zone. Defense institutions such as DRDO and specialised research
institutions such as Institute for Astronomical Studies, Non-conventional
Energy Research Centre have been proposed in Mundali zone (Map
9.4).
9.3 Health Care

To ensure the progress of any region, it is important that its citizens are
healthy and have access to adequate health infrastructure.
9.3.1
Existing Health care Facilities in CDPA:
The existing scenario indicates a greater access of city dwellers to better

health facilities than the rural population who need to travel long
distances to avail the Govt. health services. Although awareness about
health and hygiene among the population has increased over the years,
and many private healthcare facilities are coming up, the Government
health facilities are yet to be upgraded to match todays health service
demands or standards. Government healthcare facilities in CDPA
urgently need to be augmented with more sophisticated medical
177
Health care
equipments, implementing waste disposal autoclave, setting up drugstore

and purchase more no. of ambulances.
Existing important health facilities within CDPA are almost wholly
concentrated in Old Cuttack Zone. Some of them are Acharya Harihara
Cancer Institute, SCB Medical College, Red Cross Blood Bank, Lion's
Eye Hospital, Braja Rambha Dispensary Campus, Vetenary Hospital,
Orissa Nursing Home, Nigaam Hospital, Udaya Bhanu Nursing Home,
etc. Welfare Nursing Home, Sun Clinic, SMCC, Ashwini Hospital, JPM
Rotary Eye Clinic all belong to the Bidanasi Planning Zone and Leprosy
Ashram, Cuttack Homeopathic Medical College, Moon Hospital in
Sikharpur zone (Map 9.1). ARC Hospital and ESI Hospital are the
important hospitals in the Charbatia - Planning Zone 03 (Map 9.2). Panda
Cancer Hospital, Veterinary Dispensary are the existing Health Care
facilities in Gopalpur zone (Map 9.3).
It is found that the 78 hospitals and health care facilities are located in the
CDPA, maximum located in Old Cuttack Planning Zone, where both the
urban and rural people flock in large numbers to avail themselves of the
outdoor and indoor facilities and for the preventive and curative
treatment. Out of 167 nursing homes 95 are located in Old Cuttack zone.
An account of the existing health facilities in CDPA is presented in Table
9.4, along with the future requirement in terms of number of additional
facilities, land required.
9.3.2
Assessment of Future requirements and proposals
The assessment of future requirements for healthcare has been done

based on the recommended norms specified by the UDPFI guidelines, as
specified in Table 9.3.
Table 9.3: Recommended UDPFI Guidelines for Healthcare Facilities
Population
served
Number of
Beds per
facility
Hospital
Residential
Total
General
Hospital
250,000
500
4.0
2.0
6.0
Intermediate
hospital(A)
100,000
200
2.7
1.0
3.7
Intermediate
hospital (B)
100,000
80
0.6
0.4
1.0
100,000
0.2-0.3
45,000
100,000
25-30
0.2-0.3
Type of
Facility
Polyclinic
Nursing
home/
Maternity
Area requirement ( in hectares)
The additional number of health care units required along with additional
land requirement is given in Table 9.4. The approximate fund
requirement for 2030 is shown in Table 9.11.
178
Health care
It has been noticed that, adequate facilities at primary level are available
in all the zones of CDPA to cater to the present population. Also
specialised hospitals to cater to the city level and regional level
population already exist in the zones of Choudwar, Old Cuttack and
Bidanasi. These health care facilities need to be augmented with
increase in capacity and availability of trained man power. Additional
hospital and health care facilities have been proposed in the new zones
of Nirgundi, Nimapur, Mundali, Barang and Gopalpur to cater to the
needs of the future population. The health infrastructure needs to be
upgraded in the form of multi specialty hospitals, health complexes and
also inviting the corporate sector to contribute to the development of this
sector. Land allocations have been made for such specialised complexes
in the newly developing zones like Barang and Nirgundi (Map 9.4).
Table 9.4: No. of existing Healthcare Facilities (2006) and additional requirement of facilities and
recommended areas for 2030
Hospital and Health care
Nursing Home
No. of
existing
facilities
(2006)
No. of
additional
facilities
Required
(2030)
Additional
Area
Requirement
(in Ha.)
No. of
existing
facilities
(2006)
No. of
additional
facilities
Required
(2030)
Additional
Area
Requirement
(in Ha.)
Nirgundi
0.3
Charbatia
Chhatisa
Choudwar
Nimapur
11
10
Bidanasi
13
23
Old Cuttack
37
95
Sikharpur
10
31
Mundali
Barang
0.6
Gopalpur
0.3
CDPA Total
78
30
167
1.20
Zone name
9.3.3
Suggested Policies and strategies for health facilities

A) Capacity Building:
a. The average number of beds in the hospitals and health
centers in CDPA is presently sufficient as per UDPFI
recommended guidelines of 2 beds per 1000 population.
In future these norms should be extended in rural areas
also, since the major concentration of health institutions
are mostly in the urban area.
179
Health care
b. There is an immediate need to increase the number of

qualified doctors as well as the para-medical staff.
c. There is an immediate need for upgrading all basic and
diagnostic equipments in all primary health centers and
sub-centers mainly in the rural areas which lack these
facilities.
B) Community based approach
a. The motto for tomorrows health care should be help at
the doorstep. Preventive practices coupled with medical
help provided by community health officers will ensure that
the number of patients with critical diseases will decrease.
All categories of citizens including CMC workers are to be
brought under the medical insurance coverage to avail the
facilities in the major hospitals.
b. The strategy for community based approach will be to
increase the participation of the people, especially
womenfolk in semi-urban, industrial and rural areas. A
system of health card has to be introduced to each
individual by the NGOs and CBOs.
c.
Introduce a system of appropriate user fees in all the

state-run hospitals without withdrawing the sanctioned
fund.
C) Public Private Partnership:

a. Encourage publicprivate partnership in the creation of
new kinds of hospitals for ensuring specialised kinds of
medical facilities for the people at large.
b. The private sector in healthcare should cater to the referral
hospital like that of VMC, Tata memorial etc. while
improving the medical
equipment and
laboratories.
However some form of cross subsidy may be worked out

so that the private sector could provide services to people
at more affordable prices.
D) Raising the level of medical services:
New trends of health care services such as tele-medicine, setting up of
health intranet, patient information centre through internet, and related
computerization should be actively encouraged in the CDPA region.
9.4
Other Social Infrastructural facilities
Other facilities which form an integral part of social infrastructure are

Telecommunication, Financial Institutions, Postal Services, Fire Services,
Recreation facilities, parks and playgrounds, etc.
180
Other Infrastructure Facilities
9.4.1
Existing Scenario of other Social Infrastructural facilities
In CDPA, other social infrastructural facilities again are concentrated

within Old Cuttack Planning Zone.
The commercial banks already functioning in the CDPA are State Bank of
India, UCO Bank, Union Bank, Indian Overseas Bank, NABARD,
Allahbad Bank, State Bank of Hyderabad, LIC etc. When compared with
the UDPFI Guidelines, the number of financial institutions (10000 per
facility is satisfactory in urban area where as in rural areas the number is
below satisfactory level.
Postal services in CDPA are satisfactory in terms of number of post
offices and telegraph offices and also the population served per post
office as per UDPFI Guidelines, which suggests 15000 populations per
post office.
There are Four existing Fire stations serving the CDPA of which 1 is
located in Old Cuttack (Map 9.1), 1 in Charbatia (Map 9.2) and 2 in
Bidanasi (Map 9.1).
The present condition of amenities is very poor in terms of cinema halls,
auditoriums and stadium in the entire CDPA, when compared to
standards.
9.4.2
Assessment of Future requirements and proposal
The requirements have been indicated by the additional number of

facilities, additional land requirement and approximate fund requirements
for Telecommunication, Financial Institutions, Postal Services, Fire
Services, Recreation facilities, parks and playgrounds, etc. All the above
social infrastructural facilities have to be located within the prescribed
institutional, commercial and recreational land uses in the CDPA to cater
to the future population. Hence appropriate space or land at prescribed
locations need to be kept reserved for accommodating modern
infrastructural facilities, all leading to raising the quality of life of the
people of CDPA and BCUC as whole. The UDPFI guidelines have been
followed for computation of future requirement in terms of number of
facilities and land requirement (Tables 9.5, 9.6A, 9.6B and 9.6C).
The proposals for Telecommunication, Financial Institutions, Postal
Services, Fire Services, Recreation facilities, parks and playgrounds etc.
are as follows.
Telecommunication, Postal Services and Fire Services: It has been
computed that total 15000 lines are required for expansion of
Telecommunication facilities in the CDPA.
Adequate infrastructural
facilities for Postal services are available in all the zones of CDPA. A
marginal addition of 11 numbers of postal infrastructural facilities at
181
various levels are required to cater to the future proposed population in

the various planning zones. In addition to the existing number of fire
stations, 7 more fire stations have been proposed. The zone wise
distribution of all these facilities has been mentioned in Table 9.6A.
Financial Institutions, Recreational Hall, Parks and Playground:
It has been observed that the concentration of financial institutions is
mainly in the zones of Bidanasi and Old Cuttack. An attempt has been
made for a proportionate distribution of these facilities in all the zones
with respect to the population of each zone. To further accentuate
development in this sector a Business Improvement District has been
proposed in Barang. Various commercial and financial office complexes
have been distributed in different zones of CDPA. 39 additional
recreational halls in the form of cinema halls/auditorium/multipurpose
halls have been proposed for the various zones of CDPA. Also modern
day facilities such as multiplexes, city centres, urban plazas have been
proposed as a part of high end recreation in the zones of Barang,
Gopalpur, Choudwar and Bidanasi.
It has been observed that, very
minimal amount of land area at present functions as formal parks and

playgrounds. It is extremely essential to increase the land area under this
category. After computation of the requirement it has been found out that
a total of 1350 ha is required under this category. Major passive
recreational areas along the river front of Mahanadi and Kathajodi have
been proposed in the form of Barabati Haat, Utkal Ratna Bhumi, Naraj
Barrage Park, Mundali Barrage Park, Choudwar Park, Chhatisa
amusement park, Science and Technology Entrepreneurs Park, Energy
Park, Water Theme Park, Heritage Park, Veer Sthal etc. along with major
fair and festival grounds such as Baliyatra fair ground, Choudwar fair
ground etc, large open spaces for religious discourses near the Sri Sri
University, Barang and Bidanasi. Neighbourhood level parks and
playgrounds should be distributed proportionately in the various zones. A
major sports complex for Sports Authority of India has also been
proposed in Choudwar zone. Besides this it has been envisaged to make
most of the stretches and sand beds along the river front areas as green
recreational areas with beautiful plantations and gardens, streetscapes
and street lighting thereby making the river fronts as attractive spaces for
passive recreation (Map 9.4). The zone wise distribution of all these
facilities has been mentioned in Table 9.6B.
Community Hall and Library, Music, Dance and Drama Centre:
The existing facilities are quantitatively high in number but lack qualitative
infrastructure in terms of space standards, ambience, resources etc.
these existing facilities need to be augmented to serve the population.
Further for the propagation and development of culture, many policy
guidelines have been outlined in the forthcoming chapters. As per this
182
policy guidelines computation of city level facilities have been made and
it is expected that around 17 numbers of additional community
halls/libraries are needed and 3 major music/dance/drama/performing art
centres are required in the three portions of CDPA (Table 9.6C). Further
to accentuate and to promote the image of the entire CDPA as a world
class cultural centre, a Cultural Hub has been proposed in Gopalpur
zone, on a scenic peninsular land mass in the backdrop of river
Khathajodi, for an international level performing art centre, along with
convention centre, media complex etc (Map 9.4). Thus a boost has been
given to revive the literary, art, craft and theatre in the CDPA region.
Table 9.5: Recommended UDPFI Guidelines for Telecommunications, Postal Services and Fire Service
Walking Distance
Type of Facility
Population threshold
Telecommunication
10 lines per 100 population
Postal Services
1 post office per 15000 population
<3 km
1 fire station for 2 lakh population
Commercial/Cooperative Bank
1.6 3 km
10000
Recreational Hall (cinema/auditorium)
.5 1.6 km
20000
2 lakhs
Fire Service
Stadium/ Sports Complex
10-12 sq.mt. per person
Overall city level open space
Table 9.6A: Future requirement of Telecommunications, Postal Services and Fire Service in CDPA
Telecommunications
Postal Services
Fire Service
No. of
No. of
additional
existing
facilities
Facilities
Required
(2006)
(2030)
Total lines required

(2030)
No. of
existing
Facilities
(2006)
No. of additional
facilities
Required (2030)
Nirgundi
850
Charbatia
800
Chhatisa
120
Choudwar
560
Nimapur
1150
Bidanasi
2500
16
Old Cuttack
3500
55
Sikharpur
2200
13
Mundali
420
Barang
1100
Gopalpur
1800
15000
126
11
Zone name
CDPA
183
Table 9.6B: Future requirement of Commercial/Cooperative Bank, Recreational Hall

and Park and Playgrounds in CDPA
Commercial/
Recreational Hall
(Cinema/ Auditorium)
Cooperative Bank
Parks and playgrounds
No. of
existing
Facilities
(2006)
No. of
additional
facilities
Required
(2030)
No. of
existing
Facilities
(2006)
No. of
additional
facilities
Required
(2030)
Existing
Facilities
Existing
Area (in
Ha.)
Additional
Area
Requirement
(in Ha.)
Nirgundi
13
1.03
83.97
Charbatia
17
16.05
63.95
Chhatisa
0.98
11.02
Choudwar
10
7.43
48.57
Nimapur
1.7
113.3
Bidanasi
21
38
31.5
218.5
Old Cuttack
71
16
63
60
290
Sikharpur
21
17
16.72
203.28
Mundali
4.7
37.3
Barang
16
4.2
105.8
6
138
12
49
1
38
8
39
12
199
6
150.31
174
1349.69
Zone name
Gopalpur
CDPA
Table 9.6C: Future requirement of Community Hall, Library and Music, Dance &
Drama Centre in CDPA
Community Hall and Library
Music, Dance and Drama Centre
No. of existing
facilities (2006)
No. of
additional
facilities
Required
(2030)
Additional
Area
Requirement
(in Ha.)
No. of
existing
facilities
(2006)
No. of
additional
facilities
Required
(2030)
Additional
Area
Requirement
(in Ha.)
Nirgundi
14
0.1
Charbatia
11
Chhatisa
Choudwar
Zone name
Nimapur
0.8
Bidanasi
32
Old Cuttack
72
11
Sikharpur
19
Mundali
0.2
Barang
0.8
Gopalpur
1.6
0.2
166
17
3.4
31
0.3
Total CDPA
184
Power
9.5
Power
9.5.1
Existing Scenario in CDPA
Energy is the prime mover of economic growth and is vital to sustaining a

modern economy and society. Orissa is the first state to privatize power
supply distribution in India. Whole state is divided into four zones. BCUC
falls under Central Electricity Supply Utility (CESU). Source of power to
BCUC is from Power Grid Corporation of India ltd (PGCIL), NTPC,
OPGC, OHPC, Independent power producers and captive plants. Supply
of power to Old Cuttack city and its surrounding areas is from three grids
i.e. Bidanasi, Choudwar and Poparada. Cuttack has three Electrical
divisions such as CDD-I, CDD-II and CED. It has the capacity of 5x40
MVA. From the Socio-Economic Survey, it is observed that almost 97%
of household in urban area and 77% household in rural area have
electricity. Percentage of household having electricity connection, total
consumers in urban areas, and category of consumers is shown in Table
9.7 and Table 9.8.
The various zones in the CDPA region are served by power stations at
Ranihat (Old Cuttack Planning Zone), Grid stations at Choudwar and
Poparada and a number of substations at Bidanasi, Sikharpur, Jobra,
CRRI Campus, Badambadi, Chhatisa etc.
Table 9.7: Percentage of Households having Electricity
Cuttack MC
CDPA
Rural
Choudwar
(M)
Stratum
10
Percentage
97.04
96.46
76.46
82.89
CDPA
93.39
From the Table 9.7 it is observed that,

1.
Even in areas under CMC i.e. Old Cuttack and the newly
developed areas, which represent Stratum 4 and 5 in our study,
have only 97.04% and 96.46% respectively of total households
with electricity connection.
2.
There exist a wide range of variations in the percentage of

household having electricity in the CDPA region. It is observed
that 83% of all the households of Choudwar Municipality have
electricity connection.
Table 9.8: Total Consumers in BCUC
CMC
Total Households
Total Consumers
Percentage
126531
78870
62
185
9.5.2
Power
Estimation of Electricity Demand
As per UDPFI Guidelines, based on the requirements of power supply as

per the Master Plan of Delhi the consumption works out to be about 2
Kilo Volt Ampere (KVA) per household per day at the city level and
includes domestic, commercial, industrial and other requirements. Table
9.9 shows the zone wise electricity demand for 2008 and 2030.
The power supply of CDPA area is approximately being managed by 150
MVA whereas the demand is of 670 MVA in 2030. In order to achieve
670 MVA power demand, minimum 80 nos. of 33/11 Kv sub-station with
capacity of 2x5 MVA each has to be installed. Out of the 80 nos. substations 20 nos. already exist in the plan area. Therefore future
requirement is of 60 nos. of 33/11 KV sub-station For installation of each
such sub-station, an area measuring 50 mtrs X 40 mtrs is required.
In order to feed these 80 nos. of sub-station, 33 KV lines are to be drawn
for which minimum 7 nos. of 220/132/33 KV Grid sub- station needs to be
installed.
Presently Cuttack city and its periphery are supplied by existing 3 Nos. of
220/132/33 KV grid sub-station of OPTCL at Tangarhuda mouza in
Bidanasi zone, Nuapara mouza in Sikharpur Zone and Kapileswar mouza
in Choudwar Zone.
Another 4 Nos. of 220/132/33 KV grid sub-station has been proposed to
meet the power demand at Uttamapur mouza in Gopalpur zone,
Govindpur mouza in Mundali zone, Khaera mouza in Nimapur zone and
Sardola moza in Nirgundi zone (Map 9.5). For each such sub-station an
area of 10 acres is provided along the vacant space available.
Table 9.10 shows the present number of substations and future
requirement (2030) for CDPA. Table 9.11 shows the tentative capital
investment requirements for development of power infrastructure.
Table 9.9: Zone wise Electricity Demand

2008
Zone name
186
2030
Household
Electricity
in MVA
Household
Electricity in
MVA
Nirgundi
5556
11.11
18889
37.78
Charbatia
10000
20
17778
35.56
Chhatisa
1333
2.67
2667
5.33
Choudwar
7556
15.11
12444
24.89
Nimapur
8889
17.78
25556
51.11
Bidanasi
24444
48.88
55556
111.11
Old Cuttack
70444
140.88
77778
155.56
Sikharpur
30667
61.33
48889
97.78
Mundali
4889
9.78
9333
18.67
Barang
8889
17.78
24444
48.89
Gopalpur
11111
22.22
40000
80
Total CDPA
183778
367.54
333333
666.68
Power
Table 9.10: Present number of sub-stations and future requirement

(2030) for CDPA
Type of substation
Area required per

facility
Nos. of grids
Total area
required
33/11 KV
2000 sq mt.
60
120000 sq mt
220/132/33 KV
40000 sq mt
160000 sq mt
Table 9.11: Tentative capital investment requirements for development of

power infrastructure by 2030 in CDPA
Items
Total cost in crores
4 nos. of 220/132/33 KV grid sub-station
250
220/132 KV lines and infrastructure
300
60 nos. of 33/11 KV 2x5 MVA sub-station
210
Construction of 180 km of 33 KV lines
10
Construction of 700 km of 11 KV lines
20
5000 nos. of 11/.4 KV distribution substation of 100 KVA capacity
150
Drawal of 10000 km of LT lines through AB

Cable including alteration
300
Total cost
1240
Extra escalation cost 25%
310
Grand Total
1550
9.5.3 Bottlenecks
Bottlenecks or Impediments in the distribution system:
1. Loss of power and old network system along with power theft are
important bottlenecks in efficient distribution.
2. Old transmitting lines in the core areas of municipalities with
inadequate safety measures sometimes result in power supply
breakdown and loss of life and property.
3. Due to haphazard unplanned growth of settlements in other
municipalities such as Choudwar and other rural areas, there is
loss of power due to increase in length of supply lines,
4.
Lack of adequate land available for location of transformers in

some places result in locating transformer by the side of the
roads and may result in significant loss of life and property in
case of accidents. Capacity constraint of transformers results in
low voltage supply in core areas and fringe areas.
187
9.5.4
Vision for Development of Electricity generation and

distribution
1. Access to electricity from 93.39% to 100% in future for all

household in CDPA by 2030.
2. Power cuts should be drastically reduced by 2011.
3. Establishment of a long-term planning mechanism of power
sector operations based on a detailed sector reform roadmap, a
long-term power system master plan, and a sector-wise capacity
building programme.
4. Provision of open space (1/2 acre) for accommodation of future
33/11 KV substations should be kept at every 3 km distance in a
distributed manner in zonal development plan.
5. Promotion of private sector participation and public-private
partnerships in power generation and distribution
6. 100% metering and MIS for reduction of T&D losses
7. Cabled LT supply wires help in prevention of hooking and power
theft. Control of electric meter in the hand of the distribution
authority to prevent illegal tampering.
8. Power tariff should be suitably modified for raising the revenue to
be used for modern development of power infrastructure.
9.5.5
Power Generation Technologies from Renewable Sources
In BCUC there is huge potential for power generation from renewable

energy sources, such as wind, biomass and solar energy. Special
emphasis is to be given for the generation of grid quality power from
renewable sources of energy. The renewable energy power sector
includes:
Wind Energy
Solar Energy
Biomass Energy
Biomass Gasifier
Energy from waste
9.5.6
Renewable Energy at Local Government Level
Various instruments exist with the Indian local Governments that can be
exercised for promoting use of Renewable Energy in local urban
developments in CDPA.
188
Power
Investment Proposal
Legal
Local Authority can use legal instruments for application of Renewable
Energy by amending existing byelaws or by making new laws promoting
Renewable Energy. A model regulation / building bye law for making
installation of solar assisted water heating system mandatory in various
categories of new buildings will go a long way in energy conservation.
Fiscal and financial incentives
To promote Renewable Energy, local Government can also adopt the
strategy of providing incentives. These incentives can be financial or
social in nature. For Example Municipal Corporation can introduce an
incentive of 10% cut in property tax for those who install solar water
heating systems. On the similar line FAR may be relaxed for buildings
adopting solar panels in design.
Persuasive (organizing awareness programme etc.)
To accelerate development and deployment of Renewable Energy
programme at local level, local government can organize awareness and
training programmes. It can organize workshops for prospective users
such as housing societies, builders, developers and architects. Banks are
also coming forward with interest free loans.
Demonstration projects
Some pilot projects can be implemented demonstrating renewable
energy and energy efficiency. Large scale use of solar energy for water
heating, power traffic lights, and hoardings will result in cost and energy
saving. It will also generate confidence among the public for use of
Renewable energy and energy efficient technology.
9.6
Investment Proposal

infrastructural facilities discussed here are based on adhoc construction
prices. Thus, tentative figures for the capital investment requirement have
been computed. However, this may not reflect the actual fund outlays
required in the next three decades. The tentative cost estimate for
educational facilities is rupees 148 crores; for health care facilities,
rupees 330 crores, and for other infrastructures rupees 1842 crores
(Table 9.12).
189
Investment Proposal
Table 9.12: Tentative Cost Estimate (In Crores) of Proposed Social Infrastructural Facilities for CDPA
Additional No. of Facilities

required
CDPA
Total Cost (Crores)
Primary School
47
47
Secondary School+ Senior Secondary School
37
101
84
148
Hospital + Health Care Centres
320
Nursing home
10
12
330
Type of Facility
Educational
College, University + Prof. Tech. Institute
Health
50
11
49
148
Recreational Hall (Cinema/Auditorium)
39
33
1350 (Area in ha)
34
17
10
64
1550
208
1842
304
2320
Telecommunication
Postal Service
Fire Service
Others
Parks and Playground

Community hall and Library
Music dance and Drama Center
Power Infrastructure
Total CDPA
190
Policies on Cultural Development

in CDPA
10.1
10
Policies on Cultural Development in CDPA
CDPA Region offers a rich cultural heritage with Cuttack, the former
capital and one of the oldest cities of Orissa and the administrative
headquarters of the district. Cuttack, being more than a thousand years
old, and the capital of Orissa for almost nine centuries, before
Bhubaneswar was made the capital city in 1948, is also known as the
"Millennium City. The town is situated at the apex of the delta formed by
the rivers Mahanadi in the North and Kathajodi in the South. It thus
serves as a convenient base for touring the various places of interest in
the district. Also, with its world famous unique filigree works in silver,
ivory and brass works and textiles of woven silk and cotton, Cuttack is
perhaps the grandest showroom of Orissa, and its rightful cultural capital.
Planning for Cultural Development for CDPA, therefore, must be
attended through the augmentation of existing cultural facilities in
distributed urban centres throughout the planning area, as well as
developing the manpower and skills of its rural population.
Proposals for Propagation and Development of Culture are:
1. Promotion of Traditional Fairs and Festivals through government
and NGOs participation so as to generate awareness among the
new generation towards rich cultural heritage and inviting
cultural tourism.
Fig 10.1: Balijatra Fair at
Cuttack
2. Augmentation and development of Balijatra Cultural Festival

ground at Cuttack with infrastructural development for round the
year activities. (Figs 10.1 and 10.2)
3. Centre for Development of Ghora Naach (horse dance) and
handicrafts at Choudwar for artisan skill development and
tourism promotion for the region.
4. Religious fair and festival grounds integrating famous Astha
Shambhu (Eight Shiva) Temples in Choudwar including scenic
spot development, traditional mason training centre for stone art
work to generate artistic interest.
10.1.1 Manpower or skill development for the rural population

Fig 10.2: Traditional utensil
shop at Balijatra
At present, the rural folk and tribal population residing at villages in the
planning area fringe is not exposed to alternative avenues of earning.
Special drive should be initiated to impart vocational training for skill upgradation in traditional sector. The rural folk may be appropriately trained
and engaged in handlooms, handicrafts (like basket weaving, gun metal
work, clay pottery, bamboo work etc.) and forest based product recycling.
Development of herbal gardening and forest product processing should
be encouraged. Special training may also be extended to them regarding
191
10
Policies on Development of
Recreation
guidance and hospitality in rural tourism and as well as towards their

indigenous cultural performances (music, dance etc.) for incoming
tourists. Periodic fairs and festivals may be organized in certain
picturesque natural locations to boost up their cultural publicity, to give
confidence for social acceptance and mainstream participation and to
open up the new possibilities of additional earning through selling their
products before a wider audience, and in a better manner. In this regard,
the household limit has to be watched otherwise too many tourists may
despoil the character of the area.
10.2
Policies on Development of Recreation
Recreation is any physical or psychological revitalization through the

voluntary pursuit of leisure time. It is an activity which is relaxing to
people and provides diversions from their normal routine. Generally there
are four types of recreation. These are:
Revitalization: restoration and enhancement of mental and physical
health.
Play: relaxation and exercise
Fig 10.3: Indoor Stadium at

Cuttack
Adventure: excitement and challenge

Education: organized and incidental
City level recreational facilities are of two types. Indoor facilities consist of
libraries, clubs, cinema hall, auditorium, multiplex, art and craft centre,
shopping malls, food courts, cyber cafs, gymnasium etc. Outdoor
recreation facilities consist of gardens, parks, play grounds, golf courses,
zoo, botanical garden, race course, stadium, exhibition ground, water
sports complex, green ways, bike ways, forest camping sites etc. (Fig
10.3)
CDPA offers varied forms of indoor and outdoor recreational facilities with
Fig 10.4: Barabati Fort at

Cuttack
large river fronts, hills, reserve forest, heritage and cultural resources,
offers great potential for development of recreational facilities and
services. (Map 10.1)
Proposals for Augmentation and Development of Recreational Facilities
of CDPA are:
1.
Urban Parkway System along Taldanda Canal with landscape

continuity and hierarchy of various parks with defined uses at
Cuttack.
2.
Development of Barabati Fort Tourist Complex with museum /

recreational area development, Barabati Haat and Balijatra Fair
ground.(Figs 10.4 and 10.5)
Fig 10.5: Entrance gate of

Barabati Fort
3. Tip of landmass at Bidanasi - Naraj Barrage, Cuttack can be

developed as picnic spot/ water based sports and recreation
192
Tourism
10
spaces etc. Utkal Ratna Bhumi- an area can be earmarked for

the memorials of the great laureates of Orissa.
4. Development of green belts, plantations, parks, ghats, plazas
along the riverfront abreast the Urban set up and invite nature in
harsh built environment through myriad ways.
5. Choudwar Fort / Uttareswar Temple / Buddhalinga Temple
(Tank) Complex and large tanks like Raja and Rani Pokhari may
be developed with landscaping and environmental lighting with
tourist day service facilities highlighting benefits of water bodies
in habitat. (Fig 10.6 and 10.7)
6. Amusement Parks to be developed in Chhatisa zone along with
Fig 10.6: Uttareswar Temple
at Choudwar
horticulture, pisiculture, herbal parks, etc.

7. Kataka Kala Kosh a world class cultural hub in the Gopalpur
zone with media complexes, convention centres and multiplexes
and high-end recreation.
8. Science and Technology Park, high-end activity centre viz. BID,
IT SEZ, health complex and high end commerce in Barang will
usher new development.
9. Institutional development such as Sri Sri Ravi Shankar
University along with open spaces for religious discourses, Yoga
Clubs, naturopathy centers, etc. in Barang may be welcome.
Fig 10.7: Budhalinga Temple,

Choudwar
10. Development of eco-tourism with provision of water theme

parks, lagoon resorts, weekend resorts and world class
recreation centres such as club towns, golf clubs, spa resorts,
etc. at Mundali Planning Zone.
10.3
Policies on Tourism Development
As a service industry, tourism has numerous tangible and intangible

elements.
Major
tangible
elements
include
transportation,
accommodation, and other components of a hospitality industry. Major

intangible elements relate to the purpose or motivation for becoming a
tourist, such as rest, relaxation, the opportunity to meet new people and
experience other cultures, or simply to do something different or have an
adventure.
Tourism is vital for every place, due to the income generated by the
consumption of goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied on
businesses in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment
and economic advancement by working in the industry. For these
reasons government and private agencies sometimes promote a specific
region as a tourist destination, and support the development of a tourism
industry in that area. The contemporary phenomenon of mass tourism
193
10
Tourism
may sometimes result in overdevelopment; however alternative forms of

tourism such as ecotourism seek to avoid such outcomes by pursuing
tourism in a sustainable way.
CDPA offer great potential for tourism development. Most of the existing
or potential areas have one day travel possibilities from the main urban
nodes. Overnight staying facilities for people at these tourist spots may
not be a strong proposition though adequate provision for Day Service
facilities (like eating places, temporary rest shelters, toilet facilities, STD
booths, local tourism information centres, retail outlet for local handicrafts
etc.) are utmost necessary.
The comprehensive planning proposal for tourism and recreation
development aims to strengthen tourist attraction through improved
publicity and facility upgradation. More tourists mean more business for
local people in retail and service sectors. Thus it will also create a strong
economic base through various types of outdoor recreation.
According to the existing scenario analysis of CDPA, it has been
observed that the following categories of tourism have immense
potentialities for this region:
1.
Religious Tourism with historically important structures such as

temples and other outdoor worshipping areas in the vicinity.(Fig
10.8 and 10.9)
2.
Cultural and Heritage Tourism with annual / seasonal traditional
Fig 10.8: The famous

Goddess Chandi at
Cuttack
village fairs and festivals, folk or tribal socio-cultural events with

arts, crafts, music, dance etc.
3.
Nature based outdoor recreation and Eco-tourism for hills, forest,

riverfront / derelict stone quarries and vast agricultural area/
village settlements with undulating landforms including picnic
spots, sight seeing, camping sites etc. Presence of all these
tourism products calls for the growth of Adventure Tourism.
10.3.1 Integrated Approach and Strategy for Development of

Tourism
1. Coordinated Marketing to attract more tourists from other states
and foreigners.
Orissa is a kaleidoscope of past splendors and present glory: a
fascinating state with majestic monuments, beautiful beaches, sprawling
Fig 10.9: Quadam-i-Rasool

at Cuttack
Chilika Lake, luxuriant forests, captivating wildlife, exquisite handicrafts,

traditional tribes, enchanting classical and folk dances and music and
above all a hospitable and peace-loving people. In other words, Orissa
has rich tourism potential to attract a large number of tourists, both
foreign and domestic. Share of foreign and domestic tourists visiting
Orissa among other states is very low compared to other states in the
194
Tourism
10
Country. Out of 39.1 lakh foreign tourists that arrived to India in 2005,
only 0.85% visited Orissa. In the domestic front, the share of tourists
visiting from neighboring states like west Bengal continues to be
maximum (21.18%) followed by Andhra Pradesh (5.39%). Tourists
visiting from New Delhi, Tripura and Kerala have the lowest percentage
share (0.21%) each (Source: Orissa Tourism Policy). Proactive Marketing
Strategy is required to harness the optimum tourism potential of the state
in general and the CDPA region in particular, so that it can invite more
tourists from the foreign and domestic front.
Shanghai, Bangkok, Goa, Dubai are the names which generate a sense
of excitement and thrill to a tourists perspective. These places have the
maximum pull factor for a tourist among the various options available to
him. Branding of a tourist destination and its products is done basing on a
certain theme. It helps to target and invite a certain segment of tourists.
When a tourist visits a certain highlighted place, he will also be interested
to visit other important tourist destinations in the vicinity. Some of the
suggested potential themes on which the CDPA region can be branded
are
Silver city, Cuttack
Mythological city Choudwar. The place where Pandavas of Great

Hindu Mythology Mahabharat spent their Agyatvas (hidden
staying) before the Mahabharat War.
2. Enhancing Product Quality so as to create a brand image for

tourist destinations and enhancing service quality.
Heightened demand through coordinated marketing and branding needs
to be supported by consistent quality of Product Delivery across CDPA.
There is a common interest in developing consistent and product
standards and industry codes of conduct, benchmarked on National and
International best practices. Investigation, Green Labelling and other
quality assurance programmes should be undertaken to decide suitable
types of nature and cultural ecotourism products such as Nature Cure
Centres, Ayurveda Clinics and Health Spas for tourists.
Formulation of guidelines for regular augmentation and upgradation of
tourist infrastructure and services of public and private agencies is
required on a regular time frame so as to be a front runner in the
competitive tourism industry.
3. Facilitating Travel for easy access of tourists to major urban
centres and tourist destinations.
Given the high income elasticity of air passenger traffic demand and
declining costs of air travel, air connectivity will play a significant role in
strengthening regional, national as well as international linkages. In this
195
10
Tourism
context Cuttack, being served by the Bhubaneswar airport is poorly

connected to major important national and international destinations of
tourist importance. There is no direct flight accessibility of Bhubaneswar
Airport with many important cities in India.
Though rail linkage connectivity is better in comparison to air but
accessibility of Cuttack is less in comparison to other major tourist
destinations of the country. A rail based travel circuit can be explored to
connect important tourist destinations of the nation with that of CDPA.
There is no public transport facility to every tourist destination. Hence
enhancement of public transportation facility along with improvement of
private modes of travel services is of foremost necessity to attract local
and regional tourists of every income group.
4. Developing Human Resources for lasting impression
Human resources play a vital role for any Tourism Development
Programme. A tourist spends his total itinerary with this resource. Good
Host Training to encourage friendliness, increase awareness of Tourism
and foster attitude of Oriya Hospitality Culture in the frontline people such
as porters, taxi drivers, tourist guides, travel agencies, hotel and
restaurant/ caf staff is required. An effective regulatory and supervisory
mechanism should be encouraged to protect the interest of tourists.
Growth of tourism industry has a direct bearing on the supply of quality
techno-managerial manpower. In this context Hotel Management and
Catering, Travel and Tourism Management Institutes can be established
in CDPAs Planning Zones after careful evaluation of future market
demand. It will also provide an alternative career opportunity to the young
generation in this sunrise industry.
5. Developing Eco-tourism based on Nature and Culture for
Sustainable Tourism Development.
Ecotourism includes programs that minimize the adverse effects of
traditional tourism on the natural environment, and enhance the cultural
integrity
of
local
people.
Therefore,
in
addition
to
evaluating
environmental and cultural factors, initiatives by hospitality providers to

promote recycling, energy efficiency, water re-use, and the creation of
economic opportunities for local communities should be an integral part
of ecotourism.
It is an approach that creates a variety of quality tourism products that
are:
196
environmentally/ ecologically sustainable
economically viable
socially and psychologically acceptable
Tourism
10
The result of which would reflect:
an integrated and holistic approach to product development
capacity building in host communities
a sense and uniqueness of place
commitment to the greening of the tourism industry
6. Developing Tourism Travel Circuits for integrating tourist

destinations having a common theme.
Tourism travel circuits help in equitable tourism development. Some of
the themes for tourism travel circuits in CDPA are
a. Religious Tourism
b. Monument and Culture based
c. Art and Craft
d. Tribal or village tourism based
e. Ecotourism and Adventure (water based)
f.
Weekend and scenic area based
7. Enabling Private Sector Participation for accelerated growth of

the industry and efficiency in facilities and services.
Public Private Partnership offers a significant opportunity for the
government to bring investment, improve infrastructure, creation of jobs,
skill development, contracts for small businesses and better conservation
practices. Above all, by accepting investment from private agencies,
government
can
utilize
its
valuable
resources
to
some
other
developmental projects. PPP imparts a sense of competitiveness among

the government and private agencies.
A typical PPP would usually have the following characteristics:
a.
The private sector partner typically invests in a capital asset and

is responsible for maintaining and operating it over the life of the
contract.
b.
The focus is on the services provided and not on the assets

used.
c.
Risk transfer is a key element.
d.
Government assets are often transferred or made available to

the private party.
e.
The contractual arrangement specifies that a private party takes

responsibility for and assumes the risks for all or part of a public
sector function.
197
10

f.
Tourism
Value for money, which is critically dependent on the way risks

are allocated between the parties, must be demonstrated.
In CDPA, scope of private sector participation exists in establishment and

maintenance of tourism and recreational assets like water parks, theme
parks, multiplexes, star category hotels, food courts, traffic island
development and maintenance, avenue plantation, sanitation and solid
waste management near tourist destinations.
10.3.2 Eco Tourism Development
Sustainability should be the prime focus while planning for environmental
protection. A detail analysis for assets and liabilities from various zones
of CDPA indicates the varied carrying capacities, sensitivity and
ecological fragility in the developmental zones. Thus, World class Club
town, weekend cottages, recreation centres, etc. have been planned for
the Mundali Planning Zone of CDPA.
Most portion of River Mahanadi remains dry except rainy season. These
river beds can be suitably developed at for jogging space, religious
discourse, fairs and festival celebration ground like Kite flying
competitions on Makar Sankranti, Holi and Diwali celebrations. This will
provide much needed open space to Cuttack city dwellers.
10.3.3 Vernacular Art and Cultural Heritage
The traditional fairs and festivals, music and dance, living style
vernacular architecture and dcor of these rural/tribal folk all can be
presented into a marvelous tourist package. Tourist participation may
boost up the local economy, create a better market for their traditional art
and craft, at the same time generating a sense of pride among the local
mass toward their society, culture and bring positive technological and
hygienic awareness for those hither to neglected rural folk.
Regular monitoring of the tourist influx is very much required for these
areas so that excessive tourists may not disturb the indigenous social
fabric and the natural pace of their living style.
The Planning zone of Old Cuttack has been proposed to have a Workcum-living centre for Filigree (Fig 10.10).
Fig 10.10: The

traditional filigree work
of Cuttack
Rural Representational Centers or Tribal Art and Handicrafts Centers at

Choudwar, with display centers at Choudwar zone can be developed for
covering both the interest of rural tribal folk and tourists. This will give
enough information about their unique lifestyles, culture and creed,
preferences, and obsolescence (social backwardness) to incoming
tourists. On the other hands, rural/tribal people will also come in contact
with the urban folk, publicize their own creation and also be able to come
in to vocational training for improving their quality of life. Traditional work
cum living centers with activity demonstration (like pottery, basket
198
Tourism
10
weaving, gunmetal work, handloom and handicrafts etc.) can be really a

very interesting source of infotainment for the tourists. Vernacular eating
joints can also be developed along with these centers. Accessibility for
this area has to be improved first to ease consequential development.
10.3.4 Tourist Accommodation
The tourist accommodation development for CDPA essentially calls for
Day Service facilities for visitors at various locations of interest. The main
night stay will still be confined in to the major Planning Zones in CDPA.
Existing hotels in these areas mainly cater to administrative and business
tourism. Sight-seeing with a day long travel circuit may really be an
interesting proposition for the incoming visitors who would frequent the
CDPA for their official and business tours. So more specialized hotels (3,
4, 5 star category), motels, guest houses, dormitories, lodges should be
constructed in the various Planning Zones of CDPA for the official and
business tourists. For educational tourism youth hostels, log huts, ecotrails, camping sites, trailer parks may be developed in comparatively
remote locations amidst natural surroundings with basic infrastructural
facilities. Illegal mushrooming of hotels near scenic natural spots,
historical and archeological places of importance must be strictly
controlled and transit accommodation facilities should be permitted at
strategic locations only near important modal transfer points.
Incentives like tax concessions; special F.A.R. allowance etc. may be
extended to private developers for boosting up tourist accommodation
facilities in this planning area. This new accommodation for greater
occupancies will also address the need for increasing investors, who will
be coming for education, industries, IT sector on regular basis.
10.3.5 Tourist Travel Circuits
A Tourist Travel Circuit is a journey to different places of tourist
importance having a common theme. CDPA is surrounded by many
places of tourist importance which can be covered in a one day trip (Map
10.2). Tourist Travel Circuit is basically a concept derived by tourism
promotion agencies and tour operators where tourists are taken to
different tourist destinations having a common theme. It is beneficial to
both tourists and operators as per unit travel cost is reduced and a tourist
is able to visit more destinations in a shortest possible time. It helps
pilgrims, students, researchers and back-packers. A tourist place starts
receiving more tourists once it is put on a travel circuit which results in
growth of commercial and recreational amenities. It also helps in
generating employment and improving the socio-economic condition of
local people.
Some important factors which influence a travel circuit are
Mode of travel
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10
Time duration of visit
Infrastructure, facilities and services (road condition, hygiene,
Tourism & Recreational

Development Proposals
variety of food, shopping and entertainment option)
Publicity of the places
Intermittent serial viewing in between two nodes of a circuit or

the sequential relationship among the connected nodes.
Main tourist travel circuits for CDPA and its vicinity can be categorized
as:
A. Regional Circuits:
1. Cuttack Dhabaleswar Kapilash Saptasajya
2. Cuttack Ratnagiri Lalitgiri Udaygiri
3. Garh Khurda Barunei - Chandaka- Deras Udaygiri-Khandagiri
Bharatpur Nandankanan Mundali Naraj - Barabati fortChoudwar fort.
B. Day Travel Circuits (Zone wise)
1. Old Cuttack Bidanasi Dhabaleswar
2.
Gopalpur Barang Mundali
3.
Choudwar Charbatia Chhatisa - Dhabaleswar
10.3.6 Database on Tourist Characteristics

Developing a well networked tourist data base for CDPA with the
following inventories:
a. Different categories of tourists.
b. Tourist behavior, preference and expectations.
c.
Quantum of tourists flow at various places of attraction.
d. Frequently visited places in order of tourist priority and reasons.

e. Feedbacks of a tourists trend experiences to the defined areas
of interest.
f.
Special hazards (if any).
g. Remembering events (positive).

This database, if regularly updated will throw light on dos and donts in
local tourism and help in rectifying defects and increasing positive effects
on tourists. This will reveal
Which activities are to be continued unconditionally.
Which activities are to be continued with partial modifications.
Which activities are to be totally discontinued for safeguarding

socio-physical environment.
200
Tourism
SWOT
analysis
(strength/weakness/opportunities/threat)
can
10
be
conducted periodically with these updated data inputs and user

feedbacks for achieving an ideal tourist environment with least problems.
10.3.7 Thoughts on Tourism Management
Sustainable tourism Development for CDPA can be achieved through
strong
partnerships,
accountability
and
continuous
improvement
mechanism which will yield derived outcome in the form of enhanced

image for the tourist destinations, increased employment or job creation
and improved community facilities and services, consumer trends and
tourism opportunities have to be realistically balanced like the following:
Fragmented Market
Differential needs of targeted segments
Search for
community
Experiences reflecting traditional /

local values, integrity, art, heritage,
lifestyles
Anchoring
Opportunities to get back in touch
Healthy living
Clean, green, natural and healthy

getaway
Self expression
Opportunities for individual views /

communication
With changing times, peoples affordability and new public attitude,

tourism and out door recreational facilities have to be planned through
the following strategies:
1. Out of ordinary experiences associated with special venues like developing the Religious and historical Circuit.
2. Going with the grain exploring the natural assets of the region
(riverfront) - internationally / nationally famous or locally notable.
3. Identifying the champion projects for the area like Balijatra
ground redevelopment and Kataka Kala Kosh resource projects.
4. Drawing inspiration from the National Tourism Policy 2002 in
terms of
Swagat (Hospitality)
Soochana (Information)
Suvidha (Comfort)
Suraksha (Security)
Sahyog (Co-operation)
Sanrachna (Infrastructure)
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5. Online publicity forum and web log on the State Tourism website.
6. Disaster management and preparedness for remote areas.
7. Spelling out prohibitive actions / remote areas and dangerous
areas for tourist safety.
8. Linking the programme to market initiatives that offer Approved
Tourism Operators (ATO) support in financing and promotion.
9. FDI must be actively encouraged with international players
expertise in outdoor recreations.
10. Thus the new model can be derived to ensure optimum
utilization of rich tourism resources for creating new employment
especially in rural or suburban areas, to strengthen the already
existing market for the rich and varied Orissan handicrafts, to
preserve and accelerate the contribution of tourism in the socioeconomic development of the CDPA region.
10.4
Tourism and Recreational Development Proposals

for the various Planning Zones
Cuttack being one of the ancient towns of India and earlier capital of
Orissa, possesses unique development features which may be nourished
in the mainframe of Context, Time and Technology. Excellent land-water
interface, picturesque locales, rich historical landmarks, colourful
festivals, traditional art and cultural ensemble all make Cuttack
Development Plan Area a strong magnet for tourist attraction. Every year
lots of local, regional, national and international tourists arrive here to feel
the vibrant culture of the place. Existing scenario analyses reveal that the
number of speciality resorts, quality tourists accommodation are much
less than the expected supply. Besides, road linkages, other facilities,
safety and environmental concern are not well integrated towards
tourists convenience.
In zonewise planning for tourism and recreational development for
Cuttack Development Plan Area, the following general issues should be
covered into realistic mode on long-term basis.
1. Integrated tourist circuit networks with travel destinations in a
day trip mode.
2. Provision for special travel route(s), if any, combining both
roadways and waterways.
3. Control of environmental pollution at travel nodes by legal
measures or by setting development threshold limits.
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10
4. Ensuring safety and security for the tourists, especially

international tourists by setting up police outposts, telephone call
booths in remote peripheral areas, or at tourist destination
places.
5. Quality food eateries, availability of ATM counters, community
help kiosks, volunteer guide groups, rest rooms or well
maintained lavatories (for both male/female)
are absolutely
essential as interim journey wayside convenient facilities.

