History worksheet

HISTORY WORKSHEET (short notes & questions) FOR GRADE 10

(UNIT FOUR-UNIT EIGHT)

AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE EDUCATION BUREAU

August 2012 E.C

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UNIT FOUR
African peoples and resistance against colonial expansion from 1870’s to1914
 The struggle colonialism had passed through different stage. The military resistance can
be called early resistance
 The struggle for independence from colonial rule in the interwar period was the second
stage of African resistance against colonialism
 The last decisive stage came after World War II. This was the stage which witnessed the
emergence of organized national liberation movement that freed the continent from yoke
of colonialism.
 Samori Toure of Mandinka :-was one of those in west Africa , who set out to build
empire a little before European colonial conquest in Africa . Several such states were
created by Jihad led by local rulers.
 Samori fought with French finally, the French army was successive in capturing Samori
Toure in 1898 and exiled him to the French colony of Gabon.
 The Ashanti Empire was emerged as a nation in late 17th and able to build a large and
strong empire by the 19th c.
 The British began their colonial venture by annexing a coastal strip of land in what has
later became Ghana. They called it the British Gog Cost colony in1874.
 The British made the first military in 1896 and occupied the Ashante Empire.
 In 1900 the God coast, under the rule of the British was made up of all the area of present
day Ghana.
 The Urbi pasha’s Rebellion in Egypt:-Following the opening of Suez Canal in1869,
colonial powers were attracted to this vital water way.
 British was determined to get safe passage for her ship sailing to and from India.
 British and France Imperialism dominated Egypt.
 Urabi pasha was organized a nationalist army revolt against British and French
imperialism and the puppet Egyptians rulers.
 In 1881,the army of Urabi pasha was finally defeated at the battle of TelEl-kabir by .
 British forces. There after Britain took full colonial control of Egypt in 1882.

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 The Mahdist movement:-was a religious reveal’s and anti-colonialist resistance

movement against Egypt in 1881.
 Mahdist had defeated the force Gordon, who had been assigned as colonial governor in
Sudan . Finally after a heroic resistance under the leadership of Khalifa Abbdllahi
(successer of Mahdi) against general Kitcher, the mahdist were defeated at the battle of
Omdurman in1898.
 From 1898 onwards, Sudan fell under the joint British and Egyptian control. This joint
control was known as the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium.
 The Maji-Maji Rebellion:- was one of the early resistance to German in Zanzibar was
led by Bushri Ibn Salim(an arab suger planter)
 Finally the resistance was crushed and the leader Bushri was killed in the battle in 1889.
But the Maji-Maji revolt soon broke out in 1905and continued to 1907.
 The cause first World War from (1914-1918) were:-
 The industrial revolution was the major cause of the war
 Nationalism also attention between France and Germany.
 The Moroccan crisis of 1905 and 1911.
 The Balkan crisis.
 Military alliance was formed triple alliance and triple entente.
 The assassination of Francis Ferdinand at Sarajevo is the immediate cause .
 Consequence of the war were:-
 Social:-millions of civilians died as a result of hostilities famine , disease and
family dislocated
 10 millions solider were wounded
 Economic:- Distraction of industrial plants, bridges and other infrastructure
were destroyed.
 Political:- USA and Soviet union became the leading of world power.
 Three European dynasties were distracted like:-Hohernollerns of Germany,
Hapsburgs of Austria Hungary and Romanove of Russia
 New national state arose in central Europe
 The League of nation was established.

