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B9l6f

FIRST GREEK

READER:

jfor i^t

(*ls

oi

Bt^oah.

O^

BY

AKci). H^BRYCE,

LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.8.E.

RECTOA OF THX EDLNBtrBOH COLLEGIATE SCHOOL.

Cljirt ^Tiitiou.

T.

NELSON AND

SONS,
;

LONDON: PATERNOSTER ROW;

AND NEW YORK.
IfDCCCLXXn.

EDISBURaH

Ik

"^xdRtt.

This volume

is

at once a

Grammar, a Header, an
Its

Exercise-Book, and a Vocabulary.

fold
:

aim

is

two-

flexions of

to

To give a complete view of the InNouns and Yerbs, with a careful regard simplicity and clearness and, Secondly, To supply
First,
;

a series of interesting and easy lessons in continuous

reading.

In the grammatical part of the work care has been taken not to overload the text with minutisD

and

exceptions,

which serve only to confuse and

;

bewilder the beginner

but to afford merely the

in a First
arrancred,

amount of information considered necessary

Course.

The Nouns and Verbs

is

are so

that each class of Inflexions

distinct
;

kept separate and

and numerous Exercises follow each parafixed in the

is

digm, in order that the characteristics of one group

may be
Third

mind

of the pupil before bis

attention

invited to another

The Nouns of the

classified

Declension

have been

on

plan

iv

PREFACE,
it is

which,

hoped, will lead to a due appreciation of

the peculiarities belonging to that multiform division.

(See, especially,

Appendix,

p,

160.)

The Verb has been

earlier Exercises,

set forth in one tabular view,

little

and has been introduced as

as possible in the

from the conviction that the method

of teaching

it

piecemeal, and in a desultory manner,

without any regard to similarity of stem or of meaning, is certain to result in

confusion to the pupil and

disappointment to the master.

Adjectives should always be taught simultaneously

with Substantives, and each gender-form by

as suggested in the text (Section
II. 6,

itself,

and

III. 8)

but to afford

facilities for

comparing form with form,

and to gratify those Teachers who

may

prefer the

old mode^ paradigms have been printed in full declension at p. 43, sqq.

In the section on the

Com-

parison of Adjectives, a

new arrangement

has been

proposed, which aims at giving simplicity as well as

symmetry

to a chapter of

Greek grammar hitherto

unnecessarily complicated,
principle.

and devoid of unity

of

The Rules
simple,

of

Contraction will be found

brief,

and comprehensive.*

They have been

bor-

rowed, with the kind permission of the author, from

* It must be borne In mind, tliat in regard to the Rules of Contraction, of Euphony, <fcc., as laid down in this first coni'se of Greek lessons, all the roinutiw and exceptions are not glTen; the less common peculiarities belonR to a second course, or to a systematic and complete Grammar. The principles set forth will- it Is believed, be found to cover everything required in the use of this volume.

of Accent,

PREFACE.

^
Rev.
I)r.

a forthcoming Greek
of Belfost.

Grammar by the
I.

Bryce

The Exercises of Part

are intended mainly as

a praxis on the Inflexions, and to this end the strict

logical

arrangement of the Sjmtax has been entirely

subordinated.*
fore

The Rules of Construction have

there-

been introduced in such order, and to such an

extent, as has been

genei-al plan,

deemed most

consistent with the

to rapid progress.f
difli-

and most conducive

The

sentences,

which by easy steps increase in

selected, as far
;

culty,

have been
authors

as possible, from

classical

but the choice of words and of

appropriate phrases has been veiy

much

restricted

by

peculiar features in the design of the work.

The

names

of familiar objects,

and words of frequent

works dealing with

occurrence in general reading, claim a primary place

in the Vocabulary of elementary

a foreicrn lan2aias:e

and such have therefore been

taken from the

chosen in preference to more rare and more dignified

terms.

They have been

largely

Reading Lessons of Part

II.,

in order that the prin-

ciple of frequent repetition

may have

as

much play

as possible

and

that,

when

students arrive at the

more
the

difficult

task of unravelling complex sentences,

often

recurring faces of old friends

difficulties,

may, by

diminishing their

sf

encourage them onward

A companion volume to the present is in preparation, which will assume the form an Exercise-Book, and in which the Syntax will be the primary object of attentioa A brief rtsitme of the Sj-ntaz of Simple Seatences win be foond in the Appendi:.

PREFACE.
in their labours.

Sentences of an abstruse or philo-

sophical kind, such as too often form the staple of

Introductory Readers, have been avoided, as tending

rather to repel than to invite the young.
lish portions of

The Eng-

the Exercises are meant merely as

examples for imitative practice, and are not intended

to

supersede

the

use of a methodically arranged

"Vocabularies have

Manual of Greek Composition.

not, for

very obvious reasons, been attached to the

Exercises, but

have been supplied at a

different part

of the book, p. 164.

It
is

of the utmost consequence that, in studying

daily,

a foreign language, pupils should

very
facts
first,

and from the

and

make

practical use of the principles

which they learn from the Grammar.

For such

pi-axis short

and easy clauses

are, in

the earher stages,

indispensable, but it is possible to continue their use

to

an unnecessary extent, inasmuch as the power of

difficulties

a boy to grapple with the

sentences
is

of complex

by no means

in proportion to the time

It has therefore

spent in analysing simple sentences.

been deemed prudent to introduce promiscuous reading lessons as soon as the learner has fairly got over
the Parts of Speecli and their companion Exercises.

And
is

thus the Extracts forming Part

II.

have been

chosen with this view, that, while the pupil's ingenuity

exercised in the discrimination of

mixed grammati-

cal

forms and the analysis of compound sentences, his

PREFACE.

Vfi

mind may

at the

same time be

interested in the

subject-matter of his task, and his ambition not dis-

heartened by any great syntactical

difficulties.

In

some of the specimens, a

struction
less
is

little

irregularity of con;

occasionally observable

but this

is

of

consequence than at a more advanced stage in a

Poetry, and detached pieces of

youth's progress.

dry

historical detail, have, for

very evident reasons,

been excluded.

To Part

II.

a few brief Notes have

been added.

The Greek Vocabulary has been constructed on

the principle of giving the primary signification of

each word, even though the word be not found in

that sense in the Extracts ; and of tracing the derived

meanings so far as

is

necessary to illustrate the differit will

ent instances in which

be met with.

Limited

space, however, has greatly restricted the carrying

out of this idea to an adequate length

which

is

the

more
as a

to be regretted, since the value of the process

mental exercise can scarcely be over-estimated.

The principal laws of Euphony and of Accentuation

have been given in an Appendix rather than in their
proper place, that the period and the
introduction

mode

of their
to the

may

the more distinctly be

left

Teacher's

discretion.

Those

gentlemen, however,

who have
more
place,

charge of large

classes, will find it

much
and,

satisfactory to content themselv&s, in the first

with thorough driU in the Inflexions


PREFACE.

when

these are once mastered, the doctrine of the

Accent and the principles of Euphony will be acquiped

with comparative
confusion in the

ease,

and with

infinitely less of

mind

of the young.

If the ear be

accustomed from the beginning to the proper accent,

the subsequent learning of the rules will be a very

easy task indeed.

HiOH School of EoiNBURan,

June, 1862.

NOTE.
In the first two editions of this work a slight deviation was made, in the arrangement of the Cases of Nouns, from the order usually followed. The change was determined on after mature deliberation, and after a highly satisfactory trial with a large class but at the urgent request of many Teachers the Editor has been induced to revert in the present issue to the old estabThose, however, who prefer the new arrangement will find lished order. This is not the place to enter into the the Nouns so printed at p. 223. more subtile arguments, logical and philological, which may be advanced in favour of the alteration for a few of these the student of maturer years
; ;

is

referred to the preface of Professor Madvig's Latin

Grammar, Wood's

translation, second edition.

The

considerations which will weigli most

with Teachers in adopting the change are those of convenience and mnemonic utility. It may therefore be laid down, generally, that the more the forms of Cases are reduced in number, or the more that like Cases are

grouped together, even though not reduced in number, the simpler does Thus the forms of the system of Declension become to the learner. Neuter Nouns are acquired with much less difficulty, and retained with much more ease, than those of Masculines and Feminines, from the fact that they have really only three Cases, fi'^X-ov, fjiijkov, /liiKt^: for it mnst be remembered that "a Case is not the word used in a certain conBtrnctlon, but the word used in a certain form by virtue of the constmotion ;" and that, consequently, " there are no more Cases in a language

PREFACE.

IZ

than there are distinct forms of Cases." Again, in the Dual, in all Declensions, the advantage of this arrangement is so obvious that it has

Bat if we fullow this long since been adopted by common consent gronping principle farther, we shall also find it of great service in the Thns, in the First Declension, Declension of Masculines and Feminines. it b an invariable rule that the Vocative and Acctiatztive /oQow the Nomir ue., i) and rp in the Nom. have if natioe both in vowel and in quantity ;* in the Voc. and i;f in the Accos. ; d has d and dp ; a and as have a and

as

or; and, accordingly, in such

Nouns
Sifj)

yX&rra and So^a we

shall find,

by themIn Nouns of the Third Declension, like /jLorris and Tiix}n, in which the last vowel of the stem is changed in the Nom., the three Cases (Nom., Voc, and Accus.) which take ( and i; respectively, are brought together, and those (Gen. and Dat.) which retain the last vowel of the stem are in like manner brought together as, fidm-s, fjuijm, fidjrri-w; ftdjrre-tin, fidpre-i: *"^x''"*f
by
the

new arrangement, all

and those with
rj

the Cases with a (5^a, Sd^a, d6$iw)

selves,

(56|i7S,

by themsetves.

x^x""'; ''^^"'^j ^^"'- The large class of Adjectives in -vt (as y\vK^) may be here noticed as adding strength to this argument, and the two Irregular Adjectives, roXvi and /liyai in which, so arranged, all the irregularities are set side by side, and are thus more easily remembered. And here it will be remarked, that in the Nouns just referred to, the beginner has only one change of vowel to recollect, since the stem (juurre-, yXvKe-, toXX-, fieyaX-, &c) which appears in the Gen. and Dat. continues throughout the Dual and Plural ; whereas his difiSculties are much increased if he is required to chop and change from one to the other. Syncopated Noims, as fi'^rip, &yfip, kvup, and also words like ^Oi, ypaOs, and patrikeCs, supply similar arguments, which will be
rijxu,
;

readily appreciated.

Again, when the Teacher proceeds to inculcate the principles and rules he will find that, by this arrangement of Cases, he will save much labour both to himself and his pupils. Thus, in words accented
of- Accentuation,

like

together,
like

avX^ and <tkuL, the acuted Cases (Nom., Voc, and Accus.) come and the circumflexed (Gen. and Dat.) together ; and in those 7\a>rra, 5ov\oi, H7J\oi>, and ivdfxitroi, the Cases similarly accented
together, (with, of course, the slight exception in the plural.)

come

So

in the large classes

and &tip (uc, syncopated Nouns and those with dissyllabic Genitives and Datives), the Cases (Nom., Voc, and Accus. of all Numbers) which retain the accent on the radical syllable follow each other and those, on the contrary, which agree in throwing forward the accent on the inflexion (i.e., the Genitives and Datives of all Numbers) follow each other in immediate sequence.
of
fiifrrip
;

Notms represented by

tlie

* Except, of course, those three claaBes of Vocatire in i.

Noans

fai

ms.

Section IL

6,

which bare


X
Many
PREFACE.
other arguments, deduced from special cases, might be brought
it is

forward, but
for himself,

unnecessary.

and the Latin language

The observant student will note such will supply him with many similar

reasons.

One practical objection may be urged against the proposed change, namely, that as Lexicons and Dictionaries give the Genitive Case, confusion will be caused to boys between it and the Accusative. But it will be at once acknowledged that this objection has force only in the case of
those

who have

not thoroughly mastpred the Inflexions,

and of such

there should be none.

%l

anUntii*

PART
SBOTun

I.

THE PABTS OF SPEECH.

Fmb
Letters and their Divisions,
...

L The
IL
First

...
...

... ...

...
...

9
IJ

Declension Examples and Exercises,

IIL Second Declension

Examples and
...

Exercises,
...

...

...
..

.~
...
...

18
21

The

Article,

...

Attic Second

Declension Examples and Exercises,

...

21

IV. Third Declension,

...

...

... ...
...

...
... ... ...
.

28
23

Class

I.

Of Nonns Examples and Exercises,

Present Indicatire Active of Verb,
Exercises,

24
25 27

Class

n. Of Nonns Examples and

Nonns

...

Examples and Exercises, Class IV. Of Nouns Examples and Exercises,

Class III. Of

...
...

...
... ...

30

Class V.

Of Nouns Examples and Exercises,

Indefinite Pronoun, t,
...

...
.. ...

31
33

Interrogative Pronoun,
Accus., Gen.,

n's,

...

...

33
33

and Dat. Cases

Proper Meaning
...
... ... ...

of; ...
... ...
...

Class

VL Of NoonsExamples and Exercises,

Exercises,
... ...

35
37
39

GassVIL Of NounsExamples and

V. Contraction, Rules
of,
... ...

The Relative Pronoun,

...
...
...

... ... ...

... ...

41

VL

Adjective Nounc,
Class
Class
I., ...

...

...

42

...
... ...

~.
...

...
...

47
47

II.,

...
...

... ...

Class ni.,

...
...

...
...

VTL Comparison

of Adjectives, with Exercises,

... ... ...

...
...
...

48
53

niL The Numerals,

IX- The Prononns

...
...
...

... ...

Examples and
... ...

Exercises

54 67
60

The Dative CaseVarious Uses o^

X. The Vert,
...

...

... ...

~.

~.

Xii
Bbctiok

CONTENTS.

XI. Pure Verbs

Class

I.,

with Exercises, with Exercises, with Exercises,

... ... ...

...
...
...

-..

Taom 68

XIL Mute VerbsClass

II.,

...
...

7J 79
85

XIII. Liquid Verbs-Class

III.,

XIV. Passive Voice, Middle Voice, and Deponent Verbs, with Exercises,
Miscellaneous Exercises,
...
...

... ... ...

... ... ...

...

87 89
100

XV. Verbs

in

-/xi,

with Exercises,
in
-j.i,

...

XVI. Irregular Verbs

..

PART
L The
III.

II.
&c.
...
..

EXTRACTS FOR READING,

Witticisms (of Hierocles),
...

..."

...

107 110 116

123

n. Anecdotes of Philosophers, Statesmen, and Kings,

Fables of
iliiop,
... ...
... ... ...

...
... ...

... ...

... ...

rv. Dialogues of Lucian,

NOTES TO PART H.
L To
II.

the Witticisms (of Hierocles),

.

...

...
... ...

...

... ...

141

To the Anecdotes,

...

... ...

... ...

148
144

III.

To the Fables

of .sop,

...
...

..
...

IV.

To the Dialogues of Lucian,

...

...

.a

146

APPENDIX.
EuphonyRules
Accents
of,
... ... ...
...

...
...

...
...
...

...
... ...

... ... ...

158
154

Rules

of,

Syntax of Simple Sentences

Synopsis
...
...

of,

...

156 160
161 164

Third Declension in Latin and in Greek Compared, Contracted Verbs, Table

of,
...
...

... ...

...

...
... ...

...
...

Vocabularies to the Exercises,

...

General Vocabulary Greek, General Vocabulary Enqush,

...

... ...

.> ...

.. ...

178

...

216 288

The

DfiOLRNsioNS, etc.,

with tub Casks ts ak Altebkd Oedra,

...

Sxigcjtstions to ^tRc^txB WisiriQ

tfeis

gxrok.

1.

The Masculine Nouns

till

of the First Declension should not be

learned
2.

the inflexions of the Second Declension are well known.

better omitted until the
of all the declensions are thoroughly mastered.

The Attic Second Declension wiU be

common forms
3.

Let Adjectives be learned simultaneously with Substantives, itself, the pupil being always required to name the substantive-paradigm whose inflexions are found in the

and each gender-form by

adjective.
is

If the three genders are learned all together, the pupil

confused in the multiplicity of forms, and the declension of an

adjective becomes to

him

little

more than the

repetition of a rhyme,
is

which must

all

be gone over before the required part

produced.
is

The
4.

practice of declining an adjective along with

a noun

very

useful.

Since the Exercises on the Verbs are purposely less full than
it will

those on the other parts of si^eech,

as the

be advisable that, so soon

Nouns

of the Third Declension are learned, a small portion

till

of the verb Xi5 be prescribed daily, familiar to the student.

it is

the whole Active Voice

is

The Verb

is

the great puzzle to boys, and

it

therefore of the utmost consequence that

be learned very
will find the

gradually,

and impressed very

if,

surely.

The Teacher

best results follow,

in declining verbs, the pupils are

made

to

append an accusative or other appropriate case to each form ; as, Xi'w rbp iir-rop, I unyoke the horse; XiJeis rhv Ixtop: xuTTei/w r^ ifyeijubn, I trust to the guide ; xurrevofup r^ Tjyefiivt, we trust to the
guide,
5.

&c
List of

The

Words belonging

to each Exercise (see Api)endix,

p. 164, seq.)

should be thoroughly learned and frequently repeated

class

and when the

his pupils,

has reached the connected readings of Part IL

the Teacher should continue this vocabulary-practice, by giving to

with shut books,

now

the English, and

now

the Greek

words of every lesson, requiring in reply the corresponding terms

XIV
6.

BTTGGBSTIONS TO TEACHEES.

And

Jie

should not only employ each reading lesson as

still

vocabulary, but he should also, with books

it

as to

examine upou the incidents mentioned, just as he would question on a

closed,
last

section of history.

From these

two devices, which should as often as possible be

:

practised even in the highest classes, the most gratifying results

have been found to flow

strued,

a large

stock of vocables and phrases

is

soon acquired, making each succeeding paragraph more easily con-

and providing ready materials

for

Greek composition
reads,

the

powers of observation are very

sentiments of the author

much

sharpened, and even the most

heedless compelled to attend to

;

what he

and

to analyse the

the lazy and the careless, the prepared

requisite check

and the unprepared, are at once discovered, and the

simply appKed.


%S
ihr

FIRST GREEK READER.

PART

I.

THE PARTS OF SPEECH.

SECTION
I.

THE LETTERS.
1.

The Greek Alphabet

:

consists of twenty-four

letters
U|i(iais.

Small leuen.

ProonncUtion.

KasM.

Ckpiuk.

SiiulU letten.

Pronandatiou.

Name.

A
B
r

a
/3

Alpha.
Beta.

N
1-^

Nu.
Xi
0-micron.

X
o

7
S

g
d
e

Gamma.
Delta.
E-psilon.

A E
Z

n
p 2

X
p

p
r

PI
Rho.

H
e
I

i
n

z
e

Zeta.

o-or? s

Sigma.
Tau.
U-psilon.
Phi.

Eta.

e
I

th
i

Theta.
Iota.

T Y
<J>

T
V
<P

u ph
ch
ps
o

K A
M

k
1

Kappa.

X
<fr

Chi.
Psi.

X
/*

Lambda.
Mil

^
(1)

0-mega,

;;

10
2.

FIRST GREEK READER.

The

letters are of

two

classes,

Vowels and

CoTir

sonants.
3.

The Vowels

t]

are seven

viz.

o
ft)

always short

always long
variable,
i.e.,

representing either

short or long sounds.

4.

Consonants are either

(1.)

Semivowels,* X,
Mutes,
TT,

yu,
/c,

a/,

/o,

?
5

or,
'^

(2.)
5.

cj);

7,

^' ^

The Mutes admit

(2.)

of a double classification

(1.)

According to the organ by which they are proAccording to the degree of breathing
;

nounced; and

employed in
LABIALS.
TT

their utterance
PALATALS.

thus,

LINGUAL

DUSITTALS.

T
S

Light or sharp.
Intermediate.

jS

4*
6.
"^5 ^5
\|/'

7 X
to
TT?, /??,
/C9,

Bough

or

flat.

^ are double consonants, being equal

<p9

(pronounced as

tt?).

^
7.

to

7?, x? (pronounced as ks).

crS.

