Armenian Loanwords in Turkish by Robert Dankoff Review by: G. As. Iran & the Caucasus, Vol.

3/4 (1999/2000), pp. 426-428 Published by: BRILL Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4030816 . Accessed: 13/06/2013 15:30
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& NOTES BOOK REVIEWS Verlag", Wiesbaden: "Harrassowitz Loanwordsin Turkish. Armenian RobertDankoff. 1995. - 217 pp.
linDespite the fact that Armenian-Turkish guistic relations, and the lexical aspect, above all, have always been the subject of keen scholastic interest(H. Pedersen, F. von KraelitzGreifenhorst, Hr. Acharian, etc.), the last decade of our century seems to be the most prolific period of the historyof Armeno-Turkica. It has produced already three fundamental works on Armenian borrowingsin Turkishalone, I mean the two monographs of Uwe Blazing am (Armenisches Lehngut im TurkeitOrkischen Beispiel von Hamvin, 1992, and ArmenischTurkisch:Etymologische Betrachtungen ausgehend von Materialen aus dem Hem?ngebiet, 1995) and the book under review,leaving aside various minorpublications on the subject. The main corpus of Armenisms in Turkishin the book of R.Dankoffis preceded by a general sections on ArmenbibliographicalIntroduction, ian historical dialectology, phonetic correspondences, topical classification of the loan-words, etc. The corpus itselfincludes 806 items witha detailed linguisticanalysis of each formand rich material: dialect variants,parallel lexillustrative ical data, etc. Besides, the author gives at the end Appendices with lists of various putative, speculative and not firmlyestablished etymologies and words found in both languages, as well as a short section on the Turkish words "whose immediate derivationis another language", etc. The book is supplied by a comprehensive word index. One of its conspicuous meritsis thatthe author tries to take into account all side materials fromthe neighbouringlanguages, Kurdishin first place. Below are given some of my marginalnotes and suggestions on certain lexical items discussed in this valuable work. N 3, p.16 - Arm. dial. ade(ate) "mother" belongs to the widespread category of Lallw6rter, cf. in Iranian dialects: dada "sister, brother",ada "father",kaka, kaka, gagn, etc. Arm. dial. azi "mother',tat(lk) "grand"brother", mama "father", mother', Georg. deda "mother", and, here also, why not, English dad, daddy, etc. The Arm. formcannot be by any means a borrowing fromKurdishde' which is, perhaps, a baby-word too, although it mightbe also from Olr. da- (< IE dhe(i)-). N 14, p.19 - Arm. dial. axt'ik 'girl' = Turk. etc. ahsik "foreignlady or girl,female tourist", Add: Zaza axcig, aksig "girl,woman" (< Arm. dialect of Dersim axc"ig.). N 22, p.20 - Arm. apur, dial. abur"pottage, soup' (also "livelihood,wage') = Turk. abur "a dish", etc. Add here: Kurdish abur, abor "livelihood; economy" (< Arm.). N 36, p.23 - Arm. dial. awel "broom", aweluk "a wild herb' = Turk. avelik 'a type of acrid wild grass, etc.", etc. Add here: Cf. also Zaza avilik "broom",avilok "a wild plant used in food". Itdeserves to be noted thatthe suffix -uk (<Mlr.) is, in fact,a common formant forfloristic names, mainly of wild plants, in Armenian (cf. matat-uk, patat-uk, soft'-uk, xarxand-uk, caluk, todat-uk,gayl-uk, somb-uk, zonjal-uk, pa&uk, sox-uk, sxtor-uk, sindor-uk, etc.). The oldest attestation of Arm. aweluk is in Pavia MS 178 Folio recto 3: Greek Xiionov which is further glossed by Teseo Ambrogio as 'Laptio herba"; the Herbariumtakes up six folios of the codex and is in a late 9th to 10th centuryhandwriting, according to Conybeare (this information I owe to my friend VirgilStrohmeyer). N 42, p.24 - Turkishbelek 'speckled, mixed black and white' is the source for Arm. dial. balak- and not vice versa, as well as the Kurdish balak' id. N 55, p.27 - Arm. ber usheep-milking, milking place for sheep in summer' = Turk. ber forcattle,etc.", etc. Add here: Cf. "milking-place also Kurd. ber "milkpail", paz ber kirin "to milk sheep, to drive sheep into cattle-shed", ber "milking-place for cattle; enclosure", benvan etc. "dairymaid", N 61, p.28 - Arm. bmbul 'feathers, tuftof feathers" = Turk. pompul, etc. Add: Cf. also Kurd. bimbal, bumbal id. (cf.: az bimbola ta bidma be "I will beat you (lit.: 'I willthrowyour feathers to the wind")"). N 123, p.40 - Arm. dial. grtnak "rolling-pin" is a Mir.Archaism in Armeniandialects, derived from *gartgnak (Olr. *wOfnaka-, or *grtAnaka-), and is not a borrowing from New Persian girdana. N 130, p.41 - Turkishdel ufemale dog" is ratherborrowed fromKurd. del, also delik id. (it cf.: dela-baraz functionsalso as a female prefix, "female boar", etc.), than from Armenian del, which is occasionally represented in the Armenian dialects. N 208, p.55 - Conceming the borrowingof Turk. lap upalm, handful"fromArm. lap" (lupe, lop) being, as R. Dankoff suggests, in its turna loan-word fromKurd. lap (lapik) id., I must say thatall of them are mere ideophonic (or ideosemantic) formationsand do not depend on each other (cf. Russian lapa, Lithuanian l6pa, etc.). N 223, p.57 - Add here also Kurd. xarjgat forearth oven". "cross-shaped irongrill N 241, p.62 - Add also Kurd. xrzar "large saw". N 243, ibid. - Add here also Kurd. xi milk". "beestings, first N 245, ibid. - Add here also Kurd. xle "pebbles, gravel". N 247, ibid. - xlvlik, besides the meaning given by Hr. Acharian (i.e. "a type of bird; naughty,etc."), is also a female demon attested in Vaspurakan and among the Armenians of Northem Iran (see the famous novel of Raffi, uKhlvlik"). N 262, p.64 - xu4k "dry",as a source of