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 The war had a significant impact on the anti- colonial struggle in Africa.
 The Russian Revolution:- Russia had a long history of feudal relation. It was ruled by
Czar 9Russian Emperior).
 Since 1613 member of the Romanove dynasty had been ruling Russia as absolute
Monarch.
 Until 1861 the Russian peasant did not own land. They lived as a serf.
 In the19th some liberal groups demand the replacement of Czarist absolutism by
democratic parliamentary government. The groups were called Social Revolutionaries.
 The Revolutionaries formed the Russian Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP).
 RSDLP was divided in to two. These were the Bolsheviks (Majority) and Mensheviks
(Minority).
 The Bolsheviks were more liberals than Mensheviks.
 Anti colonial struggle between the two World War.
 After WWII in Africa there were different national liberation movement were:-
 The young Kikuyu association in Kenya led by a young telephone worker
was called HerryThuku.
 The Bataka association in Uganda.
 The emergence of political parties and the struggle against colonial rule.
 In some parts of Africa after WWI anti colonial struggle began to led by political parties.
These were ;-
 In 1912 African National Congress (ANC)
 In 1919 the Egyptian national party called Wafd le by Saad Zaghlul
Pasha.
 In 1934 the Neo Dastur party led by Habib Bourgiba (came the first
president of Tunisia in 1956).
 In 1920 the Rift communities of Morocco led by Abdul Kerim

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UNIT FIVE

Italo- Ethiopian relation (1935-36)

 In 1896 the Addis Ababa peace treaty, Italy unconditionally recognized the independence
of Ethiopia.
 Following the defeat at Adwa Italian government adopt a policy of friendly relation with
Ethiopia.
 Behind the official harmonious Italo- Ethiopian relation, there were sign of revival of
Italian interest in Ethiopia. These were;-
 Italian plan to build a railway connected her colonies of Eritrea and
Somalia.
 Italy’s growing colonial interest came following her entry in to WWI on the
side of Entente group.
 In1922 Fascist sized power in Italy.
 By 1925 Anglo –Italian agreement was signed.
 The Walwal incident: - by 1930’s Italians had established un- illegal control over it.
 On December 1934 Italian troops opened fire on Anglo-Ethiopian boundaries around the
water wall of Walwal the Ethiopian troops scored a victory.
The Italo- Ethiopian war of 1935-36
 On October 1935 Italian troops crossed the Mereb River in to Ethiopia and started their
war of aggression.
 Italian invasion came to Ethiopia from two directions. These were :-
 In the North:- from Eritrea , the Italian army were led by first Marshal
Emilio Debono later replaced by Pitro Badoglio.
 In the south:-Italian army was under the commander of General Rudolf
Grazziani.
 On the Ethiopian side:-In the North Ethiopian army were led by Ras Kasa Hailu. It fought
the Italian army in three directions. These were:-
 In the Eastern direction the Ethiopian army were led by Ras Mulugeta
Yigezu fought the Italian army at the battle of Ambaradom

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 In the center the of Ras Kassa and Ras Seyoum Mendesha fought the Italian
army at the battle of Tembine
 In the Western the Ethiopian army were led by Ras Imiru Hailessilase fought
the Italian army at the battle of Shire.
 The Italian troops were victories at the battle of Ambaradom and Tembene
 The Ethiopian force was scored little at battle of Shire.
 Ras Mulugeta Yigezu los t his life in the battle.
 The better trained army and Imperial bodyguard were led by Emperor Haile Sellassie
fought the Italian army at the battle of Maychew on March 31, 1936.
 In the south the Ethiopian army were led by Dejazmach Nesibu Zeamanuel, Dejazmach
Desta Damtew, Balcha Saffo and Dejazmach Mokonnen Endalkachew were fought the
Italian army led by Grazziani, Ethiopian army were effective.
 There stages of the patriotic resistance movement against the Italian rule. These were :-
 The first stage was continuity of the major war and it lasted until 1937 led
by Ras Imiru Hailessillasie .
 The second stage of patriotic resistance was led by the nobilities and local
nobles by the charcter of guerilla warfare centered in rural area. Strong in
Gojjam, Shewa and Begemider
Example: Hailemariam Mamo, Abebe Aregay, Gersu Duki and Bekele
Wayo in Shewa
_ Belay Zeleke in Gojjam
_ Amoraw Wubneh in Gonder

The second World War and the liberation of Ethiopia

 WWII was fought between two military block were known as the Allied and Axis power,
the year between1939-1945.
 The allied power consisted France, Britain, Russia and USA(after 1941)
 The axis power consisted Germany, Japan and Italy (after 1940).
Cause of WWII
 The development of fascist in German, Italy and Japan(major cause)
 The German Nazi complained the 1919 Versailles treaty.

