Biology Summer Homework

2014

By Ana Zamora

Biology Summer Homework

2014

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING ORGANISMS

1. List and describe the characteristics of living organisms.

CLASSIFICATION AND DIVERSITY OF LIVING ORGANISMS

Concept and use of classificatory system
2.- Define and describe Binomial system

By Ana Zamora

Biology Summer Homework

2014

3.- How many classification systems do you know?

Ill give you one and you should be able to name at least one more.
i.- The five Kingdoms
ii.-..

4.- How cells and organisms are adapted to their environment. Give at least 5 examples of cells and
5 examples of organisms (animals or plants) and describe their adaptations.

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Biology Summer Homework

2014

5.- Identify Bird X using the dichotomous key:

ORGANISATION AND MANTEINANCE OF THE ORGANISM

Cell structure and organization
6.- Examples of levels of organisation

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Biology Summer Homework

Example

Animal

2014

Plants

Cell
Tissue
Organ
System of organs
Organism

7.- Animal cell vs Plant cell. Complete the diagrams

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Biology Summer Homework

2014

Magnification

Using the formula given above,

calculate the Actual size of the

Streptococcus pyogenes

X70000

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2014

Biology Summer Homework

Movement in and out cells

8.- The diagram shows a vessel which contains

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a concentrated and a dilute solution separated

by a partially permeable membrane.

Draw asimilar diagram to show the liquid levels after

an hour or two.

Dilute solution

Concentrated2solution

9.- The drawing shows the outline of a human cell.

Copy the drawing and make two further drawings to show

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Biology Summer Homework

2014

how the cell would appear if it were to be immersed for a

few minutes in a solution with
(a) a lower osmotic potential (water potential) than its own cytoplasm
(b) a higher osmotic potential (water potential) than its own cytoplasm.

Enzymes (Using the text book)

The effect of temperature enzymes (read page 34 and answer the questions below):
10.- What is meant by the term denaturing?

11.- Why cant an enzyme function as a catalyst if it is denatured?

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Biology Summer Homework

2014

12.- Copy figure 3.3 (from your text book):

13.- Explain why the rate of reaction increases as the temperature rises from 0 40oC:

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Biology Summer Homework

2014

14.- Explain why the rate of reaction falls after 40oC:

.

15.- Explain why there is no reaction at all at 60oC:

16.- What is meant by the optimum temperature for an enzyme?

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Biology Summer Homework

2014

The effect of pH enzymes?

(read page 35 and answer the questions below):
17.- What is pH?

18.- State how we would classify the solutions below in terms of their pH?

a) A solution of pH7 is: __________________________________________________

b) A solution with a pH below 7 is: _________________________________________

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Biology Summer Homework

2014

c) A solution with a pH above 7 is: _________________________________________

19.- Copy figure 3.4:

i) What is the pH range for pepsin?

_____________________________________________________________________

ii)What is the optimum pH for pepsin?

_____________________________________________________________________

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Biology Summer Homework

2014

20.- What does washing powder detergent do?

21.- What are stains from blood and egg yolk contain?

22.- A group of enzymes called proteases break down proteins. These are used in biological washing
powder. How do proteases help remove stains.

23.- Biological washing powder also contains lipase. What does this enzyme do?

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Biology Summer Homework

2014

24.- Why is the enzyme pectinase useful in producing fruit juice?

25.- Why is lactase used to break down lactose in some milk products?

26.- Why is it more useful to produce enzymes from micro-organisms rather than manufacture a
single kind of enzyme?

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Biology Summer Homework

2014

27.- What is the container called in which microorganisms are grown?

28.- Label the diagram of the fermenter:

Photosynthesis, Plant Transport and Plant Nutrition

29.- Definition, word equation and balanced equation:

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Biology Summer Homework

2014

30.- Leaf structure. Labeled diagram.

31.- Description of symptoms of mineral deficiency in plants:

N:....
Mg: .....
K:.
P:.

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Biology Summer Homework

2014

32.- Describe the intake of Carbon Dioxide and Water by the plants
Carbon Dioxide

.....

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Water

.....................

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............

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Biology Summer Homework

2014

............
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............

33.- Identify Xylem and Phloem en the diagrams below:

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Biology Summer Homework

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2014

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Biology Summer Homework

2014

34.- Identify a hair root cell in the diagram below and state its function:

35.- How could you investigate the pathway taken by water through root, stem and leaf?
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Biology Summer Homework

2014

............
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............

36.- Define transpiration and explain the mechanism of water uptake and movent from the soli to the
leaves in a plant.
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Biology Summer Homework

2014

............

37.- Define translocation, source and sink.

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Animal nutrition

38.- Which of the following are not rich in carbohydrate: bread, fish, potatoes, beans, meat,
lettuce, sugar, biscuits?
.
(a) Carbohydrates contain the elements ... , .. and

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Biology Summer Homework

2014

(b) Proteins contain these elements but also ... and .

39.- Name the mineral elements needed by :

(i) bones, (ii) red blood cells, (iii) the thyroid gland

40.- Which of these elements is (i) present in milk, (b) lacking in milk?

41.- State one benefit of including vegetable fibre (roughage) in the diet..

42.- Which vitamin helps to maintain resistance to infectious diseases? .

