Jawapan

9 (a) Alat pemadam api jenis karbon dioksida, busa, dan

Bab 1
serbuk kering
1 (a) Baju makmal, pakaian, anggota badan, percikan Fire extinguisher with carbon dioxide, foam and dry
bahan kimia powder
Lab coat, clothing, body parts, splashing of chemicals (b) Selimut api/Fire blanket
(b) Kasut makmal, kaki, panas, berat, tajam (c) Baldi berisi pasir/Pail filled with sand
Lab shoes, feet, hot, heavy, sharp, slipping 10 (Pull) – Cabut,/(Aim) – Hala,/(Squeeze) – Tekan,/
(c) Topeng muka, sistem pernafasan, wasap berbahaya, (Sweep) – Sapu
habuk
Face mask, respiratory system, hazardous gases, dust Praktis Pentaksiran 1
(d) Sarung tangan, terkena tumpahan, bahan kimia
Gloves, splashes, chemicals Soalan Objektif
(e) Pencuci mata, membilas dan mencuci mata 1 B 2 C 3 C 4 A 5 C
Eye wash, rinse and wash eyes 6 A 7 C 8 D 9 A 10 D
(f) Semburan kecemasan, membersih, bahan kimia
Safety shower, clean up, spill of chemicals Soalan Subjektif
(g) Kebuk wasap, bahan kimia yang berbahaya 1 (a) Baju makmal/Lab coat
Fume chamber, toxic chemicals (b) 1 Tidak memakai topeng muka.
(h) Kabinet keselamatan biologi, kultur bakteria Did not wear face mask.
Biological safety cabinet, bacterial culture 2 Menghalakan mulut tabung uji ke arah muka
(i) Hud aliran lamina, kerja penyediaan kawan./Turning the mouth of the test tube
Laminar flow, preparation towards a friend.
2 (a) 5, 9 (c) Mungkin terhidu gas berbahaya/May breathe in
(b) Cecair, rendah/liquids, low poisonous gas.
(c) minyak/oil 2 (a) Bahan sisa pepejal/Solid waste
3 Arsenik, kromium, plumbum, merkuri (b) 1 Bahan yang mempunyai nilai pH antara 5
Arsenic, chromium, lead, mercury hingga 9
4 (a) 5 Substances with a pH value between 5 and 9
(b) 9 2 Cecair atau larutan berkepekatan rendah dan
(c) Bahan kimia/Chemicals tidak berbahaya
(d) organik/organic Liquid or solution with low concentration and
(e) radioaktif/radioactive harmless
5 (a) masih hidup, habitatnya/still alive, its habitat 3 Bahan yang tidak mengandungi gris atau
(b) ditanam/buried minyak
(c) disteril/sterilised Substance which does not contain grease or oil
6 (a) guru/teacher 3 (a) Spesimen masih hidup hendaklah dikembalikan
(b) kawasan larangan/prohibited area semula ke habitatnya./Specimens (animal) which are
(c) serbuk sulfur, besi atau zink alive should be returned to its habitat.
sulphur, iron or zinc powder (b) Spesimen yang telah dibedah hendaklah
(d) Bomba dan Penyelamat/Fire and Rescue dikumpulkan dan ditanam./Specimen which has
7 (a) terjejas/impaired been operated must be collected and buried.
(b) pertuturan dan pendengaran/speech and hearing (c) Sisa harus disteril ataupun dinyahkuman dengan
(c) lemah/weak menggunakan autoklaf./The waste must be sterile to
8 (a) (i) kayu, kertas, kain, getah, plastik dan bahan kill the microrganism using autoclave.
mudah terbakar/wood, paper, cloth, rubber, 4 (a) Maklumkan kepada guru atau pembantu makmal
plastic and flammable materials dengan segera.
(ii) • karbon dioksida, busa dan serbuk kering Inform teachers or lab assistant immediately.
carbon dioxide, foam and powder (b) Jadikan kawasan tumpahan sebagai kawasan
• Selimut api, pasir dan air larangan.
Fire blanket, sand and water Make the spill area into a prohibited area.
(b) (i) cecair yang mudah terbakar/flammable liquids (c) Tabur serbuk sulfur, besi atau zink di atas
(ii) karbon dioksida, busa dan serbuk kering tumpahan merkuri./Spread sulphur, iron or zinc
carbon dioxide, foam and dry powder powder to cover the mercury.
(c) (i) gas dan elektrik/gas and electricity (d) Hubungi Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat.
(ii) karbon dioksida dan serbuk kering Contact the Fire and Rescue Department.
carbon dioxide and dry powder 5 Alat pemadam api jenis karbon dioksida, busa dan
(d) (i) logam yang mudah terbakar serbuk kering, selimut api dan baldi berisi pasir.
Combustible metal Fire extinguisher with carbon dioxide, foam and dry
(ii) karbon dioksida dan serbuk kering powder, fire blanket and pail filled with sand.
carbon dioxide and dry powder
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 6 Kebakaran berlaku dalam makmal disebabkan oleh membuka saluran pernafasan dan memastikan