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 Japan had invaded Manchuria in Northern China.

 In 1939 September, German invaded Poland, on September 3, Britain and France
declared war on Germany (immediate cause).
Consequence of the war
 Loss in human and material resources.
 The ear hastened, the decolonization of in Asia and Africa
 USA and USSR became supper power.
 United nation (UN) replaced league of nation.
 In 1942 the British signed Anglo- Ethiopian treaty the treaty allowed Ethiopian made
dependent.
 In1944 the second Anglo- Ethiopian treaty was signed. In this treaty :-
-The British promised to restore Ogden to Ethiopia.
- British recognized the right of Haile Selassie to recruit non – British personnel.
- British allowed Ethiopia to use the Djibouti – Addis Ababa railway.
- The British agreed to train Ethiopian military force.

UNNIT SIX
The formation United Nation Organization (UNO)
 In August 1942 president Roosevelt of UAS and Prime Minister Winston Churchill of
Britain held a historic conference on the Atlantic coast of Canada. In this meeting they
made a joint deceleration known as Atlantic charter.
 In 1942 26 nations, who took the part against Germany meet at Washington DC and
agreed to accept the Atlantic charter.
 In 1945 at San-Francisco representatives of 50 Nation approved UNO.
 The goal of UN were:-Maintain international peace and security
-Take effective collective measure and removal threat of aggression. -
Encourage international cooperation in solving economic, political, social and cultural
problems.

-Promote respect for human right without dissection as to race, sex, language and religion.

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The Emergence of rival super power and the post-war political

development
 During WWII the major power of the world formed an alliance against the axis
power and become victors end in 1945.
 By 1947 this temporary unity Came end.
 The Cold- war described the post WWII struggle between two power block called
the Western and Eastern bloc.
 Western bloc headed by USA and Eastern bloc headed by Soviet Union.
 The basic Cause of the Cold war was conflicting political and economical goal.
 The Chinese Revolution:-China was the largest country in the world.
 Before 1644 several dynasties ruled over China, between 1644 and 1911 the
Machu (Ching) dynasty consolidated feudal.
 In the 19th and early 20th c the newly social force emerged. They wanted to
change political and economical system of their country.
 The Kuomintang(KMT) or national party , was founded by Dr, Sun Yat-Sen
,gained different supporters.
 In 1911-1912 the nationalist set out a revolution and over threw the last Machu
Emperor Puyi and established a republican government.
 In 1921 the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was formed.
 The Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party became the major forces on
the Chinese scene in 1920’s and 1930’s.
 On his death in 1921, Sun Yat Sun was succeeded by Chiang Kal-Shek.
 Mao Tsetung (Mao Zedong) became the leader of the communist party.
 In 1927, Chiang Kai-Shek attacked the communist and in 1928 Chiang Kai-Shek
proclaimed himself the sole ruler of China.
 In 1937Japan invade China, both nationalist and communist party resisted Japan
but could not deafened Japanese force.
 The Korean war:- Korea was annexed by Japan in1910 and continued WWII,
later the war Korea became independent state.
 After the surrendered of Japan in August 1945, Korea was occupied by Russia in
the north and US troops in the south.

