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    How Do Enzymes Work

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    mdavila1705
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    How Do Enzymes Work

    Uploaded by

    mdavila1705
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    Summary

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    78 views3 pages

    How Do Enzymes Work

    Uploaded by

    mdavila1705
    Summary

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    How do Enzymes work?

    Enzymes are known to be globular


    proteins, even though they might contain
    some non-protein components, they are
    considered and known to be proteins.
    All chemical reactions in all living
    organisms require enzymes to
    function; actually, no existing reaction can
    take place without an enzyme. They have
    the principal function of being biological
    catalysts (speed up reactions), but they
    also work as being synthesis enzymes
    (building reactions) and digestive enzymes
    (breaking down reactions). The shape of
    the protein is the most important feature
    in order to conduct the reaction, they have to have a specific shape,
    depending upon what amino acids are joined and in what order. The
    way an enzyme is shaped is known as the active site (active clef).
    All enzymes have different and specific shapes
    depending upon the shape their substrate has, this
    helps their individual substrate to fit in perfectly with
    the shape of the enzyme. The enzyme and the
    substrate together are known as the EnzymeSubstrate Complex.
    When the subtracts are close together in the enzyme,
    their actually energy to perform their reaction can
    reduce itself, therefore the reaction takes place.
    Without the enzymes present, subtracts wouldnt be able to even
    collide together and there wouldnt be a reaction at all.
    There is a variation of theorys, which describe the formation of these
    enzymes.
    1) Lock and Key: A molecule with a complementary
    shape can fit into an active site, with call these
    molecules substrates. This process is basically the
    one I mentioned above, but this time Im going to
    describe it with more detail. These substrate
    molecules form temporary bonds with amino acids to
    produce an enzyme-substrate complex. When the
    reaction has taken place the products are released,
    leaving the enzyme unchanged, and able to react
    again if necessary. The substrate is often described
    as the key and the enzyme as the lock, which fit
    together perfectly, this is known as the Lock and Key
    Theory.

    2) Induced fit Theory: Active sites are often known as flexible. This
    method consists of the substrate entering the active site and the
    enzyme molecule being forced to modify its shape, in order for it to fit
    more closely to around the substrate. Only a specific substrate is able
    to induce the change in the shape of an enzymes active site.
    We have to take in mind that once the substrates have reacted
    together, the enzymes release them. This is known as the product of
    the reaction. But Enzymes are not changed by this reaction, they
    arent used up, once the products leave, the enzyme can be used
    again for the same reaction with more of the same substrate.
    Some reactions can bring substrates together and make them react to
    make a complex product. These are known as Synthesis reactions.
    Other reactions bring a complex into the active site and break it down
    into two or more products, this is known as a Degradation/digestion
    reaction.
    Synthesis:

    +
    ENZY
    Degradation/Digestion:

    +
    ENZYME
    Enzymes are named for the reaction they help:
    Sucrose breaks down sucrose
    Proteases breakdown proteins
    Lipases breakdown lipids
    DNA polymerase builds DNA

    Temperature: effects on rates of enzyme activity


    Optimum Temperature:

    Greatest number of collisions between enzyme & substrate


    For humans its: 35- 40C

    Raise the Temperature:

    Denature protein

    Lower the Temperature:

    Molecules move slower


    Fewer collisions between enzyme & substrate

    PH: effects on rates of enzyme activity


    -The change in PH changes the proteins shapes, so it becomes de
    natured.
    - Most human enzymes = pH 6-8

    Pepsin (stomach) = pH 3
    Trypsin (small intestines) = pH 8

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