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    Experiment No. 1 Determination of Specific Gravity by U-Tube Year and Section: Date Started: Group Number: Date Finished: Group Members: Date Submitted

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    Iana Leyno
    This document describes an experiment to determine the specific gravity of an unknown liquid using a U-tube manometer. Over six trials, water and the unknown liquid were added to the U-tube and the height differences were measured. The specific gravity was calculated using these measurements and averaged over the trials. The average specific gravity was determined to be 0.859, indicating that the unknown liquid was less dense than water. Sources of error and conclusions are also discussed.

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    Experiment No. 1 Determination of Specific Gravity by U-Tube Year and Section: Date Started: Group Number: Date Finished: Group Members: Date Submitted

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    Iana Leyno
    467 views4 pages
    This document describes an experiment to determine the specific gravity of an unknown liquid using a U-tube manometer. Over six trials, water and the unknown liquid were added to the U-tube and the height differences were measured. The specific gravity was calculated using these measurements and averaged over the trials. The average specific gravity was determined to be 0.859, indicating that the unknown liquid was less dense than water. Sources of error and conclusions are also discussed.

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    This document describes an experiment to determine the specific gravity of an unknown liquid using a U-tube manometer. Over six trials, water and the unknown liquid were added to the U-tube and the height differences were measured. The specific gravity was calculated using these measurements and averaged over the trials. The average specific gravity was determined to be 0.859, indicating that the unknown liquid was less dense than water. Sources of error and conclusions are also discussed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    467 views4 pages

    Experiment No. 1 Determination of Specific Gravity by U-Tube Year and Section: Date Started: Group Number: Date Finished: Group Members: Date Submitted

    Uploaded by

    Iana Leyno
    This document describes an experiment to determine the specific gravity of an unknown liquid using a U-tube manometer. Over six trials, water and the unknown liquid were added to the U-tube and the height differences were measured. The specific gravity was calculated using these measurements and averaged over the trials. The average specific gravity was determined to be 0.859, indicating that the unknown liquid was less dense than water. Sources of error and conclusions are also discussed.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    EXPERIMENT NO.

    1
    DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY BY U-TUBE
    Year and Section:
    Group Number:
    Group Members:

    4CE-A
    5

    Date Started:
    Date Finished:
    Date Submitted:

    Leyno, Iana Renza L.


    Lintao, Reychito Jr. P.
    Malenab, Cesar Jr. P.
    Medina, Mark Laurence A.

    August 17, 2015


    August 17, 2015
    August 24, 2015

    Montenegro, Louis M.
    Montes, Mark Rainier L.
    Nakaegawa, Akira Q.
    Pasagui, Christal M.

    1. OBJECTIVE/S
    This activity aims to determine the specific gravity of an unknown liquid using U-tube
    manometer
    2. APPARATUS AND SUPPLIES
    U-tube manometer
    Beaker
    Dropper
    3. PROCEDURE
    1. Pour some amounts of the liquid of unknown specific gravity into the tube until the
    liquid reaches a level of approximately 3mm.
    2. Pour water into both ends to a height of at least 9mm from the level of liquid
    3. Pour an additional amount of water into the right leg of the U-tube until there is a
    noticeable difference in water level
    4. Record the height of the water level and the unknown liquid in the two legs of the
    manometer
    5. Repeat steps (3) and (4) for additional trials until water is about to overflow
    CLEANING PROCEDURE
    1. Clean the apparatus before each trial
    2. After the experiment, dispose the unknown liquid properly
    3. Clean the apparatus supply with soap and water and dry them thoroughly before
    returning them
    4. DATA AND RESULTS

    Trial
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6

    Height of water (cm)


    cd (left)
    4.2
    4.2
    4.3
    4.5
    4.6
    4.7

    Height of unknown liquid (cm)

    Specific
    gravity (sg)

    bc (right)
    2.9
    2.8
    2.7
    2.55
    2.4
    2.35

    ab (right)
    de (left)
    4.6
    2.9
    4.8
    2.9
    4.9
    2.9
    5.1
    2.9
    5.2
    2.9
    5.28
    2.9
    Average Specific Gravity
    Table 1 - Results

    CE 412L: Fluid Mechanics Laboratory | Experiment No. 1: Determination of


    Specific Gravity by U-Tube

    0.765
    0.737
    0.800
    0.909
    0.957
    0.988
    0.859

    5. FORMULAS AND COMPUTATIONS


    sg = cd bc
    ab de
    Where
    sg = Specific Gravity
    cd, bc = Height of Water
    ab, de = Height of Unknown liquid
    average specific gravity = sg
    no. of trials
    5.1 Specific Gravity
    5.1.1 TRIAL 1
    sg = 4.2 2.9
    4.6 2.9
    sg =0.765
    5.1.2 TRIAL 2
    sg = 4.2 2.8
    4.8 2.9
    sg =0.737
    5.1.2 TRIAL 3
    sg = 4.3 2.7
    4.9 2.9
    sg =0.800
    5.1.2 TRIAL 4
    sg = 4.5 2.55
    5.1 2.9
    sg =0.909
    5.1.2 TRIAL 5
    sg = 4.6 2.4
    5.2 2.9
    sg =0.957
    5.1.2 TRIAL 6
    sg = 4.7 2.35
    5.28 2.9
    sg =0.988
    5.2 Average Specific Gravity
    Ave = 0.765+0.737+0.800+0.909+0.957+0.988
    6
    Ave = 0.859

    CE 412L: Fluid Mechanics Laboratory | Experiment No. 1: Determination of


    Specific Gravity by U-Tube

    6. FIGURES/DIAGRAMS/GRAPHS

    Figure 1 Materials
    (Beaker, Dropper, U-tube manometer)

    Figure 2 Unknown Liquid and Water

    CE 412L: Fluid Mechanics Laboratory | Experiment No. 1: Determination of


    Specific Gravity by U-Tube

    Figure 3 Actual Experiment


    7. SOURCES OF ERRORS
    In this experiment, many factors were considered that affected the determination of the
    specific gravity of the unknown liquid. First is human error in which the conductor of the experiment
    overlooked the reading especially when it comes to very small division of measurements and some
    bubbles that were formed are not removed. Second is Instrumental error, as for this the conductor
    experienced that there is a crack or slight defect in the U-tube manometer itself. And lastly is the
    Environmental error which is the temperature that may cause expansion of the U-tube manometer.
    8. CONCLUSIONS AND REMARKS
    Using U-tube manometer is one of the many methods in determining the specific gravity of a
    liquid. Both sides of the U-tube manometer are exposed to the air thus both sides have the same
    pressure applied. If the unknown liquid and water were dropped in the in the u-tube manometer, the
    fluid that is denser will subside at the bottom. As for the experiment the water was the one that
    subsided in the bottom therefore the conductors of the experiment can conclude that the specific
    gravity of the unknown liquid is less than 1 g/cc.

    CE 412L: Fluid Mechanics Laboratory | Experiment No. 1: Determination of


    Specific Gravity by U-Tube

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