kecuaian, bahan kimia, letupan dan elektrik. ianya tidak tersumbat./Check the airway for signs of
Fires in the laboratory are caused by negligence, chemicals, breathing. Tilt the head back and lift the chin. This
explosion and electricity. step is aimed to ensure that the airway is always
7 Punca oksigen, haba dan bahan api opened and not blocked.
Oxygen source, heat and fuel (b) 4 minit/4 minutes
4 (a) Tekan pada bahagian dada
Bab 2 Applying pressure at the chest area
(b) Lengan sepatutnya lurus dengan jari dalam keadaan
1 serangan jantung, kerosakan otak interlok.
heart attacks, brain damage Arms should be straight with the fingers interlocked.
2 (a) rangsangan/stimulus (c) Tekan sedalam 1½ – 2 inci sebanyak 30 kali pada
(b) bernafas/breathing kadar 80 – 100 kali seminit.
(c) degupan jantung atau nadi/heartbeat or pulse Press into 1½ to 2 inches for 30 times at a rate of
3 (a) jantung/attacks 80 – 100 compressions per minute.
(b) lemas/drowns (d) Supaya kecederaan pada sangkar rusuk mangsa
(c) elektrik/electrocuted dapat dielakkan./To avoid injury to the ribcage.
(d) panahan petir/struck by lightning (e) Tekan pada bahagian atas perut berdekatan dengan
4 (a) aliran darah/blood flow bahagian dada./Press on the top part of the stomach
(b) udara/air with compressing technique in the middle of the chest.
(c) kerosakan otak/brain damage
5 1 Periksa tindak balas/Check response Bab 3
2 Periksa saluran pernafasan/Check on the airway and
breathing 1 (a) Termometer klinik, badan
3 Berikan mampatan dada/Give chest compressions clinical thermometer, body
4 Berikan hembusan nafas/Blow into the mouth (b) Termometer makmal, larutan
6 tercekik, bernafas/choking, breathe laboratory thermometer, solution
7 (a) leher/neck (c) Termometer rektal, rektal, 3, tepat
(b) bercakap/speak rectal thermometer, rectum, 3, accurate
(c) Muka/face (d) Termometer inframerah, bersentuhan
(d) bernafas/breathing infrared thermometer, touching
8 (a) belakang/behind 2 (a) vaselin, anus/vaseline, anus
(b) pusat, bahagian atas perut/ the naval, the upper part (b) 5 minit/5 minutes
of the stomach (c) air sabun, alkohol, bakteria
(c) dalam, atas/inward, upward soapy water, alcohol, bacteria
9 (a) perhatian/the attention 3 (a) normal, 36.9
(b) hujung penyandar kerusi, objek terkeluar (b) Jangkitan penyakit/Infection
back of chairs, object out (c) panas/heat
10 (a) perut, belakang bayi, tumit tangan (d) yang melampau/vigorous
stomach, infant’s back, heel of the hand (e) sejuk yang melampau/extreme cold
4 (a) denyutan arteri/artery’s pulsation
(b) (i) Leher/Neck
Praktis Pentaksiran 2
(ii) Pangkal paha/Groin
(iii) Belakang lutut/Back of knees
Soalan Objektif
(iv) Pelipis – bahagian muka yang terletak antara
1 C 2 A 3 A 4 D 5 B
dahi dan telinga/Temple
Soalan Subjektif (v) Bahagian atas atau bahagian dalam kaki
1 (a) Apabila seseorang kena serangan jantung Top or inner side of the foot
When a person is liable to heart attacks (vi) Pergelangan tangan/Wrist
(b) Lemas ketika berenang/Drowned while swimming
(c) Seseorang terkena renjatan elektrik Aktiviti 3.1
When someone got electrocuted
(d) Seseorang terkena panahan petir Perbincangan/Discussion
When someone is struck by lightning (a) (i) Kadar denyutan selepas aktiviti/The pulse rate
2 • Mengekalkan aliran darah ke seluruh anggota after activities
badan./Maintain blood flow to the entire body (ii) Kadar nadi selepas aktiviti lebih tinggi
• Mengekalkan aliran udara masuk dan keluar dari berbanding kadar nadi rehat kerana jantung
paru-paru./Maintain air flowing in and out of the mengepam darah ke seluruh badan dengan
lungs lebih kerap dan cepat./The pulse rate after
• Untuk mencegah kerosakan otak sebelum activities is higher compared to the resting pulse
menerima bantuan perubatan. rate because the heart has to pump blood to the
To prevent brain damage before receiving medical aid entire body more rapidly and quickly
3 (a) Periksa pernafasan mangsa. Dagu diangkat dan (b) Kebiasaannya lelaki mempunyai kadar denyutan
kepala didongakkan. Langkah ini bertujuan untuk yang lebih tinggi berbanding dengan perempuan.

