WMW 20070101 Jan 2007

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Integrated thinking
in Singapore
Alternative daily
cover materials for
landfills
Bioplastics
under the lens
WMW SPECIAL:
Collection and transport
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WMW
INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTE ASSOCIATION
Promoting sustainable waste management worldwide
Contents | Zoom in | Zoom out Search Issue | Next Page For navigation instructions please click here
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M&J Industries A/S
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Tel.: +45 7626 6400
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Our shredders are available both as
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For further information, please visit us
at: www.mj.dk
or contact us on: [email protected]
Previous Page | Contents | Zoom in | Zoom out | Front Cover | Search Issue | Next Page
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________
ProbIems with Heavy MetaIs!
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PROFIT FROM WASTE
One mans trash is another mans treasure - Caterpillars complete range of waste management machines have been specially
developed to stay up, running and profitable in the demanding conditions of waste sites. They come equipped with ACERT
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manufacturing so that they continue to deliver, day in, day out. Factor in the support from our world-class dealer network and youve got
all you need to keep up with this non-stop industry. So if youre looking to make a profit from waste, then look no further than Caterpillar.
www.cat.com
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REGULARS
EDITORIAL
FROM THE PUBLISHERS
COMMENT BY PETER JONES
NEWS A ROUND-UP OF NEWS FROM AROUND
THE WORLD
ISWA INFORMATION
DIARY
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS
INTRODUCTION
NEWS
PRODUCT NEWS
SPARK OF INSPIRATION
GASELECTRIC HYBRID REFUSE COLLECTION
VEHICLES ARE HELPING REDUCE POLLUTION AND
NOISE IN GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN
A fleet of highly specialized natural-gas-fuelled hybrid
RCVs works quietly in a Swedish city
A SHOW OF SOLIDARITY
HOW MANUFACTURERS ARE SHAPING UP
TO THE FUTURE
Quality vs cost which one will win buyers hearts? The
verdict for materials-handling machinery, from the floors
of last years Entsorga and Ecomondo
STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL
HOW A CANADIAN SHREDDER SYSTEM IS
COMBATING IDENTITY FRAUD
A truck-mounted mobile on-site shredding unit from
Shred-Tech adds maximum security to waste collection
operations
SMART THINKING
HOW AUXILIARY POWER CAN INCREASE
PRODUCTIVITY AND SAFETY
Using the existing hydraulic output of mobile
plant or power takeoff from a trucks diesel
engine offers multiple benefits
A GROWING FORCE
FRENCH MANUFACTURER MATHIEU YNO
SEEKS WIDER MARKETS
Having announced two new sweeper models
and strategic partnerships last year, what can
Mathieu Yno get up to next?
SILENTLY IT MOVES
THE NEW MODEC TRUCK LOOKS IDEAL
FOR RECYCLING OPERATIONS
Infrastructure maintenance and materials
collection can now be carried out with
minimum noise and exhaust emissions using
the new Modec electric truck
Contents
50
55
60
JANUARYFEBRUARY 2007
13
COLLECTION AND
TRANSPORT SPECIAL
MALCOLM BATES REVIEWS THE LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
IN THE COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT SECTOR
management world
WASTE
Collection and
transport
Collection and
transport
SPECIAL
Compiled and written by
Malcolm Bates
Inside: Gaselectric
hybrid RCVs a spark of
inspiration
24
26
30
34
42
47
47
COVER PHOTOGRAPH:
The zero emissions
electric truck from
Modec makes debut
see article on p. 60.
PHOTO: MALCOLM BATES
SPECIAL COVER
PHOTOGRAPH:
A hybrid gaselectric
RCV does a round in
downtown Gothenburg
see article on p. 34.
PHOTO: MALCOLM BATES
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FEATURES
WASTE TO WARM THE TOWN
NEW CHP PLANT FOR EXPANDING
SWEDISH CITY
The Torsvik waste-to-energy plant is the latest
example of how Sweden fits waste management
and energy solutions seamlessly together
By Alan Sherrard
TAGGED WITH INTELLIGENCE
APPLYING INFO TECH IN HOUSEHOLD WASTE
COLLECTION
Data-gathering technologies can make positive
impacts on variable charging and recycling systems
By Simon Dutta
BIOFOCALS
THE SHORT- AND LONG-TERM IMPACTS OF
BIOPLASTICS ON THE WASTE INDUSTRY
The potential implications of bioplastics for the
waste industry go under the lens
By Guy Robinson
THE VALUE OF SPACE
EFFECTIVE USE OF ALTERNATIVE DAILY
COVER MATERIALS TO EXTEND THE LIFE OF
LANDFILLS
Alternatives to soil as daily cover materials can
save not only landfill space but boost income too
By Milton Knight
GETTING SORTED
ADVANCES IN PLASTICS AND METAL
SORTING
Two companies are developing new technologies
to raise the accuracy of waste sorting
By Guy Robinson
INTEGRATED THINKING
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SINGAPORE
The small island nation of Singapore is beginning
to gain the upper hand in waste, thanks to goals
towards zero landfill
By Vincent Teo
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Contents
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WMW
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More than a hurricane.
www.querstromzerspaner.eu
DIABOLO
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6 Januar yFebr uar y 2007 WASTE MANAGEMENT WORLD
he latest IPCC report has just been released, and climate change and energy consumption are
hot topics talked about by the highest-profile speakers of the world. As the former US Vice
President Al Gore stated in his recent visit to Copenhagen, present-day climate change is
created by mankind and therefore must be dealt with by mankind. Gore also stated that
sustainability does not mean we have to move back into caves, but that we have to change our
habits and way of thinking.
Waste is more often on the agenda of these discussions than ever before.
Climate change, consumption patterns, costs, sustainable waste management and
economic instruments are some of the factors affecting todays waste management. It is
very important that waste managers take up these issues for discussion and action.
The waste industry must take the lead and responsibility for the problems and
challenges that we face today. Waste management is getting a high public profile.
There is a need for facts based on sound science and communicated in an objective
way. Emotional and irrational arguments must be countered by openness and facts.
The industry also has to be one step ahead and think about the factors that will
affect tomorrows waste management.
Therefore the waste sector has to take the lead in the debate on sustainable
consumption and sustainable waste management. Sustainability must include the
dimensions of environmental, financial and social development. The three dimensions go
hand in hand and their definitions vary from time to time and from location to location.
It is essential to find the balance between consumption, legislation, policy and economic
instruments when pursuing the targets of waste management.
The best way of reaching these goals and facing the challenges is through exchanging information
and sharing knowledge. This is done through open and proactive networking. Facilitating networking is
what ISWA is all about.
Suzanne Arup Veltz is Managing Director of ISWA.
I This article is on-line. Please visit www.waste-management-world.com
T
As waste management gains public profile and as sustainability gets
on the waste agenda, it is more important now than ever before to
exchange information and knowledge, writes Suzanne Arup Veltz
Editorial
The waste sector
has to take the lead
in the debate on
sustainable
consumption and
sustainable waste
management
ISWA Annual Congresses

2428 September 2007 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
38 November 2008 Singapore
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UNTHA shredding technology
Moldanstrae 141 A-5431 Kuchl / Salzburg, Austria
Tel. +43 6244 7016 0 Fax +43 6244 7016 1 [email protected] www.untha.com
R&D of shredding technology since 1978
More than 8000 sold machines in daily operation
This results in high reliability, low wear costs as well as in high efficiency
Innovation in size reduction
Take advantage of UNTHAs experience so as thousands
of satisfied customers did
Examples of realized customer solutions
Agricultural films Al-Mg feeders Al-Mg housings Aluminium chips Aluminum sections Animal carcasses Bales of films Bark Bank notes Batteries
Bio-waste Bread Bulky waste Bumpers Car internal linings Car tyres Cardboard Cardboard tubes Carpets Catalyzer Chipboard Circuit-boards
Dashboards Dish-washers Domestic waste Electric cookers Electronic scrap Eternit sheets Files Film bales Films Foams Foam sheets Garbage con-
tainers Garden waste Glass Hazardous waste Industrial waste Internal linings for cars Leather Mattresses MDF boards Medical waste Metals Metal
drums Metal turnings Missile casing Motor sheets Oil filters Packaging materials Pallettes Paper Paper rolls Paper sheets Plastic boxes Plastic
bottles Plastic drums Plastic lumps Plastic packaging Plastic tubes / pipes Power cables Radioactive waste Refrigerators Reject paper Rubber waste
Shredder light fractions Silicon plates Spring interiormattresses Stamping lattices Styropor sheets Substitute fuels Tetra-paks Textiles Tins Toilet paper
Tractor tires Transformer windings Truck tires Veneers Washing machines Waste wood Wood off-cuts Workshop waste...
Agents wanted
worldwide!
Please contact us at [email protected]
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am delighted to present the first 2007 issue of Waste Management World. As you will
see, we have redesigned the inside pages of the magazine, providing a cleaner and
more engaging read.
This issue includes a special focus on collection and transport of waste, with a
range of articles from our regular correspondent Malcolm Bates. As ever, Malcolm hunts
out the latest developments in the fields of refuse collection vehicles, sweepers and even
mobile paper-shredding equipment. On this occasion, the lead article in this special is
from Sweden, highlighting some fascinating advances being made in refuse collection
including the application of water hydraulics.
Coincidentally, Sweden also appears in this issues waste-to-energy article, which
reviews in detail a recently commissioned combined heat and power plant owned by the
local municipality.
In cultural terms, Sweden has a forward-thinking policy in waste management. As
Malcolm says: it doesnt take government legislation for city authorities in Sweden to
adopt systems to protect the environment. Swedes want to do right by the environment
voluntarily.
This drive is also being seen in other parts of the world. And an article from Singapore
highlights how this island nation is tackling the challenges of limited space and a growing
population with an integrated waste management strategy.
In my planning activities this year I am making an active move to enhance our
coverage of waste management in the Far East. The feature from Singapore is therefore the
start of things to come, which I hope that our readers worldwide will appreciate.
February also sees the re-launch of our electronic updates. If you wish to receive these
free updates, containing news highlights, information on forthcoming events and new
product details, please visit www.waste-management-world.com.
Enjoy the magazine with the new design. And do not hesitate to contact us if you wish
to offer any feedback on the magazine or submit a proposal for an article.
Guy Robinson
Commissioning Editor, Waste Management World
P.S. All new WMW articles are now available on our website,
www.waste-management-world.com. Here you can also subscribe to the print version
or our new electronic version, change your subscription details, or sign up for our
e-newsletter.
FROM THE PUBLISHERS
ISSN 1476-1394
The magazine for ISWA members
EDITOR: Suzanne Arup Veltz, ISWA General Secretariat
GROUP PUBLISHER: David McConnell
PUBLISHER EMERITUS: Edward Milford
EDITORIAL DIRECTOR: Jackie Jones
COMMISSIONING EDITOR: Guy Robinson
PRODUCTION EDITOR: Monique Tsang
TRANSPORT CORRESPONDENT: Malcolm Bates
DESIGN: Danny Gillespie
DESIGN: Paul Cooper Design
PRODUCTION MANAGER: John Perkins
PRODUCTION CONTROLLER: Julie Challinor
SALES MANAGERS: Terry Ash, James Walden
ADVERTISING: for information on advertising,
please contact Terry Ash or James Walden at
PennWell International Publications Ltd.
on +44 20 7387 8558 or [email protected]
EDITORIAL/NEWS CONTACT:
Guy Robinson, e-mail: [email protected]
Published for the International Solid Waste
Association, Vesterbrogade 74, 3rd floor,
DK-1620 Copenhagen V, Denmark
Tel: +45 32 96 15 88
Fax: +45 32 96 15 84
web: www.iswa.org
Published by PennWell International Publications
Ltd, 812 Camden High Street, London NW1 0JH, UK
Tel: +44 20 7387 8558
Fax: +44 20 7387 8998
e-mail: [email protected]
web: www.waste-management-world.com
EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE/PRESS RELEASES:
Please send to Waste Management World at
[email protected]
2007 International Solid Waste Association. All rights
reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any
form or by any means, whether electronic, mechanical or
otherwise including photocopying, recording or any information
storage or retrieval system without the prior written consent of
the Publishers. While every attempt is made to ensure the
accuracy of the information contained in this magazine, neither
the Publishers, Editors nor the authors accept any liability for
errors or omissions. Opinions expressed in this publication are
not necessarily those of the Publishers or Editor.
SUBSCRIPTIONS: Members of the International Solid Waste
Association receive a free subscription to Waste Management
World as part of their membership. Copies of the magazine
are circulated free to qualified professionals who complete
the printed subscription form in the magazine. The
subscription form is also available online at
www.wmw-subscribe.com.
Non-qualified professionals may receive the magazine by
paid subscription. The price for 1 year (6 issues) is US$100 in
Europe or US$115 elsewhere. To start a paid subscription
visit www.omeda.com/wmw or call +1 847 559 7330.
Waste Management World is published 6 times a year by
PennWell International Publications Ltd, 812 Camden High
Street, London NW1 0JH, UK, and distributed in the USA SPP
at 75 Aberdeen Road, Emigsville, PA 17318-0437. Periodicals
postage paid at Emigsville, PA. POSTMASTER: send
address changes to Waste Management World,
c/o P.O. Box 437, Emigsville, PA 17318.
REPRINTS: High-quality reprints of any article from this
publication are available. These can be tailored to your
requirements to include a printed cover, logo, advertising or
other messages. Minimum quantity 50. Please contact the
Publishers for details.
Printed in the UK by Williams Press Ltd on elemental
chlorine-free paper from sustainable forests
Member, BPA Worldwide
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COMMENT
taxes promise to hit 35 (50) by 2010. This push from within
the sector is coupled to demand pull factors from the electrical
and heat market itself, summarized as:
capacity problems, as antiquated, CO
2
-intensive coal generation
and nuclear capacity is closed over the next 15 years
regional grid pressures on gas and wire distribution networks in
response to population movements and rising energy intensity
in the domestic sector
political uncertainties surrounding non-European sources of
supply.
End-users in the industrial and commercial sector face a
widening of the European Trading Frameworks and are thus
keen to commit themselves to a higher proportion of
electrical supply from renewables. This applies
(potentially) to the waste sector as well as to
the food supply chain, local government,
hospitals, hotels and pub chains.
These trends encourage an emergent
marriage between the waste industry
and energy providers throughout the
UK not for very large single-site
conventional incineration capacity but
for distributed energy systems using
combined heat and power (CHP) to
deliver electricity and heating capacity at
levels of 70%+ thermal efficiency on a scale of
520 MW.
Such initiatives are especially bankable where they
can be co-located with large individual users on enough land to
accommodate additional technologies such as composting,
recycling storage, mechanical conditioning and preparation. The
capacity to flex between sending carbon to soils, energy or avoided
energy on a daily basis has to make good economic sense.
How much could waste contribute to the national energy
supply framework? Past estimates suggest the equivalent of
40 million tonnes of coal in the UK alone. This may be somewhat
high unless one includes an allowance for imported agricultural
feedstocks. (There will be a lot of biofuel straw floating about in
coming years).
or the last 10 years the emphasis in waste management
has been embedded within the so-called hierarchy.
Prising UK politicians in Westminster away from the
notion that waste comes only from domestic dustbins has
been a tortuous process; getting them to realize we need
to go beyond the low-hanging fruit of recycling into an holistic
interaction between logistics and energy promises to be even
more exacting.
The crystallization of the debate around carbon and the
carbon economy has at least given us a single potential metric on
which to benchmark non-financial environmental performance
that of the CO
2
footprint. The sooner proposed carbon
footprint protocols for different waste transport and processing
options are agreed bringing this sector into the European
CO
2
trading framework the better for all.
Why? Because most operators in the waste
industry recognize that (in the case of
household waste at least) reclamation for
recycling, material use and composting
lead to environmental diseconomies
once the 50%60% level is passed. Put
simply the energy and environmental
impact needed to clean up the material
exceeds the resultant benefits.
Historically, a majority of the
industry in the UK has avoided entering
the fray on waste-to-energy (WTE) to the
point where incineration and WTE became
synonymous. Insiders are well aware that WTE
offers a wealth of technological options many
capable of operating at small scale (50,000 tonnes/year) and
many offering low-temperature/low-emission options superior to
some recycling schemes (in terms of CO
2
emissions).
This reticence from the UK industry to engage originates
from the pedestrian rate of increases in landfill tax and the need
for a number of new technology options to win their spurs on
the basis of thousands of hours of operating experience in
mainland Europe.
Those limitations are now falling away to the point where
such technologies, with gate fee requirements of around 50-60
(7590) per tonne, are becoming eminently bankable as landfill
F
Waste-to-energy would have more selling power if decentralized
energy were put into the waste planning equation. While Denmark
is somewhere that realized this decades ago, the UK is one of the
countries holding back. And it is in danger of losing out, writes
Peter Jones
Comment
The capacity to
flex between
sending carbon to
soils, energy or
avoided energy on a
daily basis has to
make good economic
sense
Januar yFebr uar y 2007 WASTE MANAGEMENT WORLD 10

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UK landfills currently accept an estimated 3050 million
tonnes of biogenic and fossil carbon each year. As much as one
third of this is viable for recycling but the balance is increasingly
viable to collect separately and condition through fuel floc
preparation plants.
At present this material generates 0.7 GW as
landfill gas but one can double that yield (given
that landfill gas recovery averaged 50% or
less), double it again on the basis that fossil
carbon as plastic can be utilized (it doesnt
break down in landfills), and double it yet
again in terms of displacement impacts if
CHP becomes compulsory for WTE to
qualify as a renewable fuel. In short, this
amounts to something between 4 GW and 6
GW of on-line capacity around 60%70%
of the countrys historic nuclear load.
Will we see any references to these options in
the UK Governments forthcoming waste strategy,
one wonders?
Ironically, after the last strategy in 2000 the UK could have
adopted the Danish model had waste disposal authorities
pursued public finance initiatives (PFIs) with vigour and
developed co-ownership of such facilities with the private sector,
sharing the gate fee benefits.
This was because the Danes saw three decades ago that
waste is waste regardless of origin, and municipal bodies took it
upon themselves to provide the necessary exit technologies as
part of their urban planning, environmental awareness and
energy strategies on a one stop shop basis.
Moreover, local and central government worked together
to ensure that the resultant economic package became
a way of keeping the cost of governance down via
control of the tendering process.
In the UK this has proved mission
impossible because the first is backward-
focused, the second has only just hit the
agenda and the third is divorced from
environment via another department. As
for economic benefits, the public sector is in
danger of missing the boat as rising landfill
taxes make self-contained private sector
investment in new technologies bankable on a
standalone basis. This will render PFI increasingly
redundant as privately financed waste resource recovery
parks repeat the process created by landfill as the cheapest kid on
the block in the early eighties.
Peter T. Jones is Director of External Relations, Biffa, UK.
COMMENT
UK landfills
currently accept
an estimated
3050 million
tonnes of biogenic
and fossil carbon
each year
11 WASTE MANAGEMENT WORLD Januar yFebr uar y 2007

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NEWS
Send your news to WASTE MANAGEMENT WORLD
News
While the airline industry thinks a lot
these days about what containers
we bring on the plane, it pays a lot
less attention to the thousands of
tonnes of cans, bottles and paper
that come off the aircraft headed for
costly landfills. But according to a
new report by the US Natural
Resources Defense Council (NRDC),
some airports and the carriers that
use them are finding creative
solutions that pay significant
financial dividends while reducing
their environmental footprint.
Airlines in the US throw away
enough aluminium cans every year
to build 58 new 747s. Its the same
story with paper and plastic, said Dr
Allen Hershkowitz, a Senior Scientist
at NRDC. Along with a huge amount
of recyclable waste, the industry is
throwing away a significant amount
of money.
And its not just dollars. These are
resources that dont need to be
mined, logged or drilled. And by
avoiding all that, you save a lot of
energy and avoid a lot of emissions.
The complete report is available
online from NRDC at
www.nrdc.org/cities/recycling/airline
/contents.asp.News text
AIRLINE INDUSTRY NEEDS
TO DIVERT MORE
FROM LANDFILL
ILLEGAL WASTE DUMPS FOUND IN HUNGARY
Further illegal waste dumps have been discovered in Bcs-
Kiskun county, Hungary in January, reports The Budapest
Times. At the end of last December several incidents were
uncovered of German companies illegally transporting their
waste to Hungary and depositing it in remote areas.
The police have found 10 waste dumps with around 3500
bales of waste. Apparently, The National Security Office (NBH)
suspects that the so-called eco-mafia could lie behind the
waste scandal. Eight people have been questioned and the
police are investigating two companies, Egl-Bau Bt. and
Szinkron 99 Kft. Four of the suspects, including the mayor of
Kunbaja and his wife, who is the managing director of
Szinkron 99 Kft., are being held in pre-trial detention.
The secret services warned a year and a half ago that the
eco-mafia criminal gangs who make money from illegally
depositing environmentally hazardous waste could also
threaten Hungary, according to an analysis by NBH. Hungary
is particularly at risk because its regulations here for waste
disposal are not in line with EU norms, noted the daily
Npszava.
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WORLDS FIRST COMMERCIAL LNG FROM LANDFILL GAS
Prometheus Energy Company has
begun producing liquid natural gas
(LNG) from what it claims to be the
worlds first landfill gas-to-LNG
plant.
The plant was installed in late
2006 at the Frank R. Bowerman
Landfill in Orange County, California,
US.
The Bowerman Landfill currently
flares enough landfill gas to make
approximately 40,000 US gallons
(151,400 litres) of LNG per day,
and this amount is increasing each
year.
The current plant, which is
expected to have a production
capacity of 5000 gallons per day, is
the first of three phases planned to
be built at the landfill. The entire
output of the plant will be used as
an alternative fuel in public transport
vehicles in the Orange County
Transit Authority fleet.
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NEWS
Athens main waste dump has
reached its maximum capacity,
reports Planet Ark, and city officials,
fearing it has become a health
hazard, have said it will soon be
closed to reduce the risk of toxic fires
and landslides.
We cannot take it any more. We
have had the landfill here for
decades. Now it is overflowing and
our health is in danger, commented
Dimitris Kambolis, Deputy Mayor of
the municipality of Liosia where the
site is located. It was initially
designed to take in 500 tonnes per
day but now takes in more than
5000 tonnes daily.
At the same time, Athens News
has reported that the product of
Greeces largest recycling
investment is being landfilled.
According to the Ecological
Recycling Company (ECOREC),
41,000 tonnes of refuse-derived fuel
(RDF) made up of paper and
plastic that was produced at
Atticas Ano Liosia plant in 2005
never went to any use. The RDF was
sent to the landfill, meaning there
was no net reduction of waste.
CONCERNS RAISED OVER ATHENS
LANDFILL CAPACITY
The US Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) has announced that
retailers and electronics
manufacturers voluntarily recycled
over 15,000 metric tonnes of
electronics in 2006 as part of their
commitment to its Plug-In To
eCycling programme.
The programme is a voluntary
partnership between the EPA and
electronics manufacturers and
retailers to offer consumers more
opportunities to donate or recycle
their used electronics. Since 2003,
Plug-In partners have recycled more
than 43,000 tonnes of electronics.
15,000+ TONNES ELECTRONICS RECYCLED
UNDER PLUG-IN TO ECYCLING
SOUTH AFRICA TO
COMMISSION FIRST
LANDFILL
METHANE PLANTS
South Africas first landfill methane
gas-to energy projects, powered by
GE Energys Jenbacher generator
sets, will be commissioned at two
sites near the city of Durban on the
countrys east coast early this year.
The landfill gas plants are in the
municipal region of eThekwini,
which in Zulu means in the place of
the bay.
The plants, at the La Mercy and
Mariannhill landfills, will serve as
renewable energy reference
projects, providing much-needed
electricity to the municipal grid.
Meanwhile, funds from the sale
of carbon credits which was the
key to making the project
economically viable also will be
used in part for community
upgrades.
In a press briefing on 8 February,
MEP Caroline Jackson European
Parliament Rapporteur on the
Waste Directive commented that
there was little hope of the revised
EU Waste Framework Directive
(WFD) being approved by
Parliament in its first reading on
12-13 February 2007. But she
added that it was better to get
things right now, rather than suffer
the consequences of trying to do
the right thing too quickly.
In the first reading, the range of
items under discussion will
include a new proposal from
Germany to distinguish between
what is a by-product and what is
a waste. This proposal suggests
the following criteria for by-
product status:
That further use of the substance
or object is certain;
That the substance or object can
be used directly without any
further processing other than
normal industry practice;
That further use of the substance
or object is an integral part of a
production process or there is a
market for it as a product;
And that further use is lawful, i.e.
the substance or object fulfils all
relevant product, environmental
and health protection
requirements for the specific
application.
Apparently German stakeholders
were also keen to include
additional landfill bans in the
revised Directive, but other
countries particularly nearby
Member States in Eastern Europe
blocked such a move, due to
concerns over illegal waste exports
(see page 13).
EU WASTE
FRAMEWORK
DIRECTIVE UNDER
THE SPOTLIGHT
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Waste-
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To see our
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2007 Cummins Power Generation
ACQUISITION OF
ARTECH. RECYCLINGTECHNIK AND
SYNMET DEUTSCHLAND
The acquisition of Germany-based
artech. Recyclingtechnik GmbH and
Synmet Deutschland GmbH opens up
new prospects and business
opportunities worldwide that go beyond
recycling technology, according to the
new owner Inteso AG.
Inteso AG is an international group of
technology firms focused on the
conception and implementation of
large-scale projects in the industrial
production of fine rubber powder and
thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs), as well
as on industrial waste processing. The
new members will significantly
contribute to the projects of the group:
artech. Recyclingtechnik will provide its
tried-and-tested shredders and
granulators, whereas Synmet provides
customized engineering solutions.
ONGOING EXPANSION AT SIMS
Sims Group UK Limited has expanded its
ferrous and non-ferrous operations with
the acquisition of Cymru Metals
Recycling Limited, a well established
metals recycling business in South
Wales, handling in excess of 150,000
tonnes per annum.
Sims Group Australia has agreed to
acquire the business of Menzies Metals.
Menzies Metals operates in the Seaford
area of Melbourne and has been
continuously servicing the south-eastern
metropolitan area of Melbourne and the
Mornington Peninsula for the past 50
years.
Finally, Sims Group CEO Jeremy Sutcliffe
noted that work on certain targeted
acquisitions by the companys Recycling
Solutions Division is well advanced and
a further commentary will be provided
at the appropriate time.
The non-profit Rechargeable Battery Recycling
Corporation (RBRC) has released its year-end data
for 2006, reporting the collection of over 2500
metric tonnes of rechargeable batteries in the US
and Canada, through its Call2Recycle programme.
Call2Recycle provides a way to collect and
recycle used rechargeable batteries found in
products such as cordless power tools, two-way
radios, cordless or mobile phones, laptop
computers, digital cameras and camcorders.
The organizations successful year can be
attributed in part to the increase in participation
among national retailers, businesses,
communities and licensee recycling programmes.
In 2006, retailer participation increased 18%,
while community and public agency
participation increased 23%. Participation by
businesses had the greatest increase of 48%.
MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS
EC welcomes agreement on REACH
EC Environment Commissioner Stavros Dimas has
welcomed the adoption of the new Regulation on
the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and
Restrictions of Chemicals (REACH). He commented:
REACH is currently the most ambitious chemicals
legislation in the world and a marked improvement
over the current situation. More information will be
available about substances in everyday products and
it is expected that most dangerous substances will
be progressively substituted with safer alternatives.
Concern over Japanese waste policy
Over 25 environmental groups comprising of
various international and grassroots organization
have collectively called for the rejection of the
growing Japanese waste colonialism in Asia.
At the Waste Not Asia conference in Kerala,
India, the groups cited the present
JapanPhilippines Economic Partnership Agreement
(JPEPA) as a way of bullying developing nations in
Asia to accept Japans toxic wastes and
technologies by promising increased trade and
employment opportunities in return.
CALL2RECYCLE COLLECTED
2500+ TONNES RECHARGEABLE
BATTERIES IN 2006
in brief
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NEWS
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The Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) and Environment
Canada (EC) are working together to prevent the illegal export of
hazardous waste and hazardous recyclable materials out of the
Port of Vancouver. Since 1 November 2005 the CBSA/EC team
conducted 50 inspections of marine containers destined for
export outside of Canada. These inspections resulted in a large
number of detentions.
Highlights of CBSA/ECs joint initiative include:
50 containers filled with approximately 500,000 kg of metal
and plastic scrap originating from across Canada were
inspected and found to contain hazardous waste or hazardous
recyclable materials. These containers were destined for export
to Hong Kong and/or China, allegedly in violation of federal
regulations.
The contents of several shipping containers included waste
electrical equipment which contained polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs). PCBs are toxic to both the environment and
human health.
Thousands of computer monitors and other types of electronic
waste were prevented from being exported to Hong Kong and
China.
CBSA assessed CAN$50,801 (US$42,900) in fines against 27
Canadian companies.
REUSE AND RECYCLING ARE THE PREFERRED METHODS
OF WEEE MANAGEMENT
Reuse and recycling are far and
away the preferred methods of
e-scrap management and with
sufficient infrastructure, nearly all
discarded electronic products could
be technically and economically
recyclable, say four major US
recycling and solid waste
management associations.
The Integrated Waste Services
Association (IWSA), the National
Recycling Coalition (NRC), the
National Solid Wastes Management
Association (NSWMA), and the Solid
Waste Association of North America
(SWANA) added that a solution at
the federal level can provide a
framework that could be
complemented by each state,
providing some standardization
while allowing the states the
flexibility to implement more
stringent programmes, if desired.
At the same time, member
governments of the Basel
Convention on the Control of
Transboundary Movements of
Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal
agreed to accelerate efforts to
reduce the risks posed to human
health and the environment by the
dramatic worldwide growth in
electronic wastes. Priorities will
include launching pilot projects to
establish take-back systems for used
electronic products, strengthening
global collaboration on fighting
illegal traffickers and promoting best
practices through new technical
guidelines.
