BN 12 Mashe 13 Porob

hfsvf mfsn sksvf ivh
l rt DbD dhNq
iaskAj ufdkv l rt JcwD W zfbslv dlb. sp JcwD hYv, mfn zKhf
nfrfs jhfv jsv hfvhfv dIsv zfsn. dlsb stfsjvf j fsb nmshk
rq hQ dhswN hflk zKhf stfjfyfv hf slwfyfv iftb jvf rq.
ntfsm l dj mcndtmslv mboVf djYc bq. slv dlb W fb Hq
dbLGfdvk rq mrfb iadkiftsjv kvI sKsj. spsrkc slv dhLfbW snsY
dhLfbjkGf zffrv kvI sKsj.
mrfbhD mlDbfq zfomb jvst slJstb, mlDbfhfnDvf lcde l iftb
jvsY. kf slsJ dkdb htstb, (ufsrdtqfsk) skfmfslv lcde dlb dYt
pfsk skfmvf sJtfLCtf jvsk. [sB dlsbv idvhskG zffr
skfmfslvsj lcde m dlb ialfb jsvsYb; lct dIkv hQ lct
zfprfv dlb.' (nrDr zfhC lfl 1004, bfnf 1555bQ)
ufsrtD pcsov lsj hfdkt jsv kfv idvhskG ntfmD l hrft jvfv
mfsb rt, mcndtm ufdk slv hAfifsv wvDqskv dbslGswv zbcnfvD hQ
sn hAfifsv kfslv dbu sjfb Jdkqfv sb zKhf slwfyfv hf stfjfyfv
hst kf iftb jvfv sjfb zdLjfv sb.
iaskAj ufdkv l dH. mrfb zffr iaskAj ufdkv ubA ixKj ixKj
hflskv dbqm-jfbcb dlsqsYb. zfmfslv hf{ndvj l zbAfbA ufdk
sKsj ixKj, nffdrj l Jfn hflskv dlb zbAfbA ufdk sKsj k.
zfmfslv djhtf ixKj, bfmfp, svfpf, r W zbAfbA hflk zbAslv
sKsj zftflf. mrfb zffr hstb,
( 6$t %3|t $u=yy_ 7& e3j9
zKGf{, zfdm iaskAj nialfsqv ubA dbLGfdvk jsv dlsqdY dbqm-jfbcb;
pf kfvf iftb jsv. (nCvf rf 67 zfqfk)

zfv zffrv vnCt hstb, iaskAj ufdkv l zfsY. zfv rt
zfmfslv l. (hcJfvD 952, mcndtm 892bQ)
htf hftA sp, l pdl Dsbv zQw rq, kfrst kfsk djYc nQspfub
jvf hQ bkcb l zfdhjfv jvf zhwA dhlzfk.
djYc stfj zfsY pfvf Db iftb jsv sjht JcwDv dhNqsj sj jsv.
JcwDv dhNq rst vf iaKm nfdvsk Kfsj; jsv dhNsq diYif Kfsj. vf
Dbsj sjht sJt-kfmfwfv dhNq drnfsh oarB jsv. Lvsbv j
swaBDv mfbcNslv hAfifsv mrfb zffr hstb,
$ r& !$y9$# z $un=t (#r& r& pg:$# |=ysr& $9$# =ysr& #y$tu
(#sB$# %!$# s39 $# n?t $ytxm !$# ) (#9$s% 4 !$# 6s%yu
u!$s)9 (#n $y2 8|t tu9$$s 4 $u9$# 4uys9$# ?xu $Y7s9u #Ys9 u
(- )
ysgs $uGt$t/ #( $2 $tu #xy t
zKGf{, ufrffmhfnDvf uffkhfnDslvsj nsfLb jsv htsh, `zfmfslv

iv djYc ifdb sTst lfW, zKhf zffr uDdhjfvsi skfmfslvsj pf lfb
jsvsYb kf rsk zfmfslvsj djYc lfW.' uffkDvf sv htsh, `zffr
lcdesj zdhhfnDslv (jfsIvslv) ubA rfvfm (dbdN) jsvsYb. pfvf
kfslv LmGsj DVf-sjZkcjvsi oarB jsvdYt hQ ifdKGh uDhb pfslvsj
iakfdvk jsvdYt. (nCvf zf'vfI 50-51 zfqfk)
lcdbqfsk fKGiv djYc stfj zfsY, pfvf rfstfqf JfWqfv ivsh Kfsj,
dj fKGkAfsov ivsh Kfsj bf. pfvf zff JfWqfv shtfq zfsY, Fff
JfWqfv shtfq sb.
ivh nxdv jfvB

zdkdv ivh nxdv iaKm W iaLfb jfvB rt, zfbl isHfo. dkDq
jfvB rt wvDqk nisjG zkf. zfv kxkDq jfvB rt, dhufdkv
zbcjvB.
mcndtm mb j ufdk, pfv k ShdwA zfsY. sn ShdwA si[f
jsv sjfb mcndtm dhufdkv ShdwA oarB jvsk ifsv bf zKhf dbu
jdik W vdyk sjfb ShdwsAv zbcnfvD rsk ifsv bf. mcndtm sjfb
dhufdkv zflwG oarB jvsk ifsv bf. sn skf dbsuv Db, ydv W zflwG
dbsq ohG jsv. slv jfsY kf Lfv jvsk pfsh sjb?
mrfb zffr hstb,
tn=t t%!$# u!#ur& 7Ks? u $y7?$$s F{$# zi 7y 4n?t y7s=yy_ O
zKGf{, zk}iv zfdm skfmfsj iadkdk jsvdY Dsbv dhswN dhLfsbv

iv, nckvfQ kcdm kfv zbcnvB jv hQ zslv sJqft-JcwDv zbcnvB
jsvf bf. (nCvf ufdNqfr 18 zfqfk)
5#u u 5c<u !$# z y7s9 $t =9$# z x8u!%y` $tyt/ u!#ur& |Mt7?$# s9u
zKGf{, skfmfv fb-iafdv iv kcdm pdl Wslv sJqft-JcwDv zbcnvB

jv, kfrst zffrv dhvs skfmfv sjfb zdHHfhj W v[j Kfjsh bf.
(nCvf vf'l 37 zfqfk)
4 <t/ !$u9r& t/ u!$u9r& #u|9$#u yu9$# (#Gs? (#t#u t%!$# $pr't

( )3 ] *s 3i ;utGt tu
zKGf{, sr mcdmboB! skfmvf qflD W bfnfvfslvsj hcvsi oarB jsvf
bf, kfvf sj zisvv hc. zfv skfmfslv msLA sp hAd kfslv nfsK
hck jvsh, dbyq sn kfslv jub oBA rsh. zhwA zffr
zkAfyfvD nialfqsj nciK ialwGb jsvb bf. (nCvf mflfr 51 zfqfk)
&s!uu !$# !$xm t !#u u9$#uzF$# !$$/ $Ys% grB
( )4 sEut r& tuz) r& u!$s/r& r& u!$t/#u (#%2 s9u
zKGf{, kcdm zffr W ivjfst dhwfnD mb sjfb nialfq ifsh bf, pfvf
zffr W kfv vnCstv dhvfyfvDoBsj Hfstfhfsn, pdlW sn (dhwfnD)
kfslv dikf zKhf ic, fkf zKhf jf zfibub sj rq----. (nCvf
mcuflftfr 22 zfqfk)
spsrkc mcndtm mfrv zflwG rstb swN bhD rpvk mcrfmfl zffrv
vnCt . zfv dkdb hstb,
sp hAd dhufdkv kvDjf zbcpfqD zfmt jsv, sn zfmfslv sj bq.
(kfhfvfbD, dntdntfr nrDrfr 2194bQ)
zfmfslv kvDjf Wslv (mcwdvjslv) kvDjf sKsj dH. (hfrfjD 5/125)

sp hAd sp ufdkv zfbcviA zhtb jsv, sn hAd sn ufdkv
ltHc. (zfrmfl 2/50, zfhC lfl 4031, nrDt ufsm' 6025 bQ)
wfqJct ntfm hsb kfdmqf hstb, rflDsnv nhGdbm lfhD rt,
jfsIvslv nflxwA zhtb rfvfm; pdlW kfv iajfwA zKG lfhD jsv sp,
nflxwA zhtbjfvD jfsIv rsq pfsh. spmb mrfb zffrv hfBD sp
kfslvsj hcvsi oarB jvsh, sn kfslv jub jKf lfhD jsv.
zfcfr dhb zfmXv hstb, `sp hAd mcwdvjslv slsw Ov hfbfq, kfslv
`bWsvfu' W `mfrfvufb'(1) iftb jsv hQ kfslv nflxwA oarB jsv
(1) `bWsvfu' rt, djhkD (dmnvD dJafbslv) bhhsNGv iaKm dlb. zfv `mfrfvufb' rt,
ifvnDjslv l.
Kfjf zhfq mfvf pfq, sn hAdv rfwv kfslv nfsK rsh.' (hfrfjD
9/234) dsj nfLfvB (nfdhGj) nflxwA zhtsbv s[s Lsv sbWqf
spsk ifsv. jfvB, nfdhGjHfsh jfsIvslv nflxwA zhtb zhwA jcIXvD.

ksh sjfb sjfb s[s djYc djYcHfsh jvst kf rfvfm rWqfv lfhD vfsJ.
zhwA jKfW Lsv sbWqf pfq sp, sp Lvb W dhNsqv nflxwA zhtb jvf
rsh, kfv mfbW rsh sn zbcpfqD. sp dhNsq nflxwA zhtb jvf rsh, kf
pdl jcIXv zKhf ifi zKhf kfv iakDj rq, kfrst kfv mfbW rsh kfv
zbcvi. (jdkpf 1/241-242)
jfslv mk rWqf dbsNL?

pfvf ntfsmv w, ntfm-dhsvfLD, ntfm zDjfvjfvD, jfsIv,
mcbfdIj, Ifsnj hf dhlzfkD kfslv zbcjvB mcndtsmv ubA ShL bq.
mrfbhD zfmfslvsj jfsIvslv zbcjvB jvsk dbsNL jsvsYb.
jlf mrfbhD zfcfr dhb zfmXv sj lc'de ufIvfb vsMv jfiV
isv Kfjsk slsJ htstb, Lvsbv jfiV rt jfsIvslv. zkh kcdm
kf isvf bf. (mcndtm, zfrmfl 2/162)
dkdb dbsNL jsvsYb mcwdvjslv nflxwA zhtb jvsk.
mrfb zffr hstb,
m; y7s9'&u 4 Msit69$# u!%y` $t t/ . (#n=tFz$#u (#%xs? t%!$%x. (#3s? u
t >#xt
zKGf{, skfmvf kfslv mk rsh bf, pfvf kfslv dbje i dblwGb zfnfv
ivW dhdY rsq (lst lst dhH rsq) isVsY hQ dbsuslv mfsU
mkfv nxd jsvsY. zfv kfslv ubA vsqsY mrfwfd. (nCvf zf-dt mvfb
105 zfqfk)
mcndtmvf dnulfr jsv sjht zffrsj, bfmfp isV sjht kfv ubA;
nCspGv ubA bq. khcW nCspGv lq-zjfst sjfb bIt bfmfp iVf pfsh
bf. jfvB kfsk mcwdvjslv nflxwA rq kf.
jhf dhb zfsmv hstb, zffrv vnCt zfmfslvsj dkb nmsq
bfmfp iVsk hQ mclGf lfIb jvsk dbsNL jvskb; (1) dEj nCpG lq
rWqfv iv sKsj jec ]yc bf rWqf ipG, (2) nCpG dEj mfKfv iv zfnfv
iv sKsj jec Tst bf pfWqf ipG hQ (3) nCpG sFfhfv jfYfjfdY rWqf
sKsj Fcsh bf pfWqf ipG. (mcndtm, zfrmfl, zfhC lfl, bfnf, hsb mfufr,
dmwjfk 1040 bQ) spsrkc nmqdtsk nfLfvBk} jfsIvvf nCspGv iCuf
jsv Kfsj kf. (mcndtm, dmwjfk 1042 bQ)
r jvsk dosq mcwdvjvf zfvfIfk sKsj nCpG sFfhfv zfso hQ
mcplfdtIf sKsj nCpG WEfv isv iafb jvk. mrfbhD mcndtmslvsj
kfslv dhsvfdLkf jsv zfvfIfk sKsj nCpG sFfhfv isv hQ mcplfdtIf
sKsj nCpG WEfv zfso iafb jvsk dbslGw dlsqsYb.
ntfsmv dkDq JtDIf rpvk mfv Ifvj rpvk jhfr dhb
Ifvjflsj bnDrk jsv dtsJdYstb, `skfmvf dhtfdnkf, mcwdvjslv
dthfn W svwmh ivf sKsj lCsv sKsjf.' (mcndtm 2069bQ)
ntfsmv iaKm dlsj mrfbhD zfrst djkfh (qflD W Jxfb)slv
zbcvi djYc zfmt jvskb. dj ivhkGDsk dkdb dbsNL jsvsYb kfslv
nflxwA zhtb jvsk.
dkdb hstsYb, sn hAd zfmfv ltHc bq, sp hAd zfmfslvsj
sYsV zbA jfsvf nflxwA zhtb jsv. skfmvf qflDslv nflxwA
zhtb jsvf bf, zfv JaDfbslvW nflxwA zhtb jsvf bf. (dkvdmpD
2695bQ, kfhfvfbD, dntdntfr nrDrfr 2194bQ)
dkdb hstb, Db kkjft dhuqD Kfjsh, pkjft stfsjvf Ikfv

jvsk kfVfkfdV jvsh. jfvB, qfl W dJafbvf slvD jsv Ikfv
jsv. (zflf}, rf}, dr}, nuf} 7689bQ)
dkdb qflDslv zbcjvB jsv zfcstv wfvfq hQ dJafbslv

zbcjvB jsv rfskv wfvfq nftfm dlsk dbsNL jsvsYb. (dkvdmpD
2695bQ)
yct-lfdV sisj nflf rsq sost nflf svsJ slWqf zfrst djkfshv
zfyvB. kf ntfsmv zfslw rt, kf jfstf YfVf zbA sjfb vMX fvf
vdMsq sIt hQ kfslv nflxwA zhtb jsvf bf. (hcJfvD 3462, mcndtm
2103 bQ, zfrmfl, kfhfvfbD, nrDt ufsm' 1067, 4887 bQ)

diaq bhD hstb, skfmvf lfdV sYsV lfW, smfY sY]se sIt hQ nflf
yct-lfdV vdMsq sIt. zfv qflD W JaDfbslv nflxwA zhtb jsvf

bf. (zfrmfl, nrDt ufsm' 1067 bQ)
Lc kf bq, hvQ mrfb zffrW zfmfslvsj kfslv mk rsk dbsNL
jsvsYb. dkdb hstb,
m; y7s9'&u 4 Msit69$# u!%y` $t t/ . (#n=tFz$#u (#%xs? t%!$%x. (#3s? u
t >#xt
zKGf{, skfmvf kfslv mk rsqf bf, pfvf kfslv dbje nci dblwGb
zfnfv iv (dhdH lst) dhH rsq sosY hQ dbsuslv msLA mkfv nxd
jsvsY. kfslv ubA vsqsY mrfwfd. (nCvf zf-st mvfb 105 zfqfk)
(#3t u d,ut:$# z tut $tu !$# 2%! 5=% ytrB r& (#t#u t%#9 't s9r&
]i Wx.u ( 5=% M|s)s tF{$# n=t t$ss 6s% |=tG39$# (#?& t%!$%x.
)s
zKGf{, mfblfv hAdhsoGv ubA Jsbf dj sn nmq zfsndb sp,

zffrv nvB W nkA zhkDBG rWqfv Ist kfslv rlq dhodtk rsq
Esh? zfv kfslv mk rsh bf, pfslvsj iCshG djkfh slWqf rsqdYt.
zk}iv lDOGjft zdkf rst kfslv zv jdEb rsq isVdYt. kfslv
zdLjfQw nkAkAfoD. (nCvf rflDl 16 zfqfk)

zfv ubA mcndtmvf iaskAj bfmfspv iaskAj vfjzfsk kfslv mk
W iK sKsj lCsv Kfjfv lczf jsv Kfsj mrfb zffrv lvhfsv.
Uy9$# x n=t |Myr& t%!$# xu z)tG9$# xu_9$# $t$#
tj9!$9$# u n=t
zKGf{, zfmfslvsj nvt iK slJfW; kfslv iK -pfslvsj kcdm icvfv

lfb jsvY. kfslv iK bq -pfvf sfLHfub (qflD) hQ pfvf iK
(dJafb). (nCvf Ifdkrf 6-7 zfqfk)
dkdb dbsNL jsvsYb zdoiCujslv nflxwA zhtb jvsk.
diaq bhD hstb, smfY sY]se W lfdV svsJ zdoiCujslv ShivDkA
jv. (mcndtm 260 bQ)
zdoiCujslv zbcvi rsh hst zfb nfmsb svsJ bfmfp iVfsj
tfmfoB zShL msb jsvsYb.
dkdb dbsNL jsvsYb zbfvhslv nflxwA zhtb jvsk.
zfhC mfmfr hstb, jlf zffrv vnCt jde tfdEv iv Hv dlsq
zfmfslv jfsY sn idk rstb. k]fsj slsJ zfmvf sE l]fdVsq
sotfm. dkdb zfmfslvsj htstb, l]fVfsqf bf; spmb zbfvh (ifvsnAv)
stfj kfslv hVslv kf'pDsm sE l]fVfq. (zfhC lfl 5230, hsb mfufr
3836bQ, rflDndev nbl pqDI, dj zKG nrDr, slJcb } dntdntfr pqDIfr 346bQ,
zhwA nrDr rflDsn bfmfspv dHksvv Oebf hdBGk rsqsY.)
wvDqk dbsNL jsvsY ufsrtD pcsov stfjslv nflxwA zhtb jvsk.

jcvzfb mcndtm bfvDslvsj nsfLb jsv hst,
( =yf9$#4n<W{$# yly9s? _y9s? u 3?/ ts%u
zKGf{ skfmvf oxsr zhfb jv hQ iCshGv ufsrtD pcsov (smsqslv)

mk shilGfq dbsuslvsj ialwGb jsv shVfsqf bf. (nCvf zfrpfh 33 zfqfk)
jlf rs dosq rpvk zfhC hjv dnDj zfrmfn sofsv pqbfh

bfmj j mdrtfsj t[A jvstb, sn smfse jKf hst bf. dkdb
stfjslvsj dufnf jvstb, `dj hAfifv, W jKf hst bf sjb?' stfsjvf
htt, `W bDvh sKsj r iftb jvfv dbqk jsvsY.' dkdb sn
mdrtfsj nvfndv htstb, `kcdm jKf ht. mb jmG ShL bq. mb jmG
ufsrdtqfk pcsov!' jKf wcsb mdrtf jKf htsk wcv jvt. (hcJfvD
3834 bQ)
wvDqk zfmfslvsj dbsNL jsvsY Ifsnj ififyfvslv nflxwA zhtb

jvsk. dhNsq mrfb zffr hstb,
$W r& %x.u yt7?$#u1uy $t. t t7=s% $u=xr& t ? u
zKGf{, pfv dysj zfdm zfmfv nvsB lfnDb jsv dlsqdY, sp kfv
sJqftJcwDv zbcnvB jsv hQ pfv jfpGjtfi nDmf zdkm jsv kcdm
kfv zfbcokA jsvf bf. (nCvf jfrI 28 zfqfk)
)x9$# y7s9'& 4 |r& 9|r's !$# (#n t%!$%x. (#3s? u
zKGf{, skfmvf kfslv mk rsqf bf, pfvf zffrsj dhnxk rsqsY, Ist
zffrW kfslv zfkdhnxk jsvsYb. kfvf skf nkAkAfoD. (nCvf rfwXv 19
zfqfk)
wvDqk dbsNL jsvsY shlcbslv nflxwA zhtb jvsk. (hcJfvD 538,
mcndtm 644bQ)
wvDqk dbsNL jsvsY bfvD-icvN sj zsbAv nflxwA zhtb jvsk.

mrfbhD hstb, zffr sn icvNsj zdHwfi jsvb, sp bfvDv
sifwfj idvLfb jsv hQ sn bfvDsj zdHwfi jsvb, sp icvsNv sifwfj
idvLfb jsv. (zfhC lfl, rfsjm, nrDt ufsm' 5095 bQ)
dkdb dbsuW ivisvv shwLfvD bfvD-icvNsj zdHwfi jsvsYb. (hcJfvD
5885 bQ, iamcJ) hQ zfsvf hstsYb sp, sn icvN zfmfslv ltHc bq,
10
sp sjfb bfvDv nflxwA zhtb jsv. zbcvi sn bfvDW zfmfslv ltHc

bq, sp sjfb icvsNv nflxwA zhtb jsv. (zfrmfl, nrDt ufsm' 5433 bQ)
dkdb hstb, dikf-mfkfv zhfLA nfb, smVf icvN hQ icvsNv
shwLfdvBD mdrtf uffsk pfsh bf. (bfnf, hfppfv, rfsjm 1/72, nrDt
ufsm' 3063 bQ)
mfbcN jde ShdwAiCBG uDh. kf kfsj dbsNL jvf rsqsY wqkfsbv

nflxwA zhtb jvsk.
s9$# Vuz (#6Ks? u Z!$2 =b9$# (#=z$# (#t#u %!$# $yr't
7 At 6s9 ) 4
zKGf{, sr mfblfvoB! skfmvf idviCBGvsi ntfsm iashw jsv pfW

hQ wqkfsbv ilf zbcnvB jsvf bf. dbyq sn skfmfslv iajfwA w.
(nCvf hfjfvfr 208 zfqfk)
mrfbhD hstb, skfmfslv msLA sj spb kfv hfm rfsk ifbfrfv bf
jsv. jfvB, wqkfb kfv hfm rfk dlsq ifbfrfv jsv Kfsj. (mcndtm
2019, dkvdmpD, nrDt ufsm' 7579 bQ)
dbsNL jvf rsqsY nmfsbv zdLjfvD mfbcNsj u-ufsbfqfsvv zbcjvB

W nflxwA zhtb jvsk. hk} pfvf jfb Kfjsk Hfstf jKf swfsb bf,
syfJ Kfjsk Hfstf dudbn slsJ bf hQ rlq Kfjsk Hfstf jKf hcsU bf,
nkAisKv nfb ifq bf, kfvf ykcil u bq skf dj? hvQ nxdjkGfv
mhA zbcpfqD kfvf u sKsjW dbjxkv.
dj srlfqfskv zfstfjiaf mfbcN sjfb uv zbcjvB jvsk ifsv bf.
mrfbhD hstb, pJb skfmfslv sj dnulfr jsv kJb spb ]sev
hnfv mk bf hsn. hvQ kfv r]fec vfJfv zfso spb rfksj vfsJ. (zfrmfl
2/381, zfhC lfl 840bQ, bfnf)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, skfmvf snfufHfsh dnulfr jv. skfmfslv msLA
11
sj spb jcjcsvv mk lc iasjfsj dhdYsq bf slq. (zfrmfl, hcJfvD 822,

mcndtm, zfhC lfl) skfmfv lc rfskv iasjfsj drQna uslv mk dhdYsq
dlW bf. lc sysefv iv Hv jv W i]fuv sKsj (jbc lc'desj) lCsv vfJ.
vi jvst skfmfv ns skfmfv iaskAj z dnulfr jvsh. (hsb
Jcpfmfr, rfsjm 1/227)
zfhC vfvf hstb, zfmfv slfX zfmfsj jcjcsvv mk (lc ifsqv
vtfsj JfVf svsJ, lc ifYfv iv Hv jsv W rfk lc'desj mfdesk svsJ)

hnsk dbsNL jsvsYb. (zfrmfl 2/265, kfqfdtnD, hsb zfhD wfhfr)
zfhC vfvf (zbA j hBGbfq) hstb, `zfmfv hc zfmfsj dbsNL
jsvsYb sp, zfdm spb smfvsov lfbf JfWqfv mk EjXEjX jsv bfmfp bf
idV, dwqfstv mk (bfmfsp) syfvf lxdsk (dlj-Wdlj) bf kfjf, zfv
hfbsvv hnfv mk (ifsqv vtf JfVf jsv) bf hdn.' (zfrmfl 2/265,
kfqfdtnD, hsb zfhD wfhfr)
sjfbX dhNsq nflxwA zhtb jvh bf

iCshGv zfstfybf sKsj hcUf sosY sp, dhufdkv zbcjvB W nflxwA
zhtb ShL bq. dj sjfbX dhNsq hQ sjfbX Lvsbv zbcjvB W nflxwA
zhtb?
j iaswv v vsqsY qQ mrfbhD -v rflDsn; dkdb hstb,
spHfsh (pk dhNsq) skfmfslv nfLA, skfmvf wqkfsbv hcslv dhsvfdLkf
jv. (kfhfvfbDv zfWnfk, drufhct mfvzfdkt mcndtmfr 94ix})
zv sKsj bf rstW, hfdrAjHfshW kfslv nflxwA zhtb ShL bq
mcndtsmv ubA. wfqJct ntfm hsb kfdmqf hstb, `(hfdrAj) nflxwA
zhtb zfHAdvj siam W zvkf nxd jsv. spmb zfHAdvj siam
hfdrAj nflxwA zhtsbv Yf nxd jsv.' (jdkpf 1/488)
shDb iadkshwD W ufdkv ndrk slwDq dmt Kfjsk ifsv, ifdKGh
12
stbslsb spfofspfo Kfjsk ifsv, nlfyfv W nAhrfv Kfjsk ifsv. kf

hst dbsuv fkA dhdjsq dlsq jfjfv rWqf yst bf. ifdKGh Shfdbj
zfdhjfsv zfmvf sp sjfb ufdkv zbcjvB jvsk ifdv. dj dbYj kfslv
LmDGq iakDj, ShdwA W dhswN zfyfv-zfyvB W sthfn-sifwfsj zfmvf
kfslv zbcjvB jvsk ifdv bf. zfmvf sp nh dhNsq dhufdkv zbcjvB
jvsk ifdv bf, kfv msLA jde rt,
(1) zfjDlf W dhwfnok dhNq } zKGf{, kfvf sp dwjGD W jcIvD dhwfn
vfsJ, sn dhwfn sjfb mcndtm vfJsk ifsv bf. sp jcIvD mkhfsl kfvf
dhwfnD sn mkhfsl sjfb mcndtm dhwfnD rsk ifsv bf.
(2) hflk } kfslv hflskv mk sjfb hflk, kfslv hflskv
nmsq sjfb hflk mcndtm jvsk ifsv bf.
(3) sthfn-sifwfj } idvLfsbv jfdeQ W Lvsb mcndtm kfslv zbcjvB
jvsk ifsv bf.
(4) zfjfv-zfjxdk } yct, syrfvf W Sldrj zfjxdkskW mcndtm k.
(5) l W ift-ifhGB {nh lXpfib W zbcfbok dhdH dhNq.
kfsk dhufdkv nflxwA oarB jvf pfsh bf. spsrkc kfslv l sjfb zmCtj
LfvBf, hfdkt W dwjGD dhwfn W jmG ndtk rq. dhlzfkDslv slW h
dwjG W dhlzfkmCtj jmGjf Kfsj, kfsk kf lchGt hf uft rflDn-dHdj
srfj, zKhf dbYj mboVf.
icdjfv zfstfyA dhNq swsNf nflxwAsj sj jsv.
htf hftA sp, dbsNL nsW mfr dbsuv ShdwA hufq vfJsk n[m
rt bf. kfvf sp n[m rsh bf, kfW mrfbhD k]fv zrDt fsb ufbsk
sisvdYstb. kf skf dkdb HdhNA{ hfBD jsv hstdYstb, zhwA
skfmvf skfmfslv iChGhkGD ufdkv iK zbcnvB jvsh dhOk-dhOk hQ
rfk-rfk (nm) idvmfB. mbdj kfvf pdl sof-nfsiv (nff)v oskG
iashw jsv, kfrst skfmvfW kfslv diYsb diYsb pfsh. (hQ kfslv
13
sj pdl vffv iv iajfswA nm jsv, kfrst skfmvfW kf jvsh!)

nfrfhfoB htstb, `sr zffrv vnCt! zfidb dj qfl W bfnfvfv
zbcjvB jvfv jKf htsYb?' dkdb htstb, ksh zfhfv jfv? (hcJfvD,
mcndtm 2669, rfsjm, zfrmfl, nrDt ufsm' 5067 bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, iChGhkGD ufdkv njt zfyvB mk oarB

jsv sbsh. (nrDt ufsm' 7219 bQ)
nfrfhD pfIf dhb qfmfb hstsYb, `skfmvf zhwA skfmfslv iChGhkGD
ufdkv iK zhtb jvsh uckfv mfsiv mk (niCBGHfsh). skfmvf
kfslv isK ytsk Hct jvsh bf hQ kfvfW skfmfslvsj ns dbsq
ytsk Hct jvsh bf. mb dj kfslv sj pdl wcjsbf zKhf bvm
ifqJfbf Jfq, kfrst skfmvfW (kfslv zbcjvsB) kf sJsk tfosh!'
(zft-dhlf zbXbfrqc zfbrf, hsb zppfr 71ix})
dj lc}sJv dhNq sp, sjb ufdk ziv ufdkv zfbcjvB jvsY?

sp ufdk zivsj zfjNGB jvfv ubA nxd rsqsY, sn ufdk zisvv dlsj
zfjx sjb rsY?
sjfb zmcndtm dj mcntmfbD bfm vfsJ? sjfb zmcndtm dj mcntmfbD l
iftb jsv? sjfb zmcndtm dj mcntmfbD sthfn-sifwfj, zfyfv-zfyvB
W HfNf hAhrfv jsv? sjfb zmcndtm dj sjfb mcndtsmv zbcjvB jsv?
kfrst mcndtm sjb zmcndtsmv zbcjvB jsv?
zfnst ufdk dbsuv nHAkf dhNsq z, dbsuv jxd W jftyfv dhNsq
lfnDb, Db W kfv dw[f sKsj h lCsv. kf skf zisvv snZlpG kfv
syfsJ LsvsY.
zfu ufdkv dlsj kfjfst spb sofef ufdksj jfsEv oVf jef ickct
msb rq. ufdk zKGSbdkj dlj dlsq zbAfbA ufdkv kctbfq h lchGt,
mfbdnj dlj dlsq zfoafnb W ivfusqv dwjfv, zfv z-w W pcnfmoaDv hAfifsvW hV jmsufv. kf dhufdkv iaHck kfv msb-iafsB
14
zbfqfsn dhfv tfH jsvsY hQ dhufkDq zfyvB iafLfbA sisqsY kfv

uDhsbv isl isl.
ifyfkA-nHAkfv sY]fqf tfof mfbcN rDbmbAkfv dwjfv rsq idymfdhswv zbcjvB jsv. jfsIvslv dhdHmcJD dhHh W iaHfh-iadkid hQ
ifdKGh qb slsJ mcndtm dbsuslvsj srq W kcYfb jsv hsnsY.
sHshsY, lcdbqfq Wvf pJb k k, kJb Wslv nHAkf rt iajxk
nHAkf. nQjDBG lxdsjfsB ef Lsv dbsqsY sp, Wvf spef jsv, snef
m W zbcnvBDq. Wslv mk jvsk ifvst kfvfW vi dkv
ivwmdB rfsk sisq pfsh. msb jsvsY sp, Wslv YYfVf, tfofmYfVf,
h]fLbrfvf spZb-fLDbkfiCBG uDhb rt Wslv dkv mCt jfvB hQ
iaodkv mCt vrnA.
dbsuv vi-B Hcst zfsY, kf skf ufdk zisvv vi-sB mc.
zisvv Bofsb imcJ. zffr ufdksj srlfqfk jvb. zfmDb.
dhufdkv l-ivsh nflxwA zhtb

jvfv dhdH Lvb
1. kfslv l (ivh) zbcfsb idk rWqf zKhf zQw
oarB jvf.
h mcntmfb dhufdkv dwjGD l-ivsh (smtf-vsn) D-idvub hf
sYst-smsq nr idk rsq Kfsj hQ snJfbjfv bfbf msbfvbmCtj
siafoafm lwGb jsv msbv kxd zuGb jsv Kfsj, snJfsb dhdk dudbni
Jdvl jsv Kfsj, dmf sJsq W zfkDq-usbv ubA irfv sb Kfsj.
zsbj hAhnfqD slfjfb dlsq dhdH iBA dhq jsv Kfsj. zsbsj
snJfsb rfvfm W dwjGD zbcfb slJsk rfdpv rq. zsbsj sn smtfv
15
mfdtj, snJfbjfv ufqofv mfdtj, smtfv nHfidk, niflj, nlnA zKhf

sYfsnhj rsq Kfsj.
zsbsj dhufdkv {nshv nmq bkcb sifwfj isv hQ zfsvf zbAfbA
nfu-nf jsv Kfsj. m Jfbfdibfv hAhf jsv Kfsj.
zsbsj sn its[A hfdV-Ov idvjfv-idvY jsv Kfsj hQ
dlbsj Ycde smsb Kfsj.
zsbj mcntmfb hfdVv zfswifswv smtfsk idk rWqfv ubA smsqufmfsj Jfn lfWqfk dlsq Kfsj hQ ufmfsqv rfsk smtf-Jvy dlsq
smtf slJsk W sn nfsK dwjGD W rfvfm jfsu nrspfdokf jsv Kfsj.
smtfsk bf Ffjst zsbj zdHmfbD ufmf zfhfv so]fnfW jsv Kfsj.
Hfsh susb bf susb kWrDlhflDv sYstvf hfdkt W dwsjGv zbcfsb
zQwoarB jsv.
i[fsv ipGc zHAfn vrmfsbv hflfslv bq. mrfb zffr hstb,
$Y#u2 (#s =9$$/ (#s #s)u u9$# yo %!$#u
zKGf{, pfvf sjfb hfdkst zQwoarB jsv bf hQ sjfb znfv

dqfjtfsiv nmcJDb rst Hsv mk ifv rsq pfq. (nCvf Icvjfb 72 zfqfk)
zfqfsk `hfdkt'-v kInDsv zsbj mcIfndnvDsb djvfm hstsYb,
kf rt dhufdkv ivh hf smtf.
htf hftA sp, dwjGD sjfb zbcfb hf smtfsk zQwoarB jvf ntfmD
wvDqk-dhsvfLD. zfv ubA mfrv ntIoB dbsu swaBDv sjfb
zbcfb hf smtfsk wvDj rskb bf hQ zivsj wvDj rsk mfbfW
jvskb.
mfv Ifvj hstb, `(ziasqfusb) zbfvshv HfNf dwsJf bf hQ
mcwdvjslv ivshv dlsb kfslv ifnbftsq iashw jsvf bf. spsrkc
kfslv iv zffrv oph zhkDBG rq.'
16
mfm mfstj (v}) hstb, `Wvf Wslv l iftsbv ubA sp sbZpfsb ysV,
sn sbZpfsb yVf mjvr. spsrkc Wslv iv (zffrv) oph W zdHwfi
zhkDBG rq.' (zft-tfmX' dIt rfWqfdldN zt-dhlX' 1/294)
zfmXv dhb mcvGfr hstb, `vrmfsbv hflfvf dwjGD hAfifsv mcwdvjslv
nrspfdokf jsv bf hQ (kfslv dwjGD zbcfsb) kfslv nfsK dbsusjW
dmdwsq slq bf.' (jdkpf 1/427)
mfm hsb kfdmqf hstb, `mrfb zffr kfslv l-zbcfbsj
`hfdkt' hst zfJAfqb jsvsYb hQ vrmfsbv hflfslvsj snJfsb
idk rsk W kf lwGb jvsk dbsNL jsvsYb. nckvfQ pdl snJfsb
idk rWqf W kf lwGb jvf ShL bf rq, kfrst kfsk zQwoarB jvf
hQ kfsk nrmk sifNB jvf dj rsk ifsv?' ( 1/426)
mfm hbct jfsqm hstb, `zffr kfslv l-zbcfbsj `hfdkt'
hst zdHdrk jsvsYb. zfv hfdktsj nfrfpA (nfItAmdk) jvf ShL
bq.' (zfrjfmc zfrdtp dpmfr 3/1244)
dhufdkv dwjGD smtf-zbcfsb wvDj rWqfsk, kfslv jcIvD W dwsjGv
iadk nmKGb iajfw ifq zKhf zsbjfQsw kfsk nvfndv spfolfb jvf rq.
zfv kfsk sp mfbcN jfsIv rsq spsk ifsv, kfv zfwf zdLj.
htf hftA sp, mcndtsmv dyk iaskAj dwjGD zff sKsj lCsv Kfjf.
mb dj zffrv Wqfs sjfb zfmt jvstW mb ufqofq kf jvf dyk
bq, spJfsb dwjGD sjfb o ifWqf pfq.
Nfshk dhb pfrXrfj hstb, zffrv vnCt -v pfmfbfq j hAd
bpv mfbt sp, sn hcqfbfr bfmj ufqofq jde ]e jcvhfbD (brv) jvsh.
nckvfQ stfjde bhD -v jfsY sn sn jKf sJ jvt (hQ sn bpv
iftb jvsk sjfb hfLf zfsY dj bf, kf ufbsk yft). bhD
stfjslvsj dufnf jvstb? snJfsb dj ufsrtD pcsov sjfb iCuAmfb
iadkmf dYt? stfsjvf htt, ùD bf.' dkdb icbvfq dufnf jvstb,
17
snJfsb dj sn pcsov sjfb l (smtf) rk? stfsjvf htt, ùD bf.'