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 Normally, males will have a higher pulse rate (d) Suhu badan manusia dalam julat 35°C hingga 42°C
compared to females. sahaja, maka tidak memerlukan skala berjulat besar.
(c) Bayi mempunyai kadar denyutan nadi yang lebih The human body temperature only ranges from 35°C
tinggi berbanding orang dewasa kerana bayi lebih to 42°C, so it does not require a larger range scale.
aktif dan memerlukan lebih banyak oksigen. (e) Minyak bukan konduktor haba yang baik
Babies will have a higher pulse rate compared to berbanding merkuri, maka pengukuran perubahan
adults because they are more active and need more suhu adalah tidak tepat./Oil is not a good heat
oxygen. conductor compared to mercury, thus the change in
(d) Atlet mempunyai kadar denyutan nadi yang lebih temperature cannot be measured accurately.
rendah disebabkan kerana mereka mempunyai otot Jisim badan /Body mass (kg)
2 (a) Formula BMI = 2
kardiak yang lebih kuat. Ketinggian2 /Height (m2 )
Athletes have lower pulse rate compared to a normal
(b) kg/m²
person because they have stronger cardiac muscles.
(e) Individu yang tidak sihat mempunyai kadar 65
(c) (i) =
denyutan nadi yang lebih rendah atau lebih tinggi 1.45 × 1.45
berbanding individu yang sihat. = 30.92 kg /m2
A sick person may have a higher or lower pulse rate
67
compared to a normal healthy person. (ii) =
1.71 × 1.71
5 (a) sfigmomanometer/sphygmomanometer
(b) sistolik, diastolik/systolic, diastolic = 22.91 kg /m2
(c) Sistolik/Systolic 70
(d) Diastolik/Diastolic ( iii) =
1.67 × 1.67
(e) naik, jatuh, diastolik/raised, drops, diastolic
= 25.10 kg /m2
(f) 120/80
(g) mengecut, mengendur/contract, relax (d) (i) Obes/Obese
(i) 90, 60 (ii) Berat normal/Normal weight
(ii) 90 – 120 ( iii) Berat berlebihan/Overweight
(iii) 120 – 139, 80 – 89 (e) Muhammad bin Majid
(iv) 90 – 100 (f) Kencing manis/Diabetes mellitus
(v) 160, 100 (g) • Selalu melakukan senaman/Exercise regularly
6 (a) nutrisi/nutrition • Kurangkan berat badan dengan
(b) besi/ferrum mengurangkan pengambilan makanan
(c) fizikal/physical Reduce body weight by eating less food
7 Penyempitan arteri/Artery becomes narrow 3 (a) Sfigmomanometer/Sphygmomanometer
Penyakit buah pinggang/Kidney diseases (b) Tekanan darah tinggi/High blood pressure
Kencing manis/Diabetes mellitus (c) • Kerap melakukan senaman/Exercises regularly
8 (a) Berat normal/Normal weight • Tidur yang mencukupi/Get enough sleep
(b) Berat berlebihan/Overweight • Makan ubat sekiranya tekanan darah tinggi
(c) Obesiti kelas 1/Obesity class 1 Take medicine if blood pressure is high
(d) Obesiti kelas 2/Obesity class 2 (d) • Penyempitan arteri/Artery becomes narrow
9 obesiti, tekanan darah tinggi, kencing manis • Penyakit kardiovaskular/Cardiovascular
obese, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus diseases
• Penyakit buah pinggang/Kidney diseases
Praktis Pentaksiran 3 • Kencing manis/Diabetes mellitus