6. Identifying appropriate locations for local Art and Cultural
Interpretation Centres for tourists interest.
7. Community involvement through active participation from local
people with their hospitality, selling of handicraft products,
tourists guidance or even temporary renting their house
components for tourists stay during certain occasions and
festivals.
10.4.1 Charbatia: Planning Zone 2
Restoration and Conservation of major waterbodies along the religious
complexes of the Astha Shambhu Circuit (especially the water tank within
the Baideswar temple complex, which is famous for its medicinal
properties) along with maintainance repair and regular periodic cleaning
of waterbodies.
Arrangement for appropriate illumination around
Charbatia Fort and environmental accessories like provisions for Agrohorticultural development outside the old Fort of Charbatia can also be a
special attraction. Ceremonial open spaces, brass and bell metal artefact
display and sales centres may be developed around the Charbatia Fort
for tourists interest. An Open Air Theatre is also suggested near the fort
for performing the traditional Ghoda Naach along with light and sound
effects.Conservation of water tanks like Raja and Rani Pokhari is also
proposed along with recreational parks and floral gardens around them.
10.4.2
Chhatisa: Planning Zone 3
Chhatisa being mostly a swampy area with lots of natural drainage

channels can be well developed as amusement parks, with lagoons/
lakes after proper identification and delieneation of the drainage
channels. Pisiculture/floriculture, herbal gardens can also be promoted in
this area to elevate the economic potential of this zone.
Chhatisa can be an ideal spot for tourist recreation on the way to
Dhabaleswar temple with the SEZ in the backdrop. Though Dhabaleswar
Temple is beyond our planning area limit, this approach may be planned
with roadside tourist facilities including pilgrims rest shelter, toilets and
eateries.
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10.4.3 Choudwar: Planning Zone 4

Choudwar being the place for numerous small scale and cottage
industries, some allied activities, generating tourist interest can be
planned. Bell metal and brass works and stone handicrafts, etc. these
can be presented before tourists with the objects manufacturing process
and display. A Textile-and-Handicraft Hub and Building Industries along
with Mason Training Centres can be planned with fly-ash brick production
units. Amongst the cultural activities Ghora Naach (Horse-dance) takes
the prime position for this area. Folk art and Horse-dance training and
performance areas can be suitably planned for tourists interest.
Religious and Cultural Fair Grounds should be well serviced and preplanned to cater to the seasonal influx of the visitors. The temples
belonging to the Astha Shambhu Circuit should also be developed with
pilgrim shelters, eateries, shops, toilets, etc.
10.4.4
Nimapur: Planning Zone 5
Special recreational activities with parks and gardens, water sports,

movie theatres, food streets, etc. can be planned for industrial workers
and other people of this locality. Extensive development is preferred for
Sports Complex, Fitness Centres, etc. in this area.
10.4.5 Bidanasi: Planning Zone 6
Along the Mahanadi river banks, picnic spots, martyrs memorial,
landscaped parks (Shantiban, Delhi style) for Oriya historic personalities
can be made for tourist attraction (Utkal Ratna Bhumi). This area
possesses excellent natural beauty with undulating land forms and water
bodies in a serene environment. Deer park, birds sanctuary, etc. can
also be designed along with these activities. Open spaces with beautiful
landscape can be earmarked for fair grounds, religious discourses, etc.
with supportive activities.
Near
the
confluence
of
Mahanadi
and
Kathajodi,
water-based
recreational park (Naraj Barrage Park) for water sports like boat racing,
yachting, canoeing, swimming, water taxi running, etc. may be
successfully included in the areas development program.
10.4.6 Old Cuttack: Planning Zone 7
Restricted development is desired with augmentation of existing sociocultural and recreational activities and also new development for tourist
facilities in limited parcels of land.
Tourist complex around historical Barabati Fort can be developed with
archaeological museum, light and sound shows, tourist-care activities,
etc. Surrounding moat or water course can be revived for paddle boating,
musical fountains, landscaped gardens, etc. Formal spaces can be
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10
introduced for performing traditional yatra with the peripheral audience

seating near the landscape gardens. Historical parks depicting
chronological development of Cuttack city may be developed as special
attraction for both domestic and international tourists.
At the Balijatra Fair Ground new services like potable water supply,
toilets with sewer connections, information kiosks, and police help booths
should be provided for the convenience of the tourists. Barabati Haat, an
Oriya Cultural Ensemble can be planned in the line of Delhi Haat where
the tourist can see the glimpses of Orissas rich traditional art and culture,
cuisine, handicrafts, textile and lifestyle in one place only. This concept
can make the riverfront busy with tourist and recreational activities
throughout the year. Only temporary kiosks will be allowed at the
Barabati Haat instead of permanent buildings.
Within the core city of Cuttack, Urban Parkway System with a chained
hierarchy of sector and neighbourhood parks can be established with
landscape linking of the existing parks as well as the introduction of new
outdoor spaces both for active and passive recreation.
Corporate sponsorship may be searched for the creation and
maintenance of these Lung Spaces within existing densely built urban
area.
Along the Mahanadi and Kathajodi riverfront on both the sides, idol
immersion ghats have to be provided for the seasonal festivals and other
religious rites. Enlistment of the present ones, repairing and future
maintenance for the same, creation of new ghats will be utmost important
in attracting people towards the river.
Near Gadgadia Shiva Temple, facilities for tourist care should be initiated
immediately along the waterfront. Every year, thousands of religious
tourists visit this temple area, necessitating the urgent development for
this area.
Netajis birth place can be conserved through urban conservation
program with appropriate landscaping, environmental lighting, Homage
offer site, etc. Youth Development Centre for inspiring power among the
youth, generating patriotic awareness and community service may bear
the scope of new allied development for this Veer Sthal.
Suitable River Strand Drive Program should be introduced along the
entire stretch of Mahanadi from Naraj point to Jobra barrage with various
parcels of development focused into different appropriate activities to
offer kaleidoscopic ventures in retail-recreational front. According to the
water stretches (perennial or temporal), embankment characteristics,
abutting settlement or dominating activities, view potentials and
accessibility, befitting uses can be brought forward for this neglected
riverfront.
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Similarly, on the Kathajodi riverside too, waterfront program can be

introduced from Belle View point to NH connection.
Roadside sculptures, outdoor murals, city gates for transition areas,
roadside landscaping, outdoor lighting, innovative street furniture and
street hardware, bus shelters, decorative boundary walls, information
kiosks all these elements can highlight the changing image of Cuttack
city towards the tourists.
Pedestrian travel circuits or even day trip vehicular travel circuits should
be worked out for the convenience of the tourists considering the major
travel nodes or destinations in sequential approach with changing views
and vista. Seasonal festival procession march routes should be identified
and serviced accordingly.
10.4.7 Sikharpur: Planning Zone 8
Along Taldanda Canal, Urban Parkway System may be introduced with
intermittent approach ghats for navigational and other socio-cultural
activities. Boating for tourists may be planned in the line of Backwater
Cruise in Kerala.
10.4.8 Mundali: Planning Zone 9
Mundali being an eco-sensitive zone, sensitive development should be
encouraged with less built-up and more nature-based recreational
activities for revenue earning from visitors and tourists. Golf Club, Club
Town,
riverside
resorts
are
choiceable
options
for
this
areas
development. Besides, arboriculture in this area can also generate

income. Availability of large amount of open areas makes nature-based
habitat development in this area possible. Water based activities such as
water theme parks, lagoon resorts, spa resorts are also proposed in this
area. Smaller hillocks can be developed with afforestration and
recreational parks such as Energy Park, resort housing along the foothills
thereby forming ideal locations for picnic spots. The natural green should
be preserved as far as possible with beautifully landscaped gardens,
making it an interesting spot for activities such as trekking, bird watching,
etc., thus transforming this entire zone into an exotic Eco-Hub, and a
weekend rendezvous for the city dwellers.
10.4.9 Barang: Planning Zone 10
Barang has been planned as a high-end activity zone with high-end
commercial activities along the riverfront. Open spaces for religious
discourses, Yoga Clubs, naturopathy centers, etc. have been proposed
along the riverfront near Sri Sri Ravi Shankar University. Also a Science
and Technology Entrepreneurs Park has been proposed in this zone
along the riverfront. These recreational areas will act as lung spaces in
this newly developed activity zone.
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Cost of Development
10
10.4.10 Gopalpur: Planning Zone 11

Due to the greater stretch of Kuakhai riverfront, city level outdoor
recreational parks may be developed along the river with hierarchy of
functional nodes.
Near Jain Museum Complex and near the meeting points of Kuakhai river
and Puri Canal, integrated recreational development may be planned
with small cottages, boat cruises, picnic spots etc.
Zone wise Tourism Proposals are shown in Table 10.1 and Map 10.3.
10.5
Cost of Development
The tourism potential in various planning zones according to the

resources available in the given planning units has been earmarked. The
cost however is subject to change depending upon the nature of tourism
potential and infrastructural development in the given zone. The cost for
development along with the land requirement has been stated in (Table
10.2). Altogether 170 hectares of land are required under tourism
activities to cater for an estimated 25 lakhs annual tourists for an approx.
investment of Rs.176 Crores.
10.6
Conclusion
With the portrayal of various cultural, tourism and recreational activities

for different Planning Zones within the CDPA, it has been observed that
they may be well connected in an intra-zonal or inter-zonal fashion
through a perimeter ring road and inner circulation corridors. Important
Travel Circuits can be created by connecting the various zones viz. (1)
Old Cuttack Bidanasi Dhabaleswar, (2) Choudwar Charbatia
Chhatisa Dhabaleswar, (3) Mundali Barang Gopalpur, with tourist
nodes distributed over the entire CDPA.
A western ring road development will improve the connectivity between
Udaygiri and Khandagiri - Nandankanan (via Deras) - Cuttack
Choudwar and an eastern ring road connecting Barunei Dhauli
Cuttack Choudwar. Adequate and appropriate connectivity with the
various tourist nodes will boost up tourism in the CDPA as well as the
entire BCUC region.
New standards for tourism development have to be introduced with
contextual frame in mind but with international perspective. Cuttacks rich
cultural heritage has to be presented in a new appropriate tourist
package embracing both co-cultural feeders and contemporary leisure
standards.
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10
208
Heritage & Conservation
Introduction
11.1
11
Introduction
CDPA area is endowed with varied historical and cultural resources from
different historical periods. Also important is a unique natural resource of
long stretches of river fronts that are intricately related with rich traditions
and cultural richness of CDPA.
Historical and cultural significance of Cuttack and its surrounding region
dates back to a very early period. Cuttack city is the nucleus of this
region with its long antiquity of more than a thousand years. Formed in
Fig 11.1: Barabati Fort
989 A.D., Cuttack was the capital of Orissa for almost nine centuries,
before Bhubaneswar was made the capital city in 1948. Derived from the
Sanskrit word 'Kataka', which signifies a military camp or a fort (Fig 11.1)
or a Government seat protected by an army, the city is one of the oldest
cities in India and the commercial capital of Orissa. The cultural history of
Cuttack is reflected in its unique festivals of Dusshera and Balijatra. The
Balijatra is the festival of remembering the ancient tradition of trade
between Orissa and Java, Bali and Sumatra. All those festivals are
celebrated in a grand way at Cuttack. The city is also famous for its
chandi medha, which are basically unique filigree works in silver for
which it is also called "Silver City" .With its filigree works in silver, ivory
Fig 11.2: Janakinath Bhawan,
Oriya Bazaar
and brass works and textiles of woven silk and cotton, Cuttack is perhaps
the grandest showroom of Orissa.
Cuttack was also the nerve centre in Orissa for the cultural and
educational renaissance during 19th and early 20th century and has a
special place for its role in the freedom movement of India. Cuttack has
many educational institutions of national repute, like the Ravenshaw
University (formerly Ravenshaw College). This college has a prestigious
history. Nobel laureate Professor C. V. Raman worked here for some
time. There are many other structures which are noted for their
association with institutions and people with significant contribution in the
freedom movement. The birth place of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose
Fig 11.3: Charbatia Fort
which is known as Janakinath Bhawan in Oriya Bazaar has now been

converted to a museum named as Netaji Birth Place Museum (Fig 11.2)
and been declared as a protected monument by Orissa State
Archeology. Original letters written by Netaji along with other Netaji's
important materials are present in this museum.
The fort at Charbatia, popularly known as Birat Rajas fort is another
place of significant historical importance in this region and has been
declared as a protected area by ASI (Fig 11.3). The religious significance
of Astha Sambhu and Athagarha (just beyond the CDPA boundary)
temples, the Ghora Naach (Fig 11.4)-still practiced by a small artisan
community in Choudwar, the Barabati Fort in Cuttack as well as
Fig 11.4: Ghora Naach
numerous social and educational institutions of repute indicate a rich and

diverse cultural heritage of the Cuttack city and its surrounding region. A
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11

distinctive feature of Cuttack is the Cantonment area with majestic
Historical Timeline of Cultural

Landscape
colonial structureschurches, schools, bungalows from the Colonial

period located in a quiet green area along the riverfront. (Fig 11.5)
The unique heritage of Cuttack region is the natural heritage of rivers and
extensive river fronts. Mahanadi, Kathajodi and Birupa rivers along with
their tributaries have formed a network of rivers in and around this region.
The river fronts along with the cultural sites and built heritage offer an
enormous potential for exclusive river front development to cater to local
people as well as tourists and visitors. But that needs a holistic approach
and sensitive revitalization strategies. Preservation and redevelopment
measures need to be guided by a policy of integrating conservation of
natural, cultural and built heritage with future development of this region.
11.2
Historical Timeline of Cultural Landscape
History of Cuttack helps us to know more about the cultural heritage of

the city and the surrounding region. Cuttack, the erstwhile capital of
Orissa, is one of the ancient cities of India. Cuttack has witnessed the
Fig 11.5: Colonial bungalows in
the Cantonment Area
rule of several dynasties: the Kesharis, the Gangas, the Gajapatis and
the Bhois. In 1568 A.D., the city passed to the hands of Afghan rulers of
Bengal, then to the Moghul Empire in 1592 and the Marathas in 1751.
Cuttack, with the rest of Orissa, came under the British rule in 1803. It
became the capital of the newly formed state of Orissa in 1936 and
continued to be so till 1948 when the capital was shifted to Bhubaneswar.
The city completed one thousand years of its existence in 1989.
Phase I
Early Period - a maritime outpost
In the remote past, Cuttack was connected both by land routes and
waterways with renowned medieval ports like Chelitalo, Palur and
Tamralipti. Although politically Cuttack was not that significant before the
eight century A.D., but it was a flourishing mart of Eastern trade.
Phase II 10th 11th Century Military Cantonment to a Capital City
According to the History of Cuttack, the city was built in 989 A.D. as a
military cantonment because of its impregnable situation that further
developed into the capital of the state of Orissa.
Inscriptions of Anangabhimadeva lll refer the original city as AbhinabBaranasi-Katak. Like the city of Baranasi situated in between Baruna and
Asi, Cuttack is situated between the rivers Mahanadi and Kathajodi and
was therefore named as Abhinab-Baranasi (New-type of Baranasi).
Cuttack developed into a city out of five villages viz. Choudwar Katak,
Baranasi Katak, Sarangagarh Katak, Viraja Katak and Amaravati Katak.
Cuttack (or Kataka) was founded by King Nrupa Keshari in 989 A.D. King
Marakata Keshari built the stone revetment on the left bank of the
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Landscape
11
Kathajodi in 1006 A.D. to protect the city from the ravages of floods.
Cuttack became a capital city in the end of the 10th century A.D., during
the reign of Somavanansi dynasty of Orissa. The city has witnessed the
rule of several dynasties: the Kesharis, the Gangas, the Gajapatis and
the Bhois.
Phase III
12th 16th Century Capital City of Hindu Kingdom
According to Stirling, an eminent historian, the city gained prominence in

the socio-political scenario of India in the 12th century when it became
the capital of the Ganga Dynasty. According to The Madalapanji, a
chronicle of Lord Jagannath Temple, the kingdom of the Ganga stretched
from Godavari River in the south to the River Ganges in the northern part
of India. The importance of Cuttack rapidly increased after the occupation
of Orissa by Chohagangadeva early in the 12th century A.D.
Chodaganga transferred his capital from Kalinganagar to Katak which
was more centrally located. The famous Barabati Fort was constructed
by the famous Ganga ruler Anangabhimadeva lll. (Fig 11.6) Due to its
constructed by Ganga Ruler

Anangabhimadeva lll
strategic location, King Anangabhima Dev III shifted his capital from
'Choudwar Kataka' to the present Cuttack, then known as 'Abhinaba
Varanasi Kataka' and built the fort of Barabati in 1229 A.D.
After the Ganges, Orissa passed into the hands of the Gajapati under
whom Cuttack continued to be the capital of the state. The reference
from Ain-i-Akbari clearly denotes that Cuttack was a flourishing capital
city during the time of Mukunda Deva. The Chalukya King, Mukundadev
Harichandan, built a nine-storey building in the precincts of Barabati Fort
in 1560 A.D. In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, Barabati Fort was
defended by two rings of forts on either side of the Mahanadi and the
Kathajodi.
It is said that the Hindu kingdom in Cuttack came to an end with the
death of Mukunda Deva - the last Hindu king who ruled the city of
Cuttack. This last independent Hindu king of Orissa died fighting the
Sultan of Bengal, Suleiman Karni in 1568 A.D. On the eve of Afghan
occupation, Cuttack was found to be a well guarded and heavily fortified
capital.
Phase IV 16th 18th Century Afghan and Moghul Rule
According to the archaeological evidences of Cuttack and its territory, the
city passed to the hands of Afghan rulers of Bengal in 1568 A.D, then to
the Moghul Empire in 1592. The city is said to have been prosperous till it
was captured by Firoz Shah Tughlaq. Under Firoz Shah Tughlaq (during
the 14th century), the city witnessed a brief period of unrest, which was
marked by vandalism, destruction and looting.
The Afghans, however were not destined to rule Orissa and they were
soon ousted by the Imperial Moghuls. Cuttack continued to be the capital
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11

Landscape
of Moghul Orissa and Abul Fazl clearly mentions that Moghul Governor
was residing in that city.
Phase V 18th Century Maratha Occupation
The city came under Maratha occupation in 1751. During the rule of
Marathas, Cuttack greatly prospered as an emporium of trade and
commerce and became a central market of exchange between the
Marathas of Nagpur and the English merchants of Bengal and Northern
Circar.
Phase VI 19th Century British Rule
As per the Treaty of Deogaon, Cuttack came under British occupation in
1803 and the English set themselves to the task of consolidation and
land revenue administration. As an after effect of the devastating famine
of 1866, the government gave serious consideration to remove the
isolation of Cuttack from the outside world and at the same time to
prevent the recurrence of such calamities in future. Along with several
water ways, roads were also opened during the later part of the 19th
century to provide Cuttack with internal communication. Then towards the
last decade of the 19th century railway line of BNR connected Cuttack
directly with Madras and Calcutta.
The Cuttack Municipality has a long heritage in the field of urban
management. The Municipality was constituted in 1876 with 30
members- 24 elected, 4 ex-officio and 2 nominated by the Govt. The
Municipal Board took charge of lighting the town, providing drinking water
facilities, medical relief and public instruction at primary stage. The
Municipality also took charge of few mileage of road and it worked,
although under great restriction to develop Cuttack in to a modern town.
Phase VII Early 20th Century Cultural Renaissance and Freedom
Movement
The first Newspaper of Orissa Utkal Dipika was published by the
Cuttack Printing Company due to the efforts of Gourisankar Ray in
1866.There was a great change in the educational scenario of Cuttack
after British occupation with the establishment of first Government
English school in 1841 and it slowly progressed as the Higher English
school until the famine of 1886.Then the school was converted into a
college with intermediate teaching in 1868 which in due course of time
took the name of Ravenshaw college. Ravenshaw College was
converted to Ravenshaw University (Fig 11.7) on 15th November 2006.
Fig 11.7: Ravenshaw University
Orissa Medical was established in 1875 following the establishment of

Cuttack general hospital in 1874.The Cuttack Municipality came into
existence in 1876.In 1923, two new educational institutions were opened
in Cuttack. One was Cuttack Training College and the other was Orissa
School of Engineering, which developed out of the old survey school
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Landscape
11
separated from the Ravenshaw College in 1915 and from the

Government Workshop located at Jobra. (Fig 11.8)
During Freedom Struggle, Swaraj Ashram of Sahebazada Bazaar was
the center of all nationalist activities. The Ashram is place of pilgrimage
for all Gandhites as Gandhiji indoctrinated the youths of Orissa with the
mantra of truth and nonviolence.
Fig 11.8: Government
Workshop, Jobra
Phase VIII 20th Century Capital of Orissa

Cuttack has been enjoying all along the unique privilege of being the
administrative and commercial nerve center of Orissa .It was the seat of
the commissioner of Orissa Division till 1936 and with the formation of the
province of Orissa in that year, it was exalted to be the head quarter of
the new province. The historic Lalbagh palace which was being occupied
by the Commissioner became the Governor House. Now it was been
converted to childrens hospital called Sishu Bhawan (Fig 11.9). The
High Court came into existence in 1948 and its building is an impressive
structure of Indo-European style (Fig 11.10). In 1948 Akaswani (All India
Radio) was established in the Old Madhupur Palace building of Cuttack.
Fig 11.9: Sishu Bhawan
Phase IX Present - Commercial and Cultural Hub of Orissa

In 1948, the capital of Orissa was shifted to Bhubaneswar. However, the
Chief Judiciary of the State continued to be located in the High Court
Complex in the old historic core and is the pride of the town.
The city still remains a commercial and cultural hub of Orissa with its
unique blend of Sahi culture, as a "Silver City" with its filigree works (Fig
11.11) in silver and as an educational hub with its numerous educational
institutions.
Fig 11.10: High Court -
Indo-European style
The city that completed one thousand years of its existence in 1989 is
gradually being overshadowed by the emerging importance of the new
Capital city of Bhubaneswar. Stretches of river front with vast horizon lie
almost neglected as a witness to the past glory of this region. Neglect
and obsolescence, crowding and deprivation are clearly visible in the
overall environment of the city of Cuttack and its neighboring region.
CDPA is in urgent need of revitalization and redevelopment of its built,
cultural and natural heritage resources.
11.3
Of the innumerable historical structures and cultural precincts, areas of

cultural and natural significance, mainly seven areas and specific
stretches of river front emerge as most outstanding and deserve special
Fig 11.11: Filigree works
attention. These are outlined below: (Map 11.1 and Table 11.1)
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11
11.3.1 Special Developed Area:

1. Zone 2: Charbatia/Choudwar Fort
1450 acres of land around Charbatia Fort has been declared as
a protected area by ASI. (Fig 11.12) The area also houses Astha
Shambhu Temples of local religious significance. (Fig 11.13) A local form
of folk dance, Ghora Naach is still practiced by a small artisan community
in Choudwar.
Fig 11.12: Charbatia/Choudwar
Fort
2. Zone 7: Barabati Fort

The area comprises of the famous Barabati Fort (1229 A.D) (Fig 11.14),
Gada Gadia temple and the Balijatra ground. With Barabati stadium, the
area serves as a city level open place.
3. Zone 7: Cantonment Area
The Cantonment area has a number of 19th century colonial structures
churches, educational institutions and bungalows. (Fig 11.15) The area
still retains an open and low density character. Recent trend of
Fig 11.13: Astha Shambhu
constructing high rise structures must be regulated to preserve the
Temples
character of the area.

4. Zone 7: Judiciary Complex (Fig 11.16)
The area in the vicinity of the High Court houses several important
administrative and educational institutes of colonial character and
historical associations. Increasing need for more and more space is
resulting in unsympathetic new construction and demolition of some old
structures. There is need for urban design guidelines and control of
vehicular movement in this area.
Entrance Gate
11.3.2 Other Areas:

Amongst the other significant heritage areas are the Cuttack Chandi
temple; prestigious institutions such as the Ravenshaw University;
memorials like the Netaji Birth Place Museum; built forms depicting
colonial architectural character such as Jobra Workshop, Chinese
Restaurant (Fig 11.17), the Kanika Raja Palace (Fig 11.18) and the
Darpani Rani Palace (Fig 11.19), etc. Also the existing work-cum-living
centres of the filigree workers contribute significantly to the cultural
Fig 11.15: Colonial Structures in
Cantonment Area
heritage of Cuttack.
11.3.3 Natural heritage: River front
Entire CDPA region is intersected by a network of rivers- Mahanadi,
Kathajodi and Birupa. Cuttack city and its surrounding region flourished
mainly because of the strategic location formed by the river network.
Long stretches of river front and stretches of sand beds are
environmental and natural assets that need careful development
strategies.
214
Fig 11.16: Judiciary Complex
11
All these heritage sites have immense historical and cultural values and
each one is significant in its own merit. Only a very few monuments and
structures within these areas are protected by ASI and State Archeology.
Most are unlisted. Fortunately, many structures especially institutional
and religious structures continue to be in use and are taken care of by
government organizations as well as private bodies and authorities.
However unsympathetic treatment and ad hoc modification often pose a
serious problem. In absence of a systematic inventory and formal/legal
tools to preserve living heritage, quite a few heritage structures have
been demolished. Inventory prepared by State Archeology give a list of
many unprotected monuments and is a valuable document for
Fig 11.17: Chinese Restaurant
formulation of any policy guideline or plan proposal. This list must be

supplemented and formalized through an appropriate legal framework as
suggested in the BCUC Perspective Plan.
Cuttack has a rich tradition of cultural heritage. Traditional crafts and art
form like filigree, textile, horn and brass work, Ghora Naach a folk
dance form, festivals like Balijatra (Fig 11.20) have much more potential.
There were drama and Yatra groups which have lost their popularity.
With well structured rejuvenation policy and management guidelines,
these crafts, festivals, performing arts and theatre groups can be
Fig 11.18: Kanika Raja Palace
projected at national and international forums.

Rejuvenation and development of natural, cultural and built heritage of
CDPA have to address conflicts between preservation of heritage,
economic development and social equity.
Sustainable solutions must
evolve from a systematic understanding of the present status within the

proposed vision of the CDP and an assessment of opportunities,
potentials and threats.
Fig 11.19: Darpani Rani Palace
11.4
Existing State of Natural, Built and Cultural

Heritage in Different Zones within CDPA
11.4.1 Zone 2: Choudwar/Charbatia

Popularly known as Birat Rajas fort, the place was originally known as
'Choudwar Kataka' and was the capital of King Anangabhima Dev III
before he shifted his capital to Abhinaba Varanasi Kataka' - the present
Cuttack, and built the fort of Barabati in 1229 A.D.
Fig 11.20: Balijatra Ground
Declared as a protected area by ASI, the ancient fortified site of

Charbatia fort (Fig 11.21) and its environment is an important
archeological site. A substantial part of the early historic site still remains
undiscovered. No attempt has been made by the ASI (Archaeological
Survey of India) for further excavation of the site. Large water tanks from
215
11
Existing State of Natural, Built

and Cultural Heritage in CDPA
ancient times, empty stone quarries and miles of barren land surround
the protected ruins of the existing fort.
Astha Sambhu temples with local religious and architectural significance
are located in this area. However, private initiatives to maintain and
refurbish the temples have often jeopardized the historical and aesthetic
authenticity of the structures. Ghora Naach a folk dance form continues
to be popular as a local mode of recreation and festivity. Only a small
community of artisans in Choudwar is trying to preserve and promote the
art form an intangible asset of this region. Also located in this region is
the residential colony the OTM factory, now a sick industry. (Fig 11.22)
The Charbatia fort with its ecologically sensitive natural surrounding and
Fig 11.21: Excavated Charbatia
water bodies, pilgrimage sites and folk art is an important site that need
Fort
to be protected as a special site of archeological reserve, an area of

anthropological and historical interest to be discovered, experienced and
cherished by the local people, researchers as well as tourists.
11.4.2 Zone 7: Barabati Fort (Fig 11.23)
Barabati Fort played a significant role in the history of Orissa. Its
contribution is remarkable especially, in the field of military activities
during Moghul, Maratha and British. According to the legend, Ganga king
Anangabhimadeva III founded the city of Cuttack. The strategic location
site had been decided to shift his capital from Chudangagada
Fig 11.22: Abandoned bungalow in

OTM Colony
(Choudwar, Cuttack) to Barabati village and named the city as Abhinava

Varanasi Cuttack.Various sculptural and archaeological remains explored
in its vicinity testify to an anterior existence of Cuttack and its antiquity
dating back to the rule of the Bhaumakaras and later by the Somavansis.
The fort is square in plan. It spreads over an area of 102 acres and
surrounded on all sides with stone paved moat of 10 m. wide in northern
and western sides and 20 m. wide in the eastern and southern sides. The
entire fort wall except the entrance is missing. (Fig 11.24) Since 1915, in
view of its national importance, the place has been declared as a

protected site by Archaeological Survey of India. At the centre of the fort,
there is a high mound with a tank in the western side. To the east of the
mound, there is the Sahi mosque while in the west of the tank lies the
mazar of Hazrat Ali Bukhari. Of the structures, the excavated ruins of a
temple deserve special mention. It is believed that it was the temple of
Jagannath then called Purusottama to have been built by Anangabhima
Deva III (1211-1238) the builder of the fort. This temple was known to
have been destroyed by Firoz Tughlaq during his invasion in 1361. The
excavations have also yielded the grand pillars of the palace.
Fig 11.24: Entrance to the Barabati

Fort
In 1803 the Britishers occupied Cuttack when extensive stone robbing

took place to build the Cantonment Road. The Archaeological Survey of
216

11
India has partially excavated the site and it is hoped that on completion of
excavations, a complete history of Barabati fort will be known which
would throw further light on the glorious Barabati fort of Orissa.
11.4.3 Zone 7: Cantonment
The Cantonment area has a characteristic feature different from the rest
of the old Cuttack city. Straight roads/avenues, colonial bungalows
(generally single storied and with sloping roof) set in sprawling gardens
Fig 11.25: Colonial bungalows set

in sprawling gardens
(Fig 11.25), religious and educational institutions and churches from

colonial time; contribute to the high quality townscape and environmental
quality of the cantonment area. Quite a few cultural and social institutions
of recent origin are also located in this area. Bungalows are generally
owned by the state Government and used as official residences of high
officials. The Cantonment area is predominantly institutional in character
except the bungalow region. There are many schools and churches
generally owned and maintained by individual trusts or public agencies
(Fig 11.26). Most of them are more than 100 years old and of significant
architectural and aesthetic values and well maintained. The area as a
whole represents a specific era in Cuttacks history and its development
Fig 11.26: Church in Cantonment

Area
as an educational and cultural hub in early twentieth century.

In recent time, many old buildings, schools and churches have been
demolished to give place to new structures. Bungalows are also being
modified or demolished. Recent trend of construction of high rise
buildings for academic as well as residential purposes, (Fig 11.27) is a
threat to the townscape quality of this area. The cantonment area of
Cuttack needs special area regulations to preserve the natural, built and
cultural heritage. It reminds one of the Lutyens Delhi, which has been
declared as a special area to preserve its townscape, built and natural
heritage.
11.4.4 Zone 7: Judiciary Complex in Old Cuttack
Fig 11.27: Cambridge Schoolconstruction of high rise buildings
Judiciary complex is the symbol of Cuttacks earlier status as the

headquarter of Orissa Province and Orissa State. The beautiful High
Court building (Fig 11.28) along with subsidiary offices still functions as
the Judicial headquarter of the Orissa state and pride of Cuttack. Several
Colonial structures with historical and architectural significance are
located within a walking distance. The historic Lalbagh place which was
earlier the Governor House and later converted to Children hospital
Sishu Bhawan, Ravenshaw Collegiate School where Netaji Subhas
Bose studied in his childhood, are all located in this area. The area has
significant townscape values with vistas, precincts and important
landmarks.
Fig 11.28: Orissa State High Court

building
The new constructions are generally unsympathetic to the distinctive

colonial style. However there is exception. The new building of the
217
11

Department of Pediatric Surgery in the childrens hospital complex
has
been able to usher modernism in a harmonious manner. Only through

careful conservation strategy and urban design guidelines, it is possible
to ensure more of such positive infill in future. (Fig 11.29)
11.4.5 River Front
River front includes the areas along Mahanadi and Kathajodi in
Choudwar (zone 4), Bidanasi (zone 6), Old Cuttack (zone 7),
Gopalpur
Fig 11.29: Department of Pediatric
Surgery: Sishu Bhawan
(zone 11), Barang (zone 10).

Cuttack city is almost an island surrounded by Mahanadi and Kathajodi
rivers. Cuttack flourished due to its rivers and its major problem of
drainage is also partly attributed to the rivers. This contradictory role of
river is apparent in the neglect of river front. Ring roads abutting the river
are used only as embankments and vehicular corridors. As a result, river
banks have failed to attract the residents on a regular basis. Only few
identified locations like Balijatra ground (Fig 11.30) and Barabati stadium
(Fig 11.31) occasionally act as city level recreational grounds. Otherwise
river banks are almost neglected abandoned and act as backyards.
Fig 11.30: Balijatra Ground near
the river bank
Same is true for other sides of the rivers in Choudwar, Bidanasi,

Gopalpur and Barang. Along many stretches, factories, godowns,
unauthorized structures and slums are located along the river front.
Illegal quarrying of sand from the river beds is environmentally disastrous
and causing irreparable damage.
Long stretches of river fronts have the potential to create city level public
places, recreational and commercial hubs, tourist facilities and high end
housing. In absence of any urban design guideline, new constructions
are coming up in a haphazard manner and can ruin the river fronts for
Fig 11.31: Barabati Stadium
ever.
These river fronts are natural assets of the CDPA region intricately linked
with its history, cultural development and built heritage. Its development
potential is manifold and that can only be ensured through a sound
riverfront
development
strategy
that
integrates
management
of
environmental and cultural assets with future development of the region.

Recently initiated project to restore Jobra Workshop as a maritime
museum is a right step towards this direction. This can serve as a role
model and a key intervention. (Fig 11.32)
Fig 11.32 Restoration of Jobra
Workshop as a maritime
museum
11.5 Issues
Heritage areas described above, show that these areas have intrinsic
opportunities to become a vehicle of positive change and to restore a
sense of cultural identity of the residents of CDPA. Only a few
218
Issues, Goals and policies
11
monuments and sites have been declared as a protected area, and the
State Archeology and ASI have meager presence in this region. Most
areas, structures, traditions are people oriented, usually lived in and
owned by individuals, trusts, and organisations. Sizable number of
properties are also owned and used by the State Government. In
absence of proper listing, grading, appropriate guidelines and incentives;
potential of built, cultural and natural heritage resources are not being
fully realized. On the contrary, degradation of the existing built, cultural
and natural heritage is being witnessed. It is therefore necessary to
integrate all these cultural and natural resources and the special heritage
areas with the emerging development of the millennium city and also to
satisfy the specific needs of CDPA. Focus should be on re-development
and rejuvenation of the CDPA area as a whole.
What
is
needed
is
value-based
heritage
management
that
encompasses various aspects like conservation interventions, visitor

management, infrastructure development and interpretations; essentially
to find out the future role of these diverse cultural and heritage resources
in the emerging and envisaged development scenario of BCUC.
11.6 Goals and policies

The unique combination of built, natural and cultural heritage resources of
CDPA has tremendous potential. With an aim of revitalization and redevelopment, conservation policies must attain a dynamic interaction
between cultural heritage and the natural environment. CDPA is
languishing behind the emerging eminence of Bhubaneswar as the major
capital complex. Conservation and development policies must be geared
towards the reversal of this trend. CDPA with its invaluable cultural and
natural heritage resources must develop a unique identity that
complements BDPA in its path of future development.
Preservation of built, natural and cultural heritage and environments as an
integral to the overall process of development must be able to:
i. Preserve cultural and ecological diversity as far as possible.
ii. Give priority to local value system.
iii. Explore the new opportunities arising out of heritage resources.
iv. Consider archeological and environmental conservation as tools to
stimulate economic development.
v. Promote economic development by promotion of traditional art/craft
and upliftment of the workers involved in a healthy and sustainable
manner by appropriately using and preserving the heritage
resources.
219
11
vi. Enforce a proper scrutiny so that short term benefits should not
take precedence over long term costs.
vii. To use zoning and special area rules and regulations as tools to
establish
an
enabling
environment
and
ensure
resource
compatibility.
With appropriate policy guidelines and heritage management, the cultural
resources of CDPA can boost local economy, highlight the past heritage,
promote tourism and also be able to play crucial and meaningful role in
projecting Cuttacks cultural identity. This will contribute a great sense of
pride amongst the residents of CDPA and become a touchstone for
future development.
11.7 Inventory of Heritage Resources

A detail inventory of all the resources, built, natural and cultural for the
Special Heritage areas, as well as, outside heritage areas is a
prerequisite to conservation plan. A preliminary list of some of the
identified built heritage is outlined in the Annexure III and shown in Map
11.2 is a guideline and future reference. The list needs to be augmented
and elaborated.
11.8 Proposal for Heritage and Conservation

11.8.1 Special Heritage Zones
The major heritage sites of CDPA need to be managed as Special Areas.
For each of the identified Heritage Zones, Special Area Action plan be
initiated that will maximize the maintenance of significance through
management of change. This is contrary to the purist approach of
conservation without compromise. Change has to be permitted but that
must be decided by a systematic analysis of significance, and formulation
of policy and plans. Systems of classification of heritage zones/cultural
sites have also been proposed.
It is suggested that following areas are declared as Special Heritage
Zones or Special areas: (Map 11.3)
i. Zone 2 & 4: Parts of Charbatia and Choudwar
ii. Zone 7: Barabati Fort
iii. Zone 7: Cantonment
iv. Zone 7: Judiciary Complex in Old Cuttack
It is recommended that:
i. Identified Heritage zones and Special areas for river front
development are to be declared as important cultural sites of
CDPA and protected and preserved as Special Areas.
220
Proposal for Heritage and

Conservation
11
ii. In addition to enforcement of relevant acts whichever is applicable

to the monuments/precincts/sites, Special Area Rules and Byelaws are to be prescribed for the identified special areas.
iii. A detail inventory of all the resources, built, natural and cultural for
the Heritage sites, as well as, other heritage resources for the
entire CDPA has to be prepared by proposed Heritage Committee
for BCUC Metro Area. Enlisting and grading of all heritage
resources are to be taken up on a priority basis for any further
detail recommendation.
iv. Heritage Trails need to planned and executed to ensure proper
accessibility and connectivity to the heritage areas.
Table 11.2 shows proposed activities and land use classification of
various Heritage Zones in CDPA.
With these guiding principles and within the framework proposed for
tourism, recreation and culture, the following section deals with specific
proposals for major heritage special development zones in CDPA.
11.8.2 Zone wise Detail Recommendations:
Zone wise proposal and recommendations are outlined below:
11.8.2.1 Zone 2 & 4: Charbatia and Choudwar Fort

Fig 11.33: Remains of the
Choudwar Fort
(Map 11.4) (Fig. 11.33, 11.34, 11.35, 11.36, 11.37, 11.38, 11.39)
i. ASI protected area.
ii. Prohibited and regulated area.
iii. No constructional activity and mining operation permitted.
iv. Afforestation can be initiated with mandatory approval from ASI.
v. Rehabilitation and revitalization of the existing settlements within
the protected area.
Fig 11.34: Raja Well at the
Choudwar Fort
Proposal: Archeological Park and protected archeological reserve with

proper maintenance and landscaping, planned heritage trails and basic
minimum facilities, folk art centre and compatible development of
necessary facilities and amenities.
i. Proposed to be developed as a special area for cultural landscape
site and archeological park, incorporating vast open spaces and
water bodies.
ii. The historically important Fort is well protected but needs
promotion and interpretation. Further excavation need to be given
priority by ASI.
Fig 11.35: Rani Tank near the
Choudwar Fort
221
11

Conservation
iii. The adjoining Astha Sambhu Temples need to be preserved and

promoted as a living religious heritage. Existing community, their
rituals and beliefs, historical and spiritual structures, water bodies
all are inter-linked and need to be promoted through well
developed religious circuit. Proper maintenance and landscaping,
planned heritage trails and basic minimum facilities need to be
worked out in detail.
iv. Local folk art (Ghora Naach) practiced by a small group of people
needs to be revitalized through training and workshops, festivals on
Fig 11.36: Chateswar and

Bateswar Temple, Choudwar
a regular basis, museums, research and documentation centre.

Proposed activities are centre for folk culture, folk art and craft
museum, open air theatre and tourists spots at Charbatia. An Open
Air Theatre is also suggested near the fort for performing the
traditional Ghoda Naach along with light and sound effects. Folk art
and Horse-dance training and performance areas can be suitably
planned for tourists interest.
v. Facilities and amenities for tourists, pilgrims need proper planning
and harmonious development. Large scale natural green area
required
for
protecting
the
area
from
encroachment
and
incompatible use.
vi. Projects like Historical Theme Park; Son-et-luminiere show,
Festivals can be developed in consultation with ASI, State
Archeology, proposed Heritage Committee and Local NGOs.
Fig 11.37: Kapaleswar Temple,
Choudwar
vii. All historical structures and tank within Zone 2 are to be enlisted,
graded and suitable recommendations be formulated by the
proposed Heritage Committee.
11.8.2.2 Zone 7: Barabati Fort

(Map 11.5) (Fig. 11.40, 11.41)
Protected area of highest significance:
1. Within demarcated Special Area -Protected area. No constructional
Fig 11.38: Entry to the Barabati
Fort
activity and mining operation permitted.

2. Upto 200 meters from the moat - Prohibited and regulated area.
Height and FAR Restriction.
i. The area within the fort along with is rich in archeological remains,
both above and below ground, requires protection from damaging
land use practices and intrusive development. Because of its
immense historical potential, the status of the area as a protected
site needs to be strictly adhered to.
Fig 11.39: Budhalinga and
Kedareswar Temple
222

Conservation
11
ii. Activities proposed are Son-et-luminiere show, Historical Theme

Park, Interpretation centre and museum within the Fort; fair ground,
cultural complex in the vicinity.
iii. Facilities and amenities for tourists and visitors need proper
planning and harmonious development. Large scale natural green
area required for protecting structures from pollution. The issue of
encroachment must be dealt effectively.
iv. Special guided tours for visitors and tourists who have a special
Fig 11.40: Quila Sahi Mosque
within the Barabati Fort
interest in archeology, architecture, art and culture of Orissa and

will be willing to contribute to conservation through high entry fees.
v. Special tours for school children to show the excavated
archeological sites.
vi. Temporary training camps and workshops for students of
archeology, art and architecture, as well as, conservation
specialists.
vii. Revival of the surrounding moat which will act as a buffer, as well
as, for boating as a recreational facility.
Fig 11.41: Moat around the
Barabati Fort
viii. Activities that are permitted beyond the protected area but within
200 m are amphitheatre, fair ground, heritage interpretation centre,
water front development.
11.8.2.3 Zone 7: Cantonment Old Cuttack
(Map 11.6) (Fig. 11.42, 11.43, 11.44, 11.45)
Preservation of townscape value and heritage structures. Regulation and
urban design guidelines for new construction. Proposed activities
Institutional and Govt. residential.
Fig 11.42: Colonial bungalows
of Cantonment, Old Cuttack
i. Preservation of Colonial Township needs an integrated physical

planning along with proper landscape and urban design guidelines.
ii. All historical structures, precincts, landmarks within cantonment are
to be enlisted, graded and suitable recommendations to be
formulated by the proposed Heritage Committee.
iii. Along with a Special Area Development Plan, special bye-laws and
regulations are to be formulated for the Cantonment Area by the
proposed BCUC Heritage Committee. To enhance the streetscape
quality, strict urban design guidelines and regulations must be
formulated and strictly adhered to.
Fig 11.43: Institutional building
in the Cantonment Area
iv. Development Controls specifying maximum coverage, set-back

regulations, FAR, building height and maximum number of floors
must be specified for any new construction.
223
11

Conservation
v. It is recommended that for the Cantonment Area, maximum

permissible height be 10 m, 0.4 FAR.
vi. Urban design guidelines like colour and finishes, material,
ornamentation, openings, roofline must also be prescribed
specially for some of the streets. e.g. Cantonment Road and Street
adjoining the areas.
vii. Sound maintenance policy along with grants and incentives for
colonial heritage preservation will promote preservation of the
existing built heritage and socio-cultural activities.
Fig 11.44: Christ Collegiate:
Institutional building in the

Cantonment Area
viii. Restoration and rehabilitation of unused or derelict heritage

structures to accommodate new activities like guest houses, club
houses, schools, institutes etc. to be allowed. In case of totally
derelict and unlisted structures, new construction/developments
may be allowed. New construction and/or addition alteration must
be approved by the Heritage Committee.
ix. There is a need for well organized guided tours to colonial
landmarks supported by well planned tourist facilities.
11.8.2.4 Zone 7: Judiciary Complex in Old Cuttack
(Map 11.7) (Fig. 11.46)
Fig 11.45: Stewart School:

Institutional building in the
Cantonment Area
i. Highest level public activities with high value built heritage and
socio cultural institutes.
ii. Preservation and augmentation of Townscape value.
iii. Urban design guidelines eg. colour and finishes, material,
ornamentation, openings, roofline must be prescribed . Restriction
on unsympathetic new construction. Any new construction,
addition, alteration must be approved by the Heritage Committee.
iv. Intrinsic morphology of the area must not be disrupted.
v. Identified precincts to be pedestrianised.
vi. Sound maintenance policy along with grants and incentives for
colonial heritage preservation will promote preservation of the
existing built heritage and institutional activities.
Fig 11.46: The High Court in
the very busy Old Cuttack

region
vii. Improvement and augmentation of facilities and amenities for the

users.
11.8.2.5 Promotion of Filigree Works

Filigree works employ a large number of local artisans and a unique
feature of Cuttack. The craft needs to be promoted through training and
workshops, organised marketing, incentives and modernisation. An area
in Bidanasi near Barabati Fort has been earmarked for Craft Village, as
well as, a Centre for promotion of filigree works at an international level.
224

Conservation
11
11.8.2.6 River Front Development along Mahanadi and Kathajodi

(Map 11.8) (Fig. 11.47, 11.48)
With scenic value of highest level and in need of environmental
protection, specific stretches of river front are delineated as special
zones. Activities proposed are city level open spaces, parks, fair ground,
recreational
areas,
cultural
complex,
commercial
development,
institutional areas, resorts, hotels and residential complex. Specific urban

design guidelines need to be formulated to develop the river banks into
Fig 11.47: Orissa State
Maritime Museum, Jobra
attractive zones.
Proposed Activity: Recreational and Cultural Hub at Gopalpur
The river front in Gopalpur is proposed to be developed as the
Recreational and Cultural hub for the entire CDPA as well as BCUC.
With proper connectivity and new activities that complement and support
the river front development, the proposed Recreational Hub is envisaged
to act as one of the major cultural and recreational complex. Some of the
activities proposed are Drama Academy, Fair Ground, Open Air Theatre,
and Parks.
Fig 11.48: Beautiful River front
All these special areas designated for river front development need to be
area along the Ring Road
developed according to specially formulated guidelines, Varying degree

of development controls is necessary to ensure a proper and attractive
river front. Along with a Special Area Development Plan, special bye-laws
and regulations are to be formulated for River Front development area by
the proposed BCUC Heritage Committee.
i. Priority for open space based water front related recreational
activities. Related commercial activities, specific institutional areas
and housing may be encouraged.
ii. Strict urban design guidelines and regulations must govern the
design to ensure a harmonious development. Development
Controls specifying maximum coverage, set back regulations, FAR,
building height and maximum number of floors must be specified.
iii. Urban design guidelines eg. Built form, colour and finishes,
material, ornamentation, openings, roofline must be prescribed.
iv. Restriction to be imposed on unsympathetic new construction. Any
new construction, addition, alteration must be approved by the
Heritage Committee.
v. All historical structures, tanks, precincts, as well as, significant
secular structures within River Front special areas are to be
enlisted, graded and suitable recommendations to be formulated
by the proposed Heritage Committee. .
vi. Scope for adaptive re-use of some underused precincts. for
meaningful activities
225
11

vii. Improvement and augmentation of facilities
Heritage and Tourism

-an integrated approach
and amenities
conducive to river front activities.

viii. The issue of encroachment and polluting activities must be dealt
effectively.
11.9 Heritage and Tourism - an integrated approach

A comprehensive heritage and tourism development plan is a
prerequisite for developing potential of heritage resources. Some of the
fundamental principles of such a development plan are:
i. Benefits to both conservation and tourism.
ii. Long term interests of the local people - living and working in
heritage areas should be the determining factor in selecting
options.
iii. A significant proportion of revenue earned from tourism be applied
for the benefit of conservation.
iv. Educational programmes and awareness campaigns to assist and
invite tourists and visitors to respect and understand the local way
of life, culture, history and religion.
Map 11.9A and 11.9B shows possible Heritage Trails that connect
heritage and cultural sites in various parts of CDPA.. Development of
necessary facilities for tourists and visitors along these routes at
appropriate locations need to be encouraged. Various modes of
operations (BOT, BOOT etc.) can facilitate resource generation and
quality improvement.
11.9.1 Heritage Trails:
Option 1:
Cuttack Railway Station Ravenshaw College Taldanda Parkway
Maritime Museum Barabati Haat Gada Gadia Temple Barabati FortCantonment Area Cuttack Chandi Temple Netajis Birth Place
Museum Judiciary Complex Utkal Ratna Bhumi Dhabaleswar
Temple Naraj.
Time: 1 Day
Option 2:
2A: Proposed Choudwar Bus stand Astha Shambhu Temple Complex
Charbatia Fort - Tribal Folk Art Training Centre.
Time: Day
226
Heritage and Tourism

-an integrated approach
11
2B: Cuttack Railway Station - Jobra Barrage Tribal Folk Art Training
Centre Astha Shambhu Temple Circuit - Charbatia Fort Yagneswari
Temple Dhabaleswar.
Time: 1 Day
The trails must be supported with necessary facilities, augmentation and
improvement of road network and water ways, transit nodes, signage and
trained guides.
11.9.2 Integrated movement network of heritage, tourism and
recreation (Map 11.10)
To promote economic development of the special heritage areas in a
healthy
and
sustainable
manner,
Connectivity
is
an
essential
prerequisite. Connectivity that will be convenient cost and time effective

as well a pleasurable one. For an enabling approach of heritage
conservation, it is necessary to explore the new opportunities arising out
the proposed movement network and to integrate that to archeological
and environmental conservation as mentioned below:
a) Road
network connecting all special Heritage zones with major
transport nodes ( airport , rail station, bus routes and proposed MRT)
ensuring a gradual transition of various modes of travel air/
railways/MRT luxury buses cars - boats/battery operated para-transit
- two wheelers pedestrian.
b) Recreational waterways connecting some of the heritage sites and
proposed facilities for tourists and pilgrims eg. moat around Barabati Fort,
may be explored .
Proper connectivity is important and must be designed in a holistic and
integrated manner. All transit points need special attention with regard to
provision of facilities, connectivity, awareness and publicity, signage
system as well as proper restrictions to enable smooth transition from
one mode to other. For convenience of visitors and local people as well
as for long term benefit, all places of recreation, proposed cultural
centres, museums, resorts and hotels, tourist and pilgrim facilities must
form an integral part of Heritage circuits/trails/walks and be strategically
located.
11.10 Heritage Management & Organisational Structure

Proposed Heritage Committee for BCUC will be working in an advisory
capacity for preservation and development of all the heritage zones. The
structure, role and functions of the Heritage Committee, have been
discussed at length in the Perspective Plan for BCUC.
227
11
Heritage Management &

Organisational Structure
Respective Development Authorities/municipalities as well as local

stakeholders, NGOs have significant role to play in successful
implementation of strategies proposed for Special Heritage Areas.
Formulations of special regulations to control or mediate development
within the heritage areas are a prerequisite for effective implementation
of
the
proposed
development
recommendations.
within
heritage
Special
areas,
including
regulations
new
for
all
construction,
demolition or modification to existing buildings around historic structures

or within historic precincts must be formulated by the BCUC Metro
Authority with the advise of Heritage Committee as per the provision
mentioned in Conservation of Heritage Buildings, Heritage Precincts and
Natural Features (section 54) of the Bhubaneswar Development
Authority (Planning & Building Standards) Regulations, 2008. Detail plans
must
be
prepared
by
respective
development
Authorities
and
Municipalities. It is necessary to prepare an inventory of built, cultural and

natural heritage resources of the special areas. The inventory must
include both protected and unprotected resources. Table 11.3 shows
cost estimate for promotion and preservation of heritage resources and
development of special areas in CDPA. Cost for most of the new
developments in special heritage areas is already covered in budget
allocation for Tourism, Recreation and Culture and hence not included in
this table. Estimates for projects those are specific for preservation of
heritage resources are only included. River Front Development is treated
as a separate item of budgetary allocation.
11.11 Conclusion
Appropriate policy guidelines and management of cultural and natural
heritage, can rejuvenate and revitalize the CDPA region and project
Cuttacks cultural identity. It can also promote tourism, boost local
economy and contribute a great sense of pride amongst the residents of
CDPA and become a touchstone for future development.
228
Environment & Disaster
Environment Profile of Cuttack
12.1
12
Environmental Profile of Cuttack
12.1.1 Air Environment

The quality of human life is associated with the quality of air we breathe.
The rising levels of various pollutants in the air environment generate
concern as it drastically reduces the quality of life in any habitat. The
available literature on air pollution studies of Cuttack reveals that the
quality of air is affected from different sources. Hence the quality of
ambient air deserves a systematic and scientific investigation. The
climate of Cuttack is greatly influenced by the Bay of Bengal, as it is
situated to the south of the Tropic of Cancer, in the coastal plains of
Orissa. The characteristics of its climate include hot summers, dry
winters, high humidity during the southwest monsoons, and low range of
temperature throughout the year. Summer is from April to May, winter
from December to March, rainy season is from June to September, with
monsoon from October to November. The maximum temperature
o
recorded goes up to 45-48 C with a minimum of 15.9 C. The average

annual rainfall of the city is about 1442 mm and the average humidity
reported was of 41%. Southwest monsoon brings rainfall due to cyclone.
Wind speed of the city area vary from 6.7-9.11 km/h with an average of
2.6 km/h.
12.1.1.1 The pollution level
The average concentration level of air pollution in respect of Suspended
Particulate Matter (SPM), Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM), Nitrogen
Oxide (NO X ), Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) and Carbon monoxide (CO) in 2005
was reported at few selected locations in Badambadi Chhak, Press
Chhak, CMC Chhak, and Kanika Chhak in a pre-monsoon season. It was
reported that SPM concentrations in all the four locations were exceeding
the prescribed standard (200 g/m ). The maximum concentration was at
3
Kanika Chhak (496.3 g/m ) and minimum (239.1 g/m ) at Press

3
Chhak. The RPM concentrations at two locations viz. Badambadi Chhak

and Kanika Chhak exceeded the prescribed standard limit of 100 g/m .
3
The maximum concentration was at Kanika Chhak (189.8 g/m )

3
whereas minimum value (83.3 g/m ) was reported at Press Chhak. The
3
maximum concentration of NO X was observed at Badambadi Chhak

(65.4 g/m ) whereas the minimum value (32.8 g/m ) was recorded at
3
S.C.B Chhak. Comparison of 24 hours average concentration of NO X

with National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for residential areas
(80.0 g/m ) revealed that NO X concentration at all the four locations
3
were well within the limits. The maximum concentration of SO 2 was

observed at Badambadi Chhak (65.4 g/m ) whereas the minimum value
3
(32.8 g/m ) was recorded at S.C.B Chhak. All these values were well
3
within the limit (80.0 g/m ). The maximum concentration of CO was

3
229
12
observed at Badambadi Chhak (0.037 g/m ) whereas the minimum

3
value (<0.001 g/m ) was recorded at S.C.B Chhak. These values of CO

3
are also within the limits (4.0 g/m ).

