Haul Trucks

1
A. J. Clark School of Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Sixth Edition
CHAPTER
10
Construction Planning, Equipment,
and Methods
TRUCKS AND HAULING
TRUCKS AND HAULING
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
By By
Dr. Ibrahim Assakkaf Dr. Ibrahim Assakkaf
ENCE ENCE 420 420 Construction Equipment and Methods Construction Equipment and Methods
Spring 2003 Spring 2003
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
University of Maryland, College Park University of Maryland, College Park
CHAPTER 10. TRUCKS AND HAULING EQUIPMENT
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Slide No. 1
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Trucks are hauling units . Trucks are hauling units .
Trucks have high travel speeds when Trucks have high travel speeds when
operating on suitable roads, provide operating on suitable roads, provide
relatively low hauling costs. relatively low hauling costs.
Trucks provide a high degree of Trucks provide a high degree of
flexibility permitting modifications in the flexibility permitting modifications in the
total hauling capacity of a fleet and total hauling capacity of a fleet and
adjustments for changing haul adjustments for changing haul
distances. distances.
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Slide No. 2
TRUCKS
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Slide No. 3
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Most trucks may be
Most trucks may be
operated over any haul road
operated over any haul road
for which the surface is
for which the surface is
sufficiently firm and smooth
sufficiently firm and smooth
and on which the grades are
and on which the grades are
not excessively steep.
not excessively steep.
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Slide No. 4
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Some trucks now in use are Some trucks now in use are
designated as off designated as off- -highway trucks highway trucks
because their size and total load because their size and total load
are larger than that permitted on are larger than that permitted on
public highways. These trucks are public highways. These trucks are
used for hauling materials on large used for hauling materials on large
project sites, where their size and project sites, where their size and
costs are justified. costs are justified.
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Slide No. 5
TRUCKS CLASSIFICATION
Trucks may be classified
according to a number of
factors including:
1. The size and type of engine-
gasoline, diesel, butane, propane
2. The number of gears.
3. The kind of drive-two-wheel, four-
wheel, six-wheel, etc.
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Slide No. 6
4. The number of wheels and axles
and arrangement of driving wheels.
5. The method of dumping the load-
rear-clump, side-dump.
6. The class of material hauled-earth,
rock, coal, ore, etc.
7. The capacity, in tons or cubic
yards.
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Slide No. 7
TRUCKS
Feet
Distance is the
principal factor
in selecting haul
units.
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Slide No. 8
REAR
REAR
-
-
DUMP TRUCKS
DUMP TRUCKS
Rear Rear- -dumps trucks are used when: dumps trucks are used when:
The material to be hauled is free-
flowing or has bulky components.
The hauling unit must dump into
restricted locations or over the edge
of a bank or fill.
Maximum maneuverability in the
loading or dumping area is required.
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Slide No. 9
Highway rear-dump
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Slide No. 10
BOTTOM
BOTTOM
-
-
DUMP TRUCKS
DUMP TRUCKS
Bottom Bottom- -dumps trucks are dumps trucks are
used when: used when:
The material to be hauled is free-
flowing.
There are unrestricted loading and
dump sites.
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Slide No. 11
BOTTOM
BOTTOM
-
-
DUMP TRUCKS
DUMP TRUCKS
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Slide No. 12
Tractor with
bottom dump trailer
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Slide No. 13
Bottom
dump
trailer
deposits
a wind
row of
material.
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Slide No. 14
Articulated
Trucks
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Slide No. 15
Articulated Trucks
Can operate over bad ground.
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Slide No. 16
HAULING EQUIPMENT
HAULING EQUIPMENT
These are specialized
trucks for hauling a fleet of
equipment from one point
to another.
General construction
Military
Services
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Slide No. 17
Trucks to move the fleet
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Slide No. 18
Special trailers
for heavy loads
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Slide No. 19
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Slide No. 20
Service truck
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Slide No. 21
TIRES
TIRES
Tires are about 35%
of a trucks operating
cost. Overload a
truck and you abuse
the tires.
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Slide No. 22
TIRES
Tires are designed for a wide
range of applications.
Section 20 CAT Handbook
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Slide No. 23
The Terex Titan,
the worlds
largest truck at
350-ton was
designed around
the tires.
CAT is
working on a
340-ton truck.
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Slide No. 24
They are
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Slide No. 25
S
a
f
e
t
y
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Slide No. 26
CAPACITY OF DUMP
CAPACITY OF DUMP
TRUCKS
TRUCKS
There are three methods of There are three methods of
expressing the capacities of expressing the capacities of
trucks and wagons: trucks and wagons:
1) by the load which it will carry,
expressed gravimetrically in
tons.
2) by its struck volume (cu yd).
3) by its heaped volume (cu yd).
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Slide No. 27
TRUCK CAPACITY
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Slide No. 28
CAPACITY OF DUMP
CAPACITY OF DUMP
TRUCKS
TRUCKS
The The struck capacity struck capacity of a truck is of a truck is
the volume of material which it will the volume of material which it will
haul when it is filled level to the top haul when it is filled level to the top
of the sides of the body. of the sides of the body.
The The heaped capacity heaped capacity is the is the
volume of material, which it will volume of material, which it will
haul when the load is heaped haul when the load is heaped
above the sides. above the sides.
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Slide No. 29
TRUCK CAPACITY
Manufacturer's specification
sheets will list both struck and
heaped capacities.
- material measured straight
across the top of the body.
STRUCK
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Slide No. 30
TRUCK CAPACITY
- based on a 2:1 slope
above hauler bodies.
HEAPED
2
1
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Slide No. 31
Articulated Trucks
Retainer plate
to increase
load capacity.
17
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Slide No. 32
CAPACITY OF DUMP
CAPACITY OF DUMP
TRUCKS
TRUCKS