^ to S9 or

Diphthongs are composed of two vowels comhas two characteristics :

is

A vowel sound

First, It

comes freely in pronunciation

can be prolonged. The SciBivowe)s possess this second property, and hence their name of " ?ial/ vowels." The Semivowels A, /tt,
and, Secondly,

When it

once fonned

it

V,

p are also called '^Liquids," vypd, t.e., the watery letters, from the facility with which they change their position in a word without essentially altering the word, or

diiiguising the proper

$.ra-<TKii>),

stem

thus, O-ap-aos
:

is

also written 9-pa-a-o<;

9-vi^-<TKia

(Doric,

has

its

2 Aorist i6-av-ov

fi'om t-re-s, in Latin,

we have
and

t-er

and

t-er-<us;

In Scotch, t>-ur-nl

and

b-ru-nt.

Compare

in English cent-re

cent-er.

tl28)

FIBST

GBEEK EEAUKR.

11

bined together in pronunciation.

kinds,

They are
otherwise

of

two

Proper Genuine and Spurious. The first vowel of a Diphthong is called the Prepositive, the second the
called

and

Improper,

Subjunctive.

Genuine
.

et
:

ev

oi
(f>

ov
cov

ai
,

av
.

Spurious
8.

rt

n^

and

[rjv)

In the Genuine Diphthongs

both vowels are

short,

and are therefore of eqvxil weight; but in the Spurious the first is long, and therefore in pronunciaoverbalances
is

tion

the succeeding short,

which, in

consequence,

not heard
is
i,

When
it is

the Subjunctive of
its

a Spuiious Diphthong

written bel<nv

com-

panion vowel
capital letters;
9.

(i

subscript),
j?,

as,

(not

iji),

but

except in the case of

'Ht.
is

vowel at the beginning of a word

marked

with a breathing.
asper),
',

The rough breathing

(sjriritus

made thus denotes that the vowel sound is to be preceded by the sound of the English h; as, iiTTo = hupo. The smooth breathing (spiHtiis lenis), merely indicates the absence of the made thus
*,

rough;
10.

as, air 6

= apo.

The breathing is marked over the second vowel of a Diphthong as, avXtj. 1 1 The letter v at the beginning of a word has always the rough breathing; and p, though a consonant, is similarly marked, as, p^Tcop = rhetor.
;
.

* Observe that the Spurious Diphthongs are made from the Genume by siicply
lengthening tha short Prepositine into
its

corresponding long; thns,

becomes

p,

and

01,

e|> ;

ev, rfu,

and

ov,

uu

(128)

; ;,

12

FIRST GREEK ERADEK.

12. There are three Genders

nine, Neuter.
1 3.

of one,

There are three

the Dual, of

Numbers

Masculine, Femi-

the Singular, used

two and no

mon'e,

the Plural,

of

two or more.
14. There are five Cases

Nominative,
The

Vocative,

Accusative, Genitive, and Dative.

15.
to

There are three Declensions.

is

declension

which a noun belongs

known by

the inflexion

of the genitive singular. 16. There are eight Parts of Speech

SECLINABLB.
:

INBBOLIBABLB.

Substantive (Noun)
Adjective (Noun), including Article
;

Adverb
Preposition
Interjection

Pronoun
Verb.

Conjunction.

SECTION

II.

FIRST DECLENSION.
1
.

The nouns
Nouns

of this declension end, in the nomit],

native singular, in one of the four terminations,

T]i,

a,
tjg

ap.

in

tj

and a are feminine; those in

and ay are masculine.*

Eyery declinable word may be divided into two parts, the slem and the inThe stem is that part which remains unaltered throughout all the cases and numbers, as avX- in auX-^ the inflexion is that part which suffers change, as, -T), -rjs, -a, -OH', -lav, <fec. The Stem of a noun may be ascertained by taking away the inflexion of the genitive singular, e.^., from -<rict-as take away -as, and aKv
*
flexion.
:

retnaiiu as the stem

from avA-^s take away

-i)s,

and aOA- remains.


FIRST GREEK READER.
BIKOPLAB.
(1.)
DtTAI..

13
PLURAL.

N.

avk-i^,
a court.

avK-a,
rwoconrta.

avX-ali
courts.

G. aiJX-^y,
of a court.

avK-alv,
of

av\-oiv^
of courts.

two

courts.

D.
A.

av\-rj.
to or for a court.

avX-aiVf
to or for

ai/X-af?,
courts.

two

to or for courts.

avK-riVf
a court.

av\-a,
two
courts.

avK-a^,
courts.

V.
2.

avX-rj,
court.

avK-a,
two
courts.

avX-aly
courts.

Those nouns which end in a (Alpha) preceded by a vowel or p, retain a in all the inflexions.; e.g.
SINOULAK.

DUAL.
tTKl-OLi

PLURAL.
(TKl-aiy
shadows.

V. G.

CTKl-aj
a shadow.
(T/ci-af,
of a shadow.

two shadows

(TKl-aiVy
of two shadows.

CTKl-WV, of shadows
(TKi-al^,
to or for

D.
A.

<JKL-S,
to or for a shjidow.

(TKl-aiVf
to or for

two shadows.

shadows

(TKL-av,
a shadow.

(TKl-a,
two shadows.

(TKi-ai,
shadows.

In like manner

is

declined (rcpdip-a, a ball.

3. But if final a of the nominative be preceded by a consonant, appears instead of a in the inrj

flexion of the genitive

SINGULAR.
(3.)

and dative singular

DUAL,
. ' J
,

as, PLURAL.

N. kY*y\oyTT-a{oT t(or)
'yXtc (r(r-o) -o),
a tongue.

-.

two tongues.

tongues.

G.

y\(jyTT-r]^,
of a tongue.

yXdoTT-aiv,
of

yXoyrr-wy,
tongues.

two tongue*.

D. yXcoTT-rj,
to or for a fOiigue.

y\wTT-aiVf
to or for two tongues,

yXwTT-aiq,
to or for

tongue*

A. yXwTT-av,
a tongue.

yXwTT-a,
two tongues.

yXcoTT-a^,
tongues.

The

Attica preferred tt to

aa in words

like the above.


14
4.

FIRST GREEK REA.DER.

Masculine nouns

in

;;9

and
y

as

make

theii

genitive^in -ov, but in all other cases are declined

like feminines in
t]

and

a,

the

of the nominative
:

being dropped in the vocative singular

SINGULAR.

DUAL.

PLURAL,

(4.)

N.

Te\u)V-r]g,
a
toll collector.

T\u)V-a,
two
toll collectors.

TeXwj/-at,
toll collectors.

G. Te\(iov-ov

Te\(i)v-aLV

TeXft)J/-CtiJ/

D.
A.
V.

TeKdov-r]

TeXdov-aiv

reXtoi'-atf

TeXcov-rjv

re\wv-a
rekodv-a
veavl-a.
two young men

reXtoP'-a?

Te\wv-ri
veavl-as,
a young man.

Te\wv-ai
veavl-aif
young men.

N.

G. veavi-qv

veavl-aiv veavl-aiv

veavi-wv
veavl-ais

D. veavl-a A. veavi-ay
V.
5.

veavl-a
veavl-a

veavl-as
veavl-ai

veavl-a,

But
(1.) (2.) (3.)

the following, though ending in -^s in the

nominative, have the vocative singular in -a:

Nouns

in

-tj/?,

as vavT-t]s, voc. vavr-a.

T,Kv6-t]s, voc.

National names, as

J^KvO-a.

Verbal nouns (compounded of a substantive

and verb) which are formed by

-tjs

adding

to the last consonant of the

verb, as aproTrcoX-fis,

a degler

i/n

bread:

voc, aproTTooX-a, from aproTrcoX-eco.

6.

The feminine forms

famous,
like

of adjectives, in

-ij

or -a,
;

are declined like the substantives given above

kXsiv^,

as,
;

No.
No.

ayla, holy, like No. 2

Tracra, all, every, like

3.


FIKST GREEK EEADEB.
7.
its

15

(Syntax) Rule
substaTitive

I.

An

adjective agrees with

;

own
8.

in gender, number, and case

II.

as,

ay 109

Oeog

ayiai Qeai.

(Syntax) Rule
;

The prepositions,

iv,

in,

among

and

avv, together

with (Latin, cum), govern

the dative.

EXERCISE L
(1.)

T^i/* na-^rjv.

T^9

avKri<s-

T^

i^opri,

rj

Qtikij.

Ta<s Kopa^.
S6vr]v.

TOO {Ta)'f QrjKa.

irvXai.
crvv rrj

Tu>v KOpo)u.

ttjv o-^ei/-

ai

t^?
Koprj.

(reXj/fi/y.

tuiv Kopaiv.

ev

rrj (TKtjv^.
'TTvXaig.

crvv

tui^ Kopaig.

ev Tai^

ev

rp

f^otyjl'

^^ eu

Taig ^tjXai^.

avv ral^

pvfx(pai9.
ro)

Tas Mz/i^a?.

rp

CXrj.

t^? aSeXcprj^.

(ra) aSeXcpd.
(2.)

rrjg ifirj^ ae\(prjg.

fjLvia.

TO) (ra) fivla.

Trjs
(rxiai.

fivca.

rrji'

\atav.
{to.)
Trj

TOO (to) 6ea.

t^v ^aa-iXeiav.

to)

jrapeid.

ttiu irfipav.

t^9 Ovpa?.

Ta^ Ovpa?.

avv

OTpaTia.

TaU
tu^

Trapeiai^.

iv Trj oe^ia.

ev oe^ia. ev rj/

Twv ayKvpwv.
Trpwpa.

cripaipa^.

t^? crcbaipa^.

ai dupai.

Taiv Qvpaiv.

The maidena The (two) maidens. With the fly. With the (two) flies. The moon {accus.) A ball The ball The (two) balls. With the balls. In the ball. Of the doors. The doors. The door's. The doors'. The two In the cottages. cottages. The two queens. For the queens. queen Of the army. In the armies.
Of the
battle.

In the

sling.

For the Inflexion of the Article, see under Second Declension

consult Appendix, p. 156.

and

for its usca,

t The

Attics generally

make

tbe nominative and accuaotire dnal feminine of

tlie

article tw,

and not

to.

16

FIRST GREEK EEADER.

EXERCISE
(3.)
rj

II.

oLKUvBa.
Trjv

OLKavOai.

TpaireXa.
Trjv

^ TpaireXa.
ev

r^9

cLKavOrjg,
Trjs

ykwTTav.
ai

aKavQav.
Ttjv

t^

rpaTre^rj.
TO)

yXooTTrj^.
T^/^'

uKavOai.

So^av.
(rvv

(to) luaTa.

jmatav.

avv

rj?

MoJcrj;.

rai<i Xeaivaig.
Trj

rwv

fiat^MV.

ev rat?

tpair item's.
co

ev

y\u)TTr].
(4.)

TU3 (to) ToaTreca.

Twv yXooTTMV.
iroirjTriv.

vavrt]?,

6 vavTf]?.

top

Troirjra.

To^v vavTcov.

T(p vavTt].

TO) TTOirjTa.

01 ZjKvuai.

ev

TOis ^KvOai?.
TO)
2/ci;0d.
(Tvv

avv
ot

tw

Tiepcrri.

w Wepaa.
oea-TTOTa?.
to

Tlepcrri.*

vavrai.

Toi/s

^KvOa.
tco vavra.

2/c(vOa.-f-

TOi? TToX/rat?.
-JToklTOW.

vavra.

TOV vavTOV. TWV

CO

TOV oeCTTrOTOV.

TOO TToXiTa.

TToiXlTa.

CO

TToXlTd.

Of a thorn. Of the thorn. Of the two thoma The two Persians. The two thorns. The thorns. Of the poets. Of the Scythian. For the sailors. Of (king) Parses. With (king) Perses. With the Persian. Of the citizen. The citizens (accus.) The For the two The two citizens. sailors (accus.) O O master citizens. Along with the masters.
!

masters

Ye

sailors

poets

Among the poets.

!

The table The Muses. The cakes.

lionesses.

(accus.)

The thorns (accus.) Of glory. O Muses Ye Muses For the lionesses. Of the lioness. The two In the cake.
!

of the individual
f*

* Observe that Ilepo-a is the vocative of tlie national name, a Persian; and Utfxni, name, Perses.

In the vocative of masculines

is

is

short, but

in the nominative, accnaativOi

and vocative dual

long.


FIRST GREEK READER.
9.

17
its

(Syntax) Rule

III.

verb agrees with

subject

in number

arid person;

as, vUij ecrri, Oeou ela-i.

10. earl (3(Z sing.)

means

is;

elai (8fZ plur.),

are

earov (3d dual), they two are.

11.

(Syntax) Rule

IV.

One

substantive go-

verns in the genitive another signifying

thing ; as,
fj

different

rrji

avX^i Oupa.

XSCIS
^
viKtj

nL
fj

ear]
tj

kXcivi^.

rj

Oed eorTiv ayla.

Qvpa

ecnriv

evpeta.
evpeia.
rj

Qvpa t^? auX^?.

^ Oupa Ttj^ avXrjg ecrriv

ai

ai Ovpai i<r\v evpeiai.

ecTTi

aKavOai eiai

^*]pai.
jJ

TrJ9 Kopr]^ KOfJ-rj

^avd^.
ev

at Oeai eicri crefivai.

evpe'ia

aeXi^vr]

(tt\

(pavepa.

r^

Qvpa.

<rvv

raig

Kopai^ Tat^ KoXais.

elcri
T]

to) w/J.(pa ecrrov aefxva.

al

<TKt]vai

viai.

f]

vXij

ecm
rj

Tpayeia.

ev Ttj

Tpayeia
tj

vXrj.

(TCpaipa

e<m

Xeia.

Trt'ipa ccttl Kevrj.

Ttjg Koprj^

irrjpa (TTi Kevrj.

al irapeiat Ttjg Kopr]^

eicri fivTai.

ei(ri

\eiai.

ev

Tai9 vXais TToXXa/

T]

al aKavOal

eicriv o^eiai.
rj

ireSr] ecrri a-Kkrjpa.

to) ireBa ecrrov <rK\t]pd.

e/xri

aSeXcpT] AfaX7 ecrnv.

The wood is dense. The The two goddesses are wise. The balls are smooth. The The table is beautiful sailoTS are foolish. The poet's purse is master's table is beautiful empty. The saUors' wallets are empty. The tongue The cakes are on the table. of the lioness is parched. The flies are smaU. The queen's cheeks are pale. The The tongue
is

long.


18
lioness is in the

FIRST GREEK READER.

ploughman's

Persian (king)
Perses
gates
!

is

in the wood.

is

in the wood.

O
a

The army of the The army of (king) Perses, the army is at the
tent.
is

Persian,

lioness

in

the cottage

Sailors! the anchor is in the fore-part-of-the-ship.

SECTION

III.

SECOND DECLENSION.
1.

Nouns

of this declension end in the nomina-

tive singular in either -o^ or -ov.

Those in

-os are

masculine or feminine; those in -ov are neuter.

Neuter nouns have the nominative, accusative, and vocative, alike in all the numbers, and in the plural these cases end in a.
2.

N.B.

SIHOOLAE.

DUAIi.
,

PLURAL.

(1.)

N. SovX-09, masc.
a slave.

^ovk-w.
two
slaves.

SovX-oi,
slaves.

G. Sou\-ov

OOvK-OLV
Sov\-oiv
SovX-u)

oi)X-uiv

D. oov\-o)

SovX-oi^
SovX-ov<}

A. Sov\-ov
V. Sod\-
SINGULAR.

SovX-oo
DUAL.
/xi?X-a),

SovX-oi
PLURAL.

(2.)N.A.&V. m\-ou,}aeut.,
an apple.

mX-u,
apples.

two apples.

G.

luriX-ov

jUi^X-oiv
fJ-rfX-oiv

/U^X-tOJ/
liii^X-ois

D.
3.

IxrjX-w

Adjectives whose masculine and neuter end in

-ov, respectively, are

-09

and

declined like substanin -09 haa

tives

of this declension.

The masculine


FIRST GREEK READER.

19

the same inflexions as ^01^09; and the neuter, the The feminine of such adjectives, same as /i^Xov.
in
-T]

or -a, belongs to the First Declension, as already

in Art. 6 of preceding Section.

remarked

EXERCISE
(1.)

IV.

Tou aerov.

SovXe.
linrov.
01 KrJTTOl.

Tov oovKov.
01

tw tw

SoktvXo}.
linrui.

Tta oaicTvXu).

do

tu>v oovXwv.
"nr-irov.

tov

SouXoi.
01

tov Xcvkov
KrJTTOl.

tov k^ttov
TOU?
tTTTTOl/?

KoXoi

ACaXo) /C^TTW.

TOiv Sov\oiv.
Geu).

Toii aerocg.

T019 XevKoig aerots.

a>

tco

Tw
Ta

deip.

avv

tm

Oew.

Oeog*
Seiirvw.

(2.)

TO Swpov.
fjLtjXa.

Swpov.

t()

to

/j.i]\ov.

H^Xa.

tw

^vpco.

Ta ^vpa.

twv

cowv.

to

^yXXa.
nrXolov,
(Tvv

Toh
(o

fi^Xoi^.

TOiv ^vpoiv.

tov Swpov.

TrXola.

Toh ^vpoh-

w Xo/o). tw TrXoto). twv oenrvcov. ^v Tw irXoiffi. avv T019 /jlj^Xoi^. avv

TOtV TtXoLOIV.

The two eagles. With the two horses. Of the horse. Of the horses. For the eagles. In the gardens. The egga The two apples. The white horse. The small boat. The white eggs. The eagle's eggs. The eagles' white egg& The gods (accus.) For the
slave.
4.

In the apple.
(Syntax)
;

At
V.

(ev

or

iirl)

dinner.
uj)

Rule
into,

The prepositions avdi

tJie

aloDg
5.

and
;

eis,

govern

accusative.
avev,

(Stntax) Rule VI.

avTi, in front of
;

The prepositions
a-jro,

without

away from

k {or

' 0ot (like Deus in Latin) has the Tocatire tbe same as the nominatiTe ; so aisc

^Otx, often, but not alwaya.


20
e^) out
of, i.e.,

FIEST GREEK BEADEB.

from the midst of;

epcKa,

on account
Kal,

of

and

6.

govern the genitive. (Syntax) Rule VII. The conjunction

irpo, before,

and, connects words

7.

and clauses co-ordinatively. (Syntax) Rule VIII. Since two singulars are

equal to a plural, two singular subjects connected by

a co-ordinative conjunction
yjirja-iixol eiari.

(kui, &c.) have a verb or adjective in the plural; as, 6 tTrxo? koL 6 ovoq

EXERCISE
o oouXof Tov yecopyov euTi

V.

ttictto^.

ol opoi eicrlv iv
ftiKpol

Tw TOV larpov
i(Ti.
rj

/cj/tto),

ol Sa.KTv\oi

tov avOpcoTrov

yvaOos

T>]s Koprj^ icTTi

fxaXoK^.

ot linroi

tov
6

Kvpiov
pcofios
eicri.

elcriv ev tvj vXrj.

to) ovca ev

tw
rj

ki^tto)

ea-TOV.

TOV deov

ecTTLv lepos.

al yvdOoi Ttjs

'Ittttov

juaKpai
Ittttov

6 jnoa"^og <ttiv ev

tw

vaw.

-^aiTt]

tov

e<TTi oacrela.
ecTTi.

6 Kvpios cruv to?9 SovXoig ev

Ta

Tfjg oacpvi]^

(pvXXa ecrrt*

^t]pd.

tw aypSr ev tw tov
Koptjg 6(b-

laTpov

KTjTTW

aiyeipos ccttl XevKi^.

tw t^?
et?

OaXfiw ecTTOv yXavKw.

eK

ava

Ttjv oSov.

Tag ^A.6^va^.
crvv

Twv

A.6r]vwv.

ava

Trjv elg

Tag

^A^Orjvag oSov.

TW
ywv.

iTTTTw

TOV apoTov.

ava Tovg aypovg twv yewp-

ITTTTOg Kai bvog ev

TW

KrjTTW

elcTI..

ITTTTW KOI OVW.

iTTTTOi
KrjTTOV.

KUt ovoi.
aTTO TOV

cLva

Ta

Trjg

alyelpov (pvXXa.
Tft)l/

ck tov

KTJTTOV.

CK

(bvXXwV.

OV09 KOI

iTTTTog ev Tt] avXrj ei(n.

eig uXi/i/

Kai

eig cTKrjv^v.