Soalan Objektif Bab 4

1 B 2 C 3 B 4 D 5 B
1 (a) pembangunan, aplikasi, alam sekitar, alam
6 D 7 C 8 C 9 A
semula jadi, negatif/development, application, the
Soalan Subjektif environment, nature, negative
1 (a) (i) makmal/Laboratory (b) (i) Mengurangkan degradasi kualiti persekitaran.
(ii) klinikal/Clinical Reduce environmental quality degradation.
(b) Termometer klinik/Clinical thermometer (ii) Teknologi mesra alam dapat mengurangkan
(c) (i) Termometer ini sesuai digunakan kerana pembebasan gas rumah hijau ke udara.
mempunyai pencerutan./The thermometer is Environmentally friendly technology can help
suitable because it has a rat. to reduce the release of greenhouse gases into
(ii) Pencerutan membolehkan merkuri tidak the air.
turun dengan cepat setelah dikeluarkan dari (iii) Menjimatkan tenaga dan sumber asli.
mulut dan memberi peluang untuk membaca Save energy and natural resources.
sukatan dengan tepat. (iv) Menggunakan sumber tenaga yang boleh
The rat allows mercury to drop slowly once diperbaharui serta selamat kepada alam
removed from the mouth and allow the reading sekitar./Using renewable energy resources
to be measured accurately. which are safe to the environment.