The heaped capacity will vary with The heaped capacity will vary with
the height and angle at which the the height and angle at which the
material may extend above the material may extend above the
sides. sides.
Wet earth or sandy clay may be
hauled with a slope of about 1: 1
Dry sand or gravel may not permit a
slope greater than about 3:1.
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Slide No. 33
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
CAPABILITIES OF TRUCKS
The The productive capacity productive capacity of a truck of a truck
or wagon depends on the or wagon depends on the size of its size of its
load and the number of trips load and the number of trips it can it can
make in an hour. make in an hour.
The size of the load can be The size of the load can be
determined from the specifications determined from the specifications
furnished by the manufacturer. furnished by the manufacturer.
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Slide No. 34
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
The number of trips per hour
The number of trips per hour
will depend on the
will depend on the
weight
weight
of
of
the vehicle, the
the vehicle, the
horsepower
horsepower
of the engine, the
of the engine, the
haul
haul
distance
distance
, and the condition
, and the condition
of the haul road.
of the haul road.
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Slide No. 35
Example 1
Example 1
Determine the maximum speed for the truck, whose specifications are
given below, when it is hauling a load of 22 tons up a 6% grade on a
haul road having a rolling resistance of 60 lb per ton:
Engine: 239 fwhp
Capacity:
Struck, 14.7 cu yd
Heaped, 2:1, 18.3 cu yd
Net Weight (empty) = 36,860 lb
Payload = 44,000 lb
Text) 9 - 10 Fig. or 1, Figure (from mph 6.5 Speed Maximum
% 9 6
20
60
gr rr Resistance Total
lb 80,860 44,000 36,860 Weight Vehicle Gross
= + = + =
= + =
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Slide No. 36
Figure 1
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Slide No. 37
BALANCING THE CAPACITIES OF BALANCING THE CAPACITIES OF
HAULING UNITS WITH HAULING UNITS WITH
EXCAVATOR SIZE EXCAVATOR SIZE
When loading with hoes, shovels. draglines, or belt When loading with hoes, shovels. draglines, or belt
loaders, it is desirable to use haul units whose loaders, it is desirable to use haul units whose
capacities balance the output of the excavator. capacities balance the output of the excavator.
Factors which will affect the production rate and Factors which will affect the production rate and
the cost of handling earth: the cost of handling earth:
1. Advantages of using small trucks compared with large
trucks
2. Disadvantages of using small trucks compared with large
trucks
3. Advantages of using large trucks compared with small
trucks
4. Disadvantages of using large trucks compared with small
trucks
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Slide No. 38
USING SMALL TRUCKS COMPARED USING SMALL TRUCKS COMPARED
WITH LARGE TRUCKS WITH LARGE TRUCKS
Advantages: Advantages:
1) They are more flexible in
maneuvering, which may be an
advantage on short hauls.
2) They may have higher speeds.
3) There is less loss in production when
one truck in a fleet breaks down.
4) It is easier to balance the number of
trucks with the output of the
excavator, which will reduce the time
lost by the trucks or the excavator.
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Slide No. 39
USING SMALL TRUCKS COMPARED USING SMALL TRUCKS COMPARED
WITH LARGE TRUCKS WITH LARGE TRUCKS
Disadvantages: Disadvantages:
1) A small truck is more difficult for the excavator to
load owing to the small target for depositing the
bucket load.
2) More total spotting time is lost in positioning the
trucks because of the larger number required.
3) More drivers are required to haul a given output of
material.
4) The greater number of trucks increases the danger of
units bunching at the pit, along the haul road, or at
the dump,
5) The greater number of trucks required may increase
the total investment in hauling equipment, with more
expensive maintenance and repairs, and more parts
to stock.
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Slide No. 40
USING LARGE TRUCKS COMPARED USING LARGE TRUCKS COMPARED
WITH SMALL TRUCKS WITH SMALL TRUCKS
Advantages: Advantages:
1) Fewer trucks are required, which may reduce the
total investment in hauling units and the cost of
maintenance and repairs.
2) Fewer drivers are required.
3) The smaller number of trucks facilitates
synchronizing the equipment and reduces the danger
of bunching by the trucks. This is especially true for
long hauls.
4) There are fewer trucks to maintain and repair and
fewer parts to stock.
5) The engines ordinarily use cheaper fuels, i.e.,
gasoline versus diesel. but this must be based on
fuel prices at the specific project location.
ENCE 420 Assakkaf
Slide No. 41
USING LARGE TRUCKS COMPARED USING LARGE TRUCKS COMPARED
WITH SMALL TRUCKS WITH SMALL TRUCKS
Disadvantages: Disadvantages:
1) The cost of truck time at loading is greater,
especially with small excavators.
2) The heavier loads may cause more damage
to the haul roads thus increasing the cost of
mechanical maintenance to the trucks and
requiring more support equipment for
maintenance of the haul road.
3) It is more difficult to balance the number of
trucks with the output of the excavator.
4) Repair parts may be more difficult to obtain.
5) The largest sizes may not be permitted to
haul on highways.
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Slide No. 42
TRUCK
PRODUCTION
HAUL
RETURN
LOAD
DUMP
A
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Slide No. 43
TRUCK PRODUCTION
TRUCK PRODUCTION
STEP 1: BUCKET LOADS STEP 1: BUCKET LOADS
Number of bucket loads required to fill Number of bucket loads required to fill
the truck. the truck.
Bucket loads
Truck capacity
Loader Bucket capacity
=
Bucket loads must be an integer
number.
23
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Slide No. 44
MATCH THE LOADER
TO THE TRUCK
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Slide No. 45
BUCKET
CAPACITY
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Slide No. 46
WEIGHT LIMIT
Check load weight against
gravimetric capacity of the haul
unit.
Max. gross weight 150,000 lb
Operating weight (empty) 68,900 lb
Therefore the max load is 81,100 lb
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Slide No. 47
WEIGHT LIMIT
gravimetric capacity
Note the difference. Sideboards
25
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Slide No. 48
WEIGHT
LIMIT
Check load
weight against
gravimetric
capacity of the
haul unit.
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Slide No. 49
TRUCK PRODUCTION
TRUCK PRODUCTION
STEP 2: LOAD TIME STEP 2: LOAD TIME
LOAD TIME =
Excavator cycle time
No. of bucket loads
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Slide No. 50
STEP 2
LOAD TIME
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Slide No. 51
TRUCK PRODUCTION
TRUCK PRODUCTION
STEP 3: HAUL TIME STEP 3: HAUL TIME
HAUL TIME
HAUL DISTANCE (FT)
88 HAUL SPEED
=
27
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Slide No. 52
TRUCK PRODUCTION
TRUCK PRODUCTION
STEP 4: RETURN TIME STEP 4: RETURN TIME
RETURN TIME
RETURN DISTANCE (FT)
88 HAUL SPEED
=