3
12.1.1.2 The noise environment

The ambient noise levels reported at specific locations of Cuttack for day
and night time in dB (A) is shown in Table 12.1. The average value in the
table represents the mean over 5-minute periods. Analysis of the data
indicate that in all the noise monitoring locations noise level exceeds both
the day time and night time standards.
Table 12.1: The reported Average Noise levels in
different areas of Cuttack and the permissible limits
Day Time (6 AM to 9 PM)

dB(A)
Night Time (9 PM to 6 AM)

dB(A)
Choudhury
Bazaar
78
70.4
Khannagar
76.5
71.5
Near High Court
76
70.2
Matagajpur
78
72.0
Badambadi
80.1
70.0
Matagajpur
58
52
75.5
70
66.0
63.3
75.5
70.2
Naraj
69.5
66
Chattra bazaar
82.5
82.1
Railway Station
75.2
72.4
Ranihat
72.5
60.5
Cantonment Road
80
67.3
Mangalabag
78
66.7
Darga Bazaar
75
63.3
Kanika Chhak
75
71.6
Link Road
Crossing
80
78.2
College Square
81
73
CMC More
83
75
Area/Location
Jobra
Deer Park (off Biju
Pattanaik Chhak)
Biju Pattanaik
Chhak
Permissible limits
Industrial
75
70
Commercial
65
55
Residential
55
45
Silent Zone
50
40
Source: Environment Assessment Report, Gheizi Eastern, 2005
230
12
12.1.1.3 Proposals
1. A detailed air quality analysis of the area is to be done to
identify the sources of air polluting units including the source
apportionment study for key pollutants, especially particulate
pollutants and NO X .
2. Automobile emissions should also be given importance as these
are sources of direct ground level pollution. The city should be
equipped with sufficient number of auto emission testing centers
where the petrol and diesel driven vehicles could be tested and
certified.
3. Necessary steps are to be initiated to provide a green belt
comprising thick vegetation of minimum 200m width around all
factories clustered in and around Cuttack. Industries are to be
directed to maintain stack heights above the inversion layer.
4. It is advisable to have greening of townships. Green belt
development and afforestation should be encouraged, which
may act as sink for air pollutants.
5. Target the particulate matter levels especially re-suspension of
road dust and soil dust. As far as possible convert the unpaved
pathways to paved pathways to minimize re-suspension of road
dust and associated particulate pollution levels.
6. Steps should be taken to control the use of loud speakers,
especially in residential areas. In no case are loud speakers to
be permitted after 10 p.m.
12.1.2 Water Environment

The quality of water has become an integral part of any sustainable water
supply system. Pollution of water resources has increased due to
population pressure, industrial and agricultural activities, to the point
where even human health is endangered. Water quality has many
dimensions, among which are dissolved oxygen (DO) that is critical to
aquatic life, suspended solids that cause turbidity, dissolved solids (salts)
that cause hardness and damage crops and piping systems, and many
natural and artificial chemical agents, some of which (like PCBs, mercury,
and DDT) are concentrated in the water based food chain and cause
toxic effects in fish and humans. As human health is directly linked to the
availability of water in sufficient quantity and quality, its preservation is
very much critical in imparting the required quality to human life.
12.1.2.1 Sources of Water
Surface Water
River water in the region is used for outdoor bathing, agriculture,
industrial cooling process, aquaculture etc. A comparison of the reported
characteristics of surface water from different parts of Cuttack as on May
231
12
2005 (Table 12.2), shows that the values are within the stated standard
values of Inland Surface Water (IS: 2296) Class E.
Table 12.2: Characteristics of surface water from different parts of Cuttack as on May 2005
Kathajodi
River,
Khannagar
Kathajodi
River,
Khannagar
(U/S)
Kathajodi
River,
Matagajpur
Mahanadi
River, CTO
Chhak
Mahanadi
River, Jobra
Mahanadi
River, Naraj
Barrage
Colourless
Colourless
Colourless
Colourless
Colourless
Colourless
Temperature ( C)
35
32.5
27
28
29.5
30.5
pH at 25 C
6.97
7.93
8.0
8.19
8.02
7.85
TSS (mg/l)
18.0
5.0
1.0
32.0
28.0
18.0
TDS (mg/l)
310
120
135
122
131
115
Total Alkalinity (mg/l)
110
70
100
95
100
110
Total Hardness (mg/l)

(as CaCO 3 )
120.9
72.54
80.6
72.54
76.57
68.51
DO (mg/l)
5.4
5.4
6.6
6.2
6.0
BOD (mg/l)
10.0
8.0
20.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
COD (mg/l)
29.0
16.0
40.0
9.0
6.0
5.0
Oil & Grease (mg/l)
3.28
2.78
1.92
0.895
0.882
1.91
Chloride (mg/l)
65.3
19.8
31.2
17.0
22.7
15.2
Parameters
Colour
0
Sulphate (mg/l)
7.1
5.1
5.1
6.2
5.9
3.9
Calcium (mg/l)
27.5
15.6
21.1
17.8
18.9
15.6
Magnesium (mg/l)
12.5
8.7
6.5
6.8
7.8
8.2
Fluoride (mg/l)
<0.003
<0.003
<0.003
<0.003
<0.003
<0.003
Selenium (mg/l)
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
Cyanide (mg/l)
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
Phenolic Compound
(mg/l)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
Arsenic (mg/l)
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
Iron (mg/l)
1.52
0.52
0.17
0.41
0.62
0.29
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
Manganese (mg/l)
0.83
0.39
0.01
0.18
0.31
0.22
Lead (mg/l)
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
Chromium (mg/l)
<0.008
<0.008
<0.008
<0.008
<0.008
<0.008
0.17
0.18
0.24
0.25
0.31
0.19
Nickel (mg/l)
<0.006
<0.006
<0.006
<0.006
<0.006
<0.006
Cadmium (mg/l)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
Mercury (mg/l)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
Sodium (mg/l)
38.7
15.8
29.8
21.3
26.3
27.8
Potassium (mg/l)
5.3
1.5
3.7
2.3
3.2
2.5
Nitrate (mg/l)
0.1
0.042
0.047
0.02
0.03
0.05
Silver (mg/l)
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
Copper (mg/l)
Zinc (mg/l)
Ground Water
The analysis of ground water samples were collected from tube wells
fitted with hand pump and one from dug well at different locations of the
232
12
area in 2004 are shown in Table 12.3. It appears that the physical
parameters of the ground water samples are within the permissible limits
of Bureau of Indian Standards, BIS: 10500 (1991). As shown, the
concentration of iron is increasing in ground water in most of the
locations. However, the other heavy metals, and other geogenic
pollutants like fluoride and arsenic are reported well within the
permissible limits. The ground water sample of dug well from Khannagar
is contaminated with both total and faecal coliform and can not be
recommended for drinking purpose.
Table 12.3: Characteristics of ground water in tube wells
and dug wells from different parts of Cuttack as on 2004
Khannagar
(Dug Well)
Matagajpur
(Tube Well)
Ring Road,
Mangalabag
(Tube Well)
Biju
Pattanaik
Chhak
(Tube Well)
Naraj
(Tube
Well)
College
Square
(Tube Well)
Colourless
Colourless
Colourless
Colourless
Colourless
Colourless
28
27.5
29
26
28
28.5
NS
pH at 25(oC)
6.85
7.56
8.02
7.93
8.25
7.27
6.5-8.5
TSS (mg/l)
11.0
1.0
5.0
10.0
2.0
1.0
NS
TDS (mg/l)
390
131
167
181
129
302
500
Total Alkalinity (mg/l)

Total Hardness (mg/l)
(as CaCO 3 )
BOD (mg/l)
190
90
100
125
100
155
200
161.2
88.6
85.5
100.75
80.6
120.9
300
1.2
1.4
0.8
1.8
1.4
1.6
NS
5.0
3.0
5.0
3.0
2.0
2.0
NS
Oil & Grease (mg/l)
<0.15
<0.15
<0.15
<0.15
<0.15
<0.15
Chloride (mg/l)
57.0
22.7
19.8
17.0
18.5
39.8
250
Sulphate (mg/l)
27.6
6.0
2.0
2.9
3.2
10.2
200
Calcium (mg/l)
38.9
25.3
25.9
27.5
22.7
32.4
75
Parameters
Colour
Temperature (oC)
COD (mg/l)
Magnesium (mg/l)
Fluoride (mg/l)
Desirable
Limit
15.6
6.8
5.8
7.8
5.8
9.7
30
<0.003
<0.003
<0.003
<0.003
<0.003
<0.003
1.0
Selenium (mg/l)
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.01
Cyanide (mg/l)
Phenolic Compound
(mg/l)
Arsenic (mg/l)
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
0.05
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
0.001
0.05
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
Iron (mg/l)
0.35
0.23
0.52
0.41
0.44
0.47
0.3
Copper (mg/l)
0.09
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
0.15
0.07
0.05
Manganese (mg/l)
0.22
0.10
0.41
0.23
0.32
0.22
0.1
Lead (mg/l)
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.05
Chromium (mg/l)
<0.008
<0.008
<0.008
<0.008
<0.008
<0.008
0.05
0.19
0.17
0.57
0.52
0.21
0.16
Nickel (mg/l)
<0.006
<0.006
<0.006
<0.006
<0.006
<0.006
NS
Cadmium (mg/l)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
0.01
Mercury (mg/l)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
0.001
Sodium (mg/l)
42.8
16.3
17.8
18.3
20.5
22.3
NS
Potassium (mg/l)
5.8
2.1
2.0
2.3
2.5
2.6
NS
0.079
0.056
0.104
0.073
0.037
0.095
45
60
10
10
Nil
Zinc (mg/l)
Nitrate (mg/l)
Total Coliform
(MPN/100ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MPN/100ml)
233
12
12.1.2.2 Proposals
1.
Available literature suggests that the water quality in Mahanadi

and Kathajori shows a decreasing trend with lower quality levels
at some points. Since the waste loads from Drain No.1 and 2
ultimately finds its way to these rivers, in general, care should
be taken to see that the river is not polluted much above its
carrying capacity.
2. In areas where septic tanks are available, it should be followed

by soak pits. Permitting the leachate to flow through the open
drains without passing it into soak pits will invite serious surface
water pollution and may aid in the out break of water borne
diseases. The construction of soak pits of enough capacity
along with septic tank is to be made mandatory.
3. The minimum clearance prescribed should be maintained
between wells and septic tanks or soak pits. The application for
building permits should contain all these information and should
be made mandatory. The residents are to be advised against
the improper construction and management of septic tanks and
soak
pits
which
will
ultimately
lead
to
ground
water
contamination and out break of water borne diseases.

4. The open defecation in the rural and semi-urban areas may
contribute to the surface water or well-water pollution. So,
necessary steps may be initiated to construct low cost
community latrines in these areas, especially in slums to solve
this problem.
234
12.2
12
The Cuttack Development Plan Area has been prone to both natural and
man-made disasters. Natural disaster like wind hazard is a regular
feature in the area since 1965, but cyclone is less frequently observed.
Also, the CDPA comes under Very High Damage Risk Zone- B, where
the speed goes up to 50 m/s.
The CDPA is also vulnerable to earthquakes. It comes under Moderate
Damage Risk Zone- MSK VII of Earthquake.
Though most of the areas are protected with embankment, the CDPA
has threats of floods in some of the areas.
Fig. 12
Haz
It is therefore necessary, to reduce the consequences of natural disasters

through Planning and subsequently preparing a list of guidelines for the
major urban communities so that the local capacity is strengthened and
they are prepared to respond to natural disasters.
12.2.1 Vulnerability Issues in CDPA

Cuttack falls under Moderate Damage Risk Zone (MSK VII), as stated in
the Vulnerability Atlas of India 1997. Cuttack being an old city has many
old and dilapidated buildings which are more vulnerable to earthquake
and fire. Most of the buildings in the main city are co-joined thereby
increasing the vulnerability in case of earthquake and fire.
Fig. 12
Zones i
Fig 12.1: Electric Transformer

and Post near Petrol Pump
Fig 12.2: Narrow lanes with

houses joined to each other
without setbacks increases the
vulnerability during fire
High Risk
Moderate
Risk
Low Risk
Source: SEEDS
Fig 12.3: Municipal Map of Cuttack indicating

Earthquake and Fire
235
12
Ward nos. 29, 25, 31, 39, 30, 16,15, 24, 23,19, 17, 18, 13, 14, 07 and 05
of Cuttack Municipal Corporation are all congested areas with no open
spaces and marked with narrow roads, all increasing the vulnerability to
fire. Ward no. 39 houses the HP Easter Zone Oil Depot which has the
potential to blow up, causing devastation upto ward no 40, 36, 35, 32, 31
and 34, as stated by the stakeholders (Fig 12.3).
12.2.1.2
Flood and cyclone
Cuttack city falls under Very High Damage Risk Zone B (50mtrs /sec)
according to the Vulnerability Atlas of India 1997.
The wind speed
generally reaches upto 120 kms/hour causing damage to the large

number of hutments in the city. The scale of devastation during these
cyclonic storms is often magnified due to improper planning and the
haphazard growth of the city. Due to the saucer-like land profile of the
city, most of the areas remain inundated in flood water during monsoons.
Ward No. 2, 3, 9, 14, 17, 20, 26, 33, 40, 43 are especially prone to water
logging due to the low-lying nature of the land. In the newly expanded
Fig. 12.4: Slums encroached

on low-lying areas of Cuttack
areas there is almost no proper drainage system. Inside the city, due to
its topographical position, storm/waste water has become a major
concern. The century old storm water drainage systems which presently
act as sewerage system, and are inadequate, also intensify the
magnitude of the problem. Since it rains for almost three months in a
year, most of the areas in the city face flood problems during the rainy
season. This city is considered as the highest flood prone city of Orissa.
The city being located on the lower basin of river Mahanadi gets flooded
even if it rains in the upper basin of the river Fig 12.4.
High Risk
Moderate
Risk
Low Risk
Source: SEEDS
Fig. 12.5: Municipal Map of Cuttack indicating Flood

and Cyclone
236
12
Also, Cuttack being nearer to the sea is highly vulnerable to cyclone. To

add to this, the houses being joined to each other with narrow lanes form
wind tunnels, thereby making the wind cause more destruction. There are
also many slums mostly located along these low lying areas which face
the worst problem during rains.
12.2.1.3 Environment and Public health
The city has around 1 lakh of floating population each day. The higher
rate of population growth as compared to the increase in urban land has
led to the increase in daytime population density per sq. km. This is the
prime cause of degradation of the urban environment of Cuttack. The
unplanned, unrestricted urban sprawl along the narrow lanes and
pathways, without any firm land use policy has added to the Urban
Environment Degradation. Lack of civic amenities in densely populated
Fig 12.6: Open dumping near
roadsides in Cuttack
residential areas, unsanitary conditions and narrow winding streets have

further aggravated the conditions. This is more prominent during the rains
when most of the streets are flooded and many low-lying areas remain
submerged for several days. The problem is accentuated as the
underground drainage system is yet to be active and the entire sewerage
is discharged through open drains. Open dump yards are yet another
menace to the environment. The city dump yard, although located far
from the town is not far enough and still affects the sanitation of the city.
There are lakes and canals covered with weeds and the worst part is that
there are slums all along these ponds and canals. The dust laden winds
from the dry exposed sandy bed of Kathajodi are an additional cause of
air pollution, especially during the summers Fig 12.6.
High Risk
Moderate
Risk
Low Risk
Source: SEEDS
Fig. 12.7: Municipal Map of Cuttack indicating Health

and Environment
237
12
12.2.1.4 Traffic Congestion

Cuttack, being mostly an old, overgrown village, the roads are very
narrow and winding, suitable only for smaller vehicles. Thus, narrow
roads with heavy traffic are the major concern of the city. Areas like
Badambadi, Ranihat, Mangalabag, Baxi Bazaar, Link road, Satichoura,
Bajrakabati, Chandni Chowk, Chandi Chhak, College Square, Mastana
Durgah are the areas where there is more traffic congestion and traffic
jam has become a chronic problem. No one-way system of movement
has yet been implemented to simplify this problem. To add to this, there
are several illegal encroachments and temporary stalls along the road
Fig. 12.8: Open drains near

roadsides in Cuttack
sides by the hawkers and also by the shop owners further decreasing the
width of the road.
In absence of space availability for parking in the city, incidence of onroad parking is found everywhere, adding to the woe of traffic. Around
1770 buses fly everyday to Cuttack from different areas. The main bus
stand is located in the heart of the city - in Badambadi. Also, Cuttack
being a commercial trade center for the entire state of Orissa, there is
heavy inflow of goods vehicles. Further, in absence of any parking place
in the city, even the buses and the trucks are parked along the road
shortening the area available for maneuvering Fig12.10.
Fig. 12.9: A busy road in

Cuttack
Fig. 12.10: A typical narrow

road in Cuttack
High Risk
Moderate
Risk
Low Risk
Source: SEEDS
Fig. 12.11: Municipal Map of Cuttack indicating

Narrow Roads and Traffic Congestion
238
12
12.2.2 Summary of Findings

12.2.2.1 Cyclone and Flood
1. To combat flooding, there is a general tendency for making all
new construction with high plinth - created out of soil excavation
from nearby areas, thereby forming random low lying areas in
the Urban Centers.
2. Reclamation of water bodies for the purpose of building
construction is enhancing the risk flooding in future.
3. Most of the areas along the natural drains and engineered
drains are occupied by the slum dwellers who put up their
hutments and often carry out their livelihood activities thereby
increasing the vulnerability for natural disaster.
12.2.2.2
Earthquake and Fire
1. Town core areas having high densities are marked with very old
and unsafe buildings, thereby increasing the risk of earthquake
and fire causalities.
2. The new construction taking place does not adhere to the norms
of seismic-safe or cyclone-resistant construction, increasing the
risk.
3. Due to urbanization, there is sprawl of slums in most of the
urban centers.
These structures are mostly thatched and
unengineered, increasing their succeptibility to earthquake and

fire.
4. Except for bigger cities like Bhubaneswar and Cuttack, most of
the fire brigades have an outreach of only G+2, increasing the
risk of taller buildings in other areas. Moreover, the high rise
buildings do not have proper space for the MFEs or the
provision of hydrant systems.
12.2.3 State Initiative and Objectives

The Orissa State Disaster Mitigation Authority (OSDMA) was set up on
28 December 1999 as the first disaster management authority in the
country. The main objectives of OSDMA are:
To act as the nodal agency for disaster reconstruction works.
To
coordinate
with
the
line
departments
involved
in
reconstruction.
To coordinate with bilateral and multi-lateral aid agencies.
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12
Proposals for Disaster Mitigation
To coordinate with UN Agencies, international, national, and

state-level NGOs.
To promote disaster preparedness at all levels in the state,
To network with similar and relevant organizations for disaster

management, and
To prepare suitable guidelines for disaster mitigation.
12.2.4 Factors Enhancing Vulnerability

Major natural disasters to which CDPA region is prone are cyclones,
earthquakes and flood. Lack of awareness of vulnerability and risk is a
major factor for enhancement of vulnerability in case of a disaster. Some
of the important factors are listed in Table 12.4.
Table 12.4: Factors Enhancing Vulnerability
Categories
Description
Flood
Cyclone
Earthquake
80% of the annual rainfall is concentrated over a short monsoon period of 3 months
Coastal plains are flat and the slopes in the inlands are precipitous leading to heavy siltation, flash
floods and poor discharge of flood waters into the sea and thus the embankments are breached
with alarming frequency
Flood is often synchronized with high tide
High encroachment in the flood plains / natural drains
Poor infrastructure and weak houses
Poor drainage systems in the cities
East coast of India is one of the six most cyclone prone areas in the world
20%of all severe cyclone landfalls on eastern coast have hit Orissa
Poor socio-economic conditions
Weak housing and poor quality of infrastructure or lack of it
Non adherence to building norms and lack of awareness regarding the same
Depletion of mangroves and trees shelter belts
Moderately high seismicity in major parts of Orissa

Haphazard growth of urban centres
Weak infrastructure and housing
12.2.5 Proposals for Disaster Mitigation

As natural disasters cannot be prevented, appropriate mitigation
measures need to be taken to reduce the extent of damage, destruction
and human suffering.
12.2.5.1 Earthquake
Earthquake occurs due to movements along faults that have evolved
through geologic and tectonic processes. Often they are unpredictable.
Among all natural calamities, earthquakes are most disastrous since their
240
12
impact can cover large areas causing loss of human and built structures
on massive scale. Some of the proposals for earthquake disaster
mitigation are:
1. The soil in Cuttack zone is alluvial deposits predominantly sandy
with different clayey pockets inside the city. This alluvial ground
is not very suitable for large structures having very low bearing
capacity (1 ton/ sq ft). Mostly the levees are sandy soils whereas
the back swamps are of clayey soils. For instance, the area near
Kuakhai-Daya flood plain is mostly alluvial in nature not suitable
for large construction.
2. Basement slab, if any, for all buildings should be properly
reinforced to combat up-thrust due to change in water table
during rainy seasons.
3. Real-time information updates in GIS support better decision
making and improve earthquake management. Creating an
urban inventory, thematic maps and queries will also help identify
CDPAs most vulnerable areas and "what-if" scenarios and help
in planning mitigation measures such as retrofitting and
relocation.
4. Open spaces, if any, in urban areas such as parks, green tracts
and roads, have important functions in disaster prevention.
Efforts to secure such open spaces should give top priority to
areas where they are lacking.
Development of a Disaster-Proof Living Zone

1. To build firebreaks which make up disaster-resistant urban
areas, improve roads, parks, rivers, etc., and promote fireproof
measures for areas along roads.
2. Projects for creating disaster-resistant living zones being roughly
the size of an elementary or junior high school district, which are
surrounded by firebreaks, should be carried out first in those
areas where the risk is greater, which need guidance and
subsidies should be provided.
3. Within each disaster-proof living zone, make use of the district
planning system to better public squares and minor roads and to
improve the living environment and its capacity to fend off
disasters.
12.2.5.2 Cyclone
A tropical cyclone is a meteorological term for a storm system
characterized by a low pressure system center and thunderstorms that
produces strong wind and flooding rain. A tropical cyclone feeds on the
241
12
heat released when moist air rises and the water vapour it contains
condenses. They are fueled by a heat mechanism leading to their
classification as "warm core" storm systems. CDPA region experienced a
disastrous cyclone in the year 1999 which is called Super Cyclone. It
left a deep impact on the minds of the State Government and the general
public for the need of Disaster Mitigation Measures. Some of the
proposals for Cyclone Disaster Mitigation are:
1. A thick plantation belt of 0.5 km to be created all along the
riverfront border, near Nimapur and Sikharpur of the CDPA
region.
2. Adopt strict enforcement on illegal cutting of forests and
protection of existing forest reserve.
3. Building byelaws to be suitably modified as per the guidelines of
the National Disaster Management Authority.
4. In some special cases, these byelaws may be suitably amended
as per the judgment of the architect to avoid tunneling effect
between buildings while designing a cluster of buildings.
5. Recreating the forest resources within the designated forest
areas through the following measures:
i. Re-densification of forest.
ii. Afforestation of the denuded forest land.
iii. Restoration of forest land and afforestation.
iv. Identification of open Govt. / vested lands and temporary
afforestation for revenue generation.
12.2.5.3 Flood
Flooding is caused by inadequate capacity within the banks of the river to
contain the high flow brought down from the upper catchments due to
heavy rainfall. It is also caused by accumulation of water resulting from
heavy spells of rainfall over areas which have poor drainage
characteristics. Major rivers such as Mahanadi, Kathajodi, Birupa,
Kuakhai and its tributaries pass through the CDPA planning area.
The various measures adopted for flood mitigation may be categorized
into two groups:
Structural
Non- structural
The general approach is aimed at preventing floodwaters from reaching

the potential damage centers, as a result of which a large number of
embankments should be constructed along the various flood prone rivers.
The main thrust of the flood protection programme to be undertaken in
future in the form of structural measures may be grouped into the
following:
242
12
i. Dams and Reservoirs

ii. Embankments
iii. Natural detention basin
iv. Channel improvement
v. Drainage improvement
vi. Diversion of floodwaters
The non-structural measures, on the other hand, aiming at modifying the
susceptibility to flood damage as included in the plan are:
Modifying the susceptibility to flood damages through:
Flood plain management.
Flood proofing including disaster preparedness, and response

planning and
Flood forecasting and Warning.
Some of the suggested broad guidelines for flood mitigation in CDPA

region are:
1. Rainwater harvesting is to be made mandatory for all buildings
with more than 200 sqm. roof area while awarding sanction of
building plan.
2. Storm water harvesting has to be carried out to utilize the excess
water through creation of lakes and water bodies that would
facilitate irrigation and put less pressure on the drainage
systems in post flood situations.
3. Storm water drainage for the city as well as for individual
premises must be properly designed.
4. In flood prone areas, buildings should preferably be designed on
stilts leaving ground space free of any important activities, with
no basement.
5. A regional plan approach is to be followed for evolving the
policies in regulating the carrying capacity of the river channels
and retention capacity of the river valleys.
6. The vulnerable areas susceptible to annual flooding should be
earmarked as the catchments detention areas. During the off
flooding period the stagnant water is to be drained off to the
nearby water channels with preliminary treatment.
7. Mapping of yearly flood pattern to be recorded by Irrigation
Department.
8. It should be mandatory to submit a proper geotechnical soil
report along with structural design for all building proposals for
sanction.
243
12
244
Development Management and Finance

Introduction
13.1
13
Introduction
It is an established fact that all plans, however relevant and useful they
may be, fall apart if the right kind of organisational arrangement and
necessary finances are not put in place for implementation of the plans.
Implementation of Perspective Plan for Cuttack Development Plan Area
(CDPA) would entail establishment of new infrastructure and upgradation
of existing ones. Projects that include new construction, as well as, major
improvement of existing roads and interchanges, installation or
replacement of infrastructure (water, sewer, storm drainage, electrical,
telephone)
networks,
re-development
of
slum
areas
including
construction of large number of residential units for the growing

population, provision of new industrial sites, regional and local
commercial complexes, transport terminals, entertainment complexes,
tourism facilities, provision of open spaces and solid waste management,
fire services etc, shall need to be implemented and then managed
properly for delivering services to beneficiaries.
The sources of funding available to existing major development agencies
such as Cuttack Development Authority (CDA), Cuttack Municipal
Corporation (CMC), Choudwar Municipality and the Panchayat Samitis
have been looked into and their performances evaluated. The new roles
of the urban local bodies in the context of urban governance have also
been evaluated.
The details of the existing situations of the various Urban Developmental
bodies namely, CDA, CMC, Choudwar Municipality and CDA Rural; their
institutional structures along with the financial and functional and
legislative structures are in the Status Report.
13.2
13.2.1
UIDSSMT Scheme for Cuttack City
Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small & Medium Towns

(UIDSSMT) is funded by the Central and State Govt. for the Cuttack City
during 2005-06. It ranges to a period of 7 years. The main objectives of
the scheme are:
Improve infrastructural facilities and help to create durable assets

and quality oriented service.
Enhance
public-private
partnership
in
infrastructural
development.
Promote planned integrated development of Cuttack City.
245
13
The scheme will be implemented for urban infrastructural development

projects and will cover the following areas:
Re-development of old city roads.
Water supply and sanitation.
Sewerage and Solid Waste Management.
Construction & Improvement of drains.
Construction/Upgradation of roads & highways.
Parking lots on public-private partnership basis.
Development of heritage areas.
Preservation of water bodies.
The scheme will not be covered for the following items:
Power and Telecommunication Works.
Rolling Stock like buses and trains.
Health and Educational Institutions.
Urban Transport (MRTS, LRTS, etc.)
Wage Employment Programme and Staff Component
Maintenance.
Keeping the above objectives of the scheme in view and after discussion
with the different lines Departments of Cuttack City such as CDA, PHED,
PWD
(R&B),
Water
Resources
Department,
the
Planning
and
Development Standing Committee of Cuttack Municipality Corporation

recommended a list of projects with an approximate estimated out lay of
Rs.901.56 crores for sanction under UIDSSMT Scheme for Cuttack City
(Table 13.1).
Table 13.1: Projects recommended under UIDSSMT Scheme for
Cuttack City
Sl.
No
1.
2.
Name of the Project

Construction and Improvement of Storm
Water Drains (Channel) I & II of Cuttack
City
Improvement of Cuttack City internal
roads, construction of sub-ways &
flyovers.
Name of the
Department
Estimated Cost
(in crores)
CMC (H&U.D
Dept.)
100.00
Cuttack R &
B Division,
Works Dept.
100.00
Mahanadi
South
Division,
Cuttack
Water
Resources
Dept.
47.70
Improvement of existing Ring Road on

Mahanadi & Kathajodi embankments.
Extension of Ring Road from Press
3.
Chhak to Matagajapur & bridge on

Taldanda Main Canal.
Extension of Ring Road on Mahanadi
Capital Embankment from Sikharpur to
Gatiroutpatana with bank protection.
Improvement of Taldanda Canal from
Jobra to Barabati & Matrubhawan
Sluice.
Modernisation of all sluice gates.
Continued
246
4.
5.
6.
7.
Improvement of roads in Abhinab

Bidanasi, Cuttack
Construction of Truck Terminus at
Jagatpur
Construction of 1000 DUs for
rehabilitation of slum dwellers along the
Ring Road (phase I)
Construction and improvement of
internal roads & drains of Ward No:
1,2,41,42,46,47 & 48 of CMC
CDA(H&U.D
Dept.)
CDA(H&U.D
Dept.)
17.06
14.00
CMC (H&U.D
Dept.)
12.30
CMC (H&U.D
Dept.)
20.00
8.
Construction of Fly over Bridge from

Pravat Cinema Hall to NH-5
CMC (H&U.D
Dept.)
100.00
9.
Improvement of water supply system of

Cuttack City
Cuttack P.H
Div. No.1,
H&U.D Dept
282.70
10.
Construction of drainage system of

Mahanadi Vihar Area
CMC (H&U.D
Dept.)
1.50
11.
Construction of drainage system of

Chahata Nagar to Kanika Chhak
CMC (H&U.D
Dept.)
2.50
CMC (H&U.D
Dept.)
15.00
CMC (H&U.D
Dept.)
25.00
12.
13.
Construction of 1000 DUs for

rehabilitation of slum dwellers along the
bank of Taldanda Canal (phase II)
Preservation and development of water
bodies of river Mahanadi towards right
embankment of the river
14.
Construction and improvement of all

BSWC of Cuttack City
CMC (H&U.D
Dept.)
50.00
15.
Development of Heritage Buildings of

Cuttack City
CMC (H&U.D
Dept.)
5.00
16.
Modernisation of Solid Waste

Management System of Cuttack City
CMC (H&U.D
Dept.)
108.80
Total
13
901.56
However, the Government of India, Ministry of Urban Development has

released an Additional Central Assistance (ACA) amounting to
Rs.5607.78 lakhs for Urban Infrastructure development under UIDSSMT
th
Scheme for Cuttack City vid the office memorandum dated: 30 March
2007 as shown in the Table 13.2.
Table 13.2: Projects approved by Govt. of India under UIDSSMT
Scheme for CMC (for the year 2006-07) (costs in lakhs)
Sl.
No
1.
2.
Name of the Project
Repair and
Renovation of Roads
of Cuttack City
Repair and
Renovation of Water
bodies of Cuttack City
Total
Cost of the
project
approved by
the SLSC
Eligible
Additional
Central
Assistance
(Central Share)
First
Installment @
25% of the
Central share
to be released
Incentive @
1.5% for DPR
Preparation
Total funds (1st

installments+
incentive to be
released)
5074.12
4059.30
1014.85
76.11
1090.96
533.66
426.93
106.73
8.00
114.73
5607.78
4487.23
1121.58
84.11
1205.69
247
13

13.2.2
Identified development projects translating Perspective

Plan VISION 2030 by CDA
A tentative scheme identified for CDA and the concerned Government

Departments with reference to the VISION 2030 proposals submitted
within the Perspective Plan for BCUC Urban Complex (Table 13.3).
Table 13.3: Projects identified to be developed in CDPA Area within 2030
Planning
Zone
Name of the Project

Shifting of Wholesale activities.
Nirgundi
Development of Transportation hub.

Development of Large scale oil distribution centre.
Chhatisa
CDA, Revenue Dept., Tourism &

Sports Dept.
Development of Low & Medium scale industries.

Housing including Industrial housing.
Large scale housing to accommodate future housing demand.

Extension of small & medium scale industries in Jagatpur Industrial
Area.
Extension of Bidanasi Housing Project, CDA.
Development of Shopping Mall.
Development of water sport activities.
Bidanasi
Development of Institutional campuses at Naraj
Development of Housing at Naraj.
Development of Bus Terminus
Shifting of Wholesale activities from Malgodown and Choudhury
Bazaar Area.
Development of fly over from Pravat Cinema to Samrat Cinema
Old Cuttack
Development of slums
Development of Balijatra Ground
Housing & Recreational Project at Hadiapata
Development of Plotted scheme for housing Project
Excavation & renovation of Taldanda Canal
Development of world class railway station

Development of Farm Housing Project
Gopalpur
248
CDA, Police, IOC
Development of Amusement park & water sport activities.
Development of IT Park.
Barang
State Transport Dept., N.H
CDA, Paradeep Port Trust, Police
Choudwar
Sikharpur
CMC, CDA, Police
Transshipment facilities.
Development of Textile Park.
Nimapur
Name of the Department
Development of Institutional Office Complex

Development of Shopping Malls
Development of Medical & research centre
Revenue, Textile Dept., IDCO

Revenue, Science & Technology
Dept., ASI
Revenue & Industry Dept., IDCO
Revenue & Industry Dept., IDCO,
CDA, OSHB
Revenue Dept., CDA, OSHB,
Nationalised & private banks
Revenue & Industry Dept., IDCO
Revenue Dept., CDA
Revenue Dept., CDA
Revenue Dept., Tourism & Sports
Dept.
Revenue Dept., Higher Education
Revenue Dept., CDA
Revenue Dept., CDA
Revenue, Works & Finance Dept.,
CDA, CMC, Police
Revenue, Works & Finance Dept.,
CMC
Revenue Dept., CMC, OSHB
Revenue Dept., CMC
Revenue & Tourism Dept., CDA
Revenue Dept., CDA
Revenue Dept. & Water Resource
Dept.
State Transport Dept., East Coast
Railway
Revenue Dept., CDA
Revenue Dept., CDA
Revenue Dept., CDA
Revenue Dept., CDA
13.2.3
13
Achievements of CDA for the year 2007-08
The Cuttack Development Authority has undertaken development within

different planning zones of the CDPA Area. The achievements within the
year 2007-08 have been summarized in the Table 13.4.
Table 13.4: Projects achieved by CDA within the year 2007-08
Schemes
Schemes
implement
ed during
2007-08
Achieveme
nts in the
year 20008
Estimated Cost
(in crores)
Name of the Project

Development of Duplex Housing Schemes
in Sector-9, Bidanasi over an area of 5.77
acres.
Improvement, beautification & development
of Biju Pattnaik Park at Sector-12
Plotted Development Scheme at Sector-13,
Bidanasi
1.00
60.86
10.03
Plotted Development Scheme at Sector-13

Plotted Development Scheme at Sector6,7,8,9,10 & 11
Commercial Plots
Shopping Complex
5.83
9.47
0.57
Total
87.86
13.3
There
are
three
essential
elements
in
any
successful
plan
implementation strategies, i.e.

a) Clearly identified set of projects
b) Adequate sources of finances for the required investment
c) A flexible, pragmatic and responsive approach to management of
development process.
13.3.1
Projectisation and Packaging the Projects
The plan proposals are statements of intention, or at best, a guiding

framework which need to be translated into a set of implementable
projects.
Then the projects shall need to be prioritised, suitably
packaged and the phasing of implementation determined.
13.4 Organisational and Institutional Profile

The establishment of appropriate organisational/institutional set up along
with procedural layout is as important as finances. The set of
organisation/institution would need to work in a coordinated manner so
that the proposed initiatives from project conception, formulation,
financing, execution and operation and maintenance through the project
lives can happen as conceived or visualised.
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13
Organisational and Institutional

Profile
The concerned agencies in the Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA)

will be Cuttack Development Authority (CDA), Cuttack Municipal
Corporation (CMC), Choudwar Municipality and CDA Rural i.e.
Panchayat Samitis.
The necessity on convergence of planning and development initiatives,
particularly those identified in the Perspective Plan, is of immense
importance. Observations on some of the relevant issues concerning
urban management are discussed below.
13.4.1 Inter-Agency Coordination
Coordination among various agencies for providing infrastructure and
services in the urban areas requires consideration on priority. Execution
has to be done in a planned and coordinated manner. There is an evident
need to re-strategise and streamline the responsibility of the functions of
the participating agencies. Many programmes have suffered serious
setback due to lack of adequate communication, commitment, cooperation and co-ordination between different agencies and department
within. Greater participation of the citizen and other stakeholders must
generate better partnership. Partnership should go beyond mere
participation in emphasising collaborative activities among interested
groups, based on mutual recognition of respective strength and
weaknesses.
13.4.2 Creation of a Single Coordinated Body (BCUC Metro
Authority)
There is no single organisation or body really accountable for entire
BCUC area. It is proposed to create a single body, i.e., BCUC Metro
Authority encompassing both BDA and CDA areas. The Chief Minister
(CM) should play the key role as chairman of the BCUC Metro Authority.
The CM should lead the Steering Committee consisting of key ministers,
mayors, chairman of the municipalities and other local functionaries.
This authority will need a managing director. Creating a minister of BCUC
as well as a separate department should be explored. However this
should not create bureaucratic hurdle with farther delays and transaction
cost. The key functions such as urban development and housing should
be carved out of the respective departments and consolidated under the
aegis of the minister for BCUC in addition BDA, CDA and other functional
agencies should report to the minister.
13.4.3 Establishment of a Special Purpose Company (SPC) to
Implement the Plan
The task being implementation of a dynamic plan, demands a wide range
of technical, financial and management skills to be successful, it may be
preferable that to establish a Special Purpose Company (SPC) to
250
Organisational and Institutional

Profile
13
implement the plan or to contract out services needed rather than to hire
in-house staff.
It could be setting up of a joint venture company between the
Government and the Private Entrepreneurs, financial institutions like
HUDCO etc, on the basis of equity distribution as may be mutually
agreed upon. This could also be a company on the CIDCO model.
In order to expedite development and attract developers, following may
be provided:
i. A bankable risk sharing mechanism
ii. Mortgage leasehold rights
iii. Exempt first sale on transfer from payment of Stamp Duty or
Registration fees
iv. Exempt all inputs from sales tax during construction
13.4.4
Involvement of Private Sectors
In addition to all the government agencies, the States corporates and the
private sector will need to play an active role in taking CDPA forward. To
begin with, it is recommended that 2-3 Corporate CEOs and heads of
NGOs be appointed to the Empowered Committee.
Following areas need immediate private sector involvement for achieving
the required momentum:
i. Advocacy: Seminars and reports on local issues and press
conferences to spread awareness.
ii. Funding: Advertisements (bus shelters, public toilets, roads, street
lights and donations or sponsorship for key projects
iii. Infrastructure creation: Visible business models for roads, parks
and gardens, public toilets and slum rehabilitation. .
iv. Management resources: High caliber management talent on
secondment of Government and other non profiting agencies and
task forces for specific business related initiatives (eg. Land
issues).
v. Independent project: Venture capital funding and image marketing.
13.5 Urban Governance

Both in India and in Orissa, the Panchayati Raj Institutions [PRIs] and
Urban Local Bodies [ULBs] are institutional forms representing
decentralised planning, accompanied by the devolution of power and
peoples participation. The process of building institutions at local level in
Orissa attained its peak only after 1985 when the Government decided to
revitalise the Local Self Government. The 74th CAA, 1992, of the GOI
has imparted constitutional status on the ULBs and has assigned
appropriate functions to them. A constitutional basis is given to the
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13
Urban Governance
relationship of the ULBs with the state Government with respect to their
functions
and
powers,
ensuring
timely
and
regular
elections,
arrangements for revenue sharing etc. ULBs are given additional powers
including preparation of local development plans, programmes for
ensuring social justice, and environmental management there by making
them more responsive to the local needs. This was the noble attempt to
overhaul the Local Self Government and introduce drastic systematic
changes in it. The tenure of these bodies are fixed for five years. The
Orissa Municipal Corporation Act, 2003 have come into for w.e.f
11.02.2003.
The Proposed CDP should look into:
i. Redefining the role and responsibilities of BCUC
ii. The Municipalities and other urban areas must augment their
status of Governance and strengthen capacity building.
iii. It is expected that some of the non-municipal areas will attain
municipal status.
iv. It is further expected that proposed distribution of development will
also suggest creation of new municipalities.
The National Action Plan for Good Urban Governance (Government of
India & UNCHS) with specific focus on Participatory Planning Process
along with strengthening the local bodies have been accepted and
adopted by the State Governments. This has been also reflected in their
various Legislative efforts.
Salient points have been towards:
i. Active decentralisation of power.
ii. Facilitating with more planning and development functions as well
as taxing powers.
iii. Improve Capacity Building of local bodies by introduction of
community participation and delivery of public services. Interactive
participation of Ward Committees, CDS and HHW is made
responsible for infrastructural development at the community level.
iv. Augment
resource
base
for
revenue
generation
including
rationalised fiscal transfer.

v. Adopting modern financial tools for development functions.
vi. Change of mindset and public awareness is essential for
implementation of Cost Recovery.
vii. Enhancement of Tax base and improvement of collection of
Property Tax and other taxes.
viii. Thrust and focus on adopting Transformation in Civic engagement.
ix. Expanded role in capital budgeting and selecting their priority
schemes.
252
Urban Governance
13
x. The integration of urban local bodies with its own decentralised

management through ward committees as well as with the high
level District Planning Committees is essential.
xi. The participation through micro planning process, prioritisation of
needs, organising community structure as well as hygiene
education program are the essential framework.
xii. Trans-Municipal Projects, should be centrally examined by the
specialised and higher level agencies, who should be entrusted for
planning designing etc with active participation, and involvement of
concerned ULBs.
xiii. Training of officials as well as non-officials connected with all
agencies and institutions need to be given appropriate training so
as to enable them perform the new set of tasks.
xiv. Augmenting capacity building in collecting base line information,
data up dating and compilation in GIS format.
xv. Municipalisation of urban centers at appropriate time must be
organised.
xvi. Involvement and induction of professionally trained urban planners,
engineers
and architects must be considered
for
various
institutions as a part of capacity building.

xvii. All institutions must also be supported by modern communication
and information technology.
xviii. Strong capacity to ensure the delivery of services through a variety
of mechanism.
xix. Adopt appropriate regulatory system.
xx. Generate strong public trust and public access to information.
13.5.1 Good Governance:
The principals of high impact governance have been distilled to identify
the major issues for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack Urban Complex.
i.
Create the right structure
ii.
Make the concerned agencies accountable by instituting target

setting, MoUs and monitoring processes
iii.
Streamline key processes
Redesigning the Development Control and Building approval

process
iv.
Strengthening internal systems through accounting reforms
Increasing dialogue with citizens
E governance
Citizen involvement in Prioritization of projects at grass

root level
Strengthening of Grievance Redressal System
v.
Generate momentum through quick wins
vi.
Institute a report card system for all agencies
253
13
Legislation
13.6 Legislation
The evolutionary process of development needs have been reflected in
the new legislation and amendments of existing legislation.
The following Acts are in operation:
i. Orissa Town Planning and Improvement Trust Act, 1956 (Orissa
Act 10 of 1957).
ii. Orissa Development Authority Act, 1982 (Orissa Act 14 of 1982).
iii. Orissa Development Authority Rules, 1983.
iv. 73rd & 74 Constitution Amendment Act in 1992.
v. Orissa Municipal Corporation Act, 2003
vi. Panchayat Extension to Schedule Areas Act (PESA), 1996
vii. Orissa Zilla Parishad Act, 1994
viii. Orissa Gram Panchayat Act
ix. Cuttack Development Authority (Planning and Building standards)
Draft Regulations 2010
x. Ancient and Historical Monuments and Archaeological Sites and
Remains Act (1958) and the Rules of 1959
xi. Section 4 of the (Water Prevention and Control of Pollution)
Amendment Act 1975
The following Rules are in operation:
i. Orissa Zilla Parishad Rules 2001
ii. Orissa Zilla Parishad Standing Committee Rules 2002
iii. Orissa Panchayat Samiti Standing Committee Rules 2002
iv. Orissa Gram Panchayat Standing Committee Rules 2002
v. Orissa Gram Panchayat Rules 2002
13.6.1 Orissa Municipal Corporation Act 2003:
The provisions of the Orissa Municipal Corporation Act 2003 define the
functions of CMC from 2003, till then Orissa municipal act 1951 is the
base for CMC. The Act came into force with effect from February 11,
2003.
i. Empowers
elected
persons
having
special
knowledge
or
experience in municipal administration by assigning them with

various functions of the corporation.
ii. Envisaged democratic decentralisation by devolving powers and
functions to the corporation on one hand and introducing
decentralized planning on the other.
iii. Appointment of officers to receive complaints relating to the
provision of the various services of the Corporation and to arrive at
a settlement by agreement through negotiation by passing award in
accordance with the provisions of the Arbitration Land Conciliation
Act, 1996.
254