zffrv vnCt htstb, kfrst kcdm skfmfv bpv iftb jv. spsrkc
zffrv bfIvmfbD jsv sjfb bpv iftb jvf pfsh bf hQ zflm nfsbv
nfsLAv hfsv mfbf sjfb bpv iftb jvsk rq bf. (zfhC lfl 3313bQ, kfhfvfbD)
iadBLfbspfoA sp, spJfsb j jfst dhufdkv dwjGD l hf smtf rk,
hkGmfsb rq bf, snJfsb zffrv sswA jcvhfbD jvf pdl ShL bf rq,
kfrst snJfbjfv dwjGD smtfsk zQwoarB jvf zKhf sjfb dwjGD jfsuv
sjfb HCdmjf iftb jvf dj jsv ShL rsk ifsv? zffr ufdksj ncmdk
dlb. zfmDb.
2. kfslv ivh-zbcfb mcndtm-nmfsu iaytb jvf
zmcndtmslv hf dhlzfkDslv ivh mcndtm hf ncDslv slw, wrv, oafm,
idvshw hf nmfsu bkcb jsv iaytb jsv zsbj mcndtm bfmLfvD mfbcN
hQ zsbj dhlzfkDv zfkDq zKhf ncDv Osv dhlzfkD oafsmv ufmf hf
hvf. z stfsjvf kf dbsuslv Dsbv sjfb zQw msb jsv hvB jsv
sbq hQ v rq sn ivh. zfv jfu; zKGf{ iaytb W hvB Hq sp
rfvfm, kfsk sjfb nslr sb.
zsbj shDb nvjfvW sn nh lsj zdLjfQw ubmksj n jvfv
ubA dbsuv slsw yftc jsv Kfsj. sn dlbsj nvjfvD Ycde drnfsh sOfNBf
jsv Kfsj. svdFW-dedHsk niayfsvv dhswN hAhf jsv kAfdl.
db}nslsr njt jfuW dhufdkv zfbcjvsBv ipGfqHc.
3. kfslv ivsh kfslv dhswN jfsu kfslv zbcvi jvf
zsbj bflfb mcntmfb zfsY, pfvf susb zKhf bf susb dhufdkv ivh
iftb bf jvstW dlsb kfvf pf jsv kfv djYc djYc zfmt jsv Kfsj.
spmb; vfdJ-hsbv dlb rfsk vfdJ h]fsL, ---- ov-Yfostv ofsq Yfi slq,
dhwjmGfv dlb stfrfv pifdk hf ofdVsk Ict hf LCi slq zKhf kf h
18
vfsJ, swfjiftsbv dlb jfstf sifwfj isv, diat-Icstv dlb dw[jslv

nfsK irfn jsv, bhhsNGv jfFG dhdbmq jsv, mfkxdlhn W dhw Hfstfhfnf
dlhn iftb jsv, hn {nh W dhdH uqD iftb jsv kAfdl.
mfm mfstj (v})-v zsbj zbcnfvD hstsYb, `sp hAd bWsvfsuv
dlb kvmcu Hft, sn spb wCjv phf jvt.' (zft-tfmX' dIt rfWqfdldN
zt-dhlX' 1/294)
4. ivshv dlsb kfslvsj irfv-isTZjb slWqf,

kfslv ivsh sjfb iajfv nrspfdokf jvf, ofdV hf hfdV
HfVf slWqf, kfslv zbcfsbv zfnhfh-i hf nvfm
Lfv slWqf hf dhq jvf.
zsbsj hck hf iadkshswv Jfdksv dhufdkv dwjGD l-ivsh kfslvsj
dhdH irfv dlsq Kfsj. kfslv zbcfsbv zsbj iajfv nfrfpAnrspfdokf jsv Kfsj; spmb kfslv zbcfsbv ubA ofdV, iAfst, Ov hf
zbA djYc HfVf dlsq Kfsj. kfslv dwjGD hf ififyfvmCtj zbcfsb
hAhrfvspfoA zfnhfh-i, dmf, Ict, oaDdeQ-jfFG hf nvfm kAfdl
dhq jsv Kfsj. mb nrspfdokfq zfnst dwjGsj nmKGb W nrspfdokf
jvf rq, kf kf jvf mcndtsmv ubA ShL bq. spsrkc mrfb zffr hstb,
) ( !$# (#)?$#u 4 u9$#u OM}$# n?t (#u$ys? u ( 3u)G9$#u h99$# n?t (#u$ys?u
>$s)9$# x !$#
zKGf{, skfmvf n{ W kfjWqfv jfsu sj zsbAv nrspfdokf jv hQ

ifi W zbAfq jfsu sj zsbAv nrspfdokf jsvf bf. zfv zffrsj Hq
jv. dbyq zffr jdEb wfdlfkf. (nCvf mflfr 2 zfqfk)
5. sp mcndtm kfslv zfbcviA jvsk yfq, kfsk kfv
nrspfdokf jvf.
19
spmb dhufdkv l its[A pdl sjfb mcndtm lfWqfk hf ifdeG slq,

dbsuv dhhfr-hfdNGjD hf sYst-smsqv umdlb its[A lfWqfk slq,
kfrst kf oarB jvf ShL bq.
ShL bq sl-mDtfl its[A jxk lfWqfk oarB jvf. mb lfWqfsk
dosq stfjsj lcsef Hfstf jKf swfbfhfv sswAW kf oarB jvf hQ
mDtfl zbcfsb wvDj rWqf ShL bq. jfvB kfsk dhlzfskv nmKGb W
nrspfdokf rsq Kfsj. zhwA mfbAhv hf rst hQ k]fv jKf mfbcsN
mfbsh hst iaht LfvBf rst sn mudtsn si]ZsY lc' jKfv nfsK W hqfb
jsv slWqf uvvD sp, sl mDtfl W sn its[A Lvsbv zbcfb-nHf
dhlzfk. dj nhGfsoa jKfv sJqft vfJsk rsh sp, rj hfqfb jvsk
dosq spb sjfb iajfv dIkbf v bf rsq pfq. bsy{ snJfsb idk
rWqf ShL bq. (IfkfWqft tfubfr 3/26)
spmb snJfbjfv dhkdvk dmEf zfdl JfWqf hf zfv zbA sjfbHfsh sn
zbcfsbv nrfqkf W nmKGb jvf ShL bq.
6. kfslv l hf ivh its[A kfslvsj mchfvjhfl
slWqf.
hAfifsv wfqJ hsb NfmDb (v}) hstb, dnmfn sF' zKhf zbA
sjfb Wslv LmGDq ihG W Jcdwsk jfsIvslvsj mchfvjhfl slWqf
nhGhfdlnmdksm zShL. spmb hbct jfsqm vfdrmffr k]fv oa
`zfrjf-mc zfrdtp dpmfr'sk bjt jsvsYb. dkdb hstb, dhdw
jcIsvv iakDj W dblwGsbv s[s mchfvjhfl siw jvf nhGnmdksm
rfvfm. spmb Wslv l zKhf hak its[ mchfvjhfl dlsq htf, `skfmfv
ubA l mchfvj srfj', zKhf ` Jcdwsk wcHfwDN oarB jv' kAfdl.
jfsu pdlW nfNBlfkf jcIv sKsj sh]sy pfq, khcW kf rfvfsmv
zHGc. zfv ef Wslv cwsj dnulf jvfv its[ mchfvjhfl
20
slWqfv zbcvi. hvQ ef zffrv dbje sofbfr hQ opshv dlj sKsj

mlAifb Jcb, hAdHyfv kAfdlv iv mchfvjhfl slWqfv sysq zdLj hV
W shwD. h mfbcN pfslv dbje lDsbv sjfb jlv sb kfvf ifsi
idkk rsq Kfsj. jxkjsmGv jcItsj ufbsk ifsv bf. iv sjfb
mfbcNsj ifi, dhlzfk zKhf jcIsvv iv mchfvjhfl ufdbsq Kfsj, pJb
sn dbdykHfsh zffrv sfL W zndv dwjfv rsq pfq. (hbct
jfsqsmv d nmf)
jfsIvslv LmGDq l-ishG kfslvsj mchfvjhfl slWqf ts[A rfvfm

pf hbct jfsqm sJ jsvsYb. spsrkc kfsk jcIvD iakDsjv iv
jfsIvslv iadkdk Kfjfsj nDjfv W nmKGb jvf rq hQ kfslv ubA
kfsk nmdk iajfw jvf rq. pdlW sn jcIvD dbsuv ubA iYl jsv
bf; dj khcW mcndtsmv ubA jcIvDv iakDsj nmdk iajfw zKhf kfv
iv jfsj mchfvjhfl ufbfsbf ShL bq. jfvB zffr kfzftf Wsk
nmk bb. spmb dkdb hstb,
3 3s9 |t (#3n@ )u ( u39$# $t79 4yt u ( 3t ;_x !$# *s (#3s? )
zKGf{, skfmvf jfsIv rst susb vfJ, zffr skfmfslv mcJfsi[D bb.
dkdb k]fv lfnslv ubA jcIvD iYl jsvb bf. pdl skfmvf kfv iadk
jxk rW kfrst dkdb skfmfslv ubA kf iYl jsvb. (nCvf pcmfv 7zfqfk)
dkdb zfsvf hstb,
4 $Y zn=M}$# Muu3s9 Ly 3n=t MoCr&u 3s 3s9 M=y.r& tu9$#
zKGf{, zfu skfmfslv ubA skfmfslv lDbsj iCBGf jvtfm W skfmfslv

iadk zfmfv zbcoar niCBG jvtfm hQ ntfmsj skfmfslv lDbvsi
msbfbDk jvtfm. (nCvf mf-sqlfr 3 zfqfk)
nckvfQ jcIvDv iv Wslvsj HfwDN W nflv nfNB fib rfvfmyfsr kfvf hAdv jmGs[s nrjmGD hf nD srfj, yfsr bf srfj.
21
pJb Wvf Wslv l its[ zfmfslvsj mchfvjhfl ufbfq kJbW

zfmvf kfslvsj iakcAsv zdHhflb ufbfsk ifdv bf. spsrkc kf
zfmfslv l bq. zffr kfzftf mb lsj iYl jsvb bf. jfvB, kf
Wslv LsmG zdHbh vdyk jmG. zKhf dhdLnmk dj kf lDb ntfm lfvf
vdrk rsq sosY, sp lDb nr mcrfmfl -sj zffr kfzftf nmoa nxdv
iadk siavB jsvsYb. sp lDb nisjG mrfb zffr hstb,
()
zKGf{, sp sj ntfm YfVf zbA LmG yfst kf jJbW kfv dbje sKsj
oarB jvf rsh bf hQ sn ivstfsj [dkoaslv ltHc rsh.(zf-dt mvfb 85)
its[ mcndtmslv ubA kfslv dbmB oarB jvfW rfvfm. spsrkc
lfWqfk oarB mchfvjhfl fib zsi[f dbjxkv. jfvB sk Wslv sl
zQw oarB jvf rq.
klbcvi mcntmfbslv ubA its[ zbcfbfdlv zfsqfub jsv,
ivivsj isTZjb ialfb jsv, dmf dhkvB jsv, dhdH iajfv JflA
heb jsv zKhf jmGs[s Ycde sOfNBf jsv jfsIvslv nflxwA zhtb
jvf ShL bq. jfvB bhD hstb, sp hAfd sp nialfsqv zfbcviA
zhtb jsv sn kfslv ltHc.
wfqJct ntfm hsb kfdmqf k]fv oa `jdkpf-n dnvfdkt
mcfjDm, mcJf-tfIfkc zfnrf-dht ufrDm'- hstb, `kfslv djYc l-ishG
kfslv nflxwA zhtb, kfvf sp hfdkst zdhydtk kfsk kfslv zv
JcwDsk Hsv WEfv jfvB rsh hQ nhk} zfbcviA kfslv ncspfsov
nAhrfv jvsk W lchGtslvsj zLDb jvsk nrfqkf jvsh.'
sp hAd ipcG djYc jsv sIstsY sn sofbfrofv rsh. yfsr sn kf
dwfyfdvkf, hck, y[ctf hf zbA djYcv Jfdksv jvj bf sjb. spsrkc
mb jvf zffrv lDsb skfNfsmfl jvf, jfsIvslv zfkf-mbsj nht
jsv skftf hQ kfslv LmG dbsq ohG jvfv ijvsBv zHGc.
22
zffr iafKGbft. dkdb mcndtmslvsj kfslv LmG nr nmfdbk W

wdwftD jvb. lDsbv iv kfslvsj lxPdvkf lfb jvb hQ kfslv
wslv dhvs kfslvsj nfrfpA jvb. dbyq dkdb mrfwdmfb
ivfmwftD. nm iawQnf dhhuoskv iadkiftj zffrv dbdms.
7. kfslv LmG hf l nQf dhswN bfm hf idvHfNf
hAhrfv jvf } spmb `zmcj (fb) wvDI', `bWsvfu' `r-kDKG',
buvt-uqD iaHxdk.
8. kfslv slJfsldJ kfslv mk l W ivh zfdhjfv
jvf.
mbW mcntmfb zfsY pfvf dhufdkv l-ivh iftb skf jsv bf, dj
kfslv zbcjvsB l zfdhjfv jsv zfbl isHfo jsv Kfsj. spmb;
pDv umdlb iftb jvsk slsJ `sl mDtflcfhD' zfdhjfv W iftb
jsv, vfmtDtfv zbcjvsB kf'dpqf-mrvm, slWqftDv zbcjvsB wshhvfk
kAfdl mrfnmfsvfsr hBGfTA zbcfb W Dibfv mfLAsm iftb jsv Kfsj.
Lc kf bq, kfslv zbcjvsB iftb jsv Kfsj dhdH vfuSbdkj W
nfmfduj ipGfsqv iftbDq dlhn W nfr. spmb; fLDbkf-dlhn, oBkdlhn, ufkDq-dlhn, buvt-uqD, mfkxdlhn, dhw-Hfstfhfnf-dlhn iaHxdk.
9. ufsrtD pcsov sp njt l ntfm hfdkt sOfNBf
jsvdYt hQ mcndtm nmfu sKsj kf sE dosqdYt, kf
icbvfq kfuf W uDdhk jsv iftb jvf.
db}nslsr mb jfu rfvfm W ntfm-dhsvfLD. mrfbhD hstb, dkb
hAd zffrv dbje nh mfbcsNv yfsk shwD OxdBk; sp hAd (mfmlDbfv) rfvfm nDmfbfv dHksv nDmftQOb jsv ifi jfpG (dIkbf-Ifnfl
nxd) jsv, sp hAd ntfsm sKsj ufsrtD pcsov jxd-kvDjf zbcnfb
jsv hQ sp hAd bfrj sjfb mcndtmsj Jcb jvfv syf jsv. (hcJfvD
23
6882bQ)
ufsrtD pcsov jxd hf kvDjf htsk, sn pcsov njt zinQxdkv jKf

hcUfsbf rsqsY. spmb sn pcsov jbAf rkAf jvf, zsbj djYcsj zH
t[B mfbf, rfk oBbf, mfkm jvf, ucqf sJtf, bWsvfu iftb jvf iaHxdk.
ntfm oarsBv ivW pfvf hnsf{nh iaHxdk ufsrtD pcsov l iftb
jsv kfslvsj zfidb zfv dj mcntmfb hf htshb?
10. ntfmD lsj zmcndtmslv slv vilfb jvf.
ntfmD l rt hflskv dlb, mrfb nxdjkGfv ubA wcjdvqf fisbv
dlb, kjhDv-knhDr W krmDl ifsEv dlb, ovDh-dmnjDbslv iadk
nrfbcHCdk hQ kfslvsj JcwDsk wvDj jvfv dlb, ShL sJtf kKf
durflD sJtf sJtfv dlb.
dj h bfmLfvD mcntmfb idh W hjGkmq lsj dbYj dhufdkv
slv mk jsv iftb jsv Kfsj; kfsk bfbfb ifb-sHfusbv ziyq
Odesq Kfsj, ovDh-dmnjDbslv sJqft vfsJ bf, dlsb bfbfb vMX-kfmfwfq
smsk WsE, dnsbmf slsJ, dbtG pchj-pchkDv zhfL dmtfdmwfv nfsK bfbf
zbcfb jsv, ofb-hfubf jsv, Iejf W zfkwhfuD jsv.
mb l -sp l ntfm-dhsvfLD jmGjfs idviCBG kfdj ntfmD l
rsk ifsv? mb lcdbqflfv dhufdkv kfshlfv `lcdbqfef m hV, JfW-lfW
ICdkG jv'-mfjGf mcndtmslvsj zfidb zfv dj hf htshb?
j swaBDv mcntmfb slv dlb dhufdkv zbcjvsB sjfbX swaBDv {nsh
smsk pfq, kfv jef dy ]sjsYb jdh buvt k]fv `bWsvfu' jdhkfq,
`vsiv nWlf sj jdvdh skfvf zfq sv zfq,
bWsvfsuv smtfq!
FfmfsFft zfdu y]fslv rfe,
tce r't vi r't stfife!
Jcst sIst tfu-wvm-EfeX
24
vinDvf nh vi dhtfq
dhdb-djmsk rfdn-dsk srtfsItfq!
bWsvfsuv smtfq!'
hfv y]fslv mboVf IpDtk
hfv mfsn skv ivshv jde iaHfhwftD jfvB rt pcvslv hfv mfsnv
ixKj zodBk Ifpfsqt hBGbf jsv mfbcNsj dhlzfk jvsk c jvf.
nfLfvB mfbcsNv zfv dj slfN? kfvf pcvslv djkfsh pf iVsh hQ
hxkfq pf bsh kf skf zfmt jvsh. mb zHd W zfbcjvsB
isV dhlzfk shsVsY, shsVsY bfbf ift-ifhGB.
zfncb! zfmvf hfv sn IpDtskv hqfb sldJ. ksh kfv zfso mvB
jdvsq dl sp, sp sjfbW hflskv nrDr ltDt bf Kfjst kf dhlzfk.
mcrfvGfm mfn
mcrfvGm mfsnv svfpf vfJfv jKf hQ dhswN jsv mfsnv 9 W 10

kfvDsJ svfpf vfJfv jKf nrDr rflDn fvf iamfdBk. dj kfv zdkdv
IpDtk sp sjfbX Lvsbv rflDn fvf iamfdBk, kf zfmfv ufbf sb.
sp hAd mcrvGm mfsnv iaKm 10 dlb svfpf vfsJ, sn spb lw rfufv
hYv dlsb svfpf W vfs bIt hflk jvt, idvmfB nWqfh kfv
zfmt-bfmfq dtJf rsh. mfsn hflk jvst wshjlv vfs hflk
jvfv mk nWqfh tfH rq.--- kAfdl rflDn sjfKfq zfsY hQ kfv
mfb dj kf zfidb zfibfv ucvsj dufnf jvb. dufnf jvb dbsmv
bfmfp W kfv sJqftD nWqfh tfsHv ltDt.
mrvm mfsnv iaKm kfvDsJv vfsk 2 vfjzfk; iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf
Jtfn 11 hfv.
25
vfsk zfsvf 6 vfjzfk; iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf Jtfn 10 hfv.

sk shsrs 2000 mrt tfH rsh; iaskAj mrst qfjCskv 1000
lvuf hQ iaskAj lvufq nhcu vsMv kJkfv iv v hsn Kfjsh.
6000 hftf lCv rsh hQ 6000 nWqfh tfH rsh!
kfvDsJ dlsb 2 vfjzfk; iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf Jtfn 3 hfv.
sk lc ub dIdvf hdFofFG ifWqf pfq hQ nfvf hYv wqkfb sKsj
dbvfif tfH.
zfvfv vfsk 2 vfjzfk; iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf Jtfn 3 hfv. sk
djqfmk ipG svZwb Kfjsh.
vfsk zfsvf 4 vfjzfk. iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf Jtfn 50 hfv.
sk 50 hYsvv zfsov W isvv sofbfr mfI rq!
zfvfv dlsb 4 vfjzfk bfmfp; iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf Jtfn 50
hfv. sk 50 hYsvv zfsov W isvv sofbfr mfI rq! shsrs 1000
bCsvv mrt SkvD rq. dlsb vsqsY zfsvf 4 vfjzfk sJqftD bfmfp.
zKhf spfrv W zfnsvv mLAhkGD nmsq 4 vfjzfk; iaskAj vfjzfsk
Ifdkrfv iv zfqfkct jcvnD 10 hfv, nCvf Jtfn 11 hfv hQ bfn W
Iftfj 5 hfv. bfmfp swsN doIfv 70 hfv. bfmfpW dhlzfk.
(mc'ufmct dhlf' 340-341ix})
mfsnv 1 sKsj 10 kfvDJ ipG iaskAj dlb spfrsvv iv 4

vfjzfk; iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf Jtfn 15 hfv. bfmfp rpvk rfnfbsrfsnsbv vsrv iv hJsw dlst djqfmsk k]fslv bfdj ncifdvw (!) tfH
rsh.
nIv mfn
nIv mfsnv iaKm dlbde bfdj hflfv sofbfr mfsIv dlb drsnsh dydrk.
kfvDsJv vfsk wfv iv 4 vfjzfk; iaKm vfjzfsk nCvf jfdIvb
26
15 hfv. dkDq vfjzfsk nCvf Jtfn 15 hfv. kxkDq vfjzfsk nCvf

Iftfj 15 hfv hQ ykcKG vfjzfsk nCvf bfn 15 hfv. sk nm hftf
sKsj svrf ifWqf pfq hQ Jch shwD nWqfh tfH rq.
mfsnv 1m nfsrv ucmzfv vfsk wfv isv 4 vfjzfk bIt hQ
kfv sJqftD nWqfshv jKfv sJ vsqsY zsbj djkfsh. bfmfp swsN
mcbfufsk bfdj hflfv msbfhfnbf iCBG rq.
mfsnv swN hcLhfv hf zfsJvD yfrfv swffv yfsv nmq 2 vfjzfk;
iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf Jtfn 11 hfv jsv ifE jsv bfmfp iVsk rq.
nshv ltDt dj kf zfibfv pcvsj dufnf jvb.
vdht zfWqft
mfsnv iaKm rsk 12 kfvDJ ipG bfdj iaskAj dlb 20 vfjzfk

bfmfp iVsk rq; iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf Jtfn iVsk rq 21 hfv jsv.
bfmfp bhD -v bfsm hJsw dlst dkdb bfmfpDsj bfdj shsrsv
ncnQhfl slshb!
zsbsjv msk mfsn dbqdmk 1070hfv lvl iVst bfdj zHfhbDq
Lb-nislv mfdtj rWqf pfq.
mfsnv iaskAj wfv iv 125 hfv jsv lvl iVst ispfso bfdj
bhDsq slfufrfsbv lDlfv tfH rq, zswN icsBAv zdLjfvD rWqf pfq,
vpD-svfpofsv hjGk rq ncJmq uDhb-pfisbv zdLjfvD rWqf pfq.
zfidb zfibfv ucsv mcrkfvfmsj nh jKfv ltDt W kfv mfb
dufnf jvb. zfv dufnf jvb, mfsnv 12 kfvDsJ `bhDdlhn' iftb
jvfv spZdjkf dj?
vdhnX-nfbD
27
mfsnv 1, 15 W 29 kfvDsJ bfdj 4 vfjzfk bfmfp iVsk rq;

iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf Jtfn 5 hfv jsv ifE jvsk rq. sk 1000
nWqfh tfH, 1000 ifi mfI hQ 4de v tfH rq.
zsbsjv sJqft msk mfsnv 15 kfvDsJ mfosvshv iv 4 vfjzfk
bfmfp iVst Hqjfst jfdmqfhD tfH rq. mfsnv swN vfsk 4
vfjzfk bfmfp iVst jhsvv zfpfh sKsj mcd ifWqf pfq.
mfsnv sp sjfb hxridkhfv wfv bfmfpfs dbuGsb hsn nCvf mctXj
100 hfv ifE jsv 2 vfjzfk bIt bfmfp zflfq jvst hQ iaskAj
vfjzfsk Ifdkrfv iv nCvf Jtfn 11 hfv jsv ifE jvst bfdj
djqfmsk nDmfrDb mpGflfv zdLjfvD rWqf pfq. klbcvi mfsnv swN
vfskW 4 vfjzfk bfmfp pKfdbqsm zflfq jvst jhsvv zfpfh sKsj
mcd tfH rq hQ snJfsb wfd ifWqf pfq.
zfibfv sJqftD ucvsj dufnf jsvb, nshv ltDt hQ kfv mfb
dj?
ucmflft zfWqft
mfsnv iaKm kfvDsJv vfsk 4 vfjzfk bfmfp; iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf

Jtfn 11 hfv jsv isV zflfq jvst bfdj kfsk 90,000 hYsvv sbjD
tfH rq hQ 90,000 hYsvv sofbfr smfyb rsq pfq!
jfsvf sJqft msk mfsnv iaKm kfvDsJ 20 vfjzfk bfmfp iVsk rq.
zsbsj hstb, hdBGk zfsY sp, mfsnv iaKm kfvDsJ bhD mcrfmfl
bfdj nfrfhDoBsj nfsK dbsq lc lc vfjzfk jsv smfe 20 vfjzfk
bfmfp zflfq jvskb hQ bfmfp swsN lvsl hafrDm 100 hfv ifE jsv
zffrv lvhfsv rjft W ivjfstv wfdv W mcdv ubA iafKGbf
jvskb.
28
zfidb smsrvhfbD jsv zfmt jvfv zfso zfibfv ucvsj dufnf

jvb njt hBGbf sjfbX rflDsn zfsY hQ kfv mfb dj?
ucmflfn nfbD
mfsnv iaKm kfvDsJv vfsk bfdj 4 vfjzfk bfmfp iVsk rq;

iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf Jtfn 13 hfv jsv ifE jvsk rq. sk bfdj 1
tfJ sbjD tfH rq hQ 1 tfJ sofbfr smfyb rq!
vfsk 12 vfjzfk bfmfspv jKfW hBGbf jvf rsq Kfsj.
zsbsjv sJqft msk, mfsnv y]fl slJfv ivrsk mfosvshv bfmfspv
iv rpvk zfhC hfjXv W zbAfbA dhdw nfrfhDoB 12 vfjzfk bIt
bfmfp zflfq jvskb hQ iadk vfjzfsk Ifdkrfv iv nCvf Jtfn 11
hfv jsv ifE jvskb. bfmfp swsN zffrv lvhfsv lczf W mfodIvfk
jfmbf jvskb.
zfidbW zfmt jvfv iCshG zfibfv ucvsj lqf jsv dufnf jsv dbb,
nh hBGbf sjfKfq zfsY hQ kfv mfb dj?
vuh
mfsn 1, 15, W swN kfvDsJ sofnt jvst bfdj (ofust nfb jvfv
mk) iaKm dlbjfv dwv mk dbifi rWqf pfq!
mfsn 30 vfjzfk bfmfp hQ kfv 5de vfk hflk jvfv sJqftD
IpDtk hBGbf jvf rsq Kfsj. hBGbf jvf rsq Kfsj zfsvf jk Ifpfsqt.
jfsvf msk mfsnv 15 kfvDsJ wfv isv 70 vfjzfk bfmfp iVst
ixdKhDv hx[vfdu idvmfB nWqfh tfH rq. (mc'ufmct dhl' 341ix} })
zfmt jvfv zfso zfibfv lfdqk rt, nshv ndEj ltDt susb
sbWqf. bsy{ hflk jvsk dosq dhlzfk jsv hnst It rsh ef.
hfh sp vuh mfsnv IpDtk ns sjfb nrDr rflDn hdBGk rqdb.
29
mfsnv hflsk; bfmfp, svfpf hf mvfr iftsb sjfb ixKj mpGflf

wvDqsk sb. nckvfQ dbdlG bfmfp hf svfpfv hAfifsv sp nh IpDtk
ifWqf pfq, kf nh mboVf.
nftfkcv vfofsqh
mfsn ucmzfv vfsk wfv isv 12 vfjzfk bfmfp iVf rsq Kfsj.
6 nftfsm iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf Ifdkrfv iv nCvf jflXv 3 hfv hQ nCvf
Jtfn 12 hfv iVsk rq. bfmfp swsN 70 hfv lvl wvDI hQ zfsvf
zbAfbA lczf W dnulfr. nh dhlzfk. (dhswN } kfhqDbct zfufh, dhmf
zvflf ID Ifpdt vfufh, mfumC IfkfWqf hsb kfdmqAfr 2/2, mc'ufmct dhlf' 338339, 342ix})
wf'hfb
mfsnv 1 kfvDsJv vfsk bfdj 4 vfjzfk bfmfp; iaskAj vfjzfsk

nCvf Jtfn 15 hfv jsv iVsk rq. sk bfdj shmfv nWqfh tfH rq.
mfsn sp sjfb vfsk 1 nftfsm 8 vfjzfk bfmfp isV rpvk
Ifskmfv bfsm hJXsw dlst dkdb bfdj bfmfpDv ubA wfIfzfk bf jsv
shsrs j if-W dlshb bf!
zfidb wfIfzfskv zfwfLfvD rWqfv zfso slsJb, pf yjyj jvsY,
kf zfnst snfbf dj bf?
vmpfb
vmpfb W kfv hflk hQ dhlzfk nisjG `vmpfsbv Ifpfsqt
W svfpfv mfnfsqt' hA.
30
wWqft
mfsnv 1 kfvDsJv vfsk zKhf slv bfmfspv iv bfdj 4 vfjzfk

bfmfp iVsk rq; iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf Jtfn 21 hfv jsv ifE jvsk
rq. sk bfdj shsrsv 8de lvuf sJftf hQ slfpsJv 7de lvuf h
rsq pfq. mvfv iCshG shsrs dbsuv fb slJf pfq.
YfVf dlsb zKhf vfsk zfsvf 8 vfjzfk bfmfspv jKf htf rq. pfv
ltDt kth jvb zfibfv rpvk uDv jfsY.
vmpfsbv svfpf vfJfv iv mfsn Yqde svfpf vfJst nfvf hYv svfpf
vfJfv nmfb nWqfh tfH rq - jKf nrDr rflDsn iadn. dj mfsn
6de svfpf vfJst kfv zfmt-bfmfq iadkde svfpfv dhdbmsq j rfufv
bIt svfpfv IpDtk stJf rq, mfsn mxkcAhvB jvst wrDslv luGf tfH
rq, kfv zfmt-bfmfq nm msk mcrfmflDv bIt svfpfnmCsrv nWqfh
dtJf rq hQ sn hAd iaKm JtDIf rpvk zfhC hfjXsvv nfsK shsrs j
nfsK zhfb jvsh -kAfdl jKf sjfbX rflDsn zfsY hQ kfv mfb dj?
nh dhwfn jvfv zfso zhwA zfibfv ucv nfsrhsj dufnf jsv
sbshb.
pct-jf'lfr
mfsnv 1 kfvDsJv vfsk bfdj 4 vfjzfk; iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf

Jtfn 23 hfv jsv ifE jvsk rq. sk bfdj shsrs 4000 tft
qfjCskv Ov SkvD rq! iaskAj Osv uWrfsvv dnQrfnb Kfjsh!! iaskAj
31
dnQrfnsb v hnf Kfjsh; kfslv jift nCpG zsi[f shwD t rsh!!!