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Slide No. 53
TRUCK PRODUCTION
TRUCK PRODUCTION
STEP 5: DUMP TIME STEP 5: DUMP TIME
This will depend
on the type of
hauling unit.
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Slide No. 54
STEP 5: DUMP TIME
This will depend on the type
of hauling unit.
Rear dumps
must be spotted
before dumping.
Total dump time
can exceed
2 minutes.
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Slide No. 55
STEP 5: DUMP TIME
Bottom dump units dump while moving.
29
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Slide No. 56
STEP 5: DUMP TIME
PROJECT SPECIFIC FACTORS
Is the dump area smooth
permitting safe maneuvering to
dump?
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Slide No. 57
STEP 5: DUMP TIME
Is the dump area crowded with
support equipment?
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Slide No. 58
STEP 5: DUMP TIME
Do loaded haul units have the
right-of-away.
Grader
Roller
Water truck
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Slide No. 59
STEP 5 DUMP TIME
Turn and Dump times (min.)
Conditions Bottom
Dump
End
Dump
Favorable 0.3 0.7
Average 0.6 1.0
Unfavorable 1.5 1.5
See p. 295
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Slide No. 60
TRUCK PRODUCTION
TRUCK PRODUCTION
STEP 6: TRUCK CYCLE TIME STEP 6: TRUCK CYCLE TIME
CYCLE TIME =
Load Time
Load Time
+ Haul Time
+ Haul Time
+ Dump Time
+ Dump Time
+ Return Time
+ Return Time
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Slide No. 61
TRUCK
CYCLE TIME
HAUL
RETURN
LOAD
DUMP
A
32
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Slide No. 62
TRUCK PRODUCTION
TRUCK PRODUCTION
STEP 7: NUMBER OF TRUCKS STEP 7: NUMBER OF TRUCKS
REQUIRED REQUIRED
TRUCKS REQUIRED =
TRUCK CYCLE TIME
LOADER CYCLE TIME
1 +
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Slide No. 63
STEP 7 NUMBER OF
TRUCKS REQUIRED
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1 2 3 4 5 6
Trucks
P
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
33
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Slide No. 64
STEP 7 NUMBER OF
TRUCKS REQUIRED
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
1 2 3 4 5
Trucks
P
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
Loader
potential
T
r
u
c
k