KaTa

Ttjv

ayvidv.

* In Greek, neuter plurals usually take the verb in the lingular.


FIEST

GREEK READER

21

The ass and the bandman is foolish.

lioness are in the hut.

The garden

is

smalL

The husThe gods

The poplar tree is smooth. The eyes of the girl are small. The slave's wallet is empty. The husbandman's tables are smooth. The The girl's voice is queen's palace {court) is empty. sweet. The girls and their brothers are in the garThe doctor's horse is in the den of the farmer. The two doctors are in the citizen's court-yard,
are venerable {reverend).

house of the

citizen.

Into the citizen's court-yard.

Out of the hut

8. tive,

poet's hut.

Away

from the ploughman's

The and

article o,
differs

jJ,

to, the or this,

is

an adjec-

but slightly from the regular in-

flexions.

It has

no vocative, and in the masculine

It is declined as follows
DlTAl.

and feminine of the nominative singular and plural

omits the

of the stem.
Neut

8INOT71AR.

PLURAL
Neut
Vaac.

Masc Fem.

Masc

Fem.

Fem.

Nent.

N. 6
G. TOV

fj

TO
T(C

TO)

*TCO (to) T(a

01

ai

TO
tSjv

T79

TOV TOIV
TOIV
TU>

TOIV
TOIV
TU) (to)

TOIV

TWV TWV
TOU9 Tay

D.

Tft)

Trj
TJ/I/

TOIV

T019 Ta?9 T019

A. TOV

TO

tw

Ta

9.

THE ATTIC SECOND DECLENSION.

is

This form of declension

of the more

merely a modification
given in SovXos.

common

inflexion, as

The nouns
in
-cov,

in -wy are masculine or feminine; those

neuter.
See uote
t,

page

15.

22

FIRST GREEK EEADER.

8IN0ULAB.

DUAL.

PLURAL.
Xa'y-ftj,*
hares.

N.

&

V. Xay-wf, masc,
a hare.

Xay-co,
two hares.

G. \ay-u) D. Xay-w

Xay-ftJi/

Xay-wv
\ay-Sg
Xay-tof

\ay-wv
\ay-(o
avcioye-oo

A. Xay-torj*

N. A.

&

V. avooye-wVfiieut.
G. avdoye-oD

avcoye-w

avooye-wp
avcoye-cpv

avwye-wv
avcioye-Me

D. avwye-w

The masculine and feminine of

yecov

adjectives in -ws

are declined like Xayco?, and the neuter like avM;

as tXewy,

tXecoj/,

propitious.
VI.

EXERCISE
OL

\ay(p ev

tw
e/c

ayp/p

eiai.

Tawg

crvv

tw Xayrn
et'y

v TO)

Tov TToXtrov avcoyeo) ean. tov avwyeca.

ol

ava top koXwv.

e/c

TO

av(ay(t)v.

toiu avwyeutv.
elcrl.

to

avwyew
TU)

ea-Ti fxiKpa.

koXw

vioi

at KecpaXai

Twv XayZv

luiKpai

i<ri.

6 Xedo^

ccttiv ev toIs avcoyecps.

Taw
Tft)

ev Trj a\(p ecTTOv.

elai.
rj

aw

to?? raw?,

ol TroXiTai
ecrTi.

ev
r]

TOV Qeov vew

ovpa tov Taw XafXTrpa

ecrTi.

tov \ayw

KepKO^ /3pa-^eia

The peacocks and the hares The sailor is in the upper room.
bers of the house are empty.

are

in the garden.

The upper chamHares are swift. The

two

cables are old

(of the ship).

The cables are in the fore part The anchor and the cables are in the
is

* Observe that wherever there

SovAo9, there
is

an

iota in the inflexion of the

;

common

form, like

an

iota subscript in

the Attic form

thos, nominative plural -oi, in

Attic declension
t

o>.

The

V of tlie accusative

is

frequently drojjped, especially in proper namep.

FIRST OKEK EEADEE.

23

The peacocks axe in the fanner's thrashingThe citizen and the poet are in the upper floor. chamber of the house. Hares' scuts {i.e., tails) are
prow.
short.
.

SECTION

IV.

THIRD DECLENSION.
In the First and Second Declensions the stem of a noun may be easily distinguished even in the nominative; but in the Third Declension it is so
J
.

disguised,

by

the

omission of consonants
that
it

or

the

modification

of vowels,

cannot be

known

The without reference to one of the oblique* cases. following classification groups the nouns of this
declension according to the change which takes place

on

the stem
(I.)

in the nominative.^

The First Class contains those nouns which Jiave the pure stem in the nominative; as,
2.

SINGULAR.

DEAL,
\eifxo)v-,
two meadows.
Xeifjicov-Oiv

PLURAL.
Xct/ift>j/-ev,

N.

&

V.

Xeifxwv, masc.,
a meadow.

meadows.

G.

Xet/iftJi/-op

Xeifidov-wv
Xei/jLoo-ail.

D.

XeifjLoyv-i

Xeifiwv-otv

A. \eifjLwv-a
*
Tlie accusative, genitive,

Xeifiwp-e
and dative are
;

Xeifxwv-a^

called obiique, or dependent cases, because

subject to the government of other words

the nominative and vocative are called

independent cases, or casus

f-

recti,

because they are not liable to such regimen.

In reading a Greek author, the problem which a

young student
find the

is

most

fre-

quently called upon to solve, in regard to nouns, i^

oblique case," and not rice versa; and
it is

"To

nominative from an

hoped that the arrangement of nouns

but the letters
t, S, B,

adopted In the text will render this a comparatively easy task.

X

The dative

plural ought to be, in

s,

full,

Ksiiiatv-ui.

v w^ere

not allowed to stand before

carefully itoted, as

and thus

it

becomes Aeijxwu

This principle must ba

examples of it are constantly recurring.


24
FIRST GREEK READER.
SINGULAR.
BUAIi.

PLURAL.
Oijp-ee,
beasts.

N.

&

V. 6vp, raasc,
a wild beast.

Onp-e,
two wild

wild beasts.

G. Or]p-6s

Qrip-olv dtjp-oiu

Qrjp-oov
drip-trl

D.

drip-l

A. Qrip-a

Onp-e

Otjp-ai

3.

(Syntax) Rule IX.

Transitive verbs govern

the accusative; as, 6 irais rhv crcpaipav pcirrei.

4.
is

The present

indicative active of a
:

Greek verb

declined as follows

Singular, XeiTT-oo,
I leave.

XeiTT-eis,
thou leavest.

XeLTT-ei,
he
leaves.

Dual,
Plural,
XeiTr-ofxeVi we leave.

XeiTT-eTOV,
you two
leave.

XeiTT-erov,
tliey

two

leave.

XeiTT-ere,
you
leave.

XecTT-ovaiy
they leave

In like mauner decline

e^co,

have.

EXERCISE
Orjpog.

VII. Qrjpe.

Tou

Orjpog.

Toov

^(fjvoov.

too

tou

^^j/ap.

Sio^Kei

Ta9

^(fjvai'

^ Koprj SidoKei tol^ x^J'ay.

oiu>kov(ti.

Tovi -y^vas.
oicoKovQ-t.

01

vavrai tovs )(^vag

oi

O^pes

T0U9 avdpwnrov^ ev r^
elcTL.

vXri.

ot O^pes ev T<p

XeifJiiavl

ol SovXoi
oi

oiwKOVcri
lepot
Xeifxoovi

tov Qrjpa ck tov

eiai.

XeijULoovos.

fitjvei;.

jutjves

T(vv

Oriptjov.

6 -^v

(7VV

TOts

Orjpcn. ev

tm

ecrri.*

aTVO tov
a plural

singular subject followed, as here, by

<ruV,

with a noun,

may have

verb, 90 that <7ti

may become

elaL

JXRST GRFTKK BEADEB.

\e//xco/oy.

26
Xeifiiaia.

^ Kopij SiwKei fiviav

elcri juviai.

am

lov

it

Tofy XeifiuxTi TToXXal

6 laTpos top Xayoav

The head of the goose. The wild beast's taiL The tails of the two wild beasts. The saUor hunts The lioness pursues the wild beast into the hut. The Greeks pursue the the goose into the court Persians into the forest. The meadow is smooth. We are hunting the peacock up the garden of the
Greek.

We

hunt lionesses in the

bull pursues the

forests
is

of the

Scythians.
the
girl.

Scythian! the wild beast

pursuing

The

farmer along the

road.

(II.)

5.

To

the

Second Class belong

y

those nouns

which in the nominative add

J7joa)-y,

to the pure stem, as

^pio-og.

In

many nouns
\|r,

the final

y is

com-

bined with the preceding consonant into one of the

double consonants, ^ or
for yvTTs.
BIXOULAR.

as Kopa^ for Kopcucg, yvy^f

DUAL.
tjpco-e
two heroes.

PLUKAk
^pQ}-S
heroes.

N.

&

V.
G.

VpO}-9,
a hero.

r]pu)-o^

f]pU)-OlV

rjpu>-(jov

D.
A.

tjpw-i
yjpoo-a

fipw-oiv

^p(0-(Tl

ijpa)

ijpoy-e

j]pa}-as

N.

&

V. yv\ir
G.
yuTT-os

yvTT-e

yvTT-es

yvT-olv
yvir-olv

yvir-wv
<yir\|/-/

D. yvT-l
A. yvTT-a

yuTT-e

yvir-a^

26
6.

FIRST QEEEK READER.

The accusative
-i?, -1/9,

singular of the Third Declen-

sion

usually ends in a: but

-avg, or -ovg, it

when
takes

the nominative
v

ends in

instead of a;
^ovv.

OS, Ki^, kIv\

i')(Ov^i

ly6vv\ vav^, va\jv\

jSoi/?,

On

this last example, see p. 37,

SINGDLAE.

No. 18.
PLtJRAIi.

DUAL.

(3.)

N.
G.

i)(6v-s,
a
fish.

masc,

i)(6u-e,
two
fishes.

ixOv-es
fishes.

ix^vSf

i-)(6v-os

l-^Qv-OLV

l-^Ou-oov
l-^Ov-cri

D.

l-^Ov-L

I)^6v-01V
l-^Ov-e

A. l-^Qv-v
V. ixOu

lyQv-a^
iy(6v-S
fiv-es
mice.

i-^Ov-e

= i^^vy = c-)^6us
fivs

N.
G.

imv-e,
a moose.

masc.

fiV-,
two mice.

IUiV-69
fJLV-i

fJiV-OlV
fJLV-OlV

fXV-WV
fjLV-cri

D.

A.
V.

/ilU-V

fiv-e
fxv-e

fxv-as

fiO

UV-S

= imvs = fivs

EXERCISE Vni.

Tov

r]p(i)09.

Tov
6(00?.
eicri.

Sfxooa.

TO) ijpooe.
(Tva?.
01

twv

Odocov.

01

uvKT^pe^ TOV
ev TU) Xeifxcovt
Ktjina eicri.

Tovs

^^ve? tov yewpyov

o 6u>g Kai o

cry? ev

tw tov lUTpov
Tfj avXrj eicri. Ttj

01 ijpcoe?

aw

T0I9 vavTai? ev
eicri.

at KOjuai
ecTTi,

Twv

^pvocov

^avOal

6 i)(6v? ev

OoXoltti^
julvo?.

(Tvv

T019 fivai.
eicri.
rj

ava tovs juvKTijpai tov

yuTrep crKXrjpoi
(TTi.

yXuiTTa tov yvTrog Tpayeid

Kopatce? ev Ttj vXtj
elcri
elarl.

01 yvire<s
!

Kai

01

eig

KopuKa? *
* This
is

01

/ut.vpjUL}]Ke9

cro(^oi.

at TTTepvyes tov
Compare the Latin

a kind of imprecation, like our " Go, be lianged."

phrases, Abi in

malam partem: Abi

in tnalam

crucem

Paste corvM.

FIKST GREEK. READKB.

27
elai.

KopaK09 Kal at rov yviro?

ficucpai

ai

(pXe^e^

Tov (TKvXaKog

eiai Kevcu.

ol

vavrai /xa-^aipa^ e^ovai.

Jackals are

fierce.

The

citizen

hunts the jackal

out of the garden.

geese

Two

vultiu-es are chasing the

The girl is chasing a mouse hunt wild beasts in the He crops the vulture's wings. The girls are foresta The two chasiDg the flies away from the bread

up the meadow.

throuo-h the court.

We

gh-ls are cutting

the

flies'

wings.
forest.

{King) Perses

is

pursuing

a jackal

in

the

daughter leaves the bread in the hut.

eating
thief.

The farmer's The mice are

the loaves.

The

citizens are pursuing the

(III.)

7.

In the Thied Class are included those

final
;

nouns wliich have the

ened in the nominative

vowel of the stem lengthfrom stem

iroifxev-

as, ttoijul^v,

as found in the genitive, Troi/nev-os.

SINGULAR.
DVJlL.

PL1TKAL.

N.

&V.
G.

iroifXTjv,

masc,

TTOifjLev'e,

iroiixev-e^t
shepherds.

a shepherd.

two shepherds.

TTOLfieV-O^
7roifJ.ev-t

-KOifiev-oiv
TTOlfXeV-OlV
TTOifxev-e

iroifxev-Wi/
TTOifie-a-t

D.
A.
Note.

TTOifiiv-a

irot/xev-as

But
;

nouns that have not the accent on

the vocative
pnrop.
3
as,
Sai/juov,

the last syUable of the nominative have the

pure stem in
Salfiov
(128)

voc.

prjToop, VOC.


28
8.

FmST GREEK READER.

To

this

class

belong syncopated nouns like

e

traTrip,

which
but

throw out
is

in

the

genitive
is

and

dative singular.

In the dative plural a

substi-

tuted for

placed after the p, and not before

it:8iirauL4.B.

DUAL.

PlitJRAL.

N.
G.

^i.r]Trip,

firjTp-
two mothers.

lurjTep-e^
mothers.

a mother.

lut.t]Tp-6s {f^OT /J.r]Tep-os)

fjLt]Tp-L

firjTep-otv IXr}Tp-OlV
fJir]Tep-

HirjTep-wv
/ULr]Tp(X-(Tl

D.

(for fxrjrep-i)

A. fxrjrep-a V. ixrirep

jxrjrep-a^
fitjrep-e^

/J.t}Tp-

N. avrip* masc,
a

avSpe,
two men.

avSp-i,
men.

man =

Latin, vir.

G. av-S-p6i
D. av-S-pl

avSp-oiv avSp-oiv
(for

6.vSp-S)V

avSpd-a-i

A. au-S-pa
V.
avep

avepa)

avSp-e
avSp-e

avSp-ag
avSp-ei

In

Kvcov,

masculine or feminine, a dog, the syncope

the cases except the nominative and
:

occurs in

all

vocative singular
SINQULAR.

DUAIi.

PLURAL.

N.

KVCOV,
a dog.

Kvv-e
two dogs.

KVV-S
dogs.

G. Kvv-6s

KVV-OIV

KVV-0)V
KV-<Tl

D. KVV-i A. Kvv-a
V. KVOV
* It often happens that /ii or v brought Into contact with another
is,

KVV-olv
Kvp-e

Kvv-ag
Kvv-es

Kvv-e

liquid.

by the omission or transposition of a rowel, Such a combination of sounds was very

it,

disagreeable to a Greek ear, and to avoid

a consonant kindred to the

first

of the

two concuiTlng

liquids

was

inserted, for the sake of euphony.

Thus, after the labia]

FneST GBEEK KEASER.

9.

39

Some nouns combine

III.;

the peculiarities of classes

aiS6-og,

II.

and

thus, aiSwg, gen.

stem

aiSo-,

sense of shame, both adds -9 to the stem, like ^jpw^,

and
like

also lengthens the last

iroiiJ.rjv.

vowel in the nominative,

So likewise aXojTri/^ {i.e., oXcaTrTjKs), gen. aXw-n-eK-og, stem aXwTre/c-, a fox; and all adjectives in
->7?,

as

<Ta(pT]g, aXriOrj^,

&c.

EXEECISE
o Tov avSpoi
vog ^Seid (TTi.
Kopt]?
TTijpav
av-^i]v /raXoy

IX.

e<m. eh

^ dxcvr/ Ttji atjSo-

6 yir^ t^v ar]S6va SiwKei.

to. /ULrjXa

tov

tP]?

avyeva BavixaXoo.
piTTTei.
01

Ttjv

tov

Troi/ULevog

TToi/meveg

avv T019 yeiToai

ev

tm
to)

\ei/ij/i eicTi.

6 TOV TTOifxevo^ kvwv crocbog

ecrri.

TTOijueve

avv Toig Kva\ ev

IJ.VV

tm tov
eaTi.

SecroTov
r]

Kr/iru) eicrt.

6 Kvcov SicoKei

ava

tt]v y^iova.

KaXrj TpiT]prjg Ttjq

^aaiXelag ev
vij-mal
elcTi.
to.'}

tw

Xifxevi

al tov avSpog Kopai

/J.rjTpda-i
rj

at Kopai
^eXioova's

avv Taig

koi

toIs

iraTpaai
aXu)TreKO(f

Oav/JLatovai.
too

KepKog T^y

oaaeid eari.

dXwTreKe ev
ev

Ttj

tov

iroiveco

/uevos

a-Kr]vr]

earov (or
ttoXXoi.

elai).

tw

^A.6T]vdg

Kioveg

eiai

6 tov ttoXitov yeiTcov dXtjO^s

earn (piXog.

The shepherds admire the pillars in the temple of the god. The shepherd's daughters persuade their (i.e., the) father. The swallows leave the house. The queen admires the beautiful triremes. There
ft, iS,

another

labial,

was inserted;
v, S,

as, yofi-t-po^, yofi-poi,

yofi-^poi,

3l

ton-in-latu

while after the lingual

another lingual, was used;

as, av-i-poi, iv-poi,

avS-pof.

So from num-e-r-ui, the French nom-b-rt and our num-&-<r; from ^ren-e-r-M (from yentu) the French gtn-r-t and our gtn-d-tr.


30
are
FIRST GREEK READER.

two beautiful triremes in the liarbour. In Athena was a beautiful temple to Athena. The girl writes in the snow with a rod. The poet writes letters. The girl throws apples into the poet's cottage. The shepherd wonders at the bushy tail of the fox. The two shepherds are shearing the sheep. The dogs are hunting mice in the farmer's
there

garden.

(IV.)

10.

The Fourth Class

last letter of the

includes those nouns

which drop the

native.

stem in the nomi-

Most members of
:

this class

end in

a,

and are

neuter

SIKQULAR.

PXTAL.

PLURAL.

N.

&y.
G.

Hevo(poov,
Xenophon.

masc,

^evoipoivT-o?

D. ^VO(pU)VT-i
A.
^vod)U)VT-a
crco/jLar-e,

N. A.

&

V. cTMiua, neut.,
a body.

(TWfiaT-af
bodies.

two

bodies.

G.

(TCOjUaT-OS
o-co/uaT-i

CrC0/UL(XT-OlV

aQ)fidT-ooi>
(Tco/xa-cri

D.
11.

crcojudr-oiv

Some nouns combine

and
III.
;

the

peculiarities

of

classes IV.

thus, Xecou, gen- Xeo'j/ro?, both

drops the final

of the stem, like lEevocpwu,

ttolixtjv
:

and

also

lengthens the last vowel, like

stem Xeovr-,

with T dropped, Xeov-, and with o lengthened to w,

Xeoow

FIRST
SIKSULAR.

GREEK READER.
DUAL.

31
PLURAL.

N.

Xecov,
a
lion.

Xe'ovT-e
two
lions.

\eovT-e(!
lions.

G. Xeojn--09

\e6vT-oiv

\eovT-<av

D. Xeorr-i
A-

XeovT-oiv

Xeov-ai*

\eovT-a

\eovT-e

\iovT-aq
\eOVT-S
like
rvTrrcoVf

V. Xeov

\iovT-e

So

also adjectives

and

participles

except that tvittoov and other participles have the

vocative in
-foi',

like the nominative.

EXEECISE Z.

TO Tov
apfiaro^.
ITTl.

/cuj/oy
ei'y

(rcofia

ev
to.

tm

irorafiw

ecrri.

k tov

to

apfxa.

t^? ^aXoTTi;? KvfiaTa fxaxpa

KVfXa(TL.

