CH 5 Tutorial 2014
CH 5 Tutorial 2014
CH 5 Tutorial 2014
p. 1
T(x) = Cx
d 2u
dx 2
T 0
at x 0
and
EA
du
0
dx
at x L
(a) Derive the above equation and boundary conditions based on structural
mechanics.
(b) Derive also the exact solution by integrating the governing equation.
(c) The following quadratic polynomial is used as the trial solution:
a0 a1 x a2 x 2 . Make use of the boundary conditions to reduce the
number of unknown coefficients and simply the trial function.
(d) Use the following methods to obtain an approximate solution for the axial
displacement and compare with the exact solution graphically.
(i) Collocation method (use midpoint as the collocation point)
(ii) Least square method
(iii) Galerkin method (use the trial function in part c as the weighting
function)
p. 2
Plot the above solutions to compare with the exact solution u = x4-1.
x= 5
x= 15
Figure 1
The governing equation is written as
EA( x )
d 2u
dx 2
(1)
(a) Adopt a two-node rod element with a linear displacement function, i.e.
u = N1u1 + N2u2
Use Galerkin method to formulate the finite element matrices (or
equations) for this problem. In other words, for a typical finite element
of length L, derive the element matrices such that
p. 3
k e ue f e
(b)
Divide the tapered bar into three finite elements of equal length. Use
the element matrices that you have derived to obtain the axial
displacement for the following case.
F = 100, A(x) = 2.5+0.5x, E = 200 x 103
Note that the origin of x is offset from the bar. The properties are
assumed to be constant in a finite element. Use the average value of
EA (across the element length) in each finite element, but the EA value
may vary from element to element.
4.
The one-dimensional equation for a convection-diffusion problem can be
written in terms of unknown C, which stands for concentration of a substance (e.g.
salt), as follows.
dC( x ) d
V (x)
dx
dx
dC ( x )
D( x ) dx KC( x ) m
x [ L, L]
(a)
(b)
(c)
5.
3 x u( x) u "( x) 2 3x3 0
(a)
p. 4
for
0 x 1
Divide the domain into several elements. For a typical element, let
n
Now two equal-length elements are used. Adopt two linear trial functions
N1(x) and N2(x) for each element and let a represent the solutions for u at
the nodes (as in typical finite element analysis). For each typical element,
N1(x) =1-x/L and N2(x)=x/L, where x is the local coordinate defined from
the left node of the element and L is the element length. Assemble the
element solutions to form the global system of equations: K u F . Use
exact integration where possible.
(c)
u 0 at x 0
and
(B)
u 1 at x 1 .