ENVIRONMENT CANADA CLAMPING DOWN ON ILLEGAL WASTE EXPORTS
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Technology
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Shredding
Screening
Plastic separation
Sorting
Energy production
Biological treatment
waste packaging
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Tel. +49 (0) 36969 58132 Fax +49 (0) 36969 58200 [email protected]
www.EuRec.de
Complete turn-key MBT plants
Victoria, Australia will be substantially
increasing the landfill levy on
industrial waste, seeking to raise
about AUS$30 million (US$23 million)
over the next four years and fund
investment in new technologies for
reuse, recycling, reprocessing and
recovery of industrial waste.
Last year, the Environment
Sustainability Action Statement
indicated that landfill levies would
increase from AUS$26 (US$20) a
tonne to AUS $130 (US$100) per
tonne on 1 July 2007. This year, the
local government has announced
that it would be further increasing
the levy to AUS$250 (US$190) per
tonne on 1 July 2008.
Rising landfill levies, improving
treatment technologies and industry
assistance programmes will
continuously drive the waste
volumes down by 50006000
tonnes a year, commented John
Thwaites, Acting Premier. The annual
volume of industrial waste generated
across the state has fallen by 27% to
89,000 tonnes a year since 2000. The
Governments measures will reduce
hazardous waste by at least 30%, to
about 60,000 tonnes per annum next
year and about 40,000 tonnes per
annum within approximately two
years. As a community we must find
ways to deal responsibly with the
by-products of industry.
VICTORIA TO FURTHER INCREASE LANDFILL LEVIES ON
INDUSTRIAL WASTE
A pamphlet published by a Member
of the European Parliament, Caroline
Jackson, sets out the crucial lessons
that Britains policymakers on waste
should learn from the best practices
in continental Europe. The key one is
that using waste as a fuel in energy-
from-waste incinerators need not
crowd out recycling. She points out
that the cleanest continental
countries, Denmark and Holland,
have very high rates of incineration
and recycling with low dependence
on landfill and demonstrate how
such a dual system can be made to
work very successfully.
Among the lessons she believes
Britain can learn from the best in
continental Europe are:
Well designed and energy-
efficient incinerators can be the
necessary and useful companions
of recycling schemes.
Getting recycling schemes
established takes time. Britain is
trying to do in two years what has
taken Germany 20 years.
Britain needs to make it much
easier for people to recycle, with
more information on what can be
recycled, more boxes for recycling
collection in public spaces as on
the continent and universal
national rules on what is collected,
to end the current confusion.
Fees for waste collection should
be separated from the general
council tax so that people can see
what they are paying for.
Waste management must be
taken into account by planners,
architects and developers of all
new buildings.
CONTINENTAL LESSONS FOR BRITAIN
in brief
New campaign to promote
steel recycling
The International Stainless Steel
Forum (ISSF) has announced that it
has launched an advertising campaign
jointly with the Nickel Institute. The
campaign is designed to inform the
public that stainless steel is one of
the worlds most recycled materials,
more recycled than paper or glass.
Opinion surveys have indicated that
the public does not consider stainless
steel to be a highly recycled material.
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NEW GUIDANCE FOR UK BUSINESSES TO
MEET LANDFILL REGULATIONS
The UK Environment Agency has
published guidance to help business
and industry meet the changes to
landfill regulations which come into
play later this year.
Liz Parkes, Head of Waste at the
Environment Agency, said: From
30th October 2007, new rules mean
waste must be treated before it is
disposed of at a landfill site. At the
same time, liquid waste will be
banned from any landfill.
To explain what needs to be
done, the Environment Agency has
been working with members of the
waste industry and waste producers
on this new two-part guidance,
Treatment of non hazardous wastes
for landfill.
Part A of the document explains
the requirements of the regulations
and part B provides suggested
methods from industry on how you
could deal with certain wastes.
The new guidance is available to
download at www.environment-
agency.gov.uk. The guidance on how
to deal with liquid waste following
the landfill ban will be published at
the beginning of this year.
BUENOS AIRES
GOVERNMENT
SIGNS URBAN
WASTE BILL INTO
LAW
Felipe Sol, the Governor of Buenos
Aires province in Argentina, has
signed into law a solid urban waste
bill aimed at reorganizing the treat-
ment and final disposal of garbage,
according to Business News Americas.
Under the new law, authorities
will be able to open treatment
plants in any district of the province
to deal with waste generated in the
Buenos Aires and La Plata urban
areas. When a new treatment plant is
approved, local authorities will have
six months to draw up integrated
management plans to put a stop to
waste disposal in open-air dumps.
The 134 municipalities in the province
will be obliged to cut down on the
production of household waste by
30% within five years.
A GREEN
GAMES
The Olympic Delivery Authority
(ODA) has announced plans to
ensure the 2012 Games to be held in
London, UK are the greenest ever.
The Sustainable Development
Strategy includes targets for low
carbon, low waste, and sustainable
transport for building venues and
infrastructure.
An important part of the strategy
will be to reduce waste through
design 90% of demolition material
to be reused or recycled and at least
20% of materials used in permanent
venues and associated works and
the Olympic Village to be recycled.
PHOTO: LONDON 2012
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VICTAM
International2007
Visit...
8 1 0 Ma y 2 0 0 7 J a a r b e u r s Ha l l s , Ut r e c h t , Th e Ne t h e r l a n d s
O
P
T
I
M
I
Z
E
P
R
O
F
I
T
T
H
R
O
U
G
H
N
U
T
R
I
T
I
O
N
A
N
D
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C
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N
O
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O
G
Y
Visitors to the exhibition will find the worlds foremost companies supplying
equipment, technology and systems used in biomass processing for use as an
alternative energy source, including services and technology to facilitate organic
waste re-cycling.
Supporting conference:
Pellets for bio-energy: addressing the challenges
Organised by AEBIOM (European Biomass Association) 10 May 2007
For conference programme & delegate registration, travel & accommodation or
visitor information contact:
Email: [email protected] Website: www.victam.com
Tel: ++ 31 33 246 4404 Fax: ++ 31 33 246 4706
Irelands recycling rates remain on
track to meet national and EU waste
recycling targets.
To all intents and purposes, at
34.6%, the national target of 35%
recycling was achieved well in
advance of the 2013 target date.
However, the amount of waste
going to landfill remains persistently
high.
The Irish Environmental
Protection Agencys National Waste
Report 2005 reports that during that
year:
Just under 35% of municipal
waste was recovered.
23% of household waste was
recycled, an increase for the
fourth consecutive year.
77% of household waste was
landfilled.
60% of packaging waste was
recovered, comfortably exceeding
the EU target set for 2005.
Waste generation remains high,
highlighting the need for
concerted action to focus on
waste prevention in Irish society.
IRELAND ON TRACK FOR RECYCLING TARGETS, BUT LANDFILLING STILL HIGH
Australians are recycling nearly half
their waste (46%), but are facing a
major electronic waste challenge,
according to the latest national
snapshot of environmental issues
and trends released by the
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS).
Australias Environment: Issues
and Trends presents a range of
statistics from both ABS and other
sources on trends in environmental
issues of concern. Each year, a
particular environmental issue is
addressed in detail this year the
issue is solid waste.
It has been estimated that in
2006, around 1.6 million computers
would be disposed of in landfill,
another 1.8 million in storage
(in addition to the 5.3 million already
gathering dust in garages and other
storage areas) and half a million
recycled. These figures came from
the Advancing Australia report from
the Department of Communications,
Information Technology and the
Arts.
E-waste in Australia is estimated
to be growing at more than three
times the rate of general municipal
waste (domestic waste from
households and other council waste
such as park and street litter bins).
The total amount of waste
Australians generated increased
from 22.7 million tonnes in
19961997 to 32.4 million tonnes in
20022003, of which just over one
quarter was municipal waste.
E-WASTE A LOOMING ISSUE IN AUSTRALIA
in brief
UK glass recycling grows but
at slower rate
The annual amount of glass
recycled to make new bottles and
jars has increased to a record
756,000 tonnes, according to
estimates from British Glass.
The preliminary figures from
members of the trade association
indicate that the container industry
recycled an additional 14,000
tonnes of glass in 2006, up from
742,000 tonnes in 2005.
While the growth in glass
recycling is encouraging, the rate
of growth has slowed from 10% in
2005 to 1.8% in 2006.
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You can rely on our experience!
EUROPEN, the European
Organization for Packaging and the
Environment, has welcomed a report
adopted by the European
Commission, which gives a balanced
view on the two issues the EU
Council and Parliament asked it to
report on. These issues are the
implementation of the EU Packaging
and Packaging Waste Directive and
its impact on the environment and
on the internal market.
The report [COM(2006)767 Final]
confirms that the environmental
objectives of the Directive are being
achieved, but more work is needed
to accomplish its equally important
internal market objectives for the
free movement of packaging and
packaged goods in the EU, and to
avoid obstacles to trade and
distortions and restrictions of
competition.
One of the most important
conclusions of the report, states
EUROPEN, is that proper
enforcement of the Directives
Essential Requirements for
packaging will further contribute to
creating a level playing field for
packaging and packaged goods in
the EU internal market, and also
bring additional benefits in terms of
prevention, recycling and reduction
of hazardous substances in
packaging.
In addition, the report recognizes
that Member States reluctance to
monitor compliance with the
Essential Requirements represents a
major problem in the
implementation process of the
Packaging and Packaging Waste
Directive.
All Member States have duly
transposed the Essential
Requirements, the report notes, but
only three (the Czech Republic,
France and the UK) have put an
enforcement mechanism in place.
In the report the European
Commission commits itself to
promoting a proper implementation
of the Essential Requirements.
INDUSTRY WELCOMES
EC REPORT ON PACKAGING
RECOVERY OR DISPOSAL? FEAD COMMENTS
ON WASTE INCINERATION
The debate on whether waste incineration should be classified
as recovery or disposal continues. FEAD (the European
Federation of Waste Management and Environmental Services)
has published a position paper, expressing its views on the
European Commissions current stance.
FEAD believes that municipal waste incinerators may be
considered recovery operations and it supports the concept of
establishing recovery efficiency levels through the application
of Best Available Techniques Achievable Levels. These levels are
set out in the incineration BREF (otherwise known as Best
Available Techniques Reference notes).
Furthermore, FEAD agrees with the EC that one main
parameter could be used namely energy efficiency and that
a minimum efficiency is important to encourage sustainable
development. But it also expresses some concerns, not least
highlighting that more than just energy efficiency should be
taken into account.
CORRECTION
In the article Plasma progress, which covers the Plasco gasification
process, published in our NovemberDecember 2006 issue:
WMWregrets that the large quotation on page 42 was incorrect. It
should say: The system costs less than US$530/tonne comparable to
WTE plants.
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Collection and
transport
Collection and
transport
SPECIAL
Compiled and written by
Malcolm Bates
Inside: Gaselectric
hybrid RCVs a spark of
inspiration
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COLLECTI ON AND TRANSPORT SPECI AL INTRODUCTION
24 Januar yFebr uar y 2007 WASTE MANAGEMENT WORLD
Embracing new ideas and technology can come at a price. But with
concerns over the future of our planet now an everyday topic of
conversation, how should the waste and recycling industries respond?
Our 2007 special on collection and transport takes a look at some
exciting options.
ardly a day goes by without a reference in the news media to global warming, greenhouse gas
emissions, or some other threat to our environment. At the same time, on a more domestic level,
householders and manufacturing industries are being encouraged to recycle more and help reduce
the amount of waste being landfilled. There are two ways to look at the pressures our industry is
under: as a threat, or as an opportunity.
While some suggest extra taxes to fund environmental enhancements will restrict commercial expansion,
others see opportunities for developing new environmentally friendly vehicles and systems. While some see
more stringent health and safety standards for waste industry employees as a threat to profits, others say its
only right that those clearing up society on our behalf should be able to do so in safety. The problem is that new
technology often tends to come at a price. It used to be at the expense of jobs in the old manufacturing
industries, such as heavy engineering. Increasingly, its related to the first cost of a product. Adopting new
technology requires management commitment. And often a sizeable investment.
Sometimes the cost can go up while basic levels of efficiency, in pure tonnes-per-kilometre terms, might
stay static, or even go down. But the environmental gains make that a price worth paying. The trouble is, while
most developed countries can afford sophistication, other economies are struggling to get to the first base of
a regular, hygienic waste collection service let alone a recycling programme that rises above the scavenging
of goods of value on a landfill site. So should we also be looking for more simple macro solutions? The task
ahead is formidable.
To see how the future might look, Ive been to Gothenburg, Sweden to see the fleet of natural-gas-
fuelled/electric hybrid refuse collection vehicles at work. I came back impressed, not only by the technology,
but also by the resolve to try new ideas, stick with them and improve standards. If hybrid technology is one holy
grail, then a full zero emissions truck for working in inner city zones is another. Battery electric vehicles have
been a feature of our industry since the early 1900s, but will the technology finally give us results in the early
21st century? Ive tried a brand new compact electric truck that stakes its claim.
In addition to environmental concerns, waste has also been identified as the route by which identity theft
occurs. We look at a clever Canadian solution that could see security become a regular addition to the services
our industry offers. 2007 could also be the year in which that other holy grail an easily demountable
multi-modal waste compaction/disposal system finally becomes accepted. Well be sure to keep up with
developments on that during the year. Roll all these issues together and there is indeed plenty of pressure for
change. But surely the bottom line is this: if the organizations our society employs to keep waste and litter under
control in our towns and cities are not prepared to adopt the latest new ideas and environmentally friendly
green solutions, who else will?
Malcolm Bates
Transport Correspondent
H
Collection and
transport special
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SENNEBOGEN Maschinenfabrik GmbH Hebbelstrasse 30 D-94315 Straubing Tel.: +49 (0) 9421/540-146 Fax: +49 (0) 9421/ 43882 e-Mail: [email protected]
www.sennebogen.com
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CANADA
LABRIE REBRANDS
A change of name and the adoption
of a newly designed logo are the start
of a new initiative by leading Canadian
waste equipment manufacturer,
Labrie, towards a more global
marketing strategy.
Originally formed in 1933, the
privately owned Labrie Equipment
company will now be known as Labrie
Environmental Group. There are already
a number of innovative products in the
Groups range catalogue, such as low-
loading-height side-loaders, that
might help form the basis of wider
expansion outside of its existing
markets in North America, where it has
a 50-strong distributor network.
For the time being, rear-end
loaders will continue to be sold under
the Leach brand name, while side
loaders will continue to be badged as
Labrie units using the old yellow logo.
Front-end loaders will be marketed
under Wittke branding, but all units are
now assembled at the Groups Qubec
plant following the completion of
additional production capacity.
With the ability to supply a
complete range, the new logo design
featuring three curved, converging
lines on a blue base could just as
easily signify three spheres of growth
for the Canada-based group (such as
North America, Europe and the Far
East/Pacific Rim) in addition to the
virtues of innovation, quality and
productivity suggested in a recent
press statement.
Or, as Jean Bourgeois, Executive
Vice President and General Manager
puts it, This expansion is in line with
our aim to become a world-class
manufacturer of waste-handling
equipment built for a greener, more
efficient, smarter and safer operation.
Its a long-term commitment.
News
JAPAN/SPAIN
NISSAN GEARS UP
With both Isuzu and Mitsubishi-Fuso
continuing to prove popular as a basis
for compact refuse collection and
recycling units in both busy urban and
rural areas, the announcement of a new
global light duty truck (LDT) platform
from Nissan is a significant development.
Until now, Nissan has restricted its
involvement in many international
markets to vans, 4x4s and pick-up
trucks with the 3.5-tonne gross
weight Cabstar range representing the
highest load capacity on offer. Now
that looks set to change. The new
platform (chassis family) already forms
the basis of the latest generation
Cabstar which is now engineered to
go up to 4.5 tonnes gross weight.
Nissan will however keep the cab-
over-engine configuration that marks
out previous generations of Cabstar. A
tilt cab design is retained to improve
engine and powertrain access and the
use of a straight ladder chassis frame
clearly allows for increased operational
weights in future.
The development of the new LDT
platform was developed by Nissans
engineering division in Barcelona,
Spain, in conjunction with Nissan
Motor Light Truck engineering team in
Japan. The new platform forms the
basis of the newly introduced Cabstar,
but this will be followed by a new
generation of light-weight trucks in
the future, confirms Andy Palmer,
Corporate Vice President of Nissans
LCV Business unit.
The new platform demonstrates
Nissan is taking its place in the global
commercial vehicle market very
seriously, he adds.
COLLECTI ON AND TRANSPORT SPECI AL NEWS
GERMANY
GOING
UNDERGROUND?
Bauer GmbH, a manufacturer based in
Sdlohn, Germany, has recently
introduced a new generation of its
successful GTE container system. The
company predicts increased growth in
the use of semi-underground waste
container systems as pressure to
separate waste streams at source
(rather than relying on the more
complex solution of separation later at
a waste transfer facility) mounts on
planners and designers.
Bauer specializes in designing and
developing customized installations in
facilities such as downtown shopping
malls, universities and leisure facilities
where cleanliness, hygiene and the
lack of visual overflow of material are
essential.
With experience based on the
successful underground GTC system,
Bauer is now focusing on the new GTE
system. This is designed to
accommodate large volumes of
recyclable materials such as glass,
paper or household waste in
galvanized containers of 35 m
3
capacity which are stored in concrete
silos. Only 90 cm of each installation is
visible above ground, thus reducing
the visible impact in sensitive areas.
Lockable containers to prevent
vandalism or unauthorized use are
available.
The containers can be emptied by
conventional RCVs with binlifter
equipment.
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COLLECTI ON AND TRANSPORT SPECI AL NEWS
AUSTRIA
RUBBLEMASTER GETS MESSAGE ACROSS
The future is looking bright for materials-recycling specialist Rubblemaster of Linz,
Austria, following a popular factory demonstration event in 2006 to celebrate 15
years of steady expansion since the company was formed.
As previously reported in Waste Management World (November/December
2006 issue), the recycling of construction and demolition waste on site (rather
than by piling all forms of site debris together to truck away for sorting or
landfilling) makes a major contribution not only in saving waste miles, but can
also significantly reduce extraction rates of non-renewable natural resources, such
as aggregate, or crushed stone.
Since our last report, there have been concerted moves in many countries to
include demolition waste figures within overall recycling statistics for the first
time, as well as furthering the development of complete on-site recycling
packages to enable a compact crusher and screen unit to be trucked into
essentially urban sites on trailers hauled by regular tipper trucks. An important
part of this approach is of course to ensure that the machines used in urban areas
are quiet and free from vibration two key factors at the heart of the
Rubblemaster programme.
As Rubblemaster founder and Managing Director Gerald Hanishe confirmed,
even if the material wasnt required as fill on the same site, the economics of
trucking out consistent-sized recycled material of a greater added value still has
environmental gains. On a tonne-for-tonne basis, its worth more and is of a
quality that can be sold directly without further transportation costs.
FRANCE
WORLDS
SMALLEST
RCV?
French-based specialist
vehicle manufacturer
Aixam-Mega has
introduced a new version
of its Kubota diesel-
powered Multitruck.
Featuring a newly
improved two-seat cab, a
larger two-cylinder
water-cooled engine of
600cc and fully automatic
constantly variable
transmission, the 07-spec
Mega can be supplied
either as a chassis/cab for
local body fitment, as a
cage-sided electro-
hydraulic tipper for recycled materials,
a general purpose dropside open-back
body, or a fully enclosed panel van for
special collections.
Its overall width is just 1.5 metres
while payload is up to 3 m
3
in volume
or 500 kg by weight. Maximum speed
is up to 80 km/hour, while fuel
consumption is only 3.5 litres/100 km.
A battery electric-powered
version is also available for zero-
emissions zones, or for in-plant use
with a seven-hour charge range (at
25km/hour).
Unlike most utility vehicles, the
Multitruck features a full automotive-
style suspension and braking system
and an aluminium chassis frame.
UK
GOING BIO
JCB, now claiming the fourth
worldwide slot as a manufacturer of
construction plant, has announced that
its own Dieselmax range of power
units can be specified to run on B20
Biodiesel, which is 20% biofuel.
In addition to powered JCB
wheeled loaders and 360 material
handlers, Dieselmax engines are
increasingly attracting other
manufacturers seeking an alternative
power systems supplier, including
auxiliary-engined truck-mounted
vacuum sweepers.
AUSTRALIA
ROSMECH GROWS
MARKET WITH
SCARAB
Rosmech, the distributor of Scarab
Sweepers for Australia and New
Zealand, reports increased market
interest in the Euro-4 engined Scarab
Minor purpose-built compact
sweeper, following a series of recent
Australia-wide road shows.
Rosmech spokesperson Colin
Miller commented: When our
potential customers get the chance to
really see what the Minor can do,
theyre truly amazed. But weve also
been impressed by the wide range of
different uses that our customers are
putting the machines to. For example,
most Australians are proud of an
outdoor lifestyle, but infrastructure
such as cycle paths can be a real
headache to keep clear of litter and
other debris. Smaller, lighter, compact
sweepers, while having a tight turning
circle, often dont have the capacity to
sweep longer distances. This is
especially the case in
coastal resorts, where blown
sand is an issue. The Minor
really does provide the best
of both worlds.
Nowhere is this
outdoor lifestyle more
significant than in the city of
Melbourne. Here Rosmech
has recently supplied a fleet
of four new Scarab
sweepers two Minors and
two Nissan-UD truck-
mounted Merlin machines to help
keep the city clean. As former host of
Olympic and Commonwealth Games,
Melbourne has a rich sporting
heritage, as well as being a major
tourist destination, so highway and
precinct cleansing is a key priority for
the City Council.
This explains why one of the first
orders placed by Citi-Wide, the
Councils in-house contracting team,
was for the four new Scarabs.
Rosmech won the Melbourne order
on the strength of Scarabs
commitment to high
productivity, while reducing
the size of the sweepers
emissions footprint,
explained Colin Miller. Not
only is a single-engined
truck-mounted sweeper
much more fuel-efficient,
but the payload is greater
and there is also one less fuel
tank and cooling system to
need maintenance, he
explained.
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NEWS COLLECTI ON AND TRANSPORT SPECI AL
UK/SPAIN
EAGLE LANDED
Dennis Eagle, Britains last independent manufacturer of specialist truck chassis
and one of the few manufacturers globally to offer complete municipal vehicles,
has been taken over by Spanish-based RosRoca group.
Although successful, with an annual turnover of some 90 million (135
million), the recent history of Dennis Eagle has been an uncertain one. Acquired
by Dutch-based ABN Amro Capital for 51 million (77 million) in 1999 from UK
capital investor Bridgepoint, the sell-off to an erstwhile competitor such as
RosRoca is perhaps surprisingly seen as a positive move by Dennis Eagle Chief
Executive Mike Molesworth. Our long-term strategy is to develop Dennis Eagle
into a truly leading international business that has the capacity to deliver to an
ever-expanding global customer base. Becoming part of a global group leading
in waste equipment for collection, transport, processing and treatment will be
pivotal to this, he said.
Indeed, while 2006 was a record year in terms of deliveries of complete
RCVs, following a major power systems supplier policy shift from Cummins to
Volvo (in order to meet European Euro-4 emissions standards), the statistics
underline one of the key problems for the UK-based company. While the high-
quality/low entry cab RCV format seems to be winning increasing support across
wider markets in Europe, Dennis Eagle found it increasingly difficult to gain a
satisfactory slice of this market fast enough to meet the demands of building up
an after-sales service organization from scratch. Recent figures show that while
the company is the dominant market leader in the UK to date and is doing well
in several specific export markets, just 12% of total production was for customers
outside the UK.
The support of an already successful global player like RosRoca is seen as a
way to provide the support needed for these new ventures such as recently
signed export and licensing agreements with partners in India and China.
GERMANY/UK
GOOD NEWS AT
FAUN
Waste and recycling equipment
specialist Faun is already predicting a
good start to 2007, based on a
growing market percentage share in
many European markets during 2006.
Faun produces over 1600
body/hopper units a year, making it
not only a major player in the
European market, but also one of the
few manufacturers able to supply
conventional rear-end loading
compaction vehicles, front-end loaders
and side loaders. This is of increasing
importance as many operators seek a
one stop shop finance and after-sales
service back-up package.
At the same time, one of the
companys more established products,
the Rotapress, has continued to find a
growing niche as an ideal
machine for removing
domestic greenwaste.
In addition to
healthy sales of refuse
collections vehicle (RCVs),
Faun is also reporting
growing interest in its Viajet range of
truck-mounted vacuum sweepers.
Already popular within the German
home market, the Viajet is now
attracting interest in wider Europe and
internationally.
Faun is also one of a very short list
of manufacturers able to offer a
demountable RCV design capable of
multi-modal transportation of fully
laden body pod units. Adoption of
such a system is seen as an ideal
solution to delays caused by growing
traffic congestion.
Andrew Corless, Managing
Director at Fauns UK plant in Anglesey,
north Wales, also reports growth in
sales to both local authority and
commercial contractors. We are
guaranteed a good start to 2007 as we
are now very close to winning a
significant number of projects, he said.
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30
COLLECTI ON AND TRANSPORT SPECI AL PRODUCT NEWS
Sweeper double in Turkey
While the inclusion of Turkey within the EU
continues to be a matter of hot debate, the
success of UK-assembled Johnston sweepers
in this increasingly sophisticated and
growing market is not open to debate the
company has doubled sales there during
2006.
While sales dipped in the 1990s, they
have significantly improved recently as the
result of the appointment of a new
distributor, Ugurel. The scale and competitive
nature of the Turkish market might come as a
surprise to many. In addition to most global
brands, Turkey has a thriving local
manufacturing industry producing vacuum
sweepers for the home market, explained
Steve Douglas, Marketing Director at
Johnston. There are 81 provinces in Turkey,
with literally hundreds of smaller districts,
each with a specific sweeping requirement,
so were very pleased to be doing so well.
The Turkish market is surprisingly
sophisticated. All the sweepers supplied into
the country by Johnston normally feature
extra equipment such as Supawash, water
recirculation and on-board CCTV cameras.
High profile paint finishes and graphics are
also a feature of the market. For example, the
Ankara Borough of Sincan recently took
delivery of three new Johnston VT650s with
graphics featuring tulips and parkland on the
body sides, while the coastal province of
Izmir incorporates seascape scenes on its
Johnston sweepers.
In addition to supplying the full range of
sweepers, Ugurel also supplies beach-
cleaning equipment and heavy-duty airport
runway sweepers. It seems as though
growing tourism as a result of cheap air travel
also marks this sector out for further growth
especially as Turkey has over 100 civil airports.
In addition to Turkey and wider European
markets, Johnston products have also
recently been supplied to Thailand, with
seven new VT800 runway sweepers going to
the new Suvarnabhumi Airport for Bangkok.
I For more information, visit:
www.johnstonsweepers.com
New trade waste lifter
The Iceland-based manufacturer Ecoprocess
has introduced a new version of its electric-
powered binlifter design suitable for larger
trade waste containers.
The Thorbjorn lift which can take
containers up of to 1280 litres capacity
weighing up to 700 kg is now available
following extensive working trials by a major
French waste contractor during 2006.
The lift can be fitted on any standard
compaction-type rear-end loader. Once the
necessary installation has been effected, it is
interchangeable with Ecoprocess Isbjorn
units designed for domestic wheeled-bin
loading.
All Ecoprocess lifters are virtually silent in
operation, lighter than conventional
hydraulic lifters (by up to 500 kg) and feature
an electronic safety zone that instantly halts
the lifter equipment should a crew member
or passing pedestrian get too close.
According to an Ecoprocess
spokesperson, the speed of complete
removal of each Ecoprocess unit, or the
ability to interchange a two-chair domestic
lifter for a single-chair trade lifter, can
enhance RCV fleet utilization, or more easily
allow for changing operational needs, as one
unit can be removed and another installed in
less than 30 minutes. With no concerns
regarding leakage of oil (all controls are by
electric plug-in connections), Ecoprocess
units can even be replaced out on the
collection route if need be to keep downtime
to a minimum. A replacement unit can easily
fit in a mechanics panel van, or pick-up truck.
Januar yFebr uar y 2007 WASTE MANAGEMENT WORLD
Product news
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Ecoprocess electric binlifters also have
the added advantage of saving diesel fuel as
well. Tests have shown that the electric load
drawn from the trucks charging system
results in a lower fuel consumption than the
constantly changing demand for engine revs
necessary when a hydraulic binlifter is in use.
I For more information, visit
www.ecoprocess.com
Hako cleans up
German-based manufacturer Hako Machines
demonstrated its increasingly global reach
recently by providing a range of compact
sweepers to help keep the 2006 Asian Games
site at Doha clean and tidy.
The provision of a range of Hako
sweepers emphasized the value of a
mechanized solution for clearing litter and
the remains of takeaway food and beverage
containers from public facilities where image
and public safety and welfare are major issues
especially when those facilities may be in a
hot, or windy, climate. This is especially
significant to quality of service and health
and safety markers where perhaps initially
cheaper manual collection methods are
more likely to result in fatigue or
inconsistency of cleansing standards.
Hako also has another advantage it
includes a number of machines in its product
range that are also ideally suited to sports
grounds maintenance and the facilities
management operations, including the all
wheel drive/all wheel steer Tremo which, in
addition to being equipped as a vacuum
sweeper, can be configured as a
mower/collector.
Hako also produces the all-wheel-
drive/articulated HakoTrak and larger
Multicar, both of which are multi-purpose
vehicles capable of being configured either
as a vacuum sweeper, grass collector, or
snow-plough/gritter to give a full multi-
seasons capability.
www.hako.com
Moving floor expands its use
There are a number of advantages in using
moving floor systems in the handling of
waste and recycled materials. Dutch-based
manufacturer, Spiro BV, is keen to spread the
word that these advantages can apply not
only to mobile truck and trailer systems for
the transport of bulk materials, but also in
static in-plant applications as well.