TOl<S

T^? BoKaTTrj^

flieVO(pWVTO<S
ecrri.

ayaXfjLa kuXov ev
TToKi/ Kal fieXi ev

tw

oikw tov iroirp-ov

"yaXa

t^ tou TLepcrqv

(TKrjv^ eicri.

ava

to,

j8i7/iaTa
rj

tou vaov.
TOV XeovTOi Saareid
icrri.

')(aiTt]

yepovre^
eari.

eicri

ripoL
Kofxai

TO TOV

ap'^ovTO'i iStj/ma ev
eicri.

tw vaw
tco

ai

Twv yepovToov XevKai

tou ap-^ovTog

VTTtjpeTa ev
ev T(p
*
tvco

tw

ap/xaTi

eicri

(or ecrrov).
elai.

tw

VTrrjpera

TOV apyovT09 apfxarl

A syllable is called long, either when itivcncel is naturally long

consonant* (not being a mule

(ij,

u, a,

<tc.),

or when

and a

liquid) follow a vowel naturally short.

-ovro--, is long,

Thus, in

the datire plural, Xiovr-ai, the second syllable,

in itself)
is

since o (though short

followed by three consonants;

but as neither t nor v can stand

is

before

?,

both of them are thrown out, and the word

reduced to

Aeo<rt.

In this

form, however, the syllable (-orro--), formerly long, has been reduced to
is

which changed into Its kindred diphthong -ow, so that Ae'ocrc becomes Aov<ru Similarly, nouns whose stem ends in -t make their dative plural in -<i<Tt; and those in -avr in -a<Ti^ Tlie same change is seen in i&nk, a tooth, from stem hiovr- and icTet'?, a comb, from stem icrev- and in participles
-oo--,

short ; and, to compensate for this, the o

is

in -is, as

Tiflet's

for

rifle'iTs.

This principle of compensation

it

is

of very frequent
in-

occurrence in Greek, and the application of

cizplicable.

explains

many

forms otherwise

32

FIRST GREEK READER,

The men leave the bodies of the lions in the The queen admires the lion's mane. The woods. The steps of the mane of the lion is shaggy. The boy eats much bread and altar are steep. The tents of the Scythians are white. honey. Xenophon leaves the land of the Persians. The The girl eats master orders his {i.e., the) servants. The Scythians eat much bread without honey.
honey.
of the
(V.)

Because of the
girl.

lion.

We

admire the eyes

You admire

the nightingale's voice.

12.

To the Fifth Class belong those nouns

(r, S, 6, v),

which drop one dental

the nominative;

or more, before

s in

as, iraig (for 7rai-S-s), iraiSo^',

:

yiya^

(for yiya-vT-^), ylyavro's

SINGULAR.

DUAL.

PLURAL.

N.

&

V.
G.

XajUTTcig, fem.,
a torch.

XajULirdS-e,
two
torches.

Xaixird^-e^
torches.

Xa/uiTrdS-og

\afi7rdS-oiv
\a/ii7rdS-oiv

Xa/inrd-u)v
Xa/ULTrd-cri

D. XajU7rdS-i
A. \a/ii7rdS-a

XafXTrdS-e
opviO-e
two
birds.

XajUTrdS-ag
opvid-es,
birds.

N.

&

V.
G.

opvi<;,

m. or f

a bird or fowl

Opvld-09
opuid-i

opviO-oiv

SpvlO-cov
opvi-cri

D.
A.

opvi6-oiv

opvi6-a,oropviv* opviO-e
/txeXa?,

opn6-as
black,

13. Masculine adjectives, like

participles
*

and

in

-ay

and

-eis,

belong to

this
if

class

Words which end

in a dental

have two forms of the accusative

aa in aanrii,

the accent

ia

not on the last syllable; but

if it be,

shield,

the accusative has onl;

one form, iunrCSa, not

acnriv.

FIBST GREKE EEADEB.

also the indefinite

33
one,

pronoun

r/?,
t/?,

any

a certain

one; and the interrogative

who, which, what.

Indefinite pronoun, t/?, t/?, t/,

SINGtlXAR.
Masc.

a certain one:
DUAL.
Fem.

Fem.

Kent

Masc

Neut

N. r/y
G.
TlV-Oii
TlV-6<i

Ti
Tl V-O'5
TlV-l
I

TlV-

TIV^
TIV-OIV
TlV-OlV
TlV-e

TlV-e
TIV-OIV

TIV-OIV

D.

TlV-l

TlV-l

TIV-OCV
TlV-
PLURAL.

Tiv-oiv
TlV-

A. Tiv-a

Tl

Masc

Fem.

NeuL

N.
G.
D.

Tiv-eg
Tiv-<av
Tl-<Tl

TlV-i'i

Tiv-a

TIV-U)V
Ticr-i

TLV-WV
Tl(T-L

A. Tiv-a?

Tiv-as

Tiv-a

Interrogative pronoun, r/p, who, which,

SINGULAR.
Masc.

what

DUAL.

Fem.
I

Kent
t

Masc.

Fem.

Neat.

N. t/?
G.
Tiv-09
TlV-C

TI9
TlV-09
TlV-l

TlV-e

TlV-e

TLV-O^
TIV-OIV
TlV-
PLURAL.

D.

A. Tiv-a

Tiv-a

Tiv-e

riv-

Max.

Fem.

Neut

N. TtVe?
G.
TIV-WV

Tiv-e^

Tiv-a

D. Ti-ai
A. Tiv-a^
14.
It

Tiv-af
loosely, that

may

be stated, generally and

is

the accusative case

used to

indicate

raovement

34

FIRST GREEK READER.

towards, or movement along; the genitive, to express

the source,
or origin,

or jplace whence;

and the

dative, to denote proximity,

or nearness, or jiuctaTrapd, beside, or by

position.
the side of,
(a)

Hence the preposition

When
of,
i.e.,

governing the accusative,

(to the as,

signifies

motion towards

side

of,

or by the side

parallel to);

Trapa tov Kiova, (mov;

ing) towards (the side of) the pillar

irapa

TOP
(b)

TTOTa/uiov,

along by (the side of) the river.

signifies

When
tion

governing the genitive,

from

beside; as, irapa tov Kiovog,

mofrom

beside the pillar.

(c)

When

governing the dative,

signifies rest at
as,

the side of, near, or

T(p Kiovi, (in

with (apud);

Trapa

po.sition) beside the pillar.

15.

The

preposition Kara,
signifies

accusative,

along,

or

when governing the down along; when

it

governing the genitive,

16. ^u

down from.
or he, she,

means I luas;

was.

^(xav

means they were.

EXERCISE
XI.

cv To5 Xe^rjTi fieXi ^v yXvKu.*

ol Xe^tjre^

tou

I'eo)

XafiTrpot
rj

rjcrav.
rj

oXKaSet TroXXai ev
Kopv^ tov

tw

Xtfievi ^crav.

T acnrh Koi

rjpooo^ viai elcri.

at Xafi-

TrdSei <Tvv roig Xe/Srjcri ev

T-aFf
U)6v

tw tov

KpiTOv

Sojulw ^crav.

TOV avuKTOs

ev

tw tov yiyavTO^

airrpo)

^u.

to

T^9 opviOoi iv
*

Trj dcnrlSi ^v.

at pive^ to)v TraiSoov

class,

On

the declension of v^vfus see next

VI.

FIRST GREEK READER.

fiiKoai
ei(Ti.

35
piTrrovcri. at

iraiSe?

riveg

(r(paipav
fjaav.

vXaiuLvSei

Twv Ileocrwf KoXal

eicrt.

ol

twv oovKoov
iravreq

Tpij3(DV^ fiiXaves

SovXo^ T/y nvv

SiooKei.

01 TracSe?, /cat nracrai

at Kopai, avv roi^ Trarpaa-c koi

Trapaoelacp
eicri.

rai"?

aSeXcbac^, ev

tw

ol

tov avaKTog

odoirreg XevKol
K^TTip

fjcrav.

Kopa? Tivag ev

tw tov avaKTOs
irapa tov

fiXeTTOfJLev.

irapa tov vew

Tive^.

/Salvei.
rj

Kiova ^aivovcTL
KLOvi ecTTi.

Troifxeves

crcbaipa irapa Tta

Sea-TTOTrjs T19

SovXov^

e-^ei

ttoWovS'

Ti'y

eaTiv 6 avT]p\
Trai"?
j

Tiva tov Kiova /SXexe/?;

;

ttov ecrriv 6

T^ov eia-iv ol ai/a/cre?

ttoi/ rjcrav

ol Xe^tjTeg

Tii'ag TTOifxevag Xiyeis',

From -beside
temple.

the

temple.

To-the-side-of

the

The

slaves have black cloaka

certain

judge had (xe) two faithful slaves.

poet do

In the temple

of a certain god there were beautiful caldrons.

What
1

you speak of ?
with*
(xi?)

Whose

asses

do you see

The

girls are plaiting their hair.

The master

strikes
of-

his slave

his shield.

Two merchant-men

some-kind
the slave?

are sailing into the harbour.

He
What

sees a (ceiiain) torch in the court.

Which key has

is

What

shield has the warrior?

?

ball are the

boys throwing

Who

king of the

Persians
sail for

From what
?

port do the merchantmen

is

Greece

The king

hunting a hare along

the sea (shore).

(VI.)
*

17.

The Sixth Class embraces those nouns

WWi

is

not to be translated here by aw, but by the datire (iiutraniental) of

thanoxm.

36
in

FIRST GREEK READER.

which the

final
as,

vowel of the stem

is

changed

in

the nominative ;

rer^o-f for rei-^e-?, gen. re/ye-o?;

yXvKv-s for yXvKe-?, gen. ^Xv/ce-o?.

tives in -09 of this class are neuter.
SINGULAR,
DTTAl.

The substanPLURAl.

N.
G.

iu.dvTi-9,
a prophet or

raasc,
8eer.

/xdvre-e,
two prophets.

juavTe-eg
prophets.

fidvreii,

yuai/re-ft)?*

fiavre-OLV
jULavrei

fxavre-uiv

D, frnvre-i
A. fiavTC-v

/mavre-oiv
fiairre-e

fidvre-cn

fiavre-a^
fxavre-e^

V. fxavri
SINGULAR.

fiavre-e

= ixdvrei^ = [xavreis
rei-^t],

DUAL.

N. A.&V.

TeZ;>^o -9,
a wall.

neut.,

rel-^e-e
two
walls.

G. Ti'^e-09

D.

Tel-ye-L

= Tel-^ovg = Tcl-^ei
PLURAL.

rei-^e-OLv
Tei-^e-oiv

= =

Teiyolv
rei'^oiv

N, A.

&

V. relye-a
walls.

re/p^?/

G.

rei-^e-wv
Ti^-cri

Tei-^wv

D.

EXERCISE Xn.
o
ofxev.

TreXe/ff?

o^v^ ecm.

top jSapvv

TreXeicvv Oav/uidtrj

Tu>v TraXaiwu fxdvrecov Seipij ^v

Trcoycova

Svvafiig.

tov

Tov

fxavreo)^

Kelpovcn.

to

alfxa

kutu tov

Xeiov TreXcKVv pet.

TO
^aivei

Tfj(f

TToXecog Tec'^oi fiaKpov ^v.

Tig.

Kara tov opovs

vlov SlSdcT'
/fop^Xta? Tig

TTOljULiJU

TOV TOV

'^PO<p(i}VTOS

Kei 6 cro(picrTt}9*

ava to tov vaov Tciy^os

Substantives of this kind usually take the Attic genitive in -vk, bat a^Jectires

retain the simple -ot, as r)S4-ot.


FIRST GREEK READER.
eoTrei
eig

87
ocpiv Tiva he

to aarrv

(pevyei 6 navTi<;.
oi

Tov acrreog SiwKOva-iv

SrjXov ^v.

TaiSei.

/J-epo^ ti Ttj<s TroXeoo^

TO fiaxpov arrjOos tov avBpwTrov Oavfiatei

6
TTOifxriv 6d>iv

6 oyXoj.
SXcTrei.
Kopv(hi]

Tiva ava to opo^ epirovra opocpov ev

Ttj

vaov Tivo? tov

tov opeog
TTapo.

^7ri 6

TTOifii^v.

TO

^i(p09
oi

Bapv

(ttc.

TOV Kiouo^ (bevyei 6 Xayoog.

irapa to) klovi Xenrovci.
irapa tov
Kiova SiwKei,
rj

Traioe^

Tas acpalpa^

6 kvoov ttjv opviBa (or opviv)

Se

eh oikov Tiva

(pevyei.

(VII.) 1 8.

In the Seventh Class are ranged those

av,
ei/,

nouns which have the diphthong

or ov, before

the final

of the nominative.

represents the obsolete letter

thus, ^ovg for ^oFs,

The v of the diphthong F (Digamma) vocalized;

bos for bovs,
h6v-is.
ia

Hke Latin

In declension the v disappears before vowels, but

retained before consonants,

and at the end of the

word

thus

BmOXTLAJU

VVAL.

pitnuL.

N. ^ovq, m. or ,
an ox or cow.

^0-6,
two oxen.

ySo-ey
oxen.

(^ovi)y

G.

^o-6^ (bd-v-is)

fio-olv

^0-S)V
^ov-o-'l
(fi6-a<s) /8ou9

D. ^o-t (bd-v-i)

^O-OIV
/8o-e

A. ^ovv
V. ^ov

B6-
^acri\e-.
twoUnga.

^6-e<i

(fiovi)

N. ^aariX-evi, masc..
a king.

/Satr/Xe-ey, -e/y.
kings.

G. ^acriXe-w^

^a(TiXe-oiv ^aa-iXe-oiv
3a(riXe-e
/SatrtXe-e

^aariXe-iev
^atTiXeva-i
/3ao"tXe-dp, -e??
/8ao-/Xe-ey, -cfj

D.

I3aa-i\e-ii ^a(Ti\ei

A. ^a(ri\e-d
V.
8acri\-v

38
1

FIRST GREEK READER.

9.

N.B.

In the Third

Declension, the a of the ac-

cusative singular, and the -a? of the accusative plural,

are short ; but in nouns in -evs they are generally long.

20. ou or ovK
TTov

means not. means where, interi'ogative.

or

Tov, with acute,

without accent, means

somewhere, anywhere, indefinite.

Kei

means there. ivOdSe means here.

EXEECISE

Xm.

6 ^aa-iXevg
^acrlXeca'^
TTft)

icm

(refivo^.

^aaiXev, ttov

ecrriv

>j

6 vofiev^ koi 6 lepevs ev

at Tlepcrai

tw

t^j ypaoi

Krj-

^(rav.

tov^* ^aaiXea^

(^acriXeifi)

6av-

fxd^ovcri.
01 vofxei^

6 vofxeug

ei*?

tov ^acriXea eTricrroXriv ypdcbei.

f]

evOaoe

i<ri.

tov ^acriXecos

Kopt] eKei ecxTi.

TTOV elcriv ol lepetg',

TTjv v\t]V.

^ovv aypiov

oi vofxei^ SicaKOvcriP ei^

rj

TOV jueyav ^ovu Oav/ndtei ^ ypav^.

Xijuen.
Kei r/crav ol iTnreis.

vavg

OVK

riv

ev

Tw

Tovg nrireag
tois ^ovcri
ea-Qiei

ivOdSe Xelirei 6 CTTparijyo^.

v tS> \ei^u)vl
Xecav.
fj

6 POfievs
fx.ya\t]v

crvu

TTOV ^u.

Trjv

^ovv

Kopr]

tov^ yoviaq (yovecs) euOdSe

ecrTi.

XeiTrei.

tu

Kepara tov ^oos juuKpa

(bvpav (pvXaTTOvcn.

oi a-TpaTiwTai Ttjv ye-

Old-woman
habit
is

why

do you run to the city

Tlie

shepherd pursues a gazelle into the wood.

great.

The

force of

The horseman's
letter to

chest

is

broad.

The

old-woman writes a

her daughter's child.

pronoun, so hero

The

article is often equal to the possessive

we

translate tov?

their.

PIBST GBEEK RKAOWR.

Thft barber shaves the king.

39

Wliere are the eavah^

is

of the king 1

The

king's ship

here in the harbour.

The horseman pursues the shepherd out of the city The prophet sees a cei-tain towards the mountain. Where were the boy's parents 1 portion of the city. The two priests are somewhere in the city. The two boys are throwing balls down the mountain. The giant stalks down fi-om the mountain towards the sea. A certain man had a black dog.
21. Besides the seven classes above enumerated,

there are a few in-egular nouns, which cannot be re-

duced to
reading.

any class. They will be found in the Grammar, or will be met with in the course of
.

SEGTiON

V.

CONTRACTION.
1.

When two

vowels

(belonging

to

different

syllables)
(in

meet ip the same word, they are usually the Attic dialect) combined either into a diphThis
is

thong or a long vowel.

called Contraction.

The meeting of two vowels is called a concursus. 2. Gekeral Rule. The foi^raer Tneniber of

the

concursiis absorbs
cucwv; TifJ-Tjev

tJie

latter;

as,

ap

^p; aeKwv

Tifx.t}V.

Exceptions.

(1.)

Two

vowels that can form a

diccresis; as,
;

diphthong are contracted by synceresis,

i.e.,

by simply removing the

iral's

Traisi ^aa-iXii

jSaaiXei

Ai/roi'

A.tp-01.


dO
(2.)

FIRST GREEK READER.

Two
not,

short

vowels,

if

identical,

are conif

tracted into their kindred diphthong;

into -ov;
as,

^acnXe-eg

= ^aa-iXeis;*
St]-

ai6o9

XoCTe
(3.)
e

= aiSovs; (jyiXio/Jiev ~ = 6r]\0VT.

to,

(piXovinev ;

before

and a before o orw, reverse the

rule; as, (piXeoo

jitev;

(^tAco; Tt/uidofxev

Tifiw-

Tijuaco

TifiS),

3.

Special Rule.

When

the latter
its

member

of

the concursus is

a diphthong,

prepositivef unites

with the former member, and

the result,
TlJUI.doifA.1
i

its

subjunctive with
Tifxdeig

being subscribed;

as,

rifias;

TllXWfXl.

Exceptions.

(1.) ov after

a drops

its

subjunctive

as, Tijui.aov(Ta

= Ti/ii(iocra',

Tifxdou(n = TifX(io(ri.

(2.)

o before a

tive

diphthong expels the preposiand unites with the subjunctive; as,

orjXoei
(3.)
6

ot]Xoi

StjXor]

StjXoi.
as,
;

before a diphthong disappears;

(pi-

Xeei?
Xerjg

=
=

(jyiXecs
(piXrj^.

(piXiovaa

= (piXovaa

(pi-

4.

In the Third Declension

(1.)

Nouns

like i-x9v9 (Class II.) contract in the

nominative, vocative, and accusative plural.

(2.)

Nouns

like niavris (VI.)

contract in the

dative singular, and nominative, vocative^

and accusative
* But <e sometimes

plural.
t

make

>).

See Section

I., 7.

FIRST GBEBK READEE.

(3.)

41

Nouns
cases

like

rei^og

(VI.)

contract

in

all

(4.)

where two vowels meet. Nouns like iSaaiXevg (VII.) contmct in the
dative singular, and nominative, vocative,

and accusative
(5.)

plural.

Nouns like l3ovs

(VII.) contract in the

nomi-

native, vocative,

and accusative

plural.

5.
its

(Syntax) Kule

XTThe

relative agrees with

antecedent in gender, number, and person.

The

relative pronoun, o?,

SINGULAR
Neut
Masc.
rr

^7,

o, ivho,

which, thai:
PLURAL. Fem.
If

rf

N.
G. D.

Masc.

Fem.

DUAL. Fem.

Neut
rf

Masc

Nent

CO

rf

CO

Ol
cov
?

at
cov

9 OV
CO

OV
/pi

n
rjv

(JO

OIV f OIV n
60

aiv aiv
T

OIV T OIV

wv
? Of?
r

Ol<!
et

ai?
ef

A. OV

rf

ef

01/9

a?

I
TO,

EXEECISE XIV.
Trjg

iroXecog Tei-^rj v^^riKa

ecTTiv.

oi

o(pei<s

ra

oprj XeiTTovcn.
TTOifxiveg.