Land Use Policy
13
iv. New constitutional status of municipal corporations would provide

an institutional framework for participatory democracy.
13.6.2 Orissa Development Authority Act, 1982:
The salient features of the Act are:
i. Extension of the provisions of the Act over the identified area and
declaring such area as a development area.
ii. Constitution of Development Authority.
iii. Preparation of interim, comprehensive and zonal development
plans.
iv. Publication of development plans for inviting objections and
suggestions.
v. Finalizing the development plan in the light of objections and
suggestions.
vi. Approval of the development plan by the State Government.
vii. Enforcement of the provisions of the development plan, zoning
regulations
and
planning
and
building
standards
by
the
Development Authorities by way of issuing permissions for

construction of buildings.
viii. Preparation of development schemes and their implementation.
The CDA Planning and Building Standards Regulation 2010 have been
largely accepted. However, in view of the recent notification by the
Ministry of Housing and Urban Development has accepted the BDA
Planning and Building Standards Regulation 2008 which has been
prepared after thorough review and analysis. The Town and Country
Planning, Govt. of India and its officials were involved in the preparation
and finalisation of the regulation. The statutory obligation of peoples and
stakeholders were also followed. Moreover, the consultants of IIT
Kharagpur were also involved in reviewing the same.
Since, this is part of the same planning area are geographically
contiguous, it is proposed that the some of the regulations be accepted
for the CDPA with such modifications as important have been suggested
by the consultants of IIT Kharagpur.
13.7 Land Use Policy

Adhering to the requirements of environment the current thinking is in
favor of flexible land use, which reaps the synergies between workplace,
residence and transportation as well as also between complementary
vocations. Ideally land use should be responsive to the dynamics of
market. The proposed Perspective Plan of BCUC has indicated the land
use pattern to accommodate the dynamic growth of the planning area
using land efficiently in a planned manner, fulfilling the conservation
obligation.
255
13
Land Use Policy
13.7.1 Development Zones and Use Criteria

Four types of development zones have been identified for the preparation
of Perspective Plan for BCUC (Map 13.1):
i.
Extensive development Zone: It will be encouraged in low

density areas and where there is a potential for growth.
Availability of land and good connectivity will be the major
deciding factors for extensive development. This may require
some land acquisition, land pooling or land transfer. The Special
Economic Zones for attracting national and international
investment will be also included in this category.
ii.
Intensive development Zone: It will be mainly in the form of

strengthening the existing infrastructure through modernisation
and diversification. The stress will be on providing connectivity
and distribution of existing activities in medium to high-density
zones. Revival and reuse will be encouraged to ensure effective
utilisation of land.
iii.
Restricted Development Zone: These areas include rich

cultural heritage zones, monuments, religious spots and high
density old urban areas and area under defense. Development
will be highly restricted with low density to facilitate the character
of the zone.
iv.
Sensitive Development Zone: These areas include land with

difficult topography that cannot accommodate conventional
development like low lying flood prone areas existing agricultural
land,
tribal
settlements
and
forest
areas.
Sensitive
development like botanical and zoological garden, water

retention basins, cottage industries with related training facilities
will be encouraged here.
13.8
The contents or proposals of the Comprehensive Development Plan

outlining the development of various areas suggested through Land Use
Zoning or Development Promotion Guidelines serves as legal instrument
for planning and execution.
Perspective Plan primarily being a policy document did not attempt to
show very many details of land use and adopt a very simplified main use.
On the basis of the Urban Development Plans Formulations and
Implementation (UDPFI) Guidelines, 1996 of the Ministry of Urban
Development suggested simplified Development Control Rules for the
256
13
different Land Uses, an exhaustive list of activities / use premises has

been prepared.
It may be noted, while adopting the land use classification, we reviewed
the three major norms i.e.
1. BDA guidelines adopted for Comprehensive Development Plan
for Bhubaneswar Development Authority (Planning and Building
2. Cuttack
Development
Authority
(Planning
and
Building
3. Urban Development Plans Formulation and Implementation
(UDPFI) guidelines
After review and evaluation of the 3 sets of norms, it has been decided to
adopt BDA regulation and UDPFI with minor changes in the
classification.
Residential Use Zone, Retail Commercial and Business Use Zone,
Wholesale Commercial Use Zone, Industrial Use Zone, Public and
Semi-public Use Zone, Utilities and Services Use Zone, Recreational
Use Zone, Transportation Use Zone, Agriculture and Forest Use Zone
and Water Bodies Use Zone have been retained as it is.
Special Area Use zone has been re-grouped as
a) Environmentally Sensitive Use Zone
b) Special Heritage Use Zone
Environmentally sensitive river front areas, forest areas, marshy areas
etc. as Environmentally Sensitive Use and old built up areas, scenic
value, archaeological sites, etc as Special Heritage Use.
Following deviation may be noted from the CDA Planning and Building
Standards Regulation of 2010:
a) Two new use zones have been created as Special Heritage Use
Zone, primarily to identify heritage zone, archaeological sites and
special functions and Environmentally Sensitive Use Zone to
identify river front areas, forest areas, and marshy areas.
b) Special Development and Urban design guidelines have been
suggested for specified river front areas.
257
13
Perspective plan refers to level-1 classification of land use. List of

Activities for each land use at two levels is as follows:
Table 13.5: List of Uses, Activities, Use Premises Areas in CDPA
Sl.
No.
AN
Land Use
(Level I)
Land Use (Level II)
Primary Residential
1.
Residential Use
Mixed Residential
Unplanned / Informal Residential
2.
C-1
Retail
Commercial and
Business Use
3.
C-2
Wholesale
Commercial Use
Retail Shopping
General Business and Commercial
District/Centers
Wholesale, Godown, Warehousing, Storage
Services and Light Industry
4.
Industrial Use
PS
Public Semi
Public use
Extensive and Heavy Industry

Special industrial Zones(Hazardous, Noxious
and Chemical)
Govt/Semi-Govt/Public Offices
5.
Institutional (Educational / Research / Medical

/Social and Cultural/Religious)
Water Supply/Sewerage/Drainage/Solid Waste

6.
US
Utilities and
Services use
Power, Transmission and Communication

Cremation and Burial Ground
Playgrounds/Stadium/Sports Complex
Parks and Gardens
7.
Recreational Use
Special Recreational Zone (Restricted Open

Spaces/ Green Buffer)
Multipurpose open space (Maidan)
Roads
Railways (terminal /Circulation)
8.
Transportation
Use
Airport
Bus Depot/ Terminal, Truck Terminals and
Freight
9.
Agriculture and
Forest
Agriculture and Horticulture

Forest
Brick Kiln and Extractive Areas
River, Canal, Streams, Spring
10.
Water Bodies
Use
Ponds, Lakes, Wetland, Aquacultural Pond

Reservoir
Embankments
Old built-up core area
11.
SH
Special Heritage
Use
Heritage and Conservation Areas

Other uses
12.
258
ES
Environmentally
Sensitive Use
River front developments

Scenic Value Areas
13.9
13
The question more often asked by the Development Authorities is not

what needs to be done for a planning area but how the huge investment
will be funded. Financing urban development in a sustained manner
requires looking at two major aspects of financing, viz. capital finances
and revenue finances. Capital financing that usually figures in the current
account of development budget pertains to development of urban
infrastructure comprising civic services (utility) infrastructure, social
infrastructure and economic or commercial infrastructure. For achieving
this, it would be imperative to mobilise adequate resources.
Traditionally they have been funded through budgetary support of
Central, State Government and local bodies through five-year plans and
the annual plans. These resources have in some cases been
supplemented by assistance from sources such as World Bank,
multilateral agencies such as ADB, JBIC, CFIC, USAID, DFID and
UNICEF etc as partly grants and partly as loans. The domestic financial
institutions like HUDCO, HDFC and NHB have also provided financial
assistance for urban infrastructure development projects. ICICI, IDBI, UTI
and commercial banks have also made forays into the sector with their
urban infrastructure portfolios. However, with the process of economic
liberalisation being in practice throughout the country, the public sector
resources are becoming increasingly scarce.
On the other hand, domestic financial institutions lay emphasis on
financial viability of projects, which is hardly possible for most of the basic
services infrastructure projects to match. Assistance from international
donor agencies is also appearing hard to come by. In this context,
exploring alternative sources of financing capital investment is the major
option left.
13.9.1
Innovative Options for Resource Mobilisation
Infrastructure financing requires long-term lending, whereas the normal

borrowing in the Indian capital and debt market is short-term only.
Financial Institution would need a mix of resources and balanced
combination of lending portfolio constituting both long and short-term
fund. Some of such suggested mechanism is listed below.
i. Consortium Finances
ii. Development Authority Bond or Municipal Bond
iii. Project Initialisation Fund / Project Development Fund
iv. Foreign Direct Investment
v. Leveraging Insurance Sector Funds
vi. Special Economic Zone
Some of the areas could be brought under Special Economic Zone (SEZ)
259
13
as duty free zones for industrial, services and trade operations to attract
foreign investment and facilitate expeditious development. They will be
treated as priority areas in the provision of infrastructure, convergence in
statutory clearance, exemption from duties and levies as well as liberal
regulations.
vii. Public Private Partnership
viii. BCUC Capital Infrastructure Fund
It is proposed to create a dedicated BCUC capital infrastructure fund with

an annual funding of Rs.1000 crores to attract debt and private finance.
This could mobilise about Rs.20,000 crores during next 20 yrs.
13.9.2
Revenue Financing Options
Capital investments on infrastructure entail expenditure on recurrent

basis for proper operation and maintenance, without which delivery of
services would not happen as expected and the same would frustrate the
very objectives of capital investment programmes carried out. Any capital
investment expenditure calls for meeting, on recurrent basis, the
requirement of funds for debt servicing, operation and maintenance and
capital replacement reserve. Some of the innovative instruments are:
a) Water Supply
Advance registration fees.
Enhancement of water tariff and metering
Connection charges
Water tax
Development Charges
Other sources such as property tax,
Sale of plots etc.
b) Sewerage
Connection charges
Sewerage Tax
Conservancy tax
Sale of sludge
Sale of renewable waste
Fines for untreated effluent disposal
c) Solid Waste Management
Collection charge
Cess
Sale of renewable waste
Fines on Dumping waste
d) Roads
260
Toll tax
Advertising rights
Cess on diesel and petrol
Land as a resource
13
e) Airport/ Railway Station / Bus Terminus
Toll tax
User charges for transport terminals
Advertising rights
Land as resources
Surcharge on tickets
g) Property tax reforms

One area that needs adequate attention is the collection of property tax
on which count most of the municipalities in the state have performed
poorly. Property tax is the single largest source of revenue and is an
indirect user charge for municipal services whose benefits are collective
and are not confined to any identified individual. Reform in property tax is
necessary to for promoting efficiency through linking of provision of
municipal services closely to their financing. Some recommended
Property tax reforms are (i) simplification of tax laws (ii) coverage of tax
net (iii) valuation accuracy (iv) collection efficiency (v) rate setting (vi)
administrative incentives and (vi) policy and institutional reforms. Steps
should be taken for transparent assessment of properties (unit area
method),
increased
coverage
by
property
mapping
using
GIS
applications and rationalisation of self-assessment system. Every

property in the city must be given a Property Tax Index Number (PTIN)
whereby the payment, the changes and nature of use of the property can
be done through computer and eseva centre.
13.9.3
Non-Tax
Revenue
Generation
through
Commercial
Development of Properties
Build and lease
Sell land for private development
Public-private joint development
13.9.4 Non Tax Revenue Generation through Innovative Land

Planning and Development Control Regulation
Creation of Special Development Districts (SDD) to make major

investment in infrastructure and services and formulate different
Development Control Regulations.
261
13
Imposition of Development Impact Fees in the SDD, the

designation of district zones with differing built form parameter is
assumed.
Utilisation of Transfer of Development Right (TDR) enabling

flexible development control and permitting trade for there lost
FSI.
Imposition of User Charges i.e., cost recovery through direct

charges to beneficiaries.
262
Future Land Use and Zoning Regulations
Future Land Use Proposal
14.1
14
Introduction
The Comprehensive Development Plan provides strategic framework for

land use planning in the Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA), for
shaping its future towards Vision-2030. It sets out the spatial strategy for
11 planning sub-zones as identified in the Perspective Plan to address
the different needs of each area. The priority set out for each planning
zone is based on and supported by the policies in this plan. The common
aim is to actively manage changes within CDPA limit to deliver a better
quality of life and environment.
14.2
Land Use Strategy
Proposed land uses have been systematically perceived based on the

detailed analysis of the following factors;
a. Existing land use distribution
b. Landform characteristics
c. Soil type
d. Vegetation index
e. Ground water prospect
f.
Drainage channel levels
g. Transportation network
h. Physical problems of each zone
i.
Land Ownership
j.
Perspective Plan Guidelines
k. Government Policies and programs including committed scheme

and proposals
l.
Future population distribution
m. Development potentials of each zone
14.3
The Proposed Plan
The land use proposal assumed that all the planning zones will be self
sufficient with all social and physical infrastructural facilities to serve the
future population.
14.3.1 Hubs of Specialised Activities

To promote a balanced and integrated growth, the entire CDPA has been
divided into 3 portions:
The Northern Fringe,
The Central Millennium City, and
The Southern Fringe.
263
14
The Proposed Plan
The allocation of activities in space has led to the concept of specialised

activity Hubs in the various zones, after quantum analysis of the
existing and proposed land uses.
The different Hubs are spread out throughout the CDPA and they are
representative of the specialised activities with respect to CDPA as well
as the BCUC region.
The Northern Fringe
The Northern Fringe constitutes of the five planning zones on the North
of Mahanadi namely,
Nirgundi, Charbatia, Chhatisa, Choudwar and Nimapur.
Together, these five zones function as the Industrial Hub of the entire
CDPA due to the presence of industries and availability of suitable land in
contiguity to form the Industrial Complex.
Nirgundi zone, has been proposed as the Transportation and
Commercial Hub, due to its regional connectivity through the major
road and rail linkages, and the quantum distribution of commercial
activities in this zone. This zone has also been proposed as the
Institutional Hub of the Northern Fringe due to the allocation of land for
specialised institutions such as engineering/ medical colleges and
management institutes in this zone.
The zones of Charbatia and Choudwar together contribute to the
Heritage and Socio-cultural Hub of the Northern Fringe. Choudwar
also functions as the Administrative Hub of the Northern Fringe and
will continue to do so during the plan period.
Nimapur will function as a Residential Hub due to the large scale
housing proposed in this zone to accommodate the spill-over population
of Cuttack.
Agro-based Activities, as well as Recreational Activities, namely
floriculture, pisiculture, apiculture, etc. as well as amusement parks, have
been proposed at Chhatisa to specialise as the Recreational Hub of
the Northern Fringe.
The Central Millennium City
The Central Millennium City comprises of the three planning zones of
Bidanasi, Old Cuttack, and Sikharpur.
The zone of Bidanasi has been planned as a satellite township to cater
to the housing requirements of the Central Millennium City and hence is
an exclusive Residential Hub.
The Old Cuttack zone is multifarious activity centre and has been
functioning as an Administrative and Institutional Hub. Various State
Government
264
offices
such
as
Directorate
of
Industries,
Police
The Proposed Plan
14
Headquarters, the Judiciary Complex, etc. and prestigious institutions of

the CDPA, such as the Ravenshaw University, SCB Medical College and
Hospital, Bose Engineering School, etc are all concentrated in this zone.
The Old Cuttack zone also functions as the Heritage and Sociocultural Hub due to the conglomeration of various sites and structures
having historical and socio-cultural importance such as the Barabati Fort,
Barabati Stadium, the proposed Barabati Haat, Balijatra ground, etc.
The Sikharpur zone has been proposed for the relocation of the
wholesale commerce from the Old Cuttack zone and hence, in future, will
function as the Commercial Hub of the Central Millennium City.
The riverfront areas of the Old Cuttack Zone and Bidanasi zone have
been proposed with various recreational activities such as boating,
cruises, angling clubs, theme parks, fair and festival grounds and hence
contribute to the Recreational Hub of the Central Millennium City.
The Southern Fringe
The planning zones of Mundali, Barang and Gopalpur constitute the
Southern Fringe of the CDPA. These areas are proposed for new
development.
Barang, being centrally located with availability of vacant land most of
the activities have been proposed in this zone. Barang has been
envisaged as an Administrative, Commercial and Industrial Hub of
the Southern Fringe. It will also function as an Institutional Hub as
maximum numbers of institutions are proposed in this zone.
Gopalpur, on the other hand, will function as the Residential and
Cultural Hub with allocation of substantial amount of land for residential
activities and the proposed Kataka Kala Kosh the cultural hub in this
zone.
Mundali, on the contrary, is an eco-sensitive area, endowed with natural
beauty in varied forms such as the riverfront on one side and small
hillocks on the other, and therefore has been proposed as the
Recreational Hub of the Southern Fringe as well as the CDPA on the
whole.
Thus, all the three portions of the CDPA have been conceived as
independent, self-sufficient and symbiotic urban units, assuming various
roles by virtue of their inherent and proposed functions, thereby
contributing to the holistic growth and development of the entire BCUC
region as a whole. (Map 14.1 and Table 14.1)
265
14
The Proposed Plan
Table 14.1: Hubs of Specialised Activities
Sl. No.
Classification of Hubs
Northern Fringe
Zones
Central zones
Southern Fringe Zones
Choudwar
Old Cuttack
Barang
Administrative Hubs
Residential Hubs
Nimapur
Bidanasi
Gopalpur
Institutional Hubs
Nirgundi
Old Cuttack
Barang
Commercial Hubs
Industrial Hubs
Transportation Hubs
Heritage and Socio-Cultural Hubs
Recreational Hubs
Nirgundi
Sikharpur
Barang
Charbatia,
Choudwar, Chhatisa,
Nirgundi, Nimapur
Barang
Nirgundi
Charbatia, Choudwar
Old Cuttack
Old Cuttack,
Bidanasi
Gopalpur
Chhatisa
14.3.2 The Spatial Structure

It has been observed that while analyzing the innumerable complex
variables involved in the dynamic process of urban development, a
unique and interesting phenomenon has evolved which has been
pragmatically and physically interpreted while allocating the different land
uses in the various zones.
The 10 different use areas have been identified formulating the future
spatial structures with concentration of urban activities. These have been
originated from a logical reference to the various use areas and can be
termed as follows:
1. Public/semi-public Areas
2. Residential Areas
3. Institutional Areas
4. Commercial Areas
5. Industrial Areas
6. Transportation Areas
7. Special Heritage Areas
8. Recreational Areas
9. Environmentally Sensitive Areas
10. Riverfront Areas
The detailed description of the proposed spatial structure is
mentioned below:
1. Public/ semi-public Areas
Public/semi-public uses have been planned for each of the northern,
central and southern portions of the CDPA area. Choudwar zone acts as
the public/semi-public area of the northern portion of the CDPA areas.
The Old Cuttack zone is one of the major public/semi-public area of the
entire CDPA region due to the location of major important activities such
266
Mundali

The Proposed Plan
14
as, the various state government departments, the police head quarters,
the CMC, the Judiciary Complex, etc. The Barang zone has also been
proposed as the public/semi-public use for the newly developing southern
portion and of the CDPA.
2. Residential Areas
The residential areas have been allocated keeping the overall proposed
activities in perspective. The zones of Nirgundi, Choudwar and Chhatisa
have been identified and earmarked for industrial housing. The zone of
Nimapur also comprises of industrial housing and new housing areas for
spill over population of Cuttack.
Substantial quantum of land has also been identified for high end
housing, high rise group housing and club town/resort housing in the
newly developing zones of Barang, Gopalpur and Mundali, respectively.
Special Housing Zones (SHZ) for re-habilitation of the slum population
have been planned along the Sikharpur zone. Special Residential Zone
(SRZ) for high rise group housing along with affordable housing has been
proposed in the Bidanasi zone.
3. Institutional Areas
The distribution of institutional areas have been conceptualised within the
Barang zone, especially where land allocation has been made for varied
institutions such as State Government office complexes, education and
health complex, and theological institutions.
The Old Cuttack zone is primarily an institutional area having the
Barabati Fort, Cantonment, Judiciary Complex, Ravenshaw University,
etc. has been earmarked as a special institutional heritage area.
Institutional activities have also been proposed in Mundali, Sikharpur,
Bidanasi, Nimapur and Nirgundi planning zones of the CDPA.
4. Commercial Areas
Commercial areas have developed along the major linear mass transit
corridors, national highways, state highways and ring roads in the newly
developing zones such as, Barang, Gopalpur, Nirgundi, Nimapur and
Chhatisa. Wholesale commerce has been planned in the Sikharpur zone
of CDPA.
5. Industrial Areas
The concentration of industrial activities is mainly in the original industrial
areas of Charbatia, Choudwar and Nimapur and the newly developing
adjacent zone of Chhatisa.
IT SEZ has also been proposed in the newly developing Barang zone
along the MRTS.
267
14
The Proposed Plan
6. Transportation Areas
The transportation corridors like the roadways, railways and the proposed
MRTS constitute the major transportation areas in the CDPA. Nirgundi
zone acts as a major transportation area of CDPA due to the proposed
location of the logistic hub by virtue of its connectivity with eastern and
the western by-pass, east coast railways and NH-5.
7. Special Heritage Areas
The CDPA is well known for its natural, built and cultural heritage. Some
of the areas under the Old Cuttack zone have been earmarked as special
areas which mainly comprise of the institutional heritage areas. Similarly,
large chunks under Choudwar and Charbatia zones have also been
identified as special areas, as reserved by the ASI.
8. Recreational Areas
The entire area of CDPA is gifted with tremendous natural resources in
the form of rivers like Mahanadi, Kathajodi, Birupa and Kuakhai, as well
as, zones with dense vegetation/forest such as Mundali.
The recreational area of the CDPA comprises of the playgrounds, stadia,
sports complexes, parks/gardens at the city/neighbourhood level, multiuse open spaces, fair and festival grounds distributed throughout the
various zones in the CDPA. Botanical gardens/ deer parks, bird
sanctuaries, golf clubs, yoga clubs, picnic huts, theme parks, lagoon
resorts, weekend resorts, spa resorts, etc. as proposed mostly in the
Mundali zone are a part of the Recreational area of the CDPA.
9. Environmentally Sensitive Areas
Environmentally Sensitive Areas such as Chhatisa and Mundali where
floriculture, pisiculture, apiculture, arboriculture, etc. have been proposed
are a concentration of this use. Water bodies/ ponds/ lakes, canals and
major drainage channels, areas between river bund and river water are
also part of the Environmentally Sensitive Area.
10. Riverfront Areas
The entire riverfront area of the two main rivers Mahanadi and Kathajodi
along with their tributaries Birupa and Kuakhai are included in this
category. Certain stretches of Mahanadi and Kathajodi have been
proposed for city level activities such as theme parks Barabati Haat,
Utkal Ratna Bhumi, open fair and festival grounds Balijatra ground,
Choudwar park, etc. Many specialised activities such as the SAI
Complex, the Cultural Hub, high-end commercial activities in the form of
star hotels, restaurants, entertainment plazas, etc. have also been
proposed along the riverfront (Map 14.14). Besides this, immersion
268
The Proposed Plan
14
ghats, neighbourhood parks, plantations, green buffers have also been

planned along the riverfront.
Special development regulations are to be framed to control the land
uses along the riverfront and save the riverfront from unwanted
development. Special urban design guidelines are suggested to be
framed to control the heights, forms, facades, architectural styles, colour,
textures, streetscape, signage, landscaping or plantations, etc. to
enhance the quality and the beauty of the riverfront area.
Certain stretches where specialized activities have been proposed in this
use area, as per the CDP need to be delineated as special areas in order
to enhance the scenic, heritage, cultural and commercial value of the
riverfront.
Thus, the riverfront area essentially requires a special emphasis and a
River front Development Plan needs to be prepared separately in
order to control the growth and development along with specific
development and control guidelines which will help conserve this natural
asset that renders a unique identity to the CDPA.
The classification of the various use areas throughout the CDPA has
been shown in the following Table 14.2.
Table 14.2: Classification of various Use Areas
Sl. No.
Classification of Use
Areas
Zones
Public/ Semi-public Areas
Choudwar, Old Cuttack and Barang
Residential Areas
Nirgundi, Choudwar, Chhatisa, Nimapur, Bidanasi, Sikharpur, Barang, Gopalpur

and Mundali
Institutional Areas
Barang, Old Cuttack, Mundali, Sikharpur, Bidanasi, Nimapur and Nirgundi
Commercial Areas
Barang, Gopalpur, Nirgundi, Nimapur, Chhatisa and Sikharpur
Industrial Areas
Chhatisa, Charbatia, Choudwar, Nimapur and Barang.
Transportation Areas
Nirgundi
Special Areas
Old Cuttack, Choudwar and Charbatia
Recreational Areas
Old Cuttack, Bidanasi, Choudwar, Mundali, Chhatisa
Eco-sensitive Areas
Chhatisa and Mundali.
10
Riverfront Areas
Riverfront areas of Mahanadi, Kathajodi, Birupa and Kuakhai.
It is important to remember that the future spatial structure recommended

here can be achieved, as visualised and realised through the combined
effort of the public authority as well as the private sector individuals.
Therefore efforts are made through this CDP for the CDPA to;
i. Indicate the needed direction of development in different parts of the
CDPA in context of the BCUC region.
ii. Indicate future areas of employment, housing, heritage and
recreation.
269
14
The Proposed Plan
iii. Indicate the pattern of the spatial structure plan and to realise the
vision for Cuttack as a world class cultural and commercial center of
the eastern region through innumerable concepts proposed
throughout the various planning zones of CDPA.
iv. Indicate the areas of investments and also the heritage and cultural
values, thereby making CDPA a complete package of varied kind of
investments within the various planning zones.
v. Envisage an overall balanced & integrated development making
CDPA an integral part of the entire BCUC State Capital Region.
14.4 Future Land Use Proposals

The future land use proposals is mainly based on existing land use
characteristics, and availability of large chunks of government land,
uninterrupted vacant land and land forms. The proposed land uses are
shown in Map 14.2. Zone wise Land Use distribution is given in Map 14.3
to 14.13 and Table 14.3 and Fig 14.1
Nirgundi (Zone No. 1) (Map 14.3)
The Nirgundi zone has been proposed for extensive development zone
due to the availability of uninterrupted vacant land and its regional
connectivity with the major transportation linkages such as the western
and the eastern bypass, NH 5 and the east coast railways. Hence,
Nirgundi has been planned as an ideal location for the Logistic Hub.
Major industries such as, processing and packaging industries, oil
depots, hazardous industries and other ancillary downstream industries
constitute to the industrial land use of Nirgundi. Hotels, lodges etc.
contribute to the commercial land use. Institutional areas have also been
earmarked for technical and specialised institutions such as engineering
and medical colleges, management and hotel management institutes.
Industrial housing along with Special Residential Zone (SRZ) comprising
of affordable and group housing comprehend the residential land use in
this area.
Charbatia (Zone No. 2) (Map 14.4)
Charbatia zone has been proposed for restricted development due to the
distinct characteristics of the existing land use. A large chunk of land
within Charbatia zone lies under the Aviation Research Centre (ARC), on
one hand and the ASI on the other due to the location of Charbatia Fort
and the Astha Sambhu temples. This imposes a lot of restrictions on the
allotment of land uses within this zone.
So mainly open space related activities such as archaeological parks,
OAT, fair and festival grounds and temporal display and sales counter for
270
14
The Proposed Plan
local art and craft are proposed around the Choudwar Fort. Conservation
of water bodies with landscaped gardens has also been proposed around
the fort and the temples belonging to the Astha Shambhu circuit.
Around ARC, institutional land use, housing and police academy has
been proposed with the considerations to the security aspects of this
area.
Chhatisa (Zone No. 3) (Map 14.5)
Since most of the land under Chhatisa zone is low lying and swampy, an
eco-sensitive and eco-friendly development has been proposed in this
zone. Water-based recreational activities such as lakes/lagoons,
amusement parks are proposed only after the delineation of the existing
drainage channels. Floriculture, pisiculture, herbal gardens etc. have
been proposed as a measure to promote the agro-economy of the zone
along with institutions for the same.
The SEZ comprising of the textile hub, building industry with industrial
housing and the IT SEZ on the periphery also forms a part land use of
Chhatisa in continuation with the adjoining zone. Commercial activities
have also been proposed along the NH 42 in this zone.
Choudwar (Zone No. 4) (Map 14.6)
Although some part of the land in Choudwar lies under ASI, quite a
considerable amount of land is developable for various activities such as
housing, industry, commercial, recreational, etc. The SAI Complex has
been
proposed
along
the
tip
of
land
mass
facing
Mahanadi
complemented by a high end recreational and commercial land use along

the river front of Mahanadi. Choudwar zone being very much a part of the
urban area, an urban plaza, intra-city bus stand, city park and housing
are all a part of proposed activities in Choudwar. Institutional land use at
Choudwar comprises mainly of the Tribal and folk art development
centre. The industrial activities includes the textile hub along with
modernized textile weaving and handicraft training and display centres
and building industries with mason training centres, brick manufacturing,
silicate and ceramic and glass industries. A bio-park is also proposed in
this zone adjoining the industries. This industrial development has been
proposed in Choudwar after analyzing the existing industries, local trends
and its suitability for specific industrial activities on the river bank, an
international sports complex has been proposed for various national and
international sports meets.
Nimapur (Zone No. 5) (Map 14.7)
Nimapur zone is essentially a peri-urban area with lot of industrial
activities and developable land. It has therefore been planned keeping
271
14
The Proposed Plan
abreast the existing land use to develop this area for medium and low
rise housing to cater to the spill over of Cuttack. A substantial amount of
commercial and public/semi-public activities have also been proposed
along the NH 5 and the state highway. Vocational and training institutes
have been proposed along the river front with recreational green buffer
and plantations.
Bidanasi (Zone No. 6) (Map 14.8)
Bidanasi zone has been identified for extensive development as special
residential zone for group housing, composite housing, and plotted
development with provision of neighbourhood level community facilities.
Development of health and education related institutional and public/
semi-public activities have also been suggested in this zone.
Theme parks such as Utkal Ratna Bhumi, water based sports activities
like boating, angling clubs etc. complemented by commercial activities
like hotels, malls, etc. contribute to the river front recreation at Bidanasi
along the Mahanadi. Promenades, jogging tracks, plantations and
neighbourhood parks area proposed along the river front of Kathajodi.
Viewing towers and recreational parks along the Naraj barrage is also a
part of proposed recreational activities in the Bidanasi zone.
Relocation of the bus terminus from Badambadi to Bidanasi along the
ring road to improvise the east-west connectivity is also proposed in this
zone.
Old Cuttack (Zone No. 7) (Map 14.9)
Old Cuttack is the traditional age old millennium city abundant with built,
cultural and natural heritage which truly needs to be conserved. Hence,
those areas which consist of an agglomeration of built heritage have
been earmarked as special areas which include the Barabati Fort
Complex, Cantonment Road and Judiciary Complex. Other important
historical areas have also been identified for conservation of the built
heritage. The river front area along the Mahanadi near the Balijatra Fair
Ground has been planned as a fair and festival ground and a place for
city level recreation with display kiosks of the traditional art of filigree,
beautifully landscaped plazas, vending zones, boat cruises and water
sport activities, in the form of Barabati Haat (similar to Delhi Haat). An
urban parkway system has been planned along the Taldanda Canal
making it navigable. Urban renewal programmes for the community of the
filigree workers with proposal for work-cum-living centres and training
institute has also been proposed in the city in close proximity to the
display areas of Barabati Haat. A heritage park depicting the growth of
Cuttack along with the Netaji Birth Place Museum has been proposed
near the Ganga Mandir tank. It has been planned to maintain all the open
272
The Proposed Plan
14
spaces as parks/play grounds etc. in order to provide certain lung spaces

within the city. Relocation of the wholesale hub to Sikharpur zone and the
bus terminal to Bidanasi has been proposed to decongest the area.
Existing wholesale area can function as public/ semi-public retail
commercial/mixed land use. Bus stand at Badambadi can function as city
level bus stand. Conservation of major water bodies has been proposed
to act as retention basins, in order to prevent water logging during
monsoons. Rehabilitation of slum dwellers along Taldanda Canal has
been proposed towards Sikharpur zone.
The existing commercial development and transformation of the same is
acceptable but no further commerce will be encouraged within the city. It
has been proposed to augment the basic social infrastructural facilities
within the existing neighbourhoods in order to promote balanced and
integrated growth in this zone.
Sikharpur (Zone No.8) (Map 14.10)
Sikharpur zone consists of large amount of a vacant land for new
activities like commerce, housing, institutional, etc. The connectivity of
this zone with the eastern bypass and the Cuttack-Paradeep rail line
makes this zone an ideal location for relocation of the wholesale hub from
the Malgodown area of Old Cuttack. Institutional land uses are planned in
continuity with the existing institutions like CRRI. Special Housing Zones
for slum rehabilitation, plotted housing have also been proposed in this
zone. Plantations and ghats and parks along the river front have been
planned to maintain the green belt all along the Mahanadi and Kathajodi.
Mundali (Zone No.9) (Map 14.11)
Mundali has been identified as a Sensitive Development Zone due to its
proximity to Kathajodi river front on one side and the Chandaka reserve
forest on the other. The landscape of this zone constitutes the original
Puri Canal on one side with vast stretches of agricultural fields and small
hillocks on the other. This zone is susceptible to constant flooding due to
lack of embankments along the Puri Canal and the river front, hence
making it eco-sensitive. Provision of embankments and extension of ring
roads has been proposed to protect this area from calamities and save
the agricultural produce. The unique landscape of this zone makes
suitable for as an exclusive recreational hub with water theme parks,
lagoon resorts, spa resorts, energy parks, club towns, golf clubs, picnic
spots, weekend resorts, etc.
Arboriculture has also been proposed to elevate the agro-economy of this
zone. Institutional activities such as DRDO etc. have been proposed in
continuity with the existing institutional land use.
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14
The Proposed Plan
Barang (Zone No. 10) (Map 14.12)

Barang is an important zone for locating all important institutional,
commercial, administrative, residential functions essential for the
development of the CDPA due to its availability of vast vacant
developable land. Hence, this zone has been conceptualized as a high
end activity zone with the BID, SGOC, IT SEZ, urban plazas, shopping
malls, high end commerce and educational and health complexes, high
end housing, condominiums, etc. constitute to the major land use of this
zone. Theological institutional areas such as Sri Sri Ravi Shankar
University have been planned on one side of Barang along with yoga
centres, natural therapy centres and gatherings along the river front
acting as buffers. Riverfront recreation in the form of commercial parks,
etc. is proposed. A Science and Technology Entrepreneurs Park has also
been planned in this zone as a part of river front recreational land use.
Thus, an attempt has been made to maintain the high end character
along the MRTS in continuity with the Chandrasekharpur zone of the
BDPA area. This also calls for relocation of certain village settlements in
the near-by residential areas.
Gopalpur (Zone No. 11) (Map 14.13)
Gopalpur zone is placed along the NH 5 in continuation with the East
Kuakhai of the BDPA area.
Since a sizeable amount of development has already been taken place
along the NH 5, the planning proposal is keeping abreast the existing
land use of the zone. High rise group housing, institutional and
commercial and mixed land use activities are proposed along this zone.
A peninsular tip of unique land mass has been identified for location of
the cultural hub constituting the Kataka Kala Kosh- a centre for
performing arts/ craft/ culture, media complexes, convention centres,
complemented with high end commerce-hotels, malls, multiplexes and
riverside recreation. Therefore, making it as the cultural hub of CDPA, it
has been proposed to relocate some of the village settlements in the
near-by residential areas.
Some recreational activity has also been planned around the Jain
museum complex with parks, water sports activities like boating, angling
clubs, etc. near Pratapnagari and in continuity with the Sribantapur zone
of the BDPA.
274
14
The Proposed Plan
14.4.1 Summary of Proposed Land Use Distribution

A study of spatial distribution of the proposed Comprehensive
Development Plan reveals Special Heritage and Environmentally
Sensitive use in various zones. However, the proposed aggregate land
use distribution of CDPA shows Residential land use as 24.94%, Retail
Commercial, Business and Wholesale Commercial land use as 4.37%,
Industrial land use as 5.47%, Public and Semi-Public land use as
10.63%, Utilities and Services land use as 1.09%, Recreational land use
as 4.78%, Transportation land use as 11.59%, Agriculture and Forest
land use as 3.63%, Water Bodies use as 27.77%, Special Heritage use
as 2.13% and Environmentally Sensitive use as 3.62% of the total 302.17
sq. km of land area of CDPA as shown in Table 14.4.
Table 14.4: Comparison of Existing and Proposed Land uses for Major
Categories of CDPA
Sl.
No.
1.
Use
Residential Use
Proposed Land Use(%) in CDPA
Existing Land Use (%)

in CDPA
Area (in Ha)
Area ( in%)
9.89
7535.18
24.94
1014.98
3.36
305.48
1.01
0.78
1652.31
5.47
3.15
3210.63
10.63
0.46
327.89
1.09
5.
Retail Commercial and

Business
Wholesale Commercial
Use
Industrial Use
Public and Semi-Public
Use
Utilities and Services Use
6.
Recreational Use
0.54
1442.95
4.78
7.
Transportation Use
2.77
3502.71
11.59
8.
Agriculture and Forest Use
39.31
1096.19
3.63
9.
Water bodies Use
13.23
8391.43
27.77
10.
Special Heritage Use
NA
642.53
2.13
11.
Environmentally Sensitive
Use
NA
1095.06
3.62
30217.34
100.00
2.
3.
3.
4.
CDPA
0.85
Table 14.4 shows a comparison of the some of the major categories of

land uses in the existing and the proposed Land Use plans of CDPA. It is
observed that there has been a significant rise of area allocations for all
the major land uses as per the future land use proposal.
275
14

14.5
Zoning Regulations
Zoning Regulations
Introduction
In order to promote public health, safety and the general social welfare of
the community, it is necessary to apply reasonable limitation on the use
of land and buildings. This is to ensure that the most appropriate
economical and healthy development of the city takes place in
accordance with the land use plan. For this purpose, the City is divided
into a number of use zones, such as residential, commercial, industrial,
public and semi-public, etc. Each zone has its own regulations as the
same set of regulations cannot be applied to the entire town.
Zoning protects residential area from the harmful invasions of commercial
and industrial uses and at the same time promotes the orderly
development of industrial and commercial areas. By regulation the
spacing of buildings, adequate light, air, protection from fire etc. can be
provided. It prevents overcrowding in buildings and land thus ensures
adequate facilities and services.
Zoning is not retrospective. It does not prohibit the uses of land and
buildings that are lawfully established prior to the coming into effect of the
zoning regulations. If these uses are contrary to the newly proposed
uses, they are termed as non-conforming uses and are gradually
eliminated over years without inflicting unreasonable hardship upon the
property owners.
The zoning regulations and their enforcement are a major tool in keeping
the land uses pattern of the Comprehensive Development Plan.
It has been stated that the consultants have adopted the UDPFI
guidelines with minor modification.
However while detailing out the use permissibility, etc in various
categories all care has been taken to integrate:
(A) Cuttack Development Authority (Planning and Building
Standards), Regulation 2010;
(B) Bhubaneswar Development Authority (Planning and Building
Standards), Regulation 2008.
(C) UDPFI Guidelines.
This formulated guideline may adopt other provision of the regulation
towards intensity of development and built form guidelines, etc.
1) In the Cuttack Development Planning Area (CDPA), various use
zones namely Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Public and SemiPublic,
Utilities
and
Services,
Recreational,
Transportation,
Agricultural, Water bodies and Special Areas having their location as

indicated in the Comprehensive Development Plan shall be regulated
276
Zoning Regulations
14
and guided as per Table 14.5. Except or otherwise provided, no

structure or land hereinafter shall be erected, recreated or altered
unless its use is in conformity with the following regulations.
2) All existing places of worship, temples, churches, mosques, burial and
cremation ground etc. shall be exempted from being treated as nonconforming uses, provided that continuance of such uses are not
detrimental to the locality as decided by the Authority from time to
time.
3) All non-conforming uses of land and buildings shall be discontinued
by the owner and the modified uses shall be made to conform to the
land use of the development plan in force within six months of the
Regulations coming in force.
14.5.1 Simplified Urban Land Use Zoning Regulations

Buildings and premises listed below are permitted normally on specific
sites/locations forming part of the provision of the CDP. Besides the
Activities Permitted (column A) for each of the 10 land use zones in
Table 14.5, it also contains the buildings/premises which could be
allowed upto 30% of the area on an application to the Competent
Authority, if such sites do not form a part of the plan. Such use/activity is
termed as Permissible on Application to Competent Authority (with
conditions/on special consideration) (column B). The uses/activities
which are otherwise not allowed in a particular use zone are termed as
Activities/Uses Prohibited in certain use zones and are presented in
(column C).
A broad description of
the proposed land uses
according to
Activities/Uses Permitted, Permissible on application to Competent

Authority (upto 30% area on special consideration) and Activities/Uses
Prohibited is given below.
a. Residential Use Zone:
In Residential Use Zone R (Primary Residential with densities, Mixed
Residential Zone Unplanned/ Informal Residential Zone) have been
marked for general guidance.
i.
Uses/Activities Permitted:
Residence plotted (detached, semi-detached and row housing), group

housing, work-cum-residential centre, hostels, boarding and lodging
houses, night shelters, dharamshalas,
guest houses, educational
buildings (nursery, primary, high school), neighborhood level social,

cultural and recreational facilities with adequate parking provisions,
marriage and community halls, convenience shopping, local (retail)
shopping, community centers, clubs, auditoriums, exhibition and art
277
14

galleries, libraries and gymnasiums, health
Zoning Regulations
clinics, yoga centers,
dispensaries, nursing homes and health centers (20 beds), yoga Centres,
public utilities and buildings except service and storage yards, electrical
distribution depots and water pumping stations, nursery and green
houses, services for households (salon, parlours, bakeries, sweet shops,
dry cleaning, internet kiosks etc.), banks and professional offices not
exceeding one floor, bus stops, taxi stands, 3 wheeler/auto stands,
rickshaw stands, police posts and post offices, parks and totlots,
Accessory uses clearly incidental to residential use (except service uses)
which will not create nuisance or hazard, customary home occupation if
the area for such use does not exceed 25% of the total floor area of the
dwelling and there shall be no public display of the goods.
ii. Uses/Activities Permissible on Application to Competent
Authority (with conditions/ upto 30% area on special
consideration):
Places of worship, shopping centres, municipal, state and central
government offices, colleges and research institutions, petrol filling
stations, places of entertainment, cinema halls, restaurants and hotels,
markets for retail goods, IT and IT enabled services, tourism related
services, motor vehicle repairing workshop, garages, storage of LPG
cylinders, burial grounds, printing presses employing not more than 10
persons, godowns /warehousing of non perishables, bus depots without
workshop, household industries if the area for such use does not exceed
one floor and there shall be no public display of the goods, consulates.
iii.
Prohibited Uses/Activities:
Heavy, large and extensive industries, noxious, obnoxious and

hazardous industries, warehousing, storage godowns of perishables,
hazardous,
inflammable
goods,
wholesale
mandis,
junk
yards,
workshops for buses, slaughter houses, hospitals treating contagious

diseases, sewage treatment plants and disposal sites, water treatment
plants, solid waste dumping grounds, outdoor and indoor games
stadiums, shooting range, zoological garden, botanical garden, bird
sanctuary, international conference centers, district battalion offices,
forensic science laboratory, all uses not specifically permitted.
b.
Retail Commercial Business Use Zone:
In Commercial Use Zone C-1 (Retail Shopping Zone/ and General

Business, Commercial District Centers) have been marked for general
guidance.
i.
Retail business, mercantile, commercial centers, banks, financial

services and stock exchanges, perishable goods markets, business and
278

Zoning Regulations
14
professional offices, private institutional offices and semi government

offices, shops and shopping malls, commercial services, restaurants and
hotels, hostels, boarding houses, social and welfare institutions, guest
houses, convenience and neighborhood shopping centers, local
shopping
centers,
weekly and
formal
markets,
confectionaries, cinema halls, theaters, banquet halls,
bakeries
and
auditoriums,
marriage and community halls, night shelters, clinics and nursing homes,
petrol pumps and service stations on roads of 12 meter or more ROW,
IT and IT enabled services, commercial institutes, research and training
institutes, service uses like hair salon, tailoring shops, beauty parlour,
laundry and dry cleaning shops etc. bus stops, Taxi stands, 3
wheeler/auto stands, rickshaw stands and parking spaces.
ii.
Uses/Activities Permissible on Application to Competent

consideration):
Associated residential uses, wholesale storage yards, junk yards, service

garages provided they do not directly abut the main road, printing
presses employing not more than 10 persons, 20 bedded hospitals not
treating contagious diseases and mental patients, weigh bridges,
colleges, polytechnics and higher technical institutes, sports complex and
stadiums, transient visitors homes, places of entertainment, recreational
uses and museums, convention centers, religious places, public utilities,
telephone exchanges, police posts and post offices, residential plot/group
housing, picnic hut, parks, playgrounds, clubs.
iii.
Polluting industries, heavy, extensive, noxious, obnoxious, hazardous

and extractive industrial units, large scale storage of hazardous and other
inflammable materials except in areas, specifically earmarked for the
purpose, poultry farms, dairy farms, slaughter houses, sewage treatment
plants and disposal sites, solid waste treatment plants and dumping
grounds, agricultural uses, storage of perishable and inflammable
commodities, quarrying of gravel, sand, clay and stone, zoological
gardens, botanical gardens and bird sanctuary, sports training centers,
district battalion offices, forensic science laboratory and all other related
activities which may cause nuisance, hospitals, research laboratories
treating contagious diseases, court, all uses not specifically permitted
herein.
c.
Wholesale Commercial Use Zone:
In Wholesale Commercial Use Zone C-2 (Wholesale, Godowns,

Warehousing, Regulated Markets) have been marked for general
guidance.
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14

i.
Zoning Regulations
Wholesale business, commercial and business offices and work places,

wholesale and storage buildings, godowns, covered storage and
warehousing, weigh bridges, bus stops, Taxi stands, 3-wheeler / auto
stands, rickshaw stands, truck terminal, bus depots and parking spaces,
restaurants, public utilities.
ii.

consideration):
Freight terminal, railway yards and stations, warehousing, storage

godowns of perishable, inflammable goods, coal, wood, timber yards,
non- polluting, nonobnoxious light industries, service centers, garages,
workshops, junk-yards, gas installation and gas works, government and
semi-government offices, banks, financial services, associated residential
uses, water treatment plants.
iii.
Polluting Industries, large scale storage of hazardous and other

inflammable materials except in areas, specifically earmarked for the
purpose, all uses not specifically permitted herein.
d. Industrial Use Zone:

In Industrial Use Zone I (Service and Light Industry, Extensive and
Heavy Industry and Special Industrial Zone) have been marked for
general guidance.
i.
All kind of non polluting industries, IT & ITES, SEZs notified by

government of India, Loading, unloading spaces, warehousing, storage
and depots of non perishable and noninflammable commodities, cold
storage and ice factory, gas godowns, banks, financial institutions and
other commercial offices, wholesale business establishments, petrol
filling station with garages and service stations, bus terminals and bus
depots and workshops, parking, taxi stands, 3-wheeler/auto stands,
rickshaw stands, residential buildings for essential staff and for watch and
ward, public utilities, railway siding, incidental and utility use incidental to
the main use.
ii.

consideration):
Heavy, extensive and other obnoxious, hazardous industries subject to

the approval of the Orissa Pollution Control Board, Industrial Research
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14
Zoning Regulations
Institute, Technical Educational Institutions, junkyards, sports/ stadiums/

playgrounds, sewage disposal works, electric power plants, service
stations, govt. semi-govt., private business offices, agro-based industries,
dairy and farming, gas installations and gas works, workshops garages,
hotels and guest houses, museum, helipads, hospitals and medical
centers, quarrying of gravel, sand, clay and stone.
iii.
Polluting industries, general business unless incidental to and on the

same site with industry, schools and colleges, hotels, motels and caravan
parks, recreational spots or centers, other non-industrial related activities,
religious buildings, irrigated and sewage farms, major oil depot and LPG
refilling plants, social buildings, all uses not specifically permitted.
e. Public and SemiPublic Use Zone:
In Public and SemiPublic Use Zone PS (Govt./Semi-Govt./Public
Offices Zone) have been marked for general guidance.
i. Uses/Activities Permitted:
Government offices, central , state, local and semi-government, public
undertaking offices, universities and specialized educational institutions,
colleges, schools, research and development centers, social and welfare
centers, libraries, hospitals, health centers, dispensaries and clinics,
social and cultural institutes, religious buildings, conference halls,
community halls, kalyan mandap, museums, art galleries, exhibition halls,
auditoriums, police stations, police lines, jails, local state and central
govt. offices uses for defense purpose, educational and research
institutions, social and cultural and religious institutions, local municipal
facilities, hotels, dharamashala, guest houses, monuments, convention
center, banking and financial services, commercial uses center,
shopping complex, public utility buildings, uses for defense purpose,
defense quarters, educational and police headquarters, radio transmitters
and wireless stations, uses incidental to govt. offices and for their use,
incidental/ancillary residential use.
consideration):
Residential flats, residential plots for group housing and staff housing, IT
services,
defense
quarters,
hostels,
transit
accommodation,
entertainment and recreational complexes, nursery and kindergarten,

welfare center, open air theater, playground, residential club, guest
house, bus and truck terminals, helipads, parking areas, taxi stands, 3wheeler/auto stands, rickshaw stands, retail shops, shopping complexes,
residential and other uses which is no way causing any nuisance and
hazard incidental to main use.
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Zoning Regulations
iii. Prohibited Uses/Activities:

