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    AP D80 Imperialism in Africa

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    Chad Horn
    1. The Berlin Conference in 1884-1885 was a meeting between European nations to peacefully divide Africa among themselves. No African tribes were represented. 2. At the conference, the Europeans partitioned Africa with little regard for ethnic or cultural lines. By 1914, all of Africa had been divided among European powers like Britain, France, Belgium, and Germany, with only Liberia and Ethiopia remaining independent. 3. Rudyard Kipling's poem "The White Man's Burden" described the imperialist attitude of Europeans taking control of foreign lands and peoples in order to civilize them.

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    AP D80 Imperialism in Africa

    Uploaded by

    Chad Horn
    123 views5 pages
    1. The Berlin Conference in 1884-1885 was a meeting between European nations to peacefully divide Africa among themselves. No African tribes were represented. 2. At the conference, the Europeans partitioned Africa with little regard for ethnic or cultural lines. By 1914, all of Africa had been divided among European powers like Britain, France, Belgium, and Germany, with only Liberia and Ethiopia remaining independent. 3. Rudyard Kipling's poem "The White Man's Burden" described the imperialist attitude of Europeans taking control of foreign lands and peoples in order to civilize them.

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    World History Imperialism in Africa video answers.

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    1. The Berlin Conference in 1884-1885 was a meeting between European nations to peacefully divide Africa among themselves. No African tribes were represented. 2. At the conference, the Europeans partitioned Africa with little regard for ethnic or cultural lines. By 1914, all of Africa had been divided among European powers like Britain, France, Belgium, and Germany, with only Liberia and Ethiopia remaining independent. 3. Rudyard Kipling's poem "The White Man's Burden" described the imperialist attitude of Europeans taking control of foreign lands and peoples in order to civilize them.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    123 views5 pages

    AP D80 Imperialism in Africa

    Uploaded by

    Chad Horn
    1. The Berlin Conference in 1884-1885 was a meeting between European nations to peacefully divide Africa among themselves. No African tribes were represented. 2. At the conference, the Europeans partitioned Africa with little regard for ethnic or cultural lines. By 1914, all of Africa had been divided among European powers like Britain, France, Belgium, and Germany, with only Liberia and Ethiopia remaining independent. 3. Rudyard Kipling's poem "The White Man's Burden" described the imperialist attitude of Europeans taking control of foreign lands and peoples in order to civilize them.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    EECHS Social Studies Department

    World History Deborah Vining

    Imperialism

    Factors Favoring Imperialism


    The industrialized nations of Europe needed raw materials for their factories. They also needed markets
    in which to sell their manufactured goods. The answer to both of these problems is imperialism. The
    takeover of a territory or country by a more powerful nation in order to dominate it politically, socially
    and economically is called imperialism. A number of circumstances and technological advances helped
    to promote European imperialism in Africa in the nineteenth century.
    The Europeans had many factors that allowed them to dominate the weaker nations of Africa. Europeans
    enjoyed superior technology and had much more sophisticated weapons which gave them an advantage
    over weaker nations. The invention of the steam engine allowed Europeans to navigate African rivers
    into the interior continent which was never possible before. Cables and railroads provided means of
    transportation and communication between the colony and the nation that controlled it. The discovery of
    quinine allowed Europeans to enter the interior of Africa without fear of contracting malaria. Africas
    various ethnic and language groups promoted disunity and therefore made it easy for the Europeans to
    conquer these peoples.

    1. What is imperialism?
    The takeover of a territory or country by a more powerful nation in order to
    dominate it politically, socially and economically.

    2. What are some factors that allowed the Europeans to dominate Africa?
    Europeans had superior technology and much more sophisticated weapons
    which gave them an advantage over weaker nations. Also Africas various ethnic
    and language groups promoted disunity and therefore made it easy for the
    Europeans to conquer these peoples.

    Types of Colonial Dominance


    New economic and political power also played a role in imperialism. The demand for land was
    also an important motivator for the Europeans imperialistic needs. Countries would set up military
    bases and trade outlets throughout the world. European countries were trying to build global empires and
    the more land and resources they controlled the more powerful they would become. Countries also
    wanted to spread religions like Christianity to other parts of the world which also helped the growth of
    imperialism.
    There were a few different forms of imperialism. They were colonies, protectorates and spheres
    of influence. Colonies are regions that are politically controlled by a distant country. Protectorates are a
    relationship of protection and partial control by a superior power over a dependent country or region.
    The most important form was a sphere of influence. This is when an area or a part of a country is
    controlled politically or economically by one nation.