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 The Vietnam War:-Since 188’s Indo-China was under the French colonial rule
until WWII.
 French ruled Indo- China was made up of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.
 In 191941Vietnamise nationalist leader Ho Chi Minh started a peasant resistance
movement.
 The Vietnamese fought against the French colonizerfrom1946-1954. Finally
French was defeated at the battle of Dien Bien Phu.
 Until 1976 Vietnam divided in to communist North and capitalist South.
 The Arab-Israel war:- Palestine had been parts of Ottoman Empire until WWI.
 Following the victory of entente power in WWI Countries of the Middle East
divided up between Britain and France as a mandate.
 In 1917 the British had issued what was called Balfour Declaration .This
declaration paved the way for the establishment of a national homeland for the
Jews in Palestine.
 Zionism was an international Jews movement, aimed at establishing a Jewish state
in Palestine.
 On May 15, 1948 Egyptian, Syrian, Iraq and Trans-Jordan armies attacked the
newly created Jewish of Israel Sympathizing the cause of Palestine Arab. This
show the 1st Arab-Israel war(1948-1949).
 In October 1956 Israel attacked Egypt, Britain and France intervened the war on
side of Israel Egypt suffered losses. The USSR,UAS and UN forced Israel, Britain
and France to stop the war and saved Egypt from the total defeat. This was known
as Suez Canal crisis or the 2nd Arab Israel war.
 The 3rd Arab-Israel war or the six day war was fought between from 5-10 Jun
1967, between Israel on one hand and Syria, Iraq and Jordan Egypt on the other
side. Israel became victories at the end of the war Israel occupied Golan Heights
of Syria, Sinal and Gaza strip of Egypt and west Bank of Jordan. This new
occupied territories used as the Buffer Zone by Israel.
 In 1964 the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was founded and began
guerrilla warfare against Israel.
 The 4th Arab-Israel war also known as Yom Kippur war took in 1973.

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 The none-Aligned movement: - is referred to as neutralism in international

relation It was peaceful policy by avoiding political affiliation with either of the
major blocs.

UNIT SEVEN

Africa since 1945

National independence movement
 The development of African nationalist movement aand anti-colonial struggle was the
effects of colonial exploitation and maladministration.
END OF WORLD WAR II THE TURING POINT
 The Second World War significantly changed global state affairs.
 Since 1945 the supremacy of the old colonial powers had been challenged by the
emergence of new global powers like Soviet Union and USA.
 After the Second World War colonialism in Africa was eradicated within few decade.
The factors that facilitated:-
 The political change and the spread of liberal thinking within the colonial countries.
 Many African people were active participant in the war.
 Positive example set by those Asian states stimulated the independence struggle in
Africa.
ITALIAN COLONIES –NORTH AND EAST AFRICA
 Libya had been an Italian colony since 1911. But in 1942 the allies’ force emailed
fascist and Nazi from Libya by the resistance leader of Sayid Indris.
 By the UN decided Libya should be independence in January 1952.
FRENCH COLONIES:-The liberation of French colonies in Africa began
in1950’s, French military defeat by Indo- China at the battle of Dieb Beinphu
in1940.
 The liberation struggle Morocco was led by Sultan Mohammed V and Morocco
declared their independence in 1956.
 In1956 Tunisia gained their independence under the leader of Habib Burgiba
 National Liberation Front of Algeria (NLFA) was led by Ahmed BenBella;
Algeria proclaimed their independence from French rule in 1962.

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 In 1958 French under President Charles De-Gaulle was prepared to grant

independence for her colonies in west and equatorial Africa, Guinea (Conakry)
used this opportunity led by Sekou Toure.

BIRITISH COLONIES WEST, EAST AND SOUTH AFRICA

 In Gold coast the struggle was first led by an organization called United Gold
coast Convention. However in 1949 Kwame Nkrumah left the gold coast
convention and organized the convention people party. Nkrumah became the
leader and gained their independence called the historic name of Ghana in 1957.
 In east Africa the British trust territory of Tanganyika African national union led
by Julius Nyerere.
 Tanganyika won its independence in 1961 and Zanzibar also became
independence in 1963. In 1964 the two independence state formed a federation
called Tanzania.
 Kenya organized a peasant nationalist movement called MauMau.
 MauMau was active between 1952 and1955.
 In 1960 Jemo Kenyata organized the Kenya African National Union
(KANU),Kenya won independence in 1963,Kenyata became the first president .
 Southern Rhodesia road to independence won the challenge of racist the white
settlers in 1965 under the leader ship of Iyan Smith. He declared Unilateral
Declaration of Independence (UDI).
 Long and better war was fought by Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU)
led by Robert Mugabe and Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU) led by
Joshua Nkomo. This better struggle brought the white minority rule to an end. The
majority rule was established in 1980, Mugabe became the first prime minister
and south Rhodesia adopted the name Zimbabwe.
 An organized struggle was conducted in North Rhodesia by the united National
Independence Party under the leader ship of Kenneth Kaunda. This struggle led
to North Rhodesia became independence in 1964, the name called Zambia.
 In 1964 Nyasaland became independence as Malawi, Hastings Kamuzu Banda
as it’s president.