Kara

rrjg

tov opov^

Kopvcprj^ Oeovcriv ol

at /ewe? o^f /SXeTrei? \ayoi)v ava

v

ra

aXarj

Siu)KOV(Tiv.

Tw

opi, o Oau/xct^ere, 6(pis eial

ttoWoi.

i\6vs Tiva^ /caXof? ev

tw

iroTafiw,
rj

o? ava
tjv

to aX<ro?
t^?

pel, /3\eirov(riv ol TraiSes.

eo-Ti.

acpaipa

pnrTeig yjivari

veavlag

ng

ttoWo. ^eXrj e^ei.

ra

')(eiXr]

Koprji oi}jQ)d ecTTLV.

eicriv 01

yjivawg ioTiv 6

TreXe/cu?.

-^vaoi
ireidei.

xeXe/ca?.

o jSacriXevg toi/? fxavreig*

The accusative
it 1b

plural of the Third Declension contracts like the nominativo

plural, contrary to the

Rule

thus /lojTtas should become

/tamp

bjr

the Generiil

Uale, bat

actoallj contracted into /laKtcit.


42
FIKST GKEEK READER,
ea-Oio/mev ev /nepiji tlvi
Toijg

Ta fi^Xa a
6 oovXos.
Kvoiv

toO aXiJovs
6 tov

evplcxKei

ToO yeoopyoO
SiooKei.

/Sovg
ev

yeiTovog
koi

eK

rod -^oprov

re tois

aXa-ecri

BaOecri tcov vXoou avQrj eari iroXXa.

Some

parts of the city are visible.

of the soldiers are bright.

The weapons The parents of the boy

the girl are white. the infant.

write to the king.

The

lips of

He

admires the white

lips of

The

slave

shaves the horseman's beard.

The horsemen who

are descending from the mountain are throwing their

javelins against the lines of infantry in the plaiiL

There are

many wicked men

in the city.

SECTION

VI.

ADJECTIVE NOUNS.
Adjectives
(1
.)

may

be divided into three

classes:

Those which have three forms, one for each

gender;
cre/jLvov,

as,

arefxvog,
:

neut.

masc; evpvg, masc;

a-ejULv^,

fern.;

evpela, fern.;

evpv, iieut.
ticiples.

To

this class belong all par-

(2.)

Those which have two forms

one for the neuter
auxppoou, fern.
;

one
:

for the

masculine and feminine in common, and

;

as,

a-uxppoov,

Tnasc;
aXt]6>i9,

<Tw<ppov,

neut.

masc;
(3.)

aXtjOrj?, fern.;

aXtjOes, ne-ut.
all

Those which have only one form for

genders
;

as,

apTra^,

masc

apira^, fern.

FISST

GREEK KEADEB.

43

apTra^, newt.: ixaKap^Tnasc.; fiwcap, fern.;

IxaKapt
2.

neut
is

In adjectives of three forms, the feminine

;

declined like substantives of the First Declension

and

the masculine and neuter like those of the Second or

Third, according to termination. Thus,
is
o-e/x/os

{thosc.)
;

declined like SovXo9

o-e/xi/jj

{fern,.)

like avXri

and

cre/jLvov

{neut.) like ^l^Xo^:

evpv^ (masc.) is declined

like

"TTtix^^i

or

^apv^

(p.

44)

evpeia,

like
(p.

<TKid.

and
3.

evpu (neut.) like acrru {neut), or

^apv

44).

Adjectives of two forms, and those of one form,

;

generally belong to the Third Declension

except
like

such as end (1 .)
Xaycog,

in

-0)9,

as tXewy {masc.
;

and fern.)

and

'iXeoov

like avuyyecov

or (2.) in -oy, as

aXoyo^ (77iasc.and/em.) like

like /u^Xoi'.

^oi/Xo?,

and a\oyov{neut.)

But participles

in -w?, as rervcpcog (masc.) to the Third Declension;

and rervcpo^ {neut), belong

while

the feminine, re-rvcpvia,

belongs to the First

CLASS
Masc.

I.

THREE FORMS.
8INGUJLAR.
Fern.

Neut

4.

N.
G.

cr/j.v-6s,
Tenerable.

a-e/jLV-^

(renv-ov

(Tenv-ov
(refjiv-w

crejULv-tj^

<Tefxv-ov

D.
A.
V.

arefjLv-^

(Tefiv-w
(Tefxv-6v

<T/J.V-6v

(Tefiv-^v
a-e/Mv-^

a-efiv-e

aefiv-ov

DUAL.

N. A.
G.
(128)

& V. &D.

(re/JLv-u)

aeixv-a
(refxv-aiv

crefiv-w
<TJULV-OlV

(re/xv-oiv

44

FIRST GREEK READER.

PLURAL.
Masc.

Fem.

Keui
ae/JLv-a

N.

&

V.
G.

crefiv-ol

(TflV-ai
(TejULV-SlV

crejuv-wv
a-efjt.v-0i9

D.

A.

aejULv-ovs

(j-e/xv-a

SINGULAR.

Masa

Fem.

Neut

N.
heavy.

^ap- eia
jSap-elas

jSap'V

G. /8ajO-eo9*

^ap-eo9
^ap-e'i, -ei

D. ^ap-ei, A. ^ap-vv V. ^ap-v

N. A.

-i

(3ap-eca

^ap-eiav

/3ap-v fiap-v

^ap-eia
DUAL.

G.

& V. &D.
&V.

^ap-ie
^ap-ioiv

^ap-eia
jSap-eiaiu
PLURAL.

I3ap-ee

^ap-eoiv

N.

(3ap-eg, -eis

I3ap-iai

^ap-ea
jSap-cMv
/3ap-icri

G. ^ap-eoou

^ap-eiwv
^ap-elaig
-ei^

D. ^ap-ecrc

^ap-ea^i
Masc.

^ap-elag
Fem.

^ap-ea
Neut.

BINOULAR,

N. ^apieig
beautlAiL

(for
|^

^apteacr-a

^aplev

XaplevTs)f f
G. ^aplevT-os
)^apie(r(T-r]i

yaplevT-09
^apievT-i
y(apiv

D. ^apieuT-i
A. ^aplevT-a

^apieacr-rj
)(ap[ecrcr-av

V. yaplev
Adjectives have the genitive in
-eos,

yaplecrcr-a

^apiev
-bs.

but substantives, as jrijxWi 'n

Neutera

however, Mice
t

ao-rv,

very seldom take -ewj.

p. 31.

See note to declension of Aewv,

FEBST GBEEK RKADKR.

45
Kent

Masc.

Fem.

N. A. G.

& &

V. ^aplevT-e
D. -^apievT-oiv

yapiecrcr-d
-^apiecTCT-axv
PUJRAL.

^apievT-oiv

N.

&

V. ^ap/evT-ey
G. ^apievT-wv

^aplecra-aL
j(api(ra-a)v
^apiecrcr-ai^

^apiVT-a
^aptevT-wv
^aplecr-i

D.

-^aplecr-i

A. yaplevT-a^
5.
-?flro,

yapLe(T(T-a<s

^aplevT-a

Like y^apUi^ are declined

-V]
as, TiOeiSi TiOeicra,

all participles

in

-e/y,

riOev; except that (1.)

is

In participles the vocative masculine the nominative not ecri*

SIHGULAR.
Masc.
Fenj.
;

the same as

and

(2.)

The dative

plural has -eicru

Neat

N.

&

V. G. D.

Tray,
every, alL

iraar-a

Trav

jravT-oy

jracr-i/y
7ra(7-ij

iravT-o^
iravT-l

iravT-L

A. iravT-a

Tracr-av
DUAL.

Trav

N. A.
G.

&;

V. TravT-e
iravT-oiv

nrdcT-a

TrdvT-e
irdvT-oiv

&D. &
V.

irdcr-aiv
PLURAL.

N.

TTctirr-ey

Tratr-ax
7ra<T-<ov

iravT-a

G. iravT-wv D.
K

TrdvT-wv
iracrt

Tracri

7racr-aig

A. xaiT-ay

irdo'-as

TavT-a

^"

participles in -ay, -aa-a, -av

as, o-ray,

aracra, crrav

See note to declension of Xagv,

p.

3L

4G
Tu'xp-a?,

FIRST QEBEK KEADER.

ru\^ucra, Tu\j/av.

The masculine belongs

to

Class V. (Third Declension), the neuter to Class IV.,

and the feminine

to the First Declension, like aaavOa.

The

adjectives ttoXv^,

much, and

nieyas, great, are

irregular in the nominative, accusative,

singular, masculine
Masc

and vocative

and neuter.
SINQULAR.
Fem.
Nent.

N.
G.

TTOX-I/?,
much, many.

TToXX-^
TToXX-rji

TTOX-J

TTOXX-OV

xoXX-ou
TTOXX-W
TToX-U
TToX-V

D. TTOW-W

TToXX-fj

A. TTOX-VV
V. TToX-U
N.

TToXX-l^U
TTOXX-I?
PLURAI..

&

V. TToXX-ol
G. 7roXX-S)p

TToXX-al

TToXX-d
TToXX-ftJJ/

TTOXX-WP
TToXX-aig

D. TTOXX-OIS

TTOXX-OIS

A. TTOXX-OVS
Masc.

TToXX-as
SINGULAR.
Fem.

TToXX-a
Neut

N.

fiey-as,
great, large.

fjieydX-ri

fiey-a

G. jueyaX-ov

[j.eydX-ri<i

fieydX-ov

D. fieydX-w
A. fxey-av V. fiey-a

fieydX-rj

fxeydX-w
fxiy-a

fieyaX-rjp
fieydX-t]
PLURAL.

uey-a
fieydX-a
fieyaX-cop

N.

&

V. fieydX-oi

fxeyaX-ai
jueyaX-cou

G. fxeydX-cov D. fieydX-ois

fieyaX-ais
lULcydX-as

fxeyaX-oii

A. fiyaX-ovs

[xeydX-a

FIKST GREEK HEADER.

47

CLASS

II.

TWO FORMS.
Kent

SINGULAR.
Ma3C. and Fern.

7.

N.
true, genuine.

a\t]6-i

G.

a\r]6-eo9, -ovg
a\r]6-i, -i
-rj

a\T]6-09, -ovg
aXt]6-i, -t

D.
V.

A. aXtjO-ea,

a\t]d-s aXt]6-S

DUAL.

N. A.
G.

& V. &D.
&V.
G.

a\r]6-ee,

-rj

aXtjO-eCf

->}

aXrjO-eoiv, -oip
PLURAL.

a\j]B-ioiv, -oiv

N.

a\t]6-S, -IS
a\r]6-ecov, -wv

a\t]6-a,

-t]

aXr]6-0)v, -wv

D. a\r}6-eai

a\t]0-ai
aXt]6-af
-rj

A.
8.

aXrjO-eai, -eii

Adjectives like cruxppwv are declined, in ma.s-

culine

(Third Declension)

and feminine, as substantives of Class and their neuter in -ov,

;

III.

like

acocppov, as those of Class

I.

Those in

-09, -ov,

are

of the Second Declension, and are regular. of other terminations

AH

those

may

be easily referred to their

proper

classes.

CLASS IIL
9.

ONE FORM.
no paradigm.
classes.

The

adjectives of this class require

They

are almost all of the Third

Declension, and

may

be readily referred to their proper

I.

Thus

IxoKap, fxaKap-og, belongs to Class

of substantives;


48
FIRST GREEK READER.

The great majority

(pvyds, cpvydSo9, to Class V.

of

one-form adjectives have no neuter.

SECTION

VII.

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES.
1.

Genekal Kule.

To

and

superlative degrees

form the comparative add -repos and -raTo?, reas,

spectively, to the simple

POSITIVK.

stem of the positive;

COMPARATIVE.

SUPERLATIVE.

fxaKup
fieXas (stem fxeXav)
<piX-os*

fJLaKap-Tepo9

fiaKap-Taroi
/JLeXdv-raToq

fieXdv-Tepos
<plX-Tpoi

(piX-Taroi

yepai-o?
2.

yepal-repos
Exception.

yepal-Tarog

But
e,

adjectives in -vs retain the

{i.e.,

substituted vowel of the nominative^f*

V instead of

as in yXvK-e-og; see Class

VI.
as,

of

substantives,
(for

Third

Declension^)

yXvKv-i

'yXv/cey),

yXvKv-repo^

yXvKV-TaTOS.
3.

Some
:

adjectives insert a euphonic or strength-

ening syllable between the stem and the comparative

termination
(a)

oj

is

inserted

when

the
is

last

syllable
;

of

the stem of the positive

* *iAos
lias four

long

as,

forms

(^lAwrepos, (jiiKaCnpo^, ^iXuav,

and that given above.

t Most of the peculiarities wliich are observable in the addition of the comparative

terminations to the radical syllable of the adjective are also found in the formation
of

W-v-Aoyos, not rjSe-Koyoi

we have yAvK-ii-repo?, and not ykvK-e-repoi, so we And and aar-v-vonoc not aor-e-vo/itos. See following notes. ) Compare the compounds pi^-o-rdjMOf, \oy-o-yp6.<f>os, Air-d-ra{tt, &C.
compound words
;

thus, as


FEBST GREEK READER.
KOV(p-0^
(re/jLv-69

49
K0V(p-6-VaT0S
(refiv-o-raTO^

KOV(p-6-Tep09
(re/j.v-6-Tepo^

(/8)

w*

is

inserted
is

when

the last syllable of the

stem
(ro<p-6s

short; as,

(ro(^-w-Tpo^

<ro(p-w-TaTOs
a^i-d>-TaTOs
,

a^i-os
eTTivapi^, (stem
,
'

a^i-w-Tpos
)
,

>

eTTi-^apiT-w-Tepoi
TTopcpvpe-fo-Tepos,
contracted

eiriyapiT-to-TOTOi
Tropcpvpe-w-raTO^,

7rop(pvpOSi
contracted

Topcpvpovs
(y)

TTopcpvp-co-Tepo^
is

iropcpvp-uhTaros

aif

inserted; as,
fiecr-ai-Tepos
^lea-al-TO.TO'i

^err-os
(plX-os

(piX-ai-Tepos

(piX-ai-Taros

^orn^-oy
(S)

^av)^-al-Tpos

few insert

s,

or

-e?,

or

-19

-,1

as,

a\r]6i^9

aXijOe-tr-Tepoi

aXtjQe-cr-TaTO^
a(a<ppov-i(r-raT09

(Twcppaiv

(TUXppou-ecr-Tepog
a(pOov-ecr-Tpo?y

a(p6ov-(r-TaTOs,
bnt also

a<p6ov-os

bat also

acpOov-co-Tcpo^

acpOov-co-TaTOs

XdX-og
*
t X

X(i\-i<r-Tepos

XaX-tV-TaTO?

Compare the componnds bpt-u-KOfio^, Kpe-a-vuXrii. Compare the compoands ^i<r-<u-in>Aios, iutXax-ai-itov%. Compare the compounds <jaxt-<r-ij>6poi, ipi-a-fiioi, opi-a-rtpoi, Oi-a-^xtns,
<})<o-a-^>6poi,
-co--

Kau-a-annoi,

^xp-cV-^UK,

\i.it-T-rivu(>,

oix-'-^TTS-

Some

scholars

consider the -at- and

in snch forms as iiev-ai-rtpot

and
it

<rwf>f>ov-&r--nf>o^ to

he

double comparatives, and they think the germs of these syllables are readily fbtmd
In Sanscrit (see Jelf s

Greek Grammar, L

p. 130).

Bat

is

not easy to explain

how a comparative

noons as those given

compoand Whatever the oriyiit of the syllables -atand CO'- may be, it seems evident that they were used in the compound* and the tamparatna for the uune purpcte. The objections to the Sanscrit theory are numy,
or snperlatiTe termination coald find a place in sach
in the notes above.

bat this

is

not the place to advance them.


50
Also,
-^aplei^

FIRST GREEK READER.

-^aplevT^,

makes

yapie-(r-Tepoit
?,

j(apie-(r-TaT09, the v

and t being thrown out before

and compensation
and
4.

(see note, p.

81) being neglected, as

in the dative plural (see declension of ^^apieig, pp.

45).

44

Some

adjectives

add

-iwv

and
as,

-la-rog to

form

the comparative and superlative;

aia"v-p6s

aia")(-lo3V

aicr-^-KTrog

KaX-69
in
6.

KaX\-i(i}u

KoW-ia-TOi,
is

which
Tliis

last the final

of comparison
is

X of the stem

doubled.
many
of

mode

used principally by adjectives in vt; but

tliese

hare also the other terminations, -repov and -Taro?.

6.

also expressed

The comparative and superlative notions are by joining the adverbs fxaXKov (magia),
(maadme), with the simple adjective;
juaXXov,

and
7.

fjLaXiarTa

as, 6vt]T09

more liable to death. The following list contains those irregular comparatives and superlatives which most frequently
occur
:

COMPARATltE.
/ afJLeivcov, neut. a/xeivov,

SUPERLATIVE.

cpicrrog
/SeXTfCTTO?

070^09, nood,

'\

KpanerTog

^Xi(i}cav
KaKiwv
KOKog, had,
"^epeicov,
t)<rau)V,

Xwcrro?
KaKicrrog

or ^eipcev

yelpioTog
rjKKTTOg

or tjTTWv

fiaKporepog

juaKpoTaTOi
fiVKKrrov

HOKpog, long,

jjLr]Kioov,

or

/JL)]<r(T(au


FIRST GEEEK BEADER.
OOHPARATITB.

51
SrPKRLATIVB.

{ juiKpoTepos
fiiKpoi,

fiiKporaTos
eAa^fCTTOS'

J
much,

iXdacrwv

I fieidiv

TToiXvs,

TrXeioov,

or TrXetov

TrXeFcTTO?

paSio9, easy,
fieyag, great,
8.

pacDv
/JLel^oou

patrro?
fieyicTTO?

The preposition
dative,

a/ticpl

means on both sides

of,

around, about.

It governs the accusative, genitive,

and
9.

but in prose, most usually the accusative.

(Syntax)

Rule

XI.

governs the genitive of the

The comparative degree object with which com-

parison is instituted;
than honey.

as,

yXvKicov fxiXiros, sweeter

EXERCISE XV.
o vlog fxeitoov ecrr) tov irarpo^.
ecTTt

^ Kopt] kuXXkav

T^9

fXT}Tp6g.
rj

ri

^acrlXeta

TXrj/ULOvetTTaTt]

eoTi
a/ui(pi

iracrwv yvvaiKwv.

6ea

crejULvoTarr] ecrrtv.

ra

Ttjp

K()C)fMt]V

opt]

vyp-tjXoTaTa ecrrtv.
ol

6 Xecov OapcrvTcpog

can TOV
eVOVCTlV.

Oooog.
rj

oprvyeg rag ovpas ^payyraTag

lfpK09

TOV TQU) XajHTTpOTaTT]

Ttjs

eCTTlV.

T}

yecbvpa evpvrepa
ecrrl
Ttjs

ecrrf
tj

ooov.

fj

ooos

evpvTepa
sctti

yeSvpag.
01

Xeaiva

ay picoTepa
eicri

tov

XeovTog.

Kvveg

cocbdoTepoi

twv ^owv.

Ta

TOV laTpov ^vpa oPvTUTa TOV ^aaiXewg

kj/ttw

icrriv.

Ta

jutjXa

ev

tw
t^

yXvKVTaTO. icmv.

iv Trj vXrj,

Tpoi

Tft)

TTora/xw, TrXeFcTTat ^arav cuyeipoi.

;

Tig eaTi
rj

cro<pu)TaTog ttolvtoov
(jyi^imt]

TroTepog ecrrt crocpwTepos',

6 iraig XaXlcrraTog

aXt]6eaTa.Tt]

earlv.

ecrriv,

62
ai

FIRST GREEK READER.

crroXai.
Tfjs
ejutis

firp-po^

yapiea-TaTal

eicriv.

to

Xwcre
elcriv.

Sco/fjOares/ fieXdvraroi oi ^IvSol Koi

SeiXoraTOi
pacou t/?

icjTi KOI

^aOvTarog virvo^ t^Slctto? ea-riv. ^pa-^Tepa Trpos to acrrv oSo^.

Through* the
river.

city there flows a very beautiful ]-

My

father

has some
is

very ferocious dogs.

?

Which

of the rivers

the deepest

All the boys

of Cjirus

are striking at the largest ball.