For example, by using the latest
technology and manufacturing techniques,
Spiro BV has developed a range of systems,
including storage hoppers and bunkers,
loading dock areas and also in the actual
loading and dispatch process. One of the key
advantages of the continuously moving
Spiro-Floor technology is that it provides the
essential link between intermittent deliveries
of material and the needs of a continuous
process, say for example, in a materials-
processing centre of a waste-to-energy
facility. Moving-floor hoppers can be located
at any height and by using the latest
electronic controls, the speed and volume of
material can be controlled remotely and with
far less dust and noise than might be the case
with intermittent loads of material on fast-
moving conveyor systems.
Spiro-Floor units can of course also be
used in unloading processes as well the
three-cylinder hydraulic drive system with a
choice of either steel or aluminium floor
plank sections can be used in conjunction
with a wide range of waste materials
including greenwaste, compost, domestic
co-mingled waste as well as bio-based
materials such as wood waste and paper.
www.spiro-floor.com
A new baby
Italian manufacturer Dulevo has introduced a
new baby sweeper to its range the 850
Mini. This latest addition to the companys
sweeper range reflects a growing demand on
authorities to enhance the standards in inner-
zone cleansing. Increased tourism and
competition amongst towns and cities for
both business and pleasure tourism increases
the need to keep town squares, precincts and
shopping malls clean and tidy, but while
there is a requirement for a compact
solution, more tourist traffic and increased
intensity of usage means that these tasks are
no place for a lightweight machine in terms
of work output.
Thats why Dulevo has selected the
Kubota four-cylinder diesel engine and what
the company calls its Maxi drive system. This
enables a travel speed of up to 30 km/hour
(where permitted) and an ability to climb
ramps and hills of up to 25% gradient. But
because the 850 Mini has to be safe when
traversing kerbs and other obstructions, the
power unit has been positioned as low as
possible in the machine to give a low centre
of gravity, while pivot (articulated) steering
provides the ability to turn in tight areas.
Dulevo engineers have also designed a
helical spring/heavy duty shock absorber
system in the sweeper to give a comfortable
and safe ride and a comfortable cab
environment for the driver. With a compact
overall size, a sweep width of up to 1600 mm
and all the toughness inherent in the larger
Dulevo models, the 850 Mini has been
designed to give a high hourly work rate with
the minimum of downtime.
www.dulevo.com
Specialist manufacturer
flies high
Specialist machinery builder Albatros GmbH
started from very small beginnings in 1992,
but today it is increasingly known for its
ability to provide specialist engineering
expertise where specialist niche products or
individual solutions are called for, according
to founder Johann Pichler.
One key area of expertise is in the design
and construction of wire rope winches with
lift capacities of up to 60 tonnes. Albatros
units are already in service in hydroelectric
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COLLECTI ON AND TRANSPORT SPECI AL PRODUCT NEWS
plants, for example, in countries as far apart as
Iceland and India.
Another key part of the companys
operations centres on the design and
construction of specialist truck-tyre washing
facilities. Because of the semi-permanent
nature of sites where mobile facilities might
be required, Albatros is increasingly looking
to provide a contract rental capability, as well
as outright sales, although fixed units can also
be supplied. This has in turn opened up new
areas of interest in construction projects,
tunnelling and other infrastructure projects.
I For more information, visit: www.alba.at
Swiss swoosh
Winterthur-based Swiss manufacturer
Frutiger & Co is rapidly approaching the
commissioning of the 2000th MobyDick
truck and plant wheel-washing system and is
continuing to expand both its distributor and
customer base globally.
Distributors for MobyDick wheel-washing
systems can be found in Australia, Argentina,
the US and Canada and in a number of Asian
countries. With a range of eight systems
available and a whole range of custom
options, Frutiger claims to be a market leader
in wheel washing technology.
The company offers two types of
operation the MobyDick Quick drive-
through design which provides a
comprehensive side and underneath pattern
to clean tyre treads. Vehicles are driven
through this modular system, which can be
varied to suit the length of vehicles using it
from RCVs up to six-axle bulkers.
Alternatively, the MobyDick Roller
system turns the wheels of the stationary
truck automatically via powered rollers under
each wheel. This system is specifically
designed to overcome heavy mud, or where
debris might be trapped between the twin
tyres on truck drive axles, for example, with
the power of the system matched to the
degree of soiling.
All systems are designed to use water
circulation and can be constructed to include
high-capacity holding tanks with sludge
removal operations designed to be carried
out by wheeled loader. This is clearly
important on remote sites where supply may
be limited, but its also equally important
where highway safety issues determine that
water thrown up by trucks leaving a landfill or
urban waste transfer site is not permissible.
Frutiger claims that provided its installation
engineers are given the correct data, water
consumption can be as low as 510 litres per
truck washed.
www.mobydick.com
Weigh to go
Weighbridge technology specialist Avery
Weigh-Tronix and leading electronic fire and
security solutions specialists ADT are working
together to offer a new weighbridge vehicle
data collection system which incorporates
automatic number plate recognition (ANPR)
technology for the first time.
This is especially beneficial to operators
of waste and recycling vehicles, where trucks
from a number of operators or contractors
might use the same weighbridge prior to
entering a landfill site or recycling facility
especially where there is a possibility of
hazardous materials being involved
The new technology is designed to help
make data collection easier, more accurate
and faster. It is based on a closed-circuit
television (CCTV) system that uses specialist
cameras to enable the identification and
logging of each vehicle registration plate,
while ignoring extraneous information.
In landfill applications where the load
needs to be accurately recorded for both
charging and often taxation purposes, it is
vital that each truck is accurately weighed
both prior to tipping and when leaving the
site. According to Campbell Deas, General
Manager at Avery, All waste has to be
traceable so installing this system enables
unmanned sites to be used 24 hours a day,
while providing security and protection
against vandalism, as the cameras operate
with an infra-red source.
ANPR can be used to prohibit blacklisted
(banned) vehicles from a site and remotely
flag up security warnings to a remote
location if required.
www.averyweigh-tronix.com
Built in Britain
While recognizing that the economies of
scale brought about by standardization can
offer a great deal to the marketplace by virtue
of reduced costs, US-based waste equipment
specialist Heil also recognizes the needs of
local markets and of the desirability of
reducing unnecessary shipping costs of large,
bulky or heavy components that can be
sourced locally just as easily.
An excellent example of this balance can
be found in Heils European operations. At the
long-established manufacturing facility in
Dunfermline, Scotland, Heil Europe
Marketing Director, Roy Cooper, has recently
announced that all units now assembled in
Scotland for wider European markets now
contain some 93% locally sourced content.
This therefore justifies a Made in Britain
logo affixed to each Heil Europe product a
record, Roy Cooper insists, that cant be
beaten by any other UK-based manufacturer.
He also suggests that many operators are
now increasingly concerned that they are not
made aware of the origins of RCVs imported
into the EU from other countries, or the
content of those assembled from outsourced
fabrications where levels of quality and safety
are harder to determine.
A full range of Heil waste collection
vehicles is now built in Scotland for the wider
European market including the Eurocycler,
the Powertrak, the Big Bite REL and the
Powerlink RCV line as well as the FEL range.
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www.heileuro.com
Innovation given a lift
Hydraulic lorry loader cranes are an
increasingly important aspect of waste and
recycling vehicle specification when it
comes to matching operational
requirements and performance while
improving the safety of drivers and crews
as well as residents and passers by.
These factors have been recognized by
hydraulic loader specialist Palfinger AG and
formed the basis of a number of new
Performance tagged models which have
been designed to offer a lower dead weight
with even more capability in terms of
stability and outreach.
These virtues are of course of added
importance in waste handling where lorry
loader cranes may be used to lift
underground, or other purpose-built,
recycled materials containers from fixed
locations. Due to parked cars or other
obstructions, considerable time can be lost
if the collecting truck cant get in close
enough to undertake its work. This is exactly
the scenario that the newly introduced PK
5001, PK6501 and PK 85002 Performance
models are designed for.
Lorry loader cranes are also enjoying
increased usage in bulk recycled materials
and scrap transfer. Here too, Palfinger,
through its Epsilon range, has been
introducing new models suitable for grab
working. With the popularity of biofuels
looking set to increase considerably in
future, high performance and ease of
operation while working in harsh
environments become key factors in
selecting the right machine for the job.
All Epsilon units are built to meet the
requirements of DIN 15018H1/B4 and are
designed to meet the added stresses of
working with a heavy grab attachment.
www.palfinger.com
Keeping it legal
Running a large fleet of trucks on recycling
or materials reclamation operations is
always going to present potential problems
regarding legal axle and gross weights.
The changing nature of material or the
side-effects of heavy rain on material density
are sometimes hard to spot by drivers. The
cost and time delay caused by having to
send vehicles back from the weighbridge
could be seriously detrimental to profits.
To many operators, on-board weighing
equipment is the solution. But one UK-
based fleet operator has taken this policy
one stage further by ensuring all new
trucks joining its fleet have a standardized
on-board weighing system fitted from
new.
The operator is D. Morgan plc and the
system the company has standardized is the
PM1300 from manufacturer PM On-Board
Limited. Following a successful trial of 12
units, Morgan intends to equip its 35-strong
fleet with the PM1300 system as new
replacement trucks are added to the fleet.
The accurate measurement of materials
carried on heavy-duty 32-tonne gross weight,
four-axle tippers is clearly useful not only in
legal and productivity terms, it also provides a
proof to end-customers that they have
received the materials they have been
invoiced for.
At the same time, having an in-cab
screen and integrated electronics enables the
driver to not only check axle loadings as well
as gross weights, but it is possible to utilize
the same screen for viewing the CCTV
reversing camera as well as additional safety
equipment such as a built-in inclinometer.
This sends out an audio warning to the driver
if stability is compromised a major safety
factor.
www.pmonboard.com
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COLLECTI ON AND TRANSPORT SPECI AL SPARK OF I NSPI RATI ON
A few years back, we didnt expect the future to look like this.
Diesel fuel was dirty. And while the heavy-duty long-distance line
haul truck of the future would probably need to be nuclear-powered,
the urban refuse collector operating in downtown areas would almost
certainly be powered either by natural gas, electricity, or a hybrid of
both. Or so we all thought at the time.
Making the future work
Roll all these factors together and its easy to see why
predicting the future can be so difficult for both
the industrial designer and the fleet manager
looking to commit an inevitably large budget
in procuring the next generation of RCVs to
serve an entire city especially when the next
generation might still be working in a
decades time.
At one time, the purchasing decision could
go one of two ways. One was to specify a
purpose-built chassis with low-entry crew cab and
combine one of the top brand collection body/hopper
units with the best binlift system money could buy and then
hope that everything worked for long enough to amortize the cost.
Plan B was to just buy the cheapest option available on the basis
that all vehicles working in a waste collection environment were
going to get trashed anyway.
Surprisingly, today, against all the odds, the quality argument
mongst a range of challenges facing manufacturers of
refuse collection vehicles (RCVs), the fact that an ideal
collection vehicle from the truck operations/fleet
management viewpoint might not be the same vehicle
as regulations and other political, financial, or
environmental pressures dictate has got to one of the hardest to resolve.
This is particularly true for waste collection in downtown areas.
Until recently, the key factors related to payload
capacity and reliability of machines in service. Any
discussion on ease of entry for crew members
tended to be in relation to how quickly the crew
could be made to work. But even though the
collection process has been made slower as a
result of increased urban traffic, width
restrictions for heavy trucks and so-called
traffic calming measures, the biggest
challenge has become the realization that cities
would be safer, healthier places to live if emissions
of all kinds (exhaust, noise and vibration) were
reduced, while health and safety legislation now makes
reduction of industrial injuries a major design priority.
It is true to say that exhaust emissions are no longer a serious
problem, as new technologies have emerged in parallel with or in
response to European legislation. And when compared to other
fuel options, diesel remains by far the most practical. So what is
the problem?
Sweden is amongst the top-performing nations when it comes
to waste separation, recycling and recovering energy from
waste. So how exactly does a fleet of highly specialized natural-
gas-fuelled hybrid refuse collection vehicles fit into the picture?
The answer is quietly.
Spark of inspiration
Gaselectric hybrid refuse collection vehicles are helping
reduce pollution and noise in Gothenburg, Sweden
A
Today, against all
the odds, the quality
argument seems to
have won far more
battles for sales than
expected
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SPARK OF I NSPI RATI ON COLLECTI ON AND TRANSPORT SPECI AL
seems to have won far more battles for sales than expected. Even
though a commercial truck chassis might cost 30% less than a
purpose-built, low-entry cab RCV chassis, the reality is that health and
safety demands have made the low-entry-cab concept more popular
in spite of the global trend of privatization, a business climate of cost-
cutting and the currently fashionable reduction in crew sizes.
The other unforeseen factor that has a major bearing on what the
refuse collection vehicle of the future will look like relates to recycling
ratios. If a big, single-compartment RCV was ideal when all the
contents of a bin were landfilled, what is the best solution now that
those same contents are likely to be sorted into six, or even eight,
waste streams?
Coming up with the right answer is increasingly complex
especially as most urban RCVs now tip locally in a transfer station,
rather than run ever-longer distances on the highway and then
traverse rough landfill haul roads. But are there any other elements to
consider? One that comes immediately to mind is the question of
unplanned downtime and subsequent vehicle replacement. The
more specialized any new generation vehicle is, the less likely it is that
a compatible rental machine can be obtained from the commercial
hire sector. Surely setting high environmental standards means
nothing if a well used conventional diesel rental machine is all that
can be hired in as a replacement? But how can a number of extra
spare vehicles be financially justified to cover the just in case
scenario? How can all these often conflicting priorities be reconciled?
And does it not confirm that trying to operate more advanced-design
RCVs is likely to make the day-to-day operation even harder?
First-hand experience
All of these issues must occupy the mind of Lars Thulin on a daily
basis. Lars is Director of the heavy-vehicles repair and maintenance
department at Renova, the waste contracting and recycling
organization responsible for the City of Gothenburg and its 10
surrounding municipalities. But if they do cause him any headaches,
he doesnt show it.
With over 800 employees, Renova is one of the largest waste
industry operators in Sweden. The organization collected and
processed almost 700,000 tonnes of waste in 2005. Out of that total,
105,000 tonnes were recycled, while the rest was incinerated for
electricity generation and district heating to a value of 1.4 million
MWh. The core company mission statement is given as running as
environmentally friendly an operation as possible. In line with this
policy, out of almost 150 heavy trucks (plus a large number of
passenger cars and vans), a third of the fleet now runs on natural gas
fuel.
Following on from the showcasing of a new natural gas/electric
hybrid refuse collection vehicle for Renova on the Norba stand at
Septembers Entsorga event in Cologne, Germany, I was keen to visit
Gothenburg and see the future in operation for myself. There, I was
able to discuss some of the above issues with Lars at his office within
the main vehicle workshop complex in Gullbergs Strandgata, close to
Gothenburgs ferry terminal.
My first surprise was how the term natural gas/electric hybrid
applies to the specification for inner zone RCVs in the Renova fleet. Its
not what you might think. Some local authorities have tried to run
what were essentially petrol-engined truck chassis, running on natural
gas often with less-than-satisfactory results. Others have tried dual-
fuel solutions, the most promising of which utilizes a diesel start-up,
followed by a switch to either a percentage of natural gas, or in other
cases, biofuel. This seems to work better. But although such units are
quieter than comparable diesel-fuelled chassis, they still require the
engine to be running while compacting. So theyre still not zero-
One of the latest Mercedes hybrid refuse collection vehicles operated in the downtown area of Gothenburg services facilities in the busy
ferry terminal area. Note how clean one piece lines of Norba body are used to promote the quiet hybrid system to local resident
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expected EU and US legislations havent been forthcoming to make
the use of such technology mandatory. This helps explain why we
dont see many new hybrid ideas at present.
So if such zero-emissions inner city zones have yet to be
demanded by law, why has Gothenburg chosen to go the hybrid
route? Firstly, it has to be said that it doesnt take government
legislation for city authorities in Sweden to adopt systems to protect
the environment. Swedes want to do right by the environment
voluntarily even if it costs them more money in taxes and even if, by
the standards of other countries, their environment is under far less
pressure. As an example, Renova put its first natural-gas-fuelled RCVs
into service in 1994 which means the company now has over a
decades worth of ongoing operational experience.
Surprise solution
So how do Gothenburgs hybrids work? Surprisingly, the electric part
of the hybrid RCVs doest actually use electricity to drive the truck. As
Lars Thulin explained, the concept uses electricity generated by the
emission. And the hydraulic systems can still cause noise disruption to
residents hence the attraction of a hybrid solution.
In recent years, the city of Paris, working in conjunction with
specialist manufacturer Pontechelli, produced a pure battery electric
RCV, while some years ago, based on expected legislation, MAN
produced a diesel/electric hybrid truck chassis that tried to offer the
best of both worlds. That said, unfortunately (so far at least), the
RAVO sweepers - you see
them everywhere.
l e t s c r e a t e a c l e a n e r w o r l d
www.ravosweeper.com
Olympic Wintergames, Turin 2006
Delivery RAVO 540, Istanbul 2006
LEFT TO RIGHT Renova uses natural-gas-fuelled Mercedes Econic 6x2 rear-
steer RCVs with hybrid battery electric/water hydraulics system to power
hydraulics when in stationary working mode I And heres the reason
why. Rather than having diesel engine running at high revs to produce
hydraulic pump pressure via PTO, the gas-fuelled engine on Renova RCVs
shut down when the vehicle is stationary, with the power for all hydraulic
functions being driven by battery power pack able to last a full shift. This
allows units to work close to flats and offices without causing disruption.
I Jan and Roger hard at work emptying over 20 containers in one go at busy
city dairy and creamery. Renova Hybrids are used on both domestic and
commercial waste operations in downtown area. Conventional diesel RCVs
are used in suburbs and elsewhere
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trucks natural-gas-fuelled engine to power the body compaction
hydraulics, the ejector plate, and the rear binlift equipment. The
theory behind this unique concept is that it enables the hydraulic
systems to work even when the main truck engine is shut down. And
because the engine shuts down, whenever the truck is stationary, the
truck achieves zero-emissions status while working.
The latest generation of hybrid RCV is based on a combination of
Mercedes Econic chassis and Norba body/hopper units. Until recently,
Volvo RCV chassis were specified exclusively, but today, Renova
operates a mix of 30% Volvo (both conventional diesel and natural-
gas-fuelled RCVs), 30% Scania (primarily bulkwaste truck/trailer rigs)
and 30% Mercedes Econic chassis including the hybrids.
The city of Gothenburg has also pioneered the use of natural-gas
fuel stations for city council vehicles, urban buses and taxis as well as
sale to the public. I can remember being invited to see the first of
these new facilities back in the 1990s. This programme is ongoing and
today hundreds of vehicles, owned both by departments of the City
Council and arms length organizations such as Renova and
commercial operators, use these facilities during each 24-hour period.
But if the electric element isnt used to provide zero-emissions
driving in downtown areas, what was the motivation behind it? Our
original brief was to look for ways of making refuse collection vehicles
working in the inner zone of the downtown area quieter than those
using conventional PTO-powered hydraulics, Lars Thulin explained.
One of the most annoying aspects for residents was the constant
Driving To New
Heights in Recycling
Requirements
Dennis Eagle
Dennis Eagle Limited
Heathcote Way
Heathcote Industrial Estate
Warwick CV34 6TE
Tel: +44 (0)1926 458500
Fax: +44 (0)1926 316550
Email: [email protected]
www.dennis-eagle.co.uk
ABOVE Tanks for natural gas are fitted to a side of chassis and are well
protected BELOWThe high-specification argument has won in Gothenburg.
All Renova RCVs feature on-board weighing systems
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also in making real savings over conventional oil-based systems.
The bad news is that while the theory is the same
(pump/pressure/valves to give variable output and control), just
about every single component of a water-based hydraulic system is
different and often more expensive to buy than the components
used in a conventional oil-based hydraulic system.
The good news is that water doesnt contaminate the ground
when it leaks, it doesnt need specialist disposal, and water
is still far, far cheaper to buy than hydraulic oil. And
those differentials are likely to increase in the
future. But isnt the use of water in a system made
up of metal pipes in a country like Sweden
where freezing temperatures are a regular
occurrence a totally mad idea? Lars Thulin
smiles at the suggestion, We use anti-
corrosion and anti-freezing inhibitors
(Dowcow 20 monopropylen glycol) and yes, of
course we do have to take care, but the
environmental and safety advantages are still very
attractive, he explains.
For example, Renova previously used 15,000 litres of
hydraulic oil alone in a typical year which had to be
purchased, stored and disposed of. In contrast, water is literally on tap,
doesnt create a slippery hazard when leaks occur (as hydraulic oil
does) and is far easier to dispose of. As Lars Thulin explained, there is
still currently a 20% cost penalty over conventional hydraulic systems,
but part of this extra cost can be explained by the smaller production
numbers of specialized components currently.
changes in engine note as the hydraulics worked, followed by a series
of hydraulic shrieking noises while the compaction cycle was
completed. We thought that if we could find a way to reduce this kind
of noise, it would have real benefits to reducing the impact of our
vehicles on the environment.
The idea is quite simple the trucks engine provides a charge to
the battery pack while the vehicle is travelling to the next pick-up
point. When this is reached, the battery pack (which is
also charged overnight) is designed to produce
enough electrical power to both power the
compaction system and enable the container
binlift to work while the trucks engine is
switched off.
Indeed, to provide the maximum
benefit to residents and without imposing
an additional task on the driver the diesel
engine is programmed to shut down
automatically after a 30-second delay, once
the trucks parking brake has been applied.
A second surprise
Before I was allowed out with driver Jan Saler and his crew
member Roger Andersson, Lars Thulin had one more surprise in
store. Perhaps I should also explain some of our thinking behind the
use of water hydraulics, he suggested that is opposed to just about
all other waste industry applications that use various grades of
hydraulic oil. The team at Renova sees this innovation as perhaps
their biggest advance not only in protecting the environment, but
The installation of an Envac system leads to a drastic reduction of on-road transportation of waste, improved hygiene and
enhanced occupational health and safety standards. The Envac waste collection system supports source separation of
waste. Many successful cities such as Barcelona, Copenhagen, Stockholm, Hong Kong and Singapore have adopted this
technology on large scale.
Releasing valuable space for the improvement of the urban environment.
Envac Centralsug AB, SE-117 84 Stockholm, Sweden. Phone +40 {0} 8 775 32 00. Fax +40 {0} 8 720 18 10
We put waste transport where it belongs - underground
Our original
brief was to look for
ways of making refuse
collection vehicles
quieter than those using
conventional
PTO-powered
hydraulics
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trialled in 1998, a colouring agent will be added to make leak-finding
easier for service crews.
Danfoss, the key supplier to Renova, and body/hopper
manufacturer Norba now have enough technical data to consider
offering a water-based system as a standard production option
either in conjunction with the engine stop/electric motor pump drive,
or alternatively by using a conventional engine PTO pump drive,
LEFT Mercedes Econic chassis sold in Sweden feature optional low-cab
roof (designed originally for FEL applications) in order to meet cab impact
legislation. Hybrid water hydraulics/battery pack is neatly located behind
hinged false panel between cab back and front of main body
ABOVE Renova RCV fleet is made up of a mix of Mercedes and Volvo chassis.
All latest-generation Hybrids are Mercedes, while both 18- and 26-tonne
gross weight Volvo units are employed
The present water hydraulics system runs at 160 bar instead of the
225 bar used in most oil-based systems, but a new generation version
is likely to use a higher pressure to create more power. It is also likely
that based on experience gained by Renova since the idea was first
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_____________________________
But by using lighter tanks and an improved 96 volt battery pack
(the originals were 72 volts), Lars Thulin estimates the weight penalty
for the entire hybrid package can be reduced down to just 1.5 tonnes.
Of far greater significance, he suggests, is the fact that RCVs working
in downtown areas can spend anything up to 70% of their working
day completely stationary either packing, or held up in traffic. In
such cases, the hybrids are zero emission, while conventional trucks
are just wasting diesel fuel.
But to illustrate the fact that commercial factors cannot be
ignored, my visit coincided with the announcement of widespread
reorganization of collection routes and the way in which staff and
vehicles are deployed at Renova. Sweden has strong health and
safety ethic and, in comparison to many other countries, laws that
ensure a good standard of working conditions. Yet I didnt hear any
suggestions from the crews during my visit that perhaps less
resources should be spent on expensive new environmentally
friendly vehicles, when that money could be spent instead on
improved crew wages. In Sweden, everyone wants to use the best
tool for the job even if rationalization, or increased productivity,
is necessary.
This approach also helps explain why Jan Salers Mercedes Econic
6x2 rear-steer chassis with smooth-sided Norba body/hopper unit
still looked clean and smart even though it had been in service for
more than two years. Having discovered that Volvo Truck & Bus would
no longer list a natural-gas-fuelled engine in its truck programme,
Renova was forced to look for an alternative chassis supplier. That
supplier was DaimlerChrysler and the Mercedes Econic was one of
the first non-Swedish chassis to join the fleet. Following on from the
latest generation machine exhibited at Entsorga in 2006, that brings
the fleet strength up to four Mercedes Econic-based hybrids,
together with 10 original Volvo hybrids. Even the Volvo car Lars uses
on company business is fuelled by natural gas.
So how well does this unique hybrid concept work in operation?
True, there is still some noise when refuse is compacted into the
hopper. But without it being necessary for the trucks engine to be
running, not only was the overall noise level of the vehicle reduced, it
was much easier for Jan and Roger to talk to each other during the
depending on customer demand. So it should be possible to make
water hydraulics more cost-effective as well as more environmentally
friendly in the very near future. That is very exciting.
But are there any further hidden costs? Indeed, when rolled
together with a likelihood of increased unplanned downtime as a
result of running such specialized vehicles, are the local taxpayers of
Gothenburg paying a Club Class price for a less reliable service? It is
true that more specialized vehicles are likely to suffer a poorer
downtime record, just as its true that natural-gas-fuelled vehicles with
extra equipment and additional battery packs will have less potential
payload capability within a given gross weight, but our figures
suggest the difference is not that great, Lars Thulin suggested. Based
on the latest Mercedes Econic 6x2 chassis with 17.5 m
3
Norba body
equipment running at 26 tonnes gross weight, the weight penalty
equates to 2.0 tonnes using steel natural gas fuel tanks.
ABOVE LEFT Renova is responsible for both collection and bulk transfer of
waste in greater Gothenburg area. A mix of Scania and Volvo trucks are used
on bulk waste, many carrying three demountable containers, running at
60 tonnes gross ABOVE A large fleet of passenger cars and light vans in
Renova fleet are also fuelled by natural gas FACING PAGE They and larger
gas-fuelled trucks are refuelled at natural-gas stations owned and operated
by Renova in the Gothenburg area. These are also open to the general public
and trucks owned by other operators
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container loading process without shouting. This is a major health and
safety issue, as well as one with overall noise reduction
improvements.
Drawbacks? Yes, there is the loss of payload. Theres also either a
loss of body airspace potential, or a need for a longer chassis
wheelbase as the electric/hydraulic system and battery packs take up
around 350400 mm of body length. At present, a false panel is fitted
between the back of the cab and the body, but on a standard
production item, much of the necessary extra hybrid equipment
could either be located high above the cab, or within the void below
the body ejector plate.
Conclusion
After spending the morning on collection routes which took in a
number of commercial pick-ups, including a large number of heavy
1100-litre capacity containers at a local dairy and creamery, as well
as picking up containers from the ferry terminal, Id say that unlike
many so-called environmentally friendly concepts, the Gothenburg
hybrids are capable of working just as hard as conventional diesel
vehicles. They might cost more to specify and purchase, but as a 10-
year-old prototype has only recently been retired, it doesnt look as
though lack of service life is the key issue.
What really impressed me was the way in which hybrids could
be used and driven in service without compromising performance.
The Econic cab specified by Gothenburg in low-height, three-seat
form, was an ideal workplace and the automatic engine cut-out
facility made good practical sense in real life.
This is likewise the case for the electrically generated, water-
based hydraulics. Even in tough conditions, the hopper cleared just
as quickly as with a conventional machine, although I suspected the
performance of the binlift might be improved when the pressure is
increased.
There is certainly credit due to Mercedes Benz and indeed the
newly confident Norba, together with specialist suppliers such as
Danfoss. Theres also credit to the EU for providing funding for this
project. Gothenburg has gained a wealth of operational experience
that other towns and cities can benefit from.
But the biggest credit of all goes to Lars Thulin and the team at
Renova for having the will to push the technical boundaries of
refuse collection forward at a time when pressure has never been
greater to cut costs.
I This article is available on-line. Visit www.waste-management-world.com
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COLLECTI ON AND TRANSPORT SPECI AL A SHOW OF SOLI DARI TY
At the same time, many expanding manufacturing brands, such as
UK-based JCB, are busy building manufacturing facilities in China and
India to meet demand.
Conflicting pressures
So how will all these often conflicting pressures be reflected in the
actual products that we all use to control, transport and process the
growing tide of waste materials? Anyone hoping for a simple answer
will be disappointed.
For example, while many manufacturers of material
handlers suggest their customers are increasingly
calling for larger, more stable machines with higher
output and reach, the manufacturers of compact
wheeled loaders, skid steers and
crusher/compactors also seem to suggest that the
future is a compact one.
And while refuse collection vehicles and bulk
waste trailers continue to be amongst the largest and
heaviest trucks in any urban environment, theres no
denying the fact that splitting up the waste into separate
waste streams should help make it easier to downsize collection
systems, so these systems will make less of an impact on the
environment in residential districts.