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BOOK REVIEWS& NOTES is a Persian word,not Arm.dial. xgkil"todry", Arabic. N 267, p.65 - Arm.xox, xoxon "bugbear"
and Turk. hohucuk, hoho, etc. again are ideo-

N 456, p.97 - Add here Kurd.Cal"rush;a typeofreed". N 462, p.99 - Add also Kurd.ely "branch, N 473, p.100 - Turk.cuce (cucu) "boy's from Arm.dut(u) (cf. penis"is not a borrowing also eudul) id. Along with the New Iranian 6ooale "clitoris", tueul uboy'spenis",Georgian juja, etc., Arm.and Turk.forms belong to the categoryof Lallw6rter as independent formations. N 480, p.102 - Cf.also Kurd. mayal"sheep"tomake sheep lie downand fold", mayal kirin rest". N 505, p.106 - Cf. also Kurd. marfak "beam",Zaza martakid. N 521, p.108 - Kurdish moz uhorsefly, wasp,
bee" (cf. moza hingiv "honey bee") is from Arm. N 483, Ibid. - Add Kurd. mae uplowhandle". scionn.

and, therefore, phonicwords,or baby-words, As to Pereach other. from mustnotbe derived and has quite "worm" sian kax, itmeans rather etymon. another N 272, p.66 - Add here also Kurd.xopan "uncultivated land". kulik indeedis one of N 281, p.68 - Kurdish lexicalelementsinKurdish, theoldestArmenian encounduring the first borrowed, presumably, in X-XI ters of the Kurdswiththe Armenians whenthephonetic rulesof Olr.initial centuries, < OIr.*xara-)and k (cf.Ilar"donkey" *x-> Kurd. as I were fricative oftheArm. pronounciation -y still operant (see in details: r. AcampsrH.
KolmaKmbi.- Iran & Caucasus, p. 10).
3MHozeHe3 i<yp8oS u paHHue apMRHo-Kyp8CKue