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BELEGAIAN COLONIES
 One of the national independence parties emerged in Belgian Congo was the
Congolese National movement led by Patrice Lumumba. He developed anti-
imperialist and pan-African attitude.
 Following popular revolts Congo became independent in 1959.
 In 1970 Mubutu became president of Congo the name Zaire.
THE PORTUGESE COLONY
 The Portuguese were continued their colonial rule in Mozambique and Angola but
in 1974 the Portuguese government leader was known as Caetano over threw by a
cup leg by Antonio De Spinoka. Finally Portuguese lost their colony in1975.
SPANESH AND SOUTH AFRICAN CONTROLLEDTERRITORIES
 By 1919 the Versailles peace treaty at the end of WWI south west Africa was taken
away Germany put under the republic of south African military rule.
 In 1968 Spanish Guinea gained independence and renamed Equatorial Guinea.
 South-west Africa entered long and better war against republic of South Africa the
struggle was organized and led by south-west African people called SWAPO.
Finally South-West Africa won independence in 1990 it renamed Namibia.
APARTHIED IN SOUTH AFRICA
 After South Africa free from British rule in 1910, the African National Congress
(ANC) was formed in 1912, aimed struggle for the right of black population later
ANC crystallized it’s demand in to call for “One Man One Vote.”
 In 1952 ANC was ruled by Albert Luthuli and Nelson Mandela and Walter Sisulu
and Oliver Tambu waged a campaign of passive resistance to the various
discriminatory rules but the government continued with its repressive policy.
 The struggle of ANC finally bore fruit and Apartheid was abolished one man one
vote introduced in south Africa in 1994, Mandela became the first president.
PAN-AFRICANISM
 In 19th c some of the black people should unite independence of their common
interest and against racism.
 The first pan-African congress was led in London in1900.

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 One of the actions of this congress was to protest to British Queen Victoria against
racist rule in South Africa and Rhodesia.
 The second congress of pan-African was held Paris in 1919.
 The 3rd pan- African congress was held in London and Brussels.
 The 4th pan-African congress was held in London and Lisbon
 The 5th pan-African congress was held in New York in 1927.
 The 6th pan African congress was held in Manchester in 1945.
 The 1st and 2nd independent African state conference was held in Accra in Ghana
in 1958.Ethiopia, Egypt, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia
were attained the conference.
 In the main time regional group began to emerge in Africa. One of the regional
groups composed of ex-France colonies was Brazzaville group.
 Brazzaville group organized by France in 1944and further strengthened in 1958.
 Mali, Ghana, Guinea, Egypt, and Morocco held conference of their own Morocco
an town of Casablanca in 1961. They came to be known as Casablanca Group.
 Another group of African states met in the liberation capital of Monrovia. This
group constituted several independent African states including Ethiopia and
Liberia. The group was commonly known as the Monrovia Group. The
Brazzaville group members later joined this group. African state came together at
Addis Ababa and established the Organization of African Unity (OAU). In may
1963.
THE FORMATION OF OAU
 In 1960, 17 African countries won their independence. The long year of pan African the
movement led to establishment of OAU. OAU had signed by 31 independent states.
 The major objective of OAU were:-
-The promotion of unity and solidarity of African states.
-Elimination of colonialism in Africa.
-Retaining of existing boundaries
-Neutrality in cold war.