    1. What are the motives for imperialism?


    European countries were trying to build global empires and the more land and
    resources they controlled the more powerful they would become. Countries also
    wanted to spread religions like Christianity to other parts of the world

    2. What forms of colonial dominance are there?


    Protectorates: a relationship of protection and partial control by a superior power over
    a dependent country or region. And spheres of influence. This is when an area or a part
    of a country is controlled politically or economically by one nation.
    EECHS Social Studies Department
    World History Deborah Vining

    European Division of Africa


    Interest in the Congo in central Africa was created in the late 1860s, when a clergyman from Scotland,
    David Livingstone, journeyed to Africa to search for the source of the Nile River. Livingstone did not
    communicate with anyone for years, and Henry Stanley was sent to find him. He found Livingstone, and
    eventually returned to Africa to sign treaties with some of the chiefs in the valley of the Congo River.
    These gave King Leopold II personal control over the Congo region.
    Leopold devastated the economy and society of the Congo by establishing large rubber plantations and
    forcing the natives to work on them. Not only were working conditions on the plantations extremely
    harsh and wages extremely low, but work on the commercial plantation prevented the Congolese from
    their own private farm lots. By 1908, the efforts of humanitarians worldwide forced the Belgium
    government to take control of the Congo. The race for empires in Africa began.

    1. What did Belgium do to the people of the Congo?


    Leopold devastated the economy and society of the Congo by establishing large
    rubber plantations and forcing the natives to work on them.

    The Berlin Conference


    In the 1880s, the French, who already had interests along the Congo River, began to expand their
    holdings. Although Africans did not display much interest in purchasing European manufactured goods,
    the industrialized European countries continued their quest for African colonies to appropriate their
    mineral wealth and raw materials. The Belgian Congo contained rich deposits of copper and tin, and a
    large supply of rubber trees. Diamonds were discovered in South Africa in 1867 and gold in 1886. The
    controlling nations established cash-crop plantations to produce rubber, cocoa, palm oil, which was used
    for lubricating the machinery of European factories.
    Fearing the competition for colonies might result in conflict among European nations themselves, the
    imperialist powers agreed to meet at the Berlin Conference in 1884-1885 to peacefully divide Africa.
    Noticeably absent from the Conference were representatives from any African tribes. The divisions
    imposed on Africa by the conference were executed with little regard to partitioning the continent along
    ethnic or cultural lines. By 1914, all of Africa had been divided among the European powers like Spain,
    Portugal, Great Britain, France, Belgium, Italy and Germany. Only two countries remained independent
    Liberia and Ethiopia. The Africans made several attempts to resist the colonial powers; only one, the
    1896 Ethiopian resistance against Italy was successful.

    1. What was the Berlin Conference?


    A meeting between European nations to divide the continent of Africa for ruling.

    2. Who was left out of the conference and why?


    Any African tribes. The divisions imposed on Africa by the conference were executed with
    little regard to partitioning the continent along ethnic or cultural lines.

    Conflicts in Africa
    The Zulus moved to South Africa in the 1600s like many other native tribes. But by the 1800s
    the Zulus were becoming extremely powerful under their new ruler, Shaka Zulu. Between 1818 and
    1828 Shaka started countless wars against nearby tribes. His unique fighting style made his army
    superior to others. Every tribe he conquered a tribe he asked them to join his tribe and by doing this he
    was able to build a unified kingdom.
    EECHS Social Studies Department
    World History Deborah Vining

    The Dutch controlled an area of South Africa known as Cape Colony. They were able to control
    it for many years but as Dutch power faded, the British came in and took control of Cape Colony. The
    Boers hated British rule because they outlawed slavery. In 1899 war broke out between the Boers and
    the British. The British were eventually victorious, and South Africa belonged to the British.
    Because of their disliking of the British the Boers began to move north. As they traveled they ran
    into the Zulus. The Zulus fought with pride and heart but because of their primitive weapons like spears
    and arrows they had no chance against the Boers. After years of fighting the Boers defeated the Zulus.

    1. Who were the Zulu tribe?


    A tribe led by Shaka Zulu that steamrolled countless nearby tribes with his bull horn strategy to
    form a kingdom.