p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
Match point
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Slide No. 65
STEP 7 NUMBER OF
TRUCKS REQUIRED
The match point
typically does not
coincide with an even
number of trucks.
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Slide No. 66
TRUCK PRODUCTION
TRUCK PRODUCTION
STEP 8: EFFICIENCY STEP 8: EFFICIENCY
Three critical factors to consider:
Bunching
Operator
Equipment availability
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Slide No. 67
TRUCK PRODUCTION
TRUCK PRODUCTION
Bunching: Bunching:
With a perfect loader - hauler
match the effect of bunching is a
10 to 20% loss.
If there are extra haulers the
effect is reduced as there is
always a line of trucks waiting to
be loaded.
35
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Slide No. 68
STEP 8 MISMATCH &
BUNCHING EFFICIENCY
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1 2 3 4 5
Trucks
P
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
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Slide No. 69
TRUCK PRODUCTION
TRUCK PRODUCTION
Operator Operator
Longer hauling distances usually
results in better operator
efficiency.
Operator efficiency increases as
haul distance increases to about
8,000 ft. after which it remains
constant.
36
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Slide No. 70
TRUCK PRODUCTION
TRUCK PRODUCTION
Equipment Availability
Equipment Availability
When the loading tool
breaks down, the
production drops to zero.
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Slide No. 71
TRUCK PRODUCTION
TRUCK PRODUCTION
STEP 9: PRODUCTION STEP 9: PRODUCTION
WORKING MIN / HR
LOADER CYC TIME(MIN)
BUCKET VOL
PRODUCTION
(LOADER)
=
The Loader will control production if at least one
extra truck is used.
37
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Slide No. 72
TRUCK PRODUCTION
TRUCK PRODUCTION
STEP 9: PRODUCTION STEP 9: PRODUCTION
WORKING MIN / HR
TRK CYC TIME(MIN)
TRK VOL NO. TRKS
PRODUCTION
(TRUCK)
=
Trucks control production if fewer trucks are used.
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Slide No. 73
Example 2
Example 2
Practical Exercise
Practical Exercise
(Truck Production)
(Truck Production)
Ten 25 ton/18 cy rear dump
trucks with low pressure tires
are available to haul a rock
dirt/gravel mixture. The
wheel loader being used has a
4.25 cy bucket.
38
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Slide No. 74
Example 2 (contd)
Example 2 (contd)
The haul and return, over
poorly maintained earth, is 3
miles. It is a down hill grade of
1.25% going to the dump area.
Net truck weight is 36,860 lb.
Working hour efficiency is 55
minutes.
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Slide No. 75
STEP 1 BUCKET LOADS
NUMBER OF BUCKET LOADS
REQUIRED TO FILL THE TRUCK.
Truck capacity = 18 cy
Dirt/gravel mixture
Fill Factor wheel loader (Table 8.6) 100-
120%, use average 110%
Loader bucket capacity = 4.25 X 1.1
= 4.675 cy
Example 2 (contd)
39
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Slide No. 76
Example 2 (contd)
STEP 1 BUCKET LOADS
NUMBER OF BUCKET LOADS
REQUIRED TO FILL THE TRUCK.
Bucket loads
18
4.675
3.85 =
Bucket loads must be an integer No.
Therefore use either
3 or 4 bucket loads.
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Slide No. 77
Example 2 (contd)
STEP 1 BUCKET LOADS
If 3 bucket loads:
Truck volume = 3 X 4.675
= 14 LCY
If 4 bucket loads:
Truck volume = 18 LCY
and the excess spills off.
40
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Slide No. 78
Example 2 (contd)
STEP 1 BUCKET LOADS
gravimetric capacity of truck.
Dirt/gravel mixture
Table 4.3
2,600 lb/LCY
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Slide No. 79
Example 2 (contd)
STEP 1 CHECK LOAD
WEIGHT
3 bucket load:
14 LCY
2,600
2,000
18.2 tn 25 tn ok =
4 bucket load:
18 LCY
2,600
2,000
23.4 tn 25 tn ok =
41
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Slide No. 80
Example 2 (contd)
STEP 2 LOAD TIME
LOAD TIME =
Bucket cycle time X
No. of bucket loads
4.25 cy bucket
Table 8.9
Bucket cycle time 30 - 33 sec
use average 31.5 sec
(0.524 min)
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Slide No. 81
Example 2 (contd)
STEP 2 LOAD TIME
3 bucket load:
3 X 0.525 = 1.58 min.
4 bucket load:
4 X 0.525 = 2.10 min.
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Slide No. 82
Example 2 (contd)
STEP 3 HAUL TIME
HAUL TIME
3 miles 5,280 ft / mile
88 HAUL SPEED
=