YfVf mfsnv iaskAj vfsk 2 vfjzfk bfmfp iVst bfdj 1 ub
wrDl W 1 rsv nWqfh tfH rsh! zfv mfsnv iaskAj hfv 4
vfjzfk bfmfp iVst 1de r W 1de mvfv nWqfh rsh!!
mfsnv iaKm snfmhfv svfpf vfJst zfmtbfmfq bfdj j rfufv hYsvv
zdLj bIt svfpf vfJfv nWqfh dtJf rq. zfv mfsnv sp sjfbW jde
dlb svfpf vfJst sn dlbdev iadkde Oefv idvhskG j jde jhct rsv
nWqfh zfmtbfmfq dtJf rq!
jec j jsv shzflhD rstW zfibfv ucvsj dufnf jsv dbb
nshv ifjf ltDt sjfKfq?
pct-rffr
mfsnv 1 kfvDsJv vfsk 4 vfjzfk; iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf Jtfn

25 hfv. sk shmfv nWqfh tfH rq.
mfsnv iaKm 10 dlsbv dhksvv bfmfspv iv 2 vfjzfk; iaskAj
vfjzfsk nCvf jfWnfv 3 hfv hQ nCvf Jtfn 3 hfv iVst `mfjfsm
Db' (?) tfH rsh, iaskAj sjswv hlst 1000 sbjD hQ 1000
lDbfv nljf jvfv nWqfh tfH rsh!
zfhfsvf hdt, sjht smsrvhfbD jsv nshv ifjf ltDt kth jvb.
dufnf jvb, sn idh rflDn sjfKfq zfsY hQ kfv mfb dj? spsrkc
mrfb zffr hstb,
3 /9$#u Muit79$$/ ts>s? G. ) .e%!$# r& (#=ts
zKGf{, pdl skfmvf bf ufb, kfrst dhoBsj dufnf jsv bfW ltDtiamfB W oanr. (nCvf bfrt 43-44 zfqfk)
32
zfwCvf W mcrfvGfm
yf hYsvv hfsvf mfn zffrv dbLGfdvk sn jKf nhf ufsb. kfv msLA
yfvde mfn `zfwvt vm' (zKGf{ dbdN mfn) bfsm idvdyk. spsrkc
dhswN jsv sn mfndtsk pc-dhoar W Jcb-lff jvf rfvfm hf dbdN
kf. hAfifsv mrfb zffr hstb,
Nuy9$# t,n=yz tt !$# =tF2 #Xy u|t $sO$# !$# y 9$# n )
s 9$# e$!$# y79s 4 m yt/r& !$p] F{$#u
4 6|r& (#=s? s 4 h)
zKGf{, dbyq zffrv dbje ixdKhD W zfjfwmtD nxd jvfv dlb

rsk zffrv djkfsh mfnnmCsrv nQJAf rt hfsvf. v msLA yfvde mfn
rt dbdN. ef rt nciadkdk LmG. nckvfQ skfmvf mfndtsk
dbsuslv iadk zkAfyfv jsvf bf. (nCvf kfWhfr 36 zfqfk)
zfv yfvde mfn rt } pct-jf'lfr, pct-rffr, mcrfvGfm W vuh.
rt mrfb zffr jkxGj sOfdNk yfvde mfsnv mpGflf.
wvDqsk mcrfvGfm mfsnv sp mpGflf vsqsY, kf v[f jvfv nfsK nfsK
zfmfslv zdkdv jkGhA drnfsh svfpf iftb jvfv dhLfb vsqsY.
htf hftA nck svfpfnmCsrv msLA mcrfvGfm mfsnv svfpf zbAkm.
vmpfsbv iv iv vsqsY svfpfv mfb. zffrv vnCt hstsYb,
vmpfsbv iv nhGswa svfpf rt zffrv mfn mcrfvGfsmv svfpf. zfv Ivp
bfmfspv iv nhGswa bfmfp rt vfskv (kfrfcslv) bfmfp. (mcndtm
1163bQ, ncbfb zfvhfzfr, hsb Jcpfmfr)
mcrfvGfm mfsnv svfpfv msLA nhsysq shwD kfjDliaf rt mfsnv 10
33
kfvDJ zfwCvfv dlsbv svfpf. vmpfsbv svfpf Ivp rWqfv zfso svfpf
Wqfsuh dYt. vhfsq' dhs mczfdhp hstb, zffrv vnCt zfwCvfv
njfst mlDbfv zfswifsw zfbnfvslv hdsk hdsk Jhv ifdEsq dlstb
sp, sp svfpf zhfq njft jsvsY, sn spb kfv svfpf iCBG jsv sbq. zfv
sp hAd svfpf bf vfJf zhfq njft jsvsY snW spb kfv hfjD dlb iCBG
jsv sbq.
vhfsq' hstb, `zfmvf kfv iv rsk svfpf vfJkfm hQ zfmfslv
sYfe sYfe hfyfslvsjW vfJfkfm. kfslv ubA kcstfv sJtbf SkvD jvkfm
hQ kfslvsj mndusl dbsq spkfm. zk}iv kfslv msLA sj Jfhfsvv
ubA j]flsk v jvst kfsj sJtbf dlkfm. zfv Hfsh Ikfsvv
nmq sn si]ZYk.' (zfrmfl 6/359, hcJfvD 1960, mcndtm 1136, hsb Jcpfmf
2088bQ, hfrfjD 4/288)
mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `jcvfwvf ufsrdtqfskv pcso zfwCvfv svfpf

iftb jvk. zfv zffrv vnCt -W ufsrdtqfsk svfpf vfJskb. (
dlb dYt jfhfq dotfI yVfhfv dlb.) zk}iv dkdb pJb mlDbfq stb,
kJbW dkdb svfpf vfJstb hQ njtsj vfJsk zfslw dlstb. dj
ivhkGDsk pJb vmpfsbv svfpf Ivp rt, kJb zfwCvfv svfpf sYsV
dlstb. kJb zhf rt sp, pfv Yf rsh sn vfJsh hQ pfv Yf
rsh sn vfJsh bf.' (hcJfvD 1952, 2002, mcndtm 1125bQ iamcJ)
hsb zffn hstb, mrfbhD pJb mf sKsj druvk jsv mlDbfq
stb, kJb slJstb, qflDvf zfwCvfv dlsb svfpf iftb jvsY. dkdb
kfslvsj dufnf jvstb, ef dj mb dlb sp, skfmvf dlsb svfpf
vfJY? qflDvf htt, ` j m dlb. dlsb zffr hfbD
nvftsj kfslv w sKsj idvfB dlsqdYstb. kf mCnf v
jxkkf fisbv sswA dlsb svfpf iftb jsvdYstb. (zfv sn
ubA zfmvfW dlsb svfpf svsJ Kfdj.)'
34
jKf sb mrfbhD htstb, mCnfv nxdk iftb jvfv hAfifsv

skfmfslv yfsk zfdm zdLj rjlfv. nckvfQ dkdb dlsb svfpf
vfJstb hQ njtsj svfpf vfJsk zfslw dlstb. (hcJfvD 2004, mcndtm 1130bQ)
htf hftA sp, zfslw dYt mcfrfh. spmb mf zfsqwfv dsk
kf i. kf YfVf mrfbhD hstb, zfusj zfwCvfv dlb; v svfpf
zffr skfmfslv iv Ivp jsvb db. ksh zfdm svfpf svsJdY. nckvfQ
pfv Yf sn svfpf vfJsh, pfv Yf sn vfJsh bf. (hcJfvD 2003, mcndtm 1129bQ)
zfhc jfkflfr rsk hdBGk dkdb hstb, zffv vnCt zfwCvfv dlb
svfpf vfJf ians dufdnk rst dkdb htstb, zfdm zfwf jdv sp, (
svfpf) dhok j hYsvv ifivfdw smfyb jsv slsh. (zfrmfl 5/297,
mcndtm 1162, zfhC lfl 2425, hfrfjD 4/286)
hsb zffn iamcJf{ hdBGk, dkdb hstb, `zffrv vnCt vmpfsbv
svfpfv iv zfwCvfv dlb YfVf sjfb dlbsj zbA dlb zsi[f mfrfkAiCBG
msb jvskb bf.' (kfhfvfbDv zfWnfk, nrDr kfvoDh 1006 bQ) zbcvi hdBGk
zfsY hcJfvD W mcndtm wvDsI. (hcJfvD 2006, mcndtm 1132bQ)
zhwA sp hAd zfwCvfv svfpf vfJsh kfv ubA kfv jdlb zfso (9
kfvDsJ)W jde svfpf vfJf nck. spsrkc hsb zffn hstb, zffrv
vnCt pJb zfwCvfv svfpf vfJstb hQ njtsj vfJfv zfslw dlstb,
kJb stfsjvf htt, `sr zffrv vnCt! dlbdesj skf qfl W
bfnfvfvf kf'pDm jsv Kfsj.' dkdb htstb, kfrst zfmvf zfofmD hYsv
9 kfvDsJW svfpf vfJh bwfzffr. dj zfofmD hYv zfnfv zfso
zffrv vnCt -v djft rsq sot. (mcndtm 1134, zfhC lfl 2445bQ)
hsb zffn hstb, `skfmvf 9 W 10 kfvDsJ svfpf vfJ.' (hfrfjD
4/287, zfcv vfpXpfj 7839bQ)
i[fsv skfmvf v jdlb zfso hf jdlb isv jde svfpf vfJ rflDn nrDr bq. (hsb Jcpfmf 2095bQ, zfthfbDv eDjf }) klbcvi
35
nrDr bq skfmvf v jdlb zfso jde hQ jdlb isvW jde

svfpf vfJ - rflDn. (pflct mfzfl 2/76 eDjf })
htf hftA, 9 W 10 kfvDsJ svfpf vfJf nck. i[fsv sjht 10
kfvDsJ svfpf vfJf mjvr. (hsb hfp, IfkfWqf ntfdmqAfr 2/170) spsrkc
kfsk qflDslv nflxwA nfLb rq hQ kf mrfbhD -v zfwfv
iadkjCt. zhwA sj sj hstb, `mjvr bq. ksh sj jdlb (sjht
zfwCvfv dlb) svfpf vfJst iCBG nWqfshv zdLjfvD rsh bf.'
fkhA sp, nfb -v dlsb wrDl rWqfv nfsK svfpfv sjfb
dbje zKhf lCvkm sjfb nijG sb. jfvB, kfv iCshG mrfbhD ; hvQ
k]fv iCshG mCnf bhD dlsb svfpf svsJ sosYb. zfv dlsb dwqf
nialfq sp mfkm W swfj iftb, mcJ W hcj dysv, ofst Kfiv smsv, yctufmf dY]sV, disE yfhcj smsv zfkiarfv kAfdl jsv Kfsj, kf uObAkm
dhlzfk. ncfrsk nshv sjfb dHd sb.
iv mxkhAdv ubA mfkm jvf ShL bq. ians jfdLj rflDn hdBGk
rsqsY. pfv djYc dbmvi }zfhC vfvf jkxGj hdBGk, zffrv vnCt hstb, mfbcsNv mfsU
lcde jmG mb vsqsY pf jcIvD (jfsIvslv jfu). (iaKmde rt,) hQsw
sJf]ef slWqf hQ (dkDqde rt,) mxskv ubA mfkm jvf. (mcndtm 67bQ)
rpvk zfhC mfstj zfwzfvD jkxGj hdBGk, zffrv vnCt hstb,
zfmfv mskv mfsU yfvde jfu rt ufsrdtqfskv iaKf, pf kfvf kAfo
jvsh bf; hQw dbsq ohG jvf, (jfsvf) hQw-nCs sJ]fef slWqf, kfvf (W
b[sv) mfLAsm hxdv zfwf jvf hQ (mclGfv ubA) mfkm jvf.
zfnst dhtfi W mfkm jsv jff jvf mdrtfslv zHAfn. kf vnCt
mdrtfslv ubA hstsYb, zffr W ivjfst dhhfdnbD sjfb sjfb
mdrtfv ubA sjfb mxskv iv dkb dlsbv zdLj swfj iftb jvf rftft
bq. ksh mxk fmD rst kfv iv 4 mfn 10 dlb swfj iftb jvsh.
36
(hcJfvD 1201j, mcndtm 2730 j, iamcJ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, mfkmjfdvBD mdrtf pdl mxkcAv iCshG kWhf bf jsv
mfvf pfq, kfrst djqfmskv dlsb kfsj odtk () kfmfv ifqufmf
(swstfqfv) W yctjfdblfv (zKhf slfpsJv zfsbv SkvD) jfmDn ivf
zhfq icbvdk jvf rsh. (mcndtm 934, hsb mfufr 1581bQ)
rpvk hsb mfnl jkxGj hdBGk, zffrv vnCt hstb, sn
hAd zfmfv ltHc bq, sp hAd (dhisl zSLpG rsq zKhf stfj
slJfsbfv sswA) ofst yfiV mfsv otf W hcsjv jfiV IfsV hQ
ufsrtD pcsov (stfsjslv) mk Ffj sYsV mfkm jsv! (hcJfvD 1294,
2197, mcndtm 103, dkvdmpD, bfnf, hsb mfufr 1584bQ, zfrmfl, hsb drfb)
rpvk zfhC hcvlfr hstb, (zfmfv dikf) zfhC mCnf zfwzfvD jlf
zncsJv pBfq mCYGf sostb. sn nmq k]fv j idvhfsvv sjfst k]fv mfKf
vfJf dYt. sn kJb ncv Lsv dy{jfv jsv jff v jsv dlt. sn zhfq
zfhc mCnf kfsj hfLf dlsk z[m dYstb. dj pJb dkdb iCBG fb dIsv
sistb kJb htstb, `sn stfsjv nfsK zfmfv sjfb nijG sb, sp
stfj rsk zffrv vnCt nijG dY jvfv jKf sOfNBf jsvsYb.
zffrv vnCt sn mdrtf rsk nijG dY jvfv jKf sOfNBf jsvsYb, sp
(dhisl zSLpG rsq zKhf stfj slJfsbfv sswA) yvsh dhtfi jsv,
mfkm jsv, mfKfv sjw mcb jsv hQ dbsuv idvdrk jfiV sY]sV. (hcJfvD
jfef nbsl 1296bQ, mcndtm 104, hsb mfufr 1586bQ, bfnf, hsb drfb)
mfkm jvf hf mxkcAhfdNGjD iftb jsv swfjiftb wvDqsk ShL bq; bf

rpvk nfsbv ubA, zfv bf- k]fv sKsj hV sjfb nfrfhD zKhf sjfb
bhDv ubA. sjht wrDlslv ubA rstW zfidb jfsj sYsV jfv jk swfj
iftb jvshb? iafq dlb skf sj bf sj wrDl rsqsYb.
zfwCvfv dlb `mrvGm' ivh mfbfsk dosq djYc mcntmfb kfdpqf hfdbsq
Kfsj. rpvk nfsbv bjt jhv hfdbsq kf vsKv mk vffq vffq
37
Ocvfsbf rq hQ dbsq pfWqf rq bjt jfvhftfv mqlfsb. zfv sn ns

Tfj-sTft, hfubf-h]fdw, dwjGD W dhlzfkD mdnGqf nr mfkm jvf rq,
kstfqfv W tfdE sJtf rq, zfkiarfv jvf rq, ml sJsq bfyf rq W
zfsmfl-ICdkG jvf rq.
lst lst dpqfvk jvf rq sn bjt jhsvv, dnulf jvf rq, snJfsb
bpv mfbf W iCvB jvf rq. zfv nh sp ntfmD wvDqsk rfvfm kf htfv
zsi[f vfsJ bf.
YfVf sjfb sjfb nialfq dbwfbfv shv jsv mdnGqf (swfjofKf) sosq
shVfq. sp mdnGqfsk nfrfhD mczfdhqf W k]fv sYst qfpDlsj oftfofdt
jvf rq, (2) jfsIv htf rq, kAfdl.
zKy zfmfslv wvDqk zfmfslvsj hst, skfmvf mxkslvsj ofdt dlW
bf. spsrkc kfvf dbsuslv jxkjsmGv It sHfo jvsY. (hcJfvD)
skfmvf mxkslvsj ofdt dlsq uDdhkslvsj j dlW bf. (nrDr
dkvdmpD 2/190)
jfsj jfsIv htfW nru hAfifv bq. spsrkc kfsk dbsuv [dk dbsu
jvf rq. spsrkc mrfbhD hstb,
sp hAd kfv (mcndtm) Hfsj `jfsIv' hst kfslv Hsqv
jusbv iv kf hkGfq. (hcJfvD W mcndtm) pdl sn jfsIv rq spmb
sn hst; bsy{ kf kfv iv dIsv zfsn. (mcndtm)
sjfb hAd pJb ziv hAdsj jfsIv hf Ifsnj hst zdHdrk jsv,
kJb kf kfv iv dIsv zfsn pdl ziv hAd kf bf rq. (hcJfvD)
Jfbf-ifdb lfb jvf Hfstf dudbn rstW dlsb lfb jvf Hfstf hst
sjfb ltDt sb zfv sn ubA dlsb dbdlG jsv kf lfb jvf dhlzfk.
(2) qfpDl hf pDl nisjG ufbsk `kfWrDl' iVcb.
38
htf hftA sp, zfsmfl jvsk dosq mcndtmslv jk wk zsKGv

ziyv Ose. sp zKG nisjG jft djqfmsk kfsj iaw jvf rsh.
i[fsv j nialfqsj slJf pfq sp, ICdkG W Icefdb jvfv ubA kfslv
isjse iqnf sb slsJ zmcndtmslv iCsufv y]flf skftfv zbcjvsB
kfvfW sufviChGj isK-hfufsv y]flf kcst shVfq. pfsk kfvf HqHfsh
[dkoa W OxdBk rq. slswv zfsbv jfsYW kfvf rq zivfLD.
zmcndtmvf rqskf LfvBf jsv sp, efW rt ntfm. zKy mcndtsmv
Osv um dbsq kfvf sp, jcstv jctffv kf kfslvsj sj hcUfsh? sj
hcUfsh sp, kfslv ntfsm pdl swaBDv zfsmfl-ICdkG bf Kfjskf,
kfrst HcstW kfvf sn jfu jvskf bf. spsrkc kfvf skf sjfb mffnfv
ubA mcndtmslv jfsY y]flf jvsk slJst bfj dn]ejfq hQ kfv ubA
mffnfv dw[fsj `dHsJvD dhlAf' hst zdHdrk jsv.
zfnst dhufdkv slJfsldJ zfbl tfsHv mfbsn LmGsj zfbcfdbjkfv
SrSy- nDmfh jsv swaBDv stfsjvf Lvsbv ivh iftb jsv Kfsj.
zfnst rpvk nfb hf k]fv bfbfv nfsK pkef mrk kfvf iajfw jsv
Kfsj, kfv sKsj zfsvf shwD iajfw jsv Kfsj zfsmfl-ICdkGv nfsK kfslv
iaLfb mrk. nckvfQ zffr kfslvsj n{iK slJfb. zfmDb.
sk sjfb nslr sb sp, dhlzfskv Oef bhD hf nfrfhfslv pcso
dYt bf. dYt bf kfshqDslv pcso. vfuSbdkj Ifqlf tcefv ubA
dhlzfk nhGiaKm yftc jsv vfuf mcpXpcl lfWtfr (mcqDuccf) IfskmD
hfolfsl 352 druvDsk. zfv LDsv LDsv kf imrfslsw yftc rq iafq
1414 dJafsv isv hflwfr Skmcvtsv pcso.
nfb mcrfvGfm W zfwCvfsj sj jsv jk wk hfbfWqfde W
mboVf rflDn W dkrfn SkvD rsqsY. nxd rsqsY jfdLj ibAfn W
jfhA. zfv sn nh mboVf rflDn W ibAfnsj dHd jsv zfmfslv
pchjvf zfbcfdbj LmG iftb jvsk zfblshfL jvsY.
39
iajfw Kfsj sp, `dhNfl-dnc' sjfb dkrfsnv h bq; hvQ kf jde

ibAfn. nckvfQ sn h sKsj dkrfn oarB jsv kf dhwfn jvf zfmfslv
dyk bq.
zfmfslv dyk, bhD W k]fv idvhfsvv njstv iadk iaofP mrk
vfJf. kf bf vfJst zfmfslv mfb Kfjsk ifsv bf.
i[fsv dlsb dbu idvhfv-idvusbv iv Jvy hxd jvf, Hfstf
Jfhfv JfWqf, dhswN sjfb bfmfp iVf, lfb-Jqvfk jvf, dhswN jsv
wvhk-ifdb lfb jvf, jtI hAhrfv jvf, skt mfJf, ncvmf hAhrfv jvf
iaHxdk dhlzfk. njt dhlzfk rpvk nfb -v JcbDvf
zfdhjfv jsv sosY. (kfmfmct dmfr 412ix} })
10 mcrfvGsmv wrDlslvsj mvB jsv zfbl jsv hf sj]sl zfv tfH
dj? zfmvf uqbft zfshlDsbv mk sj]sl mskv dj jvsk ifdv? zfu
nfvf dhsw zdLjfQw mcndtmslv slw tsk tft rsY.
mcndtm! skfvf zfu uqbft zfshlDb,
`Wqf srfsnbf - Wqf srfsnbf' sj]sl kf pfsh dlb!
bf, kf bq. hvQ zfmfslv sn jfvhftfv dw[f dbsq jkGhA dbLGfvB jsv
nskAv isK nQoafm jvsk rsh.
dIsv t zfhfv sn mcrvGm mfdrbf,
kAfo yfdr mdnGqf lb yfdr bf.
DN sjfvfsbv, rfsk sko zfvhDv,
lcdbqfsk bk bq mcndtm jfsvf dwv.
ksh swfb swfb hfsu sjfKf lfmfmf,
wmswv rfsk bfW, h]fsLf dwsv zfmfmf.
shsusY bfjfVf, r]fsj bjDshv kcpGA,
]dwqfv ntfm, Fcsh ksh nCpGA.
40
zfwCvfv hfbfWde IpDtk }

zfwCvfv jdkiq mboVf IpDtskv uft zKhf lchGt rflDn stfjmcsJ
zKhf hfufvD djkfsh iaydtk zfsY. sp nisjG nkjG Kfjf iaskAj
mcndtsmv jkGhA.
1. sp hAd zfwCvfv dlb Ndml ncmGf hAhrfv jvsh, kfv jJsbf syfsJv
svfo rsh bf. (pqDIct ufsm' 5467bQ)
2. sp hAd zfwCvfv dlsb dbu idvhfv-idvusbv iv Jvy hxd jvsh,
zffr kfv sn hYsvv njt dlsb iawkf lfb jvshb. ( 5873bQ)
3. sp hAd zfwCvfv dlb svfpf vfJsh, kfv zfmt bfmfq 60 hYsvv svfpf
W bfmfspv nWqfh dtJf rsh.
4. sp hAd zfwCvfv dlb svfpf vfJsh, sn 10 rfufv wrDslv nWqfh tfH
jvsh.
5. sp hAd zfwCvfv dlb sofnt jvsh, kfv sn hYsv sjfb zncJ rsh bf.
6. sp hAd zfwCvfv vfd suso hflk jvsh, ---- kfv 50 hYv iCshGv
hQ 50 hYv isvv sofbfr mfI rsq pfsh.
7. zfwCvfv dlb zffr zfvsw zfnDb rsqsYb.
8. zfwCvfv dlb djqfmk jfsqm rsh. kAfdl
zfsJvD yfrfv swff

IfvnD HfNfq `zfsJvD yfrfv swff' mfsb rt, swN hcLhfv. nIv mfsn
zfmfslv diaq bhD mcrfmfl bfdj djYcdlb znc sKsj mfsnv swN
hcLhfv dkdb svfomc rsq nfbfrfv jsvdYstb. sn ubA dlsb h
mcntmfb zfbslf{nh jsv Kfsj, dhvfe u]fjumsjv nfsK dnd-nftfk,
mDtfl-mfrdIt, sJtfLCtf W hbsHfub kAfdl jsv Kfsj. msb jvf rq
sp, dlbdesk lfb-Jqvfk jvf, ovDh-dmnjDbdlosj JfWqfsbf W lczflvl ifE jvf kAfdl h sbjDv jfu.
41
htf hftA sp, jfu Hfstf rstW sn jfusj sjfb dbdlG dlsbv mfsU
nDmfh jvf pfq bf. bsy{ zdbdlG jfusj jft, if, idvmfB hf idk
fvf dbdlG jvst dhlzfk rq.
zffrv vnCt hstb, sp hAd zfmfslv Db dhNsq zdHbh djYc
vybf jvsh pf v zHGc bq kf iakAfJAfk. (hcJfvD 2697, mcndtm 1718bQ)
mcndtm wvDsIv j hBGbfq dkdb hstb, sp hAd mb sjfb jmG jsv;
pfsk zfmfslv sjfb dbslGw sb kf iakAfJAfk. (mcndtm 1718 bQ)
YfVf msb jvf rq sp, dlsb iafBdiaq bhDuDv svfo dbvfmq rsqsY.
dkdb svfsov rfk sKsj mcd tfH jsvsYb hQ dlb bfdj dkdb wrsvv
hfsv shVfsk sosYb. kf slJf pfq, zfsmfslv mcndtmvf dlsb
rfstfqf-vde sJsq zfbl iajfw jsv hQ wrsvv hfsv shVfsk pfq.
dj dkrfn nf[A slq sp, k]fv uDhsbv nIv mfsnv swN hcLhfv svfo
dbvfmq bq; hvQ nIv mfsnv 29 kfvDsJ dkdb svfooa rsq isVb.
zkh zfidb zfibfv rfstfqf-vdev ucvsj dufnf jsv dbb sp,
njt bfmfspv hQ zfsJvD yfrfv swff iftsbv ndEj dkrfn W ltDt
dj? kf YfVf sn svfo dbvfmsqv jKf ndEj rstW dj mskv ubA kf
iftbDq dlb drnfsh oBA rsk ifsv? bfdj `rfstfqf-vde Jfsb sj dtsq jcY
hfrfbf yfdrsq?'
bhDdlhn (mDtfl)
`mDtfl' hf `mfWdtl' mfsb umdlb hf um[B. mrfbhD -v
umdlbsj sj jsv zKhf bkcb hfdV, slfjfb, jfvJfbf hf ofdV
sfLsbv nmq zKhf sjfb mpGflfiCBG dlb hf vfsk Hfstf msb jsv
nWqfshv zfwfq `mDtfl' hf `smZtcl' ifE jde LmGDq zbcfsb idvBk
rsqsY. smfvsov hfrsb zfok mDtfl zbcfb fsKGv Jfdksv h
pcsv iftb jsv Kfsjb. j ifk sofX-Hfk hf 2/5ef hfkfnf hf dmdv
42
stfsH idk rq h bfmfpD-shbfmfpD mfbcN. vfuSbdkj Ifqlf tcefv

ubA slswv zdLjfQw mfbcsNv mb spfofsk dlbsj nvjfvD Ycde hst
sOfNBf jvf rq. sjfb sjfb slsw kf iftsbv ubA zsbj iajfv nfrfpAnrspfdokfW jvf rq. dj sn zbcfsbv LmGDq vi dj?
mrfb zffr zfmfslv Db ntfmsj iCBGf jsv dlsqsYb k]fv bhDv
uDhwfsk. mrfb zffr hstb,
4 $Y zn=M}$# 3s9 Muu Ly 3n=t MoCr&u 3s 3s9 M=y.r& tu9$#
zKGf{, zfu skfmfslv ubA skfmfslv Db iCBGf jvtfm W skfmfslv

iadk zfmfv zbcoar (sbqfmk) niCBG jvtfm hQ ntfmsj skfmfslv
LmGvsi msbfbDk jvtfm. (nCvf mfsqlfr 3 zfqfk)
zfv mrfbhD hstb, sp hAd zfmfslv (Db) hAfifsv bkcb djYc
zfdhjfv jsv sn hAdv sn jfu iakAfJAfk. (hcJfvD W mcndtm) sp hAd
mb sjfb jfu jsv pfv iv zfmfslv sjfb dbslGw sb sn hAdv sn
jfu iakAfJAfk. (mcndtm)
ntfsm iftbDq l rt mf lcde; lct dIkXv W lct zfprf. kxkDq
sjfb l ntfsm sb. mrfbhD bhcqskv 23 hYv jft dbsuv uDhsb
sjfb hYv dbsuv umdlb iftb jsv pfbdb. sjfb nfrfhDsj kf iftb
jvfv dbslGwW slbdb. k]fv iChGhkGD bhDslv um-mxkcA its[A sjfb
zfbl zKhf swfjiftb jsv pfbdb.
k]fv ivhkGDjfst k]fv yfvub JtDIf k]fslv sJtfIkjfst vfDqHfsh
zKhf jfjD bhDdlhn iftb jsv pfbdb. zbA sjfb nfrfhD hf zfkDqW
k]fv iadk k Hfstfhfnf W waf Kfjf nsW k]fv umdlb its[A
zfbl zKhf mxkcAdlb its[A swfj iftb jsvbdb. k]fslv isvW sjfb
kfsh zKhf k]fslv sjfb jdb zbcnfvD zKhf sjfb mfm k]fv um
djQhf mxkcAdlb iftb jvfv dk dlsq pfbdb. nckvfQ kf sp bh zfdhjxk
43
dhlzfk, kf htf hftA.

kfYfVf zdLjfQw `sl-mDtflcb-bhD'v zbcfsb pf Ose Kfsj kf odrGk,
dhlzfk, hQ wvDqskv dhvfyvB; v zbAKf bq. i[fsv sl
mDtfl vnCt , k]fv nfrfhfhxl, kfshqDhoG, yfv mfmoB hQ swakm
(iafvdHj) wkfDdtv zbA sj iftb jsv pfbdb. zfv v nis[
sjfb wvqD iamfBW sb. pdl kf iftb jvf dhsLq hf Hfstf rk, kfrst
zfmfslv zfso k]fvf kf iftb jsv spskb. zfv pJb k]fvf kf iftb
jsv pfbdb, kJb shfUf sot sp, zhwA zfmfslv kf iftb jvf dhlzfk
W rfvfm.
mDtfsl pf rq
waDjxsv umdlb its[ umfmDsk drlcvf sp zbcfb jsv Kfsjb,
snJfsb jub Hft hf zfsnb. LCilfb, stfhfb W smfmhfdkv mfsU
hfv Ffsb Kfsj k]fslv idh oa òDkf' hQ diYsb Kfsj dwsNAv lt.
zk}iv hf dhdH Hdsk mrfmdk waDjxsv uDhbD hBGbf v jsvb
hQ I]fsj I]fsj ncsvtf js iawQnfnCyj jdhkf zfWVfsk Kfsjb.
idk swafkf W dwNAmtDv njst mfKf lcdtsq kfst kft dmdtsq
ncv H]fusk Kfsjb. mb nmq rEf{ j ipGfsq hf l]fdVsq pfb. ns
ns zbA njst l]fdVsq sTft-jvkft hfdusq nmsv ofsk Kfsjb,
`soG dYt vfsmv bfm, mskGA sj zfdbt sv---?' (dmtfl mfrdIt 63ix}, mDtfl
ian, mcrfmfl zfnflcfr zft-ofdth 8-9ix})
htf hftA mDtflD dhlzfkDvfW zbcvi mrfbhD -v um-hxf

mLcv js dhhxk jsv; hst, `mfvrfhf qf mfvrfhf vfrmfkft dttzftfmDb, prfv qf nfdqlft mcvnftDb---.' zKGf{, sJfw-zfmsll,
sJfw-zfmsll sr uofnDv vrmk! zfdhHCGk rb sr vnCtslv nlGfv!---'
zk}iv kVfjX jsv sE `djqfm' jsv `qf bhD nftfm zftfjf' v
rsq pfq.
44
mDtflDvf mrfbhD -v umdlbsj sj jsv bfbf zfudh jKf

dbsq Kfsj. zdkvdk jfidbj dkrfn hBGbf jsv Kfsj. spmb jdh
hstsYb,
ìfdb jWnv
mdB uWrv
zfdb duhvft zfu rvlm lfsm oWrv,
efdb mfdtj-t-mWk dudv h]fsL mxkcAv fv stZrv.
rfdb hvNf nrnf dmjft jsv
Nv zfvsh dHMf,
hfsu bh nxdv fsn Ob nvfIDstv dwMf!'
mDtfl-slAffvf zdLjfQw dwsjG zfidkk rsq Kfsj. spsrkc sk
kfvf dwjDG bf'k W out zfhxd jsv Kfsj. spmb,
`sr zffrv vnCt! mll W nfrfpA
sr zffrv vnCt! zfibfv isv zfmfv Hvnf.
sr zffrv vnCt! zfmfslv ne lCv jvb,
ne skf zfibfsj slJst nsv isV!!'
jKf pdl vnCt wcbskb kfrst dbyq dkdb kf dwsjG zfjhv hst
zdHdrk jvskb. spsrkc nfrfpA, mll W nemc jvf jmf zffrv
jfu hQ HvnftW jmf dkdb. zffr kfzftf hstb, zKhf sj
zfskGv zfrfsb nfVf slq pJb sn k]fsj Ffsj hQ dhil-zfil lCvDHCk
jsv? hQ sj skfmfslvsj ixdKhDsk iadkdbdL jsv ? zffrv ns sjfb
ifnA zfsY dj? (nCvf bfmXt 62 zfqfk)
zffr k]fv vnCtsj zfslw jsvb sp, ht, `zfdm skfmfslv zdbsv mfdtj b?' (nCvf dub 21 zfqfk)
zfv bhD hstb,pJb (djYc) yfsh kJb zffrv dbje yfW hQ
pJb nfrfpA iafKGbf jvsh kJb zffrv dbje jv. (dkvdmpD)
45
Wslv zsbsj hst Kfsj,

