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    Political History On Somalia: Somali Warlords Issue

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    Kedar Bhasme
    Somalia has experienced political instability and violence since the overthrow of its last dictator in 1991. The country descended into civil war and anarchy as various warlords fought for control. By the early 1990s, Somalia had become a failed state with no effective central government. International interventions in the 1990s aimed to address the humanitarian crisis and restore stability, but withdrew after military engagements. Somalia remains divided and stateless, though a new transitional government has formed recently.

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    Political History On Somalia: Somali Warlords Issue

    Uploaded by

    Kedar Bhasme
    54 views2 pages
    Somalia has experienced political instability and violence since the overthrow of its last dictator in 1991. The country descended into civil war and anarchy as various warlords fought for control. By the early 1990s, Somalia had become a failed state with no effective central government. International interventions in the 1990s aimed to address the humanitarian crisis and restore stability, but withdrew after military engagements. Somalia remains divided and stateless, though a new transitional government has formed recently.

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    political history

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    Somalia

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    Somalia has experienced political instability and violence since the overthrow of its last dictator in 1991. The country descended into civil war and anarchy as various warlords fought for control. By the early 1990s, Somalia had become a failed state with no effective central government. International interventions in the 1990s aimed to address the humanitarian crisis and restore stability, but withdrew after military engagements. Somalia remains divided and stateless, though a new transitional government has formed recently.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    54 views2 pages

    Political History On Somalia: Somali Warlords Issue

    Uploaded by

    Kedar Bhasme
    Somalia has experienced political instability and violence since the overthrow of its last dictator in 1991. The country descended into civil war and anarchy as various warlords fought for control. By the early 1990s, Somalia had become a failed state with no effective central government. International interventions in the 1990s aimed to address the humanitarian crisis and restore stability, but withdrew after military engagements. Somalia remains divided and stateless, though a new transitional government has formed recently.

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Political History on Somalia

    Somali Warlords Issue

    Mogadishu 1993.
    Majority- Nomads/Farmers. Almost all Sunni Muslims.
    Lawless, Bankrupt, War-torn. No Effective Govt since 1991.
    Conflict caused by Group of War-Lords and Clan based Factions all

    vying for Power.


    Colonised by British & Italians till late 19cent. Two Protectorates.

    1960 they merged


    1977 War with Ethiopia, invaded The Ogaden Desert inhabited by

    Somalian Nomads. Success.


    Military and Economic Aid from Soviet. Cold War. Soviet plan to

    dominate trade routes through Suez Canal & Persian Gulf.


    Soviet change allegiance to Ethiopia after cease fire failure.
    Ba now turned to US. Military base of Berbara. Economic and Military

    Aid
    Humanitarian & Human rights disregard, International pressure, US

    reduced its aid


    End of Cold War. End of strategic importance of Somalia to either side
    Warlords in North were armed and funded by Ethiopia
    Ba -> Dictatorial regime. Main Opposition-United Somalia Congress

    (dominated by warlords).
    Ba ousted, 1991. Exiled in Kenya
    Controlling the all Warlord factions became difficult for new

    Government. Battle for Supremacy. Chaos. Bloody Civil War.


    Power struggle- Poverty Bankruptcy, Drought, Disease, Famines,

    Deaths-children, ->Migration(Kenya, Ethiopia, Djibouti).


    UN intervention. Warlords ceasefire. Warlords allowed loot of relief,
    hijack food convoys. More UN peace core. Angers Warlords. UN troops

    attacked. Demand UN withdrawal from country.


    US intervention sanctioned by Security Council. Ensure free flow of
    Food, crush warlords, bring stability. Operation Restore Hope After

    operation handover military operations of Somalia to UN.


    US withdraw troops. Warlords became active. Attack on UN troops.
    Reply- Operation Gothic Serpent. Heavy casualties. More troops for
    short term cover. 1994, US Troops pulled out. Few months later UN
    troops withdraw.

    Few years later, Somalia drifted into chaos and anarchy. Mohammed
    Idid dead. Warlords came together Alliance for restoration of peace

    and Counter-Terrorism(ARPCT). Weak transitional Government.


    Group of Islamic Fundamentalist setup Shariat Courts. Strict.
    ARPCT vs Islamic Fundamentalist. Warlords funded by US. Islamist

    gained upper hand. Warlords fled to Ethiopia.


    Ethiopia(with US help) vs Islamists in Somalia. Pushed Islamists out.
    2007 US offensive on Islamist positions. After which Warlords asserted

    themselves again. Islamist vs Warlords+Ethiopians


    Officially recognised as a stateless society.

    India-Somalia Relations

    located on the Horn of Africa, longest coastline in Africa, homogenous

    with respect to religion and language-Arabic and English


    Economy- Agriculture, Livestock, fisheries, telecommunications and

    remittances
    Indian participation in United Task Force (UNITAF) in United Nations

    Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM) in 1991 Civil war


    Indian traders have been trading with the Horn of Africa since ancient

    times.
    New stable Government under President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud

    formed after transitional Govt.


    Somalia is among the partner countries of Pan African e-Network
    project. India offers Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation
    (ITEC) training scholarships and Indian Council for Cultural Relations

    (ICCR) scholarships to Somalia.


    Somalia qualifies for Indias offer of unilateral duty free tariff

    preferential market access for export of goods and services to India.


    The Indian Navy has been involved in anti-piracy patrolling in the Gulf
    of Aden since 2008.

    Piracy Issue

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