Heavy,
extensive
and
other
obnoxious,
hazardous
industries,
slaughterhouses, junkyard, wholesale mandis, dairy and poultry farms,

farmhouses, workshops for servicing and repairs, processing and sale of
farm products and uses not specifically permitted herein.
f.
In
Utilities and Services Use Zone:

Utilities
and
Services
Use
Supply/Sewerage/Drainage/Solid Waste,
Zone
Power,
US
(Water
Transmission
and
Communication, and Cremation and Burial Ground Zone) have been

marked for general guidance.
Post offices, Telegraph offices, public utilities and buildings, water
Treatment Plant, Sewage Treatment Plant, Solid waste Treatment Plant
solid waste dumping grounds, radio transmitter and wireless stations,
telecommunication
centers,
telephone
exchange,
water
supply
installations, sewage disposal works, service stations, cremation grounds

and cemeteries/burial ground, power plants/ electrical substation, radio
and television station , fire stations, observatory and weather office.
consideration):
Service industry, warehouse/storage godowns, health center for public
and staff or any other use incidental to public utilities and services,
information/Payment kiosk, incidental/ancillary residential use, truck
terminals, helipads, commercial use center.
iii.
Prohibited Uses/Activities
Any building or structure which is not required for uses related to public
utilities and activities is not permitted therein, heavy, extensive and other
obnoxious, hazardous industries, all uses not specifically permitted
herein.
g. Recreational Use Zone:
In Recreation Use Zone P (Playgrounds/Stadium/Sports Complex,
Parks and Gardens, Special Recreational Zone and Multipurpose Open
Space Zone), have been marked for general guidance.
Specialized parks/ maidans for multipurpose use, regional parks, district
parks, playgrounds, childrens parks, clubs, stadiums, picnic huts, holiday
282
Zoning Regulations
14
resorts, shooting range, sports training center, swimming pools,

botanical/ zoological garden, bird sanctuary, green belts, bus and railway
passenger terminals, public utilities and facilities such as police post, fire
post, post and telegraph office, health center for players and staff, animal
racing or riding stables, library, incidental/ancillary residential use.
consideration):
Building and structure ancillary to use permitted in open spaces and
parks such as stands for vehicles on hire, taxis and scooters, commercial
use of transit nature like cinemas, circus and other shows, public
assembly halls, restaurants, parking areas, caravan parks, open air
cinemas/ theatre, entertainment and recreational complexes, community
hall, library, open air theater, theme parks, amphitheaters, residential
club, guest house, camping sites, yoga and meditation centres, fire post,
police station, post and telegraph office, commercial uses center, special
education areas.
Any building or structure, which is not required for open air recreation,
dwelling unit except for watch and ward, and uses not specifically
permitted therein, all uses not specifically permitted herein.
h. Transportation Use Zone:
In Transportation Use Zone T (Roads, Railways, Airport and Bus
Depots/Truck Terminal/ Freight) have been marked for general guidance.
All types of roads, railway stations and yards, airport, bus stops and bus
and truck terminals, taxi stands, auto stands, rickshaw stands, ferry
ghats, parking areas, multi level car parking, filling stations, transport
offices, booking offices, information kiosks, night shelter, boarding
houses, banks, restaurants, workshops and garages, automobile spares
and services, godowns, loading and unloading platforms (with/without
cold storage facility), weigh bridges, ware houses, storage depots, utility
networks (drainage, sewage, power, tele-communications).
consideration):
Way side shops and restaurants, authorised/Planned Vending areas,
incidental/ancillary residential use, emergency health care centre, tourism
related projects, all ancillary (complimentary) uses for above categories
(subject to decision of the Authority).
283
14
Zoning Regulations

Use/activity not specifically related to transport and communication
permitted herein, all uses not specifically permitted herein.
i.
Agriculture and Forest Use Zone:
In Agriculture Use Zone A (Agriculture and Horticulture, Forest, Brick

kilns and Extractive Area) have been marked for general guidance.
Agriculture and Horticulture, dairy and poultry farming, milk chilling
center, storage, processing and sale of farm products, dwelling for the
people engaged in the farm (rural settlement), farm houses and
accessory buildings, public utility and facility buildings, forest use,
afforestation.
Authority
(with
conditions/
upto
30%
area
on
special
consideration):
Houses incidental to this use, parks and other recreational uses, wayside
shops and restaurants, educational and research institutions, agro
serving, agro processing, agro business, cottage industries, burial and
cremation grounds, service industries accessory to obnoxious and
hazardous industries, ice factory, cold storage, godowns and ware
houses, soil testing lab, normal expansion of land uses only in the
existing homestead land, special outdoor recreations, solid waste
management sites, Sewage disposal works, electric sub-station,
quarrying of gravel, sand, clay or stone, building construction over plots
covered under town planning scheme and conforming uses, brick kilns
and extractive areas, servicing and repair of farm machineries and the
sale of agricultural supply, small scale fertilizer chemicals, alcohol and
distillery industry, petrol and other fuel filling stations, hospital for
infectious and contagious diseases, mental hospital after clearance from
the Authority, eco-tourism, camping sites, eco-parks, eco lodges, special
outdoor recreations.
Residential use except those ancillary uses permitted in agricultural use
zone, heavy, extensive, obnoxious, noxious and hazardous industries,
any activity which is creating nuisance and is obnoxious in nature, for
notified forest lands only afforestation is permitted and eco-tourism,
camping sites, eco-parks, eco lodges, special outdoor recreations are
permissible by the competent authority, all uses not specifically permitted
herein.
284

Zoning Regulations
j.
14
Water Bodies Use Zone:
In Water bodies Use Zone W (River/Canal/Streams/Water Spring,

Ponds/Lakes/Wetland/Aqua culture pond and Water logged/Marshy area)
have been marked for general guidance.
Rivers, canals, streams, water spring, ponds, lakes, wetland, aqua
culture pond, reservoir, water logged/marshy area.
consideration):
Fisheries, boating, water theme parks, water sports, lagoons, water
based resort with special by-laws, any other use/activity incidental to
Water Bodies use is permitted.
Use/activity not specifically related to Water bodies Use not permitted
herein, all uses not specifically permitted herein.
k.
Special Heritage Use Zone:
In Special Area Use Zone SH (Old Built-up Core Area, Heritage and
Conservation zones and Other Areas) have been marked for general
guidance.
Any development should be in conformity with special byelaws and
regulations prescribed in respective zonal plan and to be approved by the
Heritage Committee.
No construction /development in ASI /State Archeology restricted area.
Residential with special bye laws, public -semi public with special bye
laws, commercial with special bye laws, recreational with special bye
laws, theme Parks, archeological parks / gardens with special bye laws,
amphitheatres with special bye laws, open air museums with special bye
laws, restoration of protected and enlisted monuments and precincts by
the concerned authority only (ASI / State Archeology).
consideration):
Heritage interpretation centre, art galleries & sculpture complex,
educational and research Institutions, social and cultural institutions,
commercial activities, craft based cottage industries, hotels, guest
houses, lodges, resorts, group Housing , apartments, auditorium,
boating, picnic huts, camping sites, special training camps, hospitals &
health centers, multistoried parking.
285
14
Zoning Regulations
iii. Prohibited Uses/ Activities:

Use/activity not specifically related to Special Heritage Use Zone not
permitted herein, multistoried building, multiplex, shopping mall, dumping
ground, sewerage treatment, all uses not specifically permitted herein.
l.
Environmentally Sensitive Use Zone:
In Environmentally Sensitive Use Zone ES (River front developments,

Scenic Value Areas) have been marked for general guidance.
Special bye laws need to be formulated in consultation with the Water
resources
dept.
&
other
concerned
departments
for
special
Environmentally Sensitive zone.

River front developments, scenic value areas, river side green areas,
existing village settlements.
consideration):
Group housing, corporate type housing adopting modern technology with
special by-laws, theme parks, yoga parks, sports centres and community
recreational areas, International convention centre, incidental residences,
seven or five star lake resorts, five star hotels, organized commerce with
special by-laws, hospitals and health institutions, art academy, media
centres, food courts, music pavilions, parking areas, visitor facilities,
educational, technical, research institutes of higher order, boating , picnic
huts, camping sites special training camps, existing residential or other
uses with special by-laws, resorts, sculpture complex, lagoons& lagoon
resort, water sports, tourist and pilgrim related commercial activities,
hotels and lodges, non polluting, agro-based and processing industries,
storage or godowns for food grains, water treatment plant, sewage
treatment plant, solid waste treatment plant solid waste dumping
grounds.
iii. Prohibited Uses/ Activities:
Plotted housing, small industries or small institutions, use/activity not
specifically related to Environmentally Sensitive Use Zone not permitted
herein, no development of any kind is permitted between the
River/Canal/Stream and the embankment, all uses not specifically
permitted herein.
Table 14.5 shows the (a) Uses/Activities Permitted (b) Uses/Activities
permissible on application to the Competent Authority (with conditions /
up to 30% area on special consideration) & (c) Activities Prohibited as it
has been already stated according to the Model Zoning regulations.
286
Zoning Regulations
14
Table 14.5: Land Uses Permitted, Permitted Under Special Consideration &
Prohibited In Different Use Zones
Sl
No
Uses/Activities Permitted
Uses/Activities Permitted on
application to the Competent
Authority
(A)
(B)
Use Zone
1. Residence plotted (detached, semidetached and row housing), group

housing, work-cum-residential centre
1. Places of worship
2. Hostels, boarding and lodging

houses
2. Shopping centres
3. Night shelters, dharamshalas,

guest houses
4. Educational buildings (nursery,
primary, high school)
5. Neighborhood level social, cultural
and recreational facilities with
adequate parking provisions
1.
Residential
Use Zone
(R)
Uses/Activities
Prohibited
(C)
1. Heavy, large and
extensive industries,
noxious, obnoxious and
hazardous industries
2. Warehousing,
storage godowns of
perishables, hazardous,
inflammable goods,
wholesale mandis, junk
yards
3. Municipal, state and central

government offices
3. Workshops for buses
4. Colleges and research institutions
4. Slaughter houses
5. Petrol filling stations
5. Hospitals treating
contagious diseases
6. Sewage treatment
plants and disposal
sites
7. Water treatment
plants, solid waste
dumping grounds
8. Outdoor and indoor
games stadiums,
shooting range
9. Zoological garden,
botanical garden, bird
sanctuary
6. Marriage and community halls
6. Places of entertainment, cinema

halls, restaurants and hotels
7. Convenience shopping, local (retail)

shopping
7. Markets for retail goods
8. Community centers, clubs,

auditoriums
8. IT and IT enabled services
9. Exhibition and art galleries
9. Tourism related services
10. Libraries and gymnasiums
10. Motor vehicle repairing

workshop, garages, storage of LPG
cylinders
10. International
conference centers
11. Burial grounds
11. District battalion

offices, forensic science
laboratory
12. Printing presses employing not

more than 10 persons
12. All uses not

specifically permitted in
column (a) and (b)
11. Health clinics, yoga centers,

dispensaries, nursing homes and
health centers (20 beds), yoga
Centres
12. Public utilities and buildings except
service and storage yards, electrical
distribution depots and water pumping
stations
13. Nursery and green houses
13. Godowns /warehousing of non

perishables
14. Services for households (salon,

parlours, bakeries, sweet shops, dry
cleaning, internet kiosks etc.)
14. Bus depots without workshop
15. Banks and professional offices not

exceeding one floor
15. Household industries if the area

for such use does not exceed one
floor and there shall be no public
display of the goods
16. Bus stops, taxi stands, 3

wheeler/auto stands, rickshaw stands
16. Consulates
17. Police posts and post offices

18. Parks and totlots
19. Accessory uses clearly incidental
to residential use (except service
uses) which will not create nuisance or
hazard
20. Customary home occupation if the
area for such use does not exceed
25% of the total floor area of the
dwelling and there shall be no public
display of the goods
Continued
287
14
Sl
No
Use Zone
(A)
1. Retail business, mercantile
2.
Retail
Commercial
Use Zone
(C1)
2. Commercial centers
2. Wholesale storage yards,

Junk yards
3. Banks, financial services and

stock exchanges
3. Service garages provided

they do not directly abut the
main road
4. Perishable goods markets
4. Printing presses employing

not more than 10 persons
5. Business and professional offices
5. 20 bedded hospitals not

treating contagious diseases
and mental patients
6. Private institutional offices and

semi government offices
6. Weigh bridges
7. Shops and shopping malls
7. Colleges, polytechnics and

higher technical institutes
8. Commercial services
8. Sports complex and stadiums
9. Restaurants and hotels

10. Hostels, boarding houses, social
and welfare institutions, guest
houses
11. Convenience and neighborhood
shopping centers, local shopping
centers, weekly and formal markets,
bakeries and confectionaries
9. Transient visitors homes
Wholesale
Commercial
Use Zone
(C2)
Uses/Activities Prohibited
(C)
1. Polluting industries
2. Heavy, extensive, noxious,
obnoxious, hazardous and
extractive industrial units
3. Large scale storage of
hazardous and other
inflammable materials except in
areas, specifically earmarked
for the purpose
4. Poultry farms, dairy farms,
slaughter houses
5. Sewage treatment plants and
disposal sites, solid waste
treatment plants and dumping
grounds
6. Agricultural uses, storage of
perishable and inflammable
commodities
7.Quarrying of gravel, sand,
clay and stone
8. Zoological gardens, botanical
gardens and bird sanctuary
9. Sports training centers
10. Places of entertainment,

recreational uses and museums
10. District battalion offices
11. Convention centers
11. Forensic science laboratory

and all other related activities
which may cause nuisance
12. Cinema halls, theaters, banquet

halls, auditoriums
12. Religious places
12. Hospitals, research

laboratories treating contagious
diseases
13. Marriage and community halls,

night shelters
13. Public utilities, telephone

exchanges
13. Court
14. Clinics and nursing homes
14. Police posts and post offices
14. All uses not specifically

permitted in the column(a)
and(b)
15. Petrol pumps and service

stations on roads of 12 meter or
more ROW
16. IT and IT enabled services
17. Commercial institutes, research
and training institutes
18. Service uses like hair salon,
tailoring shops, beauty parlour,
laundry and dry cleaning shops etc.
19. Bus stops, Taxi stands, 3
wheeler/auto stands, rickshaw
stands and parking spaces
3.
Authority
(B)
1. Associated residential uses
Zoning Regulations
15. Residential plot/group

housing
16. Picnic Hut
17. Parks, playgrounds, clubs
1. Wholesale business
1. Freight terminal, railway yards

and stations
2. Commercial and business offices

and work places
2. Warehousing, storage
godowns of perishable,
inflammable goods, coal, wood,
timber yards
3. Wholesale and storage buildings

4. Godowns, covered storage and
warehousing
5. Weigh bridges
6. Bus stops, Taxi stands, 3-wheeler
/ auto stands, rickshaw stands
7. Truck terminal, bus depots and
parking spaces
8. Restaurants
9. Public utilities
3. Non- polluting, nonobnoxious light industries

4. Service centers, garages,
workshops
5. Junk-yards
6. Gas installation and gas
works
7. Government and Semigovernment offices
8. Banks, financial services
9. Associated residential uses
10. Water treatment plants
1. Polluting Industries
2. Large scale storage of
hazardous and other
inflammable materials except in
areas, specifically earmarked
for the purpose
permitted in columns (a) and(b)
Continued
288
Zoning Regulations
Sl
No
Use Zone
(A)
1. All kind of non polluting industries
4.
Industrial
Use Zone,
light
manufactur
-ing
industry,
service
industry
and
medium
industry
(I)
1.Polluting industries
2. IT & ITES
2. Industrial Research Institute
3. SEZs notified by government of

India
3. Technical Educational Institutions
3. Schools and colleges
4. Loading, unloading spaces
4. Junkyards, sports/ stadiums/

playgrounds
4. Hotels, motels and

caravan parks
5. Warehousing, storage and depots

of non perishable and noninflammable commodities
5. Sewage disposal works, electric

power plants, service stations
5. Recreational spots or
centers
6. Govt. semi-govt., private business

offices
8. Agro-based industries, dairy and
farming
6. Other non-industrial
related activities
6. Cold storage and ice factory

7. Gas godowns
7. Religious buildings
8. Banks, financial institutions and

other commercial offices
9. Gas installations and gas works
9. Wholesale business establishments
10. Workshops garages
10. Petrol filling station with garages

and service stations
11. Hotels and guest houses
10. Social buildings
11. Bus terminals and bus depots and

workshops
12. Museum
11. All uses not

columns (a) and (b)
14. Public utilities

15. Railway siding
16. Incidental and utility use incidental
to the main use
1. Government offices, central , state,
local and semi-government, public
undertaking offices
2. Universities and specialized
educational institutions, colleges,
schools, research and development
centers
3. Social and welfare centers
4. Libraries
5. Hospitals, health centers,
dispensaries and clinics
5.
Uses/Activities
Prohibited
(C)
2. General business
unless incidental to and
on the same site with
industry
12. Parking, taxi stands, 3

wheeler/auto stands, rickshaw stands
13. Residential buildings for essential
staff and for watch and ward
Public
SemiPublic Use
Zone
Authority
(B)
1. Heavy, extensive and other
obnoxious, hazardous industries
subject to the approval of the Orissa
Pollution Control Board
6. Social and cultural institutes
14. Hospitals and medical centers

15.Quarrying of gravel, sand, clay
and stone
1. Residential flats, residential plots

for group housing and staff housing
1. Heavy, extensive and

other obnoxious,
2. IT services
2. Slaughterhouses
3. Defense quarters
4. Hostels, transit accommodation
5. Entertainment and recreational
complexes
6. Nursery and kindergarten, welfare
center
3. Junkyard
4. Wholesale mandies
5. Dairy and poultry
farms, farmhouses
6. Workshops for
servicing and repairs
7. Processing and sale of
farm products
8. All uses not
columns (a) and (b)
7. Open air theater, playground
8. Conference halls
8. Residential club, guest house
9. Community halls, kalyan mandap,
9. Bus and Truck terminals, helipads

10. Parking areas, taxi stands, 3
wheeler/auto stands, rickshaw
stands
11. Retail shops, shopping
complexes
12. Residential and other uses which
is no way causing any nuisance and
hazard incidental to main use
(PS)
11. Police stations, police lines, jails

12. Local state and central govt.
offices uses for defense purpose
8. Irrigated and sewage

farms
9. Major oil depot and
LPG refilling plants
13. Helipads
7. Religious buildings
10. Museums, art galleries, exhibition

halls, auditoriums
14
13. Educational and research

institutions
14. Social and cultural and religious
institutions
Continued
289
14
Sl
No
Use Zone
(A)
15. Local municipal facilities
5.
Public
Semi-Public
Use Zone
(PS)
6.
(US)
Authority
(B)
Uses/Activities
Prohibited
(C)
16.Hotels, dharamashala, guest houses

17. Monuments
18.Convention center
19.Banking and financial services
20.Commercial uses center, Shopping
complex
21.Public utility buildings
22.Uses for defense purpose, defense
quarters, educational and police
headquarters
23. Radio transmitters and wireless
stations.16. Uses incidental to govt.
offices and for their use
24. Incidental/ancillary residential use
1. Post offices, Telegraph offices, public
utilities and buildings
Utilities and
Services
Use Zone
Zoning Regulations
2. Water Treatment Plant, Sewage

Treatment Plant, Solid waste Treatment
Plant solid waste dumping grounds
3. Radio transmitter and wireless
stations, telecommunication centers,
telephone exchange
4. Water supply installations
5. Sewage disposal works
6. Service stations
7. Cremation grounds and
cemeteries/burial ground
8. Power plants/ electrical substation
1. Service industry
2. Warehouse/storage godowns
3. Health center for public and
staff or any other use incidental
to public utilities and services
4. Information/Payment kiosk
5. Incidental/ancillary residential
use
6. Truck terminals, helipads
1. Any building or structure

which is not required for
uses related to public
utilities and activities is not
permitted therein.
2. Heavy, extensive and
other obnoxious, hazardous
industries
permitted in column (a) and
(b)
7. Commercial use center
9. Radio and television station

10. Fire stations
11.Observatory and weather office
1. Specialized parks/ maidans for

multipurpose use
2. Regional parks, district parks,

playgrounds, childrens parks
7.
Recreation
al Use
Zone
(P)
3. Clubs
4. Stadiums, picnic huts, holiday resorts
5. Shooting range, sports training center
6. Swimming pools
7. Botanical/ zoological garden, bird
sanctuary
8. Green belts
9. Bus and railway passenger terminals
10. Public utilities and facilities such as
police post, fire post, post and telegraph
office, health center for players and staff
11. Animal racing or riding stables
12. Library
1. Building and structure

ancillary to use permitted in
open spaces and parks such as
stands for vehicles on hire, taxis
and scooters
2. Commercial use of transit
nature like cinemas, circus and
other shows
3. Public assembly halls
4. Restaurants
5. Parking areas, Caravan parks
6. Open air cinemas/ theatre
7. Entertainment and
recreational complexes
8. Community hall, library
9. Open air theater, theme
parks, amphitheaters
1. Any building or structure,

which is not required for
open air recreation, dwelling
unit except for watch and
ward, and uses not
specifically permitted
therein.
permitted in column (a) and
(b)
10. Residential club, guest

house
11. Camping sites
12. Yoga and meditation centres
13. Fire post, police station, post
and telegraph office
14. Commercial uses center
15. Special education areas
Continued
290
14
Zoning Regulations
Sl
No
Use Zone
(A)
1. All types of roads
1. Way side shops and restaurants
2. Railway stations and yards
2. Authorised/Planned Vending areas
3. Airport
4. Bus stops and Bus and Truck
terminals
5. Taxi stands, auto stands,
rickshaw stands
6. Ferry ghats
8.
Transportation Use
Zone
(T)
Authority
(B)
Uses/Activities
Prohibited
(C)
1. Use/activity not
specifically related to
transport and
communication permitted
herein.
permitted in column (a)
and (b)
4. Emergency health care centre

5. Tourism related projects
6. All ancillary (complimentary) uses for
above categories (subject to decision of
the Authority)
7. Parking areas
8. Multi level car parking
9. Filling stations
10. Transport offices, booking
offices
11. Information kiosks
12. Night shelter, boarding houses
13. Banks
14. Restaurants
15. Workshops and garages
16. Automobile spares and
services, Godowns
17. Loading and unloading
platforms (with/without cold storage
facility), weigh bridges
18. Ware houses, Storage depots
19. Utility networks (drainage,
sewage, power, telecommunications)
9.
Agriculture
and Forest
Use Zone
(A)
1. Agriculture and Horticulture
1. Houses incidental to this use
2. Dairy and poultry farming, milk

chilling center
2. Parks and other recreational uses
3. Storage, processing and sale of

farm products
3. Wayside shops and restaurants
4. Dwelling for the people engaged

in the farm (rural settlement)
4. Educational and research institutions
5. Farm houses and accessory

buildings
6. Public utility and facility buildings
5. Agro serving, agro processing, agro

business
6. Cottage industries
1. Residential use except

those ancillary uses
permitted in agricultural
use zone
2. Heavy, extensive,
obnoxious, noxious and
3. Any activity which is
creating nuisance and is
obnoxious in nature
and (b)
7. Burial and cremation grounds

8. Service industries accessory to
obnoxious and hazardous industries
9. Ice factory, cold storage
10. Godowns and ware houses
11. Soil testing lab
12. Normal expansion of land uses only
in the existing homestead land
13. Special outdoor recreations
Continued
291
14
Sl
No
Use Zone
(A)
9.
Agriculture
and Forest
Use Zone
(A)
10.
Water
Bodies Use
Zone
Zoning Regulations
Authority
(B)
14. Solid waste management sites,
Sewage disposal works
15. Electric sub station
16. Quarrying of gravel, sand, clay or
stone
17. Building construction over plots
covered under town planning scheme
and conforming uses
18. Brick kilns and extractive areas
19.Servicing and repair of farm
machineries and the sale of agricultural
supply
20.Small scale fertilizer chemicals,
alcohol and distillery industry
21.Petrol and other fuel filling stations
22.Hospital for infectious and
contagious diseases, mental hospital
after clearance from the Authority
7. Forest use
23. Eco-tourism, camping sites, ecoparks, eco lodges
8. Afforestation
24. Special outdoor recreations
1. Rivers, canals
1. Fisheries
2. Streams, water spring
2. Boating, water theme parks, water

sports, lagoons
(W)
3. Ponds, lakes
4. Wetland, aqua culture pond
Uses/Activities
Prohibited
(C)
5. For notified forest

lands only afforestation
is permitted and Item
no. 23 and 24 from
column (b) are
permissible by the
competent authority
1. Use/activity not
Water bodies Use not
permitted herein.
2. All uses not
column (a) and (b)
3. Water based resort with special bylaws

4. Any other use/activity incidental to
Water Bodies use is permitted.
5. Reservoir
6. Water logged/marshy area
Any development should be in conformity with special byelaws and regulations prescribed in
respective zonal plan and to be approved by the Heritage Committee.
No construction /development in ASI /State Archeology restricted area.
1. Residential with special bye laws
11.
Special
Heritage
Use Zone
(Area shown
in the map)
(SH)
2. Public -semi public with special

bye laws
3. Commercial with special bye
laws
4 Recreational with special bye
laws
5. Theme Parks , Archeological
Parks / Gardens with special bye
laws
6. Amphitheatres with special
bye laws
7. Open Air Museums with special
bye laws
8. Restoration of protected and
enlisted monuments and precincts
by the concerned authority only
(ASI / State Archeology)
1. Heritage interpretation centre, art

galleries & sculpture complex
1. Use/activity not
Special Heritage Use
Zone not permitted
herein.
2. Educational and research Institutions
2. Multistoried building
3 Social and cultural institutions
3. Multiplex, Shopping
Mall
4. Commercial activities
4. Dumping ground
5. Craft based cottage industries
5. Sewerage Treatment
6. Hotels, guest houses, lodges ,

resorts

and (b)
7.
Group Housing , apartments
8 Auditorium
9 boating, picnic huts, camping sites,
special training camps
10. Hospitals & health centers
11. Multistoried Parking
Continued
292
Zoning Regulations
Sl
No
Use Zone
(A)
Authority
(B)
14
Uses/Activities
Prohibited
(C)
Special bye laws need to be formulated in consultation with the Water resources dept. & other
concerned departments for special Environmentally Sensitive zone
1. Group housing, corporate type
housing adopting modern technology
with special by-laws
2. Theme parks, yoga parks, sports
centres and community recreational
areas, International convention centre
1. River front developments
2. Scenic value areas
12.
Environment
ally
Sensitive
Use Zone
3. River side green areas
3. Incidental residences
4. Existing village settlements
4. Seven or five star lake resorts, Five

star hotels. organized commerce with
special by-laws
5. Hospitals and health institutions
1. Plotted housing
2. Small industries or
small institutions
3. Use/activity not
Environmentally Sensitive
Use Zone not permitted
herein
4. No development of
any kind is permitted
between the
River/Canal/Stream and
the embankment
5. All uses not
column (a) and (b)
6. Art academy, media centres, food

courts, music pavilions
7. Parking areas, visitor facilities
8. Educational, technical, research
institutes of higher order
9. Boating , Picnic huts, Camping sites
Special Training camps
10. Existing residential or other uses
with special by-laws
11. Resorts, sculpture complex,
lagoons& lagoon resort, water sports.
12. Tourist and pilgrim related
commercial activities, hotels and lodges
13. Non polluting, agro-based and
processing industries, Storage or
Godowns for food grains
14. Water Treatment Plant, Sewage
Treatment Plant, Solid waste Treatment
Plant solid waste dumping grounds
(ES)
14.5.2 Statutory Process for Zoning Regulations

The consultant shall present the draft Comprehensive Development Plan
to the stakeholders. The draft CDP will be finalized through the following
procedures.
a) Feedback from the stakeholders
b) Statutory
obligation
(i.e.
publication
and
hearing
of
objection/suggestions)
1. The draft CDP will be published by the development authority. A
copy will be available for inspection and publish a notice in such
form and manner as may be prescribed by rules made in this
behalf inviting objection and suggestion from any person with
respect to the draft CDP before such date as may be specified in
293
14
Other Development Control

Guidelines
the notice, not being earlier than sixty days from the publication
of the notice.
2. The authority will give reasonable opportunity to every local
authority, within whose limit any land covered wholly or partly by
the CDP is situated to make any representation with respect to
the process.
Government will constitute a Board of Enquiry to hear all the objections
and suggestions. After considering all objections, suggested that may
have been received by the authority and after giving reasonable
opportunity of being heard, to any person including representatives of
government department and authorities who have made requests of
being so heard, the authority shall finally prepare the Comprehensive
Development Plan and submit to the state government for approval.
The board of enquiry report will be submitted to the government for
review and approval.
A notice under section (1) shall be conclusive evidence that development
plan has been duly prepared and approved. The said plan shall come
into operation from the date of publication of such notice in the Gazette.
14.6
Other Development Control Guidelines
The regulations governing minimum size of plot, maximum plot coverage,

minimum set backs on four sides of the buildings, minimum road widths,
maximum number of floors and maximum height of structures that could
be permitted in various zones are set out in Annexure-I appended to
these regulations (Regulation 28-132, with minor modifications) of the
Cuttack Development Authority (Planning and Building Standards)
Regulations-2001.
14.7
Zone wise Village Components
The CDPA is comprised of 156 villages. They are located both in the
municipal/urban areas and the rural areas. The land use prescription has
also to be integrated with the village boundaries and each village wise
land use map has been prepared in 1:4000 scale, which will be an
essential part of the statutory obligation of implementation of the CDP.
Zone wise village list is described in Annexure II.
The village wise proposed maps will form part of the CDP and will be
sequentially numbered zone wise.
294
Investment Plan
Introduction
15.1
15
Introduction
The different sectoral plans for Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA)
that have been drawn up for achievement over the period up to 2030
have given a rough estimate of investment to be undertaken.
Notwithstanding the fact that this is just an indicative investment plan, it
would be imperative to find out sources of enhanced capital finances to
be able to carry out the required investment. Again, it has been a
common experience that many of the capital expenditure has not been
sustained properly leading the delivery of services to suffer. Therefore,
sustenance of capital expenditure in terms of operation and maintenance
of assets created becomes all the more important and this calls for
looking at the recurrent revenue options.
15.2
Sector-wise Investment Proposal
A summary of sector-wise investment plan for all the sectors covering

traffic and transportation, housing, social infrastructure, tourism and
heritage have been shown in Table 15.1, 15.2, 15.7, 15.8 & 15.9
respectively. For physical infrastructure tentative cost has been estimated
component wise in Table 15.3, 15.4, 15.5 & 15.6.
Table 15.1: Tentative Investment Plan of Traffic and Transportation
Sl.No.
Proposed actions
Road network capacity improvement

i. Creation of new road links
ii. Capacity augmentation of existing links
iii. Up-gradation and improvement of existing link
iv. Improvement of intersections
v. Provision of pedestrian and cyclist facilities
New bridges (1 no.s)
i. On Kathajodi (1 no.s)
ii. On Mahanadi (1 no.s)
iii. On Birupa (2 no.s)
iv. On Kuakhai (1 no.s)
Creation of bus terminal facilities
i. Bidanasi
ii. Sikharpur
iii. Choudwar
iv. Nirgundi
Cost in
(Crores)
1430
1240
110
Creation of freight terminal and transshipment facilities

i. Logistic hub facilities in Nirgundi
ii. Truck terminal and whole sale trading zone in Sikharpur
350
Provision of mass transit facilities (High Capacity Bus Transit System) for inter-urban
movement in CDPA
720
Provision of elevated mass transit option for intra-urban movement in Cuttack
800
Construction of parking facilities (provision of grade separated off-street facilities along

with improvement of on-street facilities)
40
Total
4690
* This costs are tentative and do not include land acquisition cost
295
15
Investment Plan
Summary of Sector Wise

Investment Proposal
2030 Housing
Area (in
acres)
Land
Acquisition
cost
(lakhs/acre)
Land
Development
Costs
(in lakhs/acre)
Total
Development
Cost (per
acre)
2030 Total
Development
Cost in
Crores
409
25
10
35
143.15
582
18
10
28
162.96
Intensive
317
25
10
35
110.95
Nimapur
Extensive
386
30
10
40
154.40
Bidanasi
Extensive
729
200
(Inclusive of land
Development cost)
200
1458.00
Old Cuttack
Restricted
237
215
10
225
533.25
Sikharpur
Extensive
510
135
10
145
739.50
Mundali
Sensitive
282
30
10
40
112.80
10
Barang
Extensive
361
30
10
40
144.40
11
Gopalpur
Extensive
663
115
10
125
828.75
1084
25
10
35
379.40
10
86
4767.56
Planning
Zone
Extensive
Planning
Zone No.
Type
Table 15.2: Cost of Housing Development
Nirgundi
Charbatia
Restricted
Chhatisa
Sensitive
Choudwar
5560
Grand Total
Table 15.3: Tentative cost estimate (in crores) of proposed water

supply distribution systems in 2030 for various zones of CDPA
Sl. No.
Areas
Total capital
cost(Crores)
Nirgundi
19
Charbatia
18
Chhatisa
Choudwar
13
Nimapur
26
Bidanasi
56
Old Cuttack
78
Sikharpur
49
Mundali
10
Barang
25
11
Gopalpur
40
Cost of Industrial water demand
175
Total CDPA
541
*Add the cost towards the price escalation of materials@10% and the cost towards
296
Investment Plan

Investment Proposal
15

sewerage systems in 2030 for CDPA
Sl. No.
Areas
Total capital cost(Crores)
Nirgundi
42
Charbatia
42
Chhatisa
Choudwar
Nimapur
Bidanasi
Old Cuttack
Sikharpur
Mundali
23
10
Barang
54
11
Gopalpur
86
33
54
353
Total CDPA
687
Add the cost towards the price escalation of materials@10% and the cost towards
Table 15.5: Expected cost estimate of the proposed drainage

system in CDPA.
Sl.No.
Total capital costs for

drainage in (Crores)
Zones
Nirgundi
37
Charbatia
37
Chhatisa
22
Choudwar
23
Nimapur
35
Bidanasi,
Old Cuttack and Sikharpur
106
Mundali
42
Barang
47
Gopalpur
31
10
Total CDPA
380
Gopalpur
Chhatisa
Charbatia
Mundali
11.0
5.5
17.5
1.5
8.0
4.0
CDPA Total
Cost
(Crores)
Choudwar
8.0
Barang
Nimapur
45
Nirgundi
Total
Capital
Costs
Bidanasi,
Old Cuttack
and
Sikharpur
Item

SWM and treatment systems in 2030 for CDPA
11.0
111.5
297
15
Investment Plan

Investment Proposal
Table 15.7: Tentative Cost Estimate (In Crores) of Proposed Social Infrastructural Facilities for CDPA
Additional No. of
Facilities required
Type of Facility
Educational
Primary School
47
47
Secondary School+ Senior Secondary School
37
101
College, University + Prof. Tech. Institute
Health
84
148
Hospital + Health Care Centres
320
Nursing home
10
12
330
50
11
Telecommunication
Postal Service
49
148
Recreational Hall (Cinema/Auditorium)
39
33
1350 (Area in ha)
34
17
10
Fire Service
Others
CDPA
Total Cost (Crores)
Parks and Playground

Community hall and Library
Music dance and Drama Center
Power Infrastructure
Total CDPA
64
1550
208
1842
304
2320
Table 15.8: Land Requirement and Cost of Development for Tourism
Zone
No.
2
3
4
5
Location Description
Charbatia
(Choudwar (M), CDPA Rural)
Chhatisa
(CDPA Rural)
Choudwar
( Choudwar (M))
Nimapur
(CMC)
Bidanasi
Old Cuttack
8
9
10
11
(CMC)
(CMC)
Sikharpur
(CMC)
Mundali
(CDPA Rural)
Barang
(CDPA Rural)
Gopalpur
(CMC)
Area required (in Hectares)
Cost (in
Crores)
10
15
10
10
10
30
15
25
20
10
15
15
10
10
25
30
25
10
Tourism Publicity Budget (for tre CDPA Planning Area)
Tourism Training Infrastructure (for the CDPA Planning Area)
Services like Water supply, Sewerage, Solid waste management, Power and Telecommunication
(for CDPA Planning Area)
30
Total
298
176
Investment Plan
15
Table 15.9: Cost of Preservation and Promotion of Heritage
Zone
No.
2&4
Broad Zone
Cost
(In Crores)
Charbatia & Choudwar Fort
40
Barabati Fort, Old Cuttack

Cantonment, Old Cuttack
Judiciary Complex, Old Cuttack
60
35
15
Other Areas, Old Cuttack

River Front Development along Mahandi and Kathajodi
Inventory of heritage resources (for the CDPA Planning Area)
Preservation and restoration of heritage structures, precincts and water bodies (for the CDPA
Planning Area ) (Acquisition cost not included)
25
75
250
Public awareness (for the CDPA Planning Area)
Total
260
15.3
It is observed by adding the sectoral plans through gross estimate as

shown in Table 15.10; the CDPA Comprehensive Development Plan will
require a total public and private sector investment of around Rs.18,940
crores during next 25 years.
Table 15.10: Sectoral Investment Plan for CDPA
Sl. No.
Sectors
Approx. Cost (In Crores)
4690
Housing
4770
3
4
5
6
7
8
Tourism
Heritage
Commercial Development
Misc.
1720
2320
180
260
2,500
2,500
Total
18,940
However, of this total tentative capital investment amount for all sectors,
an approximate amount of Rs.5,000 crores will be the public investment.
This fund will be raised through specially created BCUC Infrastructure
Fund. Balance requirement will be met from long term Loan, Public
Private Partnership Projects, Capital finance through devolution of fund,
User Charges, increased and reformed Tax base and improved
Collection.
299
15
Investment Plan
300
Table 3.6 : Zone-wise Percentage Area of Land Use
Zone
No.
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
Location
Description
Nirgundi
Charbatia
Chatissa
Choudwar
Nimapur
Bidanasi
Old Cuttack
Sikharpur
Mundali
Barang
Gopalpur
CDPA
Public/
SemiPublic/
Institution
Utility &
Services
Recreational
Vacant
Land
Agricultural
Land
Vegetation/
Forest
Land
Waste
Land
Water bodies/
Wet Land
Others
Total
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
Area
(in ha)
151.14
72.79
6.31
59.02
3.96
3.11
2.14
104.58
1711.34
397.8
216.69
181.94
14.18
2925.00
Area
%
5.17
2.49
0.21
2.02
0.14
0.11
0.07
3.57
58.51
13.60
7.41
6.22
0.48
100.00
Area
(in ha)
285.04
4.56
73.02
73.18
591.76
35.74
16.23
143.88
863.25
581.86
218.85
40.59
33.31
2961.27
Area
%
9.63
0.15
2.47
2.47
19.98
1.21
0.55
4.86
29.15
19.65
7.39
1.37
1.12
100.00
32.6
0.18
0.00
9.55
2.00
0.74
0.93
9.29
605.33
122.20
547.17
365.44
50.65
1746.08
1.87
0.01
0.00
0.55
0.11
0.04
0.05
0.53
34.67
7.00
31.34
20.93
2.90
100.00
155.68
5.51
30.48
46.89
15.26
9.73
8.37
127.23
355.23
401.54
279.29
316.12
79.72
1831.05
Area
(in ha)
Area
%
Area
(in ha)
Area
%
Area
(in ha)
Area
%
8.50
0.30
1.67
2.56
0.83
0.53
0.46
6.95
19.40
21.93
15.25
17.27
4.35
100.00
256.75
14.44
87.18
75.63
16.16
0.16
1.75
219.87
590.58
324.2
535.7
684.52
16.51
2823.45
9.09
0.51
3.09
2.68
0.57
0.01
0.06
7.79
20.92
11.48
18.97
24.24
0.59
100.00
Area
(in ha)
399.02
3.18
0.00
106.14
42.06
25.37
31.48
360.66
27.04
588.64
1332.90
383.72
17.41
3317.62
12.03
0.10
0.00
3.20
1.27
0.76
0.95
10.87
0.81
17.74
40.18
11.57
0.52
100.00
676.70
93.42
0.24
153.57
109.94
13.51
69.84
150.48
0.00
218.93
210.53
632.95
7.10
2337.21
Area
%
28.95
4.00
0.01
6.57
4.70
0.58
2.99
6.44
0.00
9.37
9.01
27.08
0.30
100.00
Area
(in ha)
441.45
33.55
18.14
120.13
63.49
34.90
16.90
279.06
192.05
514.41
380.62
524.35
79.97
2699.02
Area
%
16.36
1.24
0.67
4.45
2.35
1.29
0.63
10.34
7.12
19.06
14.10
19.43
2.96
100.00
107.37
1.11
4.83
53.25
71.24
8.00
4.72
72.28
958.45
1224.45
538.53
180.28
85.36
3309.87
3.25
0.03
0.15
1.61
2.15
0.24
0.14
2.18
28.96
36.99
16.27
5.45
2.58
100.00
223.71
4.75
10.52
63.71
13.99
3.34
4.18
240.27
881.91
587.39
915.83
505.42
333.27
3788.29
5.90
0.13
0.28
1.68
0.37
0.09
0.11
6.34
23.28
15.51
24.17
13.34
8.80
100.00
258.39
24.88
5.04
75.88
21.59
3.46
6.00
358.89
321.68
411.78
586.99
181.38
222.52
2478.48
10.43
1.00
0.20
3.06
0.87
0.14
0.24
14.48
12.98
16.62
23.68
7.32
8.98
100.00
2987.85
258.37
235.76
836.95
951.45
138.06
162.54
2066.49
6506.86
5373.20
5763.10
3996.71
940.00
30217.34
9.89
0.85
0.78
2.77
3.15
0.46
0.54
6.84
21.53
17.78
19.07
13.23
3.11
100.00
Area
%
Area
(in ha)
Area
(in ha)
Area
%
Area
(in ha)
Area
%
Area
(in ha)
Area
%
Area
(in ha)
Area
%
Zone 01: Nirgundi
Zone 02: Charbatia
Zone 03: Chhatisa
Zone 04: Choudwar
Zone 06: Bidanasi
Zone 07: Old Cuttack
Zone 08: Sikharpur
Zone 09: Mundali
Zone 11: Gopalpur
Zone 05: Nimapur
Zone 10: Barang
CDPA
Fig 3.6: Zone-wise Percentage Area of Land Use

with PIE Diagrams
Table 3.7: Zone-wise Ownership Interpretation

Zone
No.
Location
Description
Area
(in ha)
01
Nirgundi
Area %
Area
(in ha)
02
Charbatia
Area %
03
Chhatisa
Area
(in ha)
Area %
Area
(in ha)
04
Choudwar
Area %
05
Nimapur
Area
(in ha)
Area %
Area
(in ha)
06
Bidanasi
Area %
Area
(in ha)
07
Old
Cuttack
Area %
Area
(in ha)
08
Sikharpur
Area %
09
Mundali
Area
(in ha)
Area %
Area
(in ha)
10
Barang
Area %
11
Gopalpur
Area
(in ha)
Area %
Government
Government
Reserved
Temple/
Trustee
Government
Forest
Private
Ownership
Not
Available
Plot No. not

available
Total
356.61
200.72
117.15
0.00
1494.80
755.72
0.00
2925.00
12.19
6.86
4.01
0.00
51.10
25.84
0.00
100.00
954.69
286.85
144.35
32.22
1431.69
110.54
0.93
2961.27
32.24
9.69
4.87
1.09
48.35
3.73
0.03
100.00
696.72
107.24
97.91
0.00
824.45
17.15
2.62
1746.08
39.90
6.14
5.61
0.00
47.22
0.98
0.15
100.00
634.88
77.53
81.93
2.87
997.30
19.38
17.16
1831.05
34.67
4.23
4.47
0.16
54.47
1.06
0.94
100.00
865.81
166.06
30.86
0.00
745.48
1012.16
3.07
2823.45
30.67
5.88
1.09
0.00
26.40
35.85
0.11
100.00
2453.22
277.46
51.33
0.00
518.91
0.00
16.70
3317.62
73.95
8.36
1.55
0.00
15.64
0.00
0.50
100.00
1457.54
49.28
78.23
0.00
733.98
13.01
5.17
2337.21
62.36
2.11
3.35
0.00
31.40
0.56
0.22
100.00
1202.21
136.70
37.74
0.00
1148.31
168.40
5.65
2699.02
44.54
5.06
1.40
0.00
42.55
6.24
0.21
100.00
1437.42
546.51
46.42
0.00
1272.78
0.88
5.86
3309.87
43.43
16.51
1.40
0.00
38.45
0.03
0.18
100.00
1803.42
175.28
64.54
10.10
1711.16
18.82
4.97
3788.29
47.61
4.63
1.70
0.27
45.17
0.50
0.13
100.00
Arakhkud Aliash Telengapenth, Bandhachhara Aliash

Kacharamal, Bhanpur, Gopalpur, Nuahat, Pratapnagari
(part), Srikoruan, Subhadrapur, Uttamapur
1248.88
88.76
37.28
0.00
1068.87
27.43
7.26
2478.48
50.39
3.58
1.50
0.00
43.13
1.11
0.29
100.00
Area (in ha)
13110.75
2112.53
787.70
45.20
11947.95
2143.81
69.39
30217.34
Area %
43.39
6.99
2.61
0.15
39.54
7.09
0.23
100.00
Villages within the Zone
Agarjodi, Alana, Alarpur, Athabatia, Banika, Barachancho,

Barakesarpur, Bharandi, Bilteruan, Charbatia, Deulchua,
Garudagan, Harianta, Hatsisua, Jajabhairabi, Kujibar,
Manguli, Nakhara, Narapara, Nelia, Nimapara, Nirgundi,
Padhania, Palasa, Sainto, Sanachancho, Sanakesarpur,
Sardola, Tarato.
Agarpara, Agrahat, Bandala, Banipada (part), Bhabadeipur
(part), Choudwar (part), Chhatisa, Chhatisa No. 2 (part),
Gopalpur (part), Jajabhairabi, Kalyansinhpur (part),
Kapaleswar (part), Kedareswar, Mangalpur, Mundamal,
Nuagan (part), Soshapatana.
Bhabadeipur (part), Chhatisa No.1, Gopalpur,
Indranipatana Aliash Gaukhana (part), Jhatia, Kayalapara,
Mahanadi (part), Nuagan (part), Similihand, Udaynagar (part)
Banipada, Chashapara, Choudwar (part), Chatissa No.2
(part), Daulatabad, Gobindjiupatana, Godipatana, Gpoalpur
(part), Haranathpur, Indranipatana Aliash Gaukhana (part),
Jenipurnarasinpur, Kalyansinhpur (part), Kapaleswar (part),
Mahanadi (Part), Sultanpur
Andeisahi, Gopinathpur, Gunjarpur, Imamnagar, Khaera,
Nimapur, Tarol
Arilo (part), Baimundinagar, Bentakarpara (part), Bidansi,
Bidyadharpur (part), Brajabiharipur, Chandinichouk,
Deulasahi North, Deulasahi South, Krushnachandrapur
(part), Mahanadi (part), Mundamuhan (part), Nayasarak,
Ramagarh, Subarnapur (part), Tangarhuda (part), Tulasipur
North, Tulasipur South, Udayanagar (part)
Badambadi, Barabatikila, Bisinabar, Buxibazar, Cantonment,
Choudhuribazar, College Square, Dolamundei,
Jhanjirimangala, Jobra, Kathagarasahi, Machhuabazar,
Madhupatana, Mahanadi, Mahanadi No.2, Mangalabag,
Mirkamalpatna, Nayasarak, Oriabazar, Rajabagicha, Ranihat,
Samant sahi, Sutahat
Andarpur, Arunadayanagar, Bagulapada, Banabidyadharpur,
Bhadimul, Bidyadharpur, Chauliaganj, Dianrajahansa,
Gandarpur, Gateirautpatana, Gunadol, Kanhaipur, Kantilo,
Matagajapur, Nuapara, Paisa, Poparada, Sartol, Shilpapuri,
Sikharpur
Chakradharpur, Chandiprasad, Govindpur, Mundali,
Narajmarathapur, Nuagan, Ramdaspur, Ratagarhlenkasahi,
Talagar
Arilo (part), Bachhapur, Belagachhia, Bentakarpara (part),
Bidyadharpur (part), Brahmangan, Brajabiharipur (part),
Dadhapatna, Krushnachandrapur, Kunheipara, Madhubana,
Madhupur, Madhusudanpur, Mundamuhan (part), Naranpur,
Padmalavanagar, Panchupal, Patapur, Phakirpara,
Pratapnagari (part), Sribantapur, Subarnapur (part),
Tangarhuda (part)
CDPA
Zone 01: Nirgundi
Zone 06: Bidanasi
Zone 02: Charbatia
Zone 03: Chhatisa
Zone 04: Choudwar
Zone 05: Nimapur
Zone 08: Sikharpur
Zone 09: Mundali
Zone 10: Barang
Govt
Govt Reserved
Temple/Trustee
Govt Forest
Private
Ownership NA
Plot No NA
Zone 11: Gopalpur
CDPA
Fig 3.8: Zone-wise Ownership Interpretation with

