WORKSHOP SAFETY

REPORT (JJ303)



NAMA : MUHAMMAD AKMAL B. MOHD GHAZALI
NO. PEND. : 01DKM13F1016
PROGRAM : DKM3A






INTRO

In industry and colleges, accidents are unfortunately all too
common. They vary in degree from the trivial to, in exceptional
circumstances, fatalities. In the main these accidents are caused
by ignorance, horseplay or abuse of machinery and/or
equipment. Engineering workshops are common in small and
medium-sized businesses across the country. The machines in
such workshops perform a large range of tasks. These include
welding, sawing, guillotining, grinding, drilling, painting,
radiography and bending.
Engineering workshops are therefore potentially hazardous
environments. An organised approach to health and safety is
critical.










THE LAW

The law sets out a range of requirements:
Create a written health and safety policy for an engineering
workshop with five or more staff
Keep this policy updated
Produce a Risk Assessment
Make the local HSE (Health and Safety Executive)
inspector aware that the premises are an engineering
workshop
Display a current employers liability insurance certificate
if there are employees
Display a Health and Safety Law poster or give staff a
Health and Safety Law leaflet
Notify the authorities of certain injuries, events and
occupational diseases
Make staff aware of anything that may affect health and
safety
Make staff aware of any health and safety information and
training
HSE Inspectors enforce the law. They may arrive at an
engineering workshop without prior notice. Inspectors may wish
to inspect health and safety arrangements or investigate
accidents.




ACCIDENTS

Accidents sometimes happen no matter what health and safety
measures are in place. Managers or supervisors mustRecord and
Report Accidents and learn from them.
An emergency plan can help deal with accidents. A plan can be
invaluable when there may be a need to rescue staff, coordinate
emergency services, and when there are risks to the public.
A plan should take the form of a series of emergency
procedures:
Assess what might occur
Decide who should raise the alarm and how
Work out what to do in an emergency, and draw up a plan
that helps the emergency services locate premises and
understand the layout
Establish places of safety in the event of an accident
Arrange for any necessary rescue equipment and
emergency lighting








Cutting and Welding
Operations

Introduction
Welding and flame cutting operations are hot work processes
supported in the Thayer Machine Shop.
Safety Overview
Potential health, safety and property hazards result from the
fumes (metal vapors), gases, sparks, hot metal and radiant
energy produced hot work. Hot work equipment which may
produce high voltages or employ the use of compressed gases
requires special awareness and training. The hazards associated
with hot work can be safely reduced through a combination of
adequate facilities, training, work practices and protective
equipment (PPE).
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
prohibits cutting and welding operations unless appropriate steps
are taken to minimize fire hazards. These requirements are
specified in 29 CFR 1910.252 (general requirements) and 29
CFR 1910.253 (oxygen-fuel gas welding and cutting). Please see
the attached codifi






GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

GENERAL
a. To prevent injury to personnel, extreme caution should be
exercised when using any types of welding equipment. Injury
can result from fire, explosions, electric shock, or harmful
agents. Both the general and specific safety precautions listed
below must be strictly observed by workers who weld or cut
metals.
b. Do not permit unauthorized persons to use welding or cutting
equipment.
c. Do not weld in a building with wooden floors, unless the
floors are protected from hot metal by means of fire resistant
fabric, sand, or other fireproof material. Be sure that hot sparks
or hot metal will not fall on the operator or on any welding
equipment components.
d. Remove all flammable material, such as cotton, oil, gasoline,
etc., from the vicinity of welding.
e. Before welding or cutting, warm those in close proximity who
are not protected to wear proper clothing or goggles.







PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

a. General. The electric arc is a very powerful source of light,
including visible, ultraviolet, and infrared. Protective clothing
and equipment must be worn during all welding operations.
b. Helmets and Shields.
(1) Welding arcs are intensely brilliant lights. They contain
a proportion of ultraviolet light which may cause eye
damage. For this reason, the arc should never be viewed
with the naked eye within a distance of 50.0 ft (15.2 m).
(2) Being closest, the welder needs a helmet to protect his
eyes and face from harmful light and particles of hot metal.
The welding helmet (fig. 2-1) is generally constructed of a
pressed fiber insulating material.
c. Safety Goggles. During all electric welding processes,
operators must wear safety goggles (fig. 2-3) to protect their
eyes from weld spatter which occasionally gets inside the
helmet.
d. Protective Clothing.
(1) Personnel exposed to the hazards created by
welding, cutting, or brazing operations shall be
protected by personal protective equipment in
accordance with OSHA standards, Subpart I, Personal
Protective Equipment, paragraph 1910.132.




VENTILATION

Natural Dilution Ventilation
Weld out of the plume. Use a tight fitting welding helmet to
shield you from the plume. By opening doors, windows and
other openings in a building's structure, fresh air can be added to
an area to decrease the concentration of an airborne contaminant
and eventually remove it. This type of ventilation is generally
considered the least effective because there is no direct control
of how the airborne contaminants will move through the work
area.

Natural dilution ventilation should not be used to ventilate
confined spaces, an area that has a structural impediment to
natural airflow, or when the airborne contaminant contains a
carcinogenic substance, or other substance of high toxicity. See
CSA W117.2 for specific guidance.




Mechanical Dilution Ventilation
Mechanical dilution ventilation uses wall fans, roof exhaust
fans, or other mechanical means to prevent airborne
contaminants from entering a worker's breathing zone.
See the OSH Answers on Industrial Ventilation for more
information.
Local Exhaust Ventilation
Local exhaust ventilation (LEV) is always the preferred method
of removing welding fumes and gases. It exhausts or removes
the toxic gases, fumes, dusts and vapours before they can mix
with the room air.
A well-designed welding helmet can help reduce a welder's
exposure to welding fumes by diverting the plume away from
the welder's breathing zone.











SOURCE

http://www.arcraftplasma.com/welding/weldingdata/genera
lsafety.htm
http://www.safeworkers.co.uk/safety-engineering-
workshops.html
http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/safety_haz/welding/ventil
ation.html