PROBLEMS OF OAU

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 Newly independent African countries share peoples who belong to the same ethnic
groups; this led to border conflict and war. Cause conflict was economic, political and
social in justice.
 Former colonial powers still maintain great influence on the affairs of African states.
SUCCESSES OF OAU
 Struggle the liberation from colonialism, i.e all Africans liberate from
colonialism.
 Intervened the war and save the problem.
Example:- Ethiopia and Somalia, Morocco and Nigeria and south Africa and
Namibia…..Etc.
UNIT EIGHT
CONLIDATION OF AUTORITY
 Emperor Haile Sellsie endeavored to lay the foundation for the consolidation of restored
autocracy.
 The main objective of the consolidation of autocracy were;-

-In providing political, economic, social and diplomatic situation that enable him to remain
an absolute monarch up to 1974.

 Economic development; - Agriculture has continued to be the dominant economic

activity in Ethiopia.
 After Ethiopia’s liberation a process of land privatization was pursued at an increasing
scale.
 The post -1941 Ethiopian economy grew at a very slaw rate. Ethiopia was economically
dependent and it’s debts increased steadily.
 There had been various opposition s against the Haile sellsie rule in the post liberation
period.
 The 1960 Coup detat was an open revolt causing crucial consequence
 The coups detat led by Birggadir General Girmame Neway and his brother Mengstu
Neway.
 On December 1960 the Coup detat maker proclaimed the establishment of new
government.

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 The Ethiopian student movement began the expansion of secondary and higher level
education in the post liberation Ethiopia.
 The Ethiopian student movement began in the 1950’s, when university students started to
demand improvement in education facilitated and survivals. First it was began the
university collage of Addis Ababa.
 The Gojjam peasant rebellion broke out in 1968.
 The immediate cause was a new agricultural income tax.
 The rebellion broke out in Mota and Dega Damot.
 As in Gojjam peasant rebellion of Bale had it’s roots in a vary system of feudal
exploitation and corrupt administration.
 The rebellion in Bale began in the frontier district of Elkere in 1963.
 By 1964 the rebellion was spread to other district of Bale
 There are various natural and human factors for the outbreak of famine. These were
drought, over population, deforestation and soil erosion. The year 1958-194 almost all
region of Ethiopia were affected by famine of varying degrees.
 The Eritrean problem:- British domination over Ethiopia, had also affected territorial
integrity of the country. Maim while two competing local groups emerged in Eritrea.
 One group supported union with Ethiopia, another group separatist partner. Therefore
both unionists and supporters of full independence in Eritrea were frustrated when
federation was used as a means of resolving the Eritrean question. Thus it started to
interfere in the internal affairs of Eritrea violating the principle of the federal act of 1952.
 Opposition to the imperial regime reached its peak in February 1974. In that year the
Ethiopian masses from different section of the society made a series of strike, protests
demonstration and demanded radical changes.
 The military rule 1979-91, After the formation of the PMAC the Derg took government
affairs. Though, it was un willing to hand over power to a civilian government the Derg
took some measure of reforms. These were: -A program to known as the development
through cooperation campaign was launched in December in 1974.

-In 1975 the military regime nationalized industries, banks and insurance companies.

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-In March 1975 a proclamation was issued on nationalization rural land and redistribution to the
landless pea

-A government controlled enterprise on July 1975 Urban land and extra houses were
nationalized. However, most of the measures taken by the Derg’s military dictatorship faced
several opposition. Like, TPLF, EPLF, OLF….ETC.

 Ethiopia became the target of Somali invasion since 1977, mass of mobilization was
carried out and military force was organized.
 Armed with Soviet weapons and trained by Soviet military experts, the Somali forces
penetrated in to Ethiopia across the ill defended Ogden area and even threatened Dire
Dawa and Harar.
 The military regime also strengthened its ties with Soviets, Cubans and south Yemen
helped the Derg a great deal beyond repulsing the Somali invasion.
 There were internal and external factors that precipitated the decline and fall of the
military regime.
 Internal factors were; the 1984famine, a program of resettlement and
the organization of different political parties against his ideology, like EPLF, TPLF,
OPDO and EDORM.
 International factors:-After 1985the year in which the Soviet leader Michael Gorbachev
introduced the restricting program called perestroika and Glasnost. The program brought
about the declined the communist system in the Soviet Union and in the rest of Eastern
Europe and there by resulted in the end of the Cold War.
 The first tasks were arranging a peace and democratic transitional conference was held in
Addis Ababa from July 1-5, 1991.
 On the basis of transitional character several measures were under taken by the
transitional government such as :-
 Dismantling the repressive organs of the Derg.
 Restoration law and order for a peaceful transition.
 Different political organization was established.
 Centralization economic system is abolished.

