Framework User Manual Appendix B3 Preliminary

SESAM USER MANUAL
Framework
Appendix B3
Automatic buckling factor calculation
DNV Software, SESAM, Framework documentation,

Automatic buckling length calculations, page 1 of 10
AUTOMATIC BUCKLING LENGTH CALCULATION in Framework

How to use the automatic buckling length (effective length factor) facility.
The automatic buckling length calculation feature is activated in a similar way as other stability
parameters. The command is:
ASSIGN STABILITY ( ) BUCKLING-LENGTH AUTOMATIC
The ( ) means the set of current active members. The member effective length factors are then
automatically calculated based on member support spring stiffnesses and axial loading condition.
The effective length factors (by default set to 1.0 for both y and z axes) are not in use for members
with the automatic calculation activated. One exception is when / if the automatic buckling calculation
fails. The buckling length will then be equal to the member length multiplied with the manually given
effective length factors, and one of the following messages will be printed.
For a complex load cases:
Automatic buckling length calculation has failed for member mem-name, loadcase lcs-name,
phase no. xx. Member length used.
For a non-complex load cases:
Automatic buckling length calculation has failed for member mem-name, loadcase lcs-name.
Member length used.
The in-plane buckling effective length factor (in Framework denoted ky) is associated with bending
moment about local y-axis, i.e. buckling in the x-z plane.
The out-of-plane buckling effective length factor (in Framework denoted kz) is associated with
bending moment about local z-axis, i.e. buckling in the x-y plane.
Note that all members in Framework (members automatically defined from each beam element when
the Framework model is established, and members spanning more than one beam element, either
defined in Preframe or in Framework (CREATE MEMBER COMBINE-AUTOMATIC or CREATE
MEMBER mem.name description start-jnt end-jnt)) will be treated as one composed member.
The local x-z plane defines the in-plane for the considered member. The in-plane reference direction is
given by the command:
ASSIGN LOCAL-COORDINATE-SYSTEM mem-name Z-AXIS JOINT jnt-no.
The other options for assigning local coordinates may as well be used. Elements which have been
given local coordinates in Preframe (either by program default or user defined) does not need to be
assigned local coordinates in Framework.
The automatic buckling factor option calculates buckling factors for each element which is part of the
member. In the code check, the critical axial capacity is calculated at each code check position based
on where the position is located, i.e. at which element the check position is located.
For each code check run, the calculated spring stiffnesses and buckling factors may be written to a
separate file. The files will be named to identify the different runs according to the following naming
convention: run-nameBUCK.TMP. Activate this option by the command:
DEFINE BUCKLING-LENGTH-DUMP ON

An alternative to the ASSIGN STABILITY ( ) BUCKLING-LENGTH AUTOMATIC is also

available. The alternative command is:
ASSIGN STABILITY ( ) BUCKLING-LENGTH LATERAL-SUPPORT-AUTO
When this command is used, the rotational and lateral spring stiffnesses are not calculated by the
program. The lateral springs are under this condition set to 1.0 (i.e. pinned supported), and the
rotational stiffnesses are set to 0.0 (i.e. free) for start and end node of the member, and the eigenvalue
analysis and effective length factors are calculated based on these end supports only. Hence, this
option may be used to neglect the stiffness of incoming members on intermediate nodes, or in cases
where the rotational stiffness of the member start and end shall be neglected. The latter case is relevant
for a jacket leg between horizontal levels.

Calculation of buckling length (effective length factor).

The buckling parameter is calculated using an eigenvalue analysis.
(K
K g r = 0
where:
Ke :
Elastic stiffness matrix of composite member.
Kg :
Geometric stiffness matrix of composite member.
Eigenvalue (critical axial compressive force )
r:
Eigenvectors.
The critical axial compressive force will be equal in every beam element which is a part of the
member. This is due to the fact that the member is regarded as one system, hence if one single member
(beam element) in the member reaches the critical axial force, the member itself has reached the
critical axial force also.
P1
P1
P2
We have :
P3
P3
P2
= Pcr1 = Pcr 2 = Pcr3
The buckling factors are found by using the Euler buckling capacity formulae:
Pcr =
2 EI
( kl ) 2
= Pcr =
2 EI1
2 EI2
2 EI3
( k1l1 ) 2 ( k 2 l2 ) 2 ( k 3l3 ) 2
From these relations the different effective length factors may be found. Note that the effective length
factors for the different beam elements are dependant of the axial load in the beam.
Framework calculates the supporting spring stiffnesses automatically. The planes in which the
springs acts are given by the in-plane and out-of-plane definition for the member.

Calculation of rotational spring stiffness.

The rotational spring stiffnesses (end restraints) are calculated according to NPD 1997 section 3.2.4.
Ex.:
C31
Considered member
C34 C2
C33
C32
1
1
1
=
+
C C1 C 2
C:
Rotational spring stiffness for considered member. To be used for calc. of buckling
length.
C2:
Local rotational stiffness of considered member (according to NPD 3.2.4.2)
C1 :
Total effective rotational stiffness of restraining members. (NPD 3.2.4.1)
li
1
C1 =
+
C3i
i =1 NEI i
4
where i is a reduction factor = (fk - c) / fk and

fk = characteristic stress for stability control
c = compressive stress
C3i :
Local rotational stiffness at the connection between member and the chord. In the
example C33 = C 34 = . C31 and C32 are calc. according to NPD 3.2.4.2.

The example shown is valid for buckling in the chord-brace plane. The global rotational stiffness when
buckling in the chord-brace plane is written as:
C g(inp) =
NEIa i
li
, N = 3.5 (see NPD rules)
Out of the chord-brace plane the rotational stiffness is written as:
C g(out) =
GI t a i
li
where:
G:
Shear modulus.
It:
Torsional moment of inertia.
Only those members which are in the same plane as the considered member and the chord will be
taken into account when calculating the global rotational stiffness. This simplification will have only
minor effect on the total rotational stiffness. The reason for this is that it is the local rotational
stiffnesses in the joint that are dominating.
The rotational stiffness is calculated in (local x-z plane) and out (local x-y plane) of the plane. The in plane may form an angle with the plane defined by the considered member and the chord.
For determining the rotational stiffnesses in and out of the defined plane the global rotational stiffness
may be written as:
In the defined plane:
C g(inp) =
NEI i a i
GI a
cos 2 ( ) + ti i sin 2 ( )
li
li
Out of the defined plane:
C g(out) =
NEI i a i
GI a
sin 2 ( ) + ti i cos 2 ( )
li
li
Including the local rotational stiffnesses we will get:

Total rotational stiffness for restraining members in plane:
1
NEI a
GI tia i
2
2
i i
=
cos ( ) +
sin ( ) + C 3i(inp)cos 2 ( ) + C 3i(out)sin 2 ( )
l
l
i =1
i
i
C1(inp)
Total rotational stiffness for restraining members out of plane:

1
NEI a
GI tia i
2
2
i i
C1(out) =
sin ( ) +
cos ( ) + C 3i(inp)sin 2 ( ) + C 3i(out)cos 2 ( )
l
l
i =1
i
i
Local stiffness of considered member:

In plane:
C2(loc.inp) = C2(inp) cos2 ( ) + C2(out) sin 2 ( )

C2(loc.out) = C2( inp) sin 2 ( ) + C2(out) cos2 ( )
Out of plane:
The total rotational stiffness may now be derived from:
In plane:
1
1
1
C(inp) = C1( inp) + C2( loc.inp)
Out of plane:
1
1
1
C(out) = C1( out) + C2(loc. out)
These rotational stiffnesses are then added to the corresponding degree of freedom in the stiffness
matrix before running the eigenvalue analysis.
The theory for calculation of rotational spring stiffness is given above. However the interpretation and
assumptions made for calculation of the rotational spring stiffness are not given by the theory alone.
The program needs to make some assumptions and also simplifications with respect to the model.
m 15
m1
m4
m1
12
m2
m3
m9
m8
11
m10 m
m1
m5
From the figure above the task will be to get the rotational spring stiffness for the member m12 . The
global rotational stiffness is found by considering the restraining members for m12 . The restraining
members for m12 will be m1 , m6 , m8 ,and m2 .

Calculation of lateral spring stiffness.
L2
L1
The lateral spring stiffness is calculated using the formulae:
k out =
48 EI Pe + P
P
( l 1 + l 2 )3
e
, P > 0 (tension )
k out =
48 EI Pc + P
P
( l 1 + l 2 )3
e
, P < 0 (compression )
where:
l1 :
length of first restraining member.
l2 :
length of second restraining member (must be parallel and attached to first member)
P:
Average axial force in restraining members.
I:
Average moment of inertia of restraining members.
Pe :
Elastic buckling capacity (Euler).
Pc :
Characteristic buckling capacity.
Reference is made to "Arne Selberg, Stlkonstruksjoner, page 398", see ref. [1].
In the example as shown above the lateral spring stiffness in plane will reach infinity. This is provided
in the eigenvalue analysis by deleting the row and column in the elastic and geometric stiffness matrix
that corresponds to this degee of freedom.
The formulae given will only give contribution to the lateral stiffness provided that there exist a
member parallel and attached to the restraining member.

Ex.:
The restraining members must also have lateral supports if they shall give any contribution to the
lateral stiffness.
Ex:
No support (free end)
In the two examples shown the lateral spring stiffness in the intersection of the members will be equal
zero.

Dump data of spring stiffnesses and buckling factors.

For each member code check run, spring stiffnesses and buckling factors (for each loadcase and phase
angle if complex loadcase) may be written to file. Buckling factors are reported for each beam element
within the member. The files will be named to identify the different runs according to the following
naming convention: run-nameBUCK.TMP. The example print below is given for a member named
M1 and loadcase no. 1. The member consist of three beam elements, no. 5, 6 and 7 (the elements have
equal length, cross section and axial compressive force, hence equal buckling factors for all three
parts).
Member
M1
Loadcase
--------------------------------------------------------------LAT INP
1.000000
0.000000E+00
0.000000E+00
1.000000
1.000000
0.000000E+00
0.000000E+00
1.000000
5.305613E+08
0.000000E+00
0.000000E+00
5.305623E+08
0.000000E+00
0.000000E+00
1.198213E+08
LAT OUT
ROT INP
ROT OUT
1.198211E+08
BUCKI (ky)
BUCKO (kz)
ELEMENT 5
2.469703
2.836213
ELEMENT 6
2.469703
2.836213
ELEMENT 7
2.469702
2.836212
References
[1]
Arne Selberg, Stlkonstruksjoner, TAPIR, Trondheim, Norway, 1971


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SESAM USER MANUAL

DNV Software, SESAM, Framework documentation,

AUTOMATIC BUCKLING LENGTH CALCULATION in Framework

DNV Software, SESAM, Framework documentation,

An alternative to the ASSIGN STABILITY ( ) BUCKLING-LENGTH AUTOMATIC is also

DNV Software, SESAM, Framework documentation,

Calculation of buckling length (effective length factor).

Elastic stiffness matrix of composite member.

Geometric stiffness matrix of composite member.

Eigenvalue (critical axial compressive force )

= Pcr1 = Pcr 2 = Pcr3

DNV Software, SESAM, Framework documentation,

Calculation of rotational spring stiffness.

Local rotational stiffness of considered member (according to NPD 3.2.4.2)

Total effective rotational stiffness of restraining members. (NPD 3.2.4.1)

where i is a reduction factor = (fk - c) / fk and

DNV Software, SESAM, Framework documentation,

, N = 3.5 (see NPD rules)

Out of the chord-brace plane the rotational stiffness is written as:

Torsional moment of inertia.

Out of the defined plane:

Including the local rotational stiffnesses we will get:

Total rotational stiffness for restraining members out of plane:

Local stiffness of considered member:

C2(loc.inp) = C2(inp) cos2 ( ) + C2(out) sin 2 ( )

C2(loc.out) = C2( inp) sin 2 ( ) + C2(out) cos2 ( )

The total rotational stiffness may now be derived from:

DNV Software, SESAM, Framework documentation,

Calculation of lateral spring stiffness.

The lateral spring stiffness is calculated using the formulae:

length of first restraining member.

Average axial force in restraining members.

Average moment of inertia of restraining members.

Elastic buckling capacity (Euler).

Characteristic buckling capacity.

DNV Software, SESAM, Framework documentation,

DNV Software, SESAM, Framework documentation,

Dump data of spring stiffnesses and buckling factors.

Arne Selberg, Stlkonstruksjoner, TAPIR, Trondheim, Norway, 1971

DNV Software, SESAM, Framework documentation,

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