PIE Diagrams
Table 10.1: Tourism Proposal of CDPA
Zone
No.
Location
Description
Charbatia
(Choudwar (M),
CDPA Rural)
Chhatisa
(CDPA Rural)
Choudwar
( Choudwar (M))
Nimapur
Bidanasi
(CMC)
(CMC)
Broad Zone
Zone area
in Sq.Kms
Existing Characteristics
Proposed Tourism functions/ Tourism potential
Restricted
Development
29.64
Cantonment and ASI protected

area, Choudwar Fort,
Asthasambhu temples
Ceremonial open spaces, brass and bell metal artefact display and sales centres around the Charbatia Fort for tourists interest. Open Air Theatre
near the fort for performing the traditional Ghoda Naach. Restoration and Conservation of major waterbodies along the religious complexes of the
Ashthashambhu circuit.
Sensitive
Development
17.46
Low lying agricultural lands
Amusement parks, with lagoons/ lakes after proper identification and delieneation of the drainage channels. Pisiculture/floriculture, herbal gardens.
Pilgrims rest shelter, toilets and eateries on the way to Dhabaleswar Temple
Intensive
Development
18.28
Old factories, Industries,

Developable land
Extensive
Development
28.14
Proximity to NH 5, Periurban
area, Mahanadi River front,
Agricultural fields
Special recreational activities with parks and gardens, water sports, movie theatres, food streets, etc. Extensive development is preferred for Sports
Complex, Fitness Centres, etc.
Extensive
Development
33.39
Developable open space,

Residential colonies,
Institutions, River fronts
Along the Mahanadi river banks, picnic spots, martyrs memorial, landscaped parks (Shantiban, Delhi style) for Oriya historic personalities can be
made for tourist attraction (Utkal Ratna Bhumi). Open spaces with beautiful landscape can be earmarked for fair grounds, religious discourses, etc
along with Deer Park, birds sanctuary, etc.
Folk art and Horse-dance training and performance areas, Religious and Cultural Fair Grounds. A Textile-and-Handicraft Hub and Building Industries
along with Mason Training Centres. Ashthashambhu circuit with pilgrim shelters, eateries, shops, toilets, etc.
Tourist complex around historical Barabati Fort can be developed with archaeological museum, light and sound shows, tourist-care activities, etc.
Surrounding moat or water course can be revived for paddle boating, musical fountains, landscaped gardens, etc. Formal spaces can be introduced
for performing traditional yatra with the peripheral audience seating near the landscape gardens.
Old Cuttack
(CMC)
Restricted
Development
23.36
Wholesale and retail markets,

Colonial heritage structures,
Barabati Fort, Stadiums
Historical parks depicting chronological development of Cuttack city. Barabati Haat, an Oriya Cultural Ensemble in the line of Delhi Haat where the
tourist can see the glimpses of Orissas rich traditional art and culture, cuisine, handicrafts, textile and lifestyle in one place only. Only temporary
kiosks will be allowed at the Barabati Haat instead of permanent buildings.
Netajis birth place can be conserved through urban conservation program with appropriate landscaping, environmental lighting, Homage offer site,
etc. Youth Development Centre for inspiring power among the youth, generating patriotic awareness and community service may bear the scope of
new allied development for this Veer Sthal. Suitable
River Strand Drive Program should be introduced along the entire stretch of Mahanadi from Naraj point to Jobra barrage.
10
11
Extensive
Development
26.99
Mixed residential area,

Agricultural lands, River fronts
Along Taladanda Canal, Urban Parkway System may be introduced with intermittent approach ghats for navigational and other socio-cultural
activities. Boating for tourists may be planned in the line of Backwater Cruise in Kerala.
Sensitive
Development
33.10
Forest, Hills, Agricultural fields,

Mahanadi and Kathajodi River
front and village settlements
Golf Club, Club Town, riverside resorts. Afforestration and recreational parks such as Energy Park, resort housing along the foothills thereby forming
ideal locations for picnic spots. Interesting spot for activities such as trekking, bird watching, etc.
(CDPA Rural)
Extensive
Development
37.68
Villages having vast vacant

developable lands, River front
High-end activity zone with high-end commercial activities along the riverfront. Open spaces for religious discourses, Yoga Clubs, naturopathy
centers, etc. have been proposed along the riverfront near Sri Sri Ravi Shankar University. Also a Science and Technology Entrepreneurs Park has
been proposed in this zone along the riverfront.
Gopalpur
(CMC)
Extensive
Development
24.79
Proximity to NH 5, Vacant
agricultural land and speculated
holdings
Near Jain Museum Complex and near the meeting points of Kuakhai river and Puri Canal, integrated recreational development with small cottages,
boat cruises, picnic spots etc.
Sikharpur
(CMC)
Mundali
(CDPA Rural)
Barang
Table 10.2: Land Requirement and Cost of Development
Zone
No.
Location
Description
Charbatia
(Choudwar (M),
CDPA Rural)
Chhatisa
(CDPA Rural)
Choudwar
( Choudwar (M))
Nimapur
(CMC)
Bidanasi
(CMC)
Zone area
in Sq.Kms
Proposed Tourism functions/ Tourism potential
Area
required (in
Hectares)
Cost (in
Crores)
Restricted
Development
29.64
Ceremonial open spaces, brass and bell metal artefact display and sales centres around the Charbatia Fort for tourists interest. Open Air Theatre
near the fort for performing the traditional Ghoda Naach. Restoration and Conservation of major waterbodies along the religious complexes of the
Ashthashambhu circuit.
10
Sensitive
Development
17.46
Amusement parks, with lagoons/ lakes after proper identification and delieneation of the drainage channels. Pisiculture/floriculture, herbal gardens.
Pilgrims rest shelter, toilets and eateries on the way to Dhabaleswar Temple
15
10
Intensive
Development
18.28
along with Mason Training Centres. Ashthashambhu circuit with pilgrim shelters, eateries, shops, toilets, etc.
10
10
Extensive
Development
28.14
Special recreational activities with parks and gardens, water sports, movie theatres, food streets, etc. Extensive development is preferred for Sports
Complex, Fitness Centres, etc.
30
15
Extensive
Development
33.39
Along the Mahanadi river banks, picnic spots, martyrs memorial, landscaped parks (Shantiban, Delhi style) for Oriya historic personalities can be
made for tourist attraction (Utkal Ratna Bhumi). Open spaces with beautiful landscape can be earmarked for fair grounds, religious discourses, etc
along with Deer Park, birds sanctuary, etc.
25
20
10
15
Broad Zone
Folk art and Horse-dance training and performance areas, Religious and Cultural Fair Grounds. A Textile-and-Handicraft Hub and Building Industries
Tourist complex around historical Barabati Fort can be developed with archaeological museum, light and sound shows, tourist-care activities, etc.
Surrounding moat or water course can be revived for paddle boating, musical fountains, landscaped gardens, etc. Formal spaces can be introduced
for performing traditional yatra with the peripheral audience seating near the landscape gardens.
Old Cuttack
(CMC)
Restricted
Development
23.36
Historical parks depicting chronological development of Cuttack city. Barabati Haat, an Oriya Cultural Ensemble in the line of Delhi Haat where the
tourist can see the glimpses of Orissas rich traditional art and culture, cuisine, handicrafts, textile and lifestyle in one place only. Only temporary
kiosks will be allowed at the Barabati Haat instead of permanent buildings.
Netajis birth place can be conserved through urban conservation program with appropriate landscaping, environmental lighting, Homage offer site,
etc. Youth Development Centre for inspiring power among the youth, generating patriotic awareness and community service may bear the scope of
new allied development for this Veer Sthal. Suitable
River Strand Drive Program should be introduced along the entire stretch of Mahanadi from Naraj point to Jobra barrage.
Sikharpur
(CMC)
Mundali
(CDPA Rural)
Extensive
Development
26.99
Along Taladanda Canal, Urban Parkway System may be introduced with intermittent approach ghats for navigational and other socio-cultural activities.
Boating for tourists may be planned in the line of Backwater Cruise in Kerala.
15
10
Sensitive
Development
33.10
Golf Club, Club Town, riverside resorts. Afforestration and recreational parks such as Energy Park, resort housing along the foothills thereby forming
ideal locations for picnic spots. Interesting spot for activities such as trekking, bird watching, etc.
10
25
30
25
10
10
Barang
(CDPA Rural)
Extensive
Development
37.68
High-end activity zone with high-end commercial activities along the riverfront. Open spaces for religious discourses, Yoga Clubs, naturopathy centers,
etc. have been proposed along the riverfront near Sri Sri Ravi Shankar University. Also a Science and Technology Entrepreneurs Park has been
proposed in this zone along the riverfront.
11
Gopalpur
(CMC)
Extensive
Development
24.79
Near Jain Museum Complex and near the meeting points of Kuakhai river and Puri Canal, integrated recreational development with small cottages,
boat cruises, picnic spots etc.
Tourism Publicity Budget (for tre CDPA Planning Area)

Tourism Training Infrastructure (for the CDPA Planning Area)
Services like Water supply, Sewerage, Solid waste management, Power and Telecommunication (for CDPA Planning Area)
30
Total
176
Table 11.1: Signifiant Heritage Areas

Zone name
Charbatia
Zone No:
02
&
Choudwar
Zone No:
04
Area name
Main Elements
Quality
Recommended measures
Choudwar Fort & Astha

shambhu Temples
Archeological, Historical Natural,

Socio- cultural (Astha Sambhu
Temples, Ghora naach)
High
Preservation &
development
Typical Features
A. Special Areas
1. Barabati Fort
2. Cantonment Area
Archeological, Historical Natural ,

Architectural
Historical, Institutional , Townscape ,

Architectural
Very High
Careful Preservation
High
Preservation of townscape
and institutional activity,
harmonious infill
development
Very High
Preservation of urban
precinct and harmonious
infill development
Excellent
Redevelopmemnt and
revitalisation
High
.Promotion of Filigree
works and preservation of
listed structures and
precincts
Old Cuttack
Zone No:
07
3. Judiciary Complex
4. River Front
B. Other Area
Historical, Architectural, Townscape
Natural, Historical, Townscape
Townscape, Architectural, Historical ,

Cultural (Filigree work)
Table 11.2: Proposed activities and land use classification of various Heritage Zones in CDPA
Zone
No.
2&4
Land Use Category

Name
Significance
Recommendations
Level I
Charbatia and
Choudwar Fort
Bidanasi
Barabati Fort
7
Cantonment
Judiciary Complex
Archeological reserve, pilgrimage circuit,

indigenous performing art form and
artist community, water bodies
S2
Initiating afforestation with

mandatory approval from ASI
S4
Rehabilitation and revitalization of

the existing settlements
I 10
Craft Village: Promotion through

training and workshops, organised
marketing, incentives and
modernisation, regulated river
front development.
Natural heritage - river front
Historical site and archeological reserve,

festival ground, natural heritage( moat
and river front)
Diverse architectural , built and

institutional heritage, river front (natural
heritage)
Architectural, built and institutional

heritage
S2
Initiating afforestation with

mandatory approval from ASI
S5
Core area preservation,

Urban design controls
S1
Preservation of townscape value.

Regulation of urban design
guidelines.
Proposed activities Institutional
and Govt. residential.
S1
Preservation of townscape value

and development of pedestrian
precinct. Regulation of urban
design guidelines.
I 10
I 10
I 10
Uses Permitted
Levels of Control
Level II
Archeological Park and protected

archeological reserve with landscaping,
planned heritage trails and pilgrimage circuit,
development of basic minimum facilities for
visitors.
Training and workshops, museums, research
and documentation centre, folk art and craft
museum, open air theatre and tourists spots
at Charbatia, training centre for folk art
(Ghora Naach)
Craft Village, as well as, a Centre for
promotion of filigree works at an international
level.
Son-et-luminiere show, Historical Theme
Park, Interpretation centre and museum; fair
ground, cultural complex, landscaping ,
temporary training camps and workshops,
revival of the surrounding moat.
Amphitheatre, fair ground, heritage
interpretation centre, water front
development.
Restoration and rehabilitation of unused or
derelict heritage structures to accommodate
new activities like guest houses, club houses,
schools, institutes etc. to be allowed. New
harmonious construction/developments may
be allowed for totally derelict and unlisted
structures.
Preservation
Restricted Development,
No construction activity and mining
operation permitted.
Regulated Development
Regulated Development
Special Area, Protected Area,

No constructional activity and mining
operation permitted.
Prohibited and regulated area.
Height and FAR Restriction
Prohibited and regulated area.

Height and FAR Restriction, set-back
regulations, urban design control.
Restricted Development ,
Generally no construction activity. In
special cases, harmonious new
constructions may be permitted with
approval from Heritage Committee.
Table 11.3: Cost of Preservation and Promotion of Heritage
Zone
No.
2&4
Broad Zone
Charbatia & Choudwar Fort
Intensive Development
includes 3 temples of the
Astha Shambhu Complex;
Rest of the areas is included
within the Restricted
Development
Barabati Fort, Old Cuttack
Restricted Development
Cantonment, Old Cuttack
Judiciary Complex, Old

Cuttack
Other Areas, Old Cuttack
River Front Development along Mahandi and Kathajodi
Proposed Heritage and Cultural functions
Cost
(In Crores)
Archeological Park and protected archeological reserve with proper maintenance and landscaping, planned heritage trails and basic
minimum facilities, folk art centre and sympathetic development of necessary facilities and amenities, Fort is well protected but needs
promotion and interpretation, further excavation, Preservation of Astha Shambhu Temples, Revatilizing local folk art (Ghora Naach)
through training and workshops, festivals, museums, research and documentation centre, folk art and craft museum, open air theatre and
tourists spots at Charbatia, Historical Theme Park; Son-et-luminiere show, Enlisting, grading and suitable recommendations for all
historical structures and tanks within Zone 2.
Protected area of highest significance, Son-et-luminiere show, Historical Theme Park, Interpretation centre and museum within the Fort;
fair ground, cultural complex in the vicinity, Large scale natural green area required for protecting structures from pollution, Effectively
dealing with the issue of encroachment, Temporary training camps and workshops, Revival of surrounding moat to be used for boating as
a recreational facility, Activities that are permitted beyond the protected area but within 200 m are amphitheatre, fair ground, heritage
interpretation centre, water front development.
Preservation of townscape value and heritage structures, Regulation and urban design guidelines for new construction, Proposed
activities for Institutional and Govt. residential, Preservation of Colonial Township, Enlisting, grading and suitable recommendations for all
historical structures, precincts, landmarks within cantonment, Development Controls specified for any new construction, Urban design
guidelines prescribed specially for some of the streets. e.g. Cantonment Road and Street adjoining the areas, Restoration and
rehabilitation of unused or derelict heritage structures for new activities like guest houses, club houses, schools, institutes etc., well
organized guided tours to colonial landmarks supported by well planned tourist facilities.
40
60
35
Public activities with high value built heritage and socio cultural institutes, Preservation and augmentation of Townscape value,
Prescription of Urban design guidelines, Restriction on unsympathetic new construction. Intrinsic morphology of the area must not be
disrupted, Identified precincts to be pedestrianised, Improvement and augmentation of facilities and amenities for the users.
15
Conservation and Preservation of significant heritage areas of Cuttack like the prestigious institution- Ravenshaw University; memorials
like the Netaji Birth Place Museum; built forms depicting colonial architectural character such as Jobra Workshop, Chinese Restaurant, the
Kanika Raja Palace and the Darpani Rani Palace, etc. Conservation of existing work-cum-living centres of the filigree workers and
proposal for a new institute.
City level open spaces, parks, fair ground, recreational areas, cultural complex, commercial development, institutional areas, resorts,
hotels and residential complex. Specific urban design guidelines need to be formulated to develop the river banks into attractive zones.
Recreational and Cultural Hub at Gopalpur: Drama Academy, Fair Ground, Open Air Theatre, and Parks. Special bye-laws and
regulations to be formulated Priority for open space based water front related recreational activities. Encouragement of related commercial
activities, specific institutional areas and housing, Urban design guidelines to be prescribed, Enlisting, grading and suitable
recommendations for all historical structures, tanks, precincts, significant secular structures, Improvement and augmentation of facilities
and amenities, Dealing issue of encroachment and polluting activities.
25
75
Total cost for preservation and restoration of heritage structures, precincts and water bodies (for the CDPA Planning Area ) (Acquisition cost not included)
250
Inventory of heritage resources (for the CDPA Planning Area)
Public awareness (for the CDPA Planning Area)
Total
260
Table 14.3 : Percentage Area of Proposed Zone-wise Land Use
Zone
No.
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
Residential
Retail
Commercial
and Business
Wholesale
Commerce
Industrial
Public and
SemiPublic
Utility &
Services
Recreational
Transportation
Agriculture
and Forest
Water Bodies
Special
Heritage
Environmental
ly Sensitive
Total
Area
(in ha)
759.46
281.80
202.49
287.42
196.12
34.22
28.47
756.84
126.35
201.96
15.80
34.06
2925.00
Area %
25.96
9.63
6.92
9.83
6.71
1.17
0.97
25.87
4.32
6.90
0.54
1.16
100.00
Area
(in ha)
434.10
15.32
0.00
280.23
768.52
42.46
428.04
235.87
351.22
53.58
351.93
0.00
2961.27
Area %
14.66
0.52
0.00
9.46
25.95
1.43
14.45
7.97
11.86
1.81
11.88
0.00
100.00
Area
(in ha)
380.06
30.17
0.00
278.52
154.13
0.00
143.27
135.62
48.69
573.03
0.00
2.59
1746.08
Area %
21.77
1.73
0.00
15.95
8.83
0.00
8.21
7.77
2.79
32.82
0.00
0.15
100.00
Area
(in ha)
383.18
49.23
21.72
443.61
12.39
10.29
152.20
186.82
0.00
437.26
118.02
16.32
1831.05
Area %
20.93
2.69
1.19
24.23
0.68
0.56
8.31
10.20
0.00
23.88
6.45
0.89
100.00
Area
(in ha)
785.09
53.67
11.35
259.75
95.70
14.13
19.10
298.52
0.00
1211.20
0.00
74.95
2823.45
Area %
27.81
1.90
0.40
9.20
3.39
0.50
0.68
10.57
0.00
42.90
0.00
2.65
100.00
Area
(in ha)
645.47
46.42
0.00
0.00
192.95
21.84
27.52
257.73
27.45
1765.85
16.04
316.35
3317.62
Area %
19.46
1.40
0.00
0.00
5.82
0.66
0.83
7.77
0.83
53.23
0.48
9.54
100.00
Area
(in ha)
658.27
116.88
2.75
0.00
140.75
17.14
199.22
230.63
0.00
825.05
140.75
5.77
2337.21
Area %
28.16
5.00
0.12
0.00
6.02
0.73
8.52
9.87
0.00
35.30
6.02
0.25
100.00
Area
(in ha)
944.79
34.25
67.17
25.11
268.02
52.74
9.46
358.51
0.00
872.03
0.00
66.93
2699.02
Area %
35.00
1.27
2.49
0.93
9.93
1.95
0.35
13.28
0.00
32.31
0.00
2.48
100.00
Area
(in ha)
713.69
0.00
0.00
0.00
676.57
107.70
391.95
282.40
508.31
616.88
0.00
12.37
3309.87
Area %
21.56
0.00
0.00
0.00
20.44
3.25
11.84
8.53
15.36
18.64
0.00
0.37
100.00
Area
(in ha)
986.47
153.17
0.00
77.66
584.46
7.52
43.72
415.64
34.16
1222.43
0.00
263.06
3788.29
Area %
26.04
4.04
0.00
2.05
15.43
0.20
1.15
10.97
0.90
32.27
0.00
6.94
100.00
Area
(in ha)
844.59
234.07
0.00
0.00
121.02
19.87
0.00
344.12
0.00
612.16
0.00
302.65
2478.48
Area %
34.08
9.44
0.00
0.00
4.88
0.80
0.00
13.88
0.00
24.70
0.00
12.21
100.00
7535.18
1014.98
305.48
1652.31
3210.63
327.89
1442.95
3502.71
1096.19
8391.43
642.53
1095.06
30217.34
24.94
3.36
1.01
5.47
10.63
1.09
4.78
11.59
3.63
27.77
2.13
3.62
100.00
Location
Description
Nirgundi
Charbatia
Chatissa
Choudwar
Nimapur
Bidanasi
Old
Cuttack
Sikharpur
Mundali
Barang
Gopalpur
CDPA
Zone 01: Nirgundi
Zone 02: Charbatia
Zone 03: Chatissa
Zone 04: Choudwar
Zone 05: Nimapur
Zone 06: Bidanasi
Zone 08: Sikharpur
Zone 09: Mundali
Zone 10: Barang
Zone 11: Gopalpur
CDPA
Fig 14.1: Proposed Zone-wise percentage area of

Land Use with PIE Diagrams
Reference
1. Census of India, District Census handbooks, 2001, 1991, 1981,
1971
2. Economic Survey Report 2003-04, Dir. Of Economics and
statistics, Govt. of Orissa
3. Economic Survey 2005-06, Govt. of Orissa
4. Orissa Reference Annual- 2004
5. Cuttack
Development
Authority
(Planning
and
Building
Standards) Regulation, 2001

6. Bhubaneswar Development Authority (Planning and Building
Standards) Regulation, 2008
7. Urban Development Plans Formation and Implementation
(UDPFI) Guidelines, Ministry of Urban Affairs & Employment,
Govt. of India, 1996
8. An Economic-Cum-Purpose classification of the Orissa Govt.
Budget
9. District Statistical Handbook 2001 for Cuttack
10. Interim Development Plan for Bidanasi Cuttack. (Dir. Town
Planning, 1983)
11. Draft Master Plan for Choudwar. (1980)
12. Master plan for Greater Cuttack Improvement Trust (1980)
13. Income and Expenditure of Choudwar Municipality for the year
2006-07, 2005-06, 2004-05, 2003-04, 2002-03, 2001-02
14. Income and Expenditure of Cuttack Municipal Corporation for the
year 2005-06, 2004-05
15. DPR of Integrated Sewerage and Solid Waste Management for
Abatement of Pollution of Rivers Kuakhai and Daya at
Bhubaneswar (Orissa Water Supply and Sewerage Board
Bhubaneswar) prepared by Alternate Hydro Energy Centre, IIT
Roorkee
16. Orissa Development Authorities Manual
17. The Constitution on India
18. Panchayat Laws in Orissa
19. Orissa Municipal Corporation Manual, Ashoka Kumar Mohapatra
20. Orissa Municipal Manual, Orissa law Review
21. Draft report of Environmental Management Plan, Orissa State
Pollution Control Board
22. Earthquake hazard map of Orissa
301
Reference
23. Technical annual report of Institute of Engineers (Geology and
Urban Development of Bhubaneswar, Cuttack and Paradeep)
24. Geomorphology By. N.K.Mahalik, Professor Geology, Utkal
University, Bhubaneswar
25. The Pyromex waste to energy and desalination technologies with
feasibility study
26. Integrated waste management comprising of compost, land fill
and energy recovery of 6 Mw prepared by Ekdanta Power Pvt.
Ltd
27. Development of twin cities of Cuttack and Bhubaneswar,
Transport network RITES 1996
28. Mass Transit System for Cuttack & Bhubaneswar, RITES Ltd,
January 2008
29. JBIC special assistance for project formation(SAPROF) for
Orissa Integrated Sanitation Improvement Project in the Republic
of India, INTERIM REPORT
30. Action plan Industrial Development of Cuttack District- 2005-06
31. Five years projected Action Plan for Industrial Development of
Cuttack District
32. Statistical Bulletin 2005, Dept. of Tourism and Culture, Govt. of
Orissa
33. The Forgotten Monuments of Orissa, (vol-1,2), Edited by B. K.
Rath
34. Charter for the Conservation of Unprotected Architectural
Heritage and Sites in India (Adopted at the INTACH National
Convention, November 2004, INTACH, New Delhi
35. Heritage Regulation for Greater Bombay, 1995, Government of
Maharastra, Urban Development Department of Bombay
36. www.bhulekh.ori.nic.in
37. Perspective Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack Urban Complex,
A&RP, IIT, 2007
38. Socio-Economic Survey Report, IIT, SPARC, 2007
302
Appendix I
APPENDIX-I
The Appendix refers to the Regulations prescribed in the CUTTACK
DEVELOPMENT
AUTHORITY
(PLANNING
&
BUILDING
STANDARDS) DRAFT REGULATIONS 2010 and adopted for

application in enforcing the Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) for
Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA).
However, some modifications have been made by incorporating some of
the provisions of Bhubaneswar Development Authority (Planning and
Building Standard) Regulation, 2008.
General Building Requirements

This refers to the Regulations No. 1163 of Part IV of the CUTTACK
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (PLANNING & BUILDING STANDARDS)
DRAFT REGULATIONS 2010
26. Restriction on Permission:
Without prejudice to any other stipulation in these Regulations, no
permission to construct a building on a site shall be granted:
a. in areas of natural waterways or drains, as detailed in the
Development Plan, and drainage plan as modified from time to
time;
b. if the orientation of such building is not in harmony with the
surroundings, as may be decided by the Art Commission;
c.
if the use to which the site is proposed to be put does not

conform to the use earmarked in the Development Plan;
d. if the building is to be constructed over or under a municipal

drain, sewerage line, electrical line, water main, any other
government or public land, or public utility services;
e. if the foundation of the external wall along a street is located at a
distance less than 0.5 meters from the edge of the street or road
margin including the drain;
f.
if the construction of proposed building thereon is for public

worship, which is the opinion of the Authority will adversely affect
the religious feelings of any other class or persons in the vicinity;
g. if all structure plans are not prepared taking into account the
structural safety from seismic zone point of view;
h. if the site is not drained properly or incapable of being well
drained.
i.
if the plot having kisam as agriculture/jalasaya in ROR;
j.
if the building is to be constructed over a land where construction

is prohibited by the Authority with approval of Government.
303
Appendix I
27. Distance from Electric lines:
As provided in clause-6.4 of National Building Code-2005, no verandah,
balcony or the like shall be allowed to be erected or re-erected or any
additions or alterations made to a building within the distances quoted
below in accordance with the Indian Electricity Rules between the
building and any overhead electric supply line.
Where a high or extra-high voltage overhead line passes above or
adjacent to any building or part of a building it shall have on the basis of
maximum sag a vertical clearance above the highest part of the building
immediately under such line, of not less than as shown in table-1.
The horizontal clearance between the nearest conductor and any part of
such building shall, on the basis of maximum deflection due to wind
pressure, be not less than as shown in table-1.
Table 1: Minimum Distance from the Electric line
Low and medium voltage

lines and service lines
High voltage lines up to
and including 11,000 Volt
High voltage lines above
11,000 volt and up to and
including 33,000 Volt
Extra high voltage line
beyond 33,000 Volt
Vertical distance in
meters
Horizontal distance in
meters
2.5
1.2
3.7
1.2
3.7
2.0
3.7
(Plus 0.3 meters for
every additional 33,000
volts or part thereof)
2.0
(Plus 0.3 meters for
every additional
33,000 volts or part
thereof)
28. Plantation:
a. While granting permission for any development, the authority
may, where so required make adequate provision for the
preservation or planting of trees.
b. In every building area, at least 10% of the land shall be utilised
by plantation, but in case of multi-storied buildings/ Group
Housing/ Apartment building/ Industrial/ Assembly/ Educational/
Institutional buildings, at least 20% of the land shall be covered
by plantation.
29. Means of access:
1) Every building/ plot shall abut on a public/ private means of
access like streets /roads of duly formed of width as specified in
clause 4, Part-3 of NBC-2005.
2) Every person who erects a building shall not at any time erect or
cause or permit to erect any building which in any way
304
Appendix I
encroaches upon or diminishes the area set apart as means of
access required in these regulations. No buildings shall be
erected so as to deprive any other buildings of the means of
access.
3) In no case, development of plots shall be permitted unless it is
accessible by a public/private street of width not less than 6
meters and in case of a cul-de-sac having a length less than 150
metres, it shall be 4.5 metres.
4) In the existing built-up areas in the case of plots facing street/
means of access less than 6.0 metres in width, the plot boundary
shall be shifted by 3.0 metres from the central line of the street/
means of access to facilitate formation of a new street/ means of
access of 6.0 metres width up to a length of 120 metres after
which it should be connected to a wider road.
5) Any private road which access to only one plot shall not be less
than 3.3 metres in width and more than 25 metres in length.
Such means of access shall be kept free from any obstruction
and shall be fully open to the sky.
6) In case of institutional, administrative, assembly, industrial and
other non-residential and non-commercial activities, the minimum
road width shall be 9 meter.
7) In case of a private road, which gives access to one or more
buildings, the owner of the said private road shall develop the
road and storm water drain as required by the Local Authority,
and transfer the same by way of gift to the Local Authority or
handed over to the Registered Residents Welfare Association
for maintenance.
30. Minimum size of plots:
The minimum size of plots for different categories of building is given
below:
a. No construction of a building for residential purpose in areas
other than basti area and development scheme area shall be
permitted on a plot which has an area of less than 54 square
metres, or a width less than 6.0 metres or an average depth of
less than 9.0 metres.
b. In the case of group housing/ plotted development schemes, the
Authority may relax the requirements of the plot size as specified
in sub-regulation (1) above to such extent as it may deem
necessary, but in no case it shall be less than the minimum
prescribed under Indian Standard Number 8888 of 1993 as
mentioned in Schedule-II.
305
Appendix I
c.
For industries other than service industries and industrial estates,

the minimum size of the plot shall be 400 square metres.
d. In the case of service industries and industrial estates the

minimum size of the plot shall be 200 square metres.
e. In commercial areas, the minimum plot size of the shop shall be
18.0 sq.mt. with a minimum width of 3.0 metres provided that
kiosks shall be considered as shops.
f.
In case of plots for assembly occupancy other than cinema (in

existing built-up areas), the minimum size of the area shall be not
less than 500 square metres and the minimum width of the plot
shall be 16 metres and it shall front on a street having width of
not less than 12 metres.
g. The minimum size of the plot of cinema/theatre buildings shall be

0.6 acre for seating capacity of 500 persons and 0.75 to 1.00
acre for larger capacity with essential facilities. It shall front on a
street having width of not less than 9 metres.
h. In case of plots for institutional/ religious occupancy, the
minimum area of the plot shall be 350 square metres with a
minimum width of 12 metres.
Table 2: Category wise Size of Plots
Min. road width
(m)
Min. size of plot

in Sq. m.
Kalyan Mandaps
Cinema, game centres,
multiplex, convention centres
Social clubs and amenities
12
1000
12
2000
1000
Multi storey car parking
1000
Office buildings
300
Primary/Upper primary school

High school, Residential
school
+2 College/Junior college
2000
6000
4000
Degree college
Technical educational
institution
Petrol pumps/Filling stations
12
6000
12
10000
12
500
Restaurant
500
LPG storage
500
Places of congregation
500
Public libraries
300
Conference hall
12
1000
Community hall
500
Nursing homes/polyclinics
300
Hotel
2000
R&D lab
12
1500
Category
306
Appendix I
Note:
In exceptional cases the Authority may consider revising the

minimum size of plot and the minimum road width on the
recommendations
of
the
Development
Plan
&
Building
Permission (DP&BP) Committee.
31. Minimum setbacks and Height for non-high rise buildings:

1) The minimum setbacks and height of buldings permissible in a
given size/plot for residential and commercial building in nonhigh rising category shall be as follows;
Table 3: Plot Size wise permissible Setbacks and Height of Buildings
Plot size (in Sq.Mts.)
Maximum
height of
building
permissible
(in Mts.)
Minimum
setbacks other
sides
(in Mts.)
Minimum Front setbacks (in Mts.)

Abutting road width
Maximum
Coverage
Less
than 9
Mts.
9 Mts.
And less
than12
Mts.
4(a)
4(b)
Less than 100
65%
100 & up to 200
10
60%
Above 200 & up to 300
10
60%
12
55%
12
55%
15
50%
Above 750
15
50%
1.5
2.0
12 Mts.
And
less
than18
Mts.
4(c)
18 Mts.
And
less
than30
Mts.
4(d)
3.0
Above
30
Mts.
Rear
side
Other
side
4(e)
3.0
4.5
1.5
2.0
3.0
3.0
4.5
1.5
2.0
3.0
3.0
4.5
1.0
1.5
1.5
2.0
1.5
2.5
1.5
2) The conditions of minimum setback and maximum coverage

shall not be applicable for slum housing, rehabilitation of service
population or for other housing schedule for economically
weaker sections approved by Government, Housing Board,
Authority and other government agencies.
3) The rear open space shall be with reference to the depth of the
site/ plot.
4) In case of group housing/apartment buildings, the minimum
distance between two buildings will not be less than 1/3rd of the
height of the taller building. However the minimum width of the
internal road shall be 6 meter.
5) The setbacks/open spaces for other occupancies shall be as
below:
A. Institutional
(Educational)
buildings-In
case
of
nursery
schools, the open spaces around the building shall not be less
than 3 meter and for all other educational buildings the open
spaces around the building shall not be less than 6 meter.
B. Institutional buildings- the open spaces around the building
shall not be less than 6 meter.
307
Appendix I
C. Assembly buildings- the open space in front shall not be less
than 12 meter and the other open spaces around the building
sha;; not be less than 6 meter.
D. Commercial & Storage buildings- in case of plots with more
than 500 sq.mt. area, the open spaces around the building
shall not be less than 4.5 meter.
E. Industrial buildings- the open spaces around the building shall
not be less than 4.5 meter for height up to 15 meter, with an
increase of 0.25 meter for every increase of 1 meter or
fraction thereof in height.
F. Hazardous occupancies- the open spaces around the building
shall not be less than 6 meter.
G. IT, ITES and other Corporate Buildings- in case of plots up to
750 sq.mt. the minimum set backs around the building shall
not be less than 3 meter. In case of plots above 750 sq.mt.
the minium set backs around the building shall not be less
than 4.5 meter.
6) The maximum plot coverage, maximum height of residential
building and front setback with respect to the width of the street
(approach road) shall be as given in Table 3.
Note:
i. Where the maximum coverage of a plot works out to less than
maximum permissible for the next below lower sized plot, the
maximum coverage of the plot may be increased to that
permissible for the said next below category plot.
ii. While reckoning the height of residential building, stair cover, liftroom, water tank, parapet etc. may be excluded.
iii. Where sites do not face or abut a road of the required width
specified in Table-3, the front setback and the coverage of the
building shall be regulated according to the size of the plot but the
floor area ratio will be regulated according to the width of road
along which the concerned site is located.
iv. The standard requirements for row-housing and semi-detached
buildings shall be as specified in Regulation 54.
v. For height of buildings with 15 metres and above other parameters
of the building shall be governed by provisions relating to multistoried building specified in these Regulations.
308
Appendix I
32. Minimum setbacks for high-rise/multi-storied buildings:
For high-rise/multi-storied buildings, the open spaces around the building
shall be as given in the table below;
Table 4: Provision of Exterior Open Spaces around the Buildings
Sl.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Height of the Building

(in meters)
Exterior open spaces to be left out on all

sides in meter (front rear and sides in each
plot)
15 and above & up to 18

More than 18 & up to 21
More than 55
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
Note(i)
On sides where no habitable rooms face, a minimum space of 9.0

m. shall be left for heights above 27.0 m.
(ii)
In case of multi storied buildings the exterior open space around a

building shall be of hard surface capable of taking load of fire engine
weighting up to 45 tonnes.
33. Floor Area Ratio

1) The Floor Area Ratio (FAR) for residential, commercial, corporate,
IT/ITES buildings shall be decided on the basis of the road width on
which the plot/site abuts.
Table 5: FAR as per road width
FAR for Commercial

/Residential buildings
FAR for /IT

/ITES/Corporate
buildings
Up to 6
1.00
Above 6 & less than 9
1.50
9 or more & less than 12
1.75
2.00
2.00
2.25
2.25
2.50
2.5
30 & above
2.75
2.75
Road width (in meters)
2) In case of group housing, the maximum permissible FAR shall be 2.50

and maximum ground coverage shall be 40%. However additional
FAR of up to 0.25 shall be allowed for dwelling units meant
exclusively for LIG/EWS. The FAR shall be calculated on the total
area.
309
Appendix I
3) In case of Institutional and Assembly building the maximum
permissible FAR shall be 1.50 for plots up to 1000 sq.mt. and 1.75 for
plots above 1000 sq.mt.
4) In case of transport related activities such as; railway yards, railway
station, bus stands, bus shelters, transport depot, airport, special ware
housing, cargo terminals, etc. the maximum permissible FAR shall be
1.00.
5) In case of Industrial building the maximum FAR shall be 1.00.
6) In case a part of the plot is acquired / donated for public purpose like
road, drain, etc., the Authority may allow additional FAR up to 0.25 in
the form of TDR (Transferable Development Right) as per the
modality approved by the Authority.
7) The Authority may allow premium FAR up to 0.25 on IT/ITES buildings
on payment of fees to be decided by the Authority from time to time,
on roads of width 30 height and above. The Authority may refund the
fee proportionate to 0.10 premiums FAR in case of platinum/ gold
certified green buildings.
(8) The benefit of unutilized FAR in respect of Apartment Buildings/
Group Housing shall be made available to the society and not to the
Builder/Developer.
(9) Exclusive multi-storey parking blocks can be provided within the
required setback area without reducing the driveway for the fire tender
to the extent of minimum 6 meters. This will not be included in the
calculation of coverage and FAR.
(10)FAR shall not include: A. basements or cellars and space under a building constructed on
stilts and used-as a parking space and air-conditioning plant room
used as accessory to the principal use;
B. electric cabin or substation, watchman booth of maximum size of 3
Sq.Mt. with minimum width or diameter of 1.732 m., pump house,
garbage shaft, space required for location of fire hydrants, electric
fittings and water tank, society room of maximum12 Sq.Mt.;
C. projections and accessories buildings as specifically exempted from
the open space/setback requirement;
D. staircase
room
architectural
and
features,
lift
rooms
and
above
chimneys
the
and
topmost
storey,
elevated tanks
of
dimensions as permissible under the NBC; the area of the lift shaft
shall be taken only on one floor.
310
Appendix I
34. Height of a building
(1) The height of the building shall be governed by the limitations of Floor
Area Ratio, open space (setbacks), and the width of the street facing
the plot described as detailed below:
A. the maximum height of a building shall in no case exceed 1.5 times
[the width of the road on which the plot abuts + minimum required
front setback]. However, higher height on account of premium FAR
may be permitted with the approval of the Government;
B. if a building abuts on two or more streets of different widths, the
building shall be deemed to face upon the street that has the greater
width and the height of the building shall be regulated by the width of
the street.
2) No building exceeding 12 metres in height shall be permitted in the
areas with old infrastructure as may be decided by the Authority from
time to time.
3) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-regulation (1) the height
restrictions with respect to approach Funnels and Transitional area of
Airport as detailed in Table 6 & 7 shall be adhered to.
Table 6: Height restriction with respect to approach funnels
Distance from nearest

runway end (in meters)
Maximum Permissible height above the elevation

of the nearest runway end (in meters)
Up to 360
Above 360 to 510
Above 510 to 660
Above 660 to 810
0
6
9
12
Above 810 to 960
15
Above 960 to 1110
18
Above 1110 to 1260
21
Above 1260 to 1410
24
Above 1410 to 1560
27
More than 1560
30
Table 7: Height restriction with respect to transitional area

Distance of the Inner Boundary of the
Transitional Area (Outer Boundary of the
Air Port) [Meters]
Maximum Permissible height

above the elevation of the
airport reference point [meters]
Upto21
Above 21 to 42
Above 42 to 63
Above 63 to 84
Above 84 to 105
Above 105 to 126
Above 126 to 147
Above 147 to 168
Above 168 to 189
Above 189 to 210
More than 210
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
311
Appendix I
(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Tables under subregulation (1), no Radio Aerial, T.V. Antenna, Cell phone tower or
such similar type of installations exceeding 52 meters in height shall \
be erected without prior permission of the concerned Civil Aviation \
Authority.
(4) No building structure or installation exceeding the height indicated in
the said Tables shall be permitted unless the applicant produces a 'No
Objection Certificate' from the Airport Authority.
35. Off Street Parking Space
1) Each off-street parking space for one four wheeled vechile shall not
be less than 15 square metres. For scooters and cycles it shall not be
less than 1.5 and 1.0 square metres respectively.
2) One parking unit shall have parking space of at least 40 square
metre.
3) In all buildings including Apartment buildings/Group Housing,
Hotels,
Restaurants
commercial
buildings,
and
Lodges,
Institutional
business
buildings
like
buildings,
hospitals,
Educational buildings like schools and colleges, multi-storied

buildings/complexes, etc. and all other non-residential activities
provision shall be made for parking spaces as per the following
requirements.
Table 8: Minimum off street parking space for different categories
of occupancies
Sl.
No.
Category of building/ activity
Shopping malls, Shopping malls with

Multiplexes/Cine pi exes,
Cinemas,
Retail shopping centre, 1T/ITES
complexes and hotels.
Restaurants, Lodges, other commercial
buildings, Assembly buildings, Offices and
High-rise buildings/complexes
Residential Apartment Buildings, Group
Housing, Clinics, Nursing Homes,
Hospitals, Institutional and Industrial
buildings.
Minimum parking area

to be provided as
percentage of total built
up area
3
50
40
25
N.B.
(i) Parking to be provided as percentage of total built up area may be in
basement/stilt floor and setback/open spaces at ground level,
(ii) Basement(s) used exclusively for parking and services shall not be
counted towards FAR.
(4) The parking spaces may be provided in (for all schemes)
312
Appendix I
A. basements or cellars,
B. on stilt floor,
C. open parking area,
D. exclusive multi level parking, or
E. roof top parking in case of commercial/IT/ITES and Corporate
building,
F. a combination of any or all of the above.
(5) For parking purposes, single basement shall be allowed in case of
plot size of 500 square meter or more, and multiple basements shall
be allowed in case of plot size of 1000 square meter or more. The
roof top parking with car lift shall be allowed only in case of plinth
area/roof area of 2000 square meter or more.
(6) Off-street parking spaces shall be provided with adequate vehicular
access to a street and the area of drives, aisles and such other
provisions required for adequate maneuvering of vehicles.
(7) If the total off-street parking space required under these regulations
is provided by a group of property owners at a place for their mutual
benefit, such parking spaces may be construed as meeting the offstreet parking requirement, however, subject to the approval of the
Authority. The Authority may also decide to develop such parking
spaces and charge property owners to bear proportionate cost.
(8) Garage with locking facilities shall be included in the calculation of
floor space for determining the requirement of parking space, unless
this is provided in the basement of a building or under a building
constructed on stilts with no external walls.
(9) The parking spaces to be provided shall be in addition to the open
spaces
(setback)
required
around
building
under
these
regulations. However, parking may be provided in the front open

space and other side open spaces without reducing the clear
vehicular access way to less than 6.0 meters.
(10) Misuse of the area specified for parking of vehicles for any other use
shall be summarily removed /demolished by the Authority.
(11) For parking spaces in basements and upper storey of parking floors,
at least two ramps of minimum 3.6 m. width or one ramp of minimum
5.4m. width and in maximum 1:10 slope shall be provided. Such
ramps may be permitted in the side and rear setbacks after leaving 6
meter space for movement of fire-fighting vehicles. Access to these
may also be accomplished through provisions of mechanical lifts.
313
Appendix I
(12) Up to 10% of cellar may be utilized for utilities and non-habitation
purpose like A/C plant room, Generator room, Electrical installations,
laundry, etc.
(13) At least 20% of the parking in-group housing, apartment buildings
shall be earmarked for visitors. The visitors parking facility shall be
open to all visitors.
(14) Every building except a residential building having less than four
dwelling units will have parking space earmarked for ambulance, fire
tender and physically challenged persons.
(15) In respect of Apartment Complexes/Building/Block, in sites up to 750
Sq.mt. the parking requirement shall be deemed to be met if the
entire stilt floor is left for parking. A WC/Toilet facility shall be
provided for watch and ward in the stilt floor.
(16) Apart from use of Basement for Services/Parking/ Storage, it may be
used for other activities like Library, Study Room, Games Room and
Laundry only in case of Residential and Institutional Buildings.
(17) Violation of any of the conditions relating to parking space under this
regulation shall not be compounded or relaxed by the Authority.
36. Interior Open Space
(1) At least one side of all the rooms intended for human habitation, if
such room does not abut on the front or the rear or the side
setbacks, shall abut on an interior open space whose minimum
dimension shall be 3 meters X 3 meters in cases of buildings up to a
height of 12 meters. In cases where the height of the building is
more than 12 meters, the width of the interior open space shall be
increased at the rate of one meter for every additional 3 (three)
meters height. This provision shall be applicable to all categories of
buildings,
namely,
residential,
group
housing,
apartment,
commercial, institutional, administrative, assembly.

(2) In case any interior open space is intended to be used for the benefit
of more than one building belonging to the same owner, the width of
such open space shall be the one specified for the tallest building
abutting on such open space provided that such open space shall
not be less than three metres.
(3) In case of group housing, if the interior open space is used for
providing access to the building blocks the same shall not be less
than six metres in width.
(4) For ventilating the spaces for water closets and bathrooms
ventilation shafts shall be provided with size as provided under
clause 8.2.5, part-3 of NBC, 2005.
314
Appendix I
37. Height Exemption of the building
(1) The following appurtenant structures shall not be included in the
height of the building: A. roof tanks and their supports (with support height not exceeding
1m.);
B. ventilating, air conditioning, lift rooms and similar service
equipments;
C. stair cover (mumty) not exceeding 3.0m. in height; and
D. chimneys, parapet walls and architectural features not exceeding
1.2 m. in height;
E. height of the ceiling of the upper basement roof not exceeding 1.5
m. from the average surrounding ground level.
38. Exemption in open space

(1) Every open space provided either in the interior or exterior in respect
of any building shall be kept free from any erection thereon and shall
be open to the sky and no cornice, roof, or weather shade of more
than 0.75 m. in width shall overhang or project over such open
space.
(2) A portico of up to 2.5 m. width and 4.6 m. length with a minimum
height of 2.1 m. from the plinth level may be permitted within the
side setback. A garage is permissible at the rear end of side open
space provided no openings are located on the side and
rear boundary. Access to the top of the portico/garage should not
affect the privacy of the neighbouring plot.
(3) The portico provided as above should not rest on the boundary wall
and should be open to provide through access to the rear. In case
the Portico is not a cantilevered one and supported by pillars the
area shall be included in the FAR.
39. Building Line

The following building lines shall be maintained for construction of
building abutting arterial roads:
Table 9: Distance of Building Lines from Arterial Roads
Category of arterial
roads
Minimum distance of the building line from R/W of

the road
18.0 metres (60 feet)

Above 24.0 metres
(above 80 feet)

315
Appendix I
40. Basement/Cellar
(1) Basements/cellars shall not be permitted in low-lying area and areas
without adequate drainage facilities to ensure drainage from the
basement.
(2) Construction of basements/cellars may be allowed by the Authority in
accordance with the provisions contained in the development plan
applicable to the concerned area.
(3) The basements/cellars shall only be put to the following uses: A. storage of household or other non-combustible materials;
B. strong room, bank cellars; etc.
C. installation of air-conditioning equipments and other machines
used for service and utilities of building;
D. parking places.
(4) However basements/cellars may be permitted to be constructed
leaving the prescribed setback/open space applicable to the
building.
Further,
in
case
of
apartment/group
housing/commercial/corporate & IT/ITES buildings, the basements

may be allowed to be constructed under the entire plot area leaving
3 meter space from the boundary of the premises subject to the
following:
(i) In all such cases the owners have to indemnify the Authority
against any damage caused by her/him/them to the adjacent
property in the format given in Form-XI.
(ii) The portion of the basement projecting out of the building line
shall flush with the ground.
(5) The
basements
shall
be
used
exclusively
for
parking/
services/storage.
(6) The basement shall fulfill the following requirements: A. every basement shall be in every part at least 2.5 m. in height
from the floor to the soffit of the roof slab or ceiling;
B. adequate ventilation shall be provided for the basement. The
standard of ventilation shall be the same as required by the
particular occupancy according to regulations. Any deficiency
may be met by providing adequate mechanical ventilation in the
form of blowers, exhaust fans (one exhaust fan for 50 Sq.mt. of
basement area), air-conditioning system, etc.
C. the minimum height of the ceiling of upper basement shall be
1.20 m. and the maximum 1.5 m. above the average surrounding
ground level;
316
Appendix I
D. adequate arrangement shall be made, so that surface drainage
does not enter the basement;
E. the walls and floors of the basement shall be water-tight and be
so designed that the effect of the surrounding soil and moisture, if
any, are taken into account in design and adequate damp
proofing treatment is given;
F. the access to the basement shall be separate from the main and
alternative staircase providing access and exit from higher floors
shall be provided. Where the staircase is continuous in the case
of buildings served by more than one staircase, the same shall
be of enclosed type serving as a fire separation from the
basement floor and higher floor. Open ramps shall be permitted if
they are constructed within the building line subject to provision
of (D) above;
G. in case of basement of office and commercial occupancies,
sufficient number of exit ways and access ways shall be provided
with a travel distance not more than 15 metres.
H. the basement shall not be partitioned. In case the partitions in the
basements are allowed by the Authority, no compartment shall
be less than 45 square metres in areaand each compartment
shall have ventilation standards as laid down in sub-clause (ii)
separately and independently. The partitions shall, however,
conform to the norms laid down by the State Fire Prevention
Authorities, Orissa.
I. the ramp providing access to basement to be used for parking
shall have a gradient not steeper than 1:10 and this shall not
obstruct the clear vehicular and pedestrian movement around the
building including movement of fire tender (6 meter).
41. Provision of Lift

(1) Lift shall be provided for buildings above 10 m. height in case of
apartments, group housing, commercial, institutional and office
buildings.
(2) The number and type of lifts, their planning, design and installation
shall be in accordance with the provisions of Part-VIII (Building
Services) Section 5 (Installation of Lifts and Escalators) of National
Building Code of India, 2005.
(3) Lift shall be provided at the rate of one lift for twenty dwelling units,
or part thereof for residential buildings and at the rate of one lift per
one thousand Sq.mt. or part thereof of built-up area per floor for non-
317
Appendix I
residential buildings.
Built-up area on ground floor and two upper
floors shall be excluded in computing the above requirement.