Equally diverse arguments can be heard when it comes to
product quality. While the largest, multi-national waste disposal
companies might be actively pursuing a one stop shop policy in
s a visit to any trade show anywhere in the world will now
illustrate, the growing Chinese economy is here with a
vengeance. Opinion might vary on the way in which the
rest of the world interacts with China, but whichever
view you adopt, the fact is that for China to develop and
prosper, it will have to engage in the disciplines of waste reduction
and recycling far more quickly and rigidly than the rest of the
developed world has to date.
But should manufacturers look to embrace Chinese companies
as an easy option to reduce costs of manufacturing, as a
genuine trading partner in order to meet the demands
of that countrys growing internal market?
Or, as some suggest, does it make more sense to
see Chinese manufacturers as a threat, draw a line in
the sand, and concentrate on producing high-tech
or bespoke products in Europe, the US and other
established economies, while letting the emerging
economies such as China and India get on with trying
to out-do one another in a spiral of price-cutting that can
only come from economies of scale and a cheap, deregulated
labour market?
While all these issues, and more, are clearly on everybodys lips,
you wont find many common conclusions when talking to
manufacturers. At least not yet. Yes, China is both an opportunity and
a problem the latter especially because demand for steel and other
raw materials is continuing to cause huge problems for existing users.
Waste-handling machinery buyers are concerned about quality as
much as capital cost in fact, they are overwhelmingly looking for a
complete package that includes high-quality components and after-
sales support. This is evident in the machinery on show at Entsorga
and Ecomondo at the end of last year.
A show of solidarity
How manufacturers are shaping up to the future
A
China is
both an
opportunity
and a
problem

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A SHOW OF SOLI DARI TY COLLECTI ON AND TRANSPORT SPECI AL
Vehicle-based solutions
LEFT TO RIGHT, TOP ROWAlthough it looks big, this Doppstadt DW-3060,
hauled by a Mercedes Actros fitted with Loglift loading crane, is an
example of increasingly popular fast tow units used in materials reclamation
and recycling that are small enough to provide an on-site service I While
all the key manufacturers continue to develop new designs of refuse
collection vehicle this is the new Faun Curved Body range introduced at
Entsorga, complete with a facility to change hydraulic pressure on-line I
The Multicar division of Germany-based Hakowerke has, in conjunction
with Gelsenkirchen-based Contex, developed this rear-loading container-
handling system. Based on a 4.6-tonne GVW Multicar Fumo chassis (of
either 4 x 2 or 4 x 4 configuration), it works just like a conventional front-
end loader (FEL), lifts containers up to 360 litres capacity all within an
overall vehicle width of 1.60 metres. Discharge is by ejector ram MIDDLE
ROWSigns that the one stop shop approach to waste-handling systems
is winning? Major waste container manufacturer Sulo used Entsorga to
demonstrate its own design of the side loader, based on an MAN TGA
6 x 4, 26-tonne GVW chassis I Thanks to cheap air travel and growing
short break tourism, most of the worlds sweeper manufacturers report
continuing growth in demand, but Faun, part of the German Kirchhoff
Group, has also won several major orders for its Viajet range outside of
Europe, including 23 units to Qatar I Cheap or specialized? Theres little
doubt where this Scarabli truck and trailer unit on the BTE stand at
Ecomondo is coming from. Designed to take two hooklift demount bodies
one on the MAN TGA 6 x 4 truck chassis equipped with a MEC CO120.74
self-loading crane with six tine grab, the other on a Cardi drawbar trailer, it
is typical of the highly specialized waste sector carrossorie or bodywork
to be found in Italy BOTTOM ROWBig or small? Amazingly, the same
advantages offered by a maximum-capacity rig are now available at a
lower gross weight. Italian manufacturer Eco Service exhibited several
new concepts at Ecomondo including this 18-tonne low-profile hooklift
system for waste materials handling on truck chassis of between
15 and 18 tonnes gross weight. And for operators needing to haul an
additional waste stream, Eco Service got together with trailer-maker Zorzi
to produce a neat, matching two-axle drawbar trailer, too. Like Farid and
several other manufacturers, Eco Service also produces satellite units, but
has combined two ideas on one vehicle and introduced a Mini Hooklift
demountable satellite waste collection unit, suitable for 6.5 to 7.5 tonne
chassis I How light can a bulk-waste trailer be? Adamoli, based in Goito,
Italy, suggests that its Superleggero bodywork allows for a 6500 kg tare
weight on a 93 m
3
capacity moving-floor trailer, complete with rather
stylish side skirts which cover all three super single tyre-equipped axles
I Open to debate? This TMT moving-floor trailer had another unique
feature very large side-opening doors to facilitate the loading of bales of
recycled materials suitable for return loading. Moving-floor trailers are an
excellent example of where high-quality products are winning increasing
market shares away from cheaper products to produce tipping or ejector
trailers thanks to an ability to increase utilization as a result of being more
versatile I German manufacturer Unirop uses Hardox steel wear parts
and a clever construction design which enables its lightweight U-Boxx
waste containers to withstand the tough environment of the bulk waste
and recycling industries without the need for complex vertical side-
strengthening ribs. As a result, 36 m
3
capacity hooklift containers can be
built that weigh just 2200 kg unladen
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Nothing underscores the competition for global machinery sales better than
this picture taken at Ecomondo in Rimini, Italy. Materials-handling machines
from well established manufacturers such as JCB (foreground) and Liebherr
(centre) line up with machines from expanding Italian specialist, Solmec.
The Italian market alone has 10 manufacturers all fighting for market share.
Some are global players. Some essentially European. Several entirely
domestic. None come from China yet
return for substantially reduced prices of certain types of machine
that might meet their requirements anywhere in Europe (or even
further afield), the specialized, small-volume manufacturers in the
market are currently reporting extended delivery times due to
demand and are feverishly finalizing plans to increase production
capacity although certainly not in China.
They contend that only a highly personal level of after-sales
service and traditional virtues such as high-quality components and
built-to-order construction will ever meet the demands of the waste
industry.
Low cost or high quality?
So which is it to be? Is the industry that is in business to clean up after
the throwaway society itself destined to move towards low-cost,
disposable equipment that is quickly outdated by new
developments? Or will the waste and recycling industries be one of
the last strongholds of high-quality, bespoke engineering that can still
Machine-based
solutions
CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT
UK-based manufacturer JCB
celebrated the production of its
100,000th telehandler at Entsorga,
underlining the value of such
machines in waste handling and
recycling I Sennebogen and
Doppstadt machines often work
together in real life so do the two
manufacturers at exhibitions. At
Entsorga, a Sennebogen 821 wheelie
with hydraulically raised cab makes
an ideal partner to a Doppstadt
SM-720 I Whats the long-term future
for composting? Will we need more
machinery to process material, or will
a demand for biofuels change the
industry? Either way, Backhus has
reached a significant milestone by
producing its 500th machine I
Several of the top specialist brands of
materials handlers and wheeled
loaders come from manufacturers in
Germany, but Fuchs has the benefit of
a global stage as part of Terex I Not
all new products have to be big to be
interesting. At Ecomondo,
manufacturer Rammit SpA introduced
its new RG37-N rotating grapple
attachment to complement the range
of Allu screening buckets, while a
new company, LGR, based in Piadena,
Italy, introduced a new design of
shear, said to combine the best of US
and European practice
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be fixed when it goes wrong? Like with many such arguments, its the
middle ground that gets overrun first.
What were increasingly left with are the two extremes products
that are designed to work well enough for an accepted period of time,
and are then themselves recycled, as automobiles now are. And those
that are built to last, retain a high residual value and can thus be
economically repaired for further, continuous use.
So rather than asking about the origins of any machine whether
it comes from North America, western Europe, the Far East, or any
other point of the compass it looks like the over-riding question will
be whether or not the manufacturer has an established after-sales
service policy.
Surprisingly perhaps, small, often privately owned recycling,
composting and other specialized waste contractors often working
in a local area, at least in Europe and Scandinavia seem to be
increasingly going for quality over a cheap first-cost solution on waste
vehicles and hydraulic machinery. Meanwhile, the continuing growth
of the short break travel industry and the need for clean city centres
are keeping the market for high-specification precinct and highway
sweepers buoyant.
The two showcases in this article look at some specific examples
of these trends.
How Much Wood Can
You Grind In A Day?
Tons.
PO Box 1940
Jamestown, ND 58402-1940
Built to grind, built to shred. It pulverizes
and reduces trees, branches and stumps
ntc usable crganc materal cr reduces the amcunt c waste gcng ntc a landnll.
Its powered by an electronic CAT 3412 650hp or 860hp diesel engine. Equipped with
a ud clutch, an enclcsed engne ccmpartment wth the lcwest decbel readng n
its class, and a self-cleaning air intake system, it takes on heavy-duty jobs with the
highest level of productivity.
4012FL Industrial Tub Grinder
It can take in stumps, logs, branches,
pallets and green waste, turning them into
mulch and compost in no time. Powered
by a CAT C15 475hp or 540hp Tier III diesel
engne and cutntted wth a 30 wde
oscillating stacking conveyor, this machine
can take on the toughest of jobs.
Made to grind or regrind, its the most
economical grinder on the market for jobs
that dont need high horsepower. With a CAT C9 325hp diesel engine, a self-adjusting
clutch wth push-buttcn start and a sel-cleanng ar ntake system, t's bcth encent
and affordable.
3010P Industrial Tub Grinder
2009 Industrial Tub Grinder
+1 701-252-4554
www.duratech.info/world
Visitors from China to waste industry trade shows are now common. Some
will be eager buyers. Some will be manufacturers looking for trading
partners either as a way to win market share in global markets, or meet a
domestic market need. At Entsorga, a specially invited delegation looks at
biofuel technology engines on the Mercedes-Benz power systems stand
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STRI CTLY CONFI DENTI AL COLLECTI ON AND TRANSPORT SPECI AL
our own personal materials, doing the same thing on site with the far
larger quantities of material generated by a commercial organization
isnt always a practical proposition. A large number of desktop
shredders in an office sounds like a reasonable idea, but without a
paper baler this would soon pose a disposal problem. And as many
busy offices tend to be located in high-rent, downtown areas, there is
not likely to be spare floor space available, let alone the
management time needed to implement an in-house
system for shredding, collection, transport and
disposal of sensitive material.
On-site shredding
The only satisfactory solution is to have it
shredded on site where the process can be
witnessed by in-house staff and a log kept of
the visit and what was destroyed. It sounds
extreme? Maybe but thats exactly the
philosophy of Cambridge, Ontario-based
manufacturer Shred-Tech. Once you accept that the
data held on a single scrap of paper could possibly
cause several thousand dollars worth of damage if it fell into
the wrong hands, then the design and layout of the Shred-Tech
mobile MDS-25GTX system doesnt seem quite so over the top.
Of course, the concept of this form of document disposal has
been around for some time and other companies such as Ameri-
Shred and UltraShred have been active in the field of mobile
n the UK alone identity theft affected more than 100,000 people
last year and cost the British economy over 1.3 billion
(1.9 billion). Increasing incidents of identity fraud therefore need
to be taken into account when looking to promote more
stringent recycling of paper and packaging materials. What
consumers want is the reassurance that any sensitive material sent for
recycling is totally shredded and rendered safe to avoid
any personal details being harvested by criminals, at
home or abroad.
But if the statistics look worrying on a
personal level, then thats nothing
compared to the damage that might be
experienced by a commercial
organization. Sensitive commercial details
could be leaked to a rival or worse, if the
credit rating and personal details of a large
number of customers held by, say, a bank or
finance house end up being dumped
unshredded in a remote landfill either by mistake
or neglect, that could be grounds for a massive class
action. Such is the speed of communication even to
remote parts of the world that huge damage could be caused
before any preventative steps were taken.
It could be argued that the responsibility concerning the secure
disposal of any sensitive material is the responsibility of either the
individual or commercial organization that creates it. While we shred
Strictly confidential
How a Canadian shredder system is
combating identity fraud
What consumers
want is the reassurance
that any sensitive
material sent for
recycling is totally
shredded and
rendered safe
I
To combat the danger of identity fraud, Canadian-based manufacturer
Shred-Tech has put together a truck-mounted unit that offers a mobile
on-site shredding capability. Initially designed for banks and other
financial institutions, the idea could soon become an everyday part of
waste collection operations.
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COLLECTI ON AND TRANSPORT SPECI AL STRI CTLY CONFI DENTI AL
shredding. In this article we focus on Shred-Techs technology, as an
example of a global player in this increasingly important field.
The actual specification of the MDS-25GTX truck-mounted system
can be amended to suit a wide number of global and local operating
conditions, but the principles essentially remain the same. The first
requirement is a suitable truck chassis that can combine payload
and bodyspace within an overall footprint that enables it
to manoeuvre close enough to the customers
premises. Secondly, the truck must be fitted with a
power takeoff capable of generating up to 67.5 kW
of electrical power as well as supplying the
necessary hydraulic output. And thirdly, the end
result shouldnt stand out, in terms of its
appearance, from any one of dozens of normal
delivery trucks that might be found working in
any downtown area during, or even after, normal
office hours.
From a commercial contractors point of view however, visually
powerful graphics announcing the purpose of the truck might help
generate additional business. But equally, it could be argued, these
trucks would be singled out as being a potential target for criminals.
So to gain a greater understanding of the issues involved, I was able to
arrange to go out on a normal working shift with one of the regular service
routes operated by Northampton, UK-based Shred Secure Limited.
This growing operator was founded two years ago especially to
help combat the concerns over commercial confidentiality and
security involved with the disposal of documents. Based on a growing
client list and expanding area of operation, it seems to have now
become an accepted part of the waste paper collection and disposal
process. The same company also offers specialized disposal of
fluorescent tubes, printer cartridges and other sensitive office
useables to ensure these are disposed of or recycled in accordance
with corporate policies and that an audit trail is provided.
Unlike normal refuse collection operations, the on-site shredding
of paper needs to take place when office staff are at work, so for a
change, I didnt need to be out at work several hours before dawn as I
would expect to do with a normal refuse collection vehicle. The flipside
was of course that the Shred Secure truck, based on a 18-tonne gross
weight, two-axle rigid Paccar DAF LF Series chassis had to be driven
right into busy downtown areas where most office premises were
located. Our first stop was at the offices of a commercial real estate
agent, and straight away it was obvious why considerable thought
needed to be applied to the design of any secure truck-based system.
On normal everyday routes, the truck is operated single-handed
by the driver, so the process must be easy to use and safe. And as
was the situation on several of our early calls, the truck might have to
be parked some distance from the clients premises, so it must be
tamper-proof while in operation. Of course for very high-security
items, the truck could be manoeuvred into a secure compound, but
for most calls to commercial offices, the driver parks outside and takes
a lidded, wheeled bin inside the offices of the client company, to be
loaded. It is then wheeled straight to the truck and the covered,
flip-out binlift engaged.
I had wondered why Shred-Tech had gone to the
trouble of designing and building its own binlift
system, rather than using an existing design of
waste container lift now I know why. For this type
of operation there must be no spillage of waste
paper whatsoever and in this respect, the
surrounding panelling and vertically rising action of
the binlifter made sure that no material could escape
from the vehicle or be blown by the wind. The design
also ensures the safety of passers-by in that the whole
mechanism is enclosed and by virtue of its vertical action, also
ensures that a bin cannot be dislodged as it is raised by the branches of
an overhanging tree.
The design of this mobile system is not so much about payload
as offering an added value service, but as Shred Secure driver Mick
BELOW, LEFT TO RIGHT With the binlifter tunnel extended, the entire loading
process takes place out of sight. It also ensures that no material is blown by
the wind as the bin is emptied I Shred-Tech has designed its own binlifter to
work vertically within the enclosed tunnel, tipping the bin straight into the
hopper of the 698 x 406 mm cutting chamber I All controls are on flip-down
control panel beside binlifter, which is controllable from the kerb I Control
panel covers compactor, binlift and auger/walking floor activation. CCTV
screen enables driver to check on blockages without entering vehicle body
I Shred-Tech unit is mounted in front of truck body. A large offside door is
used for loading of oversize items, or material not suitable for shredding
FACING PAGE Shredded paper is transferred into main part of body by auger.
Unloading and compaction is by walking floor system I Shred Secure Limited
makes no secret of the service offered the hungry monster logo is used to
promote the service but equally, such units could be operated anonymously
At first glance, the Shred-Tech MDS-25GTX truck-mounted shredder unit
looks just like any delivery truck and looks at home in any urban environment
For this type of
operation there must
be no spillage of
waste paper
whatsoever

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Lee explained, as his operational route could cover many miles in the
course of a working shift, it is essential that all the material collected be
transported in the most efficient manner. To that end, after the material
has passed through the 18002200 kg per hour, 40-knife hydraulic
drive shredder in the front portion of the unit, the shredded paper is
then transferred via an auger to the rear part of the truck body.
On a European-style 18-tonner, the rear portion of the truck body
has an airspace of 32 m
3
. In this particular application, the installation
was undertaken on behalf of Global Recycling, the UK agent of Shred-
Tech, by bodybuilder Huttons of Melton Mowbray, UK, and it
comprised of a standard, smooth-sided dry freight box body with
Keith walking floor system for discharging the load into the baling
plant back at the Shred Secure HQ. But it would be equally possible to
have a baling plant installed within a larger truck body and perhaps
use a Pick-a-Back (piggyback) forklift truck to load completed bales
onto a trailer, or even transfer completed bales onto other normal
trucks at suitable places en-route. In this application, with the on-
board shredder and binlifter, payload is normally 5.5 tonnes, but could
be up to 7 tonnes where the Keith walking floor system is also used in
reverse to compress the load inside the body as well as discharge it.
Whatever the overall configuration, one of the key aspects of the
design is that the driver doesnt ever have to climb up into the truck
body during the shredding operation. Loading of all normal material
for shredding is via the kerbside-mounted, patented tunnel design
binlift, but larger items for disposal and items that cannot be
shredded can be loaded via a large door on the offside of the body.
This side door and the twin rear doors (used for unloading) are
normally locked. All operations are carried out by using a fold-out
kerbside control panel, which also contains a CCTV screen to monitor
the shredding process. This has the added advantage that a hard copy
of the footage can be sent to any client who requires evidence of
secure disposal. Equally, the images could be combined with the
built-in GPS location data and be used to monitor where this highly
effective vehicle was at all times. According to Shred-Tech Sales
Manager Joe Roberto, the company has already built over 1000
shredders, so the technology should be well proven.
Maximum security
The design of this self-contained waste paper shredding unit might at
first glance seem a million miles away from any concept of paper
recycling, but in fact it takes into account questions of client
confidentiality and security, so must help reduce identity theft and
fraud in future.
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COLLECTI ON AND TRANSPORT SPECI AL SMART THI NKI NG
Successful in tough applications
In contrast, Dynaset units pick up generating power direct from the
hydraulic system of an excavator, wheeled loader, or agricultural
tractor. Suitable hydraulic circuits are built into such machines, most
sites will have them on hand, and as Dynaset hydraulic welders tend
to be a fraction of the size of normal portable welding sets, they can
be easily installed. And because hydraulic power is almost for nothing
and much simpler to service than another engine, Dynaset
argues that its equipment is more reliable when
working in even the toughest applications such as
construction, demolition, mining, and of
course scrap, waste and recycling.
The same principles of a smooth, reliable
power source from a host machine could be
applied to other applications. So before long,
hydraulically powered high-pressure water
pumps, hydraulically powered air compressors
and perhaps the most versatile of them all,
hydraulically powered electricity generators all
joined the Dynaset product catalogue.
Looking to the future
In order to find out more about the company and to see for myself
how fitting Dynaset equipment to a diverse range of machines
enables operators to undertake a variety of specialist extra tasks with
just one machine I paid a visit to the Dynaset HQ at Ylojarvi, near
ynaset Oy, the company Reijo Karppinen founded in 1986,
celebrated its 20th anniversary last year and is marking its
coming of age in 2007 by stepping up production,
introducing new products and, above all, looking for
more applications where its company philosophy can
make life easier for its customers.
Today, Dynaset is a business with a turnover of 7 million a year
employing 40 highly skilled staff. It exports almost 90% of
its production throughout the world and has a
growing reputation as a centre for technical
excellence. Quite an achievement considering
Reijo started his working life as a mechanic on
his fathers farm.
The Dynaset brand is perhaps better
known for its range of compact, hydraulically
powered portable welders. How does a
hydraulic welder work? The answer is quite
simply in more ways than one. Working on the
principle that when a welder is needed out on a
remote site, it will be a long way from any mains
electricity supply, you might think that the most obvious
solution would be to utilize an auxiliary engine-powered electric
generator to power the welder. But that is likely to involve
considerable weight, extra transport costs, and danger from the
leakage (or theft) of the fuel needed for the generators engine. Plus
the whole lot will need regular servicing and attention.
Smart thinking
How auxiliary power can increase
productivity and safety
D
The same
principles of a smooth,
reliable power source
from a host machine
could be applied to other
applications
A company in Finland has built up an impressive range of auxiliary

power systems that utilize either the existing hydraulic output of
mobile plant or power takeoff from a trucks own diesel engine. The
end result is a supply of electricity, compressed air, or hot and cold
water under pressure when needed on site. And future developments
could be even more exciting.
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Tampere, Finland, to see a number of Dynaset units at work out on site
and to talk to Reijo about the future.
That first principle that any hydraulically powered machine is
likely to be physically smaller and simpler than any competitive
option is quickly underlined when seeing Dynaset water pumps
and generators being assembled. What looked like an electric
hobby welder in size terms was in fact a hydraulic welder
that could be incorporated on the rear mudwing of a tractor. It
weighed under 20 kg. A conventional heavy-duty industrial
welder of comparable output would have been 10 times the
size and much heavier.
But while not every operator will need the facility to weld
on site, just about everyone is likely to benefit from a remote
electric power source, so Dynaset hydraulic generators soon
became a key part of the product range. With capacities from
3.5 kVA/230 volt units weighing in at just 26 kg, there are now
a dozen or more standard models with capacities up to an
impressive 70 kVA/400 volt, three phase.
Smaller units work on standard 200 bar hydraulic pressure,
while the largest models require a 400 bar system, but the
principle is the same to convert readily available and safe
hydraulic output into electricity, enabling widely available power
tools and appliances to be used on site.
Compressed air option
But there might well be applications where the use of electric power
tools even with a 100 V step-down transformer is not safe. Here the
third string of Dynasets bow comes into play compressed air
power. Normally, like conventional welding sets, mobile air
compressors can be large, heavy and need regular servicing. In
contrast, Dynaset units are remarkably compact, simple and can be
mounted in any available space on the host machine. With models
from 400 litres/minute up to 7500 litres/minute at 8 bar pressure,
there are 10 standard models available. Many industries still favour
compressed air to power attachments, but air also has significant
jetting and cleaning applications.
With electricity and compressed air covered, it was only a matter
of time before the third element water under pressure came to the
attention of Dynaset designers. In fact, demountable, high-pressure
street-washing equipment has been a part of the companys product
range for many years, but recently, concerns over the environment
and a need to reduce dust emissions on site roads, has seen a
considerable growth of interest in these products. Both truck-
mounted (with hydraulic PTO, or power takeoff provision) and
wheeled loader/telehandler-mounted high-pressure washing
systems are available, as well as smaller pick-up truck and all-terrain
vehicle (ATV) mounted units. Dynaset produces its own high-quality
spray bars and lances.
Anti-graffiti and mobile vehicle-washing systems are also offered
with the common theme of ultra high pressure. Dynaset hydraulically
powered water pumps can deliver water under pressure at anything
from 200 bar up to 420, 520, 800, or even 1200 bar and flow rates from
30 litres/minute up to 600 litres/minute depending on the
application. This same technology has also taken the company into
the design of dust-suppression systems for mobile plant and
machinery and, at the top end, hydro demolition an increasingly
important application that offers many environmental advantages
over conventional steel- and concrete-cutting techniques.
High-pressure reduces usage
The advantages of hooking into a readily available power source soon
become apparent out on site. In rural Finland, it can be quite some
distance to a supply of mains electricity, while at other times of the
year, dust and mud make the provision of vehicle washing and dust
A lot of
power from
a small auxiliary
unit? The Dynaset magnet
was capable of moving a large
quantity of material at the flick of a switch
in the drivers cab
LEFT TO RIGHT Magnetic attraction. This Fiat Hitachi 360 excavator working
for metals-recycling specialist Kuusakoski is using a Dynaset magnetic
attachment powered by a Dynaset hydraulic magnet generator I This
generator unit has clearly seen some action, but in spite of sustaining some
superficial damage, continues to work well in the demanding environment of
a metals-recycling yard
SMART THI NKI NG COLLECTI ON AND TRANSPORT SPECI AL
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prevention on site roads essential. It turns out that one of the key
advantages of using very high-pressure water pump systems is the
ability to undertake tough cleaning jobs with the minimum of water
usage. And while water itself is never seemingly in short supply in
Finland not for nothing is the country called the land of a thousand
lakes storing large quantities without it freezing can be a problem.
The solution? Dynaset spray bars, lances and van-mounted
hot/cold pressure washer systems use high-quality components that
are designed to meet the toughest of operational and climatic
conditions. And as I was to discover first-hand, the quiet, hydraulic
power obtained via a crankshaft drive from an ordinary panel van
Streets ahead
in performance and
operator environment
Small but perfectly formed, the new C200 range from
Johnston is highly manoeuvrable allowing you to clean in
the tightest of spots. The new cab configuration has been
designed around the needs and comfort of the operator.
With excellent fuel efficiency due to low operating engine
rpm and advanced sweeping and cleaning technology,
the C200 range is designed to deliver maximum uptime
and unbeatable productivity. Forklift technology steering,
a short wheelbase and outstanding visibility allow
excellent manoeuvrability in small areas, and the C200s
large footprint makes it ideally suited for use on paving
and other delicate surfaces.
The C200 range from Johnston. Maximum performance
with outstanding operator environment at minimum cost.
Johnston Sweepers Ltd.
Curtis Road, Dorking, Surrey RH4 1XF, UK.
Tel: +44 (0)1306 884722
E-mail: [email protected]
www.johnstonsweepers.com
ABOVE This JCB artic loading shovel working on a construction project near
Tampere airport has been equipped with both Dynaset auxiliary power units
to provide electric power and compressed air. Here the operator is using a
high-pressure air lance to blow debris out of newly laid underground services
conduit BELOWAn auxiliary electric generator has been successfully hidden
within the frame of the machine, while the air compressor sits neatly
between the bucket loader arms without obstructing driver vision
FACING PAGE The only evidence that this JCB is capable of increased
workload is the provision of two simple red switches on the control panel,
one to activate the electric generator, the other to start the compressor
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SMART THI NKI NG COLLECTI ON AND TRANSPORT SPECI AL
engine can pack enough of a punch to clean even the muddiest
vehicle in seconds especially with the hot wash option. Other units
in the same range can be used as drain, sewer and pipeline jetters.
The use of on-board electrical power provision on a truck, mobile
excavator or wheeled loader is equally pretty much self-explanatory.
On a service or infrastructure maintenance truck, it makes sense to
have the ability to plug in a combination of hydraulic, electric or
compressed-air-powered tools or attachments, while a high-pressure
hand-held lance can enable crews to wash down machines before
driving on to the main highway from muddy site. But an electrical
generator fitted to a large 360-degree excavator in an urban metals-
recycling facility? What was that for?
Complete attachments
This was my introduction to yet another smart piece of Reijo
Karppinens thinking and what might be described as the second
phase of Dynasets product expansion programme. It sounds quite
simple in words, but once youve designed the means to convert
hydraulic power into something else high-pressure water, or
electricity its a simple matter to look for other applications.
In a metals-reprocessing site operated by Kuusakoski, the largest
privately owned recycling group in Scandinavia with facilities
throughout Scandinavia, Russia and Europe, I was able to see for
myself an excellent example of this next phase at work. Here, a
front-line Fiat Hitachi FH200LC3 360 degree crawler excavator
normally works with a five-tine rotating grab, or a set of shears,
powered off its auxiliary hydraulic circuit. But for stockpiling and
handling mountains of metal swarf, an electromagnetic grab
attachment was clearly the best tool for the job.
Any attachment that has been designed to work in a scrap-
metals-reprocessing facility needs to be both tough and reliable. In
this case, there is also the requirement for a quick turnaround time
when using the electromagnet, or demounting it. Providing a readily
available, on-board power source to control the magnetic action
was the starting point.
The compact nature of the Dynaset Hydraulic Magnet
Generator enables the unit to be mounted away from the boom of
the excavator where it might get damaged. The generator unit
working for Kuusakoski had recently suffered a considerable blow
from a falling lump of steel, scarring the casing, but it still worked fine.
But the real story here is that in helping its customers to make
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____________
their machines more versatile, Dynaset is now expanding into
attachment manufacturing and the production of more complete
products.
Dynaset scrap-metals-handling electromagnets are now
available with lifting chains, Q-fit attachment plates, or as here, with
a design that enables the unit to be gripped by the five-tine grab
which is kept in place. It is picked up by the grab and the heavy-duty
electric connections made between the attachment and the boom
of the machine a five-minute exercise. This quick deployment
could be of considerable value in recycling facilities, where handling
metal is only a part of the overall operation.
In the spotlight
But theres another new development that puts Dynaset firmly in the
waste and recycling sector spotlight. Already, high-pressure water-
LEFT TO RIGHT Electric performance. An example of how unobtrusive
Dynaset electric generator equipment can be. Here a Daewoo 160 W 360
Rubber Duck of the type found in many waste and recycling facilities is
working on a busy inner city highways maintenance project in downtown
Tampere next to the main market square an environment where the extra
noise of a diesel powered trailer type generator, or compressor would not be
welcome I The Dynaset electricity generator unit causes no extra noise or
emissions and is small enough to be located behind the cabin steps on the
frame of the machine I Using a simple van-mounted hot/cold water jetter,
this Finnish contractor is able to clean vehicles as they leave construction
sites without them depositing debris on the highway. But using high-pressure
hot water and when required steam jetting or gritblasting, the same Dynaset
equipment can also be used on environmental cleaning contracts such as
sign cleaning and graffiti removal I The compact nature of the hydraulically
powered hot/cold wash system enables all the main components, including a
heated water reservoir, to be built into a one-tonne panel van, or made
demountable if required
based products can be configured to fit a wide number of applications.