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 A constitutional commission was set to draft a constitution. The

draft constitution was ratified in December 1994.
I. GIVE SHORT ANSWER FOR THE FOLLOWING QUESTION S
1. In which parts of Africa did European colonizers met resistance to their expansion
between 1870 and914.
2. What were the major causes that led to the outbreak of First World War and identify the
immediate cause of the war?
3. Why did Germany declare war on Russia? And Britain declares war on Germany?
4. What was the effect of the First World War?
5. What were the basic differences between the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks?
6. Write the major cause of the 1905 Revolution?
7. What was the consequence of the Russian Revolution? What was the “Bloody Sunday?’’
8. Why did almost all African resistance at the early stage of colonial expansion fail?
9. What the major factor for the Ethiopian defeat in the war of 1935-1936?
10. What were the major causes for the outbreak of Second World War? What was the
immediate cause of the war?
11. What were the factors that led to decline of relationship between China and Soviet
Union?
12. Why the war in Indo-China was called the “dirty war”?
13. What did the U.S intend to achieve through it’s direct military intervention in South-East
Asia and the middle East?
14. Why did Britain allow the Jews to establish a national homeland in Palestine?
15. What were the major issues of disagreement between Israel and it’s neighboring Arab
state?
16. Why did the newly independent countries of Asia and Africa try to follow the policy of
neutralism during the cold war?, Which countries started this policy?
17. What were the main objectives for the establishment of the UN in1945?
18. What were the causes of the cold war?
19. What were the major problems of Africa right after the disintegration of colonialism?
20. What were the factors that led to the beginning of the student movement?
21. What were the common causes for the peasant rebellion in different regions of Ethiopia?

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22. What were the specific causes of the peasant rebellion in Gojjam and Bale?
23. What were the causes and consequences of the Ethio- Somalia war of1977?
II. FILL IN THE BLANK SPACE
1. The two occupied enemy territory of Ethiopia under the British administration following
the liberation of 1941 were___________________ and_________________
2. As SWAPO was for the liberation of Namibia______________ for the liberation of
Mozambique.
3. By _____________ Britain promised a home land to the Jews __________in Palestine.
4. The 1st Non-Aligned conference was held in ______________________in 1955.
5. What were the internal factor that helped the Italians to get Ethiopian collaborators?
6. The dominant powers in the Versailles were ___________and______________.
7. The League of nations gave the mandate of administrating the German colonies of
_______ and ___________ to Belgium
8. The three liberation forces which were among the founding members of the Transitional
government of Ethiopia included _______________, _________and ___________
9. ______________, ____________, ____________ were Casablanca group.
10. The Italian East African empire had six administrative division
were_________,__________, __________, _____________, _________, ___________,

III. Choose the best answers

1. The major source of hostility between France and Germany was over

A. The possession of Morocco C. The Congo Basin

B. The question of Alsace& Lorraine D. The Cameroons

2. The African struggle for independence became successful

A. Between the two world wars. C. After the Second World War

B. After the First World War D. After the Cold war

3. The Two main Imperialist group up to the First World War were

A. France and Britain B. Germany and Britain and Germany

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D. The Triple Alliance and Triple Entente