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 (c) (i)
Ekonomi/Economy (iii) Pembangunan kelestarian yang ekonomik
(ii)Sosial/Social Economical sustainable development
( iii) Alam sekitar/Environmental ( iv) Jimat wang/Save money
(iv)ekonomi, penggunaan teknologi
economy, technology application Praktis Pentaksiran 4
(v) kualiti hidup sejagat/overall quality of life
( vi) Meminimumkan, memulihara/Minimise, Soalan Objektif
conserve 1 B 2 C 3 B 4 C 5 B
(d) (i) Tenaga/Energy 6 C 7 C 8 B 9 C 10 B
(ii) Pengurusan sisa dan air sisa 11 C 12 C 13 C
Waste and wastewater management Soalan Subjektif
(iii) Pertanian dan perhutanan/Agriculture and 1 (a) (i) Pengangkutan/Transportation
forestry (ii) Pembakaran bahan api/Fuel burning
( iv) Bangunan/Buildings ( iii) Industri/Industries
(v) Teknologi maklumat dan komunikasi (iv) Pembuangan sisa dan air sisa/Waste and
Information technology and communication wastewater disposal
( vi) Industri pembuatan/Manufacturing industries (v) Penebangan hutan/Deforestation
( vii) Pengangkutan/Transport (b) (i) Kesan rumah hijau/Greenhouse effect
2 (a) pertumbuhan ekonomi, pembangunan lestari (ii) Peningkatan karbon dioksida/Increase in
economic growth, sustainable development carbon dioxide
(b) tenaga yang dapat diganti atau dihasilkan (iii) Peningkatan pencemaran udara/Increase in
energy that can be replaced or reproduced air pollution
(c) mengurangkan, kerja/less, workload (iv) Peningkatan suhu bumi/Increases temperature
(d) (i) Pemanasan global/Global warming of Earth
(ii) Perubahan iklim/Climate change (c) (i) Kemarau panjang/Prolonged drought
(iii) gas rumah hijau/greenhouse gases (ii) Banjir melampau/Extreme flood
( iv) Pencemaran alam/Environmental pollution (iii) Ribut dan taufan/Storm and typhoon
(v) Kecekapan tenaga/Energy efficiency (iv) Suhu yang terlalu panas dan sejuk
( vi) Kebergantungan/Dependence Extreme temperatures
3 (a) kecekapan penggunaan sumber, kesihatan awam (v) Kehilangan biodiversiti/Loss of biodiversity
efficient use of resources, public health (d) Teknologi hijau/Green technology
(b) lebihan, tidak diingini, rosak, pecah, lusuh 2 (a) Kulit pisang dibuang./Banana peel is thrown away.
excess, unwanted, damaged, broken, faded (b) Kulit pisang boleh diolah untuk dijadikan bioplastik
(c) Sisa khas, merbahaya, memudaratkan yang mesra alam.
Special waste, dangerous, harmful Banana skin can be treated to produce biodegradable
(d) Air sisa, digunakan/Waterwaste, used plastic which is environmentally friendly.
(e) pembuangan sisa/waste disposal (c) Sektor pengurusan sisa dan air sisa
(f) baja kompos/compost fertiliser Sector of waste and wastewater management
4 (a) pengurangan/reduction (d) Biojisim/Biomass
(b) Pengasingan, boleh kitar semula/Separating, (e) Batang pokok pisang boleh diproses dan dijadikan
recyclable tali atau kertas./The banana tree trunk can be
(c) Rawatan, baja/Treatment, fertiliser processed and turned into string or paper.
(d) pengurangan, guna semula, kitar semula 3 (a) Gas metana dihasilkan daripada bahan biojisim
reduction, reuse, recycle seperti sisa sayur-sayuran dan kulit buah-buahan,
5 (a) baja kompos, nutrien/compost fertiliser, nutrient maka ia merupakan sejenis tenaga boleh baharu.
(b) pengairan tanaman, menyiram Biojisim merupakan alternatif untuk menggantikan
Crop irrigation, watering bahan api fosil seperti petroleum.
(c) penanaman/cultivation Methane gas is produced from biomass waste
(d) pokok, pembalakan/trees, logging materials such as vegetables and fruit skin, thus, it is
6 (a) tenaga bio/bioenergy a type of renewable energy. Biomass is an alternative
(b) pengurangan, karbon dioksida, menanam for replacing fossil fuels such as petroleum.
reducing, carbon dioxide, planting (b) Bagi mengatasi masalah ini, penggunaan biogas
(c) nutrien, air hujan/nutrients, rainwater daripada sisa buangan makanan atau sisa buangan
7 (a) Pengangkutan hijau, mesra alam, kecekapan haiwan seperti najis lembu adalah dicadangkan.
penggunaan sumber/Green transportation, Contohnya sisa buangan najis lembu yang
environmentally friendly, efficient use of resources dihasilkan setiap hari boleh dikumpulkan di
(b) (ii) Basikal/Cycling dalam satu tangki yang disediakan di kawasan
(iii) Guna pengangkutan awam/Use public perkampungan bagi menghasilkan biogas yang
transport dapat disalurkan ke setiap rumah seperti mana
( iv) Kenderaan elektrik/Electrical vehicles yang dilakukan di negara India.
(v) Guna teksi mesra alam/Use environmental In order to overcome this problem, the use of biogas
friendly taxi from food waste or animal waste such as manure is
(c) (i) Persekitaran yang bersih/Clean environment proposed. For example, manure produced per day can
(ii) Kesihatan lebih terkawal/More healthy be collected at a tank in the village to produce biogas

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 which can be distributed to every home as what is (h) Dua kali/Twice
being done in India. (i) Empat/Four
4 (a) tenaga solar, tenaga elektrik/solar energy, electrical (j) Separuh daripada bilangan sel induk
energy Half of that in parent cell
(b) pencemaran udara, karbon monoksida, sulfur (k) Berbeza daripada sel induk/Different from parent cell
dioksida (l) Ada/Occurs
air pollution, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide 7 (a) pindah silang/crossing over
(c) Kereta solar, mesra alam, pembebasan asap (b) variasi genetik/genetic variation
pencemaran 8 (a) Gregor Mendel
solar car, eco-friendly, emission of smoke pollutants (b) Genotip/genotype
5 Teknologi hijau, mesra alam, mengurangkan pelepasan (c) Fenotip, ciri-ciri fizikal/Phenotype, physical
gas karbon/Green technology, environmental friendly, properties
reduce carbon emission (d) Genotip, fenotip/Genotype, phenotype
6 cuaca panas, bencana alam/hot weather, natural disasters 9
7
bapa tinggi ibu tinggi
hijau, mengitar semula sampah, menggunakan peralatan tall father tall mother

cekap tenaga, mengamalkan penjimatan tenaga dan air

Tt Tt
green, garbage recycling, using energy-efficient equipment,
practicing energy and water saving
T t T t
Bab 5

