Theory of Translation
Theory of Translation
Theory of Translation
Geographical terms
Peoples name
Zoonyms
Social terms
Ergonyms
Transcription, transliteration
Calque
Half-calque
Assimilation
Semantic neologism
Hyponymic
Means of attaining adequacy and equivalency in translation.
Translation theorists have long disputed the interrelation of the two
terms. V. Komissarov considers them to denote non-identical but
closely related notions. He claims that adequate translation is
broader in meaning than equivalent translation. Adequate
translation is good translation, as it provides communication in
full. Equivalent translation is the translation providing the
semantic identity of the target and source texts. Two texts may be
equivalent in meaning but not adequate, for example:
: . Nikita threatened ,
Ill put the fear of God into you! The Russian sentence is low
colloquial, whereas the English one, though it describes a similar
situation, has another stylistic overton.
Y. Retsker states that the notion of adequate translation comprises
that of equivalent. According to him, an adequate target text
describes the same reality as does the source text and at the
same time it produces the same effect upon the receptor.
Editing of tr. ()
Methods of investigation:
Functional
Contextual
Structural
Comparative
1. KOMISSAROV distinguishes between literary and informative
translation and between written and oral translation (or
interpretation), on the other hand.
Literary translation deals with literary texts, i.e. works of
fiction or poetry whose main function is to make an emotional
impression upon the reader. Their communicative value
depends, first and foremost, on their artistic quality and the
translator's primary task is to reproduce this quality in
translation.
O-w
W-w
W-o
2. NEWMARK goes on to refer to the following methods of
translation (what is emphasis?):
Word-for-word translation: in which the SL word order is
preserved and the words translated singly by their most
common meanings, out of context.
Literal translation: in which the SL grammatical
constructions are converted to their nearest TL equivalents, but
the lexical words are again translated singly, out of context.
Faithful translation: it attempts to produce the precise
contextual meaning of the original within the constraints of the
TL grammatical structures.
Semantic translation: which differs from 'faithful translation'
only in as far as it must take more account of the aesthetic
value of the SL text.