The army

The waves of the was very great. The slaves carry very light long.
wallets of the slave

sea were very

wallets.

The

are lighter than those of his

The army is guarding a very narrow The bridge. The crane has a very long neck. wine is very old. The master is teaching a very ignorant boy. The boys and the dogs are pursuing
master.

a very savage bear into the thickest part of the

forest.

SECTION

VIII.

THE NUMERALS.
1.

The Numerals
principal

are in reality adjectives. are

The

two
from

classes

the

Cardinals

and the

Ordinals.
5

to

The first four Cardinals are declinable, but 100 they are all indeclinable. The
regular adjectives of three

Ordinals, however, are

forms.
*
Ala, through, gorerns sometimes the accusatire, but

more usually the

genitive.

In this case use the genitive.

t

Use the superlative degree.

FIRST

GREEK READKE.
ova. TWO.

53

eU, ONE.
Maae.
Fern.

Neat
I*

N.

eig

/JLia

V
V-6g
t
1

Sv-o (for all genders)

Sv-oiv Su-oiv

G. ev-69

A" a?
fiia

D.

ev-l

V-l

A. va

ixlav

ev

Sv-o

rpeti ,
UasG.

THREE.
Fern.

Neat

N. Tpeiq
G.
TjOtftJl'

Tjoefy

rpla
TpiSiV
Tpicri

TpiWV
Tpia-i

D. TpKTL
A.
Tjoer?

Tpeig
Tetraapeg, FOtTR.

Tpla

N. Teacrapeg
G. Tecrtra^v
D. ria-aapcri A. Te(T(rapas

Tecrcrapeg

reaaapa
Teacrapwv
rea-crapa-i

recra-apwv
riacrapa-i

T<T(rapas

reacrapa

Like
fitjSelif

elf

are declined its compounds, oy^e/y and

no-one.
CAKDI5AL3.
ORDIKAIfl,
MTJLTIl'LICATlTBS.

1.

e!?, Ai/a, ev,

one:

nrpurrog,
flnL
once.

2.
3,

^u'o

Sevrepos

8lg

T/3e?y, T/ae??,

Tpla

TpiTog,

rplg

4.
0.

TecTcrapeq

Teraprog
TrefiTTTog

TerpoKis
TrevTOKig
e^OLKlS

irivre

6.

?f

e/CToy

78.

cxTa
O/CTfO

e^Sofiog

eTTTOKig

oySoog

OKTOKig

9.

evvea

twarog
^eicaroy

iweoKtg
SacoKii

10. ^eica

54
OABDIKALS.

FIRST GREEK READER.

ORDINALS.
MtTLTIPLIOATIVBa

11

evScKa
ScoScKa
e'lKocri

evSeKUTOg
SdoSeKUTOS
eiKOCTTOi

evScKOiKii
SooSeKOLKCi

1 2.

20.

eiKOcraKis

100. eKarou

eKaTocrroi
^iXiocTTog
fivpiocrroi

sKaTovaKi^

1000. x'^'ot
10,000.
Atu^iot

fxvpiaKi^

For the intermediate numbers,

mar.
SECTION
IX.

see

Greek Gram-

PRONOUNS.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS.
SINOULAR.

DUAL.
VU)f
Ire

PLUKAL.

1.

N.
G. D. A.

iyu),
I [ego].

^M^h,
we.

twa

ifiov,
of me.

or fXOV, or

1/60 1/,

^yttWP,
OfUSL
fifllV,
to or for UB.

of us two.

ifioif
to or for

fiol,

V(fV,
to or for us two.

ma
fxiy

e/ue,
me.

or

VUI,

tjfMaSy
na.

us two.
DUAIi.
er(f)(o.
[tu}.

BINGULAH.

PLtriUL.

N.

0-y,

vfxeii,
you.

thou

you two.
(Tcbtav

G. aov
D.
(rot
ere
SINQITLAR.

vfiijov

crdywv
ar(pco

VjUlV

A.

DUAL.

PLURAL.
(TCpeig

N.
G. ov [sui]

acbcov
(r(pl(ri

D. oT A.
e

[sibi\
[se]

(r(pas

FIRST
2,

GEEZK READER,
/xol^
ere,

55
crou,
croi,

The

parts

ixe,

/xov,

oi,
;

and
but

(r(p[<Ti,

are enclitics (see Appendix, on Accents)

the emphatic forms, efiov, &c., retain their accent.

ov

and
3,

are non-Attic, at least in prose.

airro? is a regular adjective like
(1.)

The pronoun
43)
;

(Tfiv6s (p.

except that

The nominative and

;

accusative neuter end in -o, not -ov (see oy, p. 41)

and

(2.)

The vocative

is

wanting,

avTos serves as

the adjunctive pronoun ipse, in the nominative case,

and when joined in agreement with a substantive

but

when

it

stands alone
it

{i.e.,

without the
ea,

ai'ticle

or
is

a substantive)

answers to

is,

id.

6 avro^

equal to idenn.

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS.
4,

The

possessive pronouns are formed from the

personals,
(p.

and are regular adjectives

SINQXn.AR.

like

a-eixvoi

43).
PLURAI Neat
fx6v,
i*

Masc.

Fem,
efxri,

Masc
^liiTp-09,
our.

Fem.

Neat,

ifXO^,
mjr,

-a,

-OV,

miue.

fo'?,
thy, thine

arj,

(TOV,

v/xerep-o?.
your.

-a,

-OV,

n (S^,*
his.

OV,)

<T(peTep-09,
their.

-a,

-ov.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS,
0.

These pronouns are compounded of the accusasingular of the

tives

personal
{self).

pronouns and the

oblique cases of avros

From

their peculiar

meaning and use they can have no nominative,

* The genitive of avros
is

gensrally used instead of

tliis

possessive.

66
SINGULAR.

FIRST GREEK READER.

PLUEAL.
Fem.
Masc.

Masc

Fem.
-1

G.

efiavT-ov,
of myself.

-m
of ourselves.

D. efxavr-w A. e/xavT-ov
Masc.

'^
-rjv

fj/xlv

avT-ois

-aJ"?

jjyua?

avT-ov^

-a?
Fem.
-ft) J/

Fem.

Masc
vjuoov avT-oov,
of yonrselvea

G. a-eavTov,
ofthysel

-^?j

D.

creauTft)

-V
-rjv

i^^cf'i'

avT-ois

-ar?

A. creavTov
Masc
Fem.

vfxag avT-ovg
Masc
eauT-cot'
FCTH.

-a?
Neut
-ft)!/

Neut

G.
orhimselt
herselt

-ov
itselt
-ft)

-cov

D.

eauTft)

-V

eavT-oIs

-aFy

-oFf

A. eauTov

-nv
(1.)

-O

eauT-ovs
first

-ay

-a

Observe,

That the
(2.)

two

reflexives

have

no neuter; and,
of

two words.

(TtavTov

That theu- plurals are made up and eavrov in their several

aavrov and avrov, &c.

cases often abbreviate into

6.

other, has

The EECIPROCAL PRONOUN, aWrjXov^, 0716 anno singular and no nominative case.
DUAL,

PLUEAL.
Fem.
Neut.

Masc

Masc

Fem.
-ft)l/

Neut
-ft)!*

G.

aW^Xoiv
aXXjjAft)

-aiv

-OIV

oXkrfKuiv

D. aXKr]koiv

-aiv

-OIV
-ft)

aXKrfKoL^

-ai<s

-CIS

A.

-a

aXkrjkovs

-as

-a

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.
7.

The demonstrative pronouns

are,

ovtos (gener-

ally equal to iste), oSe, ^Se, roSe (equal to hie),

and

FIEST GEEEK READER.

eKeivo?,
r],

67

o (equal to

ille).
;

The

article o, ^,
is

to waa
a

originally a

demonstrative

avrog

sometimes

demonstrative.
ov,

Besides these, there are too-o?,

TOiog, roiovrog

TorrovTog

= tantus ;
Fem.

= talis,

&c.
Neat

SISGXTLAB.

Masc

Kent

Masc.

SVAL. Fem.

N. OVTOg^

aUTl]

TOVTO
TOVTtp

TOVTCO

(TaVTO.)

TOVTW
TOVTOlh
TOUTOlh
tovtco

G. TOVTOV TaVTTJS TOVTOV TOVTOIV

D. TOVTO)
TaVTrj

TOVTaiV

TOVTOIV
TOVTCO

TOVTaiV
(ravTo)

A. TOVTOV TavTTJU TOVTO

FLUBAL.

Masc

Fem.

Neut

N. WTOl
G. TOVTCOV

avTai
TOVTCOV

Tavra
TOVTOfV

D. T0VT019
A. TOVTOVS
8.
p.

TavTaig

TOVT019

TouVa?

Tavra
tis

For the
;

indefinite

and interrogative

see

33
9.

and

for the relative 09, see p, 41.

The Dative
(1.)

case denotes,

The

individual

(person
is

or

thing)

to

which anything
cated.
(2.)

given or communithing) which

The individual (person or

is

benefited or injured in

any way.

* Learned
that the
first

men

differ as to the oriein of this

it is

pronoun, but one thing seems plain,

It will be observed, that, like the t in the nominatire singular and plural, masculine and feminine and that whererer the article has the rowels o, w, or the diphthong ov (in the mas6, ^, to.

part of

the article

article, it loses

culine

and neuter forms),

ij,

this

pronoun has -ov

Tr)v,

in its first syllable

and that wherever

its

the article has a,

first

or the diphthong at (in the feminine forms), oStos has -ou in

;

syllable

as,

tok {aceus.), tovtov

rauTrpr.

The only part

of the feminine

which has

tovt-, as its first syllable, is the genitive p'ural, because the genitive plural
is

fcminine of the article

tvv, not ray or

rijv.

58
C3,)

FIRST GREEK READER.

The cause why something is done the manner or circumstances in which it is done the instrument by which it is done, or the agent by whom it is
;

done.
(4.) (6.)

Belief in, or obedience

to.

Intercourse with,
the opposite.

whether friendly or

(6.) (7.)
(8.)

Likeness, or eijuality, or coincidence.

The place where. The time when.

the subject of a verb
is

10.

When
it is

a personal

pronoun,

seldom expressed, except when particu-

larly emphatic, as

when one

individual

is

to

be put

in strong contrast to another. 11. fxev

(which in derivation
eT?, iJ.la, 'iv)

is

connected with
(1.),

the

first

numeral,

means,
;

place;
his,

(2.),

On

the

one hand
is

(3.),

In the first For my {thy,

(1.), (3.),

&c.) part.

It

answered by (connected

with the second numeral, Svo); which means,

the second plxice
;

In

(2,),

On

the other

hand ;

On

my

(thy, his, &c.) part.

EXERCISE XVI.
ejia juev (pevyco, crh Se StooKet^.
/j.ev

ere

Oaufidtco.

^uei^

QaviJ.aCpiJ.ev
TTjv

avrov,
fxoi

vju-ei^

<5e

ov Oavjudt^re.

SovXoi
eavTov

Kofitjv

Ke'ipei.

veavia?
ol

Trpos tov

Trarepa

eTriCTToXrjv

iri/j.-jrei.

cTTparicoTai
ti

aXXijXoi'? KeXeuovcriv.

6 Tralg irevre imrjXa e\e'.

/mev cru Oavjiidteis, CKelva oe

TOVTO

<TTi\

Tavra

eyw

FIRST GREEK READER.

Kopr] (jTecbavov riva eavrrj TrXe'/cet.

59
Tavrt]
rt] tjfJ-epa

t]

01

"EXX^yi/e? rag 'AdTjvag ov Xeiirovaiv.

v

6 /cXeVT79 tov

vpvaov

Tp

vXj7 KpvTTTei.

01

TToXiTcu KciKov Tiva

^fia^
fiev
ireiOeif

(TTCipavov

Tw
ou.

^a(ri\ei

irXeKOva-iv.

avTov Se

ravra T019 avrov fxaOrjrai?

tov*
eroy?.

oioaarKei.

SdoSeKci eicri finve^

TO. eiai

ra 'EXX^ywica

ypafifia-

Teacrapa Kai

eiKocrt.

indeed (Jot

my part)

admire him

but

my father
These

{does) not.

The boy

strikes the ball with his hand.

The

slave strikes the

dog with a large

stone.

The soldier wounds himself On the same day the Persians send with his swordThe wild-beast bites the ambassadors to Athens. boy with his teeth. The master hasf twenty-five In the tenth month he writes a letter to slaves. the king. On the third day the king sends ten ambassadors to Athens. The farmer catches twentyfive hares in one day. The farmer has seven horses, and nine asses. The king is friendly to us. I perWith these suade my dear father with my words. words the daughter persuades her mother. We two are guarding our father's house. The two of us are plaiting a wreath for our mother. The slave is
things are beautiful.

hiding our slings for

the good. J
The article
;

us.

My

father

is

friendly to

is

often used in a distribuiive sense; as, toC

fXTjvot,

erery mo/UK,

ie.,

by the month toC erovs, every year, ie., in each year. t Or, There are to the master twenty-five slaves the verb
;

ccfu'

being used

witli

tile datire,

as turn in Latin.
is

t The substantive
alone.

often omitted in Greek, as in Latin, the adjective standing

(128)


60
FIEST GKEEK EEADEK.

SECTION

X.

THE VERB.
1.

(1.),

The

There are two Conjugations of Greek Verbs First, in which the first singular present
-to;
(2.),

indicative ends in
in
-/XL.

The Second, which ends

classes

2.

Verbs in -w are divided into three

Pure, Mute, and Liquid, according as the last letter

of their stem
liquid.
is

a vowel, a mute consonant, or a

is

Thus, Xv-oo
liquid.

called

pure; Xey-w,

Tfiute;

and
3.

/xeV-co,

The Greek Verb has three Voices the Active, The middle voice has the Passive, and the Middle. always reference to self, signifying what one does,
or gets done, for or in reference to himself.
It thus

holds a TYiiddle position between the active

passive.
4.

and the

There are six Tenses, three of which (the PreFuture, and Perfect) are called principal or

sent,

leading tenses; and three (the Imperfect, Aorist, and Pluperfect) are called secondary or historical
tenses.
5.

It will

be noticed that each leading tense has

secondary, which takes the same

corresponding

stem, and

has

a certain

connection in meaning.*

Thus

:~

* The more advanced student should consult on this subject Donaldson's " Cratylus," p. 662, second edition.


MBST GKEEK

KK^VDEE.

61

IXADISQ.

ypady-u)
(jpresenl).

ypdy^-co
(future).

yeypa(p-a
(perfeeO.

SECONDARY.

e-ypa(p-ov
(imptrfecf).

e-ypay^-a
{aorist).

i-yeypa<p-eiin.
{pluperfect).

6.

There are jive Moods

the Indicative, Svh-

jinidive, Optative, Imperative,

7.

and

Infinitive.

There are three Numbers

Singular, Dual, and

Plural.
8.

In conjugating a Greek verb, three kinds of

ciianges

must be attended to (1.) The termination is

(2.)
(3.)

varied.
is

In the secondary tenses a prefix

In
certain

added.
is

tenses

the

radical

vowel

modified.
9.

learned

The first and third of these changes are best by practice in conjugation but the second,
;

Mhich
10.
follows

is

called

the augment,

requires

detailed

explanation.

The
:

principal

varieties

of

augment are

as

(1.)

When

a verb begins with a consonant,

e is

prefixed;

and as

this letter

forms a

syllable in itself, it is called the syllabic

augment;
(2.)

as, ypdcp-oo,

-ypa<p-ov.

When

a verb begins with a short vowel,

is
;

the initial letter

corresponding long

changed into its and as the time

is

(tempus) or quantity of the syllable

thus lengthened, this kind of increase

62
is

FIRST GREEK READER.

called

the temporal augment;

as,

Exception.

But

e-^^w,

have,

and some
i\
a.s,

other verbs, change e into

perfect eiyov.
(3.)

im-

When

a verb begins with a proper or

diphthong,
the

genuiTie

augment

is

made by changing
thong into
as,

the proper

diph-

its

corresponding improper;

Note.

When a verb

alrew, ^reou (^tovp).

begins with a long

vowel, or an improper diphthong, no

change takes place.*

Verbs beginning with a single consonant, or with two consonants {provided they are a mute and a liquid, with the mute first), take, in the perfect
1 1
.

and

pluperfect, the initial consonant, together with

as,

the usual syllabic augment;

called reduplication.

ye-ypacp-a.

This

is

Note.

But

if

a verb begin with an aspirate,

is

the corresponding Light

reduplication;
(pecpiXrjKa.
as,

used in the

cpiXeo),

Tre-cplXtjKa,

not

* There are numerous peculiarities In the verbal augment, which will be found at I one view in any Greek Grammar, and which will be introduced in the afler-part of

tUa work, as occasion may

require.

FIRST GREEK READER.

6S

SECTION

XI.

CLASS I.-PURE VERBS.

1.

Pure Yerbs are the most simple

in

their con-

jugation.
[erfect.
(1.)

They have no second But observe,

That most
first

aorist,

nor second

pure

verbs insert
perfect,

in

the

aorist,

and

pluperfect

passive.
(2.)

That those in -aw,

current

-em, -ow, contract con-

vowels

in

the

present

and

imperfect.

But

dissyllabic verbs in -ecu

contract only ee
TrXe-ei^,

xXeZ?.
;

and eei into et as, The concursus eo is

;

not contracted
(3.)

as, TrXeojuev.

That those in
in
-r]<ra>',

-eoj and -aco make the future and those in -ow, in -uktoo.

But

there are

many

exceptiona

iJbserve (1.) That the indicative adopts short vowels in its inflexions, while the snbjunctive takes long ones, and the optative diphthongs ; as, \v--T< (indicative), Xv-ij-toj' (subjunctive), XiJ-ot-TOP (optative.)
(2.) That each leading tense and its corresponding secondary have a stem peculiar to themselves. The letter pointing out the tense, and ending this tecondary stem, is called the " tense characteristic ;" thus, it is

future, "KChC-u, and of the first aorist, and k (or in some verbs d) of the perfect and pluperfect. While Xu- is the stem proper of the whole verb, \v(t- may be taken as a second' wry stem of the future and aorist 1, and XeXur- of the perfect (3.) There is also a special termination for each person ; and thus we have several elements in one verbal form, e.g., in "Kv-ff-oj-ftep (first aorist subjunctive), Xi/- is the stem, ff the tense characteristic, <o the modal (mood) owel, and fiep the person ending. A careful distinction of these will

the tense characteristic of the

i-\v-c-a,

be of

much

service to the student in learning the

Greek verb.

64

FIRST GREEK READER.

PURE
The student will observe that Xu-, the marked. The double
radical syllable
line indicates

ACTIVE
INDICATIVE.
Pres.

SUBJUNCTIVE.
<fcc.)

OPTATIVE.
(I

(I

am

loosing,

(I

may
-{IS,

loose, Ac.)
-rj

might

loose, <fcc)

S. \v-ia, -eis, -ei

D.
P.

XiJ-w,
,

Xi^otcu, -oty, -01

\v-eTov, -erov

\v-r)TOV, -T]TOP

\i-oiTOP, -oLttjv
-oire, -oiev

\ij-ou.ev, -ere, -ovcri

Xtj-w/iev, -rfre, -oxri

\i-omev,

Imperf. (I was loosing,

S. i-\v-ov, -es, -6

&c.)

D.
P.

wanting

wanting

OdJ-fTov, -inriv

{htj-ofief, -ere, -ou

Fat. (I

shall or will loose,

(I

might be about
loose,
(fee.)

to

Ac.)

S. \vff-u, -s,

wanting

Xvff-Olfll, -ots, -01

D.
P.

Ma-erof, -erov
-ere, -ovai
loosed, &C.)
(I

(I

"Kiicr-oiTov, -olrtjv

\i(T-ofj,fj>,

\Ccr-oifJ.ev, -oire, -oiey

Aor. (I

may have
-jis,

loosed, <fec)
-1)

might have loosed,

-etas,
-ete,
,

<fec)

S. i-\v<T-a, -as, -e

Xvff-a,

\{ff-ai/ii,

(-aij,)

D.
P.

iS.i(T-aTov, -drrip

(I

'S.i(T-7]T0P,

-rjTov

f-at)

\v<T-aiTov, -alT7]y
-aire,

i\(i(T-afiev, -are,

-av

Xixr-u/iev, -rp-e,

-uai

Xvcr-atfiev,
-eiav,

{-aifv)

Perf. (I have

loosed,

&c)

may have loosed,

--q
,

<fcc.)