`Wr suf mcfhD zfwGX Kf sJflf srf jvX,
kv iVf rAfq mlDbf sm] mcfIf srf jvX.'
zKGf{, dkdb, dpdb sJflf rsq zfvsw zfnDb dYstb. dkdb mcfIf rsq
mlDbfq zhkDBG rstb!
htf hftA sp, vf rt kfvf, pfvf hst Kfsj,
`zfjfv bf dbvfjfv sn vfbf,
zfrmfl `zfrfl' rst ksh pfq ufbf!'
`zfrmfslv mDsmv ilGf kcst slsv mb,
slJdh snKf dhvfu jsv `zfrfl' dbvb.'
zfv kfvf hst Kfsj, dkdb rstb dhbf zfqsbv zfvh (zKGf{ vh).
iv Dsbv fb pfslv zfsY, kfslv jfsY jKf zi bq sp, mb
zfjDlf W dhwfn mfbcNsj zhkfvhflD siZdtj kKf bhD nf -sj
qQ zffr mfbsb-Wqftfslv mk jfsIv jsv sIst.
zdLjfQw mDtfsl vnCt -v iawQnfq nDmftQOb, zdkvb W
hfVfhfdV Kfsj; zKy bhD kf dbdN sOfNBf jsvsYb. dkdb hstb,
skfmvf zfmfv iawQnfq zdkvb jsvf bf, spmb JaDfbvf mfvqAfm ic
(nfv) jsvsY. spsrkc zfdm skf jub lfn mf, zkh skfmvf
zfmfsj `zffrv lfn W k]fv vnCt' hstf. (hcJfvD)
vn, mDtfl iaHxdk zbcfsb sJ jvf rq sp, zffr k]fv bCv
(suAfdk) rsk mcrfmflsj nxd jsvsYb hQ k]fv (mcrfmfslv) bCv rsk
njt h nxd jsvsYb. mDtflDvf zffrv bhD -sj bCsvv nxd hQ k]fv
bCsv uo{ nxd hst Kfsj. kfvf sosq Kfsj,
`zfmfv mcdwGsldv bCsvv Lfvfq,
jctX mfJXtcjfk nxd rtzfvw-jcnGD, tfWr W jtm
46
k]fv bCsv nxd rt.---'

iv jcvzfb kfslv jKfsj dmKAf iadki jsv. zffr hstb,
ht, zfdm skf skfmfslv mk jub mfbcN; zfmfv iadk iakAfslw
(WrD) rq sp, skfmfslv ifnA jmf ifnA. (nCvf jfrXI 110 zfqfk)
zfhfv jKf nhGubdhdlk sp, vnCt zbAfbA mfbcsNv mk dikfmfkfv vn rsk nxd. dj dkdb dYstb zffrv kvI rsk WrD lfvf
msbfbDk W ShdwAiCBG mrfmfbcN.
klbcvi mDtfsl htf rq sp, `zffr mcrfmfslv ubA uo{ nxd
jsvsYb. ( dhNsq rflDnocstf uft W oVf.) zKy jcvzfb jKfsj
dmKAf iadki jsv. zffr hstb, zfdm dub W mfbcNsj jmf zfmfv
hflskv ubA nxd jsvdY. (nCvf pfdvqfk 56 zfqfk)
dkdb uo{ nxdv mCt jfvB msb jsv zsbj mDtflD sosq Kfsj,
Ìct hfofsb Icet bhDb Ict.
sn Ict pdl bf Icdek, djYc iqlf bf rkbf jdvk zfvw-jcnGD utDt vct.
Ict hfofsb Icet bhDb Ict.'
dJafbvf zflfsu 25sw dFsnv pDnc dJasv usmf{nh (mDtfl, hVdlb
hf dmfn sF) hQ kfslv idvhfsvv iaskAj hAdv umdlb (hfKGsF')
hV zfbslv nfsK iftb jsv Kfsj. mcndtmvf kfslv mk zfbsl
mfskfqfvf rWqfv sswA dhlzfk Wslv dbje rsk oarB jsv
dbsqsY. kf vfW Wslv mk bhDdlhn (sl-mDtflcb-bhD) hQ idvhfsvv
nHAslv (dhswN jsv dwwcslv) `rAfdi hfKG sF'v zbcfb lXpfib jsv
Kfsj. zKy kfslv vnCt kfslvsj nfhLfb jsv hstb, sp hAd sjfb
nialfsqv nflxwA zhtb jsv sn kfslv jub. (zfhclfl)
bhDdlhn its[ jxk zbcfsb shwDv Hfo bfvD-icvN W pchjpchkDv zhfL dmtfdmwf Ose Kfsj; zKy jfusj ntfm zShL sOfNBf
47
jsvsY.
bhDdlhn lXpfisbv nfu-nvfm spmb; vdMb jfou, smfmhfdk iaHxdk
zfVsv (nfvf dhsw) sp zKG Jvy jvf rq, kf jsqj dmdtqsb dosq si]ZsY
Kfsj. zKy isv nh nfu-nvfm zbKGj ifdbsk sIst slWqf rq.
sk tfHhfb rq skf wcLc jfsIvvf; pfvf kfslv slw rsk zfmlfbDjxk
nfu-nvfsmv mCtA jcd[ok jsv. i[fsv wvDqk zfmfslvsj zKG
ziyq jvsk dbsNL jsvsY.
its[ mfdl hfbfsk W nfufsk stfsjvf pf nmq b jsv kfsk
zsbsj bfmfpW kAfo jvsk hfLA rq. hvQ nkA jKf sp, hAfifsv
bfmfpDslv kctbfq shbfmfpDvf shwD zfoar ialwGb jsv Kfsj.
mDtfslv zbcfb jvsk dosq zsbj nmq wrsvv isK dH]V udmsq ubuDhb hAfrk jvf rq. sn isKv svfoD rfnifkfst spsk ifsv bf, jmGhA
mfbcN dbu jmG nfvsk n[m rq bf.
Wslv zsbsj hst Kfsj, `zfmvf mDtfsl vnCt -v uDhbydvk
zfstfybf jdv.' dj hfsh Wvf mb nh djYc jsv W hst, pf k]fv hfBD
W ydvskv idviD. i[fsv dbdlG jsv dlsb k]fv uDhbydvk
zfstfybf jvfW dhlzfk. zfv bhDv siadmj skf sn hAd sp h{nvfs
jhfv bq hvQ iakAr k]fv uDhb-ydvk zfstfybf W ifE jsv. uDhsbv
iaskAj ils[si sjht k]fv zbcnvB jsv. zfv mffnf W mndusl iafq
skf k]fv uDhsbv jKf zfstfdyk rsq Kfsj. v ubA `mDtfl' zbcfsbv
iasqfub dj?
iv vdht zfWqft; sp mfsn (hQ zsbsjv msk, sp dlsb) k]fv um
dEj sn mfsn (W sn dlsb) k]fv mxkcA. nckvfQ kfsk swfj-iftsbv
sysq zfbl iajfw dbyq m bq. i[fsv swfjiftbW sjfb dhsLq
jmG bq.
zdLjfQw mDtflHvf kfvDsJ zLGvfd (hvQ kfvW zdLj) ipG
48
ufovB jsv Kfsj, pfv Ist jmis[ Iusvv bfmfp ufmfzfsk bf isV
b jsv sIst zKhf kfslv bfmfp Ycse pfq.
sl mDtfl h nQJAj stfj lXpfib jsv KfjstW (nkA dbvisB)
nQJAfdLjA dhshyA bq. sjbbf zffr kfzftf hstb,
9$# ) t7Ft ) 4 !$# 6y t x8= F{$# t unY2r& ? )u
ts ) )u
zKGf{, zfv pdl kcdm lcdbqfv zdLjfQw stfsjv jKfmk yt, ksh kfvf
skfmfsj zffrv iK rsk dhycAk jsv sItsh. kfvf skf Lc LfvBfv
zbcnvB jsv. zfv kfvf sjht zbcmfbdHdj jKf hst. (nCvf zfbzfm
116 zfqfk)
pfIf hstb, ìaskAj dhlzfk kf, pdlW njt stfsj kf

n{jmG hst LfvBf (hf zfmt) jsv Kfsj.'
zkh nQJAfdLjA bq; hvQ ltDt iamfB jvsh, kf dhlzfk zKhf
ncfk. mcsJv lfhDsk, hfofVsvv lfise djYc iamfB jvf pfq bf. djYc
iamfB jvsk rst ndEj ltDt W pcd Kfjf iasqfub. mrfb zffr
qflD-dJafb ns hstb,
(#?$y % 3 $tr& y7=? 3 3u|t r& # t%x. t ) syf9$# zt s9 (#9$s%u
t%| G2 ) 6uy/
zKGf{, kfvf hst qflD zKhf dJafb rWqf YfVf zbA sj jJbW
shsrs iashw jvsh bf. ef kfslv dmKAf zfwf. ht, pdl skfmvf
nkAhflD rW, kfrst ltDt idk jv. (nCvf hfjfvfr 111 zfqfk)
zfv sjfb jfusj Hfstf msb jsv jvst kf jvf pfq bf. zffrv bhD
-v um-jfdrbD swfbfhfv, k]fv iadk Hfstfhfnf iajfw jvfv, k]fv
49
iadk lvl iVfv, mfbcNsj LsmGv iadk zfrhfb jvfv zfsvf h nmq W
s[ zfsY. sjht zbcfsbv mfLAsm sjb kf jvsk rsh. kfYfVf Hfstfv
idk dj zffrv rfhDh W k]fv zbcok nfrfhfsq sjvfm -slv dj
ufbf dYt bf? Sj k]fvf skf jsv hf hst sostb bf? bfdj zfibfv ucsvv
Hfstf hcUfv [mkfef k]fslv yfskW shwD. zfv kf rst ucsvv kfv
hAfifsv dj zfibfv Jsbf sjfb nslr Kfjsk ifsv?
spsrkc mrfbhD hstb, zfmfv iCshGW sp njt zfdqf dYstb,
k]fslv iaskAsjv iv lfdqk dYt sp, k]fvf pf mskv ubA m
hst ufbshb, kf kfslvsj zhdrk jvshb hQ pf kfslv ubA ml hst
ufbshb, kf rsk kfslvsj nkjG jvshb. (mcndtm 1844bQ)
pdl sj iaw jsv sp, mDtfsl sp njt jfu jvf rq, kf skf Hft jfu,
zkh Hfstf jfsu [dk dj?
dj jfu Hfstf rst sp Yfmk jvf pfsh kf bq. wvDqskv dbslGdwk
idk, idvmfB, fb W jft drnfsh bf jvst sjfb jfu Hft rstW kf
zfnst Hft bq. dpjXv Hft rstW sbsy sbsy dpjXv Hft bq. bfmfp Hft,
dj znmsq bfmfp Hft bq. nljfr jvf Hft, dj zifs nljfr jvf
Hft bq. r jvf Hft, dj dptrsv dbdlG dlb YfVf zbA nmq
r Hft bq, mjhCt bq. kWqfI Hft, dj jf'hf YfVf zbA djYc
kWqfI dbyq Hft bq. kAfdl kAfdl.
htf hftA, mDtfl its[ sp njt sbj jfu jvf rq, kf zfnst sbj
rstW, dhlzfkD mDtfslv ys isV kfsk sjfb sbjD Kfjsh bf; sn nsh
sjfb nWqfh ifWqf pfsh bf.
jlf j hAd slv bfmfspv iCshG lc-vfjzfk bIt bfmfp zflfq
jvsk yfst rpvk zftD kfsj dbsNL jvstb. stfjde pcd sldJsq
htt, `sr zfmDvt mc'smbDb! bfmfp skf sofbfrv jfu bq. (ef skf
Hfstf jfu.)' rpvk zftD uWqfsh htstb, `sp jfu zffrv bhD
50
jsvbdb, hf jvsk {nfr slbdb, sn jfsu zffr kfzftf sjfb nWqfh

slb bf. ---hvQ zffrv bhD -v kvDjfv dhsvfdLkf jvfv jfvsB
skfmfsj zffr kfzftf jdEb zfpfsh soaIkfv jvsk ifsvb.' (mDtfsl
mcrfmflD 7ix}, mDtfl ian, zfnflcfr zft-ofdth 10ix})
mDtfl t sjfssj?
zsbsj iaw jsvb, mDtfl pdl wvDqsk bf- Kfsj, kfrst kf t
sjfssj?
nhGiaKm sl mDtfl (bhDdlhn) zfdhjfv jsvb vfsjv vdht wrsvv
zfmDv (oHbGv) mcpfIXIfvDb jCjchcvD dEj druvD nm wkfDv sofVfv
dlsj 604 (mkfsv 625) druvDsk. dmnsv nhGiaKm yftc jsv IfskmDvf;
pfslv ians hsb jfNDv hstb, (IfskmD wfnjsofD) jfsIv, Ifsnj,
ififyfv, LmGLuD, LmGslafrD, zffrv dnIfk (BfhtD) znDjfvjfvD W
ntfm znDjfvjfvD muCnD LmG-dhwfnD dYt. (zft-dhlfqfr zb-dbrfqfr'
11/346)
mDtfslv nmq kfvf dhdH Jfbjfsr ofb-hfubfv zfnv hnfk. sjfb

sjfb hYsv mcrfvGm W nIv sKsj mDtfslv zfbcfdbj smZnm v jsv
dlk. sn its[A ov-Yfot phf jsv Jfbf slWqf rk. jdh, ofqj W
mDtflifEj pcvslv nvovm dH]V usm Ek.
mDtfl its[A dmKAf jfdrbD, oi W jdhkf (bf'k-out) SkvD jvf
rk. h pcv kfv nis[ h dtsJ kfslv nrspfdokfW jsvdYstb.
nhGiaKm zfhct Jffh bfmj j ucv `zfkX-kfbhDv ID mfWdtdlt
hfwDdvb bfpDv' bfmj h dtsJ wfr mcpfIXIfsvv dJlmsk siw jvst dkdb
k]fsj j rfufv BGmcf dlsq icvxk jsvb.
mfm ncqCkD k]fv `zft-rfhD' oas sJ jsvsYb sp, mDtfslv
zfdhjfvj wfr mcpfIXIfv jlf zbcfb its[A dhvfe sHfsuv
hAhf jsvb. sn sHfu zfsqfusb dYt i]fy rfufv sHfbf hjvD, lw
51
rfufv mcvoD, jwk sOfVf, j t[ mJb hQ rfstfqfv dw rfufv

if. nCIDslvsj sn zbcfsb lfWqfk dlsq out-oDskv zbcfb yftc
rq; pf spfrv sKsj dbsq Iuv ipG yftfsbf rq. zfv sn zbcfsb
bfysb-Wqftfslv nfsK dkdb dbsuW bfsyb!
zk}iv nvjfsvv Hsq nkA iajfw jvsk tfmfslv de rst mDtfl
jde LmGDq vi LfvB jsv sbq. rpvk Ifskmfv sj bf rsqW ÌfskmD'
bfm dbsq hQ swaBDv zbcfsbv mfLAsm nfLfvB stfsjv mb tcse kfvf
vfuk jsv sosY.
zsbsj hstb sp, mDtfsl smfIf jde bhA zfdhjfv; pf zfu sKsj
iafq hfv wk hYv iCshG druvD dkDq wkfDv swNHfso wfqJ mfv dhb
mcrfmfl nhGiaKm iahkGb jsvb. pfsj wvDqskv idvHfNfq `dhlzfk'
htf rq.
jdKk zfsY sp, mfWsnstv zdLhfnD mfv dhb mcrfmfl bfdj Jch
zfswsj vnCt W zffrv ztD dYstb. dkdb vnCt-siasm jf zbcvfsov
hsw mDtfl kKf vnCt -v um-hxf zfbcfdbjHfsh zfstfybfq
hakD rb. dhJAfk nDvfsk wfmD oas jKf Djfv jvf rsqsY. (slJcb } YrDr
mfjYCsl mc'smbDb 369ix})
mDtfl jvf dj mrfbhD -v iadk Hfstfhfnfv dblwGb?

mDtfl db}nslsr sp dhlzfk, kf htf hftA. dj pdl sj hstb sp,
`bhDdlhn'-v mfLAsm bhDv mrk iajfw jvf rq. kfrst k]fsj zffr
W k]fv vnCtsj Hfstfhfnfv Lvb susb sbWqf dyk.
zffr kfzftf hstb, (sr bhD!) ht, skfmvf pdl zffrsj Hfstfhfn
ksh zfmfv zbcnvB jv, kfrst zffr skfmfslvsj Hfstfhfnshb hQ
skfmfslv zivfL [mf jvshb. zfv zffr zkA [mfwDt ivm
lqftc. (nCvf zfst mvfb 31 zfqfk)
diaq bhD hstb, skfmfslv msLA sj mcdmb rsk ifvsh bf pk[B
52
ipG bf zfdm kfv dbje kfv dikf, nfb hQ njt mfbcN zsi[f
diaqkm rsqdY. (hcJfvD)
zfqfk dhhxk jsv sp, vnCt -v zfbDk dhNsqv zbcnvB jsv
hQ dkdb mfbcsNv ubA pf hBGbf jsv sosYb sn nrDr rflDnnmCsr
sdJk k]fv zfslswv zfbcokA jsv W dbdN jmG huGb jsv, k]fv jKfv
iv zbA jfsvf jKfsj iafLfbA bf dlsq, k]fv wvDqsk sjfb iajfv sHuft
iadh bf jsv zffrv mrk W Hfstfhfnf tfH rq. zbAKf k]fv iKdbslGswv zbcofmD bf rsq hQ k]fv zfslw W zflswGv zbchkDG bf rsq
sjht efbf-efbf W HdmfiCBG jKfq (hcdtsk), out W oDdksk, dwjGD
bf'k W mboVf lvsl k]fv mrk tfH rq bf.
zfv nrDr rflDn hBGbf jsv sp, mcndtsmv mfb kk[B ipG
idviCBG rsh bf pk[B ipG bf sn vnCt -sj mb HfstfshsnsY pf kfv
dikf, nfb W nm mfbcN, mbdj dbsusj spmb Hfstfhfsn kfv sysqW
zdLj ofP W lxP rq; spmb zbA j rflDsn v dbslGw snsY. zfv
Hfstfhfnfv iaHfh kJb zdHhA rq, pJb vnCt -v zfslw W
dbsNL hQ msbv Yf W iahxd, D, nfb-ndk W kfv idvshswv nm
mfbcsNv Yf W zfjfJf iviv-dhsvfLD W dHmcJD rq. nckvfQ sn pdl
nkA W iajxk vnCt-siadmj rq ksh k]fv zfslw-iftbsj iafLfbA slq
hQ kfv dbu mb, D-idvub, sJqftJcwD W njt mfbcsNv dhsvfdLkf
jsv. zfv pdl sn jie W H siadmj rq, kfrst zffr W k]fv vnCstv
zhfLAfyvB jsv hQ kfv wqkfb W mb-iahxdv hfLA W zbcok lfn rq.
pdl zfidb sjfb mcndtmsj iaw jsvb sp, `kcdm dj skfmfv vnCtsj
Hfstfhfn? kJb yeX jsv rqskf sn zfibfsj htsh, `zhwA. zfmfv
ufb W mft k]fv ubA jcvhfb ({noG) srfj.' zk}iv pdl kfsj iaw
jsvb, `kfrst kcdm skfmfv lfdV y]fY sjb? zfv zmcj zmcj dhNsq kcdm
k]fv hfdrAj shwHCNf, ydv, kWrDl iaHxdksk k]fv zbcjvB jv bf
53
sjb?'
kJb sn hst zfibfsj v slsh, `Hfstfhfnf zsv rq. zfmfv
zv Hfstf. zftrfmlc dtfr!!'
dj zfmvf kfsj hth, `skfmfv zv pdl Hfstf rk, kfrst kfv
iaHfh W iadkjxdk skfmfv slsr idvIce rk. spsrkc zffrv vnCt
hstb, susb vfJ, slsrv msLA mb j mfQn-di zfsY, pf Hfstf rst
nfvf slr Hfstf rsh hQ kf Jfvfi rst nfvf slr Jfvfi rsh. swfb! kf
rt r{di (zv). (hcJfvD W mcndtm)
zffrv vnCt -v iadk waf W mrk mcndtsmv mfsbv idviCvj
dhNq. sjfb mcdmb kk[B ipG mcdmb rsk ifsv bf, pk[B ipG bf sn
zffrv vnCt -sj kfv pfhkDq diaq h, sbkxk-nmfb-odl, Lbnil, hfnfb, njt mfbcN, sbkf-nlGfv, zfkDq-ub, fkf-Hdo, Dic-jbAf, mfkf-dikf hQ dbsuv uDhb sKsjW zdLj HfstfshsnsY.
(hA } nCvf kfWhfr 24 zfqfk, hcJfvD 15, mcndtm 44bQ)
Hfstfhfnf hf mrk wcLc lvl ifsE hf (mboVf) mDtfl zbcfsbv

mfLAsm rq bf. hvQ mrskv ubA jf uvvD k]fv shf W
zbcnvB jvf. k]fv zflswG zflwGhfb rWqf. k]fv pfhkDq zfslwff
pKfnfLA iftb jvf hQ dbsNLff sKsj niCBGvsi dhvk Kfjf. (nCvf zfst
mvfb 31 zfqfk) k]fv umdlsb {nh jsv zfbl isHfo jsv bq; hvQ
dkdb sp ubA hf pfv ubA um dbsqdYstb, kf hvB W iftb jsv zfbl
isHfo jvf.
zffr njt mcndtmsj ndEj isK ytfv kWIDj dlb. zfmDb. (IfkfWqf
ntfdmqAfr 1/41, 93, 109, 131, mfumC IfkfWqf, wfqJ hsb NfmDb 2/298 hA)
k]fv umdlb nQf sp dk dkdb jsvsYb, kf rt zfhC jfkflfr

jkxGj hdBGk rflDn; dkdb hstb, `snfmhfv svfpf vfJfv hAfifsv bhD
dufdnk rst dkdb htstb, ef rt sn dlb, sp dlsb zfdm um tfH
54
jsvdY hQ zfmfv iv nhGiaKm jcvzfb zhkDBG rsqsY. zbA j

hBGbfq zfsY, dlsb zfdm (bhDvsi) siadvk rsqdY. (zfrmfl 5/297,
299, mcndtm 1162, zfhC lfl 2425bQ)
dj kfv mfsb bq sp, svfpf svsJ dkdb Dq umdlb iftb

jsvsYb. hvQ svfpf vfJfv jfvB hBGbf jsv dkdb zfsvf hstb, snfm W
hxridkhfv (mfbcsNv) njt zfmt (zffrv lvhfsv) siw jvf rq. kf
zfdm ef iYl jdv sp, zfmfv svfpf vfJf zhfq zfmfv zfmt (k]fv
dbje) siw jvf srfj. (dkvdmpD, nrDr kfvoDh 1027bQ)
zffrv vnCt zfsvf hstb, iaskAj snfm W hxridkhfsv (mfbcsNv)
njt zfmt (zffrv dbje) siw jvf rq. zfv ( Hq dlsb) zffr
zfpXpf zufX iaskAj sn hAdsj mfuGbf jsv slb sp sjfb djYcsj k]fv
zQwD fib jsv bf. ksh sn hAdsj [mf jsvb bf, pfv dbu Hfsqv
ndrk dhsN Kfsj; lc hAdv ubA (dIdvfv sswA) dkdb hstb,
Hsqv dmtb bf rWqf ipG Wslvsj zhjfw lfW. Hsqv dmtb bf
rWqf ipG Wslvsj zhjfw lfW. (mcndtm 2565 bQ, iamcJ)
zkh sjht 12 vhDt zfWqft bhDdlhsnv zfbl {nh jsv
bq; hvQ k]fv nck smfkfshj k]fv umdlb iaskAj snfmhfsv (hQ
zbcvi hxridkhfsv) svfpf svsJ bhD -v mrk iajfw jvsk rsh.
i[fsv mDtflsj pfvf dhlzfk hst, kfslv hcsj bhDv iadk mrk
sb - kf bq. zffrv jnm! mDtfl iVf pdl mrfbhD -v iadk
mrk iajfswv sjfb wvqD idk rk, kfrst jKfq sjfb nslr sb
sp, kfvf nhfv zfso mDtfl nhfv sysq nclv jsv ifE jvk. v yfsk
hV mrskv idvyq zfv dj rsk ifsv sp, kfvf iadk ils[si k]fv
ncfrsj zbcnvB jvfv syf jsv hQ k]fv wvDqsk bjt zbciashw jvfv
njt lcqfv h jsv? mrk dj zfnt mrk bq?
55
djqfm ian
zfmvf zfmfslv diaq bhD -v iv lvl ifE jdv. sn lvl, pf
dkdb nfrfhfsq sjvfmoBsj dwdJsq sosYb hQ ivhkGD zbcofmDoB sp
lvl k]fv iv ifE jsvsYb. dj k]fv iadk lvl ifE jvfv nmq
`djqfm' jvf (lfqmfb rWqf) nfrfhf W kfshbslv zfmt bq.
mDtflDvf msb jsv sp, mrfbhD kfslv mDtfsl idk rb. zfv
kfv mfsb rt, lcdbqfv sjfbX slsw sjfb nmsq mDtfl rsY, kf dkdb
ufbsk ifsvb hQ j nmsq dhdH ufqofq mDtfl rstW dkdb j
nmsq njt ufqofsk idk rsk ifsvb. zKGf{ dkdb ofsqh ufsbb
hQ j nmsq jfdLj ufqofq dhvfumfb rsk ifsvb. kfslv pcdsj
10 ufqofq 10de hf kfvW shwD Kftfq ifdb svsJ iaskAj Kftfq spmb
zfjfswv nCpG hf y]flsj slJf pfq, skmdb k]fv lfrvB.
dj zfmvf ufdb sp, dkdb rfdpv-bfdpv bb. (tXm nr) rfdpv W bfdpv
skf mrfb zffr. dkdb sjfb mrdIst (sjfstv iv) idk rb bf.
mdk sp spJfb sKsj lvl W nftfm ifE W siw jsv, dbdlG dIdvf
sn lvl zffrv bhDv jfsY si]ZdYsq Kfsjb.
zHAfnokHfsh mDtfslv swsN stfsjvf sE l]fdVsq pfq (djqfm jsv).
sjbbf, kfslv zsbsjv dhwfn sp, vnCt mDtfl zbcfsb (v swsN?)
idk rb. zKy mb dhwfn i ztDj. jfvB zffr kfzftf hstb,
tWy7 t 4n<) yt/ !#uu u
zKGf{, Wslv (ivstfjok hAdslv) nmcsJ icbvfb dlhn ipG

hfvpfJ (rjft W ivjfstv mfsU j phdbjf) Kfjsh. (nCvf mc'dmb 100
zfqfk) zKGf{, k]fvf dhvfumfb rsk ifvshb bf.
kfYfVf jKf sKsj hcUf pfq, mDtflDvfW ofsqh ufsb. kf bf rst
56
zffrv vnCt jJb rfdpv rsYb - kf ufbsh dj jsv? zfv mDtfslv

swsN idk rWqfv iyfsk dj sjfb pcd Kfjsk ifsv? zfv vnCt
hf ufbshb dj jsv sp, zmcj ufqofq mDtfl zbcdk rsY hQ zmcj
nmsq kf swN rsY? zffrv bhD skf ofsqh ufbskb bf. dkdb
djfstv iv dkdb hf k]fv vr skf sjfb fsb rfdpv rsk ifsv bf. zfv
dkdb mDtfslv swsN hf idk rshb sjb? i[fsv k]fv ofsqh ufbf
zKhf rfdpv-bfdpv ufbf zKhf djfstv isv hfvpfJ YfVf ruoskv
zbA sjfKfW rfdpv rWqfsk dhwfn vfJf skf dwjG W jcIXvD. (3)
i[fsv zffrv vnCt dbu uDhwfskW dbsuv ubA nfrfhfslv
lfqmfb rWqfsj iYl jvskb bf.
zfhC mfmfr hstb, jlf zffrv vnCt jde tfdEv iv Hv dlsq
zfmfslv jfsY sn idk rstb. k]fsj slsJ zfmvf sE l]fdVsq
sotfm. dkdb zfmfslvsj htstb, skfmvf l]fVfsqf bf; spmb zbfvh
(ifvsnAv) stfj kfslv hVslv kf'pDsm sE l]fVfq. (zfhC lfl 5230,
hsb mfufr 3836bQ, rflDndev nbl pqDI; dj zKG nrDr, slJcb } dntdntfr pqDIfr
346bQ, zhwA nrDr rflDsn bfmfspv dHksvv Oebf hdBGk rsqsY.)
zfbfn dhb mfstj hstb, W]slv (nfrfhfslv) dbje vnCt
zsi[f zbA sj zdLj diaq (W wasq) dYt bf. dj W]vf pJb k]fsj
slJskb kJb k]fv ubA sE l]fVfskb bf. jfvB sk kf]v
ziYlbDqkfv jKf k]fvf ufbskb. (nrDr, zfrXml W dkvdmpD)
diaq vnCt hstb, sp hAd iYl jsv sp, stfj kfv ubA lfqmfb
srfj, sn spb kfv hfnfb ufrffsm jsv sbq. (nrDr, mcnbfsl zfrml)
rflDnlq rsk hcUf pfq sp, sp hAd sjfb mudtsn iashswv nmq
(3) dkdb sp ofsqh ufbskb bf, dkdb rfdpv-bfdpv bb hQ dkdb r-uosk sh]sy sb,
sn nh jKf `kWrDl'- slJcb.
57
kfv ubA stfsjvf iakcAfb jvj jKf iYl W jfmbf jsv sn ufrffm
iashswv nmcJDb rq. nfrfhf vnCt -sj zdkwq waf jvskb W
Hfstfhfnskb. dj kf nsW k]fvf k]fsj slJst sE lfqmfb rskb
bf. jfvB k]fv ubA sE lfqmfb rWqf k]fv dbje sp ziYlbDq kf
k]fvf ufbskb.
i[fsv stfsjvf djYc nmfdbk hAdhsoGv ubA sE lfqmfb
rWqfefsj zHAfn hfdbsq dbsqsY, dhswN jsv wfqJ pJb lnG slhfv ubA
zKhf sjfb fb dpqfvskv ubA iashw jsvb, klbcvi dw[j pJb
jfnvsm iashw jsvb, kJb slJf mf Yfhxl k]fv nmfbfsKG sE
lfqmfb rq. zfv slv msLA pdl sj JfVf rsk bf- yfq, kfrst
dw[j W vv iadk kfv shzflhD W znmfb lvb kfsj dkvfv W
H{Gnbf jvf rq.
zsbsj hst Kfsj, `zfmvf wfqJ hf dw[sjv ubA lfqmfb r kf]slv
tXsmv nmfbfsKG.' dj zfmvf kfslvsj hth sp, skfmvf dj vnCt v tXm W k]fv iadk nfrfhfhsoGv zflh W nmfb ialwGsb nslr sifNB
jv? j kf nsW k]fvf skf k]fv ubA lfqmfb rbdb. iv ntfm
iakcAfb W djqfm lfvf nmfb ialwGb oBA jsvdb. nmfb skf zfbcokA,
zffiftb, nftfm (zdHhflb) W mcnfIf (jvmlGb) v mfLAsm iajfw
ifq.
zfv dhNsq jdh wWjDv jKf DjfpG bq }
`sE lfqmfb rW dw[sjv ubA
W k]fv idviCBG nmfb ialwGb jv,
jfvB dw[j iafq vnCt rWqfv jfYfjfdY!'
spsrkc jKf dhycAdkrDb vnCt -v hfBDv idviD, dpdb lfqmfb
rWqfsj ziYl jsvsYb. zfv sp hAd kf iYl jsv, sn iYl kfv
ufrffm pfhfv jfvB rsh.
58
djYc Wtfmfslv rqskf htsk wcbshb sp, vnCt -v jdh rfnXnfb

hstdYstb, diaqksmv sswA lfqmfb rWqf zfmfv ubA Ivp. skf
jKf ndEj W wc bq. (dIjGfr bfduqfr hA)
djqfsm lvslv sp wYl kf sb msb rq sp, kf `smF bX dqf.'
bhDv wfsb nftfm ifEfsk zfvhDsk `qf bhD nftfm zftfjf' htf rq
bf; htf rq, `zfnnftfmc zftfjf zfqcArfb bfdhqcA' spmb zfmvf
bfmfspv `zfkX-kfdrqAfk'- ifE jsv Kfdj. zsbsj hst Kfsjb sp,
zfnst imrfslswv jub zfstm dYstb. dpdb bfdj bhDv LAfsb
jJsbf jJsbf jibfq k]fsj spb nfmsb zfnsk slJskb. zfv kf
dkdb l]fdVsq dosq nftfm siw jvskb. zk}iv kf ivhkGDsk k]fv
Yfvf Wfslv slJfsldJ `djqfm'vi dhlzfk iaydtk jsvb. nckvfQ kf
pdl nkA rq, kfrst kf njstv ubA iftbDq dhsLq hf Hfstf zfmt dj
jsv rsk ifsv? spef imrfslsw SkvD, snef dj wvDqskv iftbDq djYc
rsk ifsv?
dhsLq W hfdk (djqfm) iakcAfb

djYc nrDr rflDn hQ nfrfhfosBv zfmt zfosjv iadk sE lfqmfb
rsk dbslGw jsv. zfncb! zfmvf sn rflDnocdtsj hcdU }1. vnCt -v jbAf Ifskmf k]fv dbje st dkdb k]fv iadk hQ dkdb
Ifskmfv dbje st dkdbW dikfv iadk sE lfqmfb rskb. spsrkc kf
rt smsrmfsbv nf[f{ W Jfdksvv sswA kfv iadk sE lfqmfb
rWqf. vnCt hstb, sp hAd zffr W ivjfst mfb vfsJ sn spb
kfv smsrmfsbv Jfdkv jsv. (hcJfvD W mcndtm)
59
dj sswA sjht smuhfb (zfiAfqbjfvD oxr) sE lfqmfb

rsh.
2. skfmvf skfmfslv nlGfsvv iadk E. (hcJfvD W mcndtm) zbA j
hBGbfq zfsY, ---hQ Wsj (nWqfvD) rsk bfmfW.
rflDsnv ieHCdmjf sp, (Jlsjv pc swsN) nf'l zfrk
dYstb. qflDslv hAfifsv dhyfv jvfv sswA vnCt k]fsj zfrCk
jsvb. kf dkdb j olGsHv ixs zfsvfrB jsv pJb k]fv dbje
si]ZYstb kJb vnCt zfbnfvsj t[A jsv htstb, skfmvf skfmfslv
nlGfsvv iadk E hQ W]sj bfmfW. nckvfQ (djYc) nfrfhf sE dosq
k]fsj olGH sKsj bfmfstb. lfqmfb zfbnfsvv nlGfv nf'l -v
nfrfpAfsKG hfbDq dYt. jfvB dkdb olGsHv ixs zfrkfhfq hsn dYstb;
pfsk (bfmsk dosq) isV bf pfb. i[fsv vnCt hQ zhdw
nfrfhfhxl sE lfqmfb rbdb.
3. hdBGk sp, nfrfhD jf'h dhb mfstj pJb mndusl iashw jvstb kJb
nfrfhfoB idh dYstb. durfsl zQw oarB bf jvfv iv k]fv kWhf
jhct rWqfv HnQhfl dbsq kftrf k]fv iadk sE Ycse si]Z]Ystb. nckvfQ
sjfb lc}dJk hAdv zsv zfbl zfbqb hQ zffrv kvI sKsj kfv
kWhf jhct rWqfv ncnQhfl lfb jvfv sswA sE lfqmfb rsq kfv
dbje pfWqf ShL dYt.
4. nIv rsk zfoj hAdv ndrk mczfbfjf (sjftfjcdt) jvfv
sswA lfqmfb rWqf ShL.
5. zfmvf t[A jsvdY sp, rflDnocdtv iaskAjdesk `skfmfslv
nlGfsvv iadk, kftrfv iadk, Ifskmfv iadk--' kAfdl w hAhrfv rsqsY
rflDnnmCr (zfosjv iadk) sE lfqmfb rWqfv ShLkf iamfB
jsv. i[fsv lfqmfb rsk dbsNLjfvD rflDndtsk `( 'kfv ubA hf
60
sswA lfqmfb rWqf) w hAhrfv rsqsY. zfv `( 'kfv iadk Ef,

zKGf{ kfv nfrfpA W JfdkvfsKG kfv dbje nkv sE pfWqf) hQ `'
(kfv ubA hf sswA Ef, zKGf{ kfv kf'pDm W nmfbfsKG fsb sE
lfqmfb rWqf)v mfsU dhvfe ifKGjA zfsY. (dIjGfr bfduqfr hA)
htf hftA sp, ShL djqfm fvf mDtfsl mboVf lvl iVfv nmq
djqfm jvf ShL iamfB jvf pfq bf.
mDtfsl iaydtk jdkiq mboVf rflDn W vijKf
1. zffr k]fv dbu bCv (suAfdkv) j mcd LfvB jsv kfv sswA
hstb, `kcdm mcrfmfl rsq pfW.
2. zffr iaKm pf nxd jsvb kf rt skfmfv bhDv bCv, sr ufshv!
3. bCsv mcrfmflD rsk zfvw-jcnGD, shsrX-slfpJ, zfnmfb-pmDb
pfhkDq nh djYc nxd.
4. zflm nxdv 70 rfufv hYv iCshG zffrifj dbu bCv sKsj
mcrfmfslv bCvsj nxd jsv zfvsw mczffq tesj vfsJb.
5. zflm nxd rsq isvv dlsj kfdjsq suAfdkmGq b[vsi
mcrfmfslv bCv zhstfjb jsv mc rb.
6. zfdm Lb-Hffv dYtfm.
7. zflm pJb de jsv hnstb kJb dkdb htstb, `sr
iadkiftj! zfdm mcrfmfslv znDtfq iafKGbf jvdY zfmfsj [mf
jsv lfW----.
8. dm'vfsuv nmq zffrifj k]fv bhDsj uckf nr zfvsw zfsvfrb
jvsk hstb, pfsk zfvswv soZvh hxd ifq!
9. mrfbhDv usmv Jhsv JcwD rsq zfct ]yc jvfv jfvsB hQ umnQhfllfD lfnD ncWqfhfsj mc jvfv jfvsB ufrffsm zfhC
tfrfshv mfsUv lcde zfct sifsV bf hQ iadk snfmhfv vnCstv
61
umdlsb ufrffsm kfv wfd mjch jvf rq.

