Elastomers are materials that can reversibly change length when a load is removed and return to their original dimensions. They are generally amorphous thermosets with a glass transition temperature below room temperature, allowing full chain mobility. This reversible change in length is due to the restoring entropic force. Elastomers include both natural and synthetic rubbers as well as polyurethanes and silicones. They have mechanical properties between rigid plastics and flexible plastics, following a stress-strain curve where they undergo large, reversible changes in shape under stress. Polyurethanes are high molecular weight polymers formed from reactions between polyisocyanates and polyols, giving them properties that can be explained by a model combining aspects
Elastomers are materials that can reversibly change length when a load is removed and return to their original dimensions. They are generally amorphous thermosets with a glass transition temperature below room temperature, allowing full chain mobility. This reversible change in length is due to the restoring entropic force. Elastomers include both natural and synthetic rubbers as well as polyurethanes and silicones. They have mechanical properties between rigid plastics and flexible plastics, following a stress-strain curve where they undergo large, reversible changes in shape under stress. Polyurethanes are high molecular weight polymers formed from reactions between polyisocyanates and polyols, giving them properties that can be explained by a model combining aspects
Elastomers are materials that can reversibly change length when a load is removed and return to their original dimensions. They are generally amorphous thermosets with a glass transition temperature below room temperature, allowing full chain mobility. This reversible change in length is due to the restoring entropic force. Elastomers include both natural and synthetic rubbers as well as polyurethanes and silicones. They have mechanical properties between rigid plastics and flexible plastics, following a stress-strain curve where they undergo large, reversible changes in shape under stress. Polyurethanes are high molecular weight polymers formed from reactions between polyisocyanates and polyols, giving them properties that can be explained by a model combining aspects
Elastomers are materials that can reversibly change length when a load is removed and return to their original dimensions. They are generally amorphous thermosets with a glass transition temperature below room temperature, allowing full chain mobility. This reversible change in length is due to the restoring entropic force. Elastomers include both natural and synthetic rubbers as well as polyurethanes and silicones. They have mechanical properties between rigid plastics and flexible plastics, following a stress-strain curve where they undergo large, reversible changes in shape under stress. Polyurethanes are high molecular weight polymers formed from reactions between polyisocyanates and polyols, giving them properties that can be explained by a model combining aspects
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Elastomers
Definition- materials capable of reversible change in length at operating temperatures, that is, once a load is removed the material returns to its original dimensions; a rubbery compound; Generally amorphous thermosets with Tg below room temperature to allow full chain mobility- the restoring force in entropic; referred to as memory
Elastomers
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Types Natural and synthetic rubber-Thiokol, Buna, Neoprene Polyurethanes Silicone-polysiloxanes Natural proteins-elastin p
Mechanical Properties Fibre
10
Rigid Plastic Flexible Plastic
10
Stress N/cm2
B A 0 3/12/2010 3
10
Elastomer 1 5 6
10
Strain L/ L
Elastomers have properties that can be explained by a model that shares characteristics of thermosets and thermoplastics -have all of the domains shown below
Principles of Polyurethane Chemistry
High molecular weight polymers based isocyanate chemistry Polyisocyanates have the following general formula: R-(N=C=O) R (N C O)n, n= 2 4 2-4
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Addition of Nucleophilic Reactants
The most important reactions of isocyanates is the formation of carbamic acid derivatives (7) by the addition of components with an acidic H-atom (6) across the C=N double bond (1).
OH group-containing compounds (8) are by far the most important reactants for isocyanates. They are added under mild conditions, forming carbamic esters (9). Primary alcohols, secondary alcohols, and phenols show decreasing reactivity in that order.
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The trivial name urethane which is used for the compound ethyl carbamate, gave the whole polyurethane chemistry its name: polyisocyanates and polyols form polyurethanes. 3/12/2010
Intermolecular Bonds in Polymers
The more nucleophilic primary and secondary amines react much more vigorously with isocyanates. In this reaction, ureas are formed (11).
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Important Building Blocks for Polyurethanes- Isocyanates