1 (a) Kromosom; halus/Chromosome; fine

(b) Sel/Cell
(c) Asid deoksiribonukleik (DNA)/Deoxyribonucleic TT Tt Tt tt

acid (DNA) Tinggi Tinggi Tinggi Kerdil

(d) Gen; ciri-ciri/Gene; characteristic Tall Tall Tall Dwarf

2 (a) (i) Deoxyribase/Deoksiribase 3: 1

(ii) fosfat/Phosphate 10 (a) 44 + XY, 22 + X 22 + Y
( iii) nitrogen/Nitrogenous (b) 44 + XX, Ovum/ovum
(b) autosom, kromosom seks/autosomes, sex 11
bapa
chromosomes father
ibu
mother
(c) X, X, Y 44 + XY 44 + XX
3 (a) 46
(b) 46
(c) Meiosis/Meiosis
(d) 23 22 + X 22 + Y 22 + X 22 + X
(e) 23
(f) Persenyawaan/Fertilisation
(g) 46
(h) Mitosis/Mitosis 44 + XX 44 + XX 44 + XY 44 + XY
(i) 46
4 (a) memendek dan menebal/shorten and thicken perempuan perempuan lelaki lelaki
female female male male
(b) replikasi, kromatid, sentromer/replication,
chromatids, centromere
2: 2
(c) khatulistiwa sel/cell equator
12 (a) spontan, gen/spontaneous, genes
(d) terpisah, kutub sel yang bertentangan/separate,
(b) struktur, bilangan/structure, number
opposite poles of the cell
13
(e) membran nukleus/nucleus membrane
(f) Dua, bilangan kromosom yang sama 47 47 45
Two, the same number of chromosomes 21 X X
5 (a) memendek dan menebal/shorten and thicken
(b) replikasi, kromatid, sentromer/replication, Lelaki atau perempuan Lelaki Perempuan
chromatids, centromere Male or female Male Female
(c) Pindah silang, pertukaran maklumat genetik sepet kecil
Crossing over, exchange of genetic information Small, narrow Small
(d) berpisah/separate
(e) membran nukleus, Empat, sel induk 14 (a) melanin, kulit, putih/melanin, white, skin
nuclear membrane, Four, parent cell (b) sel darah merah, oksigen/red blood cells, oxygen
6 (a) Sel soma/Somatic cells (c) membeku/clot
(b) Satu kali/Once (d) merah, hijau/red, green
(c) Dua/Two 15 (a) (i) radioaktif, ultraungu/radioactive, ultraviolet
(d) Sama dengan sel induk/Same as parent cells (ii) • benzena/benzene
(e) Sama dengan sel induk/Identical to parent cell • formaldehid/formaldehyde
(f) Tidak/No • asid lisergik dietilamid (LSD)/diethylamide
(g) Sel pembiakan/Reproductive cells lysergic acid (LSD)

