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    Sub Division 1. Enterocoelous Coelomata: Coelom Is Enterocoel Which Originates

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    yashsodhani
    The document discusses invertebrates and the phylum Protozoa. It provides characteristics of invertebrates, noting they lack a vertebral column and nerve cord on the dorsal side. Invertebrates can be acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, or true coelomate and have various symmetries. They are grouped into 30 major and minor phyla. Protozoa are introduced as unicellular eukaryotic organisms that were among the first animals studied in the late 1600s. They are characterized by being the simplest organisms, living freely or as parasites, with locomotion by flagella, cilia or pseudopodia. Reproduction can occur asexually or sexually

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    Sub Division 1. Enterocoelous Coelomata: Coelom Is Enterocoel Which Originates

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    yashsodhani
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    The document discusses invertebrates and the phylum Protozoa. It provides characteristics of invertebrates, noting they lack a vertebral column and nerve cord on the dorsal side. Invertebrates can be acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, or true coelomate and have various symmetries. They are grouped into 30 major and minor phyla. Protozoa are introduced as unicellular eukaryotic organisms that were among the first animals studied in the late 1600s. They are characterized by being the simplest organisms, living freely or as parasites, with locomotion by flagella, cilia or pseudopodia. Reproduction can occur asexually or sexually

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    The document discusses invertebrates and the phylum Protozoa. It provides characteristics of invertebrates, noting they lack a vertebral column and nerve cord on the dorsal side. Invertebrates can be acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, or true coelomate and have various symmetries. They are grouped into 30 major and minor phyla. Protozoa are introduced as unicellular eukaryotic organisms that were among the first animals studied in the late 1600s. They are characterized by being the simplest organisms, living freely or as parasites, with locomotion by flagella, cilia or pseudopodia. Reproduction can occur asexually or sexually

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    41 views2 pages

    Sub Division 1. Enterocoelous Coelomata: Coelom Is Enterocoel Which Originates

    Uploaded by

    yashsodhani
    The document discusses invertebrates and the phylum Protozoa. It provides characteristics of invertebrates, noting they lack a vertebral column and nerve cord on the dorsal side. Invertebrates can be acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, or true coelomate and have various symmetries. They are grouped into 30 major and minor phyla. Protozoa are introduced as unicellular eukaryotic organisms that were among the first animals studied in the late 1600s. They are characterized by being the simplest organisms, living freely or as parasites, with locomotion by flagella, cilia or pseudopodia. Reproduction can occur asexually or sexually

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    of 2

    of one sub division.

    Sub division 1. Enterocoelous coelomata : Coelom is enterocoel which originates


    as pouches of embryonic gut (archenteron)
    (i) Character of Non Chordata (Invertebrates) : The animals which lack a
    notochord are called invertebrates. e.g. Amoeba, sponges, Hydra, worms, insects, etc.,
    Invertebrates are characterised by the following salient features
    (1) The vertebral column is absent.
    (2) the nerve cord is solid in nature.
    (3) The nerve cord is present on the ventral side and never on the dorsal side.
    (4) When alimentary canal is present, it lies dorsal to the nerve cord.
    (5) Invertebrates may be acoelomate or pseudocoelomate or true coelomate.
    (6) They have either asymmetry or radial symmetry or bilateral symmetry.
    (7) The circulatory system is open type or closed type.
    (8) They exhibit all possible type of reproduction.
    The invertebrates are grouped into about 30 phyla. These phyla are of two types,
    namely major phyla and minor phyla.
    (a) Major Phyla : (1) Protozoa (2) Porifera (3) Coelenterata (4) Platyhelminthes (5)
    Aschelminthes (6) Annelida (7) Arthropoda (8) Mollusca, and (9) Echinodermata.
    (b) Minor Phyla : (1) Mesozoa (2) Nemertinea (3) Endoprocta (4) Acanthocephala (5)
    Rotifera (6) Gastrotricha (7) Kinorhyncha (8) Nematomorpha (9) Ectoprocta (10)
    Brachiopods (11) Phoronida (12) Chaetognatha (13) Priapulida (14) Sipunculida (15)
    Echiuroidea (16) Pogonophora etc.

    1.3 Phylum Protozoa.
    (i) Introduction : All unicellular (or acellular)
    eukaryotic animals : Most primitive (Gr. Porots = first +
    zoon = animal) organisms considered animals because of
    heterotrophic nutrition and motility. Although the whole
    body is a single minute cell. About 50,000 species (30,000
    present and 20,000 extinct) are so far known.
    (ii) Brief History : Protozoans were first studied by
    Leeuwenhoek (1677). The name Protozoa was coined
    by Goldfuss (1817). The branch of their study is called
    Protozoology.
    (iii) Salient Features
    (1) Protozoans are the simple and primitive
    organisms
    (2) They are free living or parasitic
    (3) All the free living forms are aquatic
    (4) They are asymmetrical or radially symmetrical or
    bilaterally symmetrical
    (5) They are unicellular (acellular)
    (6) They have protoplasmic grade of organization.
    (7) Locomotion is effected by flagella, cilia or
    pseudopodia.
    (8) Nutrition is holophytic, holozoic, saprozoic or
    parasitic.
    (9) Digestion is intracellular
    Volvox
    Giardi
    a

    Ceratium
    Chlamydomona
    s
    (10) Excretion & Respiration occurs by diffusion
    (11) In fresh water protozoans osmoregulation is carried out by the contractile
    vacuoles.
    (12) Encystment is a common phenomenon
    (13) Reproduction occurs by asexual and sexual methods.

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