(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in these regulations in case of
building with 21 m. or more in height, at least two lifts shall be
provided.
42. Mezzanine
(1) Mezzanine floor may be permitted above any floor in all types of
buildings up to an extent of one-third of the actual covered area of
that floor. All Mezzanine floors shall be counted toward FAR
calculation, except the mezzanine floor over the ground floor.
(2) The height of the mezzanine floor shall not be less than 2.20 metres
and not more than 2.70 metres.
(3) The mezzanine floor shall:
i. have direct light and ventilation to the extent of 10% of
the floor area;
ii. be so constructed as not to interfere under any
circumstances with the ventilation of the space over and
under it;
iii. in no case be closed so as to make it laible to be
converted into unventilated compartments.
43. Drainage and sewerage
1) It shall be the responsibility of the builder or the owner of the building
to ensure that the plinth is high enough to prevent rain/ drainage/
sewerage water entering into the lowest floor.
2) No permission shall be granted for construction over the natural
drains identified and approved by the Authority/ Local Body/ Govt. or
incorporated in the Development Plan.
3) Where any construction is taken up over any drain, or waterway,the
Vice Chairman can, apart from taking action for removal of the
constructions, take action for recovery of the cost of restoration of
adequate drainage.
44. Heritage Zone

(i)
The Authority may notify the Heritage Zones in consultation with the
Archaeological Survey of India, State Department of Archaeology,
and Cuttack Municipal Corporation.
318
Appendix I
(ii)
The Authority may modify the Heritage Zone in consultation with the
Archaeological Survey of India, State Department of Archaeology,
Cuttack Municipal Corporation and the Art Commission.
(iii) Conservation of Heritage Buildings, Heritage Precincts and

Natural features:- Conservation of buildings, artifacts, structures,
areas and precincts of historic and/or aesthetic and/or architectural
and/or cultural significance (Heritage buildings and heritage
precincts) and/or natural features of environmental significance shall
be taken up by the Cuttack Municipal Corporation in accordance
with the relevant provisions in-force and those framed from time to
time.
45. Barrier free access for the physically challenged person

Adequate provision for facilitating easy access of disabled persons shall
be made in all public buildings in accordance with the provisions of
National Building Code of India, including the minimum facility to reach
the staircase/lift without any barrier.
Barrier free environment is one, which enables people with disabilities to
move about safely and freely and to use all facilities within the built
environment. The goal of barrier free design is to provide an environment
that supports the independent functioning of individuals so that they can
get into and participate in all activities without assistance.
The main purpose is to integrate disabled and elderly persons fully into
the society. In view of the above, the Government of India has enacted
the Disabilities Act, 1955. Section 44, 45 and 46 of the Act stipulates that
the appropriate Governments, local authorities to ensure provisions of
barrier free facilities in all new Government buildings and public utilities
roads and transport. Also, in 1996 Government of India enacted other
persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunity, Protection of Rights and Full
Participation) Act for the Barrier Free Environment for differently abled
persons.
This regulation is applicable to all Buildings, recreational areas and
facilities used by public.
(1) Site Planning:
1.1 Level of the roads, access paths and parking areas shall be
described in the plan along with specification of the materials.
1.2 Every Building should have one access two main entrance/exit for
persons with disabilities which shall be indicated by proper signage.
1.3 The approach to the entrance should be level if possible.
Where
entrances or exits are not leveled, both stage and ramps should be
319
Appendix I
provided as some disable persons cannot use the ramps upon which
wheel chair users depend.
1.4 The ramp should have a landing after every 9 meters run and in
front of the lower way. Minimum size of the land shall be 1200 mm.
X 2000 mm.
1.5 The approach should be adequately illuminated after dark.
(2)
Access Path/ Walkway:
2.1 Access path from plot entry and surface parking to building entrance
shall be minimum of 1800 mm. wide having even surface without
any steps.
2.2 Slope, if any, shall not have gradient greater than 5%.
2.3 Curbs wherever provided should have curb ramps. Curbs should be
dropped, to be flush with walkway at a gradient no greater than 1:10
on
both
sides
of
necessary
and
convenient
crossing
points. Width should not be less than 1200 mm. If width is less than
1200 mm. then slopes of the flared side shall not exceed 1:12.
Warning strips to be provided on the Curb side edge of the slope so
that a person with vision impairment does not accidently walk on to
the road.
2.4 Street furniture, trees, lighting and dustbins should be located on one
side of pathways.
2.5 The surface texture may be changed to indicate the approach to
those items.
(3) Accessible Parking:
3.1 Parking should be within 30 meters of the main entrance of the
building.
3.2 2 accessible parking lots with minimum width of 3600 mm. x 5000
mm. should be provided.
3.3 It should have the international signage painted on the ground and
also on a signpost/ board put near it.
3.4 The symbol should be large enough to be easily visible by person
looking for the accessible parking, recommended size being
1000 mm. x 1000 mm. but not larger than 1500 mm. x 1500 mm.
With the preferred colours being white and blue, the sign painted on
the floor should contrast in colour and luminosity with the floor
colour.
3.5 There should be directional signs guiding people to the accessible
parking.
320
Appendix I
(4)
Ground and Floor Surfaces
4.1 Ground and floor surfaces (along accessible routes and in

accessible rooms and spaces, including floors, walks, ramps, stairs
and curb ramps) should be stable, firm and slip-resistant.
4.2 Vertical level changes up to 6 mm. may not need edge treatment.
Changes in level between 6 mm. and 12 mm. should be leveled off
with a slope no greater than 1:2.
4.3 If gratings are placed in pathways, they should have spaces no
bigger than a wheelchair's wheel (e.g. 12 mm.).
4.4 Edges of paths can be clearly defined by using different colours and
textures.
(5)
Entrance Doors
Whatever the type of entrance door, it must be wide enough to

accommodate pedestrian traffic comfortably.
5.1 The recommended minimum clear opening width of an internal door
is 900 mm. minimum.
5.2 Where doors comprise two leaves (i.e. double doors), each leaf
should be 900 mm. min. wide, so that persons carrying large items
and wheelchair users do not have to open both leaves.
5.3 Manual doors should incorporate kick plates 300 mm. high to
withstand impact of wheelchair footrest (this is especially important
where doors are glazed).
5.4 Also be fitted with vision panels at last between 900mm and
1500 mm. from floor level be color contrasted with the surrounding
wall and should not be heavier than 22N to open Door hardware
should be positioned between 900-1200 mm. above floor. Lever
handles and push type mechanisms are recommended. When a
sliding door is fully open, handles should be usable from both sides.
Where revolving doors or turnstiles are used, an alternative
wheelchair accessible entrance must also be provided.
5.5 A distance of 400 mm. should be provided beyond the leading edge
of door to enable a wheelchair user to maneuver and to reach the
handle.
5.6 Thresholds of doorways should not exceed 12 mm. Raised threshold
and floor level changes at doorways should be leveled off (beveled)
with a slope on each side of a threshold.
5.7 To ensure maximum clarity for persons with vision impairments, the
entrance should be easily distinguishable from its surroundings by
the effective use of landscaping, signage, color (preferably yellow/
orange), tonal contrast and tactile surfacing.
321
Appendix I
5.8 Revolving doors are particularly difficult to negotiate and their use
should be avoided. If fitted, they must be accompanied by adjacent
automatic sliding doors or swing to allow easy they must be
accompanied by adjacent automatic sliding doors or swing door to
allow easy access.
5.9 Glass doors must have a bright, colored motif at eye level.
5.10 Glazed doors and fixed glazed areas should be made visible by use
of a clear, colour and tone contrasted warning or decorative feature
that is effective from both inside and outside and under any lighting
conditions, e.g. a logo of minimum dimensions 150 mm. by 150 mm.
(though not necessarily square), set at eye level.
5.11 Fixed glazed areas should have a supplementary contrasting kick
plate (skirting) across the bottom of the glass panel, preferably 300
mm. - 400 mm. in height, to withstand the impact of wheelchair
footrests.
(6)
Lobby:
6.1 Where both doors open in the same direction, and are manual, lobby
dimensions should measure 1500 mm. (w) x 2000 mm. (l).
6.2 Where both sets of doors could open into a lobby (i.e. doors are
mounted on two-way hinges) lobby dimensions should be increased
to 1500 mm. (w) x 2400. mm. (l).
(7)
Steps & Stairs:
7.1 Steps should be uniform with the tread not less than 300 mm. and
the risers 150 mm.
7.2 The risers should not be open.
7.3 The steps should have an unobstructed width of at least 1200 mm.
7.4 Have continuous handrails on both sides including the wail (if any) at
two levels: upper at 850 mm. - 900 mm. and lower at 700 mm.
7.5 Warning blocks to be placed 300mm at the beginning and at the end
of all stairs.
7.6 Nosing to be avoided.
7.7 The staircase should be adequately and uniformly illuminated during
day and night (when in use).
7.8 The level of illumination should preferably fall between 150-200 lux.
7.9 Lighting systems in stairwells should be designed to create a slight
contrast between treads and risers, while providing a uniform overall
level of illumination.
7.10 Where the stair direction must change, a series of landings is
recommended.
322
Appendix I
7.11 Landing should be 1200 mm. deep, clear of any door swing.
7.12 The rise of a flight between landings must be no more than
1200mm.
7.13 All steps should be fitted with a permanent colour and tone
contrasting at the step edge, extending the full width of the step,
reaching a minimum depth of 50 mm. on both tread and riser.
7.14 If the edges are painted on as a temporary measure, it should be
regularly repainted.
7.15 The stair covering and nosing should be slip- resistant, nonreflective, firmly-fixed and easy to maintain.
7.16 Soffit (underside/open area under the stairs) of the stairs should be
enclosed or protected.
(8)
Handrails:
8.1 Handrails should be circular in section with a diameter of 40-45 mm.

8.2 At least 45mm clear of the surface to which they are attached.
8.3 Extended by at least 300 mm beyond the head and foot of the flight
in the line of travel and grouted in the ground.
8.4 Handrails/grab bars should be in a color that contrasts sharply with
the surrounding area.
8.5 The handrail should be positioned at two levels - 700 mm. and 850 900 mm. above the pitch-line of a flight of stairs and must extend
horizontally a minimum of 300 mm. beyond the top and bottom
steps, returning to the wall or floor or rounded off, with a positive end
that does not project into the route of travel.
8.6 The handrail should be circular in Section, of diameter 40 mm. and
formed from materials which provide good grip such as timber, nylon
or powder coating, matt finish metal finishes.
8.7 The handrail should contrast in color (preferably yellow/orange) with
surrounding surfaces and should be supported on brackets which do
not obstruct continuous hand contact with the handrail.
(9)
Ramps:
9.1 Ramps should be accompanied by steps for ambulant disabled

persons.
9.2 The gradient should ideally be 1 in 20 and no greater than 1 in 12.
9.3 The steeper the gradient, the shorter the length of ramp between
landings.
9.4 On long ramps, a horizontal resting space should be provided every
6 meters.
323
Appendix I
9.5 The required minimum clear unobstructed width of a ramp (i.e.
between handrails) is 1200 mm. for ramps up to 3.6 meters long. For
ramps longer than 3.6 meters and up to 9 meters the minimum width
should be 1500 mm. For ramps more than 9 meters long the ramp
should be minimally 1800 mm wide.
9.6 Surface materials should be slip-resistant, non-reflective, firmly-fixed
and easily maintained.
9.7 The edge of the ramp should have an edge protection with a
minimum height of 100 mm.
9.8 Landings every 750 mm of vertical rise.
9.9 A tapping or lower rail should be positioned so that its bottom edge
is no higher than 200 mm above ground level.
9.10 Handrails on the ramps should be on both sides at two levels: upper
at 850 mm. - 900 mm. and lower at 700 mm.; both end to be
rounded
and grouted; extend 300 mm. beyond top and bottom of
ramp.
(10) Lifts:
A carefully designed lift makes a huge contribution to the accessibility of
a multi-storey building for persons with reduced mobility and disabilities.
10.1 Lift locations should be clearly signposted from the main
pedestrian route and recognizable through design and location.
10.2 The colour and tone of the lift doors should contrast with the
surrounding wall finish to assist in their location. Lift doors with
metallic finishes such a steel grey and silver should be avoided as
they are difficult to identify by persons with low vision.
10.3 The lift lobby shall be of an inside measurement of 1800 mm. x
2000 mm. or more.
10.4 A clear landing area in front of the lift doors of minimum
dimensions 1 1500 mm x 1500 mm should be provided.
10.5 By making the landing area distinguishable by floor surface and
contrast, it will aid location and recognition of core areas. This
could comprise a change in floor finish from thin carpet to
vinyl/PVC, or cement/mosaic floor to carpet.
10.6 Changes in floor finish must be flush.
10.7 The floor level/location should be indicated on the wall adjacent to
or just above the call buttons and opposite the lift doors where
possible.
324
Appendix I
(11) Lift Dimension:
11.1 Provisions of at least one lift shall be made for the wheel chair user
with the following car dimensions of lift recommended for
passenger lift for 13 persons capacity by Bureau of Indian
Standard.
*
Clear internal depth - 1100 mm.
Clear internal width - 2000 mm.
Entrance door width-900 mm.
11.2 Minimum internal dimensions for passenger lifts of 1500 mm x

1500 mm. size should be provided. These dimensions will allow
access for one person using a wheelchair allowing them to turn a
full circle, or two persons with push chairs.
11.3 The clear opening width of the doors should be a minimum of 900
mm., but 950 mm. or wider is preferable.
(12) Corridors/Passages:
12.1 Corridors should be 1800 mm minimum wide to allow two persons
to pass.
12.2 The floor should be slip-resistant.
12.3 Corridors should be left unobstructed and features such as fire
extinguishers and AC recessed.
12.4 If necessary, changes of direction should be at 90 degrees,
avoiding curved corridors or oblique angles where possible.
12.5 In long corridors, consideration should be given to the provision of
resting places or support rails.
12.6 Seating should be slightly recessed off the main circulation route.
12.7 Directional signage should be repeated in long corridors to prevent
disorientation.
(13) Windows:
13.1 Windows should be designed to avoid the glare which is a
particular problem for people with impaired sight.
13.2 Large glass areas close to circulation spaces should be marked a
little below eye-level with a coloured band or frame.
13.3 A window should have an unobstructed viewing zone for
wheelchair users 600 mm. - 1450 mm.
13.4 Transoms positioned between 900 mm. and 1200 mm. should not
be incorporated into the design to allow a clear view through a
325
Appendix I
window from a seated position. Windows should be easy to open
and close.
13.5 Their controls should be placed in the zone 850 to 1200 mm. from
the floor. Lever handles should be used in preference to knobs.
13.6 Windows should contrast visually with their background for the
benefit of persons with visual impairments.
(14) Washrooms and Toilets:
14.1 Accessible public toilets should have the access symbol displayed
outside for wheelchair access.
(15) WC Compartment Dimensions:
15.1 The dimensions of a unisex toilet are critical in ensuring access.
The compartment should be at least 1750 mm. wide and 2000 mm.
long.
(16) Water Closet (WC) Fittings:
16.1 A standard WC unit with pan should be fitted 460 mm. - 480 mm.
above finished floor level.
16.2 An unobstructed space 900 mm wide should be provided to one
side of the WC for transfer, together with a clear space 1200 mm
deep in front of the W/C.
16.3 WC should be centred 500 mm away from the side wall, with the
front edge of the pan 750 mm away from the back wall.
16.4 Have a back support.
16.5 L-shape grab bar at the adjacent wall and on the transfer side
swing up grab bars shall be provided.
16.6 The cistern should have a lever flush mechanism, located on the
most accessible side of the cistern, i.e. on the transfer side and not
on the wall side.
16.7 The WC should not incorporate a lid, since this can hinder transfer.
16.8 The seat should be sturdy, but highly contoured seats are not
recommended.
(17) Accessible Urinal:
At least one of the urinals should have grab bars to support ambulant
persons with disabilities (for example, crutch users).
17.1 A stall-type urinal is recommended.
17.2 Urinals shall be stall-type or wall - hung, with an elongated rim at a
maximum of 430 mm above the finish floor.
326
Appendix I
17.3 Urinal shields (that do not extend beyond the front edge of the
urinal rim) may be provided with735 mm clearance between them.
17.4 Grab bars to be installed on each side, and in the front, of the
urinal.
17.5 The front bar is to provide chest support; the sidebars are for the
user to hold on to while standing.
(18) Emergency Egress:
18.1 An accessible environment is one which persons can not only
enter and use independently, but also one which they can leave
safely in the event of an emergency.
(19) Emergency Evacuation Strategy:
19.1 The basic principle of an emergency egress strategy is to move
persons horizontally to a safe area where, if necessary, they can
await assistance or rescue, before traveling vertically to reach the
final exist level.
19.2 The egress routes will therefore comprise horizontal escape
routes, refuges, stairwells and lifts.
19.3 As well as safe escape routes, a fire evacuation strategy must be
in place.
19.4 The management procedures identified in the fire evacuation
strategy will be influenced by the design of the building, its
occupancy and its use.
19.5 There should be procedures to ensure the safe egress of persons
who work in the building who may experience difficulties in the
event of an emergency. This could include persons with visual or
hearing impairments, persons with learning difficulties and persons
with mobility difficulties.
19.6 Clear, well illuminated signage indicating escape routes is
essential.
(20)
Building requirements:
The specified facilities for the buildings for handicapped persons shall be
as follows:
Approach at plinth level
Corridor connecting the entrance/exit
Stairways
Lift
Toilet
Drinking water
327
Appendix I
A. Approach at plinth level-Every building must have at least one
entrance accessible to the handicapped and shall be indicated by
proper signage. This entrance shall be approached through a ramp
together with stepped entry.
B. Ramp Approach-Ramp shall be finished with non-slip material.
Minimum width of ramp shall be 1800 mm. with maximum gradient
1:12, length of ramp shall not exceed 9 meter having 800 mm. high
handrails on both sides extending 300mm beyond top and bottom of
the ramp. Minimum gap from the adjacent wall to the handrail shall be
50mm.
C. Stepped Approach-For stepped approach width of tread shall not be
less than 300 mm. and maximum riser shall be 150 mm. Provision of
800 mm. high hand rail on both sides of the stepped approach similar
to the ramp approach shall be made.
D. Exit/Entrance Door-Minimum clear opening of the entrance door
shall be 900mm. and it shall not be provided with a step that obstructs
the passage of a wheel chair user. Threshold shall not be raised more
than 12 mm.
E. Entrance Landing-Entrance landing shall be provided adjacent to
ramp with the minimum dimension 1800 mm. x 2000 mm. The
entrance landing that adjoins the top end of a slope shall be provided
with floor materials to attract the attention of visually impaired persons
(limited to coloured floor material whose colour and brightness is
conspicuously different from that of the surrounding floor material or
the material that emits different sound to guide visually impaired
persons hereinafter referred to as guiding floor material). Finishes
shall have a non-slip surface with a texture traversable by a wheel
chair. Curbs wherever provided must blend to a common level.
F. Corridor connecting the entrance/exit for the handicapped: The
corridor connecting the entrance/exit for handicapped leading directly
outdoors to a place where information concerning the overall use of
the specified building can be provided to visually impaired persons
either by a person or by signs, shall be provided as follows:
i. Guiding floor materials shall be provided or devices that emit sound
to guide visually impaired persons.
ii. The minimum width shall be 1250 mm.
iii. In case there is a difference of level, slope ways shall be provided
with a slope of 1:12
iv. Handrails shall be provided for ramps/slope ways at a height of 800
mm.
328
Appendix I
G. Stair ways-One of the stairways near the entrance/exit for the
handicapped shall have the following provisions:
A. The minimum width shall be 1350 mm.
B. Height of the riser shall not be more than 150mm and width of the
tread 300 mm. The steps shall not have abrupt (square) nosing.
C. Maximum number of risers on a flight shall be limited to 12.
D. Hand rails shall be provided on both sides and shall extend 30
mm. on the top and bottom of each flight of steps.
H. Lifts-Wherever lift is required as per bye-laws, provision of at least
one lift shall be made for the wheel chair user with the following cage
dimensions of lift recommended for passenger lift of 13 persons
capacity by Bureau of Indian Standards.
Clear internal depth: 1100 mm.
Clear internal width: 2000 mm.
Entrance door width: 900 mm.
A. A handrail not less than 600 mm. long at 1000 mm. above floor
level shall be fixed adjacent to the control panel.
B. The lift lobby shall be of an inside measurement of 1800 mm. x
1800 mm. or more.
C. The time of an automatically closing door shall be minimum 5
seconds and the closing speed should not exceed 0.25 meter/sec.
D. The interior of the cage shall be provided with a device that audibly
indicates the floor the cage has reached and indicates that the
door of the cage for entrance/exit is either open or closed.
E. The control panel shall have marking in Braille to help visually
impaired.
I. Toilets-One special Water Closet, in a set of toilets shall be provided
for the use of handicapped with essential provision of washbasin near
the entrance for the handicapped.
A. The minimum size shall be 1500 x 1750 mm.
B. Minimum clear opening of the door shall be 900 mm. and the door
shall swing out.
C. Suitable arrangement of vertical/horizontal handrails with 50 mm.
clearance from wall shall be made in the toilet.
D. The Water Closet seat shall be 50 mm. from the floor.
J. Drinking Water-Suitable provision of drinking water shall be made for
handicapped near the special toilet provided for them.
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Appendix I
K. Designing for Children-In a building meant for the predominant use
of the children, it is necessary to suitably alter the height of the
handrail and other fittings and fixtures.
46. Rainwater harvesting system

(1) Provision of rainwater harvesting is mandatory for all plots, which
are more than 300 Sq.mt. in area. The dimension of recharging
pits/trenches shall be at least 6 cubic meters for every 100 Sq. m. of
roof area. Percolation Pits shall be filled with small pebbles or brick
jelly or river sand and covered with perforated concrete slabs. Apart
from this, the following requirements are optional and may be
provided depending on site conditions.
A. Terrace Water Collection-The terrace shall be connected to a
sump or the well through a filtering tank by PVC pipe. A valve
system shall be incorporated to enable the first part of the
rainwater collected to be discharged out or to the soil if it is dirty.
A filtering tank measuring 0.36 Sq.mt. can be constructed near
the sump. A perforated slab can divide the tank and one part
should be filled by small pebbles and other by brick jelly. The
bottom portion of the tank should have a slope to avoid
stagnation of water.
B. Open Ground-Where there is open ground, a portion of topsoil
shall be removed and replaced with river sand to allow slow
percolation of rainwater.
Any other method proved to be
effective in conservation and harvesting of rainwater may be

adopted in each and every construction taken up.
47. Signs and outdoor display structures

(1) Signs and outdoor display structures shall be governed by the
relevant provisions of the Orissa Municipal Corporation Act/Orissa
Municipal Act.
(2) Within the Cuttack Development Plan Area where no specific
guideline for the above structures is framed, the Authority shall
prescribe the guidelines with approval of Government.
48. Reference to the standards

The standards relating to water and sanitation requirements for various
occupancies and uses, fire protection and fire safety requirements and
guidelines for installation of solar water heating system shall be referred
330
Appendix I
to as given at Annexure-IV in Cuttack Development Authority (Planning
& Building Standards) Regulations 2010.
This refers to the Regulations No. 1163 of Part V of the CUTTACK
49. Apartment
(1) No apartment building shall be permitted on plots less than 500
Sq.mt. in size.
(2) In apartment building with joint ownership of land the owner/
developer shall provide floor space for house owner's society Office/
assembly at the rate of 1 Sq.mt. per flat provided that the minimum
area shall not be less than 12 Sq.mt.
(3) One staircase for every 6 dwelling units or fraction thereof in a floor
shall be provided.
(4) The minimum width of approach road to the plot shall be 9 meters
for non high- rise and 18 meters for high-rise buildings.
(5) In addition to other requirements, the apartments on plot area of
4000 Sq.mt. or more shall be accompanied by(i) A.
Services and Utilities plan as per standards for water supply

system, drainage and storm water disposal system, sewerage
system, rain water harvesting structures, and for other utilities.
B.
Landscape
plan
including
rainwater
harvesting/
water
recycling details.
C.
Parking & internal circulation plan along with Common pool

parking area plan, if any. The above shall be drawn on
suitable scale with relevant details.
(ii)
A black topped unhindered public access road of at least 7.5

meter width is to be developed on any one side of the periphery
as per suitability and feasibility for the convenience of
accessibility of other sites and lands located in the interior.
(iii) In case of blocks up to 12 m. heights, access through pathways

of 6 m. width would be allowed. All internal roads and pathways
shall be developed as per standards.
(iv) A minimum of 15% of site area shall be earmarked for organized
open space and be utilized as greenery, tot lot or soft
landscaping, etc. This space may be in one or more pockets.
(6) Common facilities like shopping centre, community hall or
centre/club etc. are required to be provided in up to 5% of the built
331
Appendix I
up area and shall be planned and developed in cases where the
units are above 50 in number and not to be part of the residential
blocks.
(7) For apartment buildings, at least 20% of the units will be earmarked
for construction of housing units for EWS/LIG category. The cost
and method of allotment of such houses will be decided by the
Authority.
The developer has the option of developing the EWS/LIG units at the
same site or within a distance of five (05) kilometers from the main
project:
Provided that in case of Apartment projects taken over an area of up to
five (5) acres, the Developer will have the option of contributing an
amount equal to Rupees one hundred (100) per square meter of the total
built up area to a fund named as "Shelter Fund" to be maintained by the
CDA in lieu of constructing the EWS/LIG houses. The proceeds of this
fund will be utilized by the Authority for construction of EWS/LIG houses.
However additional FAR up to 0.25 shall be allowed for dwelling units
meant exclusively for LIG/EWS.
50. Group Housing

(1) The minimum size of site for group housing shall be 4000 Sq.mt.
(2) In addition to other requirements the group housing schemes shall
be accompanied byA. a services and Utilities plan as per standards for water supply
system, drainage and storm water disposal system, sewerage
system, rain water harvesting structures, and for other utilities;
B. a landscape plan including rainwater harvesting/ water recycling
details;
C. parking & internal circulation plan along with Common Pool
Parking Area plan, if any. The above shall be drawn on suitable
scale with relevant details.
(3) The minimum width of approach road to the plot shall be 9 meters
for non high- rise and 18 meters for high-rise buildings.
(4) Common facilities like shopping centre, community hall or
centre/club etc. are required to be provided in up to 5% of the built
up area and shall be planned and developed in cases where the
units are above 50 in number and not to be part of the residential
blocks.
(5) A black topped unhindered public access road of at least 7.5 meter
width is to be developed on any one side of the periphery as per
332
Appendix I
suitability and feasibility for the convenience of accessibility of other
sites and lands located in the interior.
(6) In case of blocks up to 12 m. heights, access through pathways of 6
m. width would be allowed. All internal roads and pathways shall be
developed as per standards.
(7) Minimum of 15% of site area shall be earmarked for organized open
space and be utilized as greenery, tot lot or soft landscaping, etc.
This space may be in one or more pockets.
(8) In group housing with apartment/joint ownership of land, the
owner/developer shall provide floor space for house owners/society
Office/assembly at the rate of 1 sq.mt. per household/flat provided
that the minimum area shall not be less than 12 sq.mt.
(9) The area for community facility shall be provided as per Table 10
below:
Table 10: Percentage of Area required for
Community Facility
Ultimate Population
Percentage of total area required for community

facility
1000
3000
10000
10
Note:
Provided that where the ultimate population is less than 1000, the
above percentage of space shall not be insisted upon. The ultimate
population will be arrived at by considering upper storey
development within permissible. F.A.R. and the total number of
dwelling units accommodated in the Scheme. The household size
occupying a dwelling unit is to be taken as five.
51. Outhouse
An outhouse with zero rear and one side set back may be permitted on a
plot having an area not less than 150 Sq.mt.:
Provided that: (1) the coverage of the outhouse shall not exceed 30 sq.mt. and the
height shall not exceed 3 mt.;
(2) the coverage of the outhouse and that of the main building together
shall not exceed the permissible coverage for the concerned plot;
333
Appendix I
(3) the built up area of the outhouse and that of the main building
together shall not exceed the permissible FAR for the concerned
plot;
(4) the outhouse shall not cover more than one third of the width and
more than one fourth of depth of the plot and shall not abut any
public road;
(5) a minimum 1.5 mt. strip of land shall be kept open to the sky between
the main building and the outhouse;
(6) no opening either in the form of windows or doors or ventilators shall
be provided to the adjoining properties;
(7) outhouses with sloping roof would only be permitted. In no case
permission for outhouses would be granted with reinforced concrete
cement flat roof.
52. Addition/alteration of existing Building

(1) Construction proposed over all existing buildings which have been
divided into parts by partition/sale or otherwise may be permitted
(without insisting on front, rear or side setbacks) subject to fulfillment
of following provisions:
a)
Proposed coverage of the upper floor shall not exceed 75% of the
plinth area of existing floor for organising an open terrace to facilitate
light and ventilation to habitable rooms & toilets.
b)
Separate arrangement shall be made for drainage of the storm

water.
c)
Ventilators may be permitted above lintel height on production of no

objection certificate from the owners of the adjacent plot to which the
ventilators abuts. But no window overlooking others property shall
be permitted without obtaining written consent of the owner of the
plot to which the window overlooks.
(2) For constructions on first and subsequent floors on existing floors in

a basti area, constructions with zero setbacks on sides may be
permitted.
(3) Provided that the construction does not lead to closing down of
windows/ ventilators/ skylights of the neighbouring plot which
already exist lawfully.
(4) While according permissions without providing required setbacks,
no-objection certificate from the side neighbour where setback is not
provided may be obtained and reasons for the same may be
recorded in writing.
334
Appendix I
53. Requirement for Basti
(1) (a) The Basti areas are to be delineated and notified by the Authority.
(b) Side setback for plots having area up to 100 square meter with
width less than 5.0 meters may be relaxed provided a no-objection
certificate is obtained from the immediate side neighbours.
(c) In plots having narrow width (above 5.0 mt. but less than 7.5 mt.)
constructions at zero setback may be allowed on one side with a
passage of 1 meter on the other side.
(d) The front and rear setbacks shall not be less than the prescribed
setback provided in these regulations.
(e) In such small size plots an internal courtyard of not less than 6
square meters in area and 1.5 meters in width shall be provided in
such a way that at least the wall of each living room shall abut
such courtyard or verandah opening to such a courtyard.
(f) A minimum of 25 percent of the plot shall be left open without
adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable space and
toilet.
(2) Requirements of small plots in basti area:
(a) Minimum plot size & frontage:-The minimum size and frontage of
residential plots shall not be less than 30 square meter and 3.5
meter respectively.
(b) Open space:- In such plots it shall not be mandatory to leave
setback on any side. However front setback may not be less than
1.00 meter.
(c) Internal Courtyard:- In such plots having zero setback on both
sides an internal courtyard of area not less than 6 sq.mt. in area
and not less than 1.5 meter in width shall be provided in such a
way that at least one wall of each living room/ toilet shall abut such
a courtyard or a verandah opening to the courtyard.
(d) For plots with narrow width (7.5 meters) zero setbacks may be
allowed on one side with a passage of one meter on the other side.
(e) The rear setback and front setback shall not be less than 1 m.
respectively.
(f) Foundation of building with zero set back in basti area:a. Where constructions of building have been permitted with zero
setback in no case footing of the foundation shall be allowed to
spread into the plot of the neighbours.
335
Appendix I
b. Sufficient precaution shall be taken while digging foundation to
ensure that the structural safety of the neighbouring building is
not adversely affected.
54. Semi-detached and row housing

(1) Owners of adjacent similar dimension plot abutting a road may be
permitted to construct row or semi-detached buildings.
(2) The orientation of the row or semi-detached building shall preferably
be such that the prevailing south-west summer breeze can be
availed by each dwelling unit.
(3) For semi-detached buildings over two adjacent plots, the setbacks,
the height and the FAR shall be regulated by treating both the plots
as one.
(4) In case of row housing, the length of a row shall not exceed 30 mt.
along the road on which such houses abut. In case, the dwelling
units in a row are scattered the maximum length of the road shall be
100 mt.
(5) For row houses the ground coverage shall not be allowed to exceed
60% and the FAR more than 1.50.
(6) The minimum size of the plot on which a unit of a row housing may
he allowed shall be 30 sq.mt.
55.
Shop cum residence
Where plots are allotted in a row for shop-cum-residential purpose the

Authority may allow construction of shop-cum-residential building without
any side set backs up to a depth of 10 meters from the front exterior wall.
Provided that no part of the building up to said depth is used for
residential purpose on the ground floor. No building exceeding 11 meters
in height shall be allowed to be constructed as a shop-cum-residential
plot, unless so permitted under the Zonal Development Plan, provided
that the shop-cum-residence shall have 2/3rd of the total floor area used
for shops. The FAR and other parameters shall conform to that specified
for commercial buildings.
56. Institutional buildings

All Institutional, Assembly, Commercial and Industrial Buildings shall
contain at least two doors for entry and exit and shall provide adequate
toilet facility separately for men, women and handicapped persons in
each floor which shall be linked to main sewerage/ drainage systems of
336
Appendix I
the town wherever possible and shall be maintained cleanly and properly
by the builders/ tenants/ occupants of the building as the case may be.
57. Cinema, Multiplex and Theatre building

(1) The relevant provisions of the Orissa Cinemas (Regulations) Rules,
1954 shall apply for planning, designing and construction of Cinema
and Theatre buildings and plan and design shall be made as per
Table 11 below:
Table 11 Open Space Requirement for Cinema/ Theatre Buildings
Area of the
plot (in
square
metres)
Maximum
Coverage
2000
3000
Minimum
road
width (in
meter)
FAR
35%
12.0
35%
12.0
Minimum Open Spaces

Requirement
(in metres)
Front
Sides
Rear
1.0
1.5
12
(2) No permission for construction of a building to be used as a cinema

hall, theatre or auditoria for cultural show shall be granted unless the
construction of such buildings, conforms to the provisions of the
Orissa
Cinema
(Regulations
Act,
1954)
and
the
Orissa
Cinematograph Rules, 1939 or any other law in the subject for the
time being in force in the State.
(3) No permission to construct a cinema hall on a site shall be given
unless the Authority has approved such site for the purpose.
(4) The open spaces (setbacks) to be left around a cinema building
number of floors, coverage, FAR in respect of cinema hall, theatres
or auditoria for cultural show shall be as per the Table 11 given in
Claus 57(1).
(5) Buildings referred to in Sub-Claus (3) shall be permitted only on
plots which abuts a street with a minimum right way of 24 metres
and where the width of the right of way is less than 24 metres if
permissible under a Zonal Plan or a Development scheme or a town
planning scheme.
(4) Excepting provision for restaurant and incidental facilities no other
use shall be permitted in a cinema building.
(5) All cinema, theatre or auditoria buildings shall conform to IS: 48981968 and acoustics design of such buildings shall adhere to the
requirements of IS: 2526-1963.
337
Appendix I
(6) Exits and fire safety requirements shall be in accordance with Part
IV (Fire and life safety) of National Building Code of India, 2005.
58. Liquefied petroleum gas Cylinder Godown

(1) Vacant space shall be maintained at all times, with the following
distances for storage shed used for the storage of liquefied
petroleum gas cylinder between any building, public space, public
road or any adjoining property which may be built upon and the said
storage shed.
Table 12: Minimum distances required for storage shed of liquefied
petroleum gas cylinders
.
Quantity of Compressed Gas in
Cylinders (Kg.)
Minimum Clear Distance to be kept

(meters.)
0-100
Above 100-1000
Above 1000 to 4000
Above 4000 to 8000
Above 8000 to 12000
Above 12000 to 30000
12
Above 30000
15
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in the conditions specified

above, cylinders containing liquefied petroleum gas exceeding 100
Kilograms but not exceeding 300 Kilograms may be kept in a
storage shed forming part of, or attached to building, if it is
separated there from by a substantial partition and the only means
of access to it is from outside. Such a storage shed shall not be
situated under any staircase or near other entrances to or exits from
the rest of the building or other buildings. A suitable fence to prevent
unauthorised persons from having access to the shed shall surround
a shed used for storage of liquefied petroleum gas cylinders.
59.
Petrol Pump
(1) Minimum distance from the road intersections shall be:

A. For minor roads having less than 30 mt. width - 50 m.
B. For major roads having width 30 mt. or more - 100 m.
(2) The minimum distance of the property line of petrol pump from the
centre line of the road shall not be less than 15 meters on roads
having less than 30 mt. width. In case of roads having 30 mt. or
more width, the width of the road shall be protected.
(3) Plot size:
A. Only for filling stations - 30 m. X 17 m.
B. Filling-cum-service station -36 m. X 30 m.
338
Appendix I
C. Frontage of the plot shall not be less than 30 m.
(4) New petrol pump shall not be located on roads having less than 30
mt. width.
(5) (A) Other controls:
i.
Ground coverage
- 20%
ii.
FAR
- 0.20
iii.
Maximum height
-7 m.
iv.
Canopy equivalent to permissible ground coverage within

setback line.
v.
Front set back
- minimum 6 m.
(B) Other regulations:

i.
NOC from Explosives/Fire Department
ii.
License from the District Magistrate
iii.
Ground coverage will exclude canopy area
(C) Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) mother station

i.
Plot size (Max)
-36 m. X 30 m.
ii.
Maximum ground coverage
-20%
iii.
Maximum height
- 7 m. (single storey)
iv.
Building component
- control room/ office/

dispensary, store, pantry
and W.C.
60. Farm House

For construction of Farm House Building in Agriculture and forest Use
Zone:
(1) Minimum size of plot- Minimum size of a plot for farmhouse shall
not be less than 1.00 hectare.
(2) Maximum coverage and FAR shall be as given in the table belowTable 13: Maximum coverage and FAR
a. Maximum
permissible
ground coverage for all
types of activity
b. Maximum permissible FAR
c. Residential
accommodation of watch
and ward/maintenance
staff
d. Maximum height
e. Setbacks
15 percent
0.25
100 sq.mt.
7 m.
Front/side abutting road 15.0m. and all
other sides 9.0 m.
339
Appendix I
(3) Other Provisions-Minimum 50 percent of the total area of the
farmhouse shall be under plantation/cultivation. At least 100 trees
per hectare shall be planted out of which at least 50 per cent shall
be evergreen trees.
(4) Water-supply, Sewerage and Drainage:
A. In case of a plot for a farmhouse having dwelling units, the owner
thereof shall be responsible to make lawful arrangements for
potable water.
B. The owner shall be responsible to provide drains in the farm
house to be used for rain water and in case of dairy farm open or
closed sanitary drains to clean sheds, as may be required by the
Authority.
C. The owner shall be responsible to provide septic tank with
necessary disposal trenches for disposal of human and animal
waste in the farmhouse within his own premises.
(5) Electrification-The owner of a farmhouse shall obtain electric
connection directly from the appropriate authority authorized for
distribution on such terms and conditions at his own cost as decided
by the appropriate Authority from time to time.
Integrated Township
This refers to the Regulations No. 1163 of Part VI of the CUTTACK
61. Large Projects
(1) Integrated Townships with minimum 10 Ha. of land having access
from minimum 30 m. R/W road shall be allowed. The road shall have
adequate provision for cycle track, footpath, covered drain,
plantation, street light and underground utilities.
(2) The integrated Township shall be permitted in Residential / Public
and Semi-public use Zone.
(3) Permissible land use within the township (%)
A. Residential
45-50
B. Industrial (Non-Polluting)
8-10
C. Commercial
2-3
D. Institutional
6-8
E. Recreational
12-14
(4) Other regulations for approval of Integrated Township:
340
Appendix I
A. At least 10% of the total area shall be reserved for parks and
open space. It shall be developed and maintained by the
developer.
B. At least 5% of the site area shall be reserved for public and semipublic use and shall be handed over to the Authority free of cost
and the Authority for development either to the developer or
others on lease basis shall allot the same.
C. The FAR shall be calculated on the total area.
D. Road shown in Comprehensive Development Plan shall be
incorporated within the plan and shall be handed over to the
Local Authority free of cost after development.
E. The FAR and coverage shall be 2,50 and 40% respectively.
F. At least 20% of the housing units developed will be earmarked
for housing for the EWS/LIG category. The cost and method of
allotment of such houses will be decided by the Authority.
G. At least one of the major interconnecting roads shall be 18 Mt.
R/W and shall be open ended.
Multi-Storeyed
Buildings
and
Group
Housing
Schemes/Apartments: Additional Requirements
This refers to the Regulations No. 1163 of Part VII of the CUTTACK
62. Restriction on construction of multi-storied building
(1) The Authority may restrict construction of multi-storied buildings
in any area on the basis of objective assessment of the available
infrastructure and planning needs after obtaining due approval of
the Government.
(2) Before commencement of these regulations, where permission has
been granted conditionally, and such cases shall be dealt with under
corresponding provisions of these Regulations without any major
change, or removal of construction, subject to the condition where
violation of Heritage Zone conditions has occurred, this relaxation
shall not apply.
(3) No multi-storied building shall be allowed to be constructed:
a. with approach road less than 12 m. width;
b. on plot size less than 2000 sq. m.
341
Appendix I
c.
Within 100 (One hundred) metres from the centre of a National

Highway on either side;
d. Within 300 (three hundred) metres of the boundary line of any old
temple or historical monuments or site of archaeological
importance recognised by the Archaeological Survey of India,
State protected monuments outside the Heritage Zone of the
Comprehensive Development Plan;
e. Within 100 (hundred) metres from boundary of the Railway track
of the Indian Railway;
f.
Within the heritage zone;
g. Within one kilometer from the reference point of an Airport

without clearance from the Airport Authority.
h. In low-lying areas as notified by the Authority.
63. Application for approval of site

a. Before making an application for construction a multi-storied building,
the owner of the concerned plots/site shall first obtain from the
Authority a clearance with regard to suitability of the site. An
application for such clearance shall be in the form to be specified by
the Authority and shall be accompanied by a site plan with detail
information with regard to its location and dimension and a service
charge as decided by the Authority.
b. The Authority after due inspection of the site may issue or refuse
clearance for construction of the multi-storied building. Such
clearance shall be valid for 18 months from the date of its issue.
64. Application for construction of multi-storied building

a. Every application for approval of the site and building plan and
permission to construct or reconstruct or alter or add to, a multistoried building shall, in addition to the prescribed scrutiny fee under
the rules and other fees as prescribed by the Authority from time to
time and the applicable particulars required, be accompanied with the
following further particulars, namely :
i.
A key plan showing :
the means of access from the street or streets to all the

buildings existing and proposed at the site, to the parking
space and facilities provided at the site for scavengers and
fire protection;
342
Appendix I
the spaces to be left around the building for access, parking,

circulation of air, light and other amenity;
ii.
the disposal system of storm and domestic refuse water; and
a rain water harvesting structure;
Building plans showing :
floor plan of all floors and covered area indicating clearly size
and spacing of all framing members and sizes and
arrangement of rooms and the position of stair-case, ramps,
lift, wells and circulation spaces etc.;
longitudinal cross-section of the building including size of

footings, basement and super structure framing members
and details of building and room heights and of staircase
etc.;
plans and sectional details of water supply, drainage and

sewerage system of the building;
internal electrical design;
the general lay-out of the columns and load bearing walls;

and;
a landscape plan showing the area to be developed as lawn,

garden, plantation etc.
location and provision of Fire Prevention related equipments

like hydrants, hose seals, fire extinguishers, vehicular access
and refuse area.
iii.
No Objection Certificate :
In case of buildings having more than four floors or 15

[fifteen] metres and above height, from the Chief Fire Officer
having jurisdiction to the effect that the applicant has agreed
to provide the fire fighting measures for the building as
prescribed in the National Building Code and to the effect
that the plan referred above provides access for easy
movement of fire service vehicles in case of a fire hazard in
future; and
In all multi-storied buildings, the Chief Officer of the

Archaeological Survey of India in case of any portion of the
plot or site of the building or its boundary exist within 300
(three hundred) metres of the boundary line of any old
temple of historical monuments or site of archaeological
importance, or heritage site.
Public Health Engineer Department with regard to adequacy

of water supply and sewerage.
343
Appendix I
CESCO with regard to supply of electricity. .
Respective
Municipal
Corporation/Urban
Local
Body/Panchayat Samiti with regard to approach road and

adequacy of drainage.
iv.
The clearance certificate in original issued by the Authority as

referred to in Regulation 63 (2).
v.
Statement and calculation sheets with regard to the plot area,

floor wise details of spaces under various categories like
apartment or office spaces, lobby circulation, staircase, lift,
mezzanine space, balconies and details of such area which are
to be exempted from calculation of floor area ratio, and;
vi.
A certificate from a Registered /Empanelled Civil/ Structural

Engineer with regard to details of structural plan and structural
design including soil test certificate of the proposed multi-storied
building. Provided further that while preparing the structural plan
/design following aspects should be taken into account:
The loads and forces including seismic forces and wind loads
which are to be taken into account for structural design of
building shall be in accordance with the Section- I (Loads) of
Part-VI ( structural design) of the National Building Code of
India, 2005.
The structural design of foundations and elements in Substructure and super structure of wood, masonry, reinforced
and pre-stressed concrete and steel shall be in accordance
with
Section-2(foundation),
Section-3(wood),
Section-4
(masonry), Section-5 (concrete) and Section-6 (steel) of PartVI (structural design) of the National Building Code of India,
2005.
b. All plans, drawings, statements, design details shall bear the
signature of the applicant and shall be duly countersigned by a
registered Architect. All documents and plans related to structural
designs shall bear the full name and full signature of a Structural
Engineer. Plans and documents related to sanitary arrangements
shall bear the full name and full signature of a Public Health
Engineer.
Note:
i. The registered Architect who has prepared the plan shall put
the registration number and seal on all plans and documents
signed by him and shall also furnish a certificate to the effect
that he shall supervise the construction of the building and
shall be responsible for any deviation from the approved plan.
344
Appendix I
ii. The Structural Engineer, who has prepared the structural
design, shall put his seal, and address on all the documents
signed by him and shall also furnish a certificate to the effect
that he shall supervise the structural part of the construction
and shall be responsible for any structural failure except
caused by unprecedented natural calamities in Form-X.
iii. All aspects related to structural design, building surface,
plumbing, electrical installation, sanitary arrangements, fire
protection shall adhere to the specification, standards and code
of practice recommended in the National Building Code of
India, 1983 and any breach thereof shall be deemed to be a
breach of the requirements under these Regulations.
65. Permission for construction of multi-storied building

Permission for construction of multi-storied building shall be accorded
along with direction to the builder/developer to develop the onsite and
offsite infrastructure like connectivity of sewerage, drainage, water
supply, road etc. as per the specification of the concerned public
authorities.
The builder/developer shall produce no objection certificate from the
applying for occupancy certificate.
After receipt of the NOC from the above authorities, occupancy certificate
shall be given by CDA.
66. Commencement of Work

(1) Every applicant or builder or owner shall submit a notice regarding
his intention to commence the foundation work of the proposed
multi-storied building to the Authority through authorised technical
persons. The said notice shall be accompanied by the approved
plan and shall be in Form-V of Cuttack Development Authority
(Planning & Building Standards) Regulations 2010.
(2) Soon after the receipt of the notice referred to in sub- clause (1)
above, the Authority shall send a team of officers to the proposed
building site and the layout for foundation of the proposed multistoried building shall be made in presence of those officers. The
team shall also submit a report to the Authority to the effect that the
layout has been made as per the approved plan.
(3) During or soon after the construction of the foundation work of the
multi-storied building, the Vice-Chairman of the Authority or his
representatives or independent Engineer/ Architect appointed by
Authority shall inspect the construction to ensure that the setbacks,
345
Appendix I
coverage, basement if any, and foundation standards are done
according to the approved plan.
(4) The applicant/builder shall submit periodic progress report after
casting of each floor slab in Form-VIIl of Cuttack Development
Authority (Planning & Building Standards) Regulations 2010.
67. Liability of defective construction