moz, notvice versa. Cf. also Zaza moz, Talishi and Tatimuz id.- all from Armenian. According to academician G. Jahukian (see: p.5. has N 283, ibid. - Arm.xurj(n) "knapsack" nothing to do withArab.-Pers.xurjln. Turkish ,IyKRH. OqepKu no ucmopuu alonucbAeHHoeo a Persianloan- nepuo8uaGpMpHCKOzOR3blKa.Ep., 1967, c. 256), etc.) is, therefore, hurp (hurpun, Arm. Dial. moz is an IE archaismgoingback to word. is doubtful. *mus-. Iranian derivation N 297, p.70 - Add here also Kurd. zil *mu-, < Arm. N 546, p.113 - Add here also Talishigay dial.jil (Classic cil). "sprout" "dew". N 321, p.73 - Cf.also Kurd.kam"flail". N 629, p.128 - Cf. also Kurd. poe(ik), N 333, p.75 - Add here also Kurd. katar "cock'scomb"(cf.in Kurd.dialectof Moks: kat- bod(ik)"tail-. N 664, p.134 - Add here Kurd.gem,gemik ara mirn?kan "hens'comb"). N 334, p.76 - Add here also Kurd.karas "threshold". "vat". N 677, p.136 - Add also Zaza sung "mushof Kurdish room". N 355, p.79 - The derivation - N 682, ibid. - Add also Kurd.varik"chickfromArm.ksawor kirva (lirTv(a)) "godfather" by en". suggested by Hr.Acharianand maintained N 700, p.139 Arm. tatik, Turk. dadik "a R. Dankoff, is quiteunacceptable.The Kurdish first form terms child's steps"are merebaby-wordsand not belongsto thegroupofNew Iranian more(see, e.g. totik, as a certain social titik, "friend, etc.); cf.also English denoting godbrother", tottler. (cf. karib,kerib,kanv, etc.). It goes institution dial.der! "monastery" to Arab.qarib. B3, p.161 - Arm. and back,probably, market" bothare from N 360, p.80 - Kurd.golik "calf can by no Turk.der! "holiday KurArm.dial. kollik "stout dish de(y)n, a compoundwithde(y)r (<Arab. means be borrowedfrom i.e. "belonging dialec- dayr)plus suffix to monastery, a lexemewith veryrestricted -T, and short", aroundmonastery, etc.". ofcourse,was right inderiving something tal area. F.Justi, unattestC3, p.162 - Armenian takndey is not the Kurd.golikfrom ga- "cow"(otherwise source ofPersianduyundar, as R.Dankoff suffix -lik. The ed in Kurmandji)withdiminutive says Hr.Acharian: both -ofthemare rather term for"cow"is celak. following commonKurmandji MP *eakundar. N 369, p.81 - Add here Kurd. kobja, gobja derived from E35, p.174 - Arm.eremuk "sterile "button". waterbuffalo" and Turk.eremik more likelyreflect N 378, p.82 - Add here Kurd. gobal "shepKurd.neramak"sterile herd'sStaff". woman,or female ania dvandvafrom ner"male" N 392, p.86 - Add herealso Kurd.koringan mal,hermaphrodite", and mak (< mak < *madk-) "female". of a grass". "type E68, p.177 - Arm. lawuk "Kurdish N 423, p.90 - Turk.dial. hevn "sleep" is song" Kurd.xawn id.,thanfrom and Turk. easier to derivefrom Iavik"sad Kurdish song"bothare borrowed from Kurdish lavik "song", which is Arm. dial. hawninj. N 437, p.93 - Cf. also Kurd.hoday"shep- derivedfrom*1av2-Jiuk (< Arab. laf?),not law man". "young herd'shelper".
vol. 1, 1997,
-

is from Persian Jar(zadan) id., not Armenian < Olr.*gar(a)ya- here also Kurd. eat. Pers. Jar < Qir. *garya- ce/rok ter "gossip, rumour"
"tale", etc.

N 448, p.96 - Turk.car (etmek) "to cry out

candy, etc. (in children's speech)" are again baby-words and, therefore, independent formnations. E103, p.181 - Arm. kon and Turk. kon

E93, p.180 - Arm. kaka, Turk. gaga "fruit,

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BOOK REVIEWS& NOTES lexicalelementsin of the Armenian depository The author, perhaps,shouldhave paid Turkish. formations, to the ideophonic special attention E167, p.189 - Arm. tcOWco,Turk. ovo, They are wandering lexemes. and baby-words in soslk are mere baby-words.Unfortunately, inthedialectlexiconof represented abundantly are book such kindsof derivations R.Dankoff's too common(cf.besides the alreadymentioned all of the languages discussed here. In most formsalso NN 401, 570), whichconsiderably cases these kindsoflexicalitemsare the result ofthe given developments linguistic monograph. oftheinner weaken thevalue ofthisimportant languages. They are always a greatstumblingis the book of R. Dankoff As faras I know, for the time being the most comprehensive stone intheway ofany etymologist. to Kurd.konid.,a gengo back definitely "tent" < Oir.*kau-na-. form uine Iranian
G. AS.