10. mf zfsmbfv ianhjfst uffk sKsj dhdh mdvqm, zfdnqf, rfsuvf
lcdbqfq sbsm sn njstv zts[A LfDv jfu jsvb.
11. mrfbhDv um mcrCskG jf'hfv iadkmfstf mXdV sJsq isV, svfsmv
zdoiCujslv zdo liX jsv dbsH pfq. hfkfsnv odk, blD-iahfr
nfmdqjHfsh h rsq pfq.
Jfsb sjfb mhA bf jsv sjht mrfbhD -v lc'de nrDr rflDn
mvB jsv dl; dkdb hstb,
sp hAd zfmfv iadk Yfjxk dmKAf zfsvfi jvt, sn spb dbsuv
dEjfbf ufrffm hfdbsq dbt. (hcJfvD 110, mcndtm 3 bQ)
sp hAd zfmfv kvI rsk sjfb rflDn hBGbf jsv zKy sn msb msb
ufsb sp, kf dmKAf. ksh snW dmKAfhflDslv zbAkm. (nrDr mcndtsmv
HCdmjf, iaHxdk)
idvswsN hdt sp, zmcndtmslv nfsK iff dlsq LmGsj sjht

zfbcfdbjkfv msLA nDdmk W hlD jvfv mfsU sjfb mt sb. mt
zfsY ncfrv zbcnvB hQ dhlzfk huGsbv mfsU. nckvfQ mcndtm
dwqfv!
Ifdkrf slfqfplrm
IfvnD HfNfq `slfqfplrm' mfsb rt 12km. vdht zfWqft mfsnv

12 kfvDsJ vnCst jfvDm mlDbf rsk dhlfq dbsqdYstb hst mcndtm
ufrfsbv h mcntmfb dlbdesj Ìfdkrf slfqfplrm' bfsm zdHdrk
jsv dhdH zbcfsbv mfLAsm iftb jsv Kfsj. y]fl slJf rsk v jsv
jcvzfb wvDI ifE, lfb-Jqvfk, mDtfl-mfrdIt, lvl wvDI, bIt
bfmfp W ovDh-dmnjDbdlosj sHfu lfb zkDh sbjDv jfu hst oBA jsv
62
Kfsj. zfv sn nfsK kfvDsJ rfstfqf-vde sJsq zfbl jvfv jde

nchBG ncspfo oarB jsv Kfsj.
dlb rt mrfbhD -v umdlb. zfv sn ubA dlsb Wvf
`sl-mDtflcfhD'W iftb jsv Kfsj; pf dhlzfk hQ ltDt W dHdrDb
jmG. ians dhfdvk zfstfybf `bhDdlhn' dwsvfbfsm hA.
nkjGkfv dhNq sp, mrfbhD -v umdlbsj sj jsv spmb
zdkvdk jfidbj h dkrfn hBGbf jvf rq, skmdb k]fv
dksvfHfhsj sj jsvW h jfidbj zfudh dkrfn hBGbf jvf rsq
Kfsj. kfv djYc bmcbf vsqsY jdh buvstv jdhkfq }ìfkft orsv j]fsl dub, icb} m'stf dj sv nctfmfb?
hfyfsv mxoD lcL bfdr slq, dhroDvf sHfst ofb.
jctifkf pk J'sn isV, hsr v-dyvf hfqc,
LvBDv zfu swN spb zfqc, dY]sV dwvf sosY nfqc.
---swfsj mfl Ocvfq mv OcdBGv shso sYfvf,
hst zffrv zfu Yft kcst sbsh smsv sko, slso sj]fVf!
---sJflf sJflf sn dbdhGjfv,
zfu ecsesY zfnbW k]fv!
---`sJflf, dj, kh zdhyfv!--'
mb zdkvdk znmDyDb zdHspfo-Hvf jdik jKf jdhvf htsk
ifsvb. ksh jub mcndtsmv swaBDv jKf dhwfn vfJf zfslZ ShL bq.
jcf
22 vuh rpvk mfm uf'Iv nfslj (v})v WIfk dlhn. dlsb

k]fv bfsm Ifskrf dbqfp jsv icBA tfH rq hst LfvBf jsv Kfsj zsbj
mcntmfb. kf]v bfsm mfdev r]fdVsk [Dv-dmEf dbsq Ifskrf isV dhdtsq
63
slWqfsj `jcf' htf rq.

deW zbAfbA mxkcAhfdNGjDv mk jde dhlzfkD iaKf.
wsh-dm'vfu
iadk h{nv 27sw vuh dhdH slsw h mcntmfb Hd W Dibfv

nfsK `wsh-dmvfu' iftb jsv Kfsjb. k]fvf vfs hflk jsvb
(dhswN idksk 12 vfjzfk bfmfp isVb, bfmfp swsN 101 hfv lvl
wvDI ifE jsv lczf W mcbfufk jsvb) hQ ivdlb svfpf vfsJb. sj
sj HfVfdeqf ucv dlsq mDtfl iVfb, HfVfdeqf rfsIp dlsq jcvzfbJfbD
hf whDbf ifE jvfb. k]fvf zffrv nd W nWqfh zuGsbv sswA
njt hflk jsvb. dj idh jcvzfb jfvDsmv dw[f W zfmfslv diaq
bhD rpvk mcrfmfl -v dw[fv zfstfsj dhyfv jvst slJf pfq sp,
k]fslv njt jmG zspZdj W zhwA-huGbDq. dbsmv jsqjde dhNq
dhshybf jvb}iaKmk} 27sw vuh dm'vfu rsqdYt - jKf iamfdBk bq.
zfmfslv diaq bhD rpvk mcrfmfl -sj mrfb zffr dhswN mpGflf lfb
jsvb hQ j vfsk k]fsj mf wvDI sKsj shfvfsj jsv suvufstsmv

mndusl zfjnfq hQ snJfb sKsj dbsuv nfdsLA dbsq pfb. dmvfsuv
Oebf idh jcvzfsb W vfnCtcfr -v rflDsn hdBGk rsqsY. dj
sjfKfW dm'vfsuv kfvDJ htf rqdb. dm'vfu sjfb kfvDsJ nQOdek
rsqdYt jKf idh jcvzfsb hf sjfb dh rflDsn sJ jvf rqdb.
sKsj i shfUf pfq sp, kf iftb jvf skf lCsvv jKf; vfnCtcfr W
k]fv nfrfhfoB dm'vfsuv kfvDJ ufbf hf ufbfsbfv hAfifsv sjfb vk
slbdb. ivhkGD pfmfbfv dkrfdnjoB ivivdhsvfLD dhdH mk sifNB
jsvsYb. sj hstsYb, dmvfu vdht zfWqft mfsn nQOdek rsqdYt.
64
sj hstsYb, mcrfvGfm mfsn. sj hstsYb, vmpfb mfsn. zfhfv sj

hstsYb vuh mfsn. kfvDsJv hAfifsvW dhdH mksHl vsqsY. zfv sjfb
mkef ndEjvsi iamfdBk bq. mkfhfq 27sw vush dm'vfu rsqsY
hst dhwfn jvf hQ dlb hf vfksj sjfb zbcfsbv mfLAsm iftb jvf
sp sjhfsv dHdrDb kf zfmvf nrsu hcUsk ifvdY.
dkDqk} wsh-dm'vfu iftb jvf dhlzfk.
dm'vfsuv kfvDJ pdl dbdykvsi ufbf nHh rskf, kfrstW kf iftb
jvf zfmfslv ubA ufsqp rskf bf. jfvB, zfmfslv diaq bhD rpvk
mcrfmfl hf k]fv diaq nfrfhDoB sj jJsbf wsh dm'vfu iftb
jsvbdb. zfv zfmfslv jkGhA rt k]fslv zbcnvB jvf. mrfb zffr
hstb, pfvf nhGiaKm ntfm oarB jsvsY iaKm pcsov sn mcrfduv W
zfbnfv nfrfhDoB hQ pfvf kfslvsj mHfsh zbcnvB jsvsY, zffr
kfslv iadk n rsqsYb hQ kfvfW zffrv iadk n. zffr kfslv
ubA iak svsJsYb jfbbjc, pfv iflslsw hsq sosY blDnmCr. snJfsb
kfvf zbjft Kfjsh. zfv ef rt nhsysq hV nItkf. (nCvf
kfWhfr 100 zfqfk) jfsu zfmvf pdl nhsysq hV nItkf zuGb
jvsk yf, kfrst kf]slv zbcnvB jvsk rsh, k]fvf pf jsvsYb kf
jvsk rsh hQ k]fvf pf jsvbdb kf sKsj dhvk Kfjsk rsh.
sp jfu vfnCt hf k]fv nfrfhDoB jsvbdb, sn jfu LmGDq jfu drnfsh
hf nWqfh tfsHv jfmbfq jvst kfsj dhlzfk htf rq. zfv
dhlzfk uObA zbAfq. jfvB, dhlzfkD mCtk} jKf htsk yfq sp, wsh
dmvfu iftb jvf jde Hft jfu. zKy vfnCt kf zfmfslvsj hst
pfbdb. iv pdl nhf Yfmk mboVf hflk jvsk Kfsj, kfrst
dhsLqv nfsK zdhsLq jfjfv rsq pfsh hQ ntfsmv iajxk vi dhjxk
rsq pfsh. ubA vfnCt zfmfslvsj dhlzfk jvf sKsj jsEfvHfsh
65
dbsNL jsvsYb. dkdb hstsYb, zfmfslv dhNsq (Dsb) sp bkcb djYc

fhb jvsh, sp hAfifsv zfmfslv sjfb dbslGw sb, kf hfdkt hst oBA
rsh, iakAfJAfk rsh. (hcJfvD, mcndtm) dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, nhsysq
m hfBD rt zffrv hfBD. nhsysq Hft dw[f W kvDjf rt mcrfmfslv
dw[f W kvDjf. zfv nhsysq Jfvfi jmG rt bh-fdhk jmG. njt
iajfv bkcb jfu dhlzfk. zfv nhGiajfv dhlzfk mvfrD W
iKkf. (mcndtm) jfsu sjfb dhlzfksj (dhlzfsk rfnfbfr) Hft
htfv zhjfw sb.
idvswsN iaskAj mcndtsmv lfdqk rt, vfnCtcfr ncfr W dw[fv
zbcnvB jsv ytf. k]fv dw[fv dhivDk njt iajfv dhlzfksj huGb jvf
hQ zivsj isK ytsk zfrhfb jvf. (dhlzfkD ivshv sjfb
lfWqfk hf zbcfsb zQwoarB bf jvf.) jKf mrfb zffr
zfmfslvsj dwdJsqsYb. dkdb hstsYb, mrfjfstv wiK! nm mfbcN
[dkoa. ksh kfvf bq, pfvf dhwfn fib jsv, n{jmG jsv, sj
zivsj nskAv islw slq hQ sj zivsj SLspGv islw slq.
(nCvf zfnXv) mrfb zffr zbA hstsYb, bAfq, n{ W zffrHDdkv jfsu
skfmvf ivisvv nrspfdokf jv hQ ifi W zbAfq jfsu sj zisvv
nrfqkf jsvf bf. (nCvf mflfr 2 zfqfk)
rflDn wvDsI mrfbhD hstsYb, ntfm LsmGv mCt dw[f rt
zfdvjkf, drkfjfJf W n{ ivfmwG lfb jvf. nfrfhDvf iaw jvstb,
`sr zffrv vfnCt! jfslv ubA?' dkdb htstb, zffrv ubA, k]fv
vfnCstv ubA, k]fv djkfshv ubA, mcndtm sbkxhxslv ubA hQ njt
mcndtm ubnfLfvsBv ubA. (mcndtm)
(mfuffkcl lf'Wqfr26/6/1417 druvDv 1566 nQJAf, IfkfWqf ntfdmqAfr 1/93,

116, mfumC IfkfWqf wfqJ hsb NfmDb 2/297 hA)
mfsnv 27 kfvDsJ (wsh dm'vfsu) wf W dhksvv mfsU bfdj 6
66
nftfsm 12 vfjzfk bfmfp zfsY. zfv bfmfspv iv 100 hfv jstmfsq

kfmuDl (?) hQ dbdlG lczf ifE jvsk rq. dlb lfb jvsk rq.
dlsbv svfpf hQ vfskv hflk 100 hYv svfpf hQ 100 vfk
hflk jvfv nmfb nWqfh tfH rq! (mc'ufmct dhlf' 341 W 345ix})
zfibfv mcdwGlsj dufnf jvb, nshv ltDt W kfv mfb dj?
wshhvfk
hfsvf mfsn sksvf ivshv msLA druvD nsbv wf'hfb mfsnv 15 kfvDsJ
iftbDq jde dhlzfkD ivh vsqsY. iadn ivhsj `wshhvfk' htf
rq.
iaKm zmCtj LfvBf W v bfmjvB }zfvhDsk vfkdesj `tftfkcb dbndI dmb wf'hfb' (zLG wf'hfsbv
vfd) hQ `tftfkct hfvfzfr' (mcdv vfk) htf rq. dj IfvnDsk
`wh' mfsb vfd hQ `hvfk' mfsb Hfo hf HfoA. nckvfQ wshhvfk mfsb
rq HfoAvubD. msb jvf rq sp, vfsk mfbcsNv HfoA dtdih jvf rq.
mfbcsNv zfqc W vpD hxd jvf rq. nfvf hYsvv rfqfk-mWk W snZHfoAlcHGfsoAv svdufv dtJf rq. zfv ubA IfvnD-lGC-hfQtfHfNDvf v
bfm dlsqsYb `wshhvfk.'
LfvBfv iamfsB djYc ltDtW siw jvf rq spmb }mrfb zffr hstb,
#Xr& A3xm @r& . u $p z $. $) 4 >x.ut6 7's#s9 s9ur& !$)
t,# $. $) 4 !$t i
zKGf{, zfdm jcvzfbsj hjGkmq vubDsk zhkDBG jsvdY; zfdm skf
67
nkjGjfvD. vubDsk iaskAj vkiCBG dhNq dvDjxk rq - zfmfv

zfslwsm, zfdm skf vnCt siavB jsv Kfdj. (nCvf lcJfb 3-5 zfqfk)
kfshqD jvfmfr sKsj hBGbfg jvf rq sp, dkdb hstsYb, vfkde rt
wf'hfsbv 15 kfvDsJv vfk.
dj zfso-diYf bf sHsh syfJ h jsv k]fv jKf msk vfksj
HfoAvubD hst LfvBf jvf nsykb mfbcNslv dyk bq. spsrkc k]fv
dv iadkjCst vsqsY jcvzfb W ncfr kKf zfsvf zbAfbA tfmfv
d.
hsb jfNDv hstb, k]fv LfvBf nclCvhkGD. (kfInDv hsb jfNDv 4/176)
db}nslsr hjGkmq vfd rt `tftfkct jflXv' hf wshjlv. zfv
wshjlv db}nslsr vmpfsb. htf hftA, vfd wshhvfskv vfd bq;
spmb zsbsj msb jsv Kfsj hQ vfs hxKf mboVf hflk jsv Kfsj.
jfvB, jcvzfb (tfWsr mfrICp sKsj) zhkDBG rsqsY (zKhf kfv
zhkfvB v rsqsY) vmpfb mfsn. jcvzfb hst,
(( ))
zKGf{, vmpfb mfn; sp mfsn jcvzfb zhkDBG rsqsY. (nCvf hfjvfr 185 zfqfk)
zfv dkdb hstb,
(())
zKGf{, dbyq zfdm jcvzfbsj wshjlsv zhkDBG jsvdY. (nCvf jflXv 1-3)
zfv rflDn sKsj jKf dhdlk sp, wshjlv rt vmpfsb; wf'hfsb bq.
mcIfnXdnv mfm jcvkchD hstb, mk jde hfdkt mk. --- nckvfQ
sp msb jvsh sp, sp vfsk jcvzfb zhkDBG rsqsY, sn vfkde vmpfb YfVf
zbA sjfb mfsnv vfk, sn zfnst zffrv isv HDNBHfsh dmKAf zfsvfi
jsv. (kfInDv jcvkchD 16/86)
vfkdesj HfoAvubD iamfB jvfv ubA jde mcvnft (kfshqD jkxGj
68
hdBGk z) rflDn hBGbf jvf rq; pfsk htf rsqsY sp, wf'hfb sKsj
zfofmD wf'hfb ipG mckcAnmq dbLGfdvk jvf rq. mb dj sjfb stfj
dhhfr-wflD jsv hQ kfv nfb rq, zKy ( hYsv) kfv bfm mxkslv
kfdtjfHc jvf rq.
hsb jfNDv hstb, `mcvnft rflDn fvf (jcvzfb W ncfrv) i dv
dhsvfdLkf jvf pfsh bf.' (kfInDv hsb jfNDv 4/176)
klbcvi kjlDv dtJfv hAfifsv mf zfsqwf jkGxj hdBGk rflDnW nrDr
bq. (slJcb } zfthfbDv eDjf, dmwjfk 1/409)
dkDq zmCtj LfvBf } lcdbqfv zfnmfsb zffrv zhkvB
mrfb zffr wshhvfsk dbsyv zfnmfsb sbsm sn hflfsj zfrhfb

jvsk Kfsjb.
rpvk zftD rsk hdBGk, zffrv vnCt hstsYb, mLA wf'hfb st
skfmvf kfv vfdsk hflk jv hQ dlsb svfpf vfJ. sjbbf, mrfb zffr
dlsbv nCpGfsv iv lcdbqfv zfnmfsb sbsm zfsnb hQ hstb, `sj
[mf iafKGbfjfvD zfsY dj? zfdm kfsj [mf jvh. sj vpDiafKGD zfsY
dj? zfdm kfsj vpD lfb jvh. sj znc zfsY dj? zfdm kfsj nc
jvh. sjfb iafKGbfjfvD zfsY dj? zfdm kfsj (pf yfsh kf) lfb jvh.
sj mb zfsY dj? sj skmb zfsY dj?---' Hfsh Iuv ipG
htsk Kfsjb.
dj rflDnde ltDtspfoA W nrDr bq. hvQ rflDnde mfWpC' hf uft
rflDn. (slJcb } pqDI hsb mfufr 294bQ, dntdntfr pqDIfr 2132bQ, pqDIct
ufsm' 652bQ)
klbcvi dhNqj zbA rflDndtW pqDI. i[fsv nrDr rflDsn

hdBGk rsqsY iaskAj vfskv swN kxkDqfQsw mrfb zffrv bDsyv
zfnmfsb bfmfv jKf; sjht 15 wf'hfsbv vfsv jKf bq.
rpvk zfhc vfvf rsk hdBGk, zffrv vnCt hstb,
69
zffrgkfzftf iakAr vfsv swN kxkDqfQsw bDsyv zfnmfsb zhkvB

jsvb hQ hstb, sj zfmfsj Ffsj? zfdm kfv Ffsj nfVf slh. sj
zfmfv dbje iafKGbf jsv? zfdm kfsj lfb jvh. hQ sj zfmfv dbje
[mf yfq? zfdm kfsj [mf jvh. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, ncbfb zfvhfzfr, dmwjfk 1223bQ)
nckvfQ zLG wf'hfsbv vfsv sjfb ixKj ShdwA KfjsY bf. spmb dlsb
mfosvshv iv sKsj mrfb zffrv bDsyv zfnmfsb sbsm zfnfv jKfW
iamfB rsY bf. spsrkc kf dmKAf W hfbfWqfde jKf.
kxkDq zmCtj LfvBf } vsrv zfomb
wshhvfsk bfdj mxk mfbcsNv vrstf zfkDq-ubslv nfsK dmdtk
rsk ixdKhDsk sbsm zfsn. dhLhfslv fmDslv vrW bfdj vfsk Osv
sIsv. kf dhLhfvf nfu-nf jsv bfbf Jfhfv SkvD svsJ Osv zfstf
sust nfvfvfk mxk fmDv vsrv zfomsbv iakD[f jvsk Kfsj!
hAfifsv kfslv ltDt rt, nCvf tfqtfkct jflsvv dbsmv zfqfk } 9r& e. i h5u */ $p y9$#u s3n=y9$# ts?
zKGf{, vfsk iaskAj jfsuv ubA dIdvfjct hQ vr k]fslv

iadkiftsjv zfslsw zhkDBG rb. (nCvf jflv 4 zfqfk)
dj p]fvf jcvzfsbv hfQtf kuGmfW iVsk ifsvb, k]fslvW hcUsk
zncdhLf rsh bf sp, vfk rt vmpfb mfsnv wshjlsvv vfk. sp vfskv
bfsm nCvfdev bfmjvB rsqsY `nCvf tfqtfkct jflXv.' kfrst wshjlsvv
Oebfsj wshhvfsk ucsV slWqf dj mCJGfdm bq?
kfYfVf `vr' htsk mxk hAdv zfkf swA bq. kf rst skf hhyb
w `zfvWqfr' hAhrfv rk. Jfsb `vr' htsk dIdvf-nlGfv duhvDt
zKhf j swaBDv dIdvfsj hcUfsbf rsqsY. (kfInDv hsb jfNDv 4/568)
i[fsv dhdlk sp, mfbcN mvsBv iv mLA uo{ `hfvpfJ' Hfstf rst
DqADsb hQ ml rst dnDsb zhfb jsv. snJfb rsk icbvfq
70
lcdbqfv hcsj dIsv zfnfv sjfb ifq sb. ksh hxKf sjb zfsqfub W
iakD[f?
vr Osv dIvfv ztDj LfvBf svsJ Ov W jhvstfsj LCi-Lcsbf W
smfmhfdk kKf dhlcA{hfdk dlsq ncvdHk W zfstfdjk jvf rq. zfv
jfsu drlcslv slWqftDv zbcjvB jsv zfsmfl-ICdkG jvf rq.
zKhf zbcjvB rq zdoiCujslv; pfvf zfsbv kf'pDm W iCuf jsv.
htf hftA de rt, JtDIf rfvb vwDslv pcso zdoiCuj bW mcndtm
hfvfmD mDslv zfdhjxk dhlzfk. vf hflwf rfvb vwDlsj ivfmwG
dlsqdYt, jf'hf-oxsr ncoD (ylb jfE) uftfsbfv ubA. pfsk sn nchfsl
mcndtmslv mndul-nmCsr kfslv diaq mf'hCl zfb iashw jsv pfq. (slJcb
} zft-hlf' ID mfpf-dvGt hdklf' 289ix}, mc'ufmct dhlf' 300ix})
nHhk} vrslvsj fok ufbfhfv sswA Iejf-hfduv Lcm W sn

ns Sr-sfV jvf rq!
zKy zfkw hf IejfhfuD ShL bq. jfvB, zfocb dbsq sJtf zShL, sk
dhislv zfwf zsbj, kfYfVf t[-t[ efjf zfb sust icdVsq slWqf
rq. zfv sk zihAq rq zKy ijfv djYc rq bf. se stfjsj
HDk-n W dhv jsv skfst.
sJtf sjfb nmq ShL bq. ShL bq dhhfr hf slW.
zfok vrslvsj JfWqfhfv ubA rfstfqf-vdev dhvfe zfsqfub jvf
rq. zflfq jvf rq, JfWqf rq, lfb jvf rq. mWkfslv bfsm zKG zKhf
JflA lfb jvf Hfstf dudbn. dj dbdlG jsv vfsk sjb? wvDqskv
sjfb dbdlG zfmtsj zdbdlG zKhf sjfb zdbdlG zfmtsj fb, jft hf
nQJAf fvf dbdlG jvfW skf j swaBDv dhlzfk. kfYfVf mclGfv bfsm
dbsuslv lviCdkG kKf zfblsmtf rq swA.
ykcKG zmCtj LfvBf } jhv dpqfvk
wf'hfsbv 15 kfvDsJv vfsk hf dlsb zfkDqvf lstlst jhv dpqfvsk
71
Ycse pfq, mbdj smsqvfW dhdH vsM-TsM jhv dpqfvsk shv rq. zKy
dhdlk sp, dbdlG jsv slv dlb hf wshhvfskv dlb jhv dpqfvk jvf
dhlzfk. kfYfVf jhsv icifdt ziGB jvf rq. snJfsb smfmhfdk W
zfovhfdk uftfsbf rq. zfv dtW dhlzfk.
i[fsv mdrtfslv ubA jhv dpqfvk dhsLq bq. jfvB, kfslv
mdbsk SLpG W nrA wd jm. kfYfVf kfvf wvDqk-dhsvfLD jfu zdLj
jvsk ifsv dpqfvsk dosq. spmb; sy]yfsmdy W ysv jff jvsh,
ilGfrDbkfv nfsK dpqfvsk pfsh, zHAfnokHfsh jhvfb shVfsk pfsh.
(ifjG msb jsv sbsh.) snJfsb hsn Iftkc zff dlsq hfsu jKfhfkGf
htsh. kf skf diqfvf bhD zdLj jhv dpqfvkjfdvbD mdrtfslvsj
zdHnifk jsvsYb. (dkvdmpD 1056, hsb mfufr 1574bQ)
dhlzfkDvf zhwA dpqfvk dhsLq jvfv ubA hst, vfsk bhD
hfjD'sk jhv-dpqfvsk dosqdYstb. ltDt vi sJ jvf rq sp,
vfsk mf zfsqwf zffrv vnCt -sj J]cusk J]cusk dosq hfjDt ofvjfl
bfmj sofvfsb ifb. dkdb snJfsb zfsqwfsj t[A jsv hstb, dbyq
zffr kfzftf zLG wf'hfsbv vfs dbsyv zfnmfsb sbsm zfsnb hQ
jth sofsv sH]Vf-Yfostv stfm nQJAj zsi[f shwD mfbcNsj [mf jsv
slb. (zfrmfl, dkvdmpD, hsb mfufr)
dj rflDnde nrDr bq. (slJcb } dntdntfr nrDrfr 1144 bQ, pqDIct ufsm'
1761bQ, dmwjfk 1299bQ)
kfYfVf mrfbhD dhswN jsv sjht zLG wf'hfsbv vfsk dpqfvsk
spskb bf. hvQ dkdb zfsqwfv iftfv iaskAj vfsk hfjDt ofvjfslv
jhv dpqfvsk spskb. ( hAfifsv nrDr rflDn slJcb } zfrmfl 6/180, mcndtm
974, bfnf 2039, hsb drfb 3172, 4523, hfrfjD 1/656, 5/249, zfhC
qAf'tf 8/199, 249)
im zmCtj LfvBf } zfHfdhj bfmfp
72
wshhvfk zfnst wshjlsvv f vi. wshjlsvv zfnt sYsV

wshhvfskv bjt hflk dbsq mfkfmfdk jsv Hft hvfk hf HfoA tfsHv
ubA stfsj 100 vfjzfk `nftfkct zftdIqf' bfmj bfmfp isV Kfsj.
zfv iaskAj vfjzfsk 10 hfv nCvf Jtfn isV Kfsj. bfmfp mboVf
dhlzfk. (mc'ufmct dhlf' 341-342ix}) wshhvfskv bfmfp iVst bfdj 20de
rsv hQ 20 hYv jefbf hflskv nWqfh ifWqf pfq! zfv 15
kfvDsJ svfpf vfJst bfdj zoa-iyf{ 2 hYv svfpf vfJfv nWqfh ifWqf
pfq. nh jKf dmKAf W sJqftD.
ncqCkD hstb, ` bfmfspv sjfb dHd sb.' (zft-zfmXv dht-dhf'
176ix}, mc'ufmct dhlf' 342ix})
vfsk bfmfp zflfsqv iCshG bfdj sofntW jvsk rq. zfv sn sofnstv
nWqfhW vsqsY bfdj sJqftD; sofnstv iadk sI]fefv ifdbv dhdbmsq
700 vfjzfk bIt bfmfp zflfsqv nWqfh zfmt-bfmfq dtJf rsq
Kfsj!!!
vfsk hftf lCv jvf, zfqc hxd jvf hQ zHfhmc rWqfv dbqsk 6
vfjzfk dhlzfkD bfmfp iVf rq. iVf rq nCvf qfnDb nr zfsvf mboVf
lczf. (mc'ufmct dhlf' 342ix})
YfVf zfsvf jk wk sJqftD hflk W nWqfshv jKf ifWqf pfq
jfdLj hfufvD h-icsj; pfv nhstf dhlzfk hQ sn nshv jdeW
nrDr ltDt sb.
dhlzfkDslv jfsY bfmfspv vk Jch shwD. shbfmfpDvfW vfsk
bfmfp isV. zsbsj Iusvv zfso jf rsq Ocdmsq isV. Ist Iusvv
Ivp bfmfp t jsv Kfsj!
zfkv-ncvmf tfdosq vfk suso ufmfkD dpjXv kAfdl wcv rq wfsmv
ncIDslv fvf. dhswN jsv mjt, Jfstl dhb mf'lfb W tcjmfb dhb
zfsmv iamcJ kfshqDoB vfk suso hflk jvst, k]fslv slJfsldJ
73
bfmfp iVfv Lcm v rsq pfq. mlDbfv zfstmoB v iadkhfl jsvb.