S. \4-\vK-a, -as, -e

D.

XeXi/zc-aroj',

-arou

XeXvAC-w, -ys,

(I might have loosed, <fcc.) \e\vK-oi/u, -ois, -01

\e\vK-7p-ov, -rjTOP

XeXvK-oiTov, -oIttjp
-oire,

P. XeXijK-afjLev, -are, -dci

\e\vK-(a/iep, -rp-e, -wet

XeXvK - oi/iV,
-oiev

Plup. (T had
S. i-Xe-XvK-eiv,

loosed,

&c)

D.

-eis, -ei

^XeXi5K-etro', -elrrjv
-etre, -eta-

wanting

P. iXeX^K-ei/iev, ap, or -eaav

STRST GBEEK BEADDB.

65

VERBS.
of Xu-co, is long in some tenses and short in others, aa change of stem. See Section X. 4, 5.

VOICE.
IMPERATIVE.
(Be thou loosing,
-, XO-e,
<fcc)

INFINITIVE.
(To be loosing,
XiJ-etp
<fec)

PARTICIPLE.
(Loosing,
XiJ-wj',
(fca)

-ho}
-bvrwv
(or

gtn. -om-oi

-, \v-erov, -iTCiiv -, Xu-cre,

\iu-ovffa, gen. -otjcnji

\v-ov, gen. -ovtos

-krutaav)

wanting

wanting

wanting

(To be aboat to loose,

&C.)

(About to

loose,

&c)
\v(T-wv, gen. -ovtos
\vff-ov<ra, gen. -oiiffrji
\\jiT-ov,

wanting

gen. -ovtos

(Loose
-,

tliou, Ac.)

(To loose,
XO(r-at

<fec)

"kva-ov,

-dru
-druv -Avrwv

Xi5(r-ay,

(Having loosed, <fec.) gen. -avros

gen.
-iff-qi

-, -,

\v(r-arov,
Xicr-are,
-a.T(3j<Ta.v)

Xi5(7-a<ra,

(or

\v<T-av, gen. -avros

(Have thou
-,

loosed,

&c)

\i\vK-e, -4tu -, \e\vK-erov, -iruv

-, XeXuAC-ere, -iruxrav

(To have loosed, &c.) \e\vK-^vai

(Having loosed, Ac.)

\e\vK-d)S, gen. -6tos

\eKvK-vTa, gen. -vlas \eKvK-6s, gen. -6ros

(found only in those verbs whose perfect is used as a present.)

wanting

wanting

wanting

66

FIRST

GREEK RBADER.

PURE VERBS
PASSIVE
INDICATIVE.
Pres.

SUBJUNCTIVE.
(I

OPTATIVE.
<fcc.)

(1

am

loosed, or set

may

be set
-ri,

free,

(I

might be

set free, &c.)

free,

Ac)
-ei

S. \v-o-fiat,,

(or

-p),

\6-w-txai,

-rj-rai

\v-0l-fJi7]V, -Ot-O,

-Ot-TO

-e-rai

D.\v-6-/j.6ov,
-e-adov

-e-ff0ov,

\v-d>-fi6ov,

-r}-<x6ov,

Xv-ol-fieOov,
oL-ff6r]v

-oi-adov,

rj-ffOov

P.

\v-6-fie0a, -e-ffde,

-ovrat

\v-iJ>-fi0a, -Tj-aOe, -vrai,

\v-ol-iJLe9a,

-ot-ffde,

-oi-vro

Imperf.

(I

was being

set

free, <fcc)

S. i-Xv-b-fxriv, -ov, -e-ro

D. iXv-S-fieBov,
-i-aOrjv

-e-adov,

wanting

wanting

P. ^v-6-fie6a, -e-a6e,-o-VTo

Fut. (I

shall or will
free,
<fcc.)

be

set

(I

might be about
set free, <ta)

to ba

S. \vO^(r-o-n,ai,

(or

]?),

\v9r)(T-ol-fir)v,

-oio,

-e-rai

Ol-TO

D. 'Kv6r](r-6-;x6ov, -e-aOov,
-e-ffdov

wanting

\v6r]<T-ol-ixe0ov,

-ot-

aOov,
-e-ade,

-ol-<y97)v

P. 'Kvdr)(T-6-fJLe6a,

Xv0ricr-ol-iJ.0a,

oi-a0,

-o-vrai

Ot-VTO
was
set free,
-7]

Aor. (I
D.
P.
,

&c)

(I

may be
,

set free, <tc.)

(I

might be

set free,

<fcc.)

S. i-\vO-yiv,

-T}s,

\v$-w,

-ys, -y

i\vd-7)-T0V, -fl-t7}V

\v9-7J-TOV, -^-TOV

(I

\v0-el-r]v, -e/-7?j, -el-r]

,'Kv0-el-ryrov,-i-rp-T]
-el-r]Te,

iXiLid-r)-fiey,-r)-Te,-r]-ffav

\vd-G)-fuv, -ij-Te, -w-ffi

\v0-l-rj/jLeu,

-elev,

{-el-Tjaav]

Perf.

(I

have been
&c.)

set free, (I

may have been

&C.)
(S,

set free.

might have been

free, &c.)
etrjv,

set

S. \i\v-/xai, -cat, -rot

\\.v-ft,iyoi

^j,

\e\v-/j.^yoi,

etrjs,

D. \e\v-jj,e9oP, -cdov, <t0ov

V. "KeXv-fxeOa,
-<r9e,

\\v-/iivu, ^TOV,

\\v-/j.ivu, et-.p-ov,
el-flTt]v

^TOV
-vrot
'SeKv-/j.4voi (S/xep, rjre,
tScrt

\\\in.ivoi, etrjfiev,
r)Te,

et-

tUv

(or el7}(rav)

Plup.

(I

had been
Ac.)
-ffo,

set free,

S. ^-XeXC-/ijv,

-TO

wanting

wanting

D. i\e\v-fifdoy,-(r0ov,-<r6r]v
P. i\e\v-fif6a, -aOe, -vro

FIKST GREEK READER,

67

continued.
VOICE.
IMPERATIVE.
(Be tbon set
fixe,
ifcc.)

IKFINITITK.
(To be set
free,

PARTICIPLK.
(Being set
free,

Ac)

Ac)

\6-ov, -i-aOu

Xu-h-iians, gen. -ov

\v-o-fUyri, gen.
-i;f

\6-t-a6ov, -i-adb)v

\v-(aOe, -i-ffOwp (of

\v-6-/ia>w, gen.

-w

(ranting

wanting

wanting

(To be about to be set

free,

(About to be

set free,

Ac)

Ac)
\v9rjc-6-/Jieyoi, gen.

-w

wanting

\v07]c-o-fiiyj], gen. -i;j

\v&T]ff'6-fJLa'ot>,

gen. -ov

(Be thou set

free, Ac.)

(To be set
\vd-ri-vai

free,

Ac)

(Set free,

Ac)
-eltrris

XvO-tli, gen. -ivros

, ,

XvO-Tj-TOV, --^Tuv
\v0-7i-T,

XvO-eiaa, gen.

-At-CiW (or

\v0-ip, gen. -hrroi

(Be thou set

,

free,

4c)

(To have been set

free,

(Having been

set free,

Ac)
\ikv-ffo,

Ac)
\e\v-fjJvos, gen. -ov
\e\v-/jjfn], gen. -tjs

-cOu

\i\v-a6op, -ffOup

\4\v-a$e,

-aOitip

(or

XeXv-fiivoy, gen. -ov

wanting

wanting

wanting

68

FIBST GREEK READER.

PURE VERBS
PASSIVE VOICE
INDICATIVE.
Fut. III. or Fut. Perf. (I shall have been set free, &&)
S. \e\va--o-fMU, -ei (or
-e-Ttti
-j/j,

SDBJUNOTIVE.
(I

OPTATIVE.
might have been about
to

be set

free,

<fcc.)

XeXvff-ol-fJirjv, -oi-q

oi-

TO

D.

T^eXvcr-S-fieOov, -e-ffOop,

wanting

\e\v<T-ol-fjLe6op,
<t9op, -ol-aOriv

-ot-

e-adov P. \e\vff-6-fie6a,
-o-vrai

-e-ffOe,

\e\v(r-oi-/ieda, -oi-aOe,

-Ol-VTO

MIDDLE
INDIOATIVK.
Pres.

SUBJUNCTIVE.
myself;

OPTATIVE.

(I loose for

Ac.)

S. \i-o-fiai,-i{or-'g),-eTai,

Xi-U/JMl, &C.

\v-0l-H7l,

&C.

&c.,

same as Pres. Pass.

Imperf.

(I

was loosing
<fec.)

for

myself,

S. i-\v-6-iJL7]v,

&c.
loose for

wanting

wanting

Fut.

(I shall

myself,
S. \ija-o-/jLai,

<fea)

-ei

(or

-g),

Xva-ol-fi-qv, -oL-o, -oi-To

-erai
D.Xvcr-d-fiedov,
-e-aOov,

wanting

Xv<T-ol-iie9ov,
-ol-<x6-r}v

-oi-crOov,

-e-adov

P. \v(7-b-iieda,
irrai

-e-ffOe,

-o-

Xvcr-ol-fieda,

-oi-cde,

Ot-UTO
loosed for myself,
Ac.)
Xiff-w-fiai, -y, -r}-Tai
Xvff-dj-fiedov, -rj-aOov,

Aor.

(I

S. i-Xvff-d-fitjv, -w, -a-To

Xva-ol-fiifv, -at-o,-ew-To

D. i\va-d-fit0ov,
-d-ffOrjv

-a-adov,
-a-aOe,

Xv<T-al-fie6ov, -ai-a&ov,
-ai-<Tdr)v

-ri-a6ov

P. iXv<T-d-fi6a,

Xv<r-u-fie0a,
(ihvrai.

y)-aOe,

Xv(T-(d-fj.eda.,

-ai-aOe,

a-rro

-ai-VTO

Verial Adjectives:

Xv-t6s,

-ti},

-rSv, loosed, or capable of

NoteThe Fut,

Aor., and Perf. Paaa

FIRST GREEK READER.

continued.

continued.
IMPEKATIVB.
I5FIX1TITE.

PARTICIPLE.

CTo have been about to be (Haring been abont to be set free, tie) set free, Ac.)

\eXva'6-tupos, gen. -<w

wanting

"kiKuc-o-nivTi, gen. -171

"Kekva-lhfUErm, gen. -ov

VOICE.
IMPEEATITE.
1

ISFIBITIVB.

PARTICIPLK.

XjJ-ow,

&c

\6-e-adai

\v-b-iievoi,

-rj,

-OP,

&C.

wanting

wanting

wanting

\6c-e-ffOai

Xva-d-fiaxn, gen. -ov

\vff-o-fUrri, gen. -ip
Xvff-d-fieyop, gen. -ov

wanting

\v<r-ai^ -d-ffOu
\u<r-a-ffOot>,

\6ir-a'a0iu

"kva-i-fuvK, gen. -ov

\u<r-a-fUnj, gen.
-ris

-d-aOup

\v(r-a-ff6e, -i-<r9wy (or

\va--d-fiepov, gen. -ov

-6.-aduaa.v)

being loosed

Xv-rioi, -ria, -riow, deserving to

be loosed,

are often used in a Middle sense.


70
FIRST GREEK READER.
the genitive,

Rule XII. Time when is put in and soTnetimes in the dative.

EXERCISE xvn.
o oovXoi Tov ovov T(p
SecTTroTr] \vi.

01

avOpcoiroi

Xayosi Kai eXacpovs eQrjpevov.

Toi*

ev TOig

Sova^i irapa

TTOTafiov bprvyas Orjpeuei

6 iraig.

to

TraiSlov

/uLeXiTTav ava

tov

Krjirov edi^pevae.

6 irarrjp tov vlov

cKeXevae.
KeXeucrojuiev

r]

jui^Ti^p

Trjv

eavTrjs

dvyaTepa
Koprjv

KeXevcrei.
e/ceXeu(ra.

tovs

iroiixeva^.

Trjv

TravTag o OavaToi Xvcfei.

Trjv

oLKovcraTe iravTe^.

6 Yivpio^

TOV Kuxpou yXooTTav eXvae.

tI
aKOveii\

ol

yewpyoi Tovg
Ti
clkovoo.

oovXov^ KeXevarovai.
UKOveiP.

Seivov

aKOveiv

eOeXoo.

to

TraiSlov

Tt]v

Tpocbov
6 vavTtjs

KaXei.
i-ov

at Kopai Tovq
'ttXoiov

yovei^ cKaXeaav.

TOV

KaXcov XeXvKC.

6 KvjSepv^Trj^ tov?

vavTai TOV koXwv Xvcrai cKeXevcre.

i'ttttokoiuos Trjv

TOV
Tt)V

'iTTTTOV

KpiQrjv
Trjv

eTTCoXei*
^TTTTOV,

l^rjTeiTe
ITTTTOKO/ULe,
rrraig

koi
fXf]

evprjcreTe.
TrdoXei.'f

KpiOrjV

TOV

ovo Traioe OTrraTOV^ /co^X/af.

(JoTTTae).
(cOTTTaOv').

Ttf KO'^^iag toiTTa

6 Traig Kai ^ Koprj KoyXLa(} iroXXovs cotttcov

TOVS OcOV^ KGKXrjKC 6

/ULaVTl?.

We
horses.

ordered our servants.

We

shall order

the

servant to loose (aorist) the horse.

Do

not loose the

The

sailors are letting-go the cable.

sell

The

king desired his groom not to

the horse's barley.

The father wishes

his

son to be good.

The king

ruled with prudence.

Who

is

calling on the gods?

Contracted for iiruKee, imperf. Sec liules of Contraction, p. 39. t n<iAi, contracted for Trainee, imperative pre*, t Contracted for bnTacTov,

FIEST

GREEK READEB.

71

The two

sailors

have let-go the rope.

Death has

The The deaf do not hear. queen and the The king counsel kings are taking Wliy do you not believe? The were consulting. groom is riding along the road, in company with his The two grooms were riding towards the master. The farmer rode to the town by night. bridge.
set free the
slave.

EXEEasE xvm.
o ovog
vXijv viro

Tw

J^upiu)

X^erai.

/xeXirrat Tive^ ai^a ttjv

rj

Tov Traioo^

eQrjpiiOr](rav.

tov

ittttov KpiOrj

vTTo

TOV KOKov

iTnTOKofJiov

aei

e-TTCoXeiTO.

ev toI^

Sovapi Trapa
6
Traig

tw

irorafiw eOrjpevovro oprvye^ iroKKoi.

Trora/ULw

Trapa

T<p

evpia-Kerai.

oi

tiriroi

e^

ap/jLOLTCOv e\v6t](rav.

to) lttttw vtto

tov

ittttoko/j-ov T<a
Xi/-

SecnroTij ekveaQrjv.
Orjvai.

iroifxriv

eOeXei Tovg Kvvag

evplcTKovTai.

oi

iralSe^ Trapa

tw

k'lovl

6 Toi

ttXoiov KoXto^ VTTO Ta'v vavTwv XiXirrai.

XiXvvrai oi
XvO^creaOe,

SovXoi.
to

VTTO

Twv aTpaTKDTwv

eXvOtjfiev.

iTTTTOi,

^ apfiaTO^.

The servants were desired by their masters to unhorses. The slave was set free by death. The nurse was called by the child. The two children were found near the temple of Athena. The tongue All slaves of the dumb man was loosed by the Lord. will be liberated by death. The two slaves are about to be set free by their master. The snails were being roasted by the boys and the girls. The apples were roasted (aor. 1 ) by the child's nurse. Slaves
yoke the
you have been
set free!

72

FIRST GKEEK READER.

SECTION
The simple stem
Perf. II.,

XII.

of ti^tttw

is tvtt-,

which

is

strengthened in the Pres.

and it is only in these tenses that the pure stem occurs, running through tJiat tense, hy attaching the first letter of the terhas TUTTT-, the Fut. and Aor.
ti/^-, the Perf. Tv<f>; or

Terwp-, as

ACTIVE
INDICATIVE.

SUBJUNCTIVE.
<fcc.)

Pres. (I
S. T(5irT-w,

strike,
-ety,

-et,

&c.,

Tl^TTT-W,

-|;S,

-7],

&c.

T&irT-oini, -ois,

-01,

&c.

same

as in Xi5w.

Imperf, (I was strikln g, &c.)

S. l-TVTTT-ov, -es, -e,

&c.

wanting

wanting

Fut. (I
Aor.

shall strike,

S. Ti5^-co, -ets, -ei,

I.

&c) &c.
&c.)

wanting

TJi^-OlfU, -OIJ, -01,

&c.

(I stiTick,

S. i-Tv\}/-a, -ay, -e,

&c.

Tij^-u, -ys, -y, &c.

T^-^-aifu,

-eias

(-ati),

-eie (-at),

&c.

Perf. I. (I have struck, S. Ti-Tv<p-a, -as, -e

<fcc)

D.

P.
D.
P.

TTi<p-aTov,-aTov

TTV(f>-b), -T/S,

-y

Tenj<p-oifii, -ois, -01

,

,TeTicf)-r)Tov, -rp-ou

TT6(p-0lT0P, -oLtTJ*

rer^cp-a/xeu, -are, -dcri

TeT}j<f>-uiJ.ev, -TjTe,

-win rericp-OLiiev, -oire, -oiev

Plup. I. (I had struck, &c.)

S. i-Te-Tij(p-iv, -ets, -et

h-er^Kp-ei/rov, -eiryv
-eire,

wanting

wanting

ireTij<p-ei,fJiev,

-eicrai' (or -ecrai')

Aor, II.

(I

struck, &c.)

S. l-TVTT-ov, -es, -e

D.

P.
D.

irijTr-eTov,

-dryv

T&T-w, -ys, &c., like the Present.

T&ir-oi/ii,

-ois,

&c.,

like the Present.

irvTr-o/j.ei',

-ere, -ov

Perf. II. (I have struck, &c.)

S. ri-Tvir-a, -as, -e
rerijir-u),

&c.,
I.

like

TeTi5ir-ot/u,

like

Per-

P.
D.

Teriiw-aTov, -arov

Perfect

fect I.

TeTiTr-a/iev, -are, -aai

Plup. II. (I had struck, &c.)

S. ^-Te-Ti^TF-etv, -ets, -et

ireT&rr-eiTov, -etryv
-eiT,

wanting

wanting

P. iTT^Tr-l/JLP,

-eiaav (or

-ecraj/)

FIBST GBEEK

KKAJ>^

73

MUTE VERBS.
by the insertion of
t.

The

verb, therefore, forms

an Aor.

II.

and

Each of the other

mination,
i.e.,

tenses,

however,

may be

assigned a icrondary stem,

;

the tense characteristie, to the simple stem

;

thas the Pres.

secondary stems

and so in XiJw and other verbs.

(See p. 63, Obs. 2.)

VOICE.
IMPERATIVE.
ISFI>ITIVB.

PARTICIPLB.

TVTrr-e, -iru),

&c.

TjJT-eU

T&WT-Uy, &C.

-01/(70,

-ov,

wanting

wanting

wanting

wanting

T{np-t

nJ^-aw, -ovca,

-on,

&c.

Ti\jf-ow, -drcj,

&c

TVTp-at

riyp-as, -aaa, -of,

&c.

rinxfhe,

-h-u>,

&c,

TCTVift-ivCU

reru^wj, gen. -Atos

rerxxfy-ma, gen. -viai
TeTv<t>-6s, gen. -&tos

like the Preiient.

wanting

wanting

wanting

Ti5x-e, -iru,

&c^

like

Tvr-tip

Twr-ifir, -ovcro,

-6i',

&c.

the Present.

Ttnnr-, &c., like PerI.

Tervr-itKu

reruT-ibs,

fect

-wo, -6s, &c., like Perfect I.

wanting

wanting

wanting


74
FIKST GREEK READER,

MUTE VERBS
PASSIVE
INDIOATITK.

SUBJUNCTIVE.

OPTATIVE.

Pres. (I am beingstruck, Ac)

S. T&irr-o-fJMi -et (or
-tj},

T&KT-W-fiai.,

-J},

-TI-TCU

TVTrT-ol-firii>,

-010, -01-

-e-rat

TO
--<y9ov,

D.