    2. What was the Boer War?


    A war between the Boers and the British due to the outlawing of slavery.

    Rudyard Kipling, the White Man's Burden, 1899


    This famous poem, written by Britain's imperial poet, was a response to the American
    takeover of the Philippines after the Spanish-American War, but can be used to describe
    imperialism throughout the world.

    Take up the White Man's burden--


    Send forth the best ye breed--
    Go bind your sons to exile
    To serve your captives' need;
    To wait in heavy harness,
    On fluttered folk and wild--
    Your new-caught, sullen peoples,
    Half-devil and half-child.

    Take up the White Man's burden--


    In patience to abide,
    To veil the threat of terror
    And check the show of pride;
    By open speech and simple,
    An hundred times made plain
    To seek another's profit,
    And work another's gain.

    Take up the White Man's burden--


    No tawdry rule of kings,
    But toil of serf and sweeper--
    The tale of common things.
    The ports ye shall not enter,
    The roads ye shall not tread,
    Go mark them with your living,
    And mark them with your dead.

    Take up the White Man's burden--


    Ye dare not stoop to less--
    EECHS Social Studies Department
    World History Deborah Vining

    Nor call too loud on Freedom


    To cloke your weariness;
    By all ye cry or whisper,
    By all ye leave or do,
    The silent, sullen peoples
    Shall weigh your gods and you.

    1. According to this poem, what is the White Mans burden?


    To help and reform non whites.

    2. How does this poem depict non-European cultures?


    As savages who need to be tamed and reformed.

    The Black Man's Burden, 1903

    Kiplings poem The White Man's Burden of 1899 presented one view of imperialism. Edward Morel, a
    British journalist in the Belgian Congo, drew attention to the abuses of imperialism in 1903. The Congo
    [for a period known in modern times as Zare] was perhaps the most famously exploitative of the
    European colonies.

    It is the Africans who carry the 'Black man's burden'. They have not withered away before the
    white man's occupation. Indeed ... Africa has ultimately absorbed within itself every Caucasian and
    every Semitic invader. In hewing out for himself a fixed abode in Africa, the white man has massacred
    the African in heaps. The African has survived, and it is well for the white settlers that he has...
    What the partial occupation of his soil by the white man has failed to do; what the mapping out
    of European political 'spheres of influence' has failed to do; what the Maxim and the rifle, the slave
    gang, labour in the bowels of the earth and the lash, have failed to do; what imported measles, smallpox
    and syphilis have failed to do; whatever the overseas slave trade failed to do, the power of modern
    capitalistic exploitation, assisted by modern engines of destruction, may yet succeed in accomplishing.
    For from the evils of the latter, scientifically applied and enforced, there is no escape for the
    African. Its destructive effects are permanentIt kills not the body merely, but the soul. It breaks the
    spirit. It attacks the African at every turn, from every point of vantage. It wrecks his polity, uproots him
    from the land, invades his family life, destroys his natural pursuits and occupations, claims his whole
    time, and enslaves him in his own home....
    . . . In Africa, especially in tropical Africa, which a capitalistic imperialism threatens and has already
    devastated the Africans suffer The African of the tropics is capable of tremendous physical labors. But
    he cannot accommodate himself to the European system of monotonous, uninterrupted labour, with its
    long and regular hours, involving, moreover, as it frequently does separation from home, a malady to
    which the African is especially proneWhen this abusive system is forced upon him, the African droops
    and dies.
    Nor is violent physical opposition to abuse and injustice henceforth possible for the African in
    any part of Africa. His chances of effective resistance have been steadily dwindling with the increasing
    perfectibility in the killing power of modern armament....
    Thus the African is really helpless against the material gods of the white man, as embodied in the
    trinity of imperialism, capitalistic exploitation, and militarism.... the bestial imaginings of civilized man,
    unrestrained by convention or law; in fine, to kill the soul in a people-this is a crime which transcends
    physical murder.
    EECHS Social Studies Department
    World History Deborah Vining

    From E. D. Morel, The Black Man's Burden, in Louis L. Snyder, The Imperialism Reader
    (Princeton, N.J.: Van Nostrand, 1962), pp.l63l64. First published in 1920 in Great Britain.

    1. What is the Black Mans Burden?

    2. How does Morel view European occupation of Africa?

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