III Theme1

МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ
ДВНЗ «УЖГОРОДСЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ»

ФАКУЛЬТЕТ МІЖНАРОДНИХ ВІДНОСИН
КАФЕДРА ТЕОРІЇ ТА ПРАКТИКИ ПЕРЕКЛАДУ
Translation as a Notion
and Subject
Старший викладач
Калинич І.Й.
Ужгород – 2018
Outline
1. Translation as a notion
2. The importance of translating/ interpreting
3. Translation as a subject
4. Glossary

Translation as a notion
may denote:
the process of conveying the meaning of a word/
word-group from one language into another
the result of this process
the subject taught at school
translation vs interpretation
Translation study
is an interdiscipline containing elements of social

science and the humanities, dealing with the
systematic study of the theory, the description
and the application of translation, interpreting or
both these activities
Translation studies
normative
(prescribing rules
for the application
of these activities) descriptive
As an interdiscipline, translation study borrows
much from
 comparative language studies,

 computer science,
 history,
 linguistics,
 philology,
 philosophy,
 semiotics,
 terminology, and so forth
Within the communication theory of translation
a language may be regarded as a specific

code intended for information exchange
between its users (language speakers)
a message sender to a message reciever
encodes decodes
using the same code (language)

The communication variety with one common
language is referred to as the
monolingual communication
bilingual communication
involves two l-ges (codes)
translation
is bilingual communication that involves a
third actor, the translator
• A language is a specific code. As opposed
to other codes a l-ge produces originally
ambiguous messages which are specified
against context, situation and
background information.
Linguistic context
a narrow context, or microcontext and a
broad or macrocontext
Macrocontext is a
linguistic context of
Microcontext is a the given unit
context of a word beyond the
combination or a sentence.
sentence (a set of sentences,
a paragraph, a
chapter or the
whole piece)
Situational or extra-linguistic
context includes the situation, time
and place which the statement refers
to as well as any facts of reality
(background information) the
knowledge of which helps the reciever
(and translator) to interpret the
meaning of language units used in the
statement.
Translation:
intermediation, negotiation, communication
Intermediation:
between individuals and communities,
the original and the translated text
Negotiation:
an investigation of equivalents of linguistic
systems,
rendering cultural elements,
“losses” of translation between two parties
Communication:
between different cultures, communities,
individuals, ensuring information and knowledge
flow
An object of linguistic study
 elements and structures of the source text;
 elements and structures of the target text;
 transformation rules;
 systems of the languages involved in translation;
 conceptual content and organization of the
source text;
 conceptual content and organization of the target
text;
 interrelation of the conceptual contents of the
source and target texts.
Translation studies both the interacting elements
and the rules of interaction.
The process of translation consists of three stages:
analysis of the source text, situation and

background information
synthesis of the translation model
verification of the model against the source and target context

(semantic, grammatical, stylistic), situation, and background
information resulting in generation of the final text
2. Significance of Translating/Interpreting
Not a single contact at the international level or even

between two people speaking different languages can
be established or maintained without the help of
translators/interpreters.
Translating/interpreting is important for the work of

international bodies (World Peace Council, the UN,
international conferences, symposia, committees, etc.)
National economies could not follow the up-to-date

developments in the world science and technology
without involving translators/interpreters on regular
basis.
2. Significance of Translating/Interpreting
The social and political role of translating/interpreting

is as follows: it helps to create the concept of humanity
as the world community.
Translating/interpreting is the means of sharing

national cultures as well as a means of enriching the
lexicon of national languages with new words.
Among the disciplines studying translation linguists distinguish:
general theory of translation which investigates

theories of equivalents, of translation process and of
correspondencies
specific theory of translation which investigates

regularities of tr-ng from one certain l-ge into some
other one,
the practice of tr-n which covers various textbooks for

schoolchildren, students, translators,
Among the disciplines studying translation linguists distinguish:
history of tr-n which may be devided into:

• territorial,
• social,
• genre (tr-ns of fiction, newspapers, scientific papers,
etc.)
• l-ge (development of tr-n on a specific l-ge)
tr-n criticism
methods of teaching tr-n according to: levels (school,

students), purpose (poetry, prose, synchronic tr-n, oral,
written, etc.)
exact/accurate
translation/interpretation
точний переклад
faithful адекватний
translation/interpretation переклад
free adaptation/free
перелицювання
interpretation
free
interpretation/interpreting вільний переказ
free/loose translation вільний переклад
consecutive послідовний
translating/interpreting переклад
descriptive
описовий переклад
translation/translating
good/successful
вдалий переклад
translation
independent самостійний
translation/translating переклад
interlinear підрядковий
translation/translating переклад/підрядник
interpreting/interpreter тлумачення/тлумач
interpretation/oral
усний переклад
translating
literal буквальний
verbal
дослівний переклад
literary літературний
literary artistic
художній переклад
off-hand переклад без

translating/interpreting підготовки
вільна переробка
rehash
твору (в перекладі)
sight
translation/interpreting at переклад з аркуша
sight
the source language мова оригіналу,

(SL) вихідна мова (ВМ)
the target language (TL) мова перекладу/мова-

реципієнт (МП)
synchronous/simultaneos синхронний
interpreting/interpretation переклад
віршований (поетичний)
versification
переклад
rough
робочий варіант
перекладу
unit of translation одиниця перекладу
translation studies /
перекладознавство
tranlatology

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МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ

ДВНЗ «УЖГОРОДСЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ»

2. The importance of translating/ interpreting

the result of this process

the subject taught at school

is an interdiscipline containing elements of social

 comparative language studies,

a language may be regarded as a specific

a message sender to a message reciever

using the same code (language)

analysis of the source text, situation and

synthesis of the translation model

verification of the model against the source and target context

Not a single contact at the international level or even

Translating/interpreting is important for the work of

National economies could not follow the up-to-date

The social and political role of translating/interpreting

Translating/interpreting is the means of sharing

general theory of translation which investigates

specific theory of translation which investigates

the practice of tr-n which covers various textbooks for

history of tr-n which may be devided into:

methods of teaching tr-n according to: levels (school,

free/loose translation вільний переклад

off-hand переклад без

the source language мова оригіналу,

the target language (TL) мова перекладу/мова-

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