TVjrr-6-fj.e6ov,

TVTT-d)-fj.e9ov, -7)- a9ov,

rvirT-ol-fj.e9ov, -oi-cr9ov,
-0l-ff97}V

-e-ffdov

T]-(r9ov

P. TVTrT-6-fieda,
-o-j^at

-e-aOe,

TVirT-w-fJ.e9a,

-q-a9e,

Tvirr-ol-/jLe9a,

-oi-ffde,

-w-vTai

-Ol-VTO

Imperf. (I was being struck,

.fee.)

S. i-TVirT-b-fj.7}v, -ov, -e-ro

D. h-vn-T-b-ixeOov, -e-aOov,
-i-adriv

wanting
-e-aOe,

wanting

P. irvirT-b-fjLeOa,
-O-VTO

Fut. I. (I shall be struck, Ac.)

S. Tv<p9'^<x-o-/j,ai,
-rj),

-64

(or

TV(j>9t)ff-ol-fJiriv,

-oi-o.

-e-TM

-Ol-TO
TV<})9r}(T-ol-fu9ov,
(t9ov, -oL-(r9rjv
-e-(79e,
-01-

D. Tv^9T)cr-6-iJ.e6ov,-e-ff6ov, wanting
-e-ffdov

P. TV(p0Ti<T-6-fit9a, o-vrai

TV<})9T)<T-ol-fie9a,
(r9e,

-ot-

-oivTo

Aor. I. (I was
S. i-T^<p0-riP,

struck,
-7)

<fcc.)

-ijs,

TV<p9-Cj,
,

-jjs,

-y

D.

M^9--n-Tov,

--^-Trjv

TV<j>9-riT0V, 'T]-TOV

TV(f)9-el-7)v, -el-rfi, -eiij

,

TV(/)9-el-7p-ov, -et-ij-

TTjV

P. iTi<}>9-7)-nev,
-ri-(xav

-17-Te,

TV<p9 d-fiev,
-Co-ffi,

-rj-Te,

TV<p9

el-tffiev,

-eifiev,
{-ei-rf-

-el-rjTe, -eiTe,
<rav), -elev

Perf.

(I

have been struck.

Ac)
S. ri-rvfi-nai,
TTVTr-Tai.

rerv^ai,

TeTVfj.-ft.ivoi, t3, ^y, ^,

TtTVfi-fLivos, etrjv, &C.,

D.
P.

TeTiifi.-fx.e9ov, TiTV<t>-9ov,

I'erf. &c., as in Pass. oi'Kvofxa.i

as in Perf. Pass, of
\ijofJ.ai

TiTV<f>9ov
TeTifx,-/jLe9a,

TiTV<f>-9e,

TeTyfi-fxivoi. (at, a),

ehl

Plup. (I had been

8. i-Te-TifJL-fi-rfv,

strack, Ac.)

irhvipo,

iThw-TO.

D. irer^n-fieOov, iThv^dop,

FEBST

G&EEK

RaJ>EL

76

continued.

yoiCK
IMPERATIVE.
INFINITIVE.
1

PAKTIGIPLE.

TlJTrT-OV,

-l-cdu

TvvT-e-ff6ai
-ihfievov

Hnrr-e-aOop, -i-a6u9

rin-t-aOe, -i-aOucoo'
(or -i-ffOuv)

waii.ting

wanting

wanting

TiKpdT^-e-aBcu

rwf>0Ti<T '6-/Mevos,

-o-

wantiDg

Ti<p&-t)-Ti, -i}-rw

TwpO-rj-vai

TxxpO-eU, -etffo, -i*

Tvip6-7}-Toy, --ff-TWV

Tcriip-Oai

rervfi-fiivos,
-liivov

-f^ri),

rh-v<p-6ov, Tenj<p-0wv
rh-vip-ffe, TeTi<f>-0u(r(w

(or -Ouv)

irfT{nf>-07}P.

P. erervfi-fieOa, h-irvip-Oe, TervufJiivoi

(at, a),

^cu>

(12S)

76

FIRST GREEK READER.

MUTE VERBS
PASSIVE VOICE
INDICATIVE.
Aor. II. (I was
S. i-Tvir-T}v,
struck,
<fcc)

SUBJUNCTIVE.

OPTATIVE.

-r]s,

&c., like

Aorist
Fut. II.-{1
-y),

I.

TVT-w, -ys, &c., like Aorist I.

Tvir-el-r]v,

-el-7]s,

&c.,

like Aorist 1.

shall

be struck, &c.)

S. TVTTT^ff-o-fiai,
&.C.,
I.

-
like

(or

wanting

Tvirrja-ol-firiv,

-oi-o,

Fu-

&c., like Future

1.

ture

Put. in. -{I

shall

have been
--g),

stnick,

<fcc.)

S. TTC\fi-o/jMi, -i (or

wanting

TiTv^-ol-H-qv, -oi-o, -oi

TO,

erai, &c., ture I.

like

Fu-

&c.,
I.

like

Fu-

ture

MIDDLE
INDICATIVE.
Pres.

SUBJUNCTIVE.

OPTATIVE.

(I strike

myself, &c.)

TijirT-o-fiai,

&c. as in Pass.
(I -vas

r&K-T-u/juu, as in Pass. TVTTT-oifitjp, as in Pass.

Imperf.

striking

myself,

<fcc.)

^-ri;7rr-6-yui;i',&c.

asinPass.
myself
-|;),

wanting

wanting

Fut.

(I shall strike

Ac.)

S. T^xp-o/Mi,

-et

(or

wanting

Tv^p-ol-ftr^v, -ot-o,

&c.,

&c., as in Pres. Pass.

1

as in Pres. Pass.

Aor.I.

(I

strack myself, Ac.)

-w, -a-TO
T{l1p-(l)-IXai,
-T],

S. i-rv\p

a.-fi.7}v,

-7]

TUL

TV\p-ai-iJ.7]v,-ai-o,-a.iTo

D. irvxp-d-fiedov,
-dff67]v

-a-adov,
-a <T6e,

TV\I/ u: /xedov, -tf-adov,

TV\p-ai-/x6ov, -ai cdov,

-Tjadov
TV\l/-d) /xeffa,

-aL-adr)v
-rj-aOe,
rv\j/-al-fj.eda,

P. irvrp-d-fieda,

-ai-ffde,

a-vTo
Aor. II. (I struck myself,
&c.)

-uj-vrai

-ai-vTo

S. i-TVir-d-fiiji',

-ov, --T0,

Tiir-0}-/jLai, -y,

&c. as
,

TVir-ol-firiP, -ot-o,

^c,

&c., as in Imperf. Pass.

Pres. Pass.

as in Pres. Pass.

Verbal A(^eclive3;

FIRST GREEK READER.

77

continued.
contimied.
IMPERATIVE.
1

INFINITIVE.

PARTICIPLE.

rinr-Tj-Oi,

-^ToSf &c.,
I.

Txrw-Tf-foi

Twr-e/j, -eiaa, -iv

like Aorist

wanting

T\nri}c-e-ad(u

Tvrr}<r-6-fievos,-o-fii^,

-6-fupw

rantiiig

reri^-e-irOcu

VOICE.
IMPERATIVE.
1

INFINITIVE.

PARTICIPLE.

Tvrr-ov

TinTT--<xO<u

TinrT-o-nvoi, &c.

wanting

wanting

wanting

wanting

Ti\p-<T0<lL

TV^-6-fievos,
-it-fievov

-o-fx^rr],

ri\j/-<u, -d-ffffu

Ti^-a-a0au
-d-liofw

Ti)yp-a-ffdov, -d-ffOuv

Hnp-a-ffOe,
(or -d-crtfw*)

-d-cOuaav

rinr-oO, -4-adw, &c., as in Pres. Pass.

Txnr-i-adat,

Tvr-6-/Jun'0i,
-6-fifvo

o-fiirri,

Tw-TOt and

Tinr-rios.


78
FIRST GREEK READER.

; :

N.B.

In

forming the future of Mute Verbs,

v are

it

must be remembered, (1.) That T, S, 6, and

(2.)

rejected before

as, avvT-co, fut. avv-aca.

That
v|/-

TT, /S,
;

or

(^,

when

united with
Xely^w

9,

forms

as,

XeiV-ft),

fut.

(XeiTr-crft))
:

Tjo//3-ft),

fut. Tply\r(a (rpl^-crbS)

ypoKp-co,

ypdy^oo (ypacp-crooy
(3.)

That

K, 7,
;

or ^,

when

united with

9,
:

forms
Xe-y-w,

as, 7rXe/c-ft), irXe^o) (7rXe/c-<ro))

(Xe'-y-crco):

Xea)

apy^-oo,

ap^co

(ap-^-crco).

Rule
tive.

XIII.

Time how
fj

long is put in the accusa-

EXERCISE XIX.
iTTTroKojULOi

Tive^ roup Tov /3a(TtXeft)9 Ittttovs

KpiOfj

Tracra?

fj/xepai erpi^ov.

Tovg lttttov^ Kai tov? ovovs

ti

Tpicpei.
(peii',

TO)

TO Kpuos Toi'9 o<pis eVy^e. Kopa Tag KOfxat iracrav t^v

jSi/SXlov

raura rpeeirKTiracs.

rjixepav KTevlT-

ovari.

TOVTO TO

Trpos

ere

Trejuy^u).

ToXag TToWai

irpog

Tovg

yove'i'i

yeypacpe 6
Trjv

TavTO. eXepav 01 yepovTeg.

tov yepovTa kol

ypavv

eSmPav
<TKr]vr]
lit]

ol Kvveg.

TroLfirjv

TOV9 avTOv Kvvas ev t^

ioloo^a.

XeXonre.

ava to ireolov tovs Qrjpag

jxe Kpv^ri<i

TavTa.*

eKpv^e to apToO yevog.

^juag

al

Kopai iravTa TavTU Tovg yoveis 'iKpv^av.

Bi/SXla Tpicbei.

Ta

The wicked groom

sells

the horse's barley.

The
to her

daughter of the king has written

many letters

* Verbs of concealing govern two accusatiTes one of the person, the other of the thing concealed.


FIRST GREEK READEE.

79
?

mother.

"WTiat did the poet write

(i.e.,

judge write this

letter
?

these things)?

The ball hit my head. The shepherds hunted the wolf into the The boys have left the balls in the garden. river. Two husbandmen were pursuing a hare through the fields. Why did the shepherd pursue the two boys 1
the

Why did the Who wrote the Why do you strike

dog

SECTION

XIII.

CLASS
1
.

III. LIQUID

VERBS.
it

In reference to Liquid Yerbs,

(1.)

must be noted

That they have no ? in the inflexion of the future and aorist, and that the termination
o)
;

-eo)

{i.e. -ecrco)

is

contracted into

as, fxepco, fut. fjLev-e{a)Q), fxevw.

(2.

That they shorten the penult in the future (when possible), by omitting the second
of

two

vowels
fut.

or

consonants;
;

as,

a^iXKuif
aTrepu).
(3.)

(rreXa)

(nreipoo,

fut.

That they lengthen the penult of the

aorist,
(pr]va:
(TTrepcoy

first

a
e

into

17

or d;
as,
i

(palvw,

(pavoo,

into

ei;

(nreipco,

fut.
as, as,

aor.

ecrTreipa:

into
into

t;

Kplvw,
ajULuvco,

KpXvw,

cKplva:

u;

ajuvvw, fj/Mva.
of

(4.)

That many of them change the vowel

the stem in the perfect;
'perf. e(TT-a-Xica.

as, crr-e-XXo),


80
FIRST GREEK HEADER.

LIQUID
ACTIVE
INDICATIVE.

SUBJUNCTIVE.

OPTATIVE.

S.

Pres. (I report, &c) dYyiKX-w, -en, -et, &c.

dyyi\\-w,

-jji, -tj,

&c.

d77A\-ot-ptt,

-oty,

&c.

Imperf.
S. ijyyeXK-ov, -ej, -e,

&c.

wanting

wanting

Fut.
S. (i77eX-w, -eis, -ei

P. d77eXoO/te>',
D.
,

i.yyeX-f'iTov, -eiTov
-eire,

wanting

dyyeX-OLTov,
,

dyyeX-oifMi.,'^ -oty, -ot

-oi-rr]*

dyye\-o?/Mev,
-diev

-oire,

-ovcri

Aor.

1.
-e,

S. iJYyetX-a, -ay,

&c.

dyyeCX-u),

-rjs,

^,

&C.

d77e/\-ot/i:, -aty,

-at,

&c.

Perf.S. IjyyeXK-a, -ay, -e,

&c.

^77A/c-w,

"Tjy,

&c.

rjyyiXK-oifii, -oty,

&c.

Plup.S. 7]ryyfKK-lV, -y,

&C.

wanting

wanting

Aor.

n.
&C.

S. ijyye\-ov, -ey, -f,

477A-W,

-Tjy,

&c.

dyy^X-oifM,
-/it,

-oty,

&c.

* In

Liquid Verbs, Pure Verbs, and Verbs in

the Optative

PASSIVE
INDICATIVE.

SUBJUNCTIVE.
of,

OPTATIVE.

Pres. (lam reported

S. dyy0<-o-fiai,

Ac.)

--g,

&c.

dyyAX-w-yttat,

-|;,

&c.

dyyeW-ol-nr]P, &c.

-oto,

Imperf.
S. rjyyeW-d-fiTiv, -ov, &c.

wanting

wanting

Fut.

I.
--q,

S. dyye\6-^<T-(h/icu,

&c.

wanting

dyy\07j<T-ol-iXTiv, - oi-o,

&c.
Aor. I.s.

irn^o-w, -vh &c.

iyyeXO-d,

-^s,

&c.

iyye\6-el-7]v,-l-i]s,&.C.

FIRST GREEK READER.

81

VERBS.
VOICK
IMPERATIVE.

INFIMTIVK.

PARTICIPLE.

AyyeXX-e, h'os, &c.

d-yyAX-etv

d77AX-<i>i', -owra, -ov

wanting

wanting

wanting

iyYek-eiv

wanting

d7^eX-wv, -ovaa, gen. -ovrrm

-ovr,

dyyeiX-ov, -d-rw, &c.

ayyeiXai

ayyeiK-as, -aaa,

av

wanting

riYyt^K-ivai

^-,7eXjc-ws, -via, -6s

wanting

wanting

wanting

is

8.yye\-e, -iru, &c.

dTVeX-fii'

d-p/eX-a-v, owra, -6v

frequently

made

in

-oiriv, -oirji,

&c., instead of -oifu, &c.

VOICE.
IMPERATIVE.
ISFI5ITIVE.
1

PARTICIPLE.

dTvAXoV, -^-(T^W,

&C

dyyAX-e-ff^ot

irfyiKX-b-ixevoi,
fidtnf,

-o-

-6-nevov

wanting

wanting

wanting

wanting

irf^/iXBriff-e-ffdai.

dy>fX5i7r-6-/xo'os,
fUvT], -6-/ieyov

-o-

iyyikOri-Ti, -^03, &c.

ayyeXO-Tivat,

dyyeXd-eit,

-elffa, -iv

82

FIRST GBEEK READER.

LIQUID VERBS
PASSIVE VOICE
INDICATIVE.

8UBJ0NOTIVK.

OPTATIVE.

Perf.
S. ijyyeX-/j.ai.,

-aai,

-Tai,

rjyyeX-pLivos
c3,

(-7?,

-ov),

riyy\-iJ.h>oi
etrjv,
etrjs,

{-v,

-ov),

&c.

^s,

Tjf

&c.

&c.

Plup.
S. -firyyiX-tiriv, -ffo, -to,

&C.

wanting

wanting

Aor.

II.
-tjs,

S. 7iyyi\-r]P,

&c.

d77eX-tD,

-^jj,

&c.

dyyeX-el-riP,

-el-ris,

&c.

Fut. II.S. dyyeX-^a-o-fiai,

-et

(or

wanting

dyy\Tjff-ol-/j.r)P,

-oi-o,

V), &c. Fut.

&c.

in.
wanting
wanting

wanting

MIDDLE
INDICATIVE.
StJBJUNCtltE.

OPTATIVE.

Fut. (I

sliall

report myself, dyyeX-ol-ixrjp,

-oi-o,

Ac.)
S. dyye\-ov-iJ.ai,-et{or-'S]i

-eirai

ol-TO
-et-

D.

dyye\-oij-fJLedov,
ffOoV, -1-<70OP

wanting

dyyeX-ol-fieOop,
(tOop, -ol-<rdr]v

-ci-

P. dyye\-oij-/jLe6a, -ei-aOe, -ov-pfai

dyyeX-oL-fieOa, -dl-ade,
-0I-PT0

Aor. I-.
S. TfyyCK-d-ft.7}P, -w, -a-ro,
dyyeC\-w-iJ.ai,
-j?,

-t}-

dyyeiX-al-firiv,
-ai-TO,

-ai-o,

&c.
Aor.

rai, &c.

&c.

n.dyyO\.-oyfiai,
-11,

S. fiyy\-&-iJ.r}P, -oVf-e-TO,

-t)-

dyyeX-ol-firiP,
-oiro,

-oi-o,

&c.

TOt, &c.

&c.

Verbal Adjectives

FIRST GREEK READEK,

83

'

contimtid.

0}itimied.

IMPERATIVE.

IHFINITIYK.

PARTICIPLE.

1jryye\-ffo, -0w,

&c.

^Oi-0ai
-fj.evov

trantiog

wanting

wanting

dYyOi.-r}-6i,

-^rw, &c. ayyeX-rj vai

d77eX-e(s,

-etffo,

-h

iranting

iyyeX-fyr-e-ff Oai

dyycXijff-^/iCToj

wanting

wanting

wanting

VOICE.
IMPERATIVB.
IJfFINITITE.

PARTICIPLE.

d77eX-ct-(r^cu

dyye\-o6-nepot,

-ou-

wanting

iy^eCkai, -d-a$ta,

&c

ayy[\-a-a6ai

ayyfi^-d-nevoi,
/iivT],

-a-

-d-fievop

iyyi\-ov, -i-aOu, &c.

iyyeX-^-aOtu

dyye\-6-fuPos, -o-fUnh
-o-pLevm

iyyt\-r6s and dyyeX-r^oj.

84

FIRST GREEK READER.

EXEECISE XX.
oi vavrai Trjv
TOiinrjv

ajKvpav

els rr]V

OdXaTrav ^dWovari
irpo^
ere
Tt]i^

Tov avTOv vlov

/BaWo).

ig fia-^r]v ecrreiXe.

rrjv cr<paipav

irpog ere

acpaipav ^a\w.
ot
Troifieveg

01

TracSeg

tov^ ocpei^ \i6oii

e^aWov.
6

TOV XvKOV ^aKTrjplai^ e/SaXov.

oXrjv Tt]V ^fiepav

Sea-irorijs
t'l /me

ev

Tw

Kr/TTO)

ejueivav

al Kopai.

tov kukov

SovXov

1^ (pvXaKrjv

^e^XijKe.

Sia
vooop.

XiOcp e'ySaXe?;

^aXXcTe
f]

Tci^ (r(paipa^ e<V

/ce/cXt/ce.

to

fieivov fieff ^fioov,

yap rjStj OaXuTTUv (pavei

rijiiepa

r/? fxoi Trjv oSov irpog Ttjv

',

Tr]v

Ked)aXr]v fiov TeT/xtjKa^ XiOip

lirirov
e/cXe\|/^e,

TOV oovXov, 09 TOV

^i^XrjKev 6
fiev.

efjiov

ei?

cbvXaKrjt

KpiTTj^.

TToXXou? Twv TToXefiioov diroKTevov'

al yvvaiKeg tu^ tov yipovTog Kofiag eTiXXov.

fit]

Tag TOV KpiTov Kojuag

fir]

Kcipe.

rap tov KpiTov Kofiai

Keiptjg.

Do
sailors

not throw the anchor into the

sea.

Two

were casting an anchor into the

sea.

Mothers!

do not send your sons to the war.

struck the old
balls into the

Some one has

not throw the
will strike the

man with
air.

a stone.

Do

The shepherds

dog with
prison.

sticks.

My

father has put his slave in

The boys will stay the livelong day in the wood Boys do not remain all day in the forest. The shepherