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    Air Ingress Calculations

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    Mallinatha PN
    1) The velocity and flow rate of air leaking through a furnace opening was calculated to be 12.4 m/s and 0.8 m3/s respectively based on the given data and assuming turbulent flow. 2) For a brick chimney designed to handle flue gases, the available draft at the bottom was calculated to be 261.55 mm and the maximum flow energy was found to be 89.5 kW. Graphs of draft vs flow rate and flow energy vs flow rate were prepared. 3) For a brick flue discharging 425 m3/min of flue gas over 100 m length, the pressure drop, energy consumption, and minimum cross-sectional area were calculated based

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    Air Ingress Calculations

    Uploaded by

    Mallinatha PN
    332 views5 pages
    1) The velocity and flow rate of air leaking through a furnace opening was calculated to be 12.4 m/s and 0.8 m3/s respectively based on the given data and assuming turbulent flow. 2) For a brick chimney designed to handle flue gases, the available draft at the bottom was calculated to be 261.55 mm and the maximum flow energy was found to be 89.5 kW. Graphs of draft vs flow rate and flow energy vs flow rate were prepared. 3) For a brick flue discharging 425 m3/min of flue gas over 100 m length, the pressure drop, energy consumption, and minimum cross-sectional area were calculated based

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    1) The velocity and flow rate of air leaking through a furnace opening was calculated to be 12.4 m/s and 0.8 m3/s respectively based on the given data and assuming turbulent flow. 2) For a brick chimney designed to handle flue gases, the available draft at the bottom was calculated to be 261.55 mm and the maximum flow energy was found to be 89.5 kW. Graphs of draft vs flow rate and flow energy vs flow rate were prepared. 3) For a brick flue discharging 425 m3/min of flue gas over 100 m length, the pressure drop, energy consumption, and minimum cross-sectional area were calculated based

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    332 views5 pages

    Air Ingress Calculations

    Uploaded by

    Mallinatha PN
    1) The velocity and flow rate of air leaking through a furnace opening was calculated to be 12.4 m/s and 0.8 m3/s respectively based on the given data and assuming turbulent flow. 2) For a brick chimney designed to handle flue gases, the available draft at the bottom was calculated to be 261.55 mm and the maximum flow energy was found to be 89.5 kW. Graphs of draft vs flow rate and flow energy vs flow rate were prepared. 3) For a brick flue discharging 425 m3/min of flue gas over 100 m length, the pressure drop, energy consumption, and minimum cross-sectional area were calculated based

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    At a glance
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    The passage discusses fluid flow concepts and provides examples of calculations for flow rate, velocity, draft, pressure drop and energy consumption for different applications like air leakage, chimneys and flues.

    See the calculations shown on page 1.

    See the calculations and graphs described on pages 2-3.

    Lecture26

    Contents:
    Exercise1
    Exercise2
    Exercise3
    KeyWords:Fluidflow,MacroscopicBalance,FrictionalLosses,TurbulentFlow,Venturimeter,Orifice
    Meter,PitotTube,Stack,Chimney,Draft,Naturaldraft

    Exercise1
    Calculatevelocityandflowrateofairleakingthroughanopeningofrectangularcrosssectionina
    furnacewall(asshownbelowinthefigure)fromthefollowingdata:

    Figure1:Airleakagethroughfurnaceopening

    Crosssectionoftheopeningu .1u m u.1S m


    mm watei
    .S2 m
    Assumeturbulentflowandf = u.uu64
    Draftacrosstheopening1.S
    Wallthickness u
    Frictionlossesduetocontractionandexpansionare0.5and1respectively.
    N:
    rgybalanceatplane1and2
    z = u tal
    N = u
    v
    1
    = v
    Airisat1.u1SS 1u
    5
    Nm
    2
    pressureand298 Ktemperature
    SOLUTIO
    Applyingene
    P
    1
    = P
    2
    (Atmosphericpressure)
    Sinceopeningishorizon
    Nofan
    2
    = u atbothplanes1and2 = u.
    d
    2
    - d
    1
    p
    h
    Velocity
    = -F (1)
    u
    2
    = u u
    Or
    d
    1
    p
    h

    1
    =
    h
    F(2)
    = v

    2
    j2f
    L
    Dc
    +
    1
    2
    ef
    1
    +
    2
    1
    ef
    2
    [ (3)

    isvelocityofairinduct.Beisequivalentdiameter
    Be =
    20.10.15
    v
    0.25
    = u.12
    u
    1
    = 1.S 9.86u 1u
    -3
    m
    2
    s2
    aii = 1.19 kg m
    3

    Substitutingthevaluesineq3
    12.4S = u.8uS v

    Aii flow iate = u S 9 m


    3
    s.
    Nowwecanshowthattheflow turbulent.
    Re =
    Dc V

    = S.9S ms .
    .u
    is
    = u.S 1u
    5
    ;the wisturbulent.
    Abrickchimney3.5minsi 45mhighistohandlefluegases(averagemolecular
    weight30)at603K.Theatmosphericpressureoutsidethechimneyis734mmHgandoutsideairisat
    ybeassumedthatthegasesdonotcoolastheyriseinthechimney.Makethenecessary
    calculationsandpreparethefollowinggraphs:
    flo
    Exercise2
    dediameter(round)and
    300K.Itma
    a) Draftatthebottomofthechimneyvs.flowrateofwastegasesand

    b) Horsepowerequivalentoftheflowenergyavailablefordraftatthebottomofthestackvs.flo
    rateoffluegases,Ignorethelossesdue
    w
    tocontractionandexpansesofgases.

    chimneyflowratesfrom0
    totheflowrateatwhichtheavailabledraftatthebottomofthechimneyisnil
    ereTisinK.
    Solu
    a)M
    2 1
    ) -
    p aIr
    p
    I
    Forboththeplotsanaandb,thegraphshouldcovertheentirerangeof
    Usef = u.u4SS (Re)
    -0.2
    andViscosityofgas = 19.S 1u
    -7
    T
    0.8
    g cm
    -1
    s
    -1
    wh
    tion
    echanicalenergybalanceforflowofgases
    g (z - z (z
    2
    - z
    1
    p
    I
    ) g +
    DraIt
    + F = u.

    I
    = u.S86 kg m
    -3
    and aii = 1.178 kg m
    -3

    Substitutingvaluesandaftersimplification
    Biaft = 261.SS -
    I
    F
    F = 2f [
    L
    D
    v

    2
    = 2 SS [
    p
    I
    V D

    u.u4
    -0.2

    L
    D
    v
    2

    Puttingv =

    Q
    D
    2
    and = S.2S 1u kg m
    -1
    s
    -1
    andothervaluesofvariablesweget.
    Biaft = 261.SS 1.27 1u
    -3
    Q
    1.8

    WenoteatQ = u,uiaft = 261.SS.
    = 89S
    -1
    uiaft = u
    b)Flowenergyin(W) = 261.SSQ .27 1u
    -3
    Q
    2.8

    Thisequationshowsthatflowenergy illbemaximumat Q = SuS.9S m
    3
    s.andzeroatQ =
    89S.119
    s.
    -5
    AndatQ m
    3
    s
    1
    w
    m
    3

    Exercise3
    Abrickfluemustbedesignedtodischarge42S m
    3
    min and1atm)offluegasfromfurnaceto
    ndthefoursharp9 ds(L/Dforone
    sharpbensis20). eflueisrectangularincrosssectionwitha2:1ratioofheighttowidth.Theaverage
    temperatureofthefluegasis350degreeC.
    efollowing:
    (300K
    a stack.Theflueishorizontalwithatotallengthof100m 0degreeben
    Th
    Calculateth
    a) Pressuredropinmmwatertobeex einternalcrosssectionofthefluewere
    12ucm 6u cm,
    b) Energyconsumedbyfrictionintheflue(watts)
    c) Whatwouldbetheminimumcrosssectional
    pectedifth
    dimensionaloftheflueifthepressuredropis
    limitedto2.5mmofwastegases.
    efollowing values:
    ularweight s29,e
    I1
    = u.4ande
    I2
    = 1.u
    Uni 4SS (Re)
    -0.2