and SylvieL. MerianAnd by Alice Taylor contributions Avedis K. Sanjian. With By Prof. Catalogues and Publications. of California Cowe. of Peter (University assistance the with bibliographies, volume 14). 1999 by the Regents of the Universityof California.(I-XXIV)+383 pp.+34 ill.
The author of this Catalogue, Avedis K. Sanjian (passed away on July22, 1995), was a well-knownspecialist in the Armenian language of Califomia, Los at the University and literature Angeles. His "A Catalogue of Medieval Armenian Manuscripts in the United States"was the attemptat a systematic, detailed description first of 178 Armenian manuscripts he had found in museums and libraries throughoutthe United States. The Subject of this second, posthumous, catalogue are the Armenian manuscript holdings in the Department of Special Collections of the Research Libraryat the Universityof California, Los Angeles, not included in his first work. For the publicationof this Catalogue, afterA Sanjian's passing away, S.Peter Cowe, visiting Associate Professor in the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Cultures, UCLA, with the assistance of his collegues, completed the editing process, as well as reading the proofs, and compilingthe indices, etc. The book contains a Preface (VII-XIV), Abbreviations Used in Citations (XV-XVI), System (XVII-XVIII),List of ManTransliteration (XXIII-1), uscripts(XIX-XXII),Lists of Illustrations Introduction(1-44), Catalogue itself (45-330), Bibliography (331-342), Index of Personal names (343-366), Topographical Index (367371), Subject Index (372-380), Index of Scriptural citations (381), Appendix (382) and Illustrations(383). The representationfollows a consistent format - Description, Binding, Condition, History, Contents, Illustrations,Colophons and Inscriptions. The Catalogue includes detailed descriptions of 91 items in the Armenian Manuscript Collection (No 2089) at the Departmentof Special Collections, UniversityResearch Libraryof the University of California,Los Angeles. The chronological frames of these manuscripts include the XIV to XIX centuries. Geographicallythey are fromNew Julfa,the Indian Subcontinent (Surat, Calcutta and Madras), Europe (Venice and Kameniec-Podolski), Armenia (Ejmiadzin, Gladzor, Ayrarat,Vaspurakan), Turkey(Constantinopole, Konya, Kayseri), Syria (Aleppo) and Cyprus. The origin of 37 manuscripts is unknown, either because their colophons and/or inscriptions are missing or because they are merely preserved in fragments. Among the manuscripts in the UCLA Collection are 5 codices of the Four Gospels (Mss. 1,2,3,4,88) or fragments of Gospels (Mss. 77, 87). A manuscriptrelated to the Holy Scriptureis Ms74, which contains "A Brief Lexicon of the Books of the Bible" compiled by the 17 century lexicographer Yeremia Melrec'i. In the UCLA Collection there are also represented some biblical,commentarial,and patristic works (Ms 6,86,7,12,15,55,11). Published by of Califomia Press in 1976 as no. the University 16 in the "Near Eastem Studies" Series. Nerses Lambronac'i (1153-98), one of the most outstanding clerical authors in Cilician Armenia,is represented in the Collection by one of his major works "Commentaryon the Divine Liturgy" (Ms 13). The largest group of manuscripts at UCLA consists of 42 liturgicalbooks, namely, Hymns, Psalms, Breviaries, Calendars of Feasts, Ritual Books, and Collections of Canticles (Mss. 17, 32, 34,40, 41, 44, 45,46, 48, 37, 36, 35, 39, 43, 83 et al. "The Armenian Canon Book" known as Kanonagirk' Hayoc', was the "Corpus Juris Canonicus" of the Armenians. Ms 72 of UCLA Collection is a Single copy of the "Armenian Canon-Book". Anothercodex (Ms 54), a miscellanywritten in 1563, contains the "Canons and Rules" established at Urfa (Edessa) by St. Thaddeus the Apostle. The UCLA Collection has also a single copy (Ms. 5) of the "Book of Questions" (Girk' Harc'manc) of Grigor Tatewac'i (d. 1409), a noted theologian and pedagogue, renown as the champion of the Armenian orthodoxy,whose mission was the conversion of the, Catholic Armenians. Five other codices in the UCLA Collection

Medieval Armenian Manuscripts of the Universityof California, Los Angeles.

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