DUMP
1.25% GRADE
Poorly maintained earth

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Slide No. 83
Example 2 (contd)
STEP 3 HAUL TIME
Grade resistance load to dump: -1.25%
Total Resistance = 4.25 + (-1.25%)
= 3.0% or 60 lb/ton
Poorly Maintained Earth Haul Road
Rolling resistance (Table 5.1)
70 - 100 lb/ton, use 85 lb/ton or 4.25%
43
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Slide No. 84
Example 2 (contd)
STEP 3 HAUL TIME
Net truck weight 36,860 lb or 18.43 tons
3 bucket load 18.20 tons
Gross wt. =
18.43 + 18.20 =
36.63 tons
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Slide No. 85
Example 2 (contd)
STEP 3 HAUL TIME
Net truck weight 36,860 lb or 18.43 tons
4 bucket load 23.40 tons
Gross wt. =
18.43 + 23.40 =
41.83 tons
44
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Slide No. 86
Example 2 (contd)
STEP 3 HAUL TIME
3 bucket load Gross wt. 36.63 ton
Rimpull = 60 lb/ton X 36.63 ton
= 2,200 lb
4 bucket load Gross wt. 41.83 ton
= 2,510 lb
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Slide No. 87
Example 2 (contd)
2510
2200
Page 294 text
45
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Slide No. 88
Example 2 (contd)
STEP 3 HAUL TIME
HAUL TIME
88 HAUL SPEED
=