(slJcb } tfkfsqIct mfzfdvI, hsb vuh)
zfbcfdbjHfsh bfmfspv dhlzfk yftc rq 448 druvDsk hfkct

mfjslsn. mCJG mfmvf mfkdv W lviCdkG jvfv ubA Oef yftc jsv.
mboVf rflDn hBGbfv mfLAsm shwD stfj umf jsv hflwfv jfsY dbsuslv
ubdiaqkf iamfB jsv. zk}iv dhlzfkD bfmfp snJfsb 352 hYv
ytsk Kfsj. isv 800 druvDsk kf h rsq pfq. (dmvjfk 2/178 mcf
zftD zft-jfvD) dj vfb-kcvfb ifv rsq sn zdoiCujslv zdomq ivh
Hfvskv slWqftD-mfjGf mcndtmslv mfsU yst t. nckvfQ kfsk nsykb
mcndtmslv sLfjf JfWqf dyk bq.
N zmCtj LfvBf } svfpf
15 wf'hfsbv dlsb svfpf vfJf rq. kfslv ltDt rt, rpvk zftD jkGxj
hdBGk rflDn; zffrv vnCt hstsYb, mLA wf'hfb st skfmvf kfv
vfdsk hflk jv hQ dlsb svfpf vfJ.--- zKy rflDn nrDr bq.
(slJcb } pqDI hsb mfufr 294bQ, dntdntfr pqDIfr 2132bQ, pqDIct ufsm'
652bQ) nrDr bq dlsb svfpf nQf sjfb rflDn.
wshhvfskv zfbcfdbjkf
htf hftA sp, zdLjfQw ift-ivsh zdLjfQw mfbcsNv swA Kfsj
djYc zfbl-zfsmfl jvf, nfLAmk Hfstf ifbfrfv jvf hQ sn nfsK
JcwDv idvshw SkvD jsv nfunfv nfsK {nh lXpfib jvf. jcvzfb
Jkm jsv hJwfsbf rq, mDtfl W smsrmfblfdvv Lcm isV pfq. Lcm isV
pfq bfvD-icvsNv zhfL dmtfdmwfv. v ubA nvjfvDHfsh dlbdesj
Ycde drnfsh sOfNBf jvf rq. slswv i-idjf W svdFW-dedHsk kfv
dhswN zbcfb W vk niayfv jvf rq. j swaBDv ucvvf dlsbv
Hcsqf IpDtk hBGbf jsv Kfsjb. zfv kfsk dhlzfkDvf sn nh dhlzfsk
74
zfsvf c W {nfdrk rq.

ufsrt dhlzfkDslv zsbsj hst Kfsj sp, dlsb hf vfsk zffrv
bhDv lflfb-mchfvj wrDl rst bvm rfstfqf hfdbsq sJsqdYstb. kf
dlsb kf hfbfsbf, JfWqf W JfWqfsbf rt nck. zKy ntfsmv dkrfsn
nhGub dhdlk sp, mrfbhD -v lflfb mchfvj wrDl rsqdYt j hfv;
slv pcs. zfv kf OsedYt wWqft mfsnv 11 kfvDsJ; wfhfb mfsn bq.
iv wWqft mfsnW kf iftb jvf dhsLq bq.
kfYfVf kfslv pdl nkAis[ ncskv iadk sjfb mrk Kfjk, kfrst
durfsl l]fk sHs rfstfqf sJk, Osv hsn zfbslv nfsK bq. zfv mrfbhD
-v ncfrv zbcnvB jsv wshhvfk nr njt iajfv ncfr-dhsvfLD
zfyvB W ivh huGb jvk.
nslr W kfv uhfh
dhlzfskv jKf htsk sost dhlzfkDvf hst, wshhvfskv jfustf
skf Hft? jvst [dk dj? Hfstf jfsu hfLf slb sjb?
dj susb vfJf dyk sp, jfu Hfstf rst sp sjfb nmq kf jvf pfsh,
kf bq. jcvzfb iVf Hfstf jfu, dj spJfsb-snJfsb pJb-kJb iVf
zhwA Hfstf bq. dnulfq jcvzfb iVf ShL bq. nCvf `jct Wqff
zfrfl' Hfstf nCvf. 3hfv iVst 1hfv jcvzfb Jkm jvfv nmfb nWqfh
tfH rq. kf hst kf ifE jsv mcvoD phf jvf rsh bf. hflk dbsuv
Yfmk bq; hvQ kvDjfsq mcrfmflD mk bf rst kf oarBspfoA bq.
mrfbhD hstb, sp hAd zfmfslv (Db) hAfifsv bkcb djYc fhb
jvsh pf kfv ipGfqHc bq, kf iakAfJAfk. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk
140bQ) sp hAd mb zfmt jsv, pfsk zfmfslv sjfb dbslGw sb, kf
iakAfJAfk. (mcndtm 1718bQ) zfv bhvdyk jmGnmCr sKsj lCsv sKsjf.
jfvB, bhvdyk jmG rt dhlzfk hQ iaskAj dhlzfk kf. (mcnbfsl
75
zfrml, zfhc lfl, dkvdmpD, hsb mfufr, dmwjfk165bQ) zfv iaskAj

kf rt ufrffsm. (nrDr bfnf 1487bQ)
zsbsj hst, smsb dbtfm wshhvfk W kfv njt zfmt dhlzfk. dj
spsrkc kfsk hflkok mt vsqsY, snsrkc kfsj dhlzfsk rfnfbfr
htf yst. zkh dhlzfsk rfnfbfr jvst [dk dj?
dj susb vfJf Hfstf sp, rfnfbfr (hf {jx) hst sjfb dhlzfk sb.
dhlzfskv nhef dbjx. spsrkc mrfbhD hstb, jcc dhlzfdkb
pftftfr, zKGf{ iaskAj dhlzfk kf. spmb Hfstf ifqJfbf hst
sjfb ifqJfbf sb. ifqJfbfsk zfkv tfdosq o lCv jvsk ifvstW
kfv zidhkf sjfKfq pfsh?
zsbsj hst, Ifpfsqst zfmfst skf pqDI rflDn hAhrfv jvf yst?
ksh kf dHd jsv wshhvfk iftb jvst [dk dj?
zfmvf hth sp, spsrkc pqDI rflDn vnCt -v ndEj d bfW rsk
ifsv, kf pqDI rflDnsj dHd jsv sjfb zfmt dn bq. zhwA zsbsj
Ìfpfsqst zf'mfst' pqDI rflDn hAhrfv jvsk zbcmdk dlsqsYb.
zKGf{ mb zfmstv IpDtk hBGbfq, sp zfmt nrDr ltDt fvf iamfdBk
rsqsY. zf'mftct Ifpfsqst (zKGf{ mb zfmt pfv IpDtk zfsY sn
zfmt jvsk) bq.
lfrvBvi, yfsv bfmfp nrDr rflDn fvf iamfdBk. (mcndtm 719bQ)
kfv IpDtk ians j rflDsn htf rq, sp hAd bfmfp iVsh, kfv
sofbfr nmcslav sIbfv nmfb rstW mfI jvf rsh. (zfhC lfl 1287,
dkvdmpD 476, hsb mfufr 1382bQ) zbA rflDsn htf rq, sp dbqdmk 12
vfjzfk zflfq jvsh kfv ubA zffr ifj uffsk j snfbfv mrt
SkvD jsv slshb. (dkvdmpD 473, hsb mfufr 1380bQ) dj lcde rflDn
pqDI. W]slv msk yfsv bfmfspv IpDtsk rflDn lcdesj hBGbf jvf
pfsh.
76
iv v isvW W]slv dbje dkbde wkG vsqsY}iaKmk} rflDnde spb oVf hf uft bf rq. zKhf Jch shwD lchGt bf rq.
dkDqk} zfmtjfvDv spb ufbf Kfsj sp, sp rflDsnv dHdsk sn zfmt
(IpDtk hBGbf W dhhfn) jvsY kf pqDI hf lchGt.
kxkDqk} kf spb (hAfijHfsh) iayfv bf jvf rq.
wshhvfskv s[s sn nh wkG ifWqf pfq bf. wshhvfskv zfmt nQf
nm rflDn uft zKhf Jch lchGt. kfYfVf kf hAfijHfsh iayfdvk hQ
kfv mCt dHdW sjfb nrDr rflDsn ifWqf pfq bf.
iv rflDn hAhrfsvv hAfifsv zfrjfm W Ifpfsqstv mfsU sjfb
ifKGjA sb . jfvB, Hq wvDqk. kf ndEj sp, pqDI rflDnsj
dHd jsv sjfb iajfsvv zfmt dn bq. nrDr (W rfnfb) rflDsn pf
hdBGk rsqsY kf zfmstv ubA psK.
zsbsj htsk ifsv, k rflDn pJb hdBGk zfsY, kJb kfv dbyq
sjfb dHd zfsY.
dj zfyspGv hAfifv sp, k hV vkiCBG hflskv vfk rWqf
nsW kf sjfb nrDr nCs nrDr rflDsn hdBGk rt bf sjb? zfv kfv
mfsb rt v sjfb hcdbqfl sb.
vfskv hAfifsv specjc nrDr htf rsqsY, snecjc rt jlt nfrfhf
jkGxj hdBGk rflDn; pfsk zffrv vnCt hstb, mrfb zffr zLG
wf'hfsbv vfs (sbsm sn) dbu nxdv iadk lxd dIdvsq mcwdvj W
dhsNsifNBjfvD YfVf kfslv njtsj [mf jsv slb. (dntdntfr nrDrfr
1144bQ) dj kfsk sjfb hflk hf zbcfb jvfv jKf iamfB rq bf.
htf rq sp, wshhvfskv dlsb mfsr vmpfsbv dnqfm iftsbv dhLfb bfdpt
rq. jKfde nrDr ltDt nfsi[A. wfqJ nfsqAl nfshsjv sJ
zbcpfqD sn dhLfb bfdpt rq nb 2 druvDv wf'hfb mfsnv 2q kfvDJ
snfmhfsv. (dIjnX ncfr 1/383 })
77
klbcvi dlsb djhtf idvhkGb (?) hf zfsvf zbA djYc mfrfkAiCBG

jmG nQOdek rWqf nkA rstW dlbsj wshhvfk hf zbA sjfb bfm dlsq
mpGflfni dlbvsi iftb jvfv spZdjkf dj Kfjsk ifsv?
wshhvfk W kfv hflk nisjG hV hV tfmfsq
djvfsmv mhA }zfhC hfjXv kcvkCwD (v}) (zft-rfWqfdlN oas) hstb, `hsb zpXpfr
pfql dhb zfntfm sKsj hBGbf jsv hstb, zfmvf sldJdb sp, zfmfslv
sjfbW wfqJ W IjDr zLG wf'hfsbv iadk s[i jsvsYb zKhf
mfjrCstv rflDsnv iadk lxjXifk jsvsYb. zfv k]fvf msb jvskb bf sp,
zbAfbA vfskv iv (wshhvfskv) vfskv sjfb swak (hf IpDtk)
zfsY.'
rfsIp vfjD (v}) hstb, `zLG wf'hfsbv vfskv bfmfspv rflDn zffrv
vnCt -v iadk zfsvfdik dmKAf.'
mfm bfWqfhD (v}) k]fv iadn oa `zft-mfumC'sk hstb, `vuh
mfsnv iaKm ucmzfq mfosvh W wfv mfsU 12 vfjzfk `nftfkcv
vfofsqh' bfsm iadn bfmfp hQ zLG wf'hfsbv vfsk iaydtk 100
vfjzfk bfmfp; Hq bfmfp lc'de uObAkm dhlzfk. sj spb `jCkct
jctCh' W `rqf tCdmDb' oasq Hq bfmfspv sJ slsJ hQ
kfsk sdJk rflDn slsJ sLfjf bf Jfq. jfvB, kfv iaskAjef hfdkt.
zfv sn njt tfmfv jKfqW spb sj sLfjf bf Jfq, p]fslv dbje
bfmfpsqv dhLfb zi Kfjfq kf mcfrfh hst jfdLj ixf (kfv
nmKGsb) dtdih jsvsYb. zhwA k]fvf dhNsq fdsk zfsYb.'
hbct mctfjfrsj htf rsqdYt sp, dpqfl bcmfvD hstb, `zLG wf'hfsbv
vfsv hflk hQ wshjlsvv hflskv nWqfh j nmfb.' jKf sb
hbct mctfjfr hstdYstb, `zfdm pdl kfv mcJ sKsj jKf htsk
78
bkfm hQ zfmfv rfsk tfdE Kfjk, kfrst zfdm kfsj kf dlsq iarfv
jvkfm.' (zfkX-kfrpDv dmbft dhlf', hsb hfp)
wfqJct ntfm hsb kfdmqf (v}) hstb, `---i[fsv jjHfsh zLG
wf'hfsbv dlsb svfpf vfJfv sjfb dHd sb. hvQ jjHfsh dlsb svfpf
vfJf mjvr. zbcviHfsh dlbsj mb smZnm ({nh) oBA jvfW
mjvr; pfsk bfbf vjm JflAnfmoaD SkvD jvf rsh hQ kfv ubA
nfunf jvf rsh. rt sn bh zfdhjxk (dhlzfkD) smZnm
({nh)nmCsrv jde, pfv sjfb dHd (wvDqsk) sb.--' (jdkpfn
dnvfdkt mcfjDm 302-303ix})
nlD zfvshv iaqfk iaLfb mcIkD hsb hfp (v}) hstsYb, ìCshG
ddJk zfqfk W rflDn hQ zfrst tsmv d sKsj nkAfbcnfbD
hAdv jfsY i rsq Esh sp, zLG wf'hfsbv vfdsj bfmfp hf zbA sjfb
hflk fvf iftb jvf hQ kfv dlsb dbdlG jsv svfpf vfJf zdLjfQw
tfmfv dbje uObAkm dhlzfk. idh wvDqsk kfv sjfb dHd sb.
hvQ kf nfrfhf osBv pcsov iv ntfsm bhvsi iajfw tfH jsvsY.'
(zfkX-kfrpDv dmbft dhlf', hsb hfp)
wfqJ hsb NfmDb (v}) hstb, `---zLG wf'hfsbv vfdsk zfbl{nh jvfv sjfb dHd wvDqsk sb. kf jvsk stfjsj dbsNL jvf
jkGhA. sn its[A jfsj lfWqfk slWqf rst, sn spb ({nsh)
idk bf rq.' (mfumC IfkfWqf 2/296-297)
79
w
wff''hhffbb mmffssnnvv z
zddLLj
jffQQw
w ddllssbbvv ssvvffppff
zffrv vnCt wf'hfb mfsnv zdLjfQw dlbdtsk svfpf vfJskb. mf
zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `zfdm zffrv vnCt -sj vmpfb YfVf zbA sjfb
mfn niCBG svfpf vfJsk sldJ db. zfv wf'hfb mfn YfVf zbA sjfb mfsnv
zdLjfQw dlbdtsk k]fsj svfpf vfJsk sldJ db.' (zfrmfl, hcJfvD 1969,
mcndtm 1156bQ, dkvdmpD, hsb mfufr)
rpvk nfmfr dhb pfql jkxGj hdBGk, dkdb hstb, `jlf zfdm
httfm, sr zffrv vnCt! zfibfsj wf'hfb mfsn pk svfpf vfJsk sldJ

kk zbA sjfb mfsn skf vfJsk sldJ bf, (v vrnA dj)?' sv dkdb
htstb, ef skf sn mfn, sp mfn ns mfbcN lfnDb, pf rt vuh W
vmpfsbv mfsU. zfv ef skf sn mfn; pfsk dhw ufrfsbv iadkiftsjv
dbje zfmtnmCr siw jvf rq. kf zfdm iYl jdv sp, zfmfv svfpf
vfJf zhfq zfmfv zfmt (zffrv dbje) siw jvf srfj. (bfnf, nrDr
kfvoDh 1008bQ, kfmfmct dmfr 412ix})
mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `zffrv vnCt -v dbje svfpf vfJfv ubA

iYlbDq mfn dYt wf'hfb. dkdb sn mfsnv svfpfsj vmpfsbv nfsK dmdtk
jvskb.' (nrDr zfhC lfl 2124bQ)
Jfsb k]fv wf'hfsbv zdLjfQw dlbdtsk svfpf hQ mfsnv svfpfv
nfsK vmpfsbv svfpfsj dmdtk jvfv rflDsnv nfsK vmpfsbv 2/1 dlb
zfso svfpf vfJsk dbsNLjfvD rflDsnv (hcJfvD 1914, mcndtm 1082bQ) zKhf
kfv jxis[v dlbdtsk svfpf vfJsk dbsNLjfvD rflDsnv (nrDr zfhC
lfl 2049, nrDr dkvdmpD 590bQ) sjfb nQONG hf iviv-dhsvfdLkf sb.
sjbbf, Hq swaBDv rflDsnv mfsU nmhq nfLb nHh. zfv kf Hfsh
sp, dlbdtsk svfpf vfJf dbdN; pdl zHAfnokHfsh sjfb svfpf bf
isV kfrst. i[fsv zHAfnokHfsh dlbdtsk svfpf iVst vfJf
80
ShL. zfv snef dYt mrfbhD -v zfmt. (zfrjfmcn nfWdm zt-'dkjfI

174ix}) zKGf{, dkdb zHAfnokHfsh dlbdtsk svfpf vfJskb.
Jdkqfv jsv bq. spmb iaskAj mfsnv (13-14-15) wcjis[v swN 3
dlb pfvf svfpf vfJsk zHAfnD kfslv ubA wf'hfsbv 15 kfvDsJ kxkDq
svfpf vfJf slfNfhr bq.
zbA dlsj mfsnv 15 kfvDsJv svfpf vfJf hQ kfsk ixKj sjfb
ShdwA hf mfrfkA zfsY msb jvf dhlzfk; spmb jKf iCshGW zfstfdyk
rsqsY. sjbbf, hAfifsv hdBGk sjfb rflDn nrDr bq.
wshjlsvv dhswN bfmfp
dhswN jsv 27swv vfd ufovB jsv ufmfzfkD dpjXv jvf, bfbf vjsmv
ifbfrfv nfmoaD SkvD hf q jsv ifb-sHfub jvf, dmd dhkvB jvf W
(mfsj zfm) Wqfp-mfrdIt jvf dhlzfk. (mfuffkcl lf'Wqfr 1674/14
vmpfb 1419dr})
iaskAj wshjlsvv nfvf vfd ufovB jsv hflk jvsk rq, bfmfp
iVsk rq. dj sjht 27 kfvDsJv vfsk kfvfhDrv iv Jfn wshjlsvv
bfmfp isV dhlzfkDvf. kfsk kfvf iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf jflXv k k
hfv hQ nCvf Jtfn k k hfv isV Kfsj. wvDqsk pfv sjfb ltDt W
dHd sb. (mc'ufmct dhlf' 345ix})
ucmzfkct dhlf'
vmpfsbv swN ucmzfr (dhlfqD ucmzfr) dhswN Dibfv nfsK iftb

jvfv dHd wvDqsk sb. zkh kf sp jde dhlzfk, sn jKf zbcsmq.
81
lct dIkXv
nisjG `vmpfsbv Ifpfsqt W svfpfv mfnfsqt' hA.
lct zfprf
nisjG `pct-rsv sksvf dlb' hA.
oHGfbcfb
mdrtf pJb pfdykHfsh iaKm hfsvv mk oHG rq, kJb hfdVv stfsjvf
dhswN jsv mfsqv hfdVv stfsjvf sb Jch JcwD rq. zfhfv nfb pdl h
yfWqf W h dydj{nfv iv rq, kfrst zfsvf zfbl zfsvf nkjGkf Kfsj
sn z}nf mdrtfsj sj jsv.
sj hst, nAfshtfq Ov sKsj shv rWqf mfbf. sj hst, h]fUf smsqv
jfY sO]nst nfsbv [dk rsh. sj hst, zmcj ufqofv Lcstf hAhrfv
jv. sj hst, zmcsjv jfY sKsj kfhDp dbsq hAhrfv jv. sj hst, nCpG
hf yoarsBv nmq Osvv dHkv sq Kfjsk rsh. nmq jfiV dbyVf
rsh bf, djYc jfef pfsh bf. zfsvf jk dhlzfkD jKf hst W jfu jsv
dhlzfkD Osvv smsqvf.
oHGhkDsj osHGv im mfsn i]fyHfuf JfWqfsbfv {nh iftb jsv
zsbsj. spmb nm mfsn iftb jvf rq nfk vjm kvjfvD dlsq
`nfkHfk' JfWqfsbfv zbcfb. nmq irfv sbWqf-slWqf dbsqW
msbfmfdtbA Ose dhqf hfdVv nfsK. spmb `sifk', kfv nfmoaD W idvmfB
dbsq bfbf obf-H{Gnbf kKf jtr hfLsk slJf pfq h nQnfsv.
dt slwfyfv, D-zfyfv hf stfjfyfsvv bfsm jvf rstW kfsk vsqsY
jcnQfv W jciaKf hQ dhufdkv nfLH[B (odHGBDv ixrfbcpfqD JflAfdl
82
sHfusbf{nh)v zbcjvB. zfv kfv nfsK vsqsY nfmfduj zijfvW.

zkh dhufdkv zbcjvB bf jsv mcndtmslvsj swaBDv jciaKf huGb
jsv jcnQfvmc mcndtm rsk rsh. ksh ifsh r-ivjfst wfdv
vfuA.
lc'jcdV dlb
(idhkfv ianCdk-zfyfv)
ianshv 2/1 dlb iChG sKsj hf ianshv iv sKsj tfofkfv [vBDq
Jcbsj dbIfsnv Jcb hst. Jcb nhGfdLj 40 dlb Uvsk Kfsj hQ ef
kfv nhGswN nmq. nckvfQ 40 dlb iv Jcb slJf dlstW mdrtf sofnt jsv
bfmfp-svfpf jvsh. zhwA 40 dlsbv mfKfq pdl ianCdkv mfdnj zfnfv
nmq rq hQ Jcb jefbf sKsj pfq ksh kfv zHAfnmk mfdnjjftW
zsi[f jsv kfv iv sofnt jvsh.
40 dlb iCshG Jcb h rstW sofnt snsv bfmfp-svfpf jvsk rsh.
fmD nrhfnW ShL rsh. dj 2/5 dlb h rsq icbvfq (40 dlsbv iCshG)
Jcb st bfmfp-svfpf kAfdl h jvsh hQ isv pJb h rsh zKhf 40
dlb iCBG rst sofnt jsv ifj rsq pfsh. mfsUv dlsbv bfmfp-svfpf wc
rsq pfsh hQ fmD nsmvW ifi rsh bf.
rt ianshv iv idhkfv dhLfb. htf hftA, 40km dlbsj
idhkfv ubA dbdlG jvf hQ sn dlsb sofntfdl jsv ifj-idhf
rWqf kKf zfso Jcb h rstW sofnt jsv ifj bf rWqf dhvfe Hct.
mdrtfslv jxk dhswN zfyfsvv dlbsj `lc'jcdV dlb' hst. pdlW
dbqdmk sofnt jvf hQ zidh jfiV idh jvf YfVf zfv zbA sjfb
D-zfyfv dlsb sb, khcW dhdH zfyfv dhdH tfjfq dhdHHfsh
iaydtk slJf pfq. spmb dlsb hfdVv stfsjv njstv jfiV sLfqf,
83
dwsj sjfst svsJ mfsqv 5 Lvsbv Jfhfv JfWqf; pfsk sYst siecj bf
rq, z]fkcV-Ovsj sj jsv bfbf zfyfv kAfdl.
mdrtfslv dyk, ntfmD nrDr dw[fv iv zfmt jvf hQ mboVf
vdyk njt zfyfv-zfyvB huGb jvf. zdHHfhjslv dyk, kfslvsj
ndEj dw[f slWqf hQ slwfyfv msb jsv kfslv jxk dhlzfk W
jcnQfsv yci bf Kfjf.
mcsJ Hfk
ziafwsbv zbcjvsB h bfmLfvD mcndtm idvhfvW dbsuslv sYstsmsqslv mcsJ iaKm Hfk slWqfv ubA zbcfb jsv Kfsj. zfsqfub Kfsj
bfbf Jfb-ifsbv. dbdlG zfyfv iftb jsv idk njst sj sj
dwv mcsJ iaKm Hfk kcst slq hQ sn nfsK irfv siw jsv Kfsj.
irfv sYfe hf jm lfsmv rst lfkfv nmfstfybf jvf rq.
zhnsv zsbsj iaydtk mDtflW idVsq Kfsj.
nsykb mcndtm mf hcUsk ifvshb sp, de dhufdkv zbcjvsB jde
uObA dhlzfk.
zfjDjf
hAfifsv `dw-iadkiftb' hA.
umdlb
dwwcv umdlb (rAfdi hfKG sF') iftb jvf hQ sn dlsb zfkDq-hc

umfsqk rsq sjfb {nh W zbcfb nr JcwD lXpfib jvf, sndlsb dw
(hf hcsVf)sj dhswN lczf, nftfm hf irfv siw jvf, hqn zbcnfsv hYv
84
bdk jsv smfmhfdk ufdtsq kf I]c dlsq dbHfsbf zk}iv sjj sjse
JfWqf iaHxdk dhLmGDq iaKf; mcndtmslv ubA kf ShL bq. ShL bq
its[A ifWqf lfWqfsk zQwoarB jvf. ShL bq sn its[A dwsj
lczf, mchfvjhfl W irfv slWqf. spsrkc hflskv mk sp sjfbW l
wvDqskv ltDt-nfsi[. (IfkfWqf ntfdmqAfr 1/87, 115, mfumC IfkfWqf
hsb NfmDb 2/302)
db}nslsr de jde nck; qflD W Jxfbslv nck. ntfm W bhDv

nck huGb jsv dhufdkv nck zhtb jvf mcntmfbslv ubA hV
dLfv W bAffvubj.
diaq bhD nkA hstsYb, zhwA skfmvf skfmfslv iChGhkGD ufdkv
nck zbcnvB jvsh dhOk-dhOk hQ rfk-rfk (nm) idvmfB. mbdj
kfvf pdl sof-nfsiv (nff)v oskG iashw jsv, kfrst skfmvfW kfslv
diYsb diYsb pfsh. (hQ kfslv sj pdl vffv iv iajfswA nm
jsv, kfrst skfmvfW kf jvsh!) nfrfhfoB htstb, `sr zffrv
vnCt! zfidb dj qfl W bfnfvfv zbcjvB jvfv jKf htsYb?' dkdb
htstb, ksh zfhfv jfv? (hcJfvD, mcndtm 2669, rfsjm, zfrmfl, nrDt
ufsm' 5067 bQ)
dkdb hstb, sp hAd sp ufdkv zfbcviA zhtb jsv, sn hAd sn

ufdkv ltHc. (zfrmfl 2/50, zfhC lfl 4031, nrDt ufsm' 6025 bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, sn hAd zfmfv ltHc bq, sp hAd zfmfslvsj
sYsV zbA jfsvf nflxwA zhtb jsv. skfmvf qflDslv nflxwA
zhtb jsvf bf, zfv JaDfbslvW nflxwA zhtb jsvf bf. (dkvdmpD
2695bQ, kfhfvfbD, dntdntfr nrDrfr 2194bQ)
kfYfVf umdlsb JcwD W {nh jvf sbrfk shfjfmD. uDhb sKsj

jde hYv Usv sost kfv ubA zfs[i W lc}J jvf dyk, JcwD bq.
stZdjjkfv nfsK irfv-nfmoaDv zfwf. zfwf H rst bfbf
85
nmfstfybf.
klbcvi ShL bq hV hV hAdskv umhfdNGjD zKhf mxkcAhfdNGjD iftb
jvf. iaKmk} zfmfslv wvDqsk kf iftb jvfv dhLfb sb. ntfsm jk
t[ t[ zfdqf, nfrfhD, kfshqD, kfsh'-kfshqDb, zfdqmf, mcrfsnDb,
mcIfnXsnvDb, zfWdtqf, wfqJct ntfm, wfqJct rflDn, vfuf-hflwf W
jdh-nfdrdkAjslv um-mxkcA OsesY. Sj k]fslv jfsvf um zKhf mxkcA
dlhn iftb jvf rqdb ntIslv pcso.
zfv dkDqk} kf iftb jvsk rst iafq iakAr jfsvf bf jfsvf umdlb
iftb jsv zfbl zKhf jfsvf bf jfsvf mxkcAdlb iftb jsv swfj zKhf
j dlsb zfbl W swfj hQ rfdn W jff Hq iajfw jvsk rsh.
zfv sn nfsK hYsvv iafq njt dlbdtsk nvjfvD Ycde sOfNBf jsv jfu
h jsv nmfusj icskv dlsj sEst slWqf rsh.
zkh mrfb hAdhsoGv mrfb ydv W jmGfhtD dbsq zfmvf k]fslvsj
mvB jvh. uDhsbv njt s[s k]fslv mrfb nxdk zfmfslv rlsq
ufodvk vfJh zfmfslv ydv W jsmGv mfLAsm. zfv k]fslv nxdksj
sjht zfbcfdbjkfv shVfufst udVsq vfJh bf. nQji rWqf
dyk iaskAjde jmGdiaq J]fde mcndtsmv.
mvf hfdVv sHfu
mvf-hfdVv kvI rsk nfLfvBHfsh oafm W zfkDq-ubsj (ztDmfv

mk) lfWqfk slWqf hQ zfkDqslv sn lfWqfk oarB jvf dhsLq bq.
hvQ kf hV dhlzfk. (mc'ufmct dhlf 163ix}) dhsLq rt sjfb zfkDq zKhf
iadkshwDv hfdV sKsj mVf-hfdVv stfsjslv ubA sie Hvfv mk Jfbfdibf iak jsv ifEfsbf.
zfcfr dhb uf'Iv hstb, uf'Iv wrDl rWqfv iv pJb k]fv sn
86
Jhv si]ZYt, kJb bhD htstb, uf'Isvv idvusbv ubA skfmvf

Jfbf iak jv. jfvB, Wslv dbje mb Jhv si]ZsYsY; pf Wslvsj
dhsHfv jsv vfJsh. (zfhC lfl 3132bQ, dkvdmpD 998bQ, hsb mfufr
1610bQiamcJ, nrDr zfhC lfl 1586bQ)
nfrfhD ufvDv dhb zfcfr hfuftD hstb, `lfIsbv iv mVf hfdVsk

Jfbf W sHfsuv zfsqfubsj hQ stfjslv umfsqksj zfmvf
ufsrdtqfskv mfkm drnfsh oBA jvkfm. (pf ntfsm rfvfm.) (zfrmfl
6905bQ, hsb mfufr 1612bQ, nrDr hsb mfufr 1308bQ)
dj sp nmfsu sn nrfbcHcdk W nrfqkf sb, snJfsb dj rsh? hlbfm

sbWqf Hfstf rsh, bfdj ufsrdtqfdk jmG?
i[fsv Jfhfsvv hAhf bf rst dbsuslv kKf lCvhkDG smsrmfbslv (pfslv
sndlb hfdV dIvf znHh kfslv) ubA skf bfyfsv FftHfk jvsk rsh.
dj s[s ncbfsmv stfsH k}ICkGHfsh mfY-mfQsnv sHfuhfdusk
zfkDq ub, ufbfpfv jmDG (?!) mflafnfv efI W Yfhxl (!) ifVfiadkshwD hQ jJsbf hf sofef oafmsj nflsv dbmB jvf rq W kf ivmfbsl
JfWqfW rq, kKf djYcsk jec thB jm rst lcbGfm jvskW jncv rq bf.
mb sHfuhfdu sp ufsrdtqfk sKsjW dbjxkv kfsk jfsvf nslr Kfjsk
ifsv dj?
mcnbfsl zfrmfslv (5/293) j rflDsn zfsY sp, jlf mrfbhD W
k]fv nfrfhfhoG j ufbfpfv jfu snsv dIsv st jcvfswv j mdrtf
k]fslvsj jde Yfot phf jsv lfWqfk dlsqdYstb. dj Oebfv nfsK
mvf hfdVsk sHfu jvfv hf JfWqfv sjfb nijG sb. spsrkc sn mdrtf
mxkhAdv sj dYt bf. hvQ nmq lfWqfk rsqdYt hst rflDsn kfv
sJ snsY. nckvfQ rflDn sKsj sieiCufvDslv ltDt oarB jvf hf
jifk JfWqfv ubA rflDnsj ltDt vi siw jvf nkA rfnAjv.
87
mxkcA-hfdNGjD
sj mfvf sost k]fv hAdk pk hV srfj, k]fv mvsB iaskAj hYv
k]fv mxkcA-kfvDsJ sjfb mvB-nHf, swfj-dlhn, lczf-mudtn, mDtflmfrdIt, nfst-nWqfh, vn-{nh, mxkcA-hfdNGjD, sHfu-zfsqfub
kAfdl dhlzfk.
nfst nWqfh jvsk rst wvDqk-nmk ifsk jvsk rsh. bsy{
nWqfh nft rsh bf.
jfsvf mvB kfuf jvsk rst kfsk tfH-sbfjnfb Jdksq slJsk rsh
hQ wvDqskv zbcsmflb Kfjsk rsh. bsy{ drsk dhivDk rst It dj?
mxkcA-hfdNGjD iftb jvf ShL rst zffrv vnCt -v mxkcA kfvDsJ kf
iftb jvf dhsLq rk hQ dkdb sJfl nfrfhf -sj dhNsq sjfb bf
sjfb dbslGw hf dk dlsq spskb. i[fsv zfmvf pdl hcpcoGslv um W
mxkcA-hfdNGjD iftb jdv, kfrst hYsvv iafq iaskAjde dlb j jde
ivsh idvBk rsq pfsh. zfv hkGmfb iaKfq kf iftb jvsk jvsk iafq
iaskAj dlb rfstfqf-vde, mDtfl-mfrdIt, swfj zKhf zfbl, Ycde W
h dbsq hA rsq iVh. kfrs kf dj zfmfslv ubA jtAfBjv rsh?
zfmfslv sj mvBDq dhNq mvB jvsk rsh. hvBDq hAdhsoGv jvBDq
zfmfslv mvBDq dhNq rst hQ kf zfmfslvW jvBDq jkGhA rst
ksh zfmvf nItjfm rsk ifvh. bsy{ k]fslv bfsm dnD-dmEf dhkvB
jsv, LCi-smfmhfdk sust, Ict ydVsq, mDtfl-mfrdIt hf zbA sjfb
zbcfb iftb jsv zfmfslv sbfjnfb YfVf sjfb tfH rsh bf.
88
yfrfvm
mxkhAdv sp fsb lm pfq sn fsb jsqjdlb Lsv vr sOfvfdIvf hf

pfkfqfk jsv mb LfvBf f W dhlzfk. dj sn ztDj LfvBf msk
sn fsb jsqjdlb pfh{ tfkf slWqf, hfdk uftfsbf, LCiLcsbf slWqf hQ
mxkcAv ykcKG dlsb zKhf zfofdiYf sjfb dlsb Oef jsv pcv sFsj mDtfl
isV sof-Hfk hf dmd-dmEf dhkvB jsv vr kfVfsbfv hAhf jvf rq
zsbj hfdVsk. zfyfv W zbcfb `yfrfvm' bfsm idvdyk.
dhlzfskv nQfKG pfvf ufsbb, k]fvf ufsbb sp, zbcfbW dhlzfk.
spsrkc de zmCtj LfvBfhwk} jxk mb jde zfyfv, pfv sjfb iajfv
nmKGb wvDqsk dmst bf.
yftsw (syrtm)
sjfb zfkDqv mxkcAv ydwkm dlsb kfv bfsm sHfu-zbcfb, mDtflifE hf lczf-mudtn jvf ntfmD wvDqsk sb. kf ntfsmv bfsm
nh jvf dhlzfk.
zfnst iaKfW dj dhufkDq iaKf. (zfsmdvjfv) qflD W dJafbvf
zbcvi iaKf dlsb iftb jsv Kfsj. spmb icvsbf pcso dmnvDq
jfsIvvf iaKf iftb jvk.
htf hftA sp, mxkhAdv zfkfv jtAfsBv ubA kfv mxkcAv dlb zKhf
j nfr iv zKhf dw hf i]qdw djQhf ydw dlb zKhf hYv ifv rst
sjfb iajfv LmGDq zbcfb jvf dhlzfk. (IfkfWqf ntfdmqAfr 1/120-121)
htf hftA sp, mcvoD phf jsv ucv sFsj mDtfl idVsq hQ
zfbcfdbjHfsh lczf jsv zKhf dhvfe sHfu-zbcfb jsv sjfb tfH
89
sb. kfsk pdl nmfsuv jfsY bfm sbWqfv djQhf hlbfm sKsj h]fyfv
swA Kfsj kfrst skf mclGfv sjfb jtAfB rsh bf.
r]Af, zfidb pdl zfibfv ivstfjok hfi, mf hf zbA sjfb zfkDqv
nkA jtAfB yfb, kfrst zfidb kf jvb, pfsk nkA jtAfB zfsY.
zfv pfsk jtAfB tfH rsh kf ufbsk zfmfslvsj wvDqskv nfrfpA dbsk
rsh.
zfidb zfibfv zfkDqv ubA lczf jvb. dhswN jsv Ivp bfmfspv
iyfsk nftfm dIvfv zfso W kfrfcsl kfv ubA lczf jvsk Hct
jvshb bf. j ifk Hfk hf lcde dmEfsqv dhdbmsq HfVf jvf stfsjv fvf
lczf jdvsq zfidb sjfbX swaBDv tfsHv jKf zfwf jsvb. zfibfv mfhfsiv ubA zfidb dbsu lczf jvb. zfibfv mf-hfsiv ubA zfibfv mk
lvl dj Wslv rsk ifsv? zfibfv mk zfv jfsvf lczfsk dj sn
zfdvjkfv Hvnf jvsk ifsvb?
zfv susb vfJcb sp, lczf jhcstv nm wkG iCBG Kfjst dbyq sn lczf
kfv jfsu slsh. jcvzfb mfuDsl mxskv ubA lczfv jKf sJ jvf
rsqsY. (nCvf rfwXv 10 zfqfk)
diaq bhD W mxkhAdv ubA lczf jsvsYb. spmb, ufbfpfv bfmfp W
jhv dpqfvskv dhdH lczf jKfv nf[D. pfv iafq nhef mfsqAskv
ubA lczf W [mf iafKGbfq iCBG. iv mrfbhD jKfW hstsYb,
mcndtm hAdv sjfb Hfsqv ubA kfv zlxswA sKsj lczf jhct rq.
lczfjfvDv mfKfv iv j dIdvf dbsqfduk Kfsjb. pJb lczfjfvD
kfv (zlxwA hf zbcidk) Hfsqv ubA lczf jsv, kJb dIdvf
hstb, `zfmDb. zfv skfmfv ubAW zbcvi. (mcndtm 2733, zfhc lfl
1534bQ iamcJ)
zfibfv zfkDqv zfidb zdHHfhj hf Wqfsvn rst hQ sn bpvmfbf svfpf svsJ mfvf sost zfidb kfv kvI sKsj jfpf svsJ slb, kfv
90
nWqfh kfv ijfsv zfnsh.

