Baroque Art Italy and Spain 1600

Baroque Art Italy and Spain 1600-1700 Historical Background As the Protestant Reformation continued to gain power in the
e mid-1500s, the Catholic church increasingly turned to art programs to influence the masses. THis caused the art of the Baroque era to focus on dramatic works that appealed to the emotions Baroque Characteristics Originally a derogatory term by later period which means misshapen. Ornate Decoration Strong contrasts of light and shadow Implication of tension, energy, and movement Luxurious Colors Intense spirituality Realism Infinite space Most Important Artists Gianlorenzo Bernini Francesco Borromini Caravaggio Artemisia Gentileschi Diego Velazquez Berninis David First Baroque Statue Captures the moment before throwing the stone (movement, emotion, energy) REquires a complete Circular view compared to Renaissance frontal statues Interacts with the environment (first viewers ducked when it was unveiled David Berninis Chapel Memorial chapel for Cardinal Cornaros family Combines architecture, painting, and sculpture in a perfect multimedia baroque style What elements of the Baroque are present? Saint Teresa of Avila The focal point of the chapel is the ecstasy of Saint Teresa. Capturing a moment the woman speaks of receiving the pleasure an pain of Gods divine love (many current and contemporary scholars question the sexual nature of the piece It is a theatrical-like scene with typical baroque passion, spiritual intensity, and ornateness Saint Teresa of Avila Note the theater boxes on each side with Corneros relatives discussing the scene as they witness it. Berninis Architecture Bernini is also credited with several projects within and outside St. Peters Basilica at the Vatican. The baldachino (canopy) shown here is directly under Michelangelos dome, over St. Peters Tomb, and covers the holy altar where only the pope could say mass. it is the holiest site in Rome
Berninis Architecture The dark bronze contrasts with the white walls in a typical baroque combination of light and dark. 95 feet tall columns twist in figura sepentinata fashion and the entire piece is covered in bees that were the symbol of Pope Urban VIIIs family Baldachino of St. Peters Berninis Architecture Bernini also designed the 284 freestanding columns and 90 statues of saints that top them in the curved arms that spread out to embrace the faithful visitors in the plaza before st. Peters. Borrominis Architecture Francesno Borrominis undulating walls express the Baroque interest in movement The use of concave bays on the upper level and a mix of concave and convex bays on the bottom combine with the curved divider to create a sense of movement in a building Borrominis Architecture Notice again the use of curvature and concave and convex bays to create movement here as well. Baroque Ceiling Paintings Although used in the renaissance, elaborate ceiling paintings were common to the baroque to express the exuberance and theatrical nature of the era. Here, Carraci shows the use of quadro riporato - Simulated framing of ceiling panels as if they are framed easel pictures Baroque Ceiling Paintings Most Baroque ceiling paintings would involve the artist painting a feigned architecture in perspective on a ceiling to make it appear to continue the existing architecture. The perspective of this illusion is centered towards one focal point. The steep foreshortening of the figures, the painted walls and pillars, creates an illusion of deep recession, heavenly sphere or even an open sky. See if you can find these elements on the next two ceiling painting slides Figure 24-23 GIOVANNI BATTISTA GAULLI, Triumph of the Name of Jesus, ceiling fresco with stucco figures in the nave vault of Il Ges, Rome, Italy, 16761679. Figure 24-22 PIETRO DA CORTONA, Triumph of the Barberini, ceiling fresco in the Gran Salone, Palazzo Barberini, Rome, Italy, 16331639. Caravaggio One of the more influential painters of the era was Caravaggio. He broke from the Renaissance tradition and even insulted the icons of the past Main characteristics: Stark naturalism and realism with unidealized bodies(placed biblical figures in contemporary locations and clothes) Tenebrism (sharp contrast between light and dark) Dramatic portrayals of decisive moments (Characters with intense emotional responses) Caravaggio Note the strong contrast of Light and darkness (particularly the light from above Christs head coming out from his fingers) Dramatic decisive moment (Matthew being called to be a disciple) Contemporary scene (17th c. clothing)
Imitation of the Creation of Adam with hand gesture of Christ Find the elements in these two other pieces by Caravaggio Caravaggistas Caravaggios influence was so great, a group of artists who emulated him arose (caravaggistas) Artemisia Gentileschi was one. Raped by her teacher at 19, Artemisia was the first female at the Florentine Academy of Design and focused her works on courageous women. What elements of baroque art and Caravaggio are present here? Spanish Baroque art The catholic churchs influence in Spain was also great. Portraits of martyrs to inspire religious devotion were common. Spanish Baroque art Note the tenebrism, realism, and spiritual intensity inherent in Caravaggios work here. Diego Velazquz Spains most influential and greatest Baroque artist Court painter for King Phillip IV, he was renowned for his portraits. The piece to the left shows his attention to realism and detail (note the water drops forming on the jug and glass), the individualism of the man and boy, and the contrast of light and dark that were trademarks of the Baroque. Las Meninas His masterpiece shown here has challenged art historians for centuries Velazquez stands to the left staring at the viewer, the king and queens reflection is in a mirror in the far back, various famed paintings hang in the room and are treated with different clarity. A perfect blend of shadow, differing light sources, spacing, and optically technique questions remain: who is the subject? who is the viewer? What is his message? What do you think?

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Baroque Art Italy and Spain 1600-1700 Historical Background As the Protestant Reformation continued to gain power in the

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