43.- Name two foods which are a good source of this vitamin. ......

44.- Which vitamin is necessary for the proper development of the skeleton?...............................
45.- Name two foods which are a good source of this vitamin.......

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Biology Summer Homework

2014

46.- A balanced diet must contain enough energy to meet the body's needs. What else must it
contain?

47.- Could you survive on a diet which contained no carbohydrate?

48.- Describe test for :

Reducing sugars, Proteins, Starch and Fats

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Biology Summer Homework

2014

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Biology Summer Homework

2014

49.- Definition of balanced diet

............
............

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Biology Summer Homework

2014

............
............
50.- Effects of malnutrition:
Starvation .....
............
............
............
Coronary heart
Disease............................
............
............
............
Obesity.......
............
............
............
Constipation..
............
............

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Biology Summer Homework

2014

............

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Biology Summer Homework

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2014

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Biology Summer Homework

2014

51.- Definitions:
Ingestion.
............
............
Egestion..
............
............

52.- Identify the studied regions of the alimentary canal.

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53.- Saliva is produced in the .................................by ................................. ..............................

and
contains the enzyme..........................................that hydrolyze..................................
The bolus moves from the moth to the............................through the..............................The
movement that makes possible this is called....................................

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By Ana Zamora

Biology Summer Homework

2014

The gastric juice is secreted to the.........................................and contains..............................and

................................. In the sctomach, the...................................are going to be hydrolyzed.
The pancreas produces........................... juice which is secrete to the............................and
contains.............................
The liver produces.........................which is stored temporarily in the .........................and secreted to
the........................
Assimilation or Absorption takes place in the........................................The food molecules will go
through the wall of the intestine into the............or lymph.
Reabsorption of most of the water takes place in the......................................
The processthat removes non digested food is called.........................................

Circulatory system
54.- (i) Name the structures
(ii) Color in blue the parts of the heart and vessels carrying deoxygenated blood and in
red thparts and vessels with oxygenated blood.

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Biology Summer Homework

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Biology Summer Homework

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Biology Summer Homework

2014

56.- Fill the gaps and name the process described below:

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By Ana Zamora

Biology Summer Homework

2014

Respiration and Gas exchange

57.- Define:
Respiration
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Aerobic Respiration
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Anaerobic Respiration
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By Ana Zamora

Biology Summer Homework

2014

Anaerobic Respiration in muscles cells

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Anaerobic Respiration in yeasts and hair root cells
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58.- Name, in the correct order, the structures that incoming air would pass through between
the nasal cavity and the alveolus.
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59.- What is the function of the rings of cartilage in the respiratory passages?
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By Ana Zamora

Biology Summer Homework

2014

60.-Using the words 'cilia' and 'mucus', describe, very briefly, how the body gets rid of dust
which enters the lungs.
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61.- Which of the following is correct. When we inhale:
(a) our intercostal muscles contract and our ribs move down
(b) our diaphragm muscles contract and the ribs move up
(c) our diaphragm muscles contract and the ribs move down
(d) our intercostal muscles contract and the diaphragm muscles relax.

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By Ana Zamora

Biology Summer Homework

2014

Excretory System
62.- Blood in the renal vein differs from that in the renal artery by having
(a) less oxygen, more carbon dioxide and less urea
(b) more oxygen, 'more carbon dioxide and less urea
(c) less oxygen, less carbon dioxide and less urea
(d) less oxygen, more carbon dioxide and more urea,

63.- In what ways is water lost from the body?

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64.- If the concentration of solutes in the blood rises above a certain level, then
(a) more water is reabsorbed in the kidney tubules
(b) less water is reabsorbed in the kidney tubules
(c) more salt is reabsorbed in the kidney tubules
(d) less glucose is reabsorbed in the kidney tubules,

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By Ana Zamora

Biology Summer Homework

2014

65.- In a dialysis machine, which one of the following combination of substances is allowed to escape
from the patient's blood into the bathing solution?
(a) Salts, water and glucose.
(b) Salts, urea and glucose.
(c) Water, urea and uric acid.
(d) Water, uric acid and glucose.

66.- Complete the table:

Structure

Function

Glomerulus
Reabsorption
Collecting Duct
Carries urine to the bladder
Urethra

67.- Name the labeled structures:.

The Kidney:
A.B.C.-

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D.E.F.-

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Biology Summer Homework

2014

Male and female excretory systems

(numbers belong to the same
structures in both diagrams)
1.2.3.4.-

68.- Questions Homeostasis

a) What is hypothermia?
b) Why are old people particularly at risk from hypothermia?
c) Why do you think children lose heat very quickly?

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By Ana Zamora

Biology Summer Homework

2014

69.- This diagram shows how body temperature is controlled.

(Question 69)

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By Ana Zamora

Biology Summer Homework

2014

a) Use this information to explain how humans control body temperature.

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By Ana Zamora

Biology Summer Homework

2014

b) B) Explain how shivering affects body temperature.

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c) How does the liver contribute to body heat?

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d) Use the diagram to explain the meaning of negative feedback.

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By Ana Zamora

Biology Summer Homework

2014

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70.- What is diabetes?

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By Ana Zamora

Biology Summer Homework

2014

71.- Using a diagram, explain how level of glucose in blood is regulated.

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By Ana Zamora