    Viscosit hereTisinK, 1 Nm
    2
    = u.1u2 mmofwater
    egives
    2
    Useth
    Molec of flue ga
    versalgasconstant8S14k}kg mol K anu f = u.u
    y19.Sx 1u
    -7
    T
    0.8
    g cm
    -1
    sec
    -1
    ,w
    SOLUTION:
    a) Mechanicalenergybalanc
    (P
    1
    -P
    2
    ) =
    V

    2
    [ef
    1
    + 4f [
    L
    D
    +e
    I2
    2

    D
    L
    = [
    L
    e
    D
    e

    pIpc
    + 4 [
    L
    e
    D
    e
    B
    c
    =
    0
    = 8u cm.
    100
    .8
    + 8u = 2uS
    v

    = 2u.4 2
    m
    s
    and f = u.uuS71
    = u.S6S kg m
    -3

    Substitutingthevaluesweget
    (P
    1
    -P
    2
    ) = S21.4 N m
    2
    = SS.18 mm B
    2
    0
    b) Eneigy consumeu by fiiction = W F.


    Where F =
    V

    2
    2
    2
    [ef
    1
    +4f [
    L
    D
    +ef
    2
    .
    Eneigy =
    623
    300

    425
    60
    u.S6S
    20.4220.42
    2
    4.4422
    = 767uW.
    c) Lettheheightoftherectangularcrosssectionish
    Wiuth = h2.
    2 h
    Be =
    3

    Mechanicalenergybalance
    P
    1
    -P
    2
    p
    = 2
    L
    D
    f v

    2
    +
    3.32 10
    S
    h

    Substituti
    24.5
    0.563
    ngthevalues
    =
    864.36
    h
    4
    _2 u.u4SS [
    3.3210
    S
    h

    -0.2

    3205
    2h
    + u.7_
    h = 2.46 m
    Cioss section of flue = 2.46 1.2Sm
    ASSIGNMENT:
    ityandflowrateofairleakingthroughanopeningofrectangularcrosssectionina
    furnacewa shownbelowinthefigure)fromthefollowingdata:
    Figure1:Airleak gethroughfurnaceopening
    Cioss section of the opening = u 1u m x u.1S, Biaft acioss the opening = 1.S mm watei
    Wall thickness = u.S2 m,Assumetur ulentflowandf = u.uu64
    Frictionlossesduetocontractionandexpansionare0.5and1respectively.
    S m
    3
    min(300Kand1atm)offluegasfromfurnaceto
    stack.Theflueishorizontalwithatotallengthof100mandthefoursharp90degreebends(L/Dforone
    sharpbensis20).Theflueisrectangularincrosssectionwitha2:1ratioofheighttowidth.Th average
    temperatureofthefluega
    Pressuredrop crosssectionofthefluewere
    12ucm 6u cm,
    e(watts)
    f) Whatwouldbetheminimumcrosssectionaldimensionaloftheflueifthepressuredropis
    offluegas29, e
    I1
    = u.4ande
    I2
    = 1.u,Universalgas
    8314k]
    Solving,weget,
    wiuth = 1.2S m
    1)Calculateveloc
    ll(as
    a
    .
    b
    Airisat1.u1SS 1u
    5
    Nm
    2
    pressureand298 Ktemperature
    2)Abrickfluemustbedesignedtodischarge42
    e
    sis350degreeC.
    Calculatethefollowing:
    u) inmmwatertobeexpectediftheinternal
    e) Energyconsumedbyfrictionintheflu

    limitedto2.S mmofwastegases.
    Usethefollowingvalues:Molecularweight
    constant
    kg
    mol K anu f = u.u4SS (Re)
    -0.2
    , viscosity 19.Sx 1u
    -7
    T
    0.8
    g cm
    -1
    sec
    -1
    ,whereTis
    inkelwin,1 Nm
    2
    = u.1u2 mmofwater.

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