For example, theres an on-board system to automatically wash the
wheels and tyres of waste collection and disposal vehicles, driven by the
trucks own PTO. This is activated while the truck is moving slowly
forward and using 200 litres/min, can wash a complete six-axle
articulated rig in 20 seconds, according to Reijo Karppinen.
Dynaset can also supply dust suppression systems for waste-
container-handling trucks, right through to systems mounted onto
breaker and shears attachments used in demolition and recycling. Even
composting or waste-handling grabs could be fitted with anti-dust
sprays, Reijo confirms.
But the best news is yet to come. Using the same high-
pressure/low-volume technology, Dynaset is now working on a brand
new application an on-board automatic bin-washing and
disinfecting system for refuse collection vehicles. How will it work?
In much the same ways as the companys dust suppression and vehicle
wash products, Im told. High-pressure jets will be used to clean all
traces of waste from inside bins and containers, after they have been
emptied. Working on the basis that the latest refuse collection vehicles
have suitably sealed hoppers to prevent leaks, Dynaset is hoping to
make this system a one visit process that uses very little water and as
such, can be completed with the bin still in the RCV hopper.
This could do away with the need for complex bin-washing trucks
that need an expensive water-recycling system. Reijo Karppinen says
the new product will be ready for launch later this year and his
company is starting to look for waste vehicle manufacturing partners to
help market it throughout the world.
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A GROWI NG FORCE COLLECTI ON AND TRANSPORT SPECI AL
access to in addition to its own group products the successful
range of Scarab truck-mounted sweepers, the highly successful
Scarab Minor machine, as well as new markets via the Ravo/Federal
Signal connection. Taking all of these business strands together, this
now makes the Fayat Group, which has an annual turnover of 1.7
billion, a significant player in the vacuum sweeper market. And it
doesnt appear to be an accident...
Intensely competitive
As weve recently discussed in Waste Management
World, the global sweeper market is intensely
competitive. While there are a number of
manufacturers that enjoy considerable success
without producing a full range of machines,
the continuing trend of contracting out
specialist operations such as highway
sweeping which may also be linked to one all-
embracing contract hire or finance/leasing plan
tends to favour suppliers (or alliances of companies)
who can provide not only a diverse range of machines to
cover all potential requirements, but who also have the financial
resources to provide a full 24-hour-a-day service and warranty
package throughout the contract period. In other words: the bigger,
the better.
There is also another critical factor to consider that of product
design capability. I have considerable firsthand experience of the
aving initially reported on the two new Azura sweepers
from French-based manufacturer Mathieu Yno in the
SeptemberOctober issue of Waste Management World, it
would not normally be the case that a more detailed
assessment would follow on so soon. But the new Azura
2000 and Grand Azura 4000 models are so significant to the future of
the company, the parent Fayat Group, and in the sweepers market as
a whole, that they deserve further investigation especially
now that both models are now in full production at the
Toul factory in northern France. Also, after a change-
over period some months ago, production of the
original Azura model has now ceased.
But as if the simultaneous launch of not one,
but two new sweeper models wasnt important
enough, Mathieu Yno is now working on further
new models which are thought to include a
new smaller machine in the sub-compact class.
But at the same time, a strategic alliance to share
technology with the Dutch-based sweeper
manufacturer Ravo (a division of the American Federal
Signal) has also recently been announced. While the two companies
have no corporate linkage, they do have a shared history in that
Mathieu Yno is already the distributor for Ravo machines in France.
And of course fellow Fayat Group company 3D is the distributor of
UK-built Scarab sweepers for the French market.
Thats already an impressive portfolio giving the Fayat Group
A growing force
French manufacturer Mathieu Yno
seeks wider markets
Designing two
new sweepers for
simultaneous worldwide
launch is really
something

H
With the two new models announced in 2006 now in full production,
Mathieu Yno is looking to make further range additions this year. And
its future looks even more promising with the announcement of a
new strategic alliance with Ravo and the capability to share design
resources with fellow Fayat Group member company Bomag.
So what is coming next?
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COLLECTI ON AND TRANSPORT SPECI AL A GROWI NG FORCE
issue, a dramatic improvement. Some things stay the same, however.
So the easy-to-use two/four-wheel steer system and large-sized road
wheels and tyres (the same as the Ford Transit panel van/light truck
range) also feature on the Azura 2000.
Early Azura 2000 production models also feature the same basic
hopper design and sweep systems as the old model with some
improvements but a brand new plastics-based hopper is about to
go into production after intensive testing. Indeed, the use of ABS
plastics components (an injection moulded plastic) such as the fuel
tank built into the rear mudwing and the anti-dust water tank built
into the front mudwing, are both innovative and practical, reducing
painting costs and allowing for easy replacement, if required. But it
would be wrong to see these improvements as purely cosmetic. For
example, on the Azura 2000, the automotive-style quarter elliptic
roadsprings are now contained within the hollow chassis frame, and
instead of the wheelmotors often used in the drivetrain of a
hydrostatic machine, Mathieu Yno uses a more expensive but more
reliable rigid drive axle featuring a proper automotive-style
differential.
Unique feature
One of the unique features of the earlier Azura
model, retained and improved on the new
Azura 2000 and indeed also on the larger
Grand Azura 4000 is the independently
reversible brush design. Most compact
sweeper drivers would normally expect the
front-mounted brushes in a purpose-built skid
sweeper to have a leading mounting position.
That is to say, the linkages and connections are
behind the brush heads feeding the pick-up trap
mounted centrally under the cab. In contrast, Mathieu Yno
designers have long held the view that trailing brushes can give a
better performance. But having accepted that its not easy for a
manufacturer to tell its customers that theyre wrong, the latest Azura
models provide the operator with the ability to set the brushes in
leading, trailing position, use them independently, or to arc them
between the two positions, as and when required while sweeping.
When might arced brushes be needed? The answer is when there is
debris under parked cars, or when the machine is required to sweep
out cul-de-sacs or corners where debris often builds up.
Personally, I prefer to see the kerbside brush through the cabside
window. That normally guarantees the machine wont strike any
overhanging traffic signs on steeply cambered highways, while giving
a more comfortable ride as a result of the machine not riding in the
drainage gutter. On some machines, such a position doesnt always
give optimum sweeping performance. There is no such trouble with
complexities of designing cabs for specialist machines such as
sweepers and can report that the design criteria are often in direct
conflict with each other. A successful compact sweeper must have a
narrow overall width, yet seat two. It is expected to offer a standard of
comfort equal to a mid-range executive car, yet work reliably in
arduous conditions for a minimum of five years. Correspondingly,
switchgear and other controls must be ergonomic and
indestructible. Yet sweepers are only produced in a
fraction of the numbers of cars or trucks. And just to
make the job harder, even a small sub-compact
design is likely to contain exactly the same
number of components as a larger machine.
Designing a brand new sweeper is therefore a
very tough brief.
But designing two new sweepers for
simultaneous worldwide launch? That is really
something. And considering that many of the
major sweeper manufacturers active on the world
stage have already recently updated their products,
for a company like Mathieu Yno to design and produce
two technically interesting machines and put them into full
production within such a short time is something of which the
company can be immensely proud. Provided, that is, the two new
Azuras really are as good as they look. Having only previously had the
opportunity for a brief test drive of two prototype machines at the
launch, when an opportunity to put two production machines
through a more intense working trial in both urban and semi-rural
conditions in northern France, I was keen to take up the offer.
Second generation
The name Azura might be the same and so are the overall size and
2 m
3
hopper. But by automotive standards, the Azura 2000 can
justifiably claim to be an entirely new model. It is now in full
production at the Toul factory and the run-out of the old model
completed. But even though the original Azura cab was by no means
outdated, the new cab is, as I reported in our SeptemberOctober
LEFT TO RIGHT Little and large. The Azura 2000 and Grand Azura 4000
models share the same corporate look and clever design details, but as this
picture illustrates, the 4 m
3
hopper capacity 4000 is significantly larger than
the 2 m
3
capacity 2000. As our test confirmed, however, both drive
exceptionally well I Here the author uses a trailing brush position to collect
large quantities of fallen autumn leaves. The Euro-4 VM-powered machine
is working very hard, yet front water sprays keep dust levels low I The
driver positions the right-side brush assembly into a tight corner before
arcing it over to the centre of the machine. With left-side brush in rear
position, all the debris can be picked up I Early Azura models had used steel
hopper units, but this moulded plastics hopper is about to go into production,
saving weight and maintenance costs
I threw the Grand
Azura 4000 around at
maximum speed and
tried all the tricks possible
to unsettle it without
success
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I want more.
Give me Hako!
Choosing a street cleaning machine means choosing a partner. Choosing Hako
means opting for the very best in performance, and proven technology. It also means
choosing the best in economical life time costs and the best in service, during and
after you have made your choice. Make a positive choice and have a free consultation
and demonstration local to you!
For more information please call
1
+49 4531 806 311
Hako-Citymaster 1200
Hako-Werke GmbH Dept. SDIB 67 Hamburger Str. 209-239
D-23843 Bad Oldesloe Fax: +49 4531 806 338 e-mail: [email protected]
www.hako.com
EURO 4
Hako-Citymaster 2000
Serious about
sweeping!
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COLLECTI ON AND TRANSPORT SPECI AL A GROWI NG FORCE
the Azura 2000 and, reluctantly at first, I soon accepted that for most
normal sweeping duties, the trailing brush position worked fine. The
real bonus however, was the joystick control that allowed each of the
two brushes to be positioned exactly where the driver wants them, with
anti-dust water spray, brush speed and downforce all being individually
adjustable and giving a sweep width from 1250 mm to 2450 mm.
Standard cab air conditioning, low cab noise levels, and the
practical ideas like installing all the electrical systems safely inside the
cab and the use of plastic panels suggest that the Azura 2000
should continue to perform reliably and still look smart after working
in arduous conditions for many years.
Moving on up
Having soon learned to whisk debris away from parked cars without
causing damage on the Azura 2000, it was time to try the larger Grand
Azura 4000. The two machines might look very similar when parked
side-by-side, but as the model names suggest, the 4000 is a 4 m
3
hopper machine which operates at 10 tonnes GVW more than double
the weight of the 4.2 tonnes GVW Azura 2000. But while the cabin
shares many of the same clever styling cues such as the over-the-
shoulder side-view quarter windows, the 4000 immediately feels
bigger and more substantial to drive. Looks aside, the two machines are
completely different in the way the mechanical components are
configured, too. While both machines are fully hydrostatic, the 2000 has
a rear-facing engine/rear radiator, while on the 4000, the power unit
faces forwards with a forward-mounted radiator.
The 4000 was designed to be a High Speed machine with a travel
speed (where traffic regulations allow) of up to 80 km per hour. It is a
purpose-built skid machine in that its chassis structure and layout are
built entirely for sweeping operations, so getting such a heavy machine
to handle at highway speeds is a task that few designers have been able
to accomplish over the years. Therefore its gratifying to report that after
some initial learning, I was able to throw the Grand Azura 4000 around
at maximum speed, brake hard while going round corners (as might be
required in an emergency) and try all the tricks possible to unsettle it
without success.
Usually, such driving would be dangerous on the public highway,
but the reserves of handling were so advanced that I had no such
concerns. In my view, the Grand Azura sets a new standard of ride
quality, acceleration and braking for a machine of this class, which really
should make it a cost-effective alternative to admittedly far cheaper
7.5/10-tonne GVW (gross vehicle weight) truck-mounted design. This is
because, quite simply, the 4000 will sweep in more restricted areas, yet
travel between work sites just as quickly as a truck-mount, so it should
be more productive.
New possibilities
Unlike the conventionally sprung 2000, the 4000 features widely spaced
coil springs which are actually above the wheel centres to give
optimum stability and reduce roll. Both Azuras share the concept of
two-wheel (front axle) steering while in transport mode and a
selectable four-wheel-steer option when in work mode. The only other
drive component not currently featured is four-wheel drive but that
has been investigated by Mathieu Yno designers, so it might soon
become an option.
Nay g1o, zoo)
Bremen Exhibition Center, Germany
www.wte-expo.com
Hotline: +qg (o) z8 oz-g q8 q8 qo
Reserve your exhibition space now!
LEFT TO RIGHT Detail of Azura 2000 rear steer/drive axle showing substantial
differential housing and quarter leaf springs I Why good design is important.
Here the author drives the Azura off a kerb at speed in order to test stability.
Good sized wheels and tyres are vital I Here Grand Azura 4000 is used to
sweep wider, out-of-town highways. A fast highway travel speed in transport
mode is essential to get such a machine back to base quickly at the end of
shift. Sweep width ranges from 1600 mm to 3000 mm IThe cab of the 4000 also
seats two second seat is for manual sweeper but retains viewing panels
in cab floor for trap and over-the-shoulder windows behind cab B-Posts
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A GROWI NG FORCE COLLECTI ON AND TRANSPORT SPECI AL
Now that the two core models are in production, the company
designers have turned their attention to the Aquazura
washer/scrubber/drier. When based on the original Azura, this unique
unit proved very effective at cleaning paving in precincts, although at a
much slower pace than possible with a sweeper. With the new Azura
2000-based Aquazura which goes into production shortly a number
of extra improvements will be added to the specification to increase
productivity. But what else might be expected?
Xavier Pierard, the general manager of Mathieu Yno, confirmed that
company designers are also looking at ways of utilizing the existing
Azura chassis and cab components in much the same way that major
German competitor Hakowerke utilizes the Citymaster cab and
articulated chassis for its 4 x 4 City Trak infrastructure
maintenance/grounds-care machine. Therefore, a demountable
sweeper/streetwasher/showplough gritter for all seasons highway
maintenance would be a natural development which is where four-
wheel drive would be useful. Designs for such a Grand Azura 4000-
based machine are thought to be well advanced offering at least a five-
tonne payload. A smaller 2000-based unit is also an option.
But what about the possibility of a new Azura sub-compact
sweeper? I can only say possibility because Xavier Pierard would not
confirm my suspicions that a new 1 m
3
precinct sweeper using a
two/four-wheel steer format and possibly four-wheel drive as well for
added stability when climbing kerbs was likely to be the next key
model announcement. My best guess is that all these wider range
options are being developed.
Xavier Pierard did, however, confirm that Mathieu Yno is
increasingly benefiting from the industrial design and manufacturing
Truck-mounted sweepers for top performance
You will find the ideal model to fit your needs among our wide range of truck-mounted sweepers. Boasting extreme-
ly powerful suction and cleaning performance, they set the benchmark for this class of cleaning vehicle. Their robust
construction and long life guarantee maximum operational efficiency, cost effectiveness and uptime. But thats not
all. Their easy operation and maintenance make them perfect for daily use in every situation.
www.bucherschoerling.com Bucher-Schrling GmbH, Schrlingstrae 3, DE-30453 Hannover
LEFT TO RIGHT Four-wheel steering enables larger Iveco-powered
4000 machine to cut in and out of parked cars almost as easily as smaller
machine. Extra height gives the driver clear view over car roofs I The proof
that Azuras have the suction power large rocks, metal gas canister and full
five-litre plastic liquid container are ejected from the hopper after the loading
trial by the author in the factory yard
resources within Fayat Group member companies especially Bomag.
Already a world class brand in the construction and highway
engineering sectors, you cant argue with the logic of his overall vision.
With Bomag machines helping to build the worlds new highways, it
makes sense that machines from fellow Fayat Group member company,
Mathieu Yno, should help keep them in a clean and tidy condition.
And in order to keep it in the family, a family of sweeper and
highway maintenance machines will be needed.
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COLLECTI ON AND TRANSPORT SPECI AL SI LENTLY I T MOVES
to provide both the current to the traction motors and auxiliary
systems left little scope for payload. If well over half the potential
payload of a 10-tonne truck got used up carrying the energy source it
needed to work, then in tonne-per-mile terms, it was only really
comparable to a much cheaper 5-tonne truck. Unfortunately, the fact
that throughout history, electric trucks have often ended up costing
two or three times the price of a conventional diesel truck of
comparable load capacity answers most of the question.
The fact that diesel engines have continued to get
both cleaner and quieter, answers the rest of it.
A new concept
So why is the new Modec electric truck range
different? Firstly, it is totally new concept,
using the latest design technology and
materials. It is not an electric conversion of an
existing diesel truck chassis. Secondly, it uses
newly developed battery technology, rather than
row upon row of heavy yet inefficient
automotive-style leadacid batteries. And thirdly? Its
such a financially brave venture that has been executed with
such a high level of professionalism that it deserves further
investigation. Indeed, the venture is so new that at the time of Waste
Management Worlds visit to the production facility in Coventry, UK, full
production had yet to start, but that should happen in March.
Initially, three models will be produced. All share the same 3600
n March 2007, a brand new zero-emissions truck with a two-
tonne load capacity will go into production. Top of the list for
potential uses will be the whole business of refuse collection and
infrastructure maintenance in an urban environment. But heres
the big surprise it will be available for global markets in both
left- and right-hand steering as soon as production ramps up. This was
why Waste Management World was one of the first magazines to be
invited to test it.
There has always been a strong link between
alternative fuel (which historically either means
gas, electricity, or a hybrid system, but will soon
also include hydrogen) and public sector
operations. But it might surprise modern day,
ecologically friendly waste industry
professionals to learn that the idea of running
a fleet of silent, electrically powered refuse
collection vehicles is far from new. Battery
electric power was feasible from the early 1900s
and was seen as a way of helping to reduce the
choking fog caused by the widespread use of domestic
coal fires alongside the output from heavy industry. With the
internal combustion engine still in its infancy, several cities went
straight over to electric trucks from horse-drawn carts horses being
zero emission in some respects, but not others!
So why didnt the electric commercial vehicle catch on? Quite
simply because the cost and the weight of the battery packs needed
Silently it moves
The new Modec truck looks ideal
for recycling operations
I
Once familiar with
the controls, I found
it surprisingly easy to
drive and more than
able to hold its own
in busy traffic
City authorities the world over are looking for ways to reduce
noise and exhaust emissions. The brand new Modec electric
truck could meet such a need when it comes to infrastructure
maintenance, collecting materials for recycling and other light
collection duties in inner city zones.
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mm wheelbase and perimeter chassis design. All models will, initially
at least, also share the same 2-metre overall-width drivers cab with
novel rear-panel access, although there will be an option of either a
basic two-man cab (with entry platform), or a larger structure with
two conventional side doors, giving additional short-range
accommodation for the driver and four crew members. For global
markets, chassis/cab units will obviously be shipped without bodies
for local final assembly, but Modec intends to supply chassis/cab,
chassis/crewcab and complete open dropside, closed van and
electro/hydraulic tipping bodies ex-factory as well.
Using Zebra sodiumnickelchlorine battery technology
initially designed in South Africa and now produced by Mes-Dea in
Switzerland the chassis layout of the Modec is refreshingly simple.
At the front is the drivers cabin which is fully trimmed to the best
current automotive standards. It even has electric windows! In the
middle, low within the perimeter frame, is the battery pack, which
weighs just under 1 tonne. And behind that, around the rear drive
axle, is the voltage inverter and drive motor. All the control systems
are either in or under the cab floor, leaving the rest of the chassis free
of obstruction.
In size terms, the Modec is best compared to a typical little urban
delivery truck or large panel van. It looks bigger than it actually is, due
to the unique driver-over-wheels design of the cabin, which affords a
higher-than-average drivers sight line. Once familiar with the
controls, I found it surprisingly easy to drive and more than able to
hold its own in busy traffic around the busy historic city of Coventry,
UK. To stand even the remotest chance of commercial success,
alternatively fuelled vehicles have to be as fast and stable as any fossil-
fuelled vehicle and have the presence on the highway to stop drivers
of larger vehicles intimidating them.
Passed with flying colours
Im happy to report that the Modec passed this test with flying colours
as the torque produced from the 85kW/hour drive motor (equal to
104 hp), coupled with a seamless flow of power, enabled me to leave
buses, taxis and hard-driving delivery trucks standing at the numerous
traffic light intersections in the city centre. Even busy and fast-moving
traffic islands (roundabouts) held no dangers, as the stability afforded
by having the battery pack low down between the wheelbase helped
stability while cornering.
Only when forced to brake suddenly in order to avoid other
vehicles cutting into my traffic lane, or when traffic lights changed
unexpectedly, did the braking system cause concern on the pre-
production prototype I was driving. But Im informed by Trevor Power,
the Group Strategy Director at Modec, that all production trucks will
feature a regenerative braking system that will not only improve
battery range, but considerably boost braking performance.
Being a dedicated concept the Modec truck is not based on any
existing vehicle, nor does the company produce any other kind of
product there are a number of questions that will need to be
New Modec electric truck chassis offers a two-tonne payload potential within a two-metre overall width, making it ideal for central zone operations
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answered. The first I suspect will not necessarily be the outright
purchase price.
One of the biggest historic problems with any battery electrically
powered vehicle centres on range and the time needed to recharge
the battery pack for the next shift. Actual mileage covered is not
going to be the key issue for a vehicle designed for short distance,
inner city operations its the on station time that will count in
respect of a recycling collection unit, or a unit to collect litter bins, for
example.
Modec suggest that an outright range of 160 kilometres (100
miles) with a seven-hour charge time (from zero charge) is realistic
and that each battery pack should last for up to 1000 cycles. To
overcome the high initial cost of the actual battery packs, the
company will offer a fixed cost lease/rental package that helps bring
the purchase price of a complete Modec truck down to that of a
comparable diesel-powered vehicle and assuming regular short-haul
usage. Running costs should therefore compare favourably with IC-
engined vehicles. And the unit could prove considerably cheaper if
the discriminatory taxation from an inner zone congestion charge
applied to IC vehicles does not apply to hybrid or electric vehicles.
Of course, the actual chassis price has to be considered
especially as residual values assume no secondhand value. In that
respect, a chassis cab price of around 25,000 or 37,000 (less the
LEFT This is the basic two-seat cab. Entry and exit is via low-step catwalk
behind front wheel arch and central door in rear cab panel
FACING PAGE Here a four-person crewcab Modec, as tested by the author,
is engaged in stop-start delivery operation in urban area. Bodies suitable for
waste collection and recycling can be specified
Substitute Fuels - Processing Systems
Size reduction Conveying Separating
www.l -rt.com
Visit us at the ECOCITY
in Barcelona 27.2.-2.3.2007
Hall 1 / Stand F 50
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SI LENTLY I T MOVES COLLECTI ON AND TRANSPORT SPECI AL
cost of the battery pack which would normally be leased) suggests
that the Modec is, at the very least, worthy of further investigation.
So on what basis should electric vehicles be considered? The first
factor to take into account is the political one. Politicians, both
national and local, tend to preach that the rest of us should change
our lifestyles in order to save the planet while riding around in
executive jets and gas-guzzling limos themselves.
Unfortunately, politicians the world over also tend to think in
soundbite solutions. So for any initiative that has a claim to reduce
carbon emissions to be successful, it will need to be attractive. In that
respect, the Modec could be a triumph. It obviously looks different
from normal diesel-fuelled trucks. Its design enables city authorities to
claim to be practising what they preach, by operating low-emissions
vehicles. And indeed any commercial contractor could claim a
massive public relations advantage over any competitor, by investing
in such units for inner zone working.
Matching applications
What sort of applications is likely to suit the Modec best? A two-tonne
payload (or less with specialized bodywork) is a limiting factor, but a
cage tipper for special collections, litter picking and the emptying of
city centre litter bins is clearly a good place to start. But what about
recycling? A multi-waste stream, kerbside sorting body needs a low
loading height (which the Modec has) but doesnt need complex
hydraulics. A key advantage of an electric vehicle is that little noise is
created while it is stationary. And very little more when it is moving.
Using experience gained from operating Isuzu NQR 7.5-tonne
gross weight trucks as urban artic tractor units, it could well be that
Modec chassis could likewise be used as tractor units, pulling
recycling collection trailers such as those built by UK-based King
Trailers. Beyond the waste sector, they could also be used for
the delivery of office supplies and other materials internally, meals
and other supplies to hospitals, schools, or for both goods and
passenger transport in large facilities such as airports, are other
potential uses.
While the Modec company motto Quietly Changing the World
will hopefully prove to be true in a literal sense, I cant help thinking
that the availability of such an environmentally friendly little truck is
actually something to shout about.
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Tel. (+49 89) 9 49- 1 13 48 Fax (+49 89) 9 49- 1 13 49
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WASTE- TO- ENERGY WASTE TO WARM THE TOWN
same time, landfill is fast becoming a non-option for MSW
(see box Waste management in Sweden on p. 66).
CHP production is expected to double from about 5.7 TWh
in 2002 to 12.7 TWh by 2010. And the lions share of this
increase, or 5.5 TWh, is expected from biofuel-
based production including MSW, the
remainder from natural gas.
One plant exemplifying this trend is
situated in southern Sweden and is run by
local heat and power provider Jnkping
Energi AB.
Jnkping the latest
municipal CHP example
With a population of about 110,000 living
in the city and immediate surroundings,
Jnkping is Swedens ninth largest urban area.
It is also the administrative seat for the county of
Jnkping. It is estimated that as a direct result of
continuous district heat (DH) and CHP development and
expansion, the county has reduced CO
2
emissions by 54,000
tonnes per year when comparing 2003 with 1994. Although
emissions of CO
2
from DH and CHP production itself has
aste management in Sweden has evolved a long
way since the 1960s and 1970s when a number
of milestone pieces of environmental legislation
were implemented. For instance the
Environment Protection Act of 1969,
later merged with Natural Resources Act,
introduced a planning application procedure
for all new industrial establishments. And,
following the adoption in 2005 of a new
national waste management plan the
Strategy for Sustainable Waste Management
its industry looks set to continue this path
toward more sustainable waste management.
One such strategy, which is attracting
growing investment, is combined heat and
power (CHP), feeding into the nations
already well developed district heating network
(see box on facing page). The reason for this
interest is in part due to sorted municipal solid waste
(MSW) qualifying as a biofuel, resulting in more favourable CO
2
and energy taxation conditions. Together with the introduction in
2003 of tradable electricity certificates, the terms of competition
for biofuel-fired CHP plants have dramatically improved. At the
Waste to warm
the town
With the recent commissioning of the Torsvik waste-to-energy plant,
Jnkping Energi has modernized its district heating production and
almost doubled its power production capacity. The plant represents
the latest example of how Swedish municipalities are resolving waste
management, environmental and energy issues via combined heat
and power
New CHP plant for expanding Swedish city
by Alan Sherrard
W
The interest in CHP
is part due to sorted
MSW qualifying as a
biofuel, resulting in
more favourable CO
2
and energy taxation
conditions
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increased over the period, the net gain is attributed to the
expansion of DH replacing other heating forms with a
dramatic reduction of emissions as a result.
Jnkping Energi AB is, as the case in many Swedish
municipalities, wholly owned by the municipality of
Jnkping. The company, which has developed and
supplied DH to the city since the early 1980s,
already has two CHP plants operating in the city.
The smaller of the two is a landfill-gas-fired
plant located by the regional hospital. The
second is a larger plant with several boiler units
located at the Munksj paper mill.
Local waste management and
DH dilemma
The Munksj CHP plant has a total installed
boiler capacity of 118 MWth and electrical
output of 9 MWe. It was originally designed
to burn oil for generating process steam for
the paper mill back in the late 1960s. And, as
this facility began to feel its age, so the city
council found itself at a strategic crossroads.
Insufficient efficiencies due to outdated
technologies limited development possibilities at
existing DH and CHP sites within the city. And
escalating fuel prices, combined with new legislation
(see box on p. 66), prompted the city council to
investigate the feasibility of a new alternative.
Jnkping was already committed to biological
treatment (digestion) of organic waste for biogas
production and had already decided to increase the volume
and availability of vehicle fuel grade biogas. MSW was being
transported long distances to WTE facilities elsewhere at
considerable cost. Furthermore there were ambitions to further
expand the DH network to incorporate new commercial and
housing areas. Finally in late 2003, once all due national
authorities including the Swedish Environmental Protection
Agency had given the project proposal the all-clear, the city
council decided to go ahead and invest SEK 1.1 billion
(approximately 119 million) into building phase one of its own
WTE unit. Phase two will involve further investment by adding
another boiler line at Torsvik using MSW, biomass or natural gas.
This is, however, still at a feasibility stage and a decision to go
ahead with this has yet to be made by the council. With an installed boiler capacity of 60 MWth and steam
turbine generator output of 13 MWe, the Torsvik plant will
require about 20 tonnes of waste per hour. The electrical output
is variable depending on what the heat needs are. Torsvik phase
one will cover almost half the current DH needs of Jnkping,
almost doubling the current power output. It will replace much
of the oil-burning capacity at the Munksj CHP plant, bringing
oil down to less than 10% of the fuel mix for the company.
Annual production is estimated to be in the region of 340 GWth
and 80 GWe, treating up to 160,000 tonnes of municipal and
industrial waste. Although Torsvik is in many respects a
conventional WTE plant, it does have some interesting
unconventional features. The design and architecture itself is
noteworthy, as is the unique heat pump and flue gas condensing
stage which increases the overall thermal efficiency of the plant.