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 • diphenylamine/diphenylamine (d) 4
• pestisid/pesticides 2 (a) (i) S: Coklat/Brown
( iii) nikotin, dadah/nicotine, drugs (ii) V: Biru/Blue
(b) (i) variasi/variatian (b) 1:1
(ii) lebih tahan/more resistant (c) (i) P: Meiosis/Meiosis
16 (a) Sains forensik/Forensic science (ii) R: Persenyawaan/Fertilisation
(b) Terapi gen/Gene therapy (d) Variasi tak selanjar/Discontinuous variation
(c) Genealogi genetik/Genetic genealogy 3 (a) Lelaki/Boy
17 (a) (i) Penemuan penyakit keturunan/Discovery of (b) Persenyawaan/Fertilisation
hereditary diseases (c) (i) Kembar seiras/Identical twins
(ii) Penghasilan insulin/Insulin production (ii) Satu zigot membahagi dan membentuk dua
( iii) Penghasilan enzim/Enzyme synthesis zigot
( iv) Kejuruteraan genetik/Genetic engineering One zygote splits and forms into two zygotes
(b) (i) Makanan yang diubah-suai genetik (d) Akan terjadi kembar siam/Will form Siamese twins
Genetically modified food (GMF) 4 (a)
(ii) Pengklonan/Cloning
Variasi selanjar Variasi tak selanjar
(iii) Pembiakbakaan terpilih/Selective breeding
Continuous variation Discontinuous variation
(c) (i) pengeluaran/yield
(ii) serangan penyakit/diseases Perbezaan ciri-ciri manusia Menunjukkan perbezaan
( iii) lebih bermutu/better quality yang tidak jelas ciri-ciri manusia yang jelas
( iv) singkat/shorter Does not show obvious Shows obvious differences in
18 (a) sikap/behavior differences in human human characteristics
(b) genetik, persekitaran/genetic, environmental characteristics
(c) selanjar, tak selanjar/continuous, discontinuous Dipengaruhi oleh faktor Dipengaruhi oleh faktor
19 persekitaran/Influenced by genetik
tidak jelas nyata, jelas environmental factors Influenced by genetic factors
not obvious obvious, clear Tidak diwarisi Diwarisi
persekitaran genetik Not inherited Inherited
environment genetic Membentuk graf taburan Membentuk graf taburan
Tidak Ya normal/Forms a normal diskrit/Forms a discrete
No Yes distribution graph distribution graph
(a) Berat Badan/Weight (a) Jantina/Sex (b) • Dua ciri sepunya/Two common characteristics
(b) Ketinggian/Height (b) Kumpulan darah/Blood − Menunjukkan perbezaan sifat yang jelas
group Shows obvious differences in traits
(c) Warna kulit/Skin colour (c) Cap jari/Fingerprint − Dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik
(d) Kepintaran/Intelligence (d) Jenis rambut/Type of hair Influenced by genetic factors
Taburan normal Taburan diskrit • Konsep awal/Initial concept
Normal distribution Discrete distribution Variasi yang menunjukkan perbezaan sifat
yang jelas dan dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik
ialah variasi tak selanjar.
Praktis Pentaksiran 5 Variation that shows obvious differences in
traits and is influenced by genetic factors is a
Soalan Objektif discontinuous variation.
1 C 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 B • Contoh: cap jari/ jenis rambut
6 D 7 A 8 C 9 C 10 A Another example: fingerprint/type of hair
11 D 12 B 13 A 14 C 15 B Bukan contoh: Berat badan/ketinggian
16 B 17 A 18 B 19 C 20 B Non-example: Height/weight
21 D • Konsep sebenar: Variasi tak selanjar ialah
variasi yang menunjukkan perbezaan sifat
Soalan Struktur yang jelas dan dipengaruhi oleh faktor
1 (a) (i) Meiosis/Meiosis genetik./Actual concept: A discontinuous
(ii) Pembentukan gamet/Formation of gametes variation is a variation that shows obvious
(b) (i) Pindah silang/Crossing over differences in characteristics and is influenced
(ii) Menghasilkan variasi pada anak by genetic factors.
Give rise to variation in offspring
(c) Bab 6

1 (a) sistem rangka/skeletal system

(b) (i) Rangka dalam/Endoskeleton
(ii) Rangka luar/Exoskeleton
( iii) Rangka hidrostatik/Hydrostatic skeleton