(1) For defective constructions, the Authority shall sue the owners
builders, architects, and the engineers for both civil and criminal
liabilities, besides taking action under these regulations.
(2) Without prejudice to the provisions of the Act, the actions to be taken
by the Authority shall include stop construction notices, cancellation
of permission, and removal of unauthorized constructions, which
shall be notified.
68. Maintenance
(1) The main entrance to the premises shall not be less than 5 (five)
meter in width in order to allow easy access to fire engine. The gate
shall fold back against the compound wall of the premises, thus
leaving the exterior access way, within the plot, free for the
movement of fire service vehicles. If archway is provided over the
main entrances, the height of the archway shall not be less than 5
(five) meter.
(2) For multi-storied group housing scheme on one plot, the access way
within the premises shall not be less than 7.5 (seven and half) meter
in width and between individual building blocks, there shall be an
open un-built space of 6 (six) meter.
(3) The space set apart for providing access within the premises shall,
in no case, be included in the calculation of requirements pertaining
to parking spaces and other amenities required to be provided for
the building.
(4) Every access way shall be properly drained and lit to the satisfaction
of the Authority. Manhole covers or any other fittings laid within the
right of way of the access way shall be flushed with the finished
surface level of it so as not to obstruct safe movement of men and
vehicles.
(5) Reconstruction
or addition
or
alteration
to
any
multi-storied
building shall not be taken in a manner which shall reduce the width
of the access way to a level below the minimum prescribed limit
under these regulations.
346
Appendix I
69. Exit
(1) Every multi-storey building meant for human occupation or assembly
shall be provided with exit sufficient to permit safe escape of the
occupants in case of fire or other emergencies.
(2) An exit may be a doorway, corridor, and passageway to an internal
or external staircase or to a verandah or roof or terrace having
access to a street.
(3) Exits shall be so arranged as to provide continuous means of access
to the exterior of a building or exterior open space leading to a street
without passing through any occupied unit.
(4) Exits shall be so located that the travel distance on the floor shall not
exceed twenty meters in case of residential, educational, institutional
and hazardous occupancies and thirty meters in the case of
assembly, business, mercantile, industrial and storage occupancies.
Wherever more than one exit is required for a floor of a building,
exits shall be placed at a reasonable distance from each other as
possible. All the exits shall be accessible from the entire floor area at
all floor levels.
(5) There shall be at least two exits serving every floor and at least one
of them shall lead to a staircase.
(6) The width of every exit shall not be less than one meter and shall be
provided as per the following table: -
Table 14: Number of occupants as per type of occupancy

Sl.
No.
1
1
2
Type of occupancy
2
Residential
Mixed and other uses
Number of occupants
per unit exit
Stair Case
Terrace
3
4
25
75
50
75
Explanation:
A.
Lifts and escalators shall not be considered as an exit.
B.
'Travel distance' means the distance from any point in the floor area
to any exit measured along the path or egress except that when the
floor areas are sub-divided into rooms, used singly or of rooms and
served by suite corridors and passage, the travel distance may be
measured from the corridor entrance of such rooms or suites to the
nearest staircase or verandah having access to the street.
347
Appendix I
70. Mandatory Provision
a.
Every multi-storied building shall provide one or more rain water

harvesting
structures.
The
total
dimension
of
recharging/
percolating pits/ trenches should be at least at the rate of 6 [six]

cubic metres dimension for every 100 [one hundred] square metres
of roof area.
b.
Every multi-storied building shall provide red lights on the roof

facing the sky of a minimum wattage of 500. This can be of one or
more units; but the minimum wattage of one unit shall be 100
watts.
71. Lifts
Lifts shall be provided in all multi-storied buildings irrespective of the use.
The lifts provided shall not be considered as means of escape in case of
emergencies. An extra staircase shall be provided as a means of escape
during emergency.
72. Floor Area Ratio and Set-back

In case of multi-storied buildings, the maximum Floor Area Ratio shall be
2.00, and the maximum ground coverage shall be 50%. Out of the
balance area, at least 20% shall be covered by plantation.
a. The minimum side and rear set-back for the multi-storied building
rd
shall be 1/3 (one third) of the height of the building.

b. The minimum front setback for the multi-storied building shall be 1/3
rd
(one third) of the height of the building + 1 (one) meter.

c.
The area covered under following services and structures shall not
be included in the calculation of floor area ratio namely :
i. a basement or cellar or covered space under a building
constructed on stilt (not exceeding 2.56 metres in height),
provided that it is used for parking, installation of air conditioning
equipments and other machines used for services and utilities of
the building (lift room, pump house, fire fighting).
ii. Electric cabin of sub-station, watchman booth, pump house and
garbage shaft, staircase room and lift rooms above the top most
storey, architectural feature, chimneys and elevated tanks; and
iii. Spaces occupied by staircase rooms, lift and lobbies attached to
them and circulation or movement corridors and fire refuse
areas.
348
Appendix I
73. Building height
a. Notwithstanding anything contained in these Regulations, no building
exceeding 27 (twenty seven) metres in height shall be permitted
within the Cuttack Development Area, except with the Approval of the
full Authority, as stated in sub-regulation [2] below.
b. The Authority shall not issue permission on case to case basis. The
Authority, in a full meeting, shall specify the mouzas and units where
buildings above 27 (twenty seven) metres height may be taken up.
Before taking a decision on this, the concurrence of the Art
Commission and the Airport Authority of India shall be obtained. A
draft notification shall be published by the Authority, inviting
suggestions and objections, giving thirty days time. After receipt of
the objections and suggestions, if any, will be considered by the full
Authority, and a decision will be taken. The areas in which buildings
above 27 [twenty seven] meters height will be permissible, will be
notified by the Vice Chairman of the Authority. No request for
approval of plan shall be entertained before expiry of one month from
the date of publication of the final notification in this regard. No
approval will be given before the expiry of two months from the date
of publication of this notification.
74. Departure of approved plan
If during the construction of a building any substantial departure from the
approved plan is intended to be made by way of internal alterations or
modifications, which will increase the potential occupancy, prior sanction
of the Authority shall be obtained. The revised plan showing the deviation
shall be submitted and the procedure laid down in these Regulations
shall apply to such revised plan.
75. Inspection
a. The Vice-chairman of the Authority or his authorised representative
shall inspect the building from time to time during construction.
b. If at any stage of construction it is noticed that there is possibility of
threat to the structural stability of a multi-storied building on account
of addition of extra loads, both horizontally and vertically, addition of
extra floors or poor construction practices by using low quality
materials etc., the Authority shall get the building inspected by its
own technical personnel or by engaging experts from reputed
institutes or farms. The expenditure incurred in this connection shall
be realised from the builder or owner of the building.
c.
The authorised technical person or the expert engaged for the above
purpose shall inspect the building and carry out such tests if required,
349
Appendix I
as per the provision of NBC and submit a report mentioning the
details of findings to the Authority.
d. If the Authority, after carefully examining the report as referred to in
Clause-3 above, feels that actually there is threat to the structural
stability of the building, the Authority shall declare the building unsafe
for human habitation and cause disconnection of water supply and
electricity to the building and initiate action for demolition of the
building. The decision of the Authority in this regard shall be
published.
e. An appeal against an order made under sub-clause (4) above shall
lie under section 103 of the Act.
76. ICT landing points

Every multi-storied building complex shall have provision for Information
and Communication Technology (ICT) landing point in the form of a room
near the main entrance gate of dimension not less than 3 m x 4 m. and
having 3 m. clear height. The room shall have two fire proof doors of 1.2
m. width opening outwards along with adequate ventilation in the form of
windows/ ventilators. Such room shall not be counted in coverage and
FAR calculations.
77. Penal Action against Builders/ Technical personnel

(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in these regulations, the
Authority reserves the right to debar/ black list the builder/ technical
person who has deviated from the professional conduct or has made
any fraudulent statement or has misrepresented/suppressed any
material facts in his application/ plan or is involved in construction of
the building deviating from the approved plan/norms of these
regulations.
(2) Before taking any action under clause (1) specified above, the
Authority shall issue a notice specifying the reasons thereof asking
for a show-cause within 15 days as to why such builder/technical
person shall not be debarred/black listed. After receipt of the show
cause, if any, the same shall be placed before the Authority for a
decision on debarring/black listing the technical person/builder. The
decision of the Authority in this regard shall be published in the
Notice Board of the Authority and the Govt. website.
(3) An appeal against an order under sub-clause (2) above shall lie
under Section 18 of the Act.
350
Appendix I
78. Occupancy of the building
In addition to the general provisions contained in regulation-16 and partial
modification thereof the following provisions shall be followed in case of
multi-storied buildings, apartments and group housing schemes;
(1) No person shall occupy or allow any other person to occupy any part
of the multi-storied building for any purpose until such building or
any part of it, as the case may be, is granted occupancy certificate
by the Authority.
(2) On receipt of completion certificate in Form-VI (Part-I & Part-II) the
Planning Member with the approval of Vice-Chairman shall issue a
provisional
occupancy
certificate
in
Form-X
to
enable
the
builder/land owner to obtain service connections.

(3) The authorities entrusted with the job of providing services like
electricity, water supply and sewerage shall not provide such
services without provisional occupancy certificate by the Authority.
However, temporary service connection may be provided for
construction purpose.
(4) The builder shall cause to register an Association of apartment
owners as required under the Orissa Apartment Ownership Act,
1982, before occupancy certificate for 50% or more of the floor area
is given.
(5) The builder shall submit a copy of the agreement it has entered into
with the apartment owners' society. This agreement shall contain the
terms of maintenance of public utilities.
(6) On satisfactory compliance of above & provision of the services the
final occupancy certificate shall be issued by the Planning Member
with approval of the Vice-Chairman.
79. Completion of construction

Every applicant/ owner shall submit a notice in Form-VI (Part-I and PartII) regarding completion of the construction of multi-storied building, to
the Authority through the registered Architect/Structural Engineer, who
has supervised the construction. The said notice shall be accompanied
with the following documents:
A. Three copies of plan of the completed building.
B. A fee of Rs.5000.
C. Record of Rights (ROR) relating to ownership.
D. Evidence to the effect of all public utility services, and in particular,
sewerage, drainage, water supply and electricity has been linked to
the main public utility system.
351
Appendix I
E. The Authority may accept or reject completion certificate. In case it
is rejected the reasons for the same shall be indicated.
F. Completion of the work shall be done within the period of validity of
permission. The concerned agencies shall submit report of
completion of the utility services.
G. No Objection Certificate from Fire Prevention Officer.
80. Issue of occupancy certificate

(1) The Authority on receipt of the notice of completion, along with all
the required documents, shall take a decision to either issue or
refuse occupancy certificate in Form-X within 60 days from the
date of receipt of such notice which shall be published in the Notice
Board of the Authority and in the Govt. website.
(2) If the occupancy certificate is not issued by the Authority within sixty
days from the receipt of notice, the owner shall draw the attention of
the Vice-Chairman of the Authority in this regard in the Form-XIII. If
within the further period of two months the authority does not
communicate its decision either granting or refusing occupancy
certificate, such issue of occupancy certificate shall be deemed to
have been granted to the owner on the date following the date of
expiry of said two months.
(3) Where occupancy certificate is refused by the Authority, reasons
recorded thereof shall be communicated to the applicant and the
same shall be published. An appeal against such a decision will lie
under Section 18 of the Act. The Appellate Authority shall be
competent to seek the views of, and implead as parties, authorities
in charge of public utility services, as provided under the Act, under
the Orissa Apartment Ownership Act, 1982, and apartment owners.
Where non-provision of public utilities is likely to affect other
residents, such residents may also be impleaded as parties.
81. Structural Safety Design and other services requirements

(1) Structural Design: The structural design of foundation, masonry,
timber, plain concrete, reinforced concrete, pre-stressed concrete
and structural steel shall be carried out in accordance with Part-VI
structural design, Section-1 loads, Section-2 foundation, Section-3
wood, Section-4 masonry, Section-5 concrete and Section-6 steel of
National Building Code of India taking into consideration all relevant
Indian Standards prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standards
including the Indian Standard given in IS-Code 1893-1984, 13920-
352
Appendix I
1993, 4326-1993, 13828-1993, 13827-1993 and 13935-1993 for
structural safety.
(2) Quality of Materials and Workmanship: All material and
workmanship shall be of good quality conforming generally to the
accepted standards of Public Works Department and Indian
standard specification and codes as included in Part-V Building
Materials and Part-VII Construction practices and safety of National
Building Code of India.
(3) Construction practices and safety
The safety measure to be adopted during various constructions,
operations, including storage of material in construction side and
corporation land shall be in accordance with part VII, constructional
practices and safety of the National Building Code of India, 2005.
(3) Alternative Materials, Methods of Design and Construction and
Tests: The provisions of these regulations are not intended to
prevent the use of any material or method of design or construction
not specifically prescribed by these regulations provided any such
alternative has been approved.
The Authority may approve any such alternative if it is found that the
proposed alternative is satisfactory and conform to the provision of
relevant parts of this regulation regarding material, design and
construction and that material method of work offered is, for the
purpose intended, at least equivalent to that prescribed in these
regulations with regard to effectiveness fire and water resistance,
durability and safety requirements.
The building materials approved by B.I.S. or any statutory body will
form part of the approved building material and technology as part of
the regulations.
(4) Building Services:
A. the Planning design and installation of electrical installations, air
conditioning installation of lifts and escalators can be carried out
in accordance with Part-VIII Building Services, Section-2
electrical installation,
heating,
Section-3
air
conditioning
and
Section-5 installation of lifts and escalators of National
Building Code of India, 2005.

B. The requirements of electric sub-station and the provision of
electric sub-station shall also require approval from the
concerned Authority.
(5) Plumbing Services:
The planning, design, construction and installation of water supply,
drainage and sanitation and gas supply system shall be in accordance
353
Appendix I
with Part-IX, Plumbing Services, Section-1 water supply; Section-2
drainage and sanitation and Section-3 gas supply of National Building
Code of India 2005.
82. Fire safety requirements
Buildings shall be planned, designed and constructed to ensure adequate
fire safety to the property and inhabitants and this shall be carried out in
accordance with Part- IV (Fire and Life Safety) of the National Building
Code of India, 2005 for buildings above 5 storeys of 15 metres in height.
The fire fighting requirements, arrangements and installations required in
buildings shall also conform to the provisions of Part IV (Fire and Life
Safety) of the National Building Code of India, 2005.
83. Test
Whenever there is insufficient evidence of compliance with the provisions
of these regulations or evidence that any material or method of design or
construction does conform to the requirements of these regulations or in
order to substantiate claims for alternative materials design on methods
of constructions, the Authority may require tests sufficiently in advance as
proof of compliance. Those tests shall be made by an approved agency
at the expenses of the owner.
Test methods shall be specified by these regulations for the materials or
design or construction in question. If there are no appropriate test
methods specified in these regulations the Authority shall determine the
test procedure. For method of tests for building materials reference may
be made to relevant Indian Standards as given in the National Building
Code of India, 1983 published by the Indian Standards Instruction.
Copy of the results of all such tests shall be retained by the Authority for
a period of not less than two years after the acceptance of the alternative
materials.
Development and Sub-Division of Land Regulations

This refers to the Regulations No. 1163 of Part VIII of the CUTTACK
84. Application
(1) Applications for subdivision of land for utilizing selling, leasing out or
otherwise disposing it off as referred to in clause(a) of sub-section(1)
of Section 16 of the Act shall be made to the Authority in Form-1.
354
Appendix I
(2) The applications for Subdivision shall be in addition to the
requirements specified in regulation-5(2) (iii) accompanied byi. a copy of the title deed of the land in question;
ii. an affidavit with regard to the right, title and interest of land and
such other particulars as the Authority may require;
iii. an authenticated copy of the certificate with regard to the
payment of development charges, if any, under, Chapter-IX of
the Act, provided that submission of such certificate shall not be
necessary if the provisions of Chapter-IX of the Act has not been
brought into force in the area in which the concerned land is
located;
iv. an authenticated copy of the receipt towards payment of the
scrutiny fee to the Authority as prescribed under rule-18;
v. a no-objection certificate, from the lessor in case the land is not
lease-hold unless the lease deed permits undertaking Subdivision as applied for;
vi. a site plan traced out of revenue village settlement map in
operation indicating therein in red colour the lands to which the
application relates and surrounding plots;
vii. an index plan of the site showing adjoining areas within a radius
of 150 m. round from the proposed site marking clearly
therein the boundaries of the proposed layout in red colour,
existing road, structures, burial ground and high tension or lowtension power line passing through the site of the layout plan and
the level of the site;
viii. a detailed plan to a scale not less than 1:100 showing the
proposed layout (Subdivision) indicating size of plot width of the
proposed road, open space and amenities provided;
ix. land use analysis indicating the survey plot number, the bye-plot
number, the detailed dimensions of all the plots, the area of
each-plot and the use to which they are proposed to be put;
x. in case of land originally belonging to any religious endowments,
a no-objection certificate from the endowment commissioner or
wakf board as the case may be; and
(3) Where permission for Subdivision of land is granted, such
permission shall be communicated to the applicant in Form II within
60 days from the receipt of the application.
(4) Where permission for Subdivision of land is refused such refusal
shall be communicated to the applicant in Form IX.
355
Appendix I
85. Use in relation to development plan
(1) Sub-division of land shall normally be permitted for the purpose for
which the concerned land is earmarked in the development
plan.
Such Sub-division may be for residential, commercial,
industrial, institutional or combination of one or more of this purpose

or such other purpose as may be considered conforming to the
provisions in the development plan: provided that in every Subdivision plan spaces for roads, community facilities and public
utilities as specified in this part or such other facilities as the
Authority may determine shall be incorporated.
(2) After a Sub-division plan has been approved the Authority shall not
permit construction of a building on any of the plot under Section-16
unless the owners have laid down and made street or streets and
provided amenities as approved or transferred the land covered by
roads, open spaces or other public purposes to the concerned local
body.
(3) Sub-division of land for residential purpose in green-belt use zone
shall not be permitted unless such Sub-division in the opinion of the
Authority forms a part of the normal expansion of existing human
habitation.
(4) Sub-division of land should cater to all income groups with different
plot sizes and grouping as far as practicable.
(5) The Sub-division shall conform to the proposals of the CDP and other
development plans.
86. Roads to be provide in residential sub-division plan:

a. Depending upon the total area to be sub-divided roads is to be
provided in a hierarchical manner as per the following Table 15
provided that roads of 6 metres width can only serve as access to
plots and the collector streets should have a minimum width of 9
metres.
Table 15: Hierarchical manner of providing the roads
356
Class of
roads
Width of road
(in metres)
Maximum permissible length

(in metres)
6.0
150
9.0
300
12.0
500
18.0
1000
24.0
Above 1000
Appendix I
b. The corner of the plots facing road junction shall be champhered to
45 degree up to a distance of 2.0 metres from the corner.
87. Open spaces & Community Facilities
The open spaces and community facilities in a residential sub-division
plan shall be provided as mentioned below:
a. Open Space: A minimum of 7% of the total area in residential subdivision plan shall be left for open space requirement to be used for
tot-lot park, playground, plantation and such other purposes.
Provided that where a person owns one acre of land or less without
owning contagious land, the percentage of open space may be
reduced to 10%. In case, the width of road provide is 9 metres or
more this provision of open space may be exempted.
b. Community Facility: Over and above the open space stated above,
area shall be left for community facilities such as education, health,
recreation and other utilities. This will be in proportionate to the size
of the population to be accommodated ultimately and be provided as
per the rate prescribed in Table 16.
Table 16: Community facilities for Plotted Development and Group Housing
Sl.
No.
1.
2.
3.
Facilities Required
Main type
Education
Facilities
Health
Facilities
Commercial
Facilities
including
shopping
facilities
Scale of Provision
Area required and Remarks
Sub-type
Nursery School
(+3 to 5 age group)
4 for 15,000
population
Primary School
(+5 to 12 age group)
4 for 15,000
population
High School
(+12 to 16 age
group)
1 for 15,000
population
Degree College
1 for 75,000 to
1,00,000
Health Centre
1 for 15,000
population
1 for 75,000
population
Shops
Convenient
Shopping Centre
Local Shopping
Centre
Zonal Shopping
Centre
1 for every 250 to

500
1 for every and
subsequent 500
up to 3,500
Up to 10 shops for
5,000
Up to 20 shops for
15,000
Up to 80 to 100
shops for 50,000
0.5 acre for density up to 100 population/acre

0.35 acre for density up to 101 to 200 population/acre
0.25 acre for density of 201 population/acre and above
10 to 15 acres
1.5 acres
10.0 acres for 200 beds with ancillaries and staff
quarters
20 square meter per 250
40 square meter per 500
0.2 to 0.5 acres
1.75 acres
11 acres
Continued
357
Appendix I
Facilities Required
Sl.
No.
Main type
Communication
facilities
and
essential
service
4.
Social and
Cultural
facilities
5.
Scale of Provision
Area required and Remarks
Sub-type
Sub Post Office
1 for every 10,000
10 square metres
Post and Telegraph

Office cum Delivery
and Booking
including Telephone
Exchange of 10,000
lines
1 for every 10,000
2.5 acres
Electric Sub-station
1 in all shopping
centre
Police station with

Staff Quarters
Police Post with
Staff Quarters
12 meter X 12 meter
1 for every 50,000
2.0 acres
1 for every 20,000
1.0 acre
Fire Station
1 for every 5
kilometers radial
distance
2.0 acres
Religious building
1 for every 15,000
2 acres location at intersection of road and 60 meters

away from 6 junctions
Community hall and

Library
1 for every 15,000
0.75 acre
Cinemas
1 for every 25,000
0.8 acre with parking location in zonal shopping

centres, business and commercial area not in
residential zone.
88. Size of the plot and road width

(1) No sub divided plot will be less than 50sq.m. However the Authority
reserves the right to relax in special cases such as EWS housing.
The size of the plot shall be according to the relevant Subdivision of
plot size in the zones.
Table 17: Minimum road widths for Residential sub-division
SI. No.
Length of road in (m)
Up to 250
Min. width of road
9.0
Above 250 up to 500
12.0
Above 500 up to 1000
15.0
Above 1000
18.0
N.B. -For EWS housing scheme, the minimum road width may be
relaxed.
(2) At least 20% of the plots will be earmarked for of EWS/LIG category.
The cost and method of allotment of such plots will be decided by
the Authority.
(3) The developer has the option of developing the EWS/LIG plots at
the same site or within a distance of two kilometers from the main
project.
358
Appendix I
89.
Area for development
Apart from the provision for amenities, open spaces, the area for
residential development shall be up to maximum of 50% of the total land
area.
90. Parks and open spaces

Parks and open spaces shall not be less than 10% of the total land area.
This shall be relinquished to the Authority and if required, the Authority
may handover area over for maintenance to the residents' welfare
association or owner or developer. If the site is not utilized for which it is
leased out within a prescribed period, it will be resumed back to the
Authority.
91.
Civic amenities
Civic amenities space shall not be less than 5% of the total area. The site
shall be relinquished to Authority and leased to the residents' welfare
association or the developer on payment of necessary nominal fees as
prescribed by the Authority from time to time. If the site is not utilized for
which it is leased out within a prescribed period, it will be resumed back
to the Authority.
92. Exemptions
(1) In case of developable area for residential development is less than
50% by providing for Master Plan roads or any other road or due to
statutory reasons, prescribed by the Authority in a layout, the
applicant may be exempted from complying with Civic amenities
reservation.
(2) For layout over 10.0 ha, commercial land uses such as Business
offices, shopping complexes and Retail up to 2-3% may be
permitted, subject to provision of separate access.
(3) For residential development up to 0.30 hectare of land, the
requirement of open space may not be insisted on.
93. Security deposit for Subdivision plan

(1) The applicant shall deposit a refundable non-earning security
deposit at the rate of Rs.100/- per Sq. m. of plot area for
development of land for a plotted development scheme.
(2) The security deposits shall be refunded within 60 days from the date
on which completion certificate is produced. If the development is
359
Appendix I
not as per approved plan, this deposit shall be forfeited and the
amount will be transferred to the local authority for development of
the site.
(3) The security deposit will be refunded with 2% interest if the
development is carried out as per the approved plan / lay out.
(4) The applicant
may deposit the security fee in the form of Bank
Guarantee.
Compounding
This refers to the Regulations No. 1163 of Part IX of the CUTTACK
94. Restriction on Compounding
(1) Any deviation pertaining to unauthorized development shall not
be compounded, A. where construction has been undertaken on Government land or
land belonging to local body or land not owned by the person
undertaking such development;
B. where development has been undertaken unauthorized within the
prohibited limits of any ancient or archaeological monuments;
C. where development has been undertaken unauthorized over the
area earmarked /approved for parking; reducing the minimum
area of parking requirement;
D. where road or drain whether public or private, whether
constructed or natural has been encroached.
(2) Subject to the provisions contained in sub regulation (1), the
Authority shall have the power to determine such
other
circumstances under which compounding may be prohibited.

(3) The Authority may, either before or after the institution of the
proceedings under the provisions of the Act compound any offenceA. where development has been undertaken without permission, but
within the framework of use restrictions and the provisions of
these regulations applicable to the concerned plot;
B. where development has been undertaken in deviation of the
approved plan, but within the framework of the use restriction and
the provisions, norms, and stipulations of these regulations;
C. the Authority may however compound deviations up to 25%
(twenty five per cent) beyond the permissible norms of these
regulations in respect of front, rear and side setbacks and
360
Appendix I
coverage. The maximum deviation allowed to be compounded
in FAR will be ten per cent on the permissible FAR, provided it
does not exceed 3.00.
95. Power of Govt. to exempt

a. Not withstanding contained in this Regulation, the government may
however relax any of the provisions of these regulation with an
objective to deal with the constructions under taken prior to
enforcement of these Regulation and not in conformity with the
provisions of these regulations.
b. For the purpose of making any such relaxation under clause (1)
above the Government may formulate a scheme specifying a
maximum time period of four months and publish the same in the
Gazette and as referred to in Regulation-14.
Note: The above two clauses shall seize to have its effect after six
months from the date of publication of this Regulation.
96. Compounding Rates

Compounding Rates for various categories shall be as follows:
Table 18: Category wise Compounding Rates
Sl.
No
.
Situations
Where development has been undertaken

without permission, but within the frame work
of use restrictions and the provisions of the
Regulations applicable to concerned plot.
Where development has been undertaken in
deviation to the approved plan, but within the
framework of use, restrictions and the
provisions of norms and
stipulations of these regulations.
Construction up to 10% beyond the
permissible norms of these Regulations with
respect to front, side and rear setback
and/or the deviation in FAR are within five
percent.
Construction up to 20% beyond the
permissible norms of these Regulations with
respect to front, side and rear setback
and/or the deviation in FAR is more than five
per cent or but within ten percent, provided it
does not exceed 3.00.
Compounding fee for

Sq.Mt. (in Rs.)
Residential/In
Others
stitutional
250
400
100
250
500
1000
1000
2000
Note: the above rate shall be revised by the Authority from time to time
with the prior approval of the Government.
361
Appendix I
97. Compounding amount
At least 50% of the compounding fee collected shall be utilized for slum
rehabilitation and development, development of public utility services and
protection of heritage sites and structures.
98.
Temporary retention
The Authority may allow retention of any unauthorized structure for

temporary period on deposit of retention fee. The Authority shall decide
the type of structure to be retained, the period of retention and the fees to
be deposited from time to time.
Savings / Repeals and Interpretation

This refers to the Regulations No. 1163 of Part X of the CUTTACK
99. Repeal and Savings
(1) The Cuttack Development Authority (Planning and Building

Standards) Regulations 2001 are hereby repealed.
(2) Notwithstanding such repeal, anything done or any action taken under
the regulations so repealed shall be deemed to have been done or taken
under these regulations.
100. Educating the people
a. The Authority shall take a pro-active role in educating the land
owners within their jurisdiction so that (a) there will be a planned
growth within development area and (b) expensive demolition will be
avoided.
b. A copy of these Regulations shall be printed by the Authority and
sold to public in the sales counter of the Authority.
101. Interim Development Plans
(1) The Authority may prepare Interim Development Plans (IDP) for
newly included development areas including stitiban/ryoti land within
a reasonable time frame so that development may not be held up in
the name of pendency of Interim Development Plan. Where such IDP
has not been prepared, the general provisions of this Regulation
shall apply without any zonal restrictions.
(2) The Authority shall ensure that resources for land acquisition and
cost of land are mobilized or are likely to be mobilized within the time
362
Appendix I
frame projected for implementation of such Interim Development
Plans.
102. Provision of development plan to prevail

In case any of the provisions of these regulations are at variance with
those contained in any Development Plan or Town Planning Scheme, the
provisions of such plan or scheme shall prevail.
103. Applicability of National Building Code

Where no express provision has been made in respect of any matter
connected with planning and building standards by the Act, the Rules, the
Development plan, the Town Planning Schemes, or these Regulations or
by any resolution of the Authority, the provisions of the National Building
Code of India, 2005 shall mutatis mutandis be applicable.
104. Schedules and annexure
(1) As regards qualification, experience and competence of technical
personnel and Builders the references of which are given in
annexure-I of Cuttack Development Authority (Planning & Building
Standards) Draft Regulations 2010, may be followed.
(2) The extract of ODA Act 1982, ODA rules 1983 and relevant
provisions of National Building Code, which are provided in
annexure-II of Cuttack Development Authority (Planning & Building
Standards) Draft Regulations 2010, may be referred to.
(3) The application for permission under sub Section-1 of Section 16,
order granting permission under sub-section (3) of Section 16,
drawing attention of the Vice-Chairman under sub-section (7) of
Section 16, maintenance of registers under sub-section (4) of Section
16 and (12) of the Act, notice for commencement of work, completion
certificate, certificate for execution of work, certificate for structural
stability, periodical progress report, of the Act, occupancy certificate
Indemnity bond for basement, intimation regarding approval of
residential building plan are provided in form I to XII of these
regulations.
105. Constitution of B.P Committee
a. The Authority may constitute a Committee under section-6 of ODA
Act to be called Building Permission Committee with members from
different Government organizations and departments.
363
Appendix I
b. The Authority may by notification delegate such of its powers relating
to approval of schemes, projects and building plans to the Committee
constituted under Sub-Regulation (1) as it may deem appropriate.
c.
Matters and cases relating to permission under section 16 of the

ODA Act and such others which are deemed fit may be referred to
the Committee from time to time for advice & recommendations.
d. In order to facilitate clearance from different bodies / departments of

State Government with the concept of single window clearance
approach and thereby final approval by the Authority within stipulated
time frame, the Authority shall constitute a Building Approval
Committee consisting of representatives of the organizations / bodies
from whom clearance for development / building permit clearance is
required for approval of plans coming up in Special Economic Zones,
Group Housing, Multistoried buildings & other Special Buildings.
106. Validity of permission and re-validation

a. As per Section 20 of the act, every permission granted shall remain
valid up to three years. If within the validity period the work is not
completed and completion certificate as prescribed under Section 20
of the Act, is not received, the owner shall have to apply for
revalidation of the permission in Form-XIV along with copies of the
previously approved plan and approval letter and the details of the
construction already undertaken and such other information as may
be required and pay all the fees and charges as prescribed in the
Act.
b. Every revalidation permission granted in Form XV shall be valid for a
period of three years from the date of revalidation.
107. Decision of the Government to be Final
In case of any dispute in interpretation of these regulations, the decision
of the State Government shall be final.
108. Relaxation by the Government
The Authority may recommend to the Government for relaxation/
modification of any of the clauses of these Regulations in the general
interest of the public pertaining to projects/schemes developed by the
Government agencies and the decision of the Government in this regard
shall be final.
364
Appendix II
APPENDIX-II
Zone
No.
Location
Villages within the Zone
01
Nirgundi
Agarjodi, Alana, Alarpur, Athabatia, Banika, Barachancho, Barakesarpur, Bharandi,

Bilteruan, Charbatia, Deulchua, Garudagan, Harianta, Hatsisua, Jajabhairabi, Kujibar,
Manguli, Nakhara, Narapara, Nelia, Nimapara, Nirgundi, Padhania, Palasa, Sainto,
Sanachancho, Sanakesarpur, Sardola, Tarato.
02
Charbatia
Agarpara, Agrahat, Bandala, Banipada (part), Bhabadeipur (part), Choudwar (part),

Chhatisa, Chatissa No. 2 (part), Gopalpur (part), Jajabhairabi, Kalyansinhpur (part),
Kapaleswar (part), Kedareswar, Mangalpur, Mundamal, Nuagan (part), Soshapatana.
03
Chatissa
04
Choudwar
Banipada, Chashapara, Choudwar (part), Chatissa No.2 (part), Daulatabad,

Gobindjiupatana, Godipatana, Gpoalpur (part), Haranathpur, Indranipatana Aliash
Gaukhana (part), Jenipurnarasinpur, Kalyansinhpur (part), Kapaleswar (part), Mahanadi
(Part), Sultanpur
05
Nimapur
Andeisahi, Gopinathpur, Gunjarpur, Imamnagar, Khaera, Nimapur, Tarol
06
Bidanasi
Arilo (part), Baimundinagar, Bentakarpara (part), Bidansi, Bidyadharpur (part),

Brajabiharipur, Chandinichouk, Deulasahi North, Deulasahi South, Krushnachandrapur
(part), Mahanadi (part), Mundamuhan (part), Nayasarak, Ramagarh, Subarnapur (part),
Tangarhuda (part), Tulasipur North, Tulasipur South, Udayanagar (part)
07
Old Cuttack
Badambadi, Barabatikila, Bisinabar, Buxibazar, Cantonment, Choudhuribazar, College

Square, Dolamundei, Jhanjirimangala, Jobra, Kathagarasahi, Machhuabazar,
Madhupatana, Mahanadi, Mahanadi No.2, Mangalabag, Mirkamalpatna, Nayasarak,
Oriabazar, Rajabagicha, Ranihat, Samant sahi, Sutahat
08
Shikharpur
Andarpur, Arunadayanagar, Bagulapada, Banabidyadharpur, Bhadimul, Bidyadharpur,

Chauliaganj, Dianrajahansa, Gandarpur, Gateirautpatana, Gunadol, Kanhaipur, Kantilo,
Matagajapur, Nuapara, Paisa, Poparada, Sartol, Shilpapuri, Sikharpur
09
Mundali
Chakradharpur, Chandiprasad, Govindpur, Mundali, Narajmarathapur, Nuagan, Ramdaspur,

Ratagarhlenkasahi, Talagar
10
Barang
Arilo (part), Bachhapur, Belagachhia, Bentakarpara (part), Bidyadharpur (part),

Brahmangan, Brajabiharipur (part), Dadhapatna, Krushnachandrapur, Kunheipara,
Madhubana, Madhupur, Madhusudanpur, Mundamuhan (part), Naranpur, Padmalavanagar,
Panchupal, Patapur, Phakirpara, Pratapnagari (part), Sribantapur, Subarnapur (part),
Tangarhuda (part)
11
Gopalpur
Arakhkud Aliash Telengapenth, Bandhachhara Aliash Kacharamal, Bhanpur, Gopalpur,

Nuahat, Pratapnagari (part), Srikoruan, Subhadrapur, Uttamapur
Bhabadeipur (part), Chatissa No.1, Gopalpur,

Indranipatana Aliash Gaukhana (part), Jhatia, Kayalapara, Mahanadi (part), Nuagan (part),
Similihand, Udaynagar (part)
365
Appendix III
Sl.
No.
Name of the Heritage

structure/precinct
ID
Category
Location
Ownership
Status
Year of
construction
Grade
State of
Preservation
Significance
Good
Historical
Good
Historical and
Architectural , one of
the Astha Sambhu
temples
Image
Zone 2 & 4: Charbatia and Choudwar
1.
Choudwar Fort
2.
Budhalinga/
Kedareswar Temple
ASI-02
OSA-02
Civic
Religious
Kedareswar
ASI
Protected
Monument
Kedareswar
Orissa State
Archeology
Protected
Monument
Good
Historical and
Architectural , one
of the Astha
Sambhu temples
OSA-03
Religious
Agrahat
Orissa Government
Protected
Monument
Maninageswar Temple
UL-01
Religious
Agrahat
Local People
Living Temple
1300
II
Fair ,
undergone
modification
Cultural, one of the

Astha Sambhu
temples
5.
Baideswar Temple
UL-02
Religious
Agarjodi
Local People
Living Temple
1200
II
Good
Cultural, one of the

Astha Sambhu
temples
6.
Choudwar Jail
UL-03
Civic
Kedareswar
Orissa Government
Central Jail
Social
Gandhi Chhak
Choudwar
Municipality
Town Hall
II
Good
Social, Architectural
3.
Uttareswar Temple
4.
7.
Town Hall, Choudwar
UL-04
Civic
366
366
Appendix III
8.
Jhoteswar Temple
UL-05
Religious
Mundamal
Local People
Cultural , one of the

Astha Sambhu
temples
9.
Kapaleswar Temple
UL-06
Religous
Kapaleswar
Private
Living Temple
1200
II
Good,
undergone
modification

Astha Shambhu
temples
10.
Chatteswar Temple
UL-07
Religious
Choudwar
Local People
Living Temple
1300
II
Good, un sympathetic
extension

Astha Shambhu
temples
11.
Gupteswar Temple
UL-08
Religious
Kapaleswar
Private
Living Temple
1600
II
Fair,
undergone
modification

Astha Shambhu
temples
12.
Yagneswari Temple
UL-09
Religious
Banipada
Village Committee
Living Temple
II
Good
Cultural
13.
Dhabaleswar Temple
UL-10
Religious
Brajabiharipur
II
Good
Cultural
1200
Excellent
Historical , Cultural
and Architectural
Living Temple
Zone 7: Barabati Fort, Old Cuttack
14.
Barabati Fort
ASI-01
Civic
Barabati Quila
ASI
367
367
Appendix III
15.
Quilasahi Mosque
OSA-01
Religious
Barabati Fort
Complex
Waqf Board
Living Mosque
1800
II
Fair
Historical and
Cultural
16.
Gada Chandi Temple
UL-11
Religious
Barabati Fort
Complex
Living Temple
Fair
Historical, Cultural
17.
Bungalow
UL-12
Civic
Barabati Fort
Complex
Orissa Government
( earlier residence of
Chief Justice)
Residential
1905
II
Good
Historical,
recommended for
Adaptive Reuse
18.
Gadagadia Temple
UL-13
Religious
Barabati Quila
Living Temple
II
Fair
Cultural
19.
Cemetery
UL-14
Civic
Gora Kabar (River

Mahanadi)
Orissa Government
Burial Ground for

Christian
Community
1900
II
Good
Historical and Social
20.
Moat (Gada Khai)
UL-15
Streetscape
Barabati Fort
Complex
Orissa Government
Public Visiting
Place
1600
In serious
condition
Historical and
Natural
1900
III
Fair
Historical
Zone 7: Cantonment, Old Cuttack
21.
Office of the
Superintendent
Engineer, Irrigation
UL-16
Civic
Cantonment
Orissa Government
Official
368
368
Appendix III
22.
Colonial Bungalow
UL-18
Civic
Cantonment
Orissa Governmen
(official residence of
BM Mahapatra)
Residential
II
Fair
Architecture &
Townscape
23.
Colonial Bungalow
(Kindergarden School)
UL-19
Civic
Cantonment
Orissa Government
Institutional
II
Good
Architecture &
Townscape
24.
Colonial Bungalow
(CB-16)
UL-20
Civic
Cantonment
Orissa Government
Residential
II
Good
Architecture &
Townscape
25.
Ratha Kothi (Smith

Bungalow)
UL-21
Civic
Near Barabati Fort
Residential
1800
II
Fair,
undergone
internal
modification
Historical &
Architectural
26.
Colonial Bungalow
(Collectors Quarter)
UL-22
Civic
Near Barabati Fort
Residential
1900
II
Good
Historical,
Architectural &
Townscape
III
Fair (largely
new
construction,
only a small
original
portion
retained)
Historical Precinct,
Socio-cultural
27.
St. Josephs Girls High

School
UL-23
Civic
Barabati Quila
Institutional
369
369
Appendix III
28.
Holy Rosary Cathedral
UL-24
Religious
Barabati Quila
Institutional/Trustee
Living Church
III
Old structure
demolished,
new
construction
29.
Cambridge School
UL-25
Civic
Cantonment
Institutional
III
Old structure
demolished,
new
construction
Socio-cultural
30.
Mount House Church

of God
UL-26
Religious
Barabati Quila
Living Church
II
Good
Historical, Sociocultural,
Architectural
31.
Kanika Raja Palace
UL-27
Civic
Tulasipur South
Private
Residential
1900
II
Poor
Architecture &
Townscape
32.
Cuttack Chandi
Temple
UL-28
Religious
Chandinichouk
Fair
Cultural
33.
Building of Late
Madhusudan Das
UL-29
Civic
Near Chandi Mandir
Government of
Orissa
Sailabala
Womens College
1915
II
Good
Historical,
Architectural
Socio-cultural
370
370
Appendix III
34.
The Cedars
UL-30
Religious
Sutahat
35.
Chirst Collegiate
School
UL-31
Civic
Sutahat
Government of
Orissa
Institution
1900
II
Good
Socio-cultural,
Architectural,
Townscape
36.
Diocesan Guest House
UL-32
Civic
Sutahat
Meeting Place &

Guest House
III
Fair
Socio-cultural,
Townscape
37.
Buckley House
UL-33
Residential
Sutahat
Private
Residential
1902
III
Good
Social
38.
Diocess of Cuttack,
Church of North India
UL-34
Religious
Oriya Bazaar
Institutional
III
Fair
Socio-cultural
39.
Baptist Church
UL-35
Religious
Oriya Bazaar
Religious
II
Good
Socio-cultural,
Architectural
40.
United Theological
School
UL-36
Civic
Cantonment
Institutional
III
Fair
Socio-cultural
371
371
Appendix III
41.
Utkal Prantiya Rastra

Bhasa Prachara Sava
UL-37
Civic
Cantonment
Government of
Orissa
Institutional
II
Good
Socio-cultural,
Architectural
42.
Palace of Madhupur
King
UL-38
Civic
Near Stewart
College
Government of
Orissa
Old Office of AIR
III
Deteriorating
Historical
43.
Samaj Office
UL-39
Civic
Cantonment
Newspapaer
Office & Archieve
II
Good
Socio-cultural,
Historical
Association
44.
Amareswar Temple
UL-40
Religious
Buxi Bazaar
Government of
Orissa
Living Temple
1900
III
Good
Socio-cultural
45.
Old Secretariat
UL-17
Civic
Cantonment
Government of
Orissa
Recriutment
Office
III
Deteriorating
Historical
Historical,
Architectural
Zone 7: Other Areas, Old Cuttack
Workshop of
Irrigation and
Power
Department;
Proposed
Maritime Museum
1866
II
Work in
progress for
adaptive
reuse as
maritime
museum
46.
Jobra Workshop
OSA-04
Civic
Jobra
Government of
Orissa- Irrigation
Department
47.
Netaji Seva Sadan
OSA-05
Civic
Oriya Bazaar
Government of
Orissa
48.
Mahadeva Temple
OSA-06
Religious
Nayasarak
Private
Living Temple
1800
III
Good
Cultural
372
372
Appendix III
OSA-07
Civic
Choudhary Bazaar
Private
Social Project
Office &
Residence
III
Regimental Mosque
UL-41
Religious
Cantonment
Government of
Orissa- Waqf board
Living Mosque
51.
Chinese Restaurant
UL-42
Civic
Buxi Bazaar
Private
Restaurant
52.
Raj Lodge
UL-43
Civic
Oriya Bazaar
Private
53.
Pyarimohan Academy
UL-44
Civic
Oriya Bazaar
54.
Gangeswar Temple
UL-45
Religious
55.
Ravenshaw Girls High

School
UL-46
56.
Kadam Rasul Mosque
57.
Good
Historical,
Townscape
III
Good
Social
1905
III
Deteriorating
Socio-cultural,
Architectural
Guest House
1900
III
Deteriorating
Architectural
Government of
Orissa- Education
Department
School building
1875
III
Good
Historical,
Architectural
Oriya Bazaar
Private
Living Temple
1400
II
Good
Social
Civic
Gourishankar Park
Government of
Orissa- Education
Department
School building
1873
III
Good
Social
UL-48
Religious
Jail Road
Government of
Orissa- Waqf board
Living Mosque
1756
II
Good
Social
Sultania Mosque
UL-49
Religious
Kathagada Sahi
Government of
Orissa- Waqf board
Living Mosque
1857
III
Good
Social
58.
Richaram Dharamsala
UL-50
Civic
Kathagada Sahi
Private
Rest House for

Pilgrims and
Tourists
1930
III
Good
Social
59.
Gopalji Temple
UL-51
Religious
Choudhary Bazaar
Private
Living Temple
1900
III
Good
Social
60.
Digambara Jain
Temple
UL-55
Religious
Choudhary Bazaar
Private
Living Temple
1800
III
Good
Social
49.
Swaraj Office
50.
373
373
Appendix III
61.
Shaheed Bhawan
UL-56
Civic
Choudhary Bazaar
Government of
Orissa
For Public
meetings and
functions
III
Good
Socio-cultural,
Architectural
62.
Ujjelekhan Mosque
UL-57
Religious
Chandinichouk
Government of
Orissa- Waqf board
Living Mosque
1707
II
Good
Social
63.
Darpani Rani Palace
UL-58
Streetscape
Chandinichouk
Private
Residential
1800
II
Fair
Architectural
64.
Landa Deula
UL-67
Religious
Nayasarak
Government of
Orissa- Endowment
Commission
Living Temple
1800
II
Good
65.
Swaraj Ashram
UL-68
Civic
Nayasarak
II
Fair
Historical
Association
66.
Radhanath Training
Hostel
UL-69
Civic
Nayasarak
Government of
Orissa- Education
Department
Hostel
II
Good
Socio-cultural,
Townscape
67.
Jagannath Temple
UL-59
Religious
Choudhary Bazaar
Government of
Orissa- Endowment
Commission
Living Temple
1900
III
Good
Social
68.
Old Circuit House
UL-70
Civic
Howrah Motor
Chhak
Government of
Orissa
Guest House
1903
II
Good
Historical,
Architectural
374
374
Appendix III
69.
Cancer Research
Centre
UL-71
Civic
Infront of SCB
Hospital
Government of
Orissa- Health
Department
Research Centre
1900
II
Fair
Historical,
Architectural
70.
BOSE Engineering
School
UL-72
Civic
Jobra
Government of
Orissa
Engineering
School
1932
II
Good
Socio-cultural,
Historical
71.
Ravenshaw College
UL-75
Civic
College Square
Government of
Orissa
University
1888
Good
Socio-cultural,
Historical,
Architectural
Library
1958
II
Good
Socio-cultural,
Historical,
Architectural
72.
Padhihari Pathagara
UL-47
Civic
Gourishankar Park
Government of
Orissa- Information
& Public Relations
Department
73.
CMC Office
UL-52
Civic
Choudhary Bazaar
Government of
Orissa
Public
II
Fair
Historical,
Architectural
74.
Old Building
Residence (D Hansraj)
UL-73
Civic
College Square
Private
Residence cum
office
1920
III
Good
Architectural,
Townscape
75.
Cuttack Town Hall
UL-54
Civic
Choudhary Bazaar
Government of
Orissa
Public
II
Fair
76.
Shatabdi Bhawan
UL-53
Civic
Choudhary Bazaar
Government of
Orissa
Public
II
Fair
77.
Bombay Hotel
UL-74
Civic
College Square
Private
Hotel
III
Fair
Historical,
Architectural,
Townscape
Historical,
Architectural,
Townscape
Socio-cultural,
Historical,
Townscape
375
375
Appendix III
Zone 7: Judiciary Complex , Old Cuttack
78.
Old Building
(Residence of RP
Shastri)
79.
Sishu Bhawan
80.
Orissa High Court
81.
Civic
Chandinichouk
Private
Residence
III
Fair
Historical,
Architectural
Civic
Chandinichouk
Government of
Orissa- Health
Department
Infant Hospital
II
Fair
Historical
UL-62
Civic
Chandinichouk
Government of
Orissa
High Court
1900
Excellent
Historical,
Architectural
Judge Court
UL-63
Civic
Near High Court
Government of
Orissa
Court
-.
II
Good
Historical,
Architectural
82.
Board of Revenue
Office of the
Government of Orissa
UL-64
Civic
Near High Court
Government of
Orissa
Official
1900
III
Good
Socio-cultural,
Historical
83.
Collectorate Office
UL-65
Civic
Chandinichouk
Government of
Orissa
Official
Good
Historical,
Architectural
84.
Ravenshaw Collegiate
School
UL-66
Civic
Near High Court
Government of
Orissa- Education
Department
School
1900
II
Good
Historical,
Architectural, SocioCultural
UL-60
UL-61
376
376

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Contents

Broad Objective of the Comprehensive Development Plan

Planning Area at a Glance (2001 Census)

Planning Issues of CDPA

The Purpose of CDP

The Planning Process

Structure of the Report

Cuttack Development Plan Area- An Overview

Flora and Fauna

Nature of Development and Land form

Chronological growth of settlement

Traffic and Transportation

Culture, Recreation and Tourism

Heritage and Conservation

Land Use & Land Ownership

Existing Land use Distribution

Land use/ Land cover of BCUC

Land use/ Land cover of CMC

Land use/ Land cover of Choudwar Municipality

Land use/ Land cover of CDPA Rural

Land use/ Land cover of CDPA

Zone wise Land use Pattern

Zone wise Ownership Pattern

Source and Classification of Ownership

Description of Zone wise Ownership

Zone-wise Developable Government Land

Structure of the CDP

Concept of the CDPA

Salient features of the CDP

Heritage and Conservation

Demographic & Economic Perspective

The Population Perspective

Existing Sectoral Profile of Local Economy

5.3.1.1 Primary sector activities

Future Profile of Local Economy

5.3.2.1 Primary Sector Activities

Traffic & Transportation

Overview of Travel Characteristics

Department of Architecture and Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Vehicle Ownership Pattern

Regional Level and Local Level Linkages

6.3.3.1 Intersection Analysis

Transit and Terminal Facilities

Road Accident and Safety

Improvement of Transit Facilities

Augmentation of Road Network Capacity

Creation of Parking Facilities

Improvement of Passenger Terminal Facilities

Improvement of Freight Terminal Facilities

CDPA: Area and Population

Ground Checking of Existing Housing Conditions

Sahis in Old Cuttack

Existing Scenario and Trends

Distribution of Household by type of Dwelling Unit

Floor Area per Household/Person

Nature of Dwelling Units

Major Housing Providers

Housing Trends in CDPA

New Townships in the Pipeline