4. The Egyptian delegates went to the Versailles peace conference to demand for Egyptian
Independence As result,

A. Egyptian Independence As a result,

B. The League of Nations considered the Egyptian demands

C. The members of the delegates were deported to the island of Malta.

D. The delegates were able to demand for the independence of the Arab states

E. All

5. Which one of the following was on act of violation of the Versailles Treaty by Nazi
Germany?

A. Reinstating conscriptions D. all

B. Re conquest of the Rhine Land

C. Refusal to pay war indemnity.

6. The failure of League of Nations to stop aggressive actions of militant nations was evident in

A. Fascist invasion of Ethiopia. D.all

B. Japanese invasion of Manchuria

C. German Annexation of
Czechoslovakia

7. The Chinese communist party started its struggle from

A. Its rural base C. Beijing

B. The soviet union D. Factory centers
8. By the camp David Agreement of 1978

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A. The Arab recognized the state of C. Egypt gave recognition to the

Israel. state of Israel.
B. The Arab and Jews agreed on D. Jerusalem was restored to the
the Partition plan. Arab state in Palestine

9. The war in Vietnam came to an end

A. When Ho Chi Minh died to an C. With the victory of the

end Vietnamese.
B. When the Americans reduced D. When the Soviet Union involved
their army by half in the conflict

10. The Secretary General of the UN is

A. Nominated by the secretariat C. Appointed by General Assembly.

B Recommended by the Super power D. Appointed by the Veto Power

Countries Countries

11. At the end of the Korean War

A. The communist state of Korea was C. Part of Korea was incorporated into
created china.

B. South Korea for the first time emerged as D. Korea was officially divided into north
a satellite state for the U.S.A and south.

12. The USA and the Soviet Union

A. Supported the colonial powers in the C. Were against the anti colonial struggle
struggle for independence.
D. Were in favor of the decolonization
B. Had no colonies in Africa
E. B and D

13. The Monrovia Group

A. Totally opposed the independence of B. Preferred to put more emphasis on

Africa solving internal problems than aspiring for
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continental union D. Were against any form of regional

C. Wanted to remain under French organization E. None
domination

14. The Second World War

A. Resulted in the emergence of two super A. demanded for the end of apartheid rule
powers in South Africa

B. Undermined the political position of the B. Had mainly anti –colonial agenda
colonial powers

C. Encouraged the liberation of colonial

C. Was attended by African and American
peoples
delegates
D. Was followed by the cold war E.All
D. Was held to abolish racial discrimination
15. The sixth pan-African congress in the world E. All

16... During the Congo Crisis

A. The UN intervened to stop the disintegration of the country

B. Moise Tshombe sought to secede Katanga from Cong C. Ethiopian troops fought in
Congo for the D. Integrity of that country

17. Which one of the following measures of the Derg marked a radical change in the economic
foundation of Ethiopian feudalism?

A. Settlement and Villagization

B. Nationalization and redistribution of rural land
C. Establishment of cooperatativ farms
D. Development through campaing

18. Which one of the forces of opposition to the autocratic state of Ethiopia launched its struggle
at both National and International arena?

A. The Imperial Bodyguard B. The Woyane Peasant Rebellion of 1943

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C. The Ethiopian student movement D. The territorial Army and Air for

19. An immerse foreign investment on Ethiopian education at secondary and tertiary levels by in
the three decade after liberation was made by

A.U.S.A B. Britain C. F D. Norway

20. The Slogan ‘Land to tiller’ in the struggle against the autocratic rule of Haile Selassie was
highly publicized by

A. The 1960 coup markers C. British documentary film on famine

B. Peasant Rebellion of Bale and Gojjam. D. The Ethiopian student

21. Unlike her colonial adventure in Ethiopian during the last quarter of the 19th century Italy’s
aggressive moves of the 20th century did not see

A. Subversive activity among the D. The chance of establishing stable

Ethiopian. colonial administration
B. Friendly gestures towards
Ethiopia.
C. Diplomatic support of other
colonial powers.
22. Which one of the following personalities lost his life fighting for his country’s independence
during the 1930’s?

A. Ras Hailu C. Dejach Balcha Safo

B. Dejach Haile Selassie Gugsa D. Dejach Ayalew Biru

23. Members of the Black lion were known for all of the following but.

A. Pro-monarchical commitments

B. Military confrontation with the Fascists

C. Failure to combine military and political organization

D. Uniting officers and civilian patriotic resistance

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