The Torsvik
facility is the latest addition
to the list of waste-to-energy
plants now operating in Sweden. Waste
is an important fuel source; in 2005 Swedish
WTE plants treated 3.8 million tonnes of household and industrial waste
generating 10.1 TWh heat and 0.9 TWh electricity. PHOTO: ALAN SHERRARD
District heating in Sweden
District heating (DH) in Sweden is well established. The
countrys first district heating plant was inaugurated in
Karlstad in 1948. Since then DH has grown significantly, now
supplying around 50 TWh per annum an average year in
climatic terms. DH is available in 570 of about 1930 urban
areas and has a market share of approximately 50% of all
home and commercial space heating in Sweden today. And
it continues to grow. According to the Swedish District
Heating Association, its members plan on expanding existing
networks as well as bringing DH to additional 100 or so new
urban areas.
WASTE TO WARM THE TOWN WASTE- TO- ENERGY
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Challenging site location
The chosen site is situated about 10 km south of Jnkping just
by the E4 motorway. The Torsvik area is a designated industrial
zone with light manufacturing and engineering industries along
with warehousing. The Swedish furniture giant IKEA has for
instance their Nordic distribution point located here. With its
undulating forest covered terrain, the 16-hectare large greenfield
site posed an interesting design challenge for the architects not
least because of the 18-metre height difference between the
highest and lowest point. The overall aesthetical ambition has
been to retain the horizon by designing and placing the building
so that it drops into the landscape rather than tower up over and
above it.
The exterior of the building is clad with silver-coloured
corrugated sheeting with large glass facades facing the motorway.
The visible process equipment is painted a pale yellow and the
whole interior is lit at night to give a warm glow, providing an
interesting contrast to the dark pine forest surrounding the site.
The 120 m tall flue gas stack is tear-drop-shaped rather than
round. It has a glass slit that runs the entire vertical length on the
side facing the motorway, the lift shaft housing. The end result is
that the flue stack rather looks like a gigantic thermometer,
especially at night once the lighting is on.
The Torsvik process flow
As with any such plant, transport logistics were a key factor in site
location and design of the building surrounding. Easy access to
and around the plant for the anticipated volume of 40 trucks per
day is a crucial issue, not least given further expansion plans
should phase two become a reality. The traffic flow is modelled
on a roundabout with the possibility of entering the building on
three levels. On arrival, refuse collection trucks are weighed
before proceeding to unload at the storage bunker in the
unloading hall. The unloading hall has in all seven back-tipping
stations and one side tipping station, enabling quick turn-around
times. The bunker can hold up to 20,000 m
3
material for
intermediate storage and is equipped with crane and material
grabs.
From the storage bunker, material is lifted into the boiler
feed-in funnel. Supplied by FISIA Babcock Environment, the
heart of the facility is of course the main boiler; a water-cooled
forward-moving grate with a maximum throughput of 22 tonnes
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
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4.5
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2002 2003 2004 2005
Year
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Hazardous waste Recycling Biological treatment WTE Landfill
Figure A. Total quantity of treated household waste 20022005. The total
annual tonnage of household waste over the same period rose from 4.16
to 4.3 million tonnes. Source: Swedish Waste Management 2006, Annual
publication of RVF, the Swedish Association of Waste Management
Waste management in Sweden
The Swedish waste management system is based upon the
EU principle of the waste hierarchy. In other words: reuse,
recycling, energy or nutrient recovery, with landfill being the
last resort if nothing else is possible. Moreover, all waste
must be treated. The Swedish system has three areas of
formal responsibility for waste management:
local authorities with responsibility for household waste
including hazardous waste
producers of consumer goods with responsibility for their
respective product groups
industry and business where the responsibility for waste
management does not fall into the first two categories.
Over the past decade Swedish waste management policy
has undergone changes that have led to a 50% drop in the
total amount of waste that has gone to landfill. The
introduction of steering instruments, such as producer
responsibility for end-of-life packaging, has together with
consumer awareness campaigns steadily and significantly
increased materials recycling.
Landfill tax was first levied in 2000 in a bid to stimulate
alternative treatment and recycling methods. In 2001 the
Landfill Ordinance was introduced, addressing the issue of
emissions and leachate. It stated that landfill sites must be
both air- and water-tight, and that records should be kept of
the waste sent to landfill. A ban on landfilling of combustible
waste came into force in 2002, quickly followed by a ban on
landfilling all organic waste, imposed in 2005. All sites
wanting to continue landfilling after 2008 must be in full
compliance with the Landfill Ordinance, thus meeting the
requirements of the EC Landfill Directive.
The undulating forest terrain posed a plant design challenge. This aerial view,
taken in January 2006, shows the roundabout flow and the proximity to the E4
motorway. The heat storage tank can be seen on the far left-hand side.
PHOTO: LEIF GUSTAVSSON
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for a responsible
new energy marketplace
plascoenergygroup.com
waste
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Continuous Emissions Monitoring Process Control Data Management
Opsis AB Box 244 SE- 244 02 Furulund, Sweden Tel: +46 (0)46 72 25 00
Fax: +46 (0)46 72 25 01 E-mail: [email protected] URL: http://www.opsis.se
Our main tasks are to burn waste
and produce energy, not to maintain
monitoring equipment
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Gas
Monitoring
Solutions
for
Waste
Incinerators
According to the EC Directive 2000/76/EC
MSW per hour. This type of moving grate is becoming
increasingly popular for new WTE plants and plant
refurbishments or upgrades. By water-cooling grate bars in the
main combustion zones, thermal stress is greatly reduced,
thereby increasing the service life of the grate. This is achieved
without any adverse effects on the incineration performance.
Combustion temperatures reach about 1000
o
C inside the boiler
and unburnt material at the end of the grate is removed as slag
with magnetic separation of any ferrous materials. The slag is
then transported to specialist plants for other metals recovery,
after which the remaining material is used in controlled
environments such as landfill linings. The amount of slag is
estimated at 10%15% of the fuel depending on the composition.
The steam production is up to 79.5 metric tonnes of 380
o
C
steam per hour at 41 bar in a closed-loop circuit. The generated
steam is passed through a BVI (now MAN Turbo) generator
drive steam turbine before returning via the turbine condenser to
the boiler to be reheated to steam again. The steam passing
through the turbine condenser is cooled by the incoming return
water from the DH network. A unique feature of the plant is that
the incoming return DH water can either come directly from the
network or first via the flue gas condenser or both. Either way, the
water has a temperature in the range of 4550C and it is heated
by the cooling steam to the outgoing temperature of 75110
o
C
depending on the season (higher during the winter).
On leaving the combustion chamber, flue gases pass through
a series of cleaning and condensing stages (all supplied by Alstom
Power) before entering the flue stack. The entire system has a gas
flow rate of 60,000127,000 Nm
3
per hour. The first stage is the
patented novel integrated desulphurization (NID) system for the
removal of the acidic components along with dioxin and heavy
metals such as mercury from the flue gas. The system consists of
a mixer/humidifier, a reactor and textile filter. The flue gas is led
into the NID reactor where it is mixed with humidified dust
consisting of lime, activated carbon, fly-ash and re-circulated
dust from the textile filter. From the reactor, the mixture of gas,
reaction compounds and dust is passed through the textile filter
which separates the dust and reaction compounds from the
outgoing flue gas. The dust is re-circulated with more lime and
activated carbon whereas the discharged reaction compounds are
removed to a residue silo. An estimated 4000 tonnes of residue
fuel storage
bunker
main
boiler
slag removal
steam turbine
electricity grid turbine condenser
flue gas
treatment
fly ash &
residue removal
condensate
treatment
flue gas condenser
DH
network
FIGURE 1. Torsvik process flow chart
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WASTE TO WARM THE TOWN WASTE- TO- ENERGY
pipes themselves are 80 cm in diameter, so the channel had to be
substantial in order to accommodate both the incoming and
outgoing pipe systems. Their size also meant having limited
curving options, so the channel sections had to be as straight as
possible.
Adjacent to the plant is a new large waste-sorting terminal
run by a private company Selectiva. Set on 13,000 m
2
, this
terminal can accept and sort a wide range of post-
consumer waste streams such as glass, scrap metal
and cardboard. The terminal is, however,
specialized in handling, sorting and
processing building construction and
demolition waste supplying Torsvik with
various combustible fuel fractions. Organic
waste that can be digested for biogas
production is also removed and transported
to the municipal sewage treatment works.
The terminal has a licence to process about
50,000 tonnes per annum.
The Torsvik project is just one example of how
a mid-sized municipality looks towards combined heat
and power as a way forward to resolve waste management,
environmental and energy issues for its citizens.
Alan Sherrard is Project Manager at Elmia AB, Sweden.
per annum will be produced which, due to its nature, can only be
placed in special landfill sites. At present this has been contracted
to a site in Norway, however plans are underway to secure a
suitable site within the region.
Downstream of the NID system is the wet scrubber stage.
This consists of both an acidic and neutral part removing any
residual ammonia, hydrochloric acid or sulphur dioxides. The
flue gas then enters the condenser to be cooled to
36C, preheating the incoming return DH water if
needed prior to the main turbine condenser. The
bleed from the wet scrubbers is reused within
the plant, whereas the condensate from the
condenser is led through an on-site
wastewater treatment facility before
discharge to the recipient. Finally having
being cooled by the condenser, the flue gases
are led to the stack via an induced draft (ID)
fan. The stack itself has two exhausts one for
the main boiler and the other for the auxiliary
boiler with room for a third exhaust for phase two.
As with any heating system, there are user variations
throughout the 24 hours. To keep an even incineration rate in the
boiler during demand peaks and lows, Torsvik has a 6000 m
3
hot
water storage tank. This 35-metre high tank also doubles as an
expansion tank as it is located on the highest point of the entire
DH network. Connecting Torsvik to the existing network also
proved to be a challenge, prospecting a suitable route for the 12
km distance of which half was to go through built-up areas. The
Brouwerstraat 38 Ridderkerk 2984-AR NL TEL: +31 (180) 480-855 FAX: +31 (180) 416-500
With the high demand for power, Plant Managers are
under continuous pressure to operate their plants at
optimal capacity. Key plant component life spans are
continually diminishing each year. Conventional
methods of repair/replace only consume resources
and lessen productivity of the overall plant.
Corrosion/Erosion attack reduces equipment
performance, reliability and in extreme cases; leads
to unexpected failures and shutdowns.
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The Torsvik
project is just one
example of how a mid-
sized municipality looks
towards CHP as a way
forward
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RECYCLI NG TAGGED WI TH I NTELLI GENCE
Data collection in person
Collecting data from face-to-face interviews offers valuable
insight into residential recycling habits. And handheld
computers or personal digital assistants (PDAs)
provide the technological support that makes this
legwork pay off.
The results from this type of research can
highlight any gaps between how much
householders believe theyre recycling and
their actual outputs. Where a gap is
identified, integrated communications
campaigns can be used to more deeply
engage householders and change their
habits. Those communications can be sent
just as easily on paper or SMS text message.
Lets talk waste
Designing bins to output data themselves is another
way to collate accurate information in an optimal manner.
Exemplifying this move from passive to a more active waste
container is the OptiSystem from Plastic Omnium, a leading
company in waste containment. With this technology, developed
over recent years, each bring-bank is fitted with ultrasound
nformation technology (IT) is proving to be as valuable in
waste collection as it is elsewhere. Knowing remotely when a
bin needs to be emptied is valuable information for a
waste collection authority or collector.
When armed with this knowledge, the
contractor can visit a site only when the
containers on that site are full, thus
reducing the frequency of needless
journeys and securing cost savings in
staff time, fuel as well as vehicle wear
and tear.
In addition, the foundations of
variable charging lie in an information
technology infrastructure that permits
effective communication between
household and municipality.
Charging each household for the waste
services they actually use can be a valuable tool
in the push toward reduced waste arisings and greater
diversion from landfill.
This article reviews some of the technologies available in this
sector, and explores the ways in which improved data collection
translates into improved waste collection.
Tagged with
intelligence
Data-gathering technologies look set to play an important role in
monitoring the performance of variable charging and recycling
schemes. Yet these technologies can only maximize their positive
impact if they are implemented as part of a well designed collection
and recycling system.
Applying IT in household waste collection
by Simon Dutta
I
Data collection
can highlight any
gaps between how
much householders
believe theyre recycling
and their actual
outputs
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sensors and remote messaging systems that send an SMS text
to a local authority database when nearly full (see Figure 1).
Each message updates a local authority database and
allows for constant monitoring as well as savings on
manpower and fuel. A GPS traffic light system red,
amber and green grades and informs the office of
collection urgency. This awareness system will see
the end of overflowing bring-banks in car parks
and contribute to the smooth running of
recycling initiatives.
OptiSystem is currently being trialled by
Perth & Kinross Council, Scotland. This
Council estimates that a waste collection
vehicle costs 10 (15) per mile including
fuel, labour and depreciation. While this
system is still undergoing a trial, initial
results look very favourable. Where the
system has been used in France, results
indicated an average filling rate per collected
bank of 82% (compared with a national
average of 50%). Also, early results point to a
40% decrease in the number of bring-banks
collected and a 39% decrease in the number of
kilometres covered.
Wireless technology
Advanced wireless technology is also having an
impact on the waste industry.
Looking at the broader picture, the market for
wireless technology such as radio-frequency
identification (RFID), wi-fi, global positioning systems and
GPRS (general packet radio service) is thriving. According
to the ARC Advisory Group, wireless technology has already
become the networking backbone in homes and offices
worldwide and is about to see widespread adoption where it will
have perhaps its most profound impact: on the plant floor and
out in the field. ARC states that the worldwide market for
wireless technology in manufacturing is expected to grow at a
compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 26% over the next
five years. The market was $325.7 million in 2005 and is forecast
to be over US$1 billion in 2010.
Looking at the waste industry itself, a growing application of
wireless technology is found in the use of RFID tags. Wheeled
bins can be embedded with microchips so that when scanned by
the waste collection vehicle, such tags marry the bin to its
household. The vehicle can also be fitted with technology that
weighs the contents of the bin and again tallies that to the
household. The data is recorded on an onboard computer to see
how much each household is generating.
The beauty of these tags and the accompanying weighing
technology is that they allow not only identification of the bin
itself but also specific confirmation of the recycling figures
TAGGED WI TH I NTELLI GENCE RECYCLI NG
80%
FIGURE 1. Operational schematic of OptiSystem. Each bring-bank would
send a text message to a local authority database when it is nearly full
Bin tagging
and data gathering can
shed light on individual
household recycling behaviours
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particular to each household. Using identification also gives
operators the ability to track the movement of that bin to prevent
it from going astray.
Cautious optimism
There is therefore plenty of scope for applying IT in waste
collection. But it is important to be realistic about the current
uptake of the associated technology.
The basic principles of wireless technology are clearly well
known; however, practical application to the waste industry is still
relatively novel. Weighing bins at the same time as they are
emptied has yet to be applied in a widespread context, but shows
promise for future uptake.
Case study: pay-as-you-throw in
Sictom Loir-et-Sarthe, France
This promise was reflected in the south of France, where Sictom
Loir-et-Sarthe (the local authority) faced high waste
management costs and low recycling rates. The authority
implemented a two-pronged attack introducing a general pay-
per-throw tax in conjunction with RFID technology.
Containers were distributed to each property with a
personalized ID tag. The authority then piloted Plastic Omniums
Ecosourcing identification and weighing system with 44,000
residents over five of its regions in 2004. Eight months later,
recycling rates had increased from an average of 15% to 57% and
waste-processing costs had reduced by 10% (in parallel with the
decreasing volumes of waste being generated).
Case study: variable charging in Philadelphia
Similarly impressive resulted have been achieved in the US,
where in 2006 Cascade Engineering piloted its RFID system
EcoNology to 5000 households in two Philadelphia suburbs.
The RFID system, developed by RecycleBank, uses tagged
bins which communicate with data readers and scales on waste
collection vehicles. In addition, Cascade partnered with various
local and national retailers and introduced an incentive scheme
that rewards diligent recyclers with US$5 vouchers for every 10
lbs (4.5 kg) of paper, cans or bottles recycled. This benefits both
recycling rates and business for participating retailers. However,
with the incentives come penalties for householders who are
charged for the waste they fail to recycle.
The pilot ended with dramatic results, with the percentage of
households recycling rising from 25% to 90% at the end.
Financial incentives
The two case studies make clear that financial considerations play
a central role in any programme intended to support improved
waste management.
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Technology in motion LEFT TO RIGHT The Ecosourcing ID and weighing system
lifts and weighs residential waste, paving the way for individual invoicing I The
information station: an in-cab database centrally compiles each householders bin
with its individual waste-weighing measurement I A GPS traffic light system
informs the local authority of collection urgency
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In many European countries, such as Switzerland, variable
charging is well established, green issues are high on the
agenda, and consequently recycling rates are high. The average
Swiss refuses to throw away glass and paper. Why would they,
when bottle banks are located in every supermarket and
every town has a free paper collection once a month?
Aluminium and tin may be taken to local depots, batteries
handed over at the supermarket and old oil or other chemicals
deposited at special sites.
The incentive to recycle lies in the cost for throwing away
rubbish. It soon adds up especially when faced with a charge per
bag of at least 1. 1 buys a special sticker to be fixed to a bag.
No sticker, no rubbish collection, and the bag is left outside your
house to rot.
Similarly, householders in Rome who do not separate their
rubbish can be fined up to 619 if they have a recycling bin
within 500 metres of their front door.
It will be interesting to see how intelligent bins will be used
strategically in different countries. Clearly there is scope to link
them with pay-per-throw charges, but equally carrot-and-stick
schemes can be implemented, such as the initiative from
Cascade Engineering.
The key implications of this technology
We all need and want to see an international push to raise
recycling rates. And, as mentioned earlier, RFID technology is
one way to achieve this. Gathering data in this way can:
reduce waste to landfill
reduce so-called fly-tipping
streamline the management of refuse
provide evidence to support grants for recycling initiatives,
and thereby encourage recycling
provide detailed householder data (such as
participation rates)
increase recycling rates
boost customer satisfaction by offering more efficient route
planning, equitable charging and identifying poor
collection services.
Clearly this article advocates the implementation of this type of
technology. However, operators should bear in mind that, like all
technology, RFID can break down and fail. For example, an
SMS text message could get lost in transmission or a full bring-
bank could remain uncollected or broken for weeks. Steps can be
taken to identify and respond to anomalies quickly and
efficiently, but fundamentally its the intelligent application of
technology that makes the biggest difference. And this is the
crucial point that will govern the impact of this new technology
on the waste industry.
Simon Dutta is Marketing Director, Northern Europe,
Plastic Omnium. He is based in the UK.
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VECOPLAN Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG D-56470 Bad Marienberg Tel.+49-0-2661-6267-0
Shredding
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For processing of alternative fuel (RDF),
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and for sorting of recyclable materials
From the pre-shredding, screening and sorting
till re-shredding and conveying technology:
all under one roof.
Engineering, manufacturing and commissioning.
Notes on implementing RFID
The success of a new RFID programme depends to a large
extent on the care taken during implementation. Waste
Management World magazine asked William C. Anderson from
Genesta, a company specializing in automated data collection
technologies, for his input on RFID technology. Here is his
response
Many factors affect the implementation of RFID for
automated data collection.
First, it is essential that users understand the capabilities
and limitations of RFID. Because RFID tags can be read in
harsh and dirty environments, it is attractive for solid waste
management. However, many expect, and others claim, it
can do more than is possible.
Second, RFID is a complicated technological system. To
be successful, careful
integration of the complete system from the tag to the
users software using the data collected is required.
Inadequate design and failure to effectively incorporate all
hardware and software components of the system will result
in frustration and extra expense, if not outright failure.
Finally, RFID technology continues to change. Users
should select service providers that have proven capability in
RFID applications and the requisite technical and financial
capabilities to serve their needs tomorrow as well as today.
G.R.
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The SMi Group present our
4th Annual Conference on...
PPP/PFI in the
Waste Sector
14th & 15th March 2007, The Hatton, London
Why you should attend:
Gain valuable insight into new
developments in waste policy, the
procurement and standardisation process
and European landfill targets
Learn about the challenges that PFI can
bring and the alternatives that can be
used
Hear local authorities discussing their
experiences with waste PFI projects along
with the results that are being produced
Update yourself on new technology
developments in the marketplace as well
as the latest in waste treatment facilities
Review the latest issues surrounding the
successful closure of PFI projects and
how problems can be avoided along the
way
Exceptional speaker line up including six case studies:
John Burns, Director of the Waste Implementation Programme, DEFRA
Alan Sadler, Project Director, 4ps
Tim Judson, Director of Procurement, Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority
Malvin Trigg, Assistant Director, Nottinghamshire County Council
Philip Gibby, Director, Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, The National Audit Office
Mathias Pahlke, Head of Waste & Environmental Services, Nord LB
John Thistlewood, Contract Procurement Manager, Cheshire County Council
Dr Hugh Bulson, Managing Director, Organic Resource Agency
Bernard Warr, Head of Waste Management, Cambridgeshire County Council
Phil Davies, Head of Waste Management and Transport, London Borough of Southwark
Dr Niranjan Patel, Contract Implementation Manager, Cornwall County Council
John Gibbs, Director, PricewaterhouseCoopers
Nicholas Hallett, Technical Director, Mott MacDonald
Peter Jones, Director of External Relations, Biffa Waste Services Ltd
Register online at
www.smi-online.co.uk/pppwaste5.asp
Alternatively contact Andrew Gibbons on tel: +44 (0)20 7827 6156
or email:[email protected]
GROUP DISCOUNTS AVAILABLE
PUBLIC SECTOR
PARTICIPANTS RECEIVE
300 DISCOUNT
PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT OF LOCAL
AUTHORITY WASTE PROJECT PROCUREMENT
13th March 2007, The Hatton, London
In association with Mott MacDonald
PLUS A HALF-DAY PRE-CONFERENCE EXECUTIVE BRIEFING
Supported by Silver Sponsor Sponsored by
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nd
B IncornacIonaI
SgmposIum MBT BOO?
MechanicaI-bioIogicaI treatment and automatic sorting
of municipaI soIid waste
Conference with professionaI simuItaneous transIation
EngIish - German - French - ItaIian
22 - 24 May 2007 in Hanover, Germany
PrinicipaI topics:
General and nternational Aspects of MBT
Plant Concepts and Experiences
New Techniques and Optimisation
Mechanical Treatment and Automatic Sorting
Refuse Derived Fuels (RDF) and Recycled Materials
Biological Treatment
Sampling and Analytical Methods
Emissions and Emission Treatment
Posters on Additional Topics
Please download the detailed conference programme and the registration form from the
conference section of our website www.wasteconsuIt.de. The Symposium comprises
3 conference days.
The conference is accompanied by a commercial exhibition. There are many
possibilities of advertisement and endorsement at the nternational Symposium MBT
2007 and in the conference proceedings. Please get further information from our
website and contact us! - [email protected]
With participants from 31 countries, the previous
Symposium MBT 2005 became the internationally
most recognised conference on MBT. By extending
the conference with two additional languages and
including automatic waste sorting technology
Symposium MBT 2007 will expand its position.
wascoconsuIc
I N T E R N A T I O N A L
Robert-Koch-Str. 48b 30853 Langenhagen Germany
Tel. +49 (0)511 23 59 383 FAX +49 (0)511 23 59 384
[email protected] www.wasteconsult.de
Mechanical-biological waste treatment (MBT) is an efficient and comparatively cheap
way to recycle parts of the residual waste and to reduce organic input into landfills. Get
the relevant information and learn about the practical experiences with this future
technology at the Second nternational Symposium MBT 2007!
With
CommerciaI
Exhibition
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___________________
_______________
1910. Ford was interested in making plastic from agricultural
waste. In 1941, he succeeded and produced a plastic car from
soybean waste mixed with other components to increase its strength.
Since then, the market for biodegradable products has
expanded into a large variety of sectors, such as compostable
bags, cutlery, food packaging and plant pots.
Applications in the biomedical field are growing,
including surgical fixation, controlled drug
delivery and tissue-engineering scaffolds. And
even a wedding dress has been made of a tissue
of fabric created with NatureWorks
biopolymer.
The size of the market for these products
is growing as stakeholders seek alternatives to
petrochemical-based products. This is reflected
in the emergence in 2006 of Bioplastics, a
magazine dedicated to this industry alone.
Advances in bioplastics
As environmental concerns become more prominent, stimulating
greater debate and greater investment in the bioplastics sector, so
the range of biodegradable products expands. It is impossible to
cover all developments in an article such as this; however,
ioplastics contribute to climate protection, save
fossil resources and create jobs in future-oriented
sectors, said Heinz Zourek at the first European
Bioplastics Conference in November 2006. Zourek
is not alone in his view. Indeed, for those who feel
increasingly swamped in an avalanche of packaging
waste, this may sound like basic common sense.
The use of bioplastics is becoming more
common in the packaging industry and in the
manufacture of catering and hygiene products.
But as this nascent industry grows, is the waste
industry prepared for what lies ahead?
Truly, biodegradable products should in
principle reduce our dependence on landfills.
However, this will not happen automatically.
The right infrastructure is required, coupled with
a more widespread understanding of how to handle
this relatively new waste stream.
Background
According to Jennifer Farin from the Rochester Institute of
Technology, US, the first documented interest in producing
plastic from renewable resources came from Henry Ford around
Biofocals
Bioplastics are evolving rapidly. The European industry predicts
significant growth in 2007, particularly in biopackaging. As the range
of materials and markets continue to expand, the potential
implications for the waste industry are undergoing close scrutiny.
The short- and long-term impacts of
bioplastics on the waste industry
by Guy Robinson
B
BI OFOCALS BI OWASTE
Even a wedding
dress has been made
of a fabric created
with a bioplastic
polymer

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BI OWASTE BI OFOCALS
European Bioplastics an association for the European
bioplastics industry summarizes recent advances as follows:
new PLA films with high-density polyethylene (HDPE)
properties have been produced by FKuR Kunststoff GmbH
Treofan has introduced white PLA films and peelable PLD
lid films
Metalized film has been manufactured from cellulose by
Innovia Films, and from PLA by Treofan
Natura has launched fully compostable labels made from
paper or PLA bioplastic
Foamed bioplastic trays are available from Coopbox and
Sirap Gema
the first completely biodegradable bottle was introduced by
Ihr Platz
a full range of master batches for PLA and starch-based
materials are available from PolyOne and Sukano.
The market
2006 was a good year, according to European Bioplastics.
Numerous stores throughout Europe are introducing
biopackaging and users interest has grown across all product
sectors. Commercially, this is driven by:
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Makin the
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Compostin Reactor
Mobile heptunus
Autoclave
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i in makin
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Conveyors
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Members of olleraaf Roldin
Bollegraaf Recycling Machinery
P.O. Box 321, 9900 AH Appingedam, The Netherlands
Tel. +31 (0)596 65 43 33, Fax +31 (0)596 62 53 90, [email protected]
Lubo Screening & Recycling Systems b.v.
P.O. Box 2222, 7801 CE Emmen, The Netherlands
Tel. +31 (0)591 66 80 80, Fax +31 (0)591 66 80 88, [email protected]
Bioplastics: the basics
The building blocks for most biodegradable plastics are
derived from crops such as maize, wheat and potatoes and
thus can be considered a renewable source. These building
blocks namely starch (a naturally occurring polymer) or
polylactic acid (PLA) break down over time to yield carbon
dioxide and water. If this degradation occurs in a formal
composting environment and the materials used have
complied with one of the relevant standards, then the
products are deemed compostable. Unsurprisingly, since the
products originate from a renewable source, they are deemed
more environmentally friendly than non-renewable plastics.
Tomatoes wrapped in NatureFlex. Packaging is a popular bioplastic product.
PHOTO: INNOVIA
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Currently the bioplastics market share of total plastics
consumption in Europe accounts for less than 1%; however, the
Association indicates that companies from this sector anticipate
continued strong positive growth in 2007.
raised consumer environmental awareness
companies being increasingly prepared to actively support
sustainable development
the sharp rise in raw material and energy prices.
Case study: local integration
Novamont a major player in the bioplastics industry has
recently opened a green biorefinery in Terni, Italy. It views the
development of biorefineries which use renewable raw
materials that are produced locally and operate in an integrated
chain as a central part of the companys plans for the future.
The company has 120 employees (30% specializing in
research and development) and in 2005 had a registered
turnover of 35 million, 60% of which was made abroad. 10%
of this amount was invested in research and development. Its
Mater-Bi brand is one of the best known products in this sector.
Mater-Bi tableware and hygiene products. PHOTO: NOVAMONT
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Frank Ernst, Business Development Manager at Treofan,
comments: We at Treofan do business in both areas traditional
fossil plastics and bioplastics. We can already see a dramatic shift
towards sustainable packaging made of annually renewable
resources.
This shift has been picked up by the conventional packaging
industry too. In September 2006 The British Plastics Federation
(BPF) raised serious questions following the announcement by
Sainsburys one of the largest UK supermarkets of its aim to
use compostable plastic packaging for its organic produce and
ready meal range, in place of conventional plastics materials.
Peter Davis, BPF Director General, commented: The
development of biodegradable plastics represents an important
innovation with a part to play, but the full environmental costs of
growing and processing crops into packaging need to be borne in
mind. Furthermore, depending on the packaging type,
composting can produce increased carbon dioxide and methane
emissions, both greenhouse gases. To divert more waste from
landfill, we need to consider all the options, including increased
recycling and energy-from-waste capacity.
Waste management concerns
The outlook for bioplastics would therefore appear to be good;
however, the implications for the waste industry merit further
exploration.
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Waste treatment
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February, 27
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Gran Via exhibition centre
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Compostable packaging used by UK supermarket chain Sainsburys. PHOTO:
NOVAMONT I Strawberries in a NatureWorks PLA punnet. PHOTO: AUTOBAR
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organizations and local recyclers in the US challenged
NatureWorks plans to push its new PLA bioplastic in bottles.
The coalition called on NatureWorks to agree to a moratorium
on any further expansion of PLA in bottles until the bio-resins
recyclability has been demonstrated. In particular, their concern
rested on the economic viability of recycling or composting PLA
bottles and on the potentially negative impact of PLA bottles on
the economics of PET bottle recycling.