diaq vnCt hstb, hAd svfpf jfpf svsJ mfvf pfq sn hAdv kvI
sKsj kfv zdHHfhj (hf Wqfsvn) svfpf vfJsh. (hcJfvD 1952, mcndtm
1147bQ, iamcJ)
hsb zffn hstb, `j mdrtf nmcla-nIsv shv rst sn bpv mfbt

sp, pdl zffr kfhfvfjf zkfzftf kfsj nmcla sKsj idvfB lfb jsvb,
kfrst sn jmfn svfpf vfJsh. zk}iv sn nmcla sKsj idvfB sisq
dIsv t. dj svfpf bf svsJ sn mfvf sot. kfv j jbAf bhD v
dbje sn sn Oebfv sJ jvst dkdb htstb, msb jv, kfv pdl sjfb
B hfjD Kfjk, kfrst kf kcdm idvswfL jvsk dj bf? htt, `rAf.]'
dkdb htstb, kfrst zffrv B zdLjvsi idvswfL-spfoA. nckvfQ
kcdm skfmfv mfsqv kvI sKsj svfpf jfpf jsv lfW. (zfhC lfl 3308bQ,
zfrmfl 2/216 iamcJ)
vmpfsbv svfpf jfpf svsJ mfvf sost kfv dhdbmsq zfidb dIlqAfr
(iaskAj dlsbv idvhskG jde dmnjDbsj jdlsbv JflA zKhf 1 djstf
250 oafm jsv yft) dlb. kfv nWqfhW mfsqAskv ubA ijfvD.
zfmvfrv mf vmpfsbv svfpf hfjD svsJ djft jvst dkdb mf zfsqwf
(vf})sj dufnf jvstb, `zfdm zfmfv mfsqv kvI sKsj jfpf jsv slh
dj?' zfsqwf (vf}) htstb, `bf. hvQ kfv kvI sKsj iaskAj dlsbv
idvhskG j jde dmnjDbsj zLG nf' (iafq 1djstf 250 oafm JflA)
nljfr jsv lfW.' (kfrfhD 3/142, mcrff 7/4, zfrjfmct ufbfp, eDjf 170ix})
hsb zffn hstb, `sjfb hAd vmpfb mfsn znc rsq iVst hQ
kfviv svfpf bf vfJf zhfq mfvf sost kfv kvI sKsj dmnjDb
JfWqfsk rsh; kfv jfpf sb. i[fsv bpsvv svfpf hfjD svsJ sost kfv
kvI sKsj kfv zdHHfhj (hf Wqfsvn) svfpf vfJsh.' (zfhC lfl 2401bQ
iamcJ)
91
zfibfv zfkDq pdl B idvswfL bf jsv mfvf pfq, kfrst zfidb kf

zflfq jsv dlb. kf jvst sn jhsv ijxk rsh. zfv bf jvst
shsrsv isK sn zfesj Kfjsh.
zfibfv zfkDq r jvfv bpv smsb mfvf sost, zKhf r Ivp
rWqfv iv sjfb Wpsv bf jsv mfvf sost zfidb (dbsuv Ivp r zfso
iftb jsv Kfjst) kfv kvI sKsj kf iftb jsv dlb. v nWqfshW sn
tfHhfb rsh.
hsb zffn hstb, j hAd bhD -v dbje sn htt, `zfmfv
shfb r jvfv bpv smsb mfvf sosY. (Jb dj jvf pfq?) bhD
htstb, kfv B hfjD Kfjst dj kcdm idvswfL jvsk? stfjde htt,
`r]Af.' dkdb htstb, kfrst zffrv B idvswfL jsv lfW. jfvB, kf
zdLj idvswfL-spfoA. (hcJfvD 6699bQ)
zbcvi j mdrtf htt, `sr zffrv vnCt! zfmfv zff hV hx. kfv
Ivp r hfjD zfsY. Jb nWqfvDsk hsn KfjskW sn z[m. zfdm dj
kfv kvI sKsj r jsv slh?' bhD htstb, `rAf].' jsv lfW.
(mcndtm 1334-1335bQ iamcJ)
zhwA Ivp rWqf nsW sp dhbf Wusv nmsqv zhsrtf jsv r bf

jsv mfvf sosY kfv kvI sKsj r zflfq sjfb jfsu slsh bf.
(zfrjfmct ufbfp 171ix}, eDjf)
zfidb shwD shwD sbj jfu jvb, kfrst zfibfv mxk dikfmfkfW
ijxk rshb. jfvB, mfsqAskv sYsV pfWqf sbj nfb sp sbj zfmt
jsv kfv nWqfshv zbcvi nWqfh tfH rq kfv dikf-mfkfvW. sk
nfsbv nWqfhW smfse jm rq bf. jfvB, nfb rt dikf-mfkfv
zfmtjxk W ifduGk Lsbv bAfq. zfv zffr kfzftf hstb,
4ty $t ) |M9 }9 r&u
zKGf{, hQ mfbcN kf ifq; pf sn jsv. (nCvf bfuXm 39 zfqfk)
92
zffr vnCt hstb, mfbcN nhsysq rftft h spef H[B jsv kf

rt kfv dbu ifduGk JflA. zfv kfv nfb rt kfv dbu ifduGk Lb
vi. (zfhC lfl 3528, dkvdmpD 1358, bfnf 4464, hsb mfufr 2137bQ iamcJ)
kf nfb pdl kfv dikf-mfkfv bfsm lfb jsv zKhf Dklfn mc
jsv zKhf r jsv, kfrst nshv nWqfsh kfvf ijxk rsh.
hsb zffn hstb, nf'l dhb hflfrv mf pJb sjft jsvb
kJb dkdb zbcidk dYstb. isv dkdb zffrv vnCt -sj htstb, `sr
zffrv vnCt! zfmfv zbcidk Kfjf jfst zfmfv zfmf mfvf sosYb.
Jb pdl kf]v kvI sKsj djYc lfb jdv kfrst dkdb ijxk rshb dj?'
bhD htstb, rA]f rsh. nf'l htstb, `kfrst zfdm zfibfsj nf[A
svsJ htdY sp, zfmfv dmJvfsIv hfofb k]fv bfsm nljfr jvtfm.' (hcJfvD
2756bQ iamcJ)
zfcfr dhb zfmXv hstb, zfn dhb Wqft nfrmD kfv kvI rsk
100de Dklfn mc jvfv zdnqk jsv mfvf pfq. nckvfQ kfv sYfe sYst
drwfm 50de lfn mc jsv. zk}iv kfv hV sYst zfmXv hfjD 50de lfn
mc jvfv Yf jvst htstb, `(hfi skf jfsIv zhfq mfvf sosY) kf
zfdm jfu zffrv vnCt -sj dufnf bf jsv jvh bf.' nckvfQ dkdb
bhD -v dbje sn Oebf Jcst hst dufnf jvstb, zfdm dj hfjD
50de lfn kfv kvI sKsj mc jvh?' sv zffrv vnCt htstb,
sn pdl mcndtm rskf hQ skfmvf kfv kvI sKsj lfn mc jvsk,
zKhf nljfr jvsk zKhf r jvsk kfrst kfv nWqfh kfv dbje
siZ]Yk. (zfhC lfl 2883bQ, hfrfjD 6/ 279, zfrmfl 6704bQ)
ksh r]Af, lfb Jqvfk jvfv hf dmnjDb JfWqfsbfv ubA sjfb dbdlG dlb,
[B hf mudtn jvshb bf zKhf kfsk bfm sbWqfv zfwf sifNB jvshb
bf. bsy{ dH[fv Ucdtsk H{Gnbf ifshb zffrv jfsY. zfibfv bfm
rsh, dj zfibfv zfkDqv sjfb jfm rsh bf. htf hftA, m rt
93
sofisb lfb jvf. pfsk zfidb msbv iawQnf-hfnbf sKsj lCsv Kfjsk
ifsvb.
YfVf mfsqAskv sYsV pfWqf jxk iahfrmfb fiCkG jDdkGjmG
(nfljfsq ufdvqfr); spmb, mndul-mflafnf dbmGfB, jt-j]cqf iaHxdk SkvD,
ijfvD oa iaBqb iaHxdk; sp nh jDdkGv ijfdvkf lDOGfqD hrmfb
Kfsj- sn Lvsbv dbsuv jmGIt mxk mLAuoskW sHfo jvsh.
zffr kfzftf hstb,
4 urO#uu (#s% $t =G6tu 4sApRQ$# tw $)
&7 5$t) u|mr& >x .u
zKfG{, zfdm mxkslvsj uDdhk jdv hQ dtsJ vfdJ Wslv jxkjmG

zfv sp jDdkGnmCr iyfsk svsJ pfq. zfdm iaskAj dudbn i oas
nQvd[k svsJdY. (nCvf qfnDb 12zfqfk)
diaq bhD hstb, mfbcN mfvf sost dkbde dudbn YfVf kfv zfmt
dhdY rsq pfq; nljfr ufdvqfr, ItianC tXm (dw[f) hQ sbj nfb;
sp kfv ubA lczf jsv. (mcndttm 1631, zfhC lfl 2880, bfnf 3653bQ iamcJ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, mvsBv isvW mcdmsbv sp zfmt W sbjD kfv nfsK
dmdtk rq kf rt; mb tXm pf sn dw[f jsvsY hQ iayfv jsvsY, kfv
sYsV pfWqf sbj nfbW mcnrfI (jczvfb wvDI), kfv dbdmGk mndul W
mcnfdIv Jfbf, kfv Jbbjxk bftf hf jAfsbt hQ kfv mfstv nljfr pf
sn kfv nc W uDdhk Kfjf zhfq lfb jsv sosY. (hsb mfufr 242bQ)
jKf i sp, dbsuv rfsk jsv pfWqf sbjDsk tfsHv zfwf jvf
pfq. kfYfVf zisv sp dEjmk nfst nWqfh jvsh kfv Hvnf sjfKfq?
i[fsv wvDqskv zbcsmfdlk YfVf zbAfbA zfmt hf idk fvf
nfst nWqfh jvst kf shnvjfvD Ffsj vnft rsh pf ndEj dEjfbfq
si]ZYsh bf. nckvfQ mfsqAskv kvI sKsj kWhf jvf, bfmfp iVf, dbsuv
94
zKhf HfVfse jfvDslv jcvzfbJfbD, IfdkrfJfbD, jctJfbD, whDbf ifE,

yftsw, yfrfvm, dbqdmk hf{ndvj lczf mudtn kAfdl sjfb msk nft
hf `dvdnHXFX ' rsh bf. (zfrjfmct ufbfp, mc'ufmct dhlf' 135ix})
idvswsN susb vfJf dyk sp, bfdj, jfsIv, mcwdvj, mcbfdIj W
shbfmfpD, pfvf jhsvv zfpfh W uffk-ufrffm djYc dhwfn jsv bf,
kfslv bfsm pdl sjfb wvDqknmk nfst nWqfh jvf rq, kfrstW kf
kfslv sjfb jfsu zfnsh bf. nckvfQ dhlzfkD nfst nWqfh, jcvzfbJkm, IfdkrfJfbD, jctJfbD, yftsw, yfrfvm, lczf mudtn, mDtflmfrdIt, sHfu zbcfb kAfdl kfslv sjfbX jfsu zfnsk ifsv? pfslv
LsmGv iadk dhwfn dYt bf, kfslv bfsm LmGhAhnfqDslv bjt LsmGv LmGDq
zfyfv sjb? pfslv ivjfst dhwfn sb, kfslv ifvstfZdjj jtAfB hf
mcdv ubA stZdjjkf W zfbcfdbjkf sjb? nh zfyfv iftsbv
mfLAsm sjht sYstslv hlbfm sKsj h]fyfv, zKhf bfm sbWqfv, zKhf
nfmfduj W iaKfok jkGhAHfv rff jvfv, zKhf sHfe sbWqfv sjfb
vfuSbdkj swA Kfsj bf skf?
Ifskrf W jct JfbD
sjfb diaqusbv bfsm, kfv zfkfv jtAfsBv ubA, kfv ivjfst mcd
tfsHv zfwfq mvsBv 3 dlb iv zKhf zbA sjfb dlsb h stfsj pcv,
mcnD, fpD, kfstsh tXm hf mcnD lfWqfk dlsq Osv sb zKhf mndulmffnfq 70 rfufv hfv jfstmf kfsqhf ifE hf IfdkrfJfbD zKhf
jctJfbD jdvsq mxskv bfsm nfst nWqfh jvf rq.. dbdlG idvmfsB hce hf
sYftf dlsq jhfv iVf rst jde jsv sYftf ndvsq vfJf rq. nhswsN
Kfsj mcbfufk W Jfbifsbv hAhf.
nfst nWqfshv mb idk spsrkc mrfbhD W k]fv nfrfhfslv pcso
95
dYt bf, snsrkc kf dhlzfk dhLfq kf huGbDq.
whDbf W jcvzfbJfbD
h mcntmfb hjGk W nWqfshv zfwfq j vfd hAfiD jcvzfb Jksmv

mudtn zbcdk jsv Kfsj. rfsIp HfVf jvf rq zKhf ucvvf slsJ
slsJ Jkm jsv Kfsjb. sjfb sjfb mudtsn j j rfsIp hf smZthD
nfsrhsj jcvzfb mfuDslv zQw Hfo jsv kf ifE jvfv lfdqk slWqf
rq. sj sj mfsU-I]fsj hfl dlsq dbsuv Hfo swN jsv Kfsjb.
mfjspfso nfvf nfvf vfk UsVv odksk jcvzfbJfbD yst. jqub
zffrv hflf hf kf psKfdyk msbfspfo nrjfsv wahB jsv? zdkdv
ws h mfbcsNv jfsY jcvzfb zhsrdtk rq. dFfhG rq jk mfbcsNv.
Yf-YfDv stJf-iVfq hAfOfk Ose, svfo-iDdVk mfbcsNv msb zfOfk
tfso, zfvfm W Ocm uvvD mb mfbcsNv msb dhvd nxd jsv, hfdVv
dbHxk sjfsBW lidkv siamftfi W Sldrj dmtsbv nmq sid[k rq
zffrv jcvzfb. zmcndtmslv msb nxd jsv dhkxf. nkA skf sp hfBD
hcUf pfq bf, sn hfBDv iadk jBGifk jvsh jqub?
Jkm swsN rfk kcst ufmfzfkD lczf rq. Jfb-ifsbv LcmW Kfsj shw
sufvlfv. sk pf Jvy rq, kf sbrfk jm bq. dj nh skf jvf rq
sjht zffrv nd tfsHv zfwfq. ksh rqskf hf Jkmlfkf ufsb bf
sp, nkAis[ jfsu zffrv nd sb. spsrkc jfu k]fv wvDqk
zbcpfqD rq bf kf.
HfVfdeqf rfsIp-ucvslv jcvzfbJfbDsk sjfb nWqfhW sb; bf
k]fslv, zfv bf- Jkmlfkfv. jfvB, k]fvf isVb djYc jfmfsqv ubA.
96
zfv Jkmlfkfv nWqfh rq bf, spsrkc kf dhlzfk. (mfumC IfkfWqf hsb

NfmDb 2/304)
sp rfsIp hf ucvslvsj dbsq Jkm iVfsbf rq, Sj k]fvf skf sjfbdlb

swaBDv Jkm iVfb bf. p]fvf mDtfl isV zKG ifuGb jsv shVfb, Sj
k]fvf skf sjfbdlb Jvy jsv mDtfl iVfb bf? bfdj dwsNAv Osvv yfst
jfj hsn dwsNAv ifsiv jfvsB. zfv vv Osvv yfst jfj hsn jfsjv
ifi [q jvfv usbA? hcdmfb mfbcNvf hcsU bf sjb?
zsbsj IfskrfJfbD, jcvzfbJfbD iaHxdk jsv kfv nWqfh k]fslv ubA
(spmb zfdqfslv bfsm) hJXsw slq -pf]vf nWqfshv mcJfsi[D bb. nckvfQ
mb jfu dhlzfk W Iftkc Sh dj?
i[fsv zbAfbA zfmt hf idk fvf nfst nWqfh jvst kf
shnvjfvD Ffsj vnft rsh pf ndEj dEjfbfq si]ZYsh bf. nckvfQ
mfsqAskv kvI sKsj kWhf jvf, bfmfp iVf, dbsuv zKhf HfVfse
jfvDslv jcvzfbJfbD, IfdkrfJfbD, jctJfbD, whDbf ifE, yftsn, yfrfvm,
dbqdmk hf{ndvj lczf mudtn kAfdl sjfb msk nft hf `dvdnHXFX '
rsh bf. (zfrjfmct ufbfp, mc'ufmct dhlf' 135ix})
HfVfdeqf jfvDv jcvzfb JfbD, Ifskrf JfbD, jct JfbD, wdhbf JfbD,
yftsn, yfrfvm, mDtfl ifE kAfdl pf nfst nWqfshv sswA jvf rq
nm dhlzfk. nh mxskv sjfb jfsu zfsn bf. iv mxk hAd pdl
bfdj hf jfsIv zKhf mcwdvj rq, kfrst kfv zfkfv jtAfB sswA
mb lczf mudtn jvf hf lczf jvf rfvfm. (nCvf kfWhfr 113 zfqfk)
vn-{nh
zffrv ztD zffrv hc. k]fvf zffrv nfsK dwjG zhwA iYl
jsvb bf, jvsk ifsvb bf. k]fvf dwjG ns mfbcNsj nkjG jsv Kfsjb.
k]fslv djfstv iv k]fslvsj sj jsv sjfb dwjG srfj kf k]fvf
97
sjfbsm yfsk ifsvb bf. dj zkDh lc}sJv dhNq sp, mfbcN k]fslvsj
Hct shfsU hQ k]fslvsj dbsq kf v jsv slq pf k]fvf iYl jsvb bf;
iYl jsvb bf k]fslv jmf mf'hCl mrfb zffr.
mfbcN mfvf sost kfv njt zfmt h rsq pfq. mLAuosk bf sjfb
bfmfp Kfsj, bf sjfb lczf. zfv bf Kfsj sn uoskv mfbcsNv nfsK
uoskv mfbcsNv sjfb nijG. zfWdtqf rstW k]fvf sn uo{ sKsj
uoskv sjfb zfrhfb bsk ifb bf; ifsvb bf jfsvf zfrhfsb nfvf
dlsk. khcW mfbcN dbsuv iasqfusb nvfndv mrfb iadkiftj W jj
mf'hClsj bf sFsj sjfb ztDsj mfLAm jsv; Hfsh dkdb kfv lczf zffrv
lvhfsv si]ZsY slshb. dj sn LfvBf sp zfslZ ndEj bq kf mf zi
stfsj shfsU.
zffrv wfsb Hct hcsU hQ k]fv zfWdtqfslv iadk Hdv zfdkwspA
stfsj k]fslv jhsvv jfsY umfsqk rq. h{nvfs jhfv snJfsb hV
Hd W zfoasrv nfsK Hvf dbu dbu bpv-dbqfp W rfdlqf-isTZjb
dbsq idk rq. snJfsb jfmbf-hfnbf iCBG rWqfv zfwf jvf rq.
mrfOef W nmfsvfsrv nfsK zbcdk rq vn-{nh.
vsn jhv dpqfvsk zkDh icBAtfH rWqfv zfwf jsv stfsj,
Ìqsp zfm' zuGb jvfv zfwf sifNB jsv, bIt svfpf svsJ mfpfv
dpqfvk jsv.
{nh-mcJv fsb smtf tfso! zffrv zfWdtqf pf iYl jsvb bf
kf rq snJfsb. sjfb sjfb vn-smtfq ofb-hfubf rq, bfej-pff,
dnsbmf-nfjGfn hQ zfsvf zbAfbA dyvbmCtj zbcfb zbcdk rsq
Kfsj. bfvD-icvsNv zhfL dmtfdmwf Ose. ialdwGk rq bfvDv sn vi W
snZlpG pf slJf W slJfsbf zShL.
dwjG-dhlzfk W jfhDvf sofbfr idvshdk mb idvshw dj zffrv
sjfb ztD iYl jvsk ifsvb?
98
khcW mb dwjGD W dhlzfkD smtfq zQwoarB jsv h H zKG hAq

jsv zfsn. dj hV lc}J rq sn Hslv slsJ pfvf mfKfv Ofm ifsq
sIst zKG ifuGb jsv kf dbsuv mf-hfi W D-idvusbv iv Jvy bf
jsv tcdesq zfsn smtfq! zfv sn nfsK dwjG, dhlzfk kKf jfhDvf
sofbfrv Ìqp' W ifsKq rfdnt W nQoar jsv hfdV sIsv.
lCv-lCvf sKsj j j zfwf dbsq stfsjvf ztDv loGf dpqfvskv
sswA nIv jsv; zKy kf ntfsm ShL bq. ShL bq sjfb djYc sjbfshyfv ubAW mb smtfq idk rWqf.
`vn' jKfde zfvhD rstW kfv zfnt zKG dhhfr-zbcfb W kfv
sHfu-{nh. dj ivhkGDsk stfsjvf kfsj SbshlA yVfsbf zbcfsbv
zsKG hAhrfv jsv hf{ndvj smtfv zfsqfub jsv ztDv bfsm SbshlA
ydVsq Kfsj. zfv sn nfsK `vn mchfvj' hf `vn ifj' bfmjvB jsv
kfsj jde LmGDq zbcfsbv vi lfb jvf rq. zKy LsmGv nfsK
zbcfsbv dbje zKhf lCvkm sjfb nijG sb.
Ifdkrf qfplrm
wfqJ zfct jfslv uDtfbD (v})-v zIfk its[A dlb ifdtk

rq. IfvnD HfNfq `qfplrm' mfsb 11km. spsrkc vdhn nfbD mfsnv
11 kfvDsJ k]fv zIfk rq sn ubA dlbdesj Ìfdkrf qflrm' bfsm
mvB W iftb jvf rq. 11 kfvDsJv vfsk k]fv bfsm jcvzfb-Jkm W
mDtfl-mfrdIt jsv stfsjvf Ìqp' rfdnt jsv Kfsj.
zfmvf ufdb sp, ntfsm hAdiCufv sjfb fb sb. sJfl mrfbhD v um-mxkcAdlhn iftb jvf dhlzfk. nckvfQ k]fv isv zfv jfv ummxkcAdlhn iftb jvf dhsLq rsk ifsv? kfYfVf k]fv bfsm pf jvf rq kfW
skf dhlzfk. htf hftA, dlsb Ycde mfbfsbf hf jfu-jmG h jsv
99
rfstfqf-vde sJsq zfbl jvf wvDqknmk jfu bq.
dhdH stZdjjkfv zbcfb
mcntmfdb (Jkbf) {nh
ntfsm mcndtm dwv Jkbf hf mcntmfdb (dtkjsYl) jvf dhsLq.

sk h spZbsvfsov rfk rsk mcdv ifq zfsY. kfYfVf sk vsqsY
lfikA nsHfo-ncsJv iCBG kxd W vrnA. ef mfbcsNv j ncvdyiCBG
iajxdk. kfv iv vsqsY ntfsmv nclv fAdhLfb.
ksh sp dtkjrDb zhfq usmsY, kfv Jkbf sb hQ kfv dtsv
isv [cv hf yfjc hctfsbf zKhf ifb jfef kAfdl zfyfv dhsLq bq. hvQ
kf zdkdv dhlzfk jfu. ksh hfVdk yfmVfv djYc zQw zhdw
Kfjst kf sjse sItf lvjfv. zbcviHfsh pdl sjfb dwwc Jch lchGt rq
zKhf sj hx zhfq ntfm oarB jsv hQ Jkbf jvfq sjfb [dkv
zfwf Kfsj, kfrst kfslv ubA kf uvvD bq.
Jkbf jvfv sjfb h]fLf-Lvf nmq sb. ksh Sjwsvv iCshG jvfef m.
pfsk hV rsq wvmofr slJfsk bf rq. zfv ubA Jkbfv nmq bfvDicvN umfsqk rsq dhsqv mk zbcfb jsv njstv nfmsb dtkj jfef
ShL bq. (mfuffkct hcrCdnt ntfdmqAfr 14/12)
ShL bq Jkbfv ubA dwsj [Dv JfWqfsbf, irfv sbWqf hQ sn
nfsK oDk-ifdeG smsqslv hfubf nr oDk ofWqf, bfyf W jfi jvf.
dwsj ncndk jsv dvf ifd hf sOfVfq hdnsq ifVf, oafm hf wrv
100
Ocvfsbf hQ sn nfsK zfstf W ofb-hfubfv nchAhf jvf, vM mfJfmfdJ

jvf, dlhfvfd mfsj svjFG hfdusq, dn-dF zKhf dHdFWv mfLAsm dItXm
sldJsq mrf hf oafmsj {nh-mcJv jsv skftf, jk stfsjv dFfhG W
jk stfsjv hflskv [dk jvf, jk pchj-pchkDsj zhfL-dmtfdmwfv
ncspfo jsv slWqf, dItXm-ialwGsbv mfLAsm kfslv ydv sbfQvf jvf
zk}is[ jub iCBG mfblfv mcndtsmv jfu rsk ifsv bf.
tffsbv j ecjvf yfmVf sjse sItfv nmq sofibDqkf W
tfwDtkf Kfjf iasqfub njstv msb. v ubA zfbl {nh jvf
ncvdyiCBG nHA idvshswv t[B bq.
hfdj Kfjt its[A zfkDq-ub W dmnjDbslvsj sjht lfWqfk
dlsq JfWqfsbfv jKf. p]fvf lfWqfk slWqf W JfWqf ufsqp msb jsvb,
k]fvf zfcfr dhb mfv -v jmGsj ltDt msb jsvb. hdBGk zfsY sp,
dkdb k]fv sYstslv Jkbfv nmq sH]Vf phf jsv JfsqdYstb. (mcnffI
hsb zfhD wfhfr 17160, 17164bQ)
i[fsv Jkbf hf mcntmfdb its[A lfWqfk slWqf W JfWqf zffrv

vnCt -v pcso dYt bf hst hBGbf dlsqsYb nfrfhD Nmfb dhb zfhDt
zfn. jlf k]fsj Jkbf-sHfsuv lfWqfk slWqf rst dkdb kf jhct
jvsk zDjfv jvstb. jfvB dufnf jvf rst dkdb htstb, zfmvf
zffrv vnCt -v pcso Jkbf-sHfsu rfdpv rkfm bf hQ zfmfslvsj
sn its[A lfWqfkW slWqf rskf bf. (zfrmfl 4/217, kfhfvfbDv jfhDv 9/57)
zbA j hBGbfq zfsY, k]fsj j lfWqfsk zfrhfb jvf rst htf rt,
zfidb dj ufsbb, ef djsnv lfWqfk? ef rt j hfdtjfv Jkbf
its[A lfWqfk. dkdb htstb, zfmvf zffrv vnCt -v pcso
efsj ShL msb jvkfm bf. zk}iv dkdb sn lfWqfk sJsk zDjfv
jvstb. (kfhfvfbDv jfhDv 9/57)
zfv ubA h tfmf hstb, Jkbfv lfWqfk dhlzfk. tfmf
101
zfrst rflDsnv Iskfqfq htf rsqsY, Jkbf jvfv nmq dpqfIk

dhlzfk. (IfkfWqf zfrst rflDn 2/549)
htf hftA sp, pcvslvsj lfWqfk dlsq dlsb hf kfv zfsov dlsb
bnDrk jvf zKhf mDtfl iVf zk}iv lviCdkGv zbcfb jvfW
dhlzfk.
dhhfsr [Dv JfWqfsbfv {nh
dhhfsrv 3 zKhf 7 dlb zfso iakAr vfs if-ifDv mcsJ [Dv slWqfv
slwfyfv vsqsY iafq nh Osv. nfLfvBk} iaKf ifwGhkDG idvshw sKsj
Lfv jvf hf zbciashw jvf iaKf. zfv diaq bhD hstb, sp hAd sp
ufdkv zbcjvB jsv, sn kfslv ltHc. (dmwjfk 4347bQ)
mb mdrtfvf ifsv WfLv iwG jsv kfv mcsJ [Dv-dmd slq, pfslv
ubA ifsj slJf slWqfW rfvfm! zsbj nmq irfsnv ifD (?)
HfhD, bfbD rst rfsk jfmsVW slWqf rq! hvQ ifW HfhDv mcsJ kcst
slq iadklfsbv [Dv! zKy iwG sKsj kfv mfKfq ncy so]sK pfWqfW
m dYt. (dntdntfr nrDrfr 226bQ) zbcvi jsv ifDv nfsKW kfv
irfsnv ifvf! hvQ sp [Dv JfWqfsk pfq kfv nfsKW yst ifw sKsj
dhdH mvf.
nfsK yst òDk-ifdeG' pchkDslv Lcsmv oDk. wcLc oDk bq hvQ
zwDt oDk W rfkkfdt nr sTft-hflA hfdusq oDk. v ns Kfsj `stdF
FAfn' hf bfy. zfv swsN dhdH zwDt W zShL zdHbq hf `jfi'!
zdHbsq Kfsj jfsvf mvB-mcrCskG zKhf umlfb-mcrCskG Odek bfbf Oebf.
kfsk Kfsj jk hA, jef[ W zwDtkf. Eff jvf rq Dblfv nflfdnsL
mfbcNslvsj dbsq. mb idvddk slsJ-wcsb iaskAj vdyhfb mcndtm kf
102
OxBf jvsk hfLA. dj h vdyrDb oxrjkGf nh slsJ-wcsbW wcLc hst

s[i jsv bf sp, `zfm jfst sFfm vfuf, dhsq jfst smsq vfuf.' Ist
Yf jsv zbcok iauf rsq kfslvsj dbu zhfq sYsV slq zKhf
smsqslv Lmsj hfLA rsq yci Kfsj. kf dbu idvhfvsj dbtGkfq
sYsV dlsq hfdVv hfsv vfk jfefskW tf jsv bf. zKy oxsrv nm
lfdqk nisjG djqfmsk oxrjkGfv dbje SjdIqk kth jvf rsh.
(dmwjfk 3685bQ)
Lvsbv znfv W zwDt mudtsn sjfb mcndtm bfvDv idk rWqf

hQ [Dv JfWqfsbf db}nslsr rfvfm. spmb mdrtfslv jDdkGjtfi
lwGb jvf hf bfsy sIdv slWqf icvNslv ubA dhswNHfsh rfvfm. mb
bfdysqsj sIdv slWqfv hlst kfv sjfmv sHs slWqf dyk mcndtsmv dhswN jsv kfv zdHHfhsjv. dj rfq! `wfwcVD pdl lf]dVsq mcsk,
kfrst h skf ifj dlsq dlsq mcksh!' shVf sJk sJst, sJskv zhf
zfv dj rsh?
zfhcsVf hf KchVf Hfskv (zdhhfdrk zhfv swN zoarsBv) zbcfbW
dhufkDq iaKf. dlsbv [Dv-dnd dhkvBW dhlzfk. hvQ iDvktfq
dhkvB dwjG. zfv dlb nfLfvBk} ifjfb hf hfkfnf dhkvB (dhsqv)
dlb. pfslvsj ifjfb hf dmd slWqf rsh kfslvsj idvmfB mk efjf
dlsq `Hfk' JfWqfsk rsh; bf dlst bq. stZdjjkfq mfb vfJsk
dosqW zsbsj tdk rq. nckvfQ nh slwfyfv ntfsmv djYc bq.
dlbocdtsk `zftmkftfq' (Y]flbfktfq) hnfv zfso if-ifDv
jift sEdjsq zfnsb hf dhYfbfq nftfm dhlzfk. sjfb shofbf (spmb
hcbf iaHxdkv) sjfst sysi zftm-kftfq hnf rfvfm. bfvD-icvsNv
(jcecslv) zhfL dmtf-dmwf, jsKfijKb mufj-Eff, ilGfrDbkf iaHxdk
ntfm dhsvfLD zfyvB W zHAfn. spmb vM YVfYdV jsv srftD (?) W
jflf sJtf iaHxdk dhufkDq iaKf. mb zfVv W zbcfb ntfsm
103
zbcsmfdlk bq.
nckvfQ mcndtm nfhLfb! kcst dlb `zftmkftf' bfmj `vKkftf'sj
idvshw rsk. if-ifDW nsykb rW! hnshbf `vKkftf'sk. [Dv
Jfsh bf v-Wv rfsk. sj ufsb Wslv rfskv zhf dj? dY}!
dhhfsrv iayfv zhwA lvjfv. ntfmD iaKfq hfnsvv dlsb hf vfs
dhhfsrv iyfv uvvD. `lcIX' (zfef-yftf yftcsbv mk slJsk TiXTsi
zfWqfudhdw j iajfv sTftj) hfdusq sYfe sYfe hfdtjf smsqvf
wDtkfiCBG oDk ofsh. dj zbA hflAp fvf zKhf zwDt, siamjfdrbDmCtj, znfv, zKGrDb oDk hf ofb ofWqf W swfbf rfvfm. dlsb
ntfmD out sosq zfbl jvf dhdLnmk; ksh kfskW spb dwjG W
dhlXzfskv o bf Kfsj. JcwDsk svjsFGv ofb, mfsjv ofb, dndF W
dHdFW ialwGb iaHxdk ntfsm jsEfvHfsh dbdN. (zflfhcp dpIfI, zfthfbD
179-180ix} })
v mfsU zfsn skt bfmfsbfv iftf. sUfmv Fftf rq if hf ifDsj