3 bucket load 35 mph

4 bucket load 22 mph
3 bucket, 5.143 min
4 bucket, 8.183 min
ENCE 420 Assakkaf
Slide No. 89
Example 2 (contd)
STEP 4 RETURN TIME
RETURN TIME
RETURN DISTANCE (FT)
88 HAUL SPEED
=
Net truck weight 36,860 lb

or 18.43 tons
46
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Slide No. 90
Example 2 (contd)
STEP 4 RETURN TIME
Grade resistance load to dump 1.25%
Total Resistance = 4.25 + 1.25%
= 5.5% or 110 lb/ton
= 2,030 lb
Poorly Maintained Earth Haul Road
Rolling resistance, 4.25%
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Slide No. 91
Example 2 (contd)
2030
Page 294 text
47
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Slide No. 92
Example 2 (contd)
STEP 3 RETURN TIME
RETURN TIME
88 35
=

Return speed 35 mph

= 5.143 min
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Slide No. 93
Example 2 (contd)
STEP 5 DUMP TIME
Rear Dump Trucks must be
spotted before dumping,
Total dump time averages
about 2 minutes.
Use 2.0 minutes
48
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Slide No. 94
Example 2 (contd)
STEP 6 TRUCK CYCLE TIME
3 bucket loads
Load time 1.580 min
+ Haul time 5.143 min
+ Dump time 2.000 min
+ Return time 5.143 min
CYCLE TIME = 13.866 min
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Slide No. 95
Example 2 (contd)
STEP 6 TRUCK CYCLE TIME
4 bucket loads
Load time 2.100 min
+ Haul time 8.183 min
+ Dump time 2.000 min
+ Return time 5.143 min
CYCLE TIME = 17.426 min
49
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Slide No. 96
Example 2 (contd)
STEP 7 TRUCKS REQUIRED
3 bucket loads
Trucks required = 9.8
Trucks required = +
13.866
1.58
1
Must be an integer number
therefore 10 trucks
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Slide No. 97
Example 2 (contd)
STEP 7 TRUCKS REQUIRED
4 bucket loads
Trucks required = 9.3
Trucks required = +
17.426
2.10
1
Must be an integer number
therefore 10 trucks
50
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Slide No. 98
Example 2 (contd)
STEP 8 EFFICIENCY
Working hour
efficiency
is 55 minutes.
ENCE 420 Assakkaf
Slide No. 99
Example 2 (contd)
STEP 9 PRODUCTION
3 bucket loads
The loader will control production
if at least one extra truck is used.
55 min / hr
1.58 min
14.025 LCY 488 LCY/ hr =
PRODUCTION
(LOADER)
=
51
ENCE 420 Assakkaf
Slide No. 100
Example 2 (contd)
STEP 9 PRODUCTION
4 bucket loads
The loader will control production
if at least one extra truck is used.
55 min/ hr
2.10 min
18 LCY 471 LCY/ hr =
PRODUCTION
(LOADER)
=
ENCE 420 Assakkaf
Slide No. 101
Example 2 (contd)
STEP 9 PRODUCTION
3 bucket loads 10 trucks
488 LCY/hr
4 bucket loads 10 trucks
471 LCY/hr
52
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Slide No. 102
Example 2 (contd)
STEP 9 PRODUCTION
3 bucket loads
If only 8 trucks are AVAILABLE
the trucks control production.
55 min / hr
13.866 min
14.025 LCY 8 445 LCY / hr =
PRODUCTION
(TRUCK)
=
ENCE 420 Assakkaf
Slide No. 103
Example 2 (contd)
STEP 9 PRODUCTION
4 bucket loads
If only 8 trucks are AVAILABLE the
trucks control production.
55 min / hr
17.426 min
18 LCY 8 454 LCY / hr =
PRODUCTION
(TRUCK)
=
53
ENCE 420 Assakkaf
Slide No. 104
Example 2 (contd)
3
Buckets
4
Buckets
10 Trks 488 LCY 471 LCY
STEP 9 PRODUCTION
ENCE 420 Assakkaf
Slide No. 105
Example 2 (contd)
STEP 9 PRODUCTION
While matching the fleet
to the required production
is important, doing it at a
minimum $/unit of
material moved is usually
the goal.
54
ENCE 420 Assakkaf
Slide No. 106
Example 2 (contd)
HAPPY HAULING

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1

A. J. Clark School of Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

CHAPTER 10. TRUCKS AND HAULING EQUIPMENT

Poorly maintained earth

3 bucket load 35 mph

Net truck weight 36,860 lb

Return speed 35 mph

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