Brenda Platt from the Institute for Local Self-Reliance
(ILSR) commented as follows: No recycling infrastructure exists
for plastic cutlery, plates and cups. We want bio-based companies
to focus on replacing non-recyclable disposable plastic products
such as polystyrene. Stay away from bottles, which have a well
established recycling system.
According to Ian Bartle, and independent consultant and
former Chairman of the UK Compostable Packaging Group,
bioplastics present two challenges that need to be overcome if the
potential benefits of this technology are to be realized:
Many bioplastics are very similar in appearance to
conventional plastics. Hence educating consumers on how
best to handle these materials must be an important priority.
Bioplastics used in food packaging must be composted in an
in-vessel or enclosed system to comply with Animal
By-Products Regulations, and the number of relevant
facilities must be increased to support significant use.
Bartle also highlights a growing concern over products that are
termed oxo-degradable and oxo-biodegradable. These are
manufactured from conventional polyethylene and their
degradation takes three to four years. This is not a viable time-
frame within conventional composting standards.
And these are not the only concerns. Tom L. Eng, Sales and
Marketing Director from TiTech Visionsort, comments: While
TiTech Visionsort has carried out trials that have proven the
ability of its technology to sort biodegradable materials out of a
mixed waste stream, certain TiTech customers have already
questioned the use of the material which would seem to promote
the return to landfill. This highlights the uncertainty that
currently exists in this sector, which has already proved
unsettling for some stakeholders.
In October 2006, a coalition of citizen and recycling
In order to comply with the Animal By-Products Regulations, the composting of
bioplastics used in food packaging should be done in enclosed systems. PHOTO:
NEW EARTH SOLUTIONS
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An emerging opportunity
The waste management industry has previously adapted to
transition impacted by large-scale industrial change and
consequently established operations are periodically subject to
radical overhaul. If the biological sector is to meet its challenge,
then serious investment will be required.
Peter Mills, Contracts Director at New Earth Solutions Ltd,
views the current situation in the UK optimistically: The
biological treatment sector has never had a greater
opportunity to demonstrate its contribution to
dealing with the UKs recycling and landfill
diversion requirements.
The most pragmatic approach is to
encourage a change in the nature of the
packaging. We are seeing a ready acceptance
of biodegradable plastics and so we should be
encouraging the use of these within packaging
systems. The biological treatments sector can
handle the volumes and types of waste requiring
diversion from landfill, but industry wide, the sector
will need to review the types of technologies employed, and
their capacity to adapt in line with a changing waste flow, while
ensuring that previous issues concerning odours and bio-aerosols
are addressed and resolved.
New Earth technology has the proven capacity to divert over
80% of the biodegradable content of municipal waste from
landfill via a non-thermal biological technology as measured by
the Organic Resource Agency (ORA), and our methodology was
recently the first of its kind to be assessed according to
Environment Agency guidance.
We have already proved that bioplastics can be processed
effectively. It is imperative to recognize the value inherent in
products and source-segregated waste that cannot be processed
via composting treatments. Where a product is non-
biodegradable we employ physical sorting processes and
recovery technology to ensure the successful
stabilization and recovery of residual waste
containing metals and highly valuable fossil
carbon. Be it a source-segregated or residual
waste treatment process, the over-riding
principle is one of giving waste a second
chance, of capture and recovery. And as
product packaging and industry must
evolve in line with higher environmental
objectives, so must the technology that
serves it.
Questions remain
The bioplastics industry still remains relatively young, but it
is evolving rapidly. To support further expansion of this sector,
the industry will require a supportive regulatory framework.
European Bioplastics points to the established legal framework
which made it possible for the renewable energy and biofuels
sector to reach their current strong positions and highlights that
renewable products lack such measures on a European level.
In addition, the industry must jostle for position with other
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The bioplastics
industry must jostle
for position with other
stakeholders in the
waste management
chain
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To fnd our world wide network go to our homepage
stakeholders in the waste management chain. And, if they have
not already done so, the manufacturers of biodegradable
products should be prepared to establish the credibility of their
products as truly environmentally benign.
Dr Jane Gilbert, Chief Executive of the UK Composting
Association, commented: Bioplastics products currently
marketed in the UK are made from materials that differ widely in
their degradability. To ensure that they break down adequately
during composting, bioplastic waste that is intended to be
recovered in this way must be certified compliant with the
relevant European standard.
Bioplastics have the potential to assist with separate
collection schemes but there remains significant potential for
confusion at composting sites. Plastic contamination remains one
of the biggest challenges for compost producers. This is why
certified polymers should be used and backed up with a
comprehensive communications campaign for end-users.
Returning to the debate surrounding the PLA bottles by
NatureWorks, Tom Padia, speaking as a member of the Plastic
Redesign Projects PLA Committee, said the groups had three
core questions that NatureWorks needs to adequately address
before PLA bottles should be made:
Can PLA be economically depolymerized and recycled,
including for food-grade bottles?
Can PLA be mechanically recycled, including into food-
grade bottles, in a technically and economically feasible
manner?
Can PLA in volume be adequately sorted from PET to
enable high-end markets for the PET?
These sorts of questions need to be addressed across the range of
biodegradable products and applications to ensure a thriving
future.
Guy Robinson is Commissioning Editor of
Waste Management World.
Acknowledgements
Thanks are paid in particular to Peter Mills, Contracts Director
from New Earth Solutions Ltd for his input into this article.
Bioplastic waste that is intended to be composted must be compliant with the
relevant environmental and material standard. PHOTO: NEW EARTH SOLUTIONS
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LANDFI LL THE VALUE OF SPACE
films biodegradable plastic films that remain in place after
deployment
tarps fire-resistant nylon materials, usually with straps and
chains
netting either a burlap or plastic, tightly woven mesh
foams sprayable urea-based foams (originating from
fire-fighting foams).
Dishing the dirt on daily covers
In the UK as well as in other EU member
countries, soil (or dirt) is the Environment
Agencys prescriptive cover material, but it is
worth asking the question whether this makes
sense. When a landfill in these countries closes,
20%30% of the material contained will be soil
or dirt that has been used to for either daily cover,
the creation of haul roads, or the construction of
interior walls.
In any country promoting alternative methods of disposal, a
greater focus on recycling, and increased life of existing landfills,
it is more than merely sensible to consider using alternative daily
cover materials (ADCM). In fact, their use should be integrated
into the national solid waste strategy supported by the landfill
andfill operations and environmental agencies throughout
developed countries require some form of cover material
to be placed over the surface of all new waste that is
deposited in the landfill at the end of each day. The
general environmental objective of placing a cover daily
is to control blowing litter, odours, fires and vectors
(birds, insects and animals). Generally, the soil that
might be excavated to create the cells where the
waste is deposited is sometimes used as the
cover material.
However, since the soil must be used for
other cover purposes such as interim or
intermediate cover as well as final capping,
often it must be stockpiled and stored.
This leads to shortages of soil, and therefore
a need for alternative materials. The alternative
materials that exist in the UK and elsewhere
throughout the world at present include:
revenue-generating cover waste materials approved by
regulatory agencies
slurry-based products for example, ConCover or ProGuard
materials
The value of space
Soil may not be an ideal landfill daily cover material as it can take up
valuable space. Where landfill space is scarce and tipping fees can
generate significant income, landfill managers may consider using
space-saving alternatives.
Effective use of alternative daily cover materials
to extend the life of landfills
by Milton F. Knight
Added tax
revenue would have
been generated
without building a
new landfill

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how lifts (working-face width, length and depth) are
constructed (horizontal lifts generally give you better
compaction). Lifts are the dimensional depiction of the new
material going into the landfill each day. The lift can be
described as a thin, large, flattened rectangular box, or a
thicker and smaller top surface area rectangular box.
Unfortunately not all of the above factors are within the control
of the landfill operator. Three of the factors are in the
operators control: buying the compacting equipment,
choosing the daily cover, and the engineering of the placement,
thickness and width of the lifts. What is used as an ADCM and
the size of the surface area of the lift have a big impact on the
daily cost of cover.
Tips on choosing the right ADCM
Choosing to use an ADCM is one of the quickest ways to save
space and extend the life of a landfill. That said, it is worth
bearing in mind the following considerations:
industry and government. A case study exemplifies the
economic rationale for making this change:
Economic rationale: case study
For a number of years, a 7000-tonne-per-day
municipal landfill in the UK taking in largely
household waste used dirt as its primary
daily and intermediate cover material. The
site manager and the municipality
calculated that if they replaced dirt with an
alternative daily cover material that took
up substantially less space, the landfill
would conserve over 106,000 cubic yards
(81,042 m
3
) of space each year,
assuming that the specific density of the
waste would be 1 metric tonne per m
3
.
The net present value of the increased
gate income resulting from the increased
capacity over a period of seven more years
before final closure was more than
10 million (1.5 million). The way to
attain those savings is through the use of an
ADCM that has little or no thickness.
Government policy objectives
Government policy in the UK and elsewhere
would be well advised to emphasize and promote
the use of ADCMs not only for extending the life of
a landfill, but also for continuing the flow of tax revenue
for those extended years.
Continuing with the UK landfill example, the additional
tax revenues generated for the previously noted landfill would
have been over 1.2 million (1.8 million) for each remaining
year of existence, based on a tax of 15 (23) per tonne per
year. Assuming that a landfills life continued for another eight
years, the total increased tax revenue would have exceeded
8 million (12 million).
This added tax revenue would have been generated without
building a new landfill, and only from utilizing the existing
space more efficiently.
Fitting as much waste into the landfill as
you can
The economic rule in deciding what to put into a landfill is to
minimize soil and maximize the amount of waste. The
operational rule is then to maximize the density of the waste
per cubic metre or per cubic yard. If you increase the amount
of waste that goes into each cubic metre, you can maximize the
financial return for each cubic metre of space constructed.
Maximizing density is impacted by several factors:
moisture content of the waste (wet waste compacts better)
the type of waste (some construction waste does not compact
well)
weather and local climate
operational factors such as the weight of a compactor, the
diameter and width of the compacting wheels, and the
number of times the compactor goes over the waste
Alternative daily
cover material used on a
US landfill
THE VALUE OF SPACE LANDFI LL
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For revenue-generating cover that has been approved for use
as a daily cover by the regulatory agencies, consider how
much of the material you get each day. Are you getting more
than you need? What do you do with the extra? Will it cause
problems inside the landfill such as redirecting leachate to
side hills, or chemically impacting on your leachate? Are you
filling up your space with cheap waste for cash flow reasons?
Can you mix the material when you want to?
Can you use the equipment for only one purpose or multiple
purposes?
How do your employees like the material, which includes
mixing, ease of application, and clean up?
Evaluate the cost per square metre.
Evaluate the coverage.
Effective landfill management
To take advantage of using ADCMs, you need to be able to
minimize the need to put soil or dirt over the waste for haul
roads and tipping areas. Lifts need to be engineered and
constructed so the working face you spray today will not need
to be covered over with soil the next day. Total surface area of
a working face or todays lift is also a key component to be
minimized, which would translate into spraying less product
used to cover this area.
An optimally planned and engineered lift will have a width,
length and thickness for the active area (working face) that
maximizes the compaction of the waste, and minimizes the area
that must be covered. Where thickness is minimal, compaction
may increase, but the total width and length will result in a
large surface area that requires either more soil or a larger
amount of the ADCM to meet regulatory requirements.
Although there is some debate about whether flat lifts or
sloped lifts get better compaction, one statistic favours the flat
lift. A flat lift is favoured because a compactor can increase the
number of wheel revolutions in an eight-hour period by going
3 miles (5 km) per hour as opposed to 1.5 miles (2.3 km) per
hour. Doubling the speed doubles the tooth penetrations.
However, flat lifts yield to placing soil over yesterdays waste
for haul roads and tipping areas.
Figure 1 shows how horizontal lifts are created with an
alternative daily cover placed over the waste at the end of a day
of landfilling.
todays waste
yesterdays waste
soil and stone used
for haul road
alternative daily cover
new soil and stone to be placed
for haul road the next day
Figure 1. The creation of horizontal lifts
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everything in sight. Even with high volumes of waste, it doesnt throw in the towel. Efficient hydrostatic drive reduces fuel consumption, while wire
cutters and dual scraper bars keep wheels clean for optimum compaction results. The special oscillating articulated joint keeps all four wheels on the
ground for outstanding traction. A sealed belly pan prevents waste from entering the engine compartment.
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The photograph of a UK landfill above shows an actual
landfill using a flat lift profile, placing the haul road on top,
which negates the space-saving aspect of using an ADCM. The
haul road and tipping area can be removed before the next lift
is placed to minimize soil usage. The real benefit of using an
ADCM is dispensing with the need to put soil between the lifts.
Figure 2 shows the space saved for two horizontal lifts
placed in the landfill if you can eliminate the soil haul road, or
at least eliminate or minimize the soil left in the landfill from
the creation of a haul road for each lift.
The solution requires the following:
create lifts so that the amount of soil that is used each day for
the tipping area (area where the waste trucks back up and
dump their waste) is minimized
make the surface area where you apply your ADCM is an area
where you will not drive over with your waste trucks.
In flat lifts, the waste is brought in on a haul road that is
created on the surface of the waste deposited the previous day.
The dotted rectangle in Figure 1 reflects the soil and stone that
would be deposited the next day over the waste which had
already been covered with an ADCM.
The ADCM in Figure 1 is represented by the bold black
line above the waste. The only value the ADCM provides is to
save some time at the end of every day, but the next day,
soil has to be brought in to place over the ADCM, so that
trucks laden with waste can move their loads close to the
tipping area.
waste lift #1 waste lift #1
daily cover
waste lift #2
waste lift #2
daily cover
daily cover
daily cover
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Landfill using soil as daily cover Landfill using ADCM as daily cover
S
p
a
c
e

t
a
k
e
n

u
p

(
c
m
)
Figure 2. Comparison of saved space between horizontal lift profile and landfill
not having to use soil over old waste for haul roads
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A UK landfill using a flat lift profile and ADCM
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Establishing lifts on a 1 to 4 grade, and pushing the waste
uphill (see Figure 3) creates a working-face lift where the
largest surface area is not going to be transited by trucks
hauling waste. It also makes sure that it is ADCM rather then
soil that is going to be the cover later between each lift. Pushing
the waste uphill is not mandatory. You can set up the process by
pushing the waste downhill while you are compacting.
The haul road and the tipping area move only marginally
each day. Figure 3 shows the portion of the tipping area and
haul road that is removed before the next days waste is added.
The daily cover ADCM layers between each lift are shown
in Figure 3. Because we are not transiting over this waste with
our waste trucks, there is little soil or dirt needed to create haul
roads. Along the top of lift (the area noted for interim
alternative cover or soil), is an area that could be coated with
an ADCM that has a longer life span.
At some point, when the series of sloped lifts shown in
Figure 3 are completed, you would begin to construct the next
series of lifts. You will at this point need to create a haul road
and tipping area that will cross the waste surface to the point
where you will begin to construct your next series of sloped
lifts. But again, it is important to remove the soil as you move
back across the surface of the old series of waste lifts.
What is the cost of the ADCM?
In nearly all cases, the value of the space saved is 2030 times
greater than the cost of purchasing the ADCM. This is
inclusive of the labour cost to apply the ADCM. There should
be no reason a landfill manager today doesnt look at or
consider using an approved ADCM. Although there is a time
when the phrase if it aint broke, dont fix it may make sense,
if you have not at least explored using an ADCM, you are
throwing away good money.
The future: real values of space
Globally, the focus is on landfill diversion. Recycling targets tell
us that we want to achieve waste recycling at levels in excess of
50%, maybe someday at levels of 80%90%. Alternate waste
technologies and new goals of recycling foretell a reduction in
demand for landfill space. The truth, however, is that the world
is still going through cycles of population growth and movement.
7
th
International Automobile Recycling Congress
March 21 23, 2007, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Keynote Speakers:
Karl-Heinz Florenz, Member of the European Parliament, Germany
Ivan Hodac tbc, European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA), Belgium
Prof. lr. Wijnand L. Dalmijn, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
The leading experts in the field of automobile recycling will meet in Amsterdam and discuss
the following topics:
Where are the new booming car markets? What are the consequences for recycling industry?
Worldwide country reports on recycling activities
How do car manufacturers and the industry close the recycling loop?
New plants and recycling technologies
Raising scrap prices What is the impact for the industry?
The participants of this congress have the chance to visit GRANUBAND,
HKS Metals, MALTHA or RNS.
For further information, please contact:
ICM AG, International Congress &Marketing, Schwaderhof 524, 5708 Birrwil, Switzerland
Phone: +41 62 785 10 00, Fax: +41 62 785 10 05, [email protected], www.icm.ch
Congress program and registration form available at www.icm.ch
D
o
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s
g
o
g
lo
b
a
l?
ADCM (daily cover
material) that goes
between lifts
waste lifts
interim cover or soil
new waste lift
to be put in place
haul road
portion of tipping pad or haul road to be
removed before new lift to be put in
Figure 3. Pushing the waste uphill creating the longest section for covering
with an ADCM
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In the UK the actual amount of waste is growing at just
under double-digit levels, yet the country is focused on both
developing and using alternate waste technologies, and
increasing the focus on recycling efforts.
Tipping fees over the past 10 years have increased, in part
due to taxes levied on the waste, but also in part due to the laws
of supply and demand, specifically fewer landfills and growing
waste. With additions to the UKs population coming from the
European continent and other parts of the world, it is unlikely
that we will see a reduction in demand for landfills as holders of
household waste.
This picture is true in China, with the exception that the
population movement is from the rural areas to the urban areas.
Imagine the pressures that would be exerted on the
infrastructure when over 400 million people will move to the
urban areas in the next five years. Although different in scale,
managing and building strategies for the handling of household
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waste are equally as important to EU member countries.
Thus to understand the real value of a cubic metre of waste,
we cannot look to the fees that are charged per metric tonne as
the waste transits over the scales at the landfill. We need to look
to look at what the fees will be in 1020 years, driven by the
following factors:
a declining stockpile of available storage space for waste
an increased flow of waste, caused by a mobile (foreign)
population moving to where employment, better living
standards, higher levels of economic freedoms exist
increased costs of construction and for materials used in the
creation of the space available. These increased costs include
increases in the operating costs for the equipment used
everyday. And one should not forget price fluctuations in diesel
oil, steel and lubricants.
It should come as no surprise that more and more of the landfill
companies and controlling political subdivisions in the UK,
other EU member countries, or China are investigating and
implementing measures to conserve space and thereby
materially extend the life of their landfills.
Milton F. Knight is CEO of New Waste Concepts and
Director of NWC-UK Ltd.
A Chinese landfill using a flat lift profile testing an alternative cover material,
NWCs ProGuard IIB
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RECYCLI NG GETTI NG SORTED
introduction. But the advances in sorting technologies do merit
further exploration. And it is for this reason that Waste
Management World visited the headquarters of two international
companies active in this sector.
Pellenc moves from grapes to
waste
Some of the best tales begin with a glass of
wine. In this case, the history of an entire
waste management company begins in a
vineyard. Founded in 1973 originally to
supply technology for harvesting grapes
effectively, Pellenc S.A. has diversified into
the waste sector with the establishment of
Pellenc Selective Technologies (PST) as a
separate company in 2004. Its presence in the
waste sector shows a youthful enthusiasm
reflected in the staff I encountered during a recent
visit to the companys headquarters in Pertuis near Aix-en-
Provence, France.
With an average age of about 30 for its staff, and a significant
R&D department still in operation, it is clear that PST is a
company looking to the future. And a range of high-resolution
ccording to the European Commissions You Control
Climate Change campaign launched last year,
recycling one aluminium can saves 90% of the energy
needed to produce a new one 9 kg of CO
2
emissions per kilogramme of aluminium.
For 1 kg of recycled plastics, the saving is 1.5 kg of
CO
2
; for 1 kg of recycled glass, it is 300 g of
CO
2
; and recycling 1 kg of paper instead of
landfilling it avoids 900 g of CO
2
emissions
as well as methane emissions.
Such statistics clearly support the
environmental argument for waste sorting.
And the value of recovered materials
provides the economic teeth that stimulates
further investment. For example, the demand
for steel has lead to record recycling levels. The
Steel Recycling Institute announced that the
recycling rate for steel increased to 75.7% in the US
during 2005. In Europe over 2.3 million tonnes of steel
packaging were recycled in 2005 (according to the industry
association APEAL), equating to an average recycling rate of
63% in the EU-25 and an increase of 6% on the previous year.
The case for sorting waste therefore requires relatively little
Getting sorted
As countries worldwide seek to boost recycling levels, the
significance of effective sorting technologies becomes increasingly
apparent. Two leading companies in this field Pellenc and Steinert
are developing new technologies to maximize the accuracy of
sorting waste.
Advances in plastics and metals sorting
by Guy Robinson
A
The value of
recovered materials
provides the
economic teeth that
stimulates further
investment
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sorting machines is one of the main results from this drive,
which are 2.5 times more accurate than the companys
standard machines.
Two of the principal sorting technologies from PST are:
Mistral: sorting by material. This technology can be
used for sorting plastics, electronic and electrical
waste (WEEE), refuse-derived fuel (RDF) and
compost.
Sirocco: sorting by colour. This technology is
particularly well suite to sorting plastics, and
as a result, PST has established its name
particularly in the field of PET sorting.
A recent development is the capacity to
combine these two into one machine, termed
Bi-technology. This means that the user can
calibrate the same machine to sort by
material type and colour.
Sorting plastics for MRFs
During my visit, I witnessed the companys
new demonstration facility as well as receiving a
guided tour around the manufacturing plant and
R&D facility. I was treated to a demonstration of
its Bi-technology in action and it was impressive.
With a user-friendly interface, the technology
was clearly easy to operate, selecting between Mistral
or Sirocco operations. Under either setting, there is
scope for three fractions to be ejected. The machine has a
standard working width of 8002000 mm and has a
capacity of about 6 tonnes per hour, handled on a conveyor
belt that moves at approximately 1.53.0 metres per second.
Looking at plastics in particular, the machine can sort
between HDPE, PET and PVC, as well as between plastic bottles
of different colours. According to Florence Aliberti,
Communication Coordinator, some bottle manufacturers send
through samples of their latest new bottle design for Pellenc to
test. Clearly this makes sense, to ensure new designs do not move
away from what can be practically sorted and recycled.
It is also worth highlighting that even for the Bi-technology
machines the equipment comprises a single module which
includes all options and functions. This means the aesthetics of
the machine are more attractive and that the initial outlay covers
all requisite parts that is, customers do not need to purchase an
extra chassis, air conditioning, overvoltage protection or air tank
separately.
Looking to the future
In 2006, PST focused in particular on new markets such as
commercial and industrial waste, refuse derived fuel (RDF) and
dirty MRFs.
Looking to the future, one of the growing markets will be in
WEEE sorting. At present, the market for sorting WEEE is still
being established in Europe, as countries push forward to
implement the WEEE Directive. PSTs WEEE sorting machine
aims for a purity of up to 98%, detecting and separating 10 mm
fractions from shredded equipment.
In the week before my visit, Pellenc had sold a plastics sorting
machine to Asia. This is the other point worth mentioning when
Pellenc Selective Technologies
In 2002, Pellenc S.A. launched a subsidiary company to explore
the potential for applying its grape-harvesting technology and
expertise to the waste sector. Initially focused on research and
development, the subsidiary Pellenc Selective Technologies
(PST) became an independent company in 2004.
With customers from countries including the US and Japan,
PST currently employs over 50 staff and has representatives in
Ireland, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Canada, the US and South
Korea. At the time of writing, the company is seeking agents in
the UK and Japan, two important future markets.
Machines
like this one by
Pellenc
Selective Technologies can
sort between different types of
plastics
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looking ahead. PST continues to push into new markets, while
retaining a client-led focus to any new discussion. For example, it
is sometimes not vital that the client understand all the workings
of the machine, providing that it is easy to use. Pellenc machines
have a built-in reminder for when they need to be cleaned. And
they need to have a capacity to work in an environment from
20C to +40C degrees (from Canada to the Arabian Peninsula).
While Pellenc equipment may cost more than other machines
in this sector, like wine, it can sometimes be worth paying that
little bit extra.
Steinert senses the value of metal
I also had the pleasure of visiting the home of another company
active in the field of materials separation, namely Steinert in
Cologne, Germany. During this trip, Steinert showed me its
complete range of equipment, and were particularly proud to
launch its XSS machine. This equipment makes use of an X-ray
source to distinguish between light and heavy non-ferrous
metals, organic and inorganic material, PVC and other plastics.
Steinert is not the first company to use X-ray technology for
sorting. One other recent, significant development in this field is
the acquisition by TiTech Visionsort AS of the German company
CommoDaS, a leading provider of advanced recognition and
sorting technology, including X-ray technology.
That said, XSS is the third line of sensor sorting technology
from Steinert, and this new equipment attracted significant
interest during the recent company open day Steinert Open 06.
Sorting by X-rays
The XSS process uses a conveyor belt for material feed. The
working belt currently has a width of 1 metre while a greater
width is under development and a throughput of about 40 m
3
per hour. The process can handle particles ranging from 500 to
200 mm and its air compressor runs on 75 kW.
X-rays are fired at the material and relative absorption is
measured at two energy levels (dual energy). Absorption of the
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ABOVE Pellenc Selective Technologies machines, shown under construction here
on the factory floor, sort plastics by colour and material FACING PAGE Steinerts
XSS uses X-ray technology to sort different materials
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GETTI NG SORTED RECYCLI NG
high-intensity direct radiation is absorbed in the X-ray unit, while
low-intensity scattered radiation is shielded by steel (a few
millimetres thick) or lead (less than 1 mm thick). This means that
the unit is completely encapsulated and the radiation level is less
than 1 millisievert (mSv) per hour at a distance of 10 cm. This
adheres to a standard international radiation threshold of
1 mSv/year for a factory environment.
An immediate sale
Since its open day, Steinert has reported that Matec Inc., a
Japanese customer, was so pleased with the system that it decided
to purchase the system on the first day of the demonstration on
23 October 2006. The final negotiations between the
managements were held the following day. The result was a
contract concluded for an XSS machine, along with a colour-
sorting system FSS and a non-ferrous metals separator for fine-
X-rays depends upon the material thickness and material density.
By using dual energy a practice also applied in the medical
sector the measurements focus on material density and neglect
the influence of material thickness.
During the demonstration, the XSS machine showed its
ability to separate light metals from a composite of metals. This
can be valuable, for example, in the extraction of aluminium from
a copper-rich mixture. Conventionally, this operation is
undertaken by sink-float separation systems.
Is radioactivity a problem?
An obvious concern in this type of technology is radioactivity.
When asked about this, Mr Kohaupt, Sales Director, stated that
Steinert history
Ferdinand Steinert established Ferdinand Steinert
Elektromagnetische Aufbereitungsanlagen in 1889 in the city
of Cologne, Germany. Having spotted the potential for
magnetic separation, Steinert developed magnets that could
be used to reclaim iron from slag, coal and other minerals.
This iron is especially useful as scrap for charging
blast furnaces.
Since 1931, Steinert Elektromagnetbau GmbH has
belonged to a group of companies controlled by the
Buchholz family. The group is active in various markets,
including separation technology and the finishing of
metal surfaces.
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grain separation. Matec will boost its colour-sorting capability
with this purchase, and expects the new range of installed
equipment will provide it with a real competitive advantage.
New markets for Steinert
After establishing Steinert US in 2003 and Steinert Sturton-Gill
in Australia in 2005, another significant recent development for
the company is the founding of Steinert Latinoamericana (STL)
in September 2006. STL is a joint venture under the leadership
of Steinert GmbH in Cologne, Germany and the Brazilian
companies Haver & Boecker Latinoamericana in Campinas and
Transpor in Belo Horizonte. The clear aim is to enhance the
market for sorting technology in South America.
And this is not the only area of growth. In the summer of
2006, Steinert agreed new plans with Elektromag, headquartered
in Mumbai, India. Under the new agreement, Steinert has
granted Elektromag a licence for manufacturing heavy-lifting
magnets. Elektromag will also act as representative for Steinerts
sorting technology in India. The strategic vision is to strengthen
Steinerts position in the material-sorting market.
Continual evolution
The expansion and diversification of both Steinert and Pellenc
reflect the active nature of this field. And after seeing the activities
of other companies such as Titech, S&S and RTT, one is left with
a growing sense that we now have the technical know-how to
separate and recover a wide variety of materials.
According to Ulrich Kohaupt at Steinert, efficiency in
recycling is more than ever driven by recovery rate, purity and
process durability. As the operation of both Steinert and Pellenc
passes from generation to generation, in parallel we can witness
the evolution of equipment from new machines to 2nd, 3rd and
4th generation technologies.
For those who have not seen sorting machines in action, they
are well worth a look!
Guy Robinson is Commissioning Editor of
Waste Management World.
21055 Gorla Minore (Italy)
Phone +39 0331 36.51.35
Fax +39 0331 36.52.15
Via Colombo, 144
www.sig.it
ISO 9001:2000
CONVEYOR BELTS
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Steinert has global ambitions and has already expanded into the US, Australia
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INTEGRATED THINKING I NTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT
The small island nation of Singapore where waste
production rose six-fold from 1970 to 2000 has been
facing the challenge of handling waste with limited space.
Integrated planning and the goals towards zero waste and
zero landfill are now turning the tide on waste.
by Vincent Teo
Integrated thinking
Solid waste management in Singapore
Waste minimization
Starting at the top of the waste hierarchy, naturally a key
objective is to reduce waste production. In this regard, the main
portion of Singapores non-combustible waste comes from
construction waste, stabilized industrial sludge and used copper
slag from the marine industries, residues and ashes.