sjla jsv rfkkfdt dlsq oDk sosq W iald[B jsv!
YfVf zfsY dwvskt Tftfv zbcfb. nLhfvf rfskv isv rfk vfsJ,
nhfv iv sbfVf vfsJ JfVf jsv, kfv iv skt Tftf rq hQ kf ifDv
mfKfq odVsq isV. ns zfsvf jk dj smsqdt jDdkG. kfYfVf iaKf
nHhk} dwhdt iCufvDslv. jfvB, zsbsj iaKfsj `dwhskt
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nckvfQ sp mcndtm bfvDvf mCdkGiCujslv zbcvi jsv kfvf vncstv
hfBDmsk Wslv ltHc. zfv slv ns lfqD rsh kfslv zdHHfhj W
fmDvfW.
dhhfsrv iaKm sKsj swN ipG dHdFW jAfsmvf fvf zKhf IsefoafID fvf
nfvj Ydh kcst vfJfq lc ifi; Ydh skftfv ifi hQ dhdH mdrtfslvsj
slJf W slJfsbfv ifi.
104
zfkw hf IejfhfuDW ShL bq. jfvB, zfocb dbsq sJtf zShL, sk

dhislv zfwf zsbj, kfYfVf sk zihAq rq zKy ijfv djYc rq
bf. se stfjsj HDk-n W dhv jsv skfst. nckvfQ mcndtm
dwqfv!
hAfsMv dhsq
j swaBDv mfbcN zfsY pfvf mflfsvv dhsq dlsq Kfsj hQ mflfv ktf
dbhGfdyk jsv mfdev rfdk-sOfVf siw jsv snJfsb LCi-smfmhfdk ufdtsq
iCuf jsv Kfsj! iadkshwDv idvshw fvf kfvf k iaHfhfdhk sp, kfslv
iCufv zfbl slsJ zfv stfH nfmtfsk bf sisv iCufv smZnm zfdhjfv
jsv iCufv Lcm mfdysq Kfsj. nckvfQ f dtfdr zf tfdr vfdub.
zbA j swaBDv mfbcN zfsY, pfvf LmGsj sJt-kfmfwfv dhNq msb jsv
Kfsj. zfjfsw hxd bf rst dhdH swaBDv mfbcNvf spJfsb dbu iadkiftjsj
n jsv sj hf jfjcdk-dmbdk nrjfsv lczf jsv jffjfde jsv, sjhf
doIfv jsv hQ zsbsj dfv bfmfp isV Kfsj. rfk lcdesj Jch
]yc jsv kcst nxdjkGf hxdlfkfv dbjse hxdhNGsBv ubA zfjct zfshlb
ufdbsq Kfsj. snJfsb swaBDv mfbcNvf hxdv ubA vfoD stfsjv ycstf sHs
zfsn zKhf kfv ofsq sbfQvf sIst slq. zfv Hfsh sp, sn svso oftfofdt
jvst zfjfsw smO zfnsh, hxd rsh, Int Itsh!
zbcvi bfvD-icvN js irfsnv if-ifDvf (?) sJt sJtst,
zfsifsn vM djQhf jflf mfJfmfdJ jvst hxd rsh msb jsv zfv j
swaBDv mCJG mfbcN.
zsbj mcwdvj ufsrt W LfvBf W dhwfn vfsJ sp, sjftf hAfsMv dhsq
105
dlst zffr JcwD rsq hxd slshb! zfv sn ufsrtD LfvBfmsk hAfM Lsv
skt-rtcl mfdJsq jfiV idvsq zftmkftfq hdnsq oDk-hfubf jsv [Dv
JfWqfq! sjfb sjfb tfjfq ofLf-ofLDv dhhfrW slWqf rq!
zfnst I]fsj kfslv zfbl jvfv jde ncspfo zfv dj? dj
zfbl jvfv zhjfw skf zbfhxdv nmq bq. nmsq Lfb rsh bf
zfwfq jk mfbcsNv syfsJ Ocm zfsn bf. zfv vf jsv zfsmfl-ICdkG!
jfsvf siZNmfn, jfsvf nhGbfw. jfsvf smfu rq, sj zfmfwq pfq.
mb ufsrtD W dwjGD zfbsl sjfb mcndtm wvDj rsk ifsv bf. bf
ufsrtslvsj ufqof dlsq, zfv bf- sjfb iajfv y]flf dlsq. hvQ zffrv
zfslwmk zfidbW htcb,
( )$]%y t%x. t79$# ) 4 t69$# t,yyu ,ys9$# u!%y`
zKGf{, rj sn sosY hQ hfdkt dhtc rsq sosY. dbyq hfdkt

dhtDqmfb. (nCvf nvf 81 zfqfk)
mb ufsrt ICdkGhfuslv dhvs snfyfv rsq iadkhfl jvb. spsrkc
zfibfv bhD hstb, skfmfslv msLA sj pJb sjfb odrGk (hf
wvDqk dhsvfLD) jfu rsk slJsh, kJb sn spb kf dbu rfk fvf
idvhdkGk jsv. kfsk n[m bf rst spb kfv durf fvf, zfv kfskW
n[m bf rst kfv rlq fvf (kf OxBf ufbsh). ksh rt nh yfsk
lchGtkm mfsbv idvyfqj. (mcndtm 49bQ, zfrmfl, zfnrfsh ncbfb)
Ov jfmk
bkcb Ov hfbfsbfv iv Osv sn JcwD rsq zfkDq-ub W ovDhdmnjDbsj sHfu jsv JfWqfsbf slfsNv bq. kfsk skf zffrv jdvqf
zflfq rq. dj bCkb oxr sfLsbv swA pdl Osvv hjGk zfbf rq,
zKhf snJfsb dub hfn jvsk ifsv zfwfq smZthD-kfstsh tXm
106
sFsj jcvzfb JfbD jsv zKhf mDtfl isV Jfn ufmfzfkD lczf jsv Ov
jfmk jvf rq, kfrst kf zhwA dhlzfk.
dEj Osvv hjGk dbdyr slsJ zKhf sjfb jdik dusbv ih sKsj
h]fyfv ubA Jvy jsv Osvv sjfsB sjfsB mfdev H]fsVv msLA stfrfv sisvj
si]fkf, h]fw i]csk kfv Fofq zfqbf tejfsbf hQ lvufq lvufq kfhDp
dyefsbf dwjG W dhlzfk. dwjG nfLfvBk} mfb W msbv dlj sKsj
lchGt swaBDv stfsjvf jsv Kfsj. dwsjG mfbcsNv jfu rstW kf
mfbdnjHfsh jfsuv It lx rq. zKGf{ kfv mb sn hsv iadk tesj
sKsj msbv msLA jef ht nxd rq. zfnst dj kfsk tfH djYc rq bf.
i[fsv Ov sKsj hjGkrDbkf W dub lCv jvfv idk vsqsY wvDqsk.
dj nmnAf rt, wvDqk ufsb W mfsb sj hQ ufbfv iv sn idk
hAhrfv jvsk ifsv sj?
zffrv vnCt hstb, skfmfslv oxrsj jhvfb hfdbW bf. sp oxsr
nCvf hfjfvfr idEk rq sn oxr rsk wqkfb itfqb jsv. (mcndtm 780 bQ)
rpvk zfhc vfvf rsk hdBGk, jlf dkdb dIkvfv pfjfskv mft
ifrfvf dldYstb. jsqj vfd wqkfb sn mft ycdv jsv dbsq pfq.
zhswsN swNvfs sn k]fsj hst pfq, `dhYfbfq wqb jsv zfqfkct
jcvnD { } v sKsj swN ipG ifE jsvf. sk
skfmfv ubA zffrv kvI sKsj j drIfpkjfvD rsh. Ist wqkfb
njft ipG skfmfv dbjehkGD rsk ifvsh bf.
zfhc vfvf jKf bhD -v dbje sJ jvst dkdb htstb,
susb svsJf, W nkA hstsY zKy W HDNB dmKcAj. dkb dkb vfd kcdm
jfv ndrk jKf hstY kf ufb dj zfhc vfvf? (zfhC vfvf hstb,)
zfdm httfm, `bf.' (vnCt htstb, W dYt wqkfb! (hcJfvD 3275bQ,
hsb Jcpfmf, iamcJ)
mrfbhD hstb, sp hAd vfs nCvf hfjfvfv swN lcde zfqfk ifE
107
jvsh, kfv ubA njt hv zdb rsk lcde psK jvsh. (hcJfvD
5008 bQ, mcndtm 807 bQ)
zbA dlsj Osvv hjGk b jsv Kfsj dbsuvf. Osvv stfsj mb jfu
jsv, pfsk zffrv vrmk zhkDBG rsk hfLf slq.
zffrv vnCt hstsYb, zffrv (vrmskv) dIdvfhoG sn oxsr
iashw jsvb bf, sp oxsr jcjcv zKhf mCdkG hf Ydh Kfsj. (hcJfvD 5958,
mcndtm 2106bQ, dkvdmpD, bfnf, hsb mfufr)
nckvfQ mb sKsj lchGtkf W njt jcnQfv lCvDHCk jvb. Ov sKsj lCv

jvb njt iajfv shhjGk zfbqbjfvD h. zfv sn nfsK hAhrfv jvb
wvDqk jkGj
x dbdlG dydj{nf-idk. zffr zfibfv oxsr hjGk slshb,
Ovsj dubmc jvshb hQ zfibfv mbsj jvshb dwjGmc.
dbYj dhufkDq ivh
uqD hf ucdhtD
IvfnD HfNfq jubile, tAfdeb HfNfq jubiaeus hQ drha HfNfq

yobel dksbv zKG pf, QsvuD Jubilee zKGW kf. iafmfBA
QsvuD zdHLfsb ucshtD zKG jvf rsqsY The blastt of a
trampet. Blast zKG iaht hfkAf, Uf, dhsIfvB. zfv
Trampet zKG sH]ic, sHvDLbD kAfdl. zfdHLfdbj zKGsj nfmsb svsJ
ucdhtD zKG rq, msrf{nh, mrfzfbl {nh kAfdl.
vuk, nchBG W rDvj uqDv dkrfn pkecjc ufbf pfq, kf rsY ,
dntHfv ucdhtD hf vuk uqD }
svfmfb jAfKdtj oDuGfstfv iadk i]dyw hYv iv u]fjumsjv nfsK
LmGDq zbcfb {nh iftb jsv Kfsj. {nshv bfm kfvf dlsqsY,
`dntHfv ucdhtD.'
108
sofsb ucdhtD, nchBG hf BGuqD }

ifw hYv iCBG rWqfv its[ qflDoB jkGxj iftbDq {nh
dhswN. nmsq kfvf Dklfnslvsj (lfnk sKsj) hQ Blfkfslv
(B sKsj) mc jsv icBA tfH jsv. lDb-lc}JDslvW lfb jsv Kfsj.
qflDvf zbcfbsj msb jsv ifi mcdv zbcfb, zbA dlsj kfvf
efsj zfbl zbcfbW msb jsv Kfsj.
Ffqm ucshtD hf rDvj uqD }
Nfe hYv iCBG rWqfv its[ zfblfbcfb. iaKsm j swaBDv JaDfb
(nHhk} siafsefe) pfslv hqn 60 hYv iCBG rk, kfvf rDvj uqD
iftb jvk. ivhkGD nmsq iadkfsbv hqn 60 hYv rst nfVsv
zbcfb iftb jvsk Kfsj. sp iaKf hkGmfsbW iaydtk.
t[ABDq sp, dkbde ucshtD zbcfsbv nfsK mcntmfbslv sjfb
nijG sb. jde svfmfb jAfKdtjslv zbcfb, zivde qflDslv
zbcfb, kxkDqdeW JaDfbslv zbcfb. dkbdev h OsesY LmGDq {n
sKsj. YfVf uqDv {nW zbA dhufdk sKsj. (w-nQxdkv sYfht,
uvD 32-33ix} })
uqD mfsb } ikfjf, jbAf, lcoGf, waDjxsv umdkdK hf umvfd, sp

sjfb hAdv umdkdK its[ zbcdk {nh.
zkh htf hftA sp, dhufdkslv zbcjvsB mcndtmvf sn nh zbcfb
iftb jvsk ifsv bf.
fLDbkf-dlhn
fLDbkf-dlhn, ufkDq-dlhn, oBk-dlhn, wrDl-dlhn kAfdl dlhn

slwfyfv W vfuSbdkj hAfifv rstW kfW j swaBDv ufkDq l. zfmvf
Yf jvst sjfb l hf JcwDv dlb dbsuvf SkvD jsv dbsk ifdv bf.
109
sjbbf, zfmfslv Yf zfmfslv nxdjkGfv Yfv nfsK h]fLf. zfmvf mcndtm

zKGf{ (zffrv dbje) zfknmiGBjfvD. nckvfQ zfmvf k]fv Yfv
dhvs djvsi sjfb l hf JcwDv dlb zfdhjfv jsv dbsk ifdv? k]fv
zbcmdk W zbcsmflb bf Kfjst zfmfslv skf djYc jvfv Kfsj bf.
njt dlhn iftb jvfsk djYc bf KfjstW dhufdkv zbcjvB skf
vsqsY. kfsk vsqsY wvDqk-dhsvfLD bfbf jfpG-jtfi W zbcfb.
nckvfQ dtW dhlzfk W wvDqk-idviD zfbl-dlhn. (zIflfvD 287287 })
zfidb htsk ifsvb, ]}! ef dhlzfk, Wef dhlzfk, kfrst nck

sjfbXef? zfbl jvfv dj sjfb ifq sb ntfsm?
nck sjfbXef snef skf dwJsk htdY zfibfsj. zfibfv pf djYc zfsY
kf zsbj djYc. dj bf susb isvv dbsq sJfw sjb zfidb? dbu jDqkf
dhdjsq zisvv nfsK jfjfv rWqfv mfsb dj bq sp, zfidb lchGt,
zfidb zisvv if-y]fef softfm? nxdjkGfv slr-mb dbsq zfbl jvshb,
kfsk zhwA nxdjkGfv zbcmdk rsk rsh. jKf zfidb mfsbb yfsr bf
mfsbb.
zfidb hstb yfsr bf hstb. zfidb htsk hfLA sp,
( s9 y7 ts>y9$# b>u ! A$ytu y$utxu 5u A| )
(- )t>RQ$# r& O$tr&u N& y79x/u
zKGf{, zfmfv bfmfp, zfmfv jcvhfbD, zfmfv uDhb hQ zfmfv mvB

dhwufrfsbv iadkiftj zffrv ubA; k]fv sjfb wvDj sb. zfdm
ns zfdl rsqdY hQ zfdm zfknmiGBjfvDslv iaKm. (nCvf zfbzfm
162-163 zfqfk)
nrnaf iftsbv dhLfb
110
sk sjfb nslr sb sp, ntfsm druvD W ntfmD mfn W hYv kKf

kfvDJ hAhrfv jvf hfbDq. kf hfl dlsq dhLmGDv kfvDJ hAhrfv jvf
iasqfub YfVf ShL bq. kf nsW druvD wkfD hf nrnaf iftb jvfv
kvDjf ntfsm sb. nckvfQ htf hftA sp, dhufdkv nft, wkfD hf
nrnaf iftb jsv zKhf kfslv kf iftb jvf slsJ kfslv nfK dlsq
{nh W zfbl jvf ShL bq.
hAfifsv wfqJ hsb duhvDb hstb }
jfsIvslv sjfb {nh-zbcfsb mcndtmslv zQwoarB jvf ufsqp bq.
kfslv nfsK nfmfduj dwfyfv hufq vfJfv JfdksvW nh bh zfdhjxk
zShL zbcfsb spfo slWqf zffrv dhLfsbv nci tQOb. zfnmfbD
djkfhnmCsr hQ zffrv wvDqsk Lvsbv jfpG-jtfi ShL rWqfv
sjfb iamfB sb. hvQ rt dhLmGD Jxfbslv fdhk hQ ntfmD
wvDqk hdrHCGk jmG. hAfifsv mrfb zffrv sjfb zbcmdk sb.
zfv sk sjfb nslr Kfjsk ifsv bf sp, dhLmGD-zdhwfnDslv njt
zbcfb hf kfslv zbA sjfb l-{nsh zQwoarB jvfv mfLAsm
iajfvfsv kfslv zfdhjxk zShL jfpG-jtfsi Djxdk W nmKGb kKf
dhufdkv kf'pDm W nmfb iajfw rsq Kfsj. nckvfQ its[
zfsqfduk sjfbvi zbcfsb zQw sbWqf hQ hAfifsv sjfb iajfv JcwD
W zfbl iajfw jvf mcndtmslv ubA niCBGvsi rfvfm.
mcndtmslv jkGhA rt, Wslv dbLGfdvk {nh-zbcfb huGb jsv
dlbdesj hYsvv zbAfbA dlsbv mk nfLfvB jde dlb msb jvf hQ kfv
dhswN sjfb vk hf ShdwA zfsY hst LfvBf bf vfJf.
mfblfv mcndtmoB skf ntfmD wvDqk jkGxj dbLGfdvk dlbnmCsr
zfbl isHfo jsv Kfsj, iviv sHYf (W lczf) dhdbmq jsv hQ
kfsk sp nh bfmfp W hflk zfsY kf iftb jsv l lXpfib jsv. zfv
mrfb zffr nhG.
111
Wdtdij {nh
Wdtdij somnX rt iafyDb oaDsn iadk yfv h{nv zv zbcdk

zfuGfdkj DVfiadkspfdokf hQ 1896 dJaf rsk zfv iadk yfv
h{nvfdj dhwDVfiadkspfdokfv bfm.
Wdtifn rt iaLfb iaLfb oaDj slhkfv zfhfnvsi idvodBk oaDsnv
jdkiq ihGskv bfm. hfsh Wdtdij somnX-v nijG dj oaDjslv
LmGDq {nshv nfsK. zfvhD dhwsjfsN hckXvn hcfbD hstb, ` njt
sJtf iaKmk} DbD sswA nxd jvf rsqdYt.' (lfsqvfkct mfzfdvdIt
ntfdmqAfr 4/685)
zfv ubA DbD-lxdsjfB sKsj Wdtdij somnX zbcdk jvf, kfsk

vfuSbdkj vk slWqf hQ kfsk zQwoarB jvf mcndtmslv ubA lcde
jfvsB ShL bq }iaKmk} sJtfv zfnt hcdbqfl rt siZdtjkf W dwjG. zfv kfv
smZnm oaDjslv jfsY jde vkiCBG slv smZnm hst mfbf rk. zk}iv
kfslv dbje sKsj svfmfb W dJafbvf oarB jsvsY.
dkDqk} Wdtdij kfv iafyDb bfsm zfuW iadn zfsY; sp bfm dbsq
kf zfvH rsqdYt. zfv kfv iafyDb bfm zhdw Kfjf jKfv ltDt
rWqfv ubA psK sp, sJtf mcndtmslv ubA zShL W bfufsqp.
Nfshk dhb pfrrfj hstb, zffrv vnCt -v pfmfbfq j hAd
bpv mfbt sp, sn hcqfbfr bfmj ufqofq jde ]e jcvhfbD (brv) jvsh.
nckvfQ stfjde bhD -v jfsY sn sn jKf sJ jvt (hQ sn bpv
iftb jvsk sjfb hfLf zfsY dj bf, kf ufbsk yft). bhD
stfjslvsj dufnf jvstb? snJfsb dj ufsrtD pcsov sjfb iCuAmfb
iadkmf dYt? stfsjvf htt, ùD bf.' dkdb icbvfq dufnf jvstb,
snJfsb dj sn pcsov sjfb l (smtf) rk? stfsjvf htt, ùD bf.'
112
zffrv vnCt htstb, kfrst kcdm skfmfv bpv iftb jv. spsrkc
zffrv bfIvmfbD jsv sjfb bpv iftb jvf pfsh bf hQ zflm nfsbv
nfsLAv hfsv mfbf sjfb bpv iftb jvsk rq bf. (zfhC lfl 3313bQ, kfhfvfbD)
rflDn fvf ufbf sot sp, sjfb dbdlG fsbv zkDskv sjfb
wvDqk-dhsvfLD; spmb smtf (hf vn) kAfdlv nfsK nijG Kfjfef
jKfv ltDt sp, snJfsb sjfb wvDqk-nmk jfuW jvf pfsh bf. zKy
bpvjfvD pJb mrfbhD -sj Iskfqf dufnf jsvdYt, kJb wvDqkdhsvfLD sjfb jmGjf mucl dYt bf. nckvfQ fsbv nfsK nix rWqfv
dHdsk pdl sjfb dudbn rfvfm W dbdN rsk ifsv, kfrst dbsuv iafyDb
bfm W DbD iakDsjv nfsK nix rWqfv Ist sn dudbn zdLjvsi
rfvfm W dbdN oBA rsh.
htf hftA, Wdtdij somnX skf nhGdlj sKsj dbsuv iafyDb dkrA W
vi dbsq zfuW hkGmfb zfsY. spmb v iafvdHj sfLsbv nmq
zfsbv dwJf dbsq slZVf rq, iaskAj yfv hYv iv zKGf{ im hYsv kf
zbcdk rq hQ kfsj kfv iafyDb bfm `Wdtdij' bfsm ufbf W iayfv
jvf rq. (slJcb } mfuffkct hfqfb 144 nQJAf, wf'hfb 1421dr}, 26-27ix},
zIflfvD qf shpfvD, mfjnClct rfnfb IfqpD 285ix})
mfkxdlhn
dikfmfkfv ndrk nfsbv nijG vsv nijG. hYsv jhfv zbcfsbv

mfLAsm sn nijG hufq jvfv sjfb pcd mcndtm nfsbv jfsY Kfjsk
ifsv bf. sp nfsbv mfsqv ilkst vsqsY shsrX, sn nfb hYsv
jdlb mfkxdlhn iftb jsv hfjD jkGhA sKsj itfqb jvsh sjb?
zbcfb kfslv iasqfub, pfslv Ffbf shv rsk mf-hfsiv hfnf sYsV
sV pfq. mf-hfi rsk lCsv sKsj siadmjf zKhf Dv nfsK Ov-nQnfv
jsv. pfvf mf-hfsiv dJlmk dj dudbn kf ufsb bf. pfvf hx mf-hfhfsj
113
Osv bf svsJ hx-sJ]fqfsV hlD svsJ zfsn. pfvf hYsv rqskf jhfvW mfhfsiv syrfvf lwGsbv zhnv zKhf syf vfsJ bf.
dj sp nfsbv mf-hfsiv nd zffrv nd, sp nfsbv mf-hfi
jfsIv rstW kfslv nfsK lcdbqfq nfsh hnhfn jvsk htf rsqsY, sp
nfb mf-hfsiv zbcmdk YfVf (bIt) durfslW spsk ifsv bf, sn nfb
`mfkxdlhn'-v zbcfb iftb jsv dj jvsh? mf-hfisj nfvf hYv sJfw
bf svsJ jdlb irfv-iCuf dlst dj kfvf sJfw rsq pfsh? bfdj kfslv
iadk njt jkGhA iftb rsq pfsh?
ksh sjb jcnfbslv mk ncnfbvfW sn dlhn iftb jvfv ubA iff
LsvsY? ntfsmv dbslGw dj kfslv ubA psK bq?
sjb mcndtm nfb zfu dhufdkv zfbcjvB jsv? sjb dhufdkv
iaskAj iaKfsj tcsI dbsk iaodk msb jsv? sjb sn zfu rDbmbAkfv
dwjfv? kfv Db dj idviCBG bq? kfv jfsY dj ntfm msbfbDk LmG bq?
ksh sjb dhufdkv odtjf-iahfsr iahfrmfb rsq dbsuv jDqkf dhtDb
jsv sItsY?
htf hftA sp, dhufdkv zbcjvsB dlhsn mfsqv ubA irfv-nfmoaD
siw jvf, mf-sj dbsq zfbl-zbcfb jvf, Jfn jsv dlsb mfsqv nf[f{
jvf kAfdl dhlzfk W rfvfm. (slJcb } IfkfWqf ntfdmqAfr 1/124, mfumC
IfkfWqf, hsb NfmDb 3/301)
dhw-Hfstfhfnf dlhn
nfvf dhsw zShL iaBq hf Hfstfhfnfsj idh jvfv ubA, zShL siasm
pchj-pchkD, kvB-kvBD W djswfv-djswfvDsj zbciafdBk jvfv ubA,
ixdKhDv Sbdkj ydvsv w hQ hAdHyfsvv dEsjlfvvf spmb siadmjsiadmjfv ubA bfbf iayfv-mfLAm, vMmrt, ifjG, nmc-Snjk, dUt W
ihb iaHxdk vybf jsv svsJsY, dEj skmb vybf jsvsY zShL siam
114
ShL jvfv dhdH zfb-jfbcb, SkvD jsvsY siam iajfw jvfv W Ufdtsq
sbWqfv mk mfvj-dlhn. Hfstfhfnf dlhn mb jde dlhn.
14 sIhaqfvD iftbDq dlbde dj dJafbslv. sj Wslv HfNfq
(Valentine Day) hst. l iafq 1700 hYv iCshG nxd rq. sn
nmq svfmfbvf dYt siZdtj. Valentine bfmj nfLc dJafb LmG
oarB jvst nvjfv kfsj mxkcAl slq. ivhkGDsk svfmfbvf dJaLmG oarB
jvst kfv mxkcAv dlbsj siasmv wrDlslv mvsBv dlbvsi iftb jsv.
zfv kJb sKsj yftc rsq pfq Hfstfhfnf dlhn.
svfi W zfsmdvjfq dlhn nfmfduj W zKGSbdkjHfsh hV pk
W vk sisq pfq.
zhwA dlbde svfmfbslv bfvD W dhhfsrv slhD mdrmmqD ucsbf
(Juno)sj mvB jvfv ubAW idhvsi ifdtk rsq Kfsj.
zfsvf htf rsq Kfsj sp, jlf svfmfb nmafe (jfdFn) svfsmv njt
icvNsj pcsv ubA iak rsk zfslw jvst zsbj icvN kfsk zfoar
slJfq bf. jfvB dhswNB jvst ufbsk ifsv sp, sn njt icvNvf rt
dhhfdrk hQ kfvf kfslv D-ic sYsV spsk vfdu bq. ubA nmafe
dhhfr dbdN sOfNBf jvt. dj pfuj Valentine nmafsev sn zfslw
mfbsk zDjfv jsv hQ sofisb sofisb oDuGfv msLA stfsjslv dhhfr
jfu ni jvsk Kfsj. Jhv sisq nmafe kfsj soaIkfv jsv 269
dJafsv 14 sIhaqfvD kfv iafBl slq. zfv kfv iv sKsj kfv mvsB
dlbsj siasmv dlb hst iftb jvf rq.
zk}iv oDuGfv kvI sKsj 1969 dJafs eftDsk Valentine
Day iftb nvjfvDHfsh h jsv slWqf rq. spsrkc kfslv msk sn
{nh dYt Db W ydv-dhsvfLD zhfh ijKfdHdj. dj nfLfvB
stfsjvf kf zfuW ipG iftb jvsk Kfsj.
115
dlsb ifdJvf dbu dbu nD dbhGfyb jsv hst vijKfq hdBGk zfsY.
dlsb (nfLfvBk} zShL) siadmj-siadmjfvf siam-rlsqv nkkf hA
jsv Kfsj. Hsqv mfsU siam-iaDdkv zDjfv bhfqb jvf rq. sj
zbAsj iaDdkv nflv nHfNB ufbfq.
dlsb siadmj-siadmjfv mfsU oaDdeQ jfFG dhdbmq jvf rq. sn jfsFG
dtJf Kfsj (Be My Valentine) zKGf{, zfmfv HAfstbefb rsq
pfW. dtJf Kfsj siasmv bfbf jdhkf, ofb, swfj hf sYfe hfjA.
siadmj-siadmjfv mfsU tft Ict (softfi) dhdbmq jvf rq.
siadmj-siadmjfv mfsU sjj, dmEf W yjste dhkvB jvf rq.
dlsb mqvfvf tft vsMv dmd (hf sjj) SkvD jsv. kfv isv
siasmv iakDj rlq zb jsv.
oaDdeQ-jfsFG, {nh-st zKhf zbA fsb siamslh (Cupid)-v
Ydh hf mCdkG fdik rq. zfnst kf rt jde Ffbf-Wqftf dw; kfv rfsk
zfsY Lbcj hQ sn siadmjfv rlsqv iadk kDv dbwfb tfdosq zfsY.
dlsb siadmj-siadmjfvf zfbl iajfwfsKG isK-ifsjG-mqlfsb shv
rq. umfsqk rq bfe jfh W dhdH srfsest. yst dFaX, FAfnX W
hAdHyfsvv dhvfe Lcm!
zfidb pdl ndkAjfv mcndtm rb, kfrst zfidb htcb bf, mb ydvdhbfwD {nh dj sjfb mcndtm pchj-pchkD iftb jvsk ifsv?
jub mcndtm dj dhhfsrv iCshG sjfb bfvDv nfsK zShL iaBq W nijG
oVsk ifsv?
jub mcndtm dj sjfb dhufdkv {nsh zfbdlk rsk ifsv?
jub mcndtm dj dbu jDqkf dhdjsq isvv Y]fsy oVsk ifsv?
spsrkc kfv bhD sp hstsYb, sp hAd sp ufdkv zfbcviA zhtb
jsv, sn hAd sn ufdkv jub. (zfrmfl 2/50, zfhC lfl 4031,
nrDt ufsm' 6025 bQ)
116
zffr mcndtm pchj-pchkDsj ncmdk dlb. zfmDb.
sfLbD zbcfb
mndul, mffnf zKhf zbA sjfb Ov hf iadkfsbv jfu dbqdmk yftc hf

zfvH jvfv ubA zbcfb jsv mDtfl isV zKhf dIkf sjse zKhf rfk
kcst ufmfzfkD mcbfufk jsv sfLb jvfv iaKf ntfsmv bq. iaKf
zffrv vnCt hf nfrfhf W kfshbslv pcso iaydtk dYt bf hQ idh
wvDqsk v sjfb zbcsmflb sb. zkh kf zfmfslv Hfstf msb jsv
jvf dhlzfk rsh.
sjfb nfrfhDv hfdVsk bIt bfmfp iVfv ufqof dbdlG jvfv ubA
mrfbhD -v snJfsb dosq bfmfp iVf hQ hfdVv stfsjv sn ufqofsj
mchfvj hst oarB jvfv ltDst mndul-sfLbD zbcfb ShL rsk ifsv
bf. jfvB, kf skf zfnst nfLfvB mndul bq. kf dYt dbYj bIt bfmfp
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hjGk sbWqfv sswA jfsj lfWqfk slWqfW ShL bq. hjGk sbWqfv
sswA sjfb hV hAdksj lfWqfk dlsq sFsj sb Lcm jsv sfLbD
zbcfb jvst kf dwjG hst idvodBk rsh. (IfkfWqf ntfdmqAfr 1/18, 125 })
mndul nfr
mndul hf kfv idvjfv-idvYkfv vk zfsvfi jvfv sswA
`mndul-nfr', hx[ svfib W kfv iadk pk dbsk c jvfv sswA
`hx[-nfr' hf nfr jfthAfiD dhdH zbcfb W Dibfv mfsU zbA
sjfb nfr iftb jvfv sjfb dHd wvDqsk sb. pdl kf wvDqk fb
jsv dbdlG nfsr kf slv mk iftb jvf rq, kfrst kf dhlzfskv
117
ipGfqHc. spsrkc sp sjfbW jmG fvf mfbcN zffrv hflk jsv zKy
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(mfumC IfkfWqf, hsb NfmDb 2/300, zft-mcmsk' 5/148)
i[fsv pdl sjht ifdKGh dlj sJqft jsv njt jsmG mfbcNsj
zbciafdBk jvfv sswA ifdKGh sjfb zfyfv-zbcfb jvf rq, kfrst kf
dhlzfk hst oBA rsh bf.
rfdbmcb W dhhfr-hfdNGjD
dhhfr-hfdNGjD hf dhhfsrv kfvDsJ iaskAj hYv lidkv dbdlG

zfbslf{nh iftb jvf ntfm hdrHGCk jmG. fmD-Dv nfu-nfv nfsK
zfbl jvf sjfb slfsNv jKf bq. slfN rt dbdlG jsv dhhfsrv dlsb
iaskAj hYv sn iaKf iftb jvf, pf nfLfvBk} dhufdkv. zfv kfsk
vsqsY dhufdkv z zbcjvB; pf rfvfm. (slJcb } mfumC IfkfWqf hsb
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rft Jfkf hf bkcb Jfkf
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slfjfb Hfstf ytsh hf Jsv shwD rsh.
zsbj slfjfblfv dhdH dhNqsj kfv slfjfb W hAhnfv ubA zH
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kf oarB jvf rsh bf hQ ivjfst sn rsh [dkoaslv zHGc. (nCvf
zfst-mvfb 85 zfqfk)
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jv. skfmvfW k]fv ifnj bW, p]fv ifnbf zfdm jdv. zfdm kfv
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p]fv ifnbf zfdm jdv. skfmfslv LmG skfmfslv hQ zfmfv LmG zfmfv
(jfsY diaq). (nCvf jfdIvb)
(3) LmGdbvsi[ mfsb } ntfm LmG rt nhGswa W mrfb zffrv msbfbDk
122
LmG. LmG dhNsq sjfb hfVfhfdV sb, sufv-uhvld sb, nfialfdqjkf sb.
zbA LmGfhtDslv nfsK ifwfifdw wfdsk hnhfn jvsk ifsv mcndtm.
zbA LmGsj ofdt dlsk ifsv bf. dbsuv jDqkf hufq svsJ zivsj
srlfqfskv iK sldJsq nWqfh tfH jvsk Hct jsv bf.
mb zsKG LmGdbvsi[ dj sjfb dwjGD hf dhlzfkD zbcfsb zQwoarB
jvsk ifsv bf.

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