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 (c) (ii) Keluasan tapak/Size of the base area
(b) (i) Buaya/Crocodile
(ii) Untuk merendahkan pusat graviti bagi
mencapai stabiliti.
Lowering the centre of gravity to achieve
stability.
Rangka hidrostatik Rangka luar Rangka dalam (iii) Untuk menambah keluasan tapak bagi
Hydrostatic skeleton Exoskeleton Endoskeleton
mencapai stabiliti.
Increasing the base area to achieve stability.
10 (a) dua atau lebih tulang/two or more bones
(b) membran synovial, geseran/synovial membrane,
friction
(c) hentakan/impact
(d) rangka dalam/endoskeleton 11 (a) (i) mengecut, mengendur/contracts, relaxes
(e) invertebrata darat, rangka luar, rangka hidrostatik (ii) pendek, tebal, nipis, panjang
land invertebrates, exoskeleton, hydrostatic skeleton shorten, thicken, thin, long
2 (a) berat badan/body weight (iv) ke atas, dibengkokkan/upwards, bend
(b) pautan otot, pergerakan/muscle linkage, movement (b) (i) mengecut, mengendur/contracts, relaxes
(c) organ lembut/soft organs (iii) ke bawah, diluruskan/down, straightened
(d) bentuk badan/body shape 12 (a) sendi, otot, aktiviti fizikal/joint, muscle, physical
3 (a) Metamorfosis, perubahan struktur badan activities
Metamorphosis, body structural change (b) sakit lutut/knee pain
(b) penyalinan kulit, ekdisis/changing of skin, ecdysis 13 (a) Peringkat P, bayi/Stage P, baby
4 (a) Bendalir, tekanan, rangka hidrostatik (b) Peringkat S/Stage S
fluids, pressure, hydrostatic skeleton (c) Berat badan dan ketinggian susut
(b) rangka hidrostatik, tekanan, daya apungan Body weight and height is declining
hydrostatic skeleton, pressure, upthrust force 14 (a) (i) Umur 11 tahun/11 years old
5 (a) rangka dalam/endoskeleton (ii) Perempuan mencapai akil baligh lebih cepat
(b) (i) bentuk/shape daripada lelaki.
(ii) berat badan/the body weight Girls achieve adolescent earlier than boys.
(iii) tisu lembut, organ lembut/soft tissues, soft (b) Sekitar umur 16 tahun/Around 16 years old
organs 15
(c) lengkungan pektoral, lengkungan pelvis
Akar sokong Sulur paut Akar cengkam
pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle
Support roots Tendrils Clasping roots
6 (a) akuatik, daya apungan air/upthrust force of water,
aquatic Duri Akar banir Batang berongga
(b) kecil/small Thorns Buttress roots Hollow stems
(c) Vertebrata akuatik, ikan paus/aquatic vertebrates,
16 mengira bilangan gelangan/counting the rings
whales
17 (a) tekanan air, sel-selnya, segah, betik, keembung, sawi
(d) mati, rangka dalam, organ dalaman
water pressure, cells, turgid, papaya, balsam, mustard
die, endoskeleton, internal organs
leaves
7 (a) rangka dalam/endoskeleton
(b) orkid/orchid
(b) 206
(c) timun, peria, cahaya matahari/cucumber, bitter
(c) lengkungan pelvis/pelvic girdle
gourd, sunlight
(d) (i) berat badan/body weight
(d) ros, sokongan/rose, support
(ii) bentuk badan/body shape
18 (a) berkayu, padat, sokongan/woody, compact, support
( iii) sel-sel darah/blood cells
(b) banir, sokongan tambahan/buttress, extra support
( iv) Melindungi/Protects
(c) bakau, akar sokong/mangrove, support roots
(v) pautan otot/muscle linkage
19 (a) sokongan/support
8 (a) tulang berongga, menambahkan kekuatan struktur
(b) ruang udara, batang/air spaces, leaves
tulang/hollow bones, strengthen the bone structure
(c) kurang tumpat, terampai/less dense, suspended
(b) tulang padat, kuat/compact bones, strong
(d) hidrila, lembayung, kiambang/hydrilla, water
lettuce, water lotus
Aktiviti 6.1
Praktis Pentaksiran 6
Perbincangan/Discussion
(a) Kaki silinder berongga/Hollow cylinder legs
Soalan Objektif
(b) Kaki silinder berongga/Hollow cylinder legs
1 D 2 A 3 B 4 D 5 C
(c) Tulang berongga adalah lebih kuat kerana ia dapat
6 D 7 C 8 A 9 B 10 A
menyokong lebih banyak beban.
Hollow bones are stronger because it can support Soalan Subjektif
more weight. 1 (a) & (f)
9 (a) (i) Kedudukan pusat graviti/Position of the centre (b) & (d)
of gravity (c) & (e)

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 2 (a) & (g)
(b) & (e)
(c) & (f)
(d) & (h)
3 (a) Akar bernafas/Breathing roots
(b) Duri/Thorns
(c) Sulur paut/Tendrils
(d) Batang berongga/Hollow stems
(e) Akar cengkam/Clasping roots
(f) Akar banir/Buttress roots
(g) Akar cengkam/Clasping roots
(h) Akar prop/Prop roots

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