Over the years, much of these have been diverted for
reprocessing. For instance, 94% of the construction
and demolition waste was recycled in 2005. At the
same time, the country has also adopted specific
measures to minimize waste generation, such as
the careful selection of design and construction
methods that minimize waste production. For
example, contractors who want to tender for
large government projects are required to be
ISO-14001 certified.
By undertaking these measures, Singapore is
taking a big leap forward to achieving the ultimate goal
of Towards Zero Landfill. And it is not resting on its
achievements so far. The next step is to raise the bar by striving
for zero waste. This means moving upstream to avoid waste at
source and bringing the producers of waste on board to
collaborate with the NEA and the community to reduce waste.
ingapore is a highly urbanized and industrialized small
island nation with a land area of 697 km
2
and a
population of 4.2 million. It has four waste-to-energy
refuse incineration plants and an offshore sanitary
landfill for the disposal of non-combustible waste.
Given that the rate of waste disposed by its citizens had
risen six-fold between 1970 and 2000, it is no surprise
that the nation has set an ambitious target to
achieve zero landfill. Indeed, if this growth in
waste were not curtailed, Singapore would
need to build a new 3000-tonne/day
incineration plant every five to seven years
and a new 350-hectare landfill every 25 years
to cope with the waste.
To address this potential problem,
Singapore has set up an integrated solid waste
management system in the past three decades that
incorporates recycling, collection and disposal.
Working hand in hand with key stakeholders in the private
and government sectors as well as the general public, Singapores
National Environment Agency (NEA) has formulated a range of
strategies and programmes to achieve its objectives for curbing
waste growth and supporting sustainable waste management.
S
Singapore is
taking a big
leap forward to
achieving the goal
of zero
landfill
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industrial and commercial sectors. These companies have to pay
for the collection and disposal of their waste. This approach,
coupled with encouragement by the National Environment
Agency, has helped to motivate the industrial and commercial
sectors to recycle wastes such as metals, construction and
demolition waste, horticultural and wood waste, slag, plastic
and some types of food waste. In 2005, 94% of construction
and demolition waste, 92% of ferrous waste, 51% of
horticultural waste and 7% of food waste were recycled.
To promote adoption of innovative environmental
technologies, the NEA has set up a SG$20 million
(10 million) Innovation for Environmental Sustainability
(IES) Fund. The IES Fund provides financial grants to assist
Singapore-based companies to defray part of the cost for
trialling innovative environmental technologies that could
contribute to environmental sustainability. Recycling projects
supported by the IES Fund include:
production of pre-cast concrete drainage channels using
recycled aggregates
conversion of horticultural waste into packaging materials
processing of ladle furnace slag, a by-product of the
steel-making process, into road construction material.
The recycling industry in Singapore comprises companies with
the capability and capacity to recycle and process electronic
waste, food waste, wood waste, horticultural waste, used copper
slag, construction and demolition waste, ferrous waste and
plastic waste.
Recycling in the community
In April 2001, the NEA launched the National Recycling
Programme (NRP) to provide a convenient means for residents
of public and private housing estates to recycle. Under the NRP,
recycling bags or bins are distributed to each household for
residents to store their recyclables. The recyclables are collected
once every two weeks by the appointed recycling companies.
The participation rate in the NRP was 15% at the start of
the programme and reached 56% in 2005. To further enhance
the NRP, the NEA is working with its partners to provide all
housing estates with recycling bins placed at convenient
locations. This will make it even more convenient for residents
to recycle as they will be able to deposit their recyclables
For example, the NEA, the Singapore Environment Council,
major supermarkets and the Singapore Retailers Association
jointly launched the campaign Why Waste Plastic Bags? Choose
Reusable Bags in February 2006.
NEA has also initiated a voluntary packaging waste
programme with the industry to reduce packaging waste in
Singapore. The agreement is scheduled to be finalized and
signed by mid 2007 and would last for five years.
Recycling
The second strategy the NEA adopted is to promote waste
recycling in the industrial and commercial sectors as well as in
households.
Recycling commercial and industrial waste
About half the waste disposed of in Singapore comes from the
The
Semakau
offshore island
landfill receives
the non-recyclable,
non-combustible parts of
Singapores waste and is designed to
be in harmony with the surrounding ecosystem
I NTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT INTEGRATED THINKING
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I NTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT INTEGRATED THINKING
talks on the environment and assist in planning, organizing and
running recycling/environmental activities.
3P partnership and public awareness
Changing mindsets and influencing behaviour take time.To do so,
the NEA has been engaging grassroots organizations, non-
governmental organizations and educational institutions in
holding environment-related events and encouraging them to lead
in reaching out to the rest of the community. This is referred to
as the 3P sectors partnership referring to the people
(general public), private (non-government) and
public (government) sectors.
The educational and awareness programmes
on the 3Rs have to be sustained and targeted to
the community, schools and the work force.
One such awareness campaign is the annual
Recycling Day. The aim of the campaign is to
keep reminding the public schools, community,
non-governmental organizations and recycling
companies of the importance of recycling.
At the opening ceremony of Recycling Day 2006,
the Minister for the Environment and Water Resources, Dr
Yaacob Ibrahim, launched a new scheme to recover and recycle
used drinks cartons. The scheme was a collaborative project with
Tetra Pak Singapore and the recycling companies.
Volume reduction through incineration
Given the land scarcity constraint, it is not surprising that
Singapore has adopted waste-to-energy as a disposal method.
whenever they want, in addition to the collection every two
weeks.
Public recycling bins
Furthermore, almost 6000 public recycling bins have been
placed at locations with high human traffic. These include
places outside several mass rapid transit (local train)
stations, food centres, bus interchanges, airport
terminals and pedestrian malls.
Recycling in schools
In September 2002, the Recycling Corner
Programme for schools was launched with
the aim of educating and inculcating good
3R (reduce, reuse and recycle) habits in
young people. Recycling bins for paper, drink
cans and plastic bottles are placed at Recycling
Corners within school premises. Students take
charge of the Recycling Corners and put up interesting
information and displays about the 3Rs.
These activities help generate interest and build a sense of
ownership among the students. By the end of 2006, 84% of
schools had joined the Recycling Corner Programme.
Highly enthusiastic students are also identified by the
schools and trained as Environment Champions to promote
recycling in their schools. They are responsible for conducting
Painstaking
efforts have
been made to
protect the islands
ecosystem
ABOVE A marine transfer station receives non-combustible waste which is then

loaded onto barges and shipped to the landfill ABOVE RIGHT The waste is
unloaded from the barges onto dump trucks
Search our website for regular news
and to access our feature archive:
WWW.WASTE-MANAGEMENT-WORLD.COM
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INTEGRATED THINKING I NTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT
Incineration reduces waste volume by 90% and only the ash
remaining after incineration and the non-combustible waste,
which constitutes 10% of waste disposed, is sent to Singapores
only landfill Semakau landfill.
The incineration plants are fitted with advanced pollution
control equipment comprising electrostatic precipitators, lime
injectors and fabric filters to treat and clean the flue gas from the
combustion process. Heat from combustion is used to generate
steam in boilers which drives turbines to produce electricity. In
2005, the four plants generated a combined total of 938,284
MWh of electricity. Scrap iron is also recovered and recycled at
a local steel mill.
Although incineration offers the advantage of high waste
volume reduction and helps to conserve landfill space, it is by
itself not adequate if more waste is generated each year. This
would then put additional demand to build more incineration
plants and landfills.
Semakau landfill
The SG$610 million (305 million) offshore Semakau Landfill
extends over an area of 350 hectares and has a fill capacity of 63
million m
3
.To create the offshore landfill space, a 7 km perimeter
bund (embankment) was built to enclose part of the eastern sea
area off the island, Pulau Semakau, as well as another small
island, Pulau Sakeng. The entire perimeter bund is then lined
with an impermeable membrane. Any leachate generated within
the site is treated in a dedicated leachate treatment plant to
national discharge standards and the effluent is discharged into
the sea.
A corresponding marine transfer station, which sits on a
seven-hectare site on the western end of the main island of
Singapore, receives waste which is dumped into barges. The
waste comprises the non-combustible components of
Singapores waste, such as construction and demolition waste,
stabilized industrial sludge, and copper slag, as well as ash from
the refuse incinerators. The barges then make a 25 km sea
journey to the landfill, where the waste is unloaded onto dump
trucks for the final journey to the operating cells. Bulldozers and
compactors are deployed to spread out and compact the waste.
A unique aspect of Semakau landfill is that throughout its
planning, design and construction, and since the start of its
Semakau landfill welcomes visitors to see its ecosystem LEFT TO RIGHT
Mangroves replanted since landfill construction I Intertidal sea life such as
starfish and anemone operation, painstaking efforts have been made to protect the
islands ecosystem and preserve its rich natural environment and
biodiversity. In July 2005, the landfill was opened for recreational
activities organized by three special interest groups the Sport
Fishing Association of Singapore, the Nature Society of
Singapore, and the Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research
(RMBR). The Semakau landfill has since received more than
1300 visitors.
The visits came after extensive surveys lasting more than a
year by the RMBR to map out the inter-tidal community
present in the western coast of the island of Pulau Semakau,
which was protected by special screens at the eastern part of the
island during construction to avoid adverse impact on marine
life.
Experts were also engaged to ensure that the replanted
mangroves in two plots totalling 13.6 hectares grew well. Today,
these mangroves, which were planted to replace those uprooted
during construction, are thriving. While there is a network of
monitoring wells along the perimeter bund of the landfill, the
mangroves can help act as second-line indicators of pollution
should there be a leak in the impermeable membrane.
Conclusion
By adopting its waste strategies, Singapore has seen an increase
in recycling rate from 40% in 2000 to 49% in 2005. Waste
growth has also been curtailed. The total waste (domestic and
non-domestic) disposed of in 2005 was 7000 tonnes per day,
an 8% reduction compared to 2000. As a result, the lifespan of
Semakau landfill has increased from 30 years to about 40
years, while the need for additional incineration plants has been
reduced from one in every 57 years to one in every 710
years.
By reducing waste disposal at the incineration plants and
landfill, Singapore is striving towards achieving its long-term
goals of Towards Zero Landfill and Towards Zero Waste.
Vincent Teo is Chief Engineer (Waste Minimization), National
Environment Agency, Singapore.
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www.iswa.org
information
Visit www.iswa.org for more information
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Januar yFebr uar y 2007 WASTE MANAGEMENT WORLD 100 I SWA I NFORMATI ON
At the outset of a new year, it is timely to reflect
upon our current offering.
ISWA provides a network for the exchange of
information and experience of waste
management. Belonging to and having access
to this exclusive network is one of the main
reasons for ISWA membership. Of course, the
value of membership depends to a great extent
on what the member makes of it!
ISWA is investing to enhance the strength of
this network, using tools such as working
groups, publications and its website. The ISWA
site was relaunched at the end of December
2006. Do take a look at the new, improved
design.
ISWA offers training and education through a
number of training courses, seminars and
workshops. ISWA is also promoting the
professional standard of the waste industry via
its Professional Qualifications programme the
International Waste Manager (see below).
ISWA is associated with a number of
publications that members receive for free:
I Waste Management World (WMW) magazine
I Waste Management & Research, a scientific
journal
I electronic newsletters.
In a recent survey, our members have
highlighted the great value of receiving these
publications as part of our membership benefits.
Furthermore, ISWA members can also
participate in our working groups, which are the
driving forces for the technical development
within ISWA. Many working groups combine
meetings with workshops and study tours, and
they offer a unique access to the international
waste network.
Such access is vital for the continued
development of the waste management sector.
ISWA is strengthening its local presence too, by
setting up Regional Development Networks
(RDN). The Development Networks are the
facilitator for a true international exchange of
information. The benefit of this structure is
showing its results with a better access to
activities and information in all parts of the
world. Such networks provide a platform for
keeping informed about the latest
developments in waste management
worldwide.
Suzanne Arup Veltz,
Managing Director of ISWA
One of the goals for ISWA is to improve the
standards of the waste industry. Therefore, there
is a need for well trained and highly qualified
professional waste managers who understand
the effect of poor operations and misguided
policies on the environment and who have the
skills necessary to effect change. This leads to
the challenge of establishing guidelines for
professional qualifications and more access to
qualified training in the future.
In response to this goal, ISWA has developed
a programme on professional qualifications
ISWA International Waste Manager. This is a
certification by waste managers for waste
managers. The programme is moving forward
rapidly with help and guidance from its
members who are all potential holders of the
certification.
The need for professional
qualifications
A review of the qualifications available in waste
and resources management around the world
has shown that specific qualifications in waste
management are rare and most individuals
engaged in waste management have
qualifications in other disciplines such as
engineering or science.
Such qualifications do have great relevance
to particular aspects of waste and resource
management for example, operating a
hazardous waste treatment plant requires an
exceptional knowledge of chemistry and
preparing a landfill site requires civil engineering
skills. However, the wide range of disciplines
involved in most aspects of waste and resources
management justifies a range of specific
qualifications in waste and resource
management.
It is important to distinguish between
academic and professional qualifications. An
individual with a university degree has a
guaranteed level of academic knowledge in a
particular subject. Having a university degree
indicates the capacity to study at a high level
which remains with the owner for life.
A professional qualification will complement
an academic qualification. It guarantees both
the academic knowledge and the practical
experience that applies that knowledge. Further,
it also guarantees that the knowledge and
experience will be up-to-date and will be used
ethically so as to benefit the community.
ISWA received positive replies on the
programme during its development, particularly
from developing countries. Those countries may
not have any national association and having an
internationally recognized qualification will be of
great value.
ISWA International Waste Manager
The ISWA International Waste Manager (IWM)
qualification is designed for individuals who
have acquired an understanding of waste and
resource issues beyond their own area of
expertise.
They will have developed and proved their
technical competence including exercising
independent judgement which requires both
practical experience and the application of
theoretical principles.
They will also have acquired an
ISWA MEMBERSHIP BENEFITS
PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
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understanding of the waste and resource industry beyond their own area
of expertise including financial, commercial, statutory, safety and
environmental considerations.
The IWM is a completely new qualification developed by ISWA, the only
international non-profit association promoting sustainable waste
management.
The process for the qualification is very similar to the stages involved in
making an application for a new job. The stages involved can be
summarized as follows:
1. Completion of an application form describing the academic education
and practical work experience to ensure meeting ISWAs basic
requirements.
2. Preparation of a detailed personal report on the academic education,
training and practical work experience explaining the professional
approach to waste management.
3. Participation in an interview, either face-to-face or electronically.
4. A commitment to follow ISWAs Code of Ethics and to undertake a
life-long programme of Continuous Professional Development.
The qualification will ensure that applicants from developing countries and
countries with transition economies will be able to comply with the
criteria. ISWA will award the qualification at the intermediate, advanced, or
international status.
Here are some statements from holders of the ISWA IWM certification:
Working in the international consultancy field, I often meet people who
pretend to have up-to date know-how but who actually do not. This often
results in unsuccessful projects and a waste of resources. Professional
qualification could minimize the risk of project loss for financing
organizations.
I decided to apply for this qualification because I needed to further my
professional standing. I believe that a certificate issued by ISWA would be
held in high regard by the company I work for, the clients we serve and
the colleagues I work with in many countries of the world.
I think that the maximum benefit I will receive from this certificate is
the motivation to meet the standards set by ISWA to receive and continue
to hold the certificate. Therefore I will continue to develop my skill in this
sector and devote efforts to it.
On the other hand, I hope that ISWA will ensure that the awarding
process will continue according to the set standards.
The IWM qualification can be of value when applying for a job as
consultant for internationally financed waste management projects, e.g.
from the World Bank, UNEP, etc.
If ISWA were to launch web-based conferences and/or training
courses I would definitely be interested in hearing more and participating
in such activities.
Training and education
In addition to professional qualifications, ISWA is also putting effort into
training. A number of different training courses are being run by ISWA
through its Working Groups, each complete with its own comprehensive
training manuals. Some of those training manuals are now being
translated into languages other than English to ensure a wide use of the
materials.
Furthermore, the use of the training the trainers approach will ensure
the spreading of knowledge and information for those working in waste
management worldwide.
WASTE MANAGEMENT WORLD Januar yFebr uar y 2007 I SWA I NFORMATI ON 101
continued on page 102
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www.iswa.org
Biological Treatment of Waste
(WGBTW)
1921 March 2007 Greece
Collection & Transportation
Technology (WGCTT)
2627 April 2007 Hamburg,
Germany
2627 October 2007
Copenhagen, Denmark
Communication & Social Issues
(WGCSI)
2425 May 2007 Edinburgh,
Scotland, UK
September 2007 Amsterdam, the
Netherlands
1718 January 2008 Belgium
2021 May 2008 Porto, Portugal
Economic Analyses for
Sustainable Development
(WGEASD)
None set
Healthcare waste (HCW)
None set
Hazardous Waste (WGHW)
2324 April 2007 Italy
2223 October 2007 TBA
Legal Issues (WGLI)
None set
Recycling & Waste Minimization
(WGRWM)
May 2007 Hungary
November 2007 Portugal
Sanitary Landfill (WGSL)
1921 March 2007 Greece
September 2007 Amsterdam
Thermal Treatment of Waste
(WGTT)
1415 March 2007 Brussels,
Belgium
September 2007 Amsterdam, in
connection with the Annual
Congress 2007
24 October 2007 Malm,
Sweden, in connection with ISWA
Beacon Conference of Thermal
Treatment of Waste
COMMITTEE MEETING SCHEDULE
20072008
The Board
2728 April 2007 Bangalore,
India
23 June 2007 Istanbul, Turkey
22 September 2007 Amsterdam,
the Netherlands
November 2007 Singapore
Scientific & Technical Committee
2122 June 2007 Istanbul, Turkey
(to be confirmed)
the Netherlands
Editorial Board (EB)
the Netherlands
Managing Directors Network
(MD)
September 2007 Amsterdam, the
Netherlands
EU/DG Environment
None set
Managing Editors (ME)
13 April 2007 Vienna, Austria
the Netherlands
WORKING GROUPS MEETING SCHEDULE
20072008
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Januar yFebr uar y 2007 WASTE MANAGEMENT WORLD 102 I SWA I NFORMATI ON
An increased awareness and understanding of the sanitary and
environmental problems in relation to the management of waste is a key
issue in order to make improvements. This is especially important in those
large parts of the world where there is no real waste management in place.
Helena Bergman, ISWA General Secretariat
continued from page 101
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2007
Ecocity
Barcelona, Spain
27 February 2 March 2007
Fira Barcelona, Avenida Reina M
Cristina s/n, 08004 Barcelona, Spain
Tel: +34 902 233 200
Fax: +34 93 233 21 98
web: www.firabcn.com
Energiesparmesse Wels
International Trade Fair for
Energy Efficiency and
Sustainable Energy
Wels, Austria
24 March 2007
Messe Wels GmbH & Co KG,
Messehaus, A-4600 Wels, Austria
Tel: +43 7242 9392 0
Fax: +43 7242 9392 66451
web: www.energiesparmesse.de
IWWE & IRWM 2007
Irish Recycling & Waste
Management
Dublin, Republic of Ireland
78 March 2007
Oonagh Colligan, Faversham House
Group Ltd, 232a Addington Road,
South Croydon, Surrey, CR2 8LE, UK
Tel: +44 20 8651 7068
Fax: +44 20 8651 7144
web: www.environment-ireland.com
4th Annual Conference on
PPP/PFI in the Waste Sector
London, UK
1415 March 2007
Verity Noon, SMi Group,
Great Guildford Business Square,
30 Great Guildford Street, London,
SE1 0HS, UK
Tel: +44 20 7827 6092
Fax: +44 20 7827 6093
web: www.smi-online.co.uk
Energy from Waste 2007
London, UK
1415 March 2007
A&D Media Ltd, Jesses Farm, Snow
Hill, Dinton, Wilts, SP3 5HN, UK
Tel: +44 1722 716996
Fax: +44 1722 716926
web: www.recyclingwasteworld.co.uk/
conferences
The 22nd International
Conference on Solid Waste
Technology and Management
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
1821 March 2007
Ronald L. Mersky, Department of
Civil Engineering, Widener
University, 1 University Place,
Chester, PA 19013-5792, USA
Tel: +1 610 499 4042
Fax: +1 610 499 4461
web: www.widener.edu/solid.waste
IARC2007 7th International
Automobile Recycling Congress
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
2123 March 2007
ICM AG, Schwaderhof 524,
5708 Birrwil, Switzerland
Tel: +41 62 785 10 00
Fax: +41 62 785 10 05
web: www.icm.ch
14th European Conference on
Tyre Recycling
Brussels, Belgium
2123 March 2007
ETRA European Tyre Recycling
Association, 7, rue Leroux,
75116 Paris, France
Tel: +33 1 4500 3777
Fax: +33 1 4500 8347
web: http://www.etra-eu.org
China Eco Expo
Beijing, China
46 April 2007
Global Eco Expo, 15030 Ventura
Blvd, Sherman Oaks, CA 91403, USA
Tel: +1 818 906 2700
Fax: +1 818 986 5890
web: www.ecoexpo.com
bauma 2007
Munich, Germany
2329 April 2007
Messe Mnchen GmbH
Tel: +49 89 949 1 1348
Fax: +49 89 949 1 1349
web: www.bauma.de
Commercial Vehicle Show 2007
Birmingham, UK
2426 April 2007
Bob Sockl, Crystal Communications,
Crystal House, 14 London Road,
Rainham, Kent, ME8 6YX, UK
Tel: +44 1634 261262
Fax: +44 1634 360514
web: www.cvshow.com
Waste Expo 2007
Atlanta, Georgia, USA
710 May 2007
Prism Business Media, 11 River Bend
South, Stamford, CT 06907, USA
Tel: +1 203 358 9900
Fax: +1 203 358 5816
web: www.wasteexpo.com
Waste to Energy International
Exhibition & Conference for
Energy from Waste and
Biomass
Bremen, Germany
910 May 2007
Andrea Rohde, Messe Bremen,
Theodor-Heuss-Allee 2123,
28215 Bremen, Germany
Tel: +49 421 3505 377
Fax: +49 421 3505 340
web: www.wte-expo.de
Victam International 2007
Utrecht, the Netherlands
810 May 2007
Tel: +31 33 246 4404
Fax: +31 33 246 4706
web: www.victam.com
BIR Spring Convention
Athens, Greece
2023 May 2007
Bureau of International Recycling,
24 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt,
1050 Brussels, Belgium
Tel: +32 2 627 57 70
Fax: +32 2 627 57 73
web: www.bir.org
MBT 2007 International
Symposium on MBT and
Automatic Waste Sorting
Technology
Hanover, Germany
2224 May 2007
Wasteconsult International,
Robert-Koch-Str. 48b,
30853 Langenhagen, Germany
Tel: +49 511 23 59 383
Fax: +49 511 23 59 384
web: www.wasteconsult.de
5th International Trade Fair and
Congress on Waste
Management, Recycling and
Environmental Technologies
Moscow, Russia
29 May 1 June 2007
SIBICO International Ltd, POB 173,
DIARY
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DIARY
Moscow, 107078, Russia
Tel: +7 495 782 1013
Fax: +7 495 225 5986
web: www.waste-tech.ru
CIWM 2007
Paignton, Torbay, UK
1215 June 2007
IWM Business Services Ltd,
9 Saxon Court, St Peters Gardens,
Northampton NN1 1SX, UK
Tel: +44 1604 620426
Fax: +44 1604 604467
web: www.ciwm.co.uk
ICBR 2007 12th International
Congress for Battery Recycling
Budapest, Hungary
2022 June 2007
ICM AG, Schwaderhof 524,
5708 Birrwil, Switzerland
Tel: +41 62 785 10 00
Fax: +41 62 785 10 05
web: www.icm.ch
3rd Recycling, Waste
Management and Environmental
Technologies Fair
Istanbul, Turkey
2124 June 2007
IFO Istanbul Fair Organization Ltd.,
Yildiz Posta cad., Ayyildiz Apt. B,
Blok No:28 D:38, 34394 Gayrettepe/
Istanbul, Turkey
Tel: + 90 212 275 75 79
Fax: + 90 212 288 36 11
web: www.ifo.com.tr
ISWA World Congress 2007
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
2427 September 2007
Congrex Holland BV,
P.O. Box 302,
1000 AH Amsterdam, A.J.
Ernststraat 595, 1082 LD,
Amsterdam, Netherlands
Tel: +31 20 504 02 05
Fax: +31 20 504 02 25
web: www.iswa2007.org
EBW Expo Energy from
Biomass and Waste
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
2527 September 2007
Freesen & Partner GmbH,
Schwalbennest 7a, 46519 Alpen,
Germany
Tel: +49 2802 948484 0
Fax: +49 2802 948484 3
web: www.ebw-expo.com
11th International Waste
Management and Landfill
Symposium
Sardinia, Italy
15 October 2007
Valeria Zampalocca, EuroWaste Srl,
Via Beato Pellegrino, 23,
35137 Padova, Italy
Tel: +39 049 8726986
Fax: +39 049 8726987
web: www.sardiniasymposium.it
WASTECON 2007
Reno, Nevada, USA
1618 October 2007
SWANA, PO Box 7219, Silver Spring,
MD 20907-7219, USA
Tel: +1 800 467 9262
Fax: +1 301 589 7068
web: www.swana.org
FEAD Annual Conference 2007
Athens, Greece
1819 October 2007
European Federation of Waste and
Environmental Services,
15 Rue Phillipe le Bon,
1000 Brussels, Belgium
Tel: +32 2 732 32 13
Fax: +32 2 734 95 92
web: www.fead.be
Ecomondo 2007
Rimini, Italy
2427 October 2007
Daniela Bernab, Rimini Fiera S.p.A.,
Via Emilia, 155,
47900 Rimini, Italy
Tel: +39 0541 744 217
Fax: +39 0541 744 475
web: www.ecomondo.com
2nd National Landfill & Transfer
Stations Conference
1921 November 2007
Melbourne, Australia
Waste Management Association of
Australia, Suite 4D, 5 Belmore St.
Burwood, NSW 2134, Australia
Tel: +61 2 8746 5000
Fax: +61 2 9701 0199
web: www.wmaa.asn.au
2008
WASTECON 2008
Tampa, Florida, USA
2123 October 2008
SWANA, P.O. Box 7219,
Silver Spring, MD 20907-7219, USA
Tel: +1 800 467 9262
Fax: +1 301 589 7068
web: www.swana.org
ADVERTISERS INDEX
WMW
2nd International Symposium MBT 2007, 76
Hanover
3rd Recycling, Environmental Technologies 101
and Waste Management Trade Fair, Istanbul
7th International Automobile Recycling 88
Congress, Amsterdam
Albatros 54
Anlagenbau Umwelt+Technik 5
Chemnitz GmbH
Babcock & Wilcox Vlund 9
Bauer GmbH 40
Bauma 2007, Munich 63
Binder+Co AG 92
BioBag International 83
BMH Wood Technology 79
Bomag 86
Bucher Schrling GmbH 59
Caterpillar 2
CHS Group 93
CNIM 11
Commercial Vehicle Show 07, Birmingham 27
CSJ Al-Jon Ltd 87
Cummins Power Generation 1617
Degussa GmbH 1
Dennis Eagle Ltd 37
Doppstadt Calbe GmbH IBC
Dulevo International 29
DuraTech 46
Dynaset Oy 14
Ecoprocess 45
Eldan Recycling A/S 18
Envac Centralsug AB 38
EuRec Technology 19
Frutiger 39
Gicom b.v. 81
Hako-Werke GmbH 57
Hammel Recyclingtechnik 15
HMH Engineering-Consulting-Trading GmbH 49
HSM Pressen GmbH + Co. KG 22
Inspec Fibres GmbH 12
Johnston Sweepers Ltd 52
Komptech GmbH 80
Lindner Recyclingtech 62
Lubo Screening & Recycling Systems b.v. 78
M&J Industries A/S IFC
Machinefabrik Spiro b.v. 13
Macpresse Europa 72
MeWa Recycling & Anlagenbau GmbH 73
Naue GmbH & Co. KG 89
NTM AB 41
Opsis AB 68
Plasco Energy Group 67
PM Onboard Ltd 33
PPP/PFI in the Waste Sector, London 75
Presona AB 82
PTF Husser GmbH 20
Rambll Energy & Environment OBC
Ravo 36
Renewable Energy Europe, Madrid 102
Sennebogen Maschinenfabrik GmbH 25
SIG Societ Italiana Gomma s.p.a. 94
SMS Global, Inc. 69
Steinert Elektromagnetbau GmbH 94
Untha Shredding Technology 7
Vecoplan Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG 74
Veneta Plastica 53
Victam International 2007, Utrecht 21
Waste to Energy, Bremen 58
WasteExpo 2007, Atlanta 97
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Doppstadt Calbe GmbH
Barbyer Str. 13
39240 Calbe / Saale
Germany
Tel.: +49 39291 / 55 - 270
Fax: +49 39291 / 55 - 358
www.doppstadt.com
or contact us:
for more information, please visit us at:
WE CARE
Shredding - screening - sorting - turning - mixing - mobile or static ...
... for MSW - industrial & bulky Waste - C&D - green waste - etc.
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Knowledge taking people further
Thomas Hyldgard Christensen, Project Engineer
Ramboll Waste-to-Energy, Copenhagen, Denmark, tel. +45 4598 6000
[email protected]
www.ramboll.dk/wte
Ramboll is characterised by its long-term relationships with its clients. One of my rst
projects in Ramboll was in connection with establishment of unit 5 at the I/S Kara Waste-
to-Energy facility - today I am acting as project manager for the retrot of units 3 and 4.
Ramboll has acted as I/S KARAs lead consultant since the late 1970s, rst with the
establishment of waste-to-energy units 3 and 4, and later with unit 5 in the mid-1990s. We
have now begun preparations for a new unit 6, with expected commissioning in 2015.
This is what we do in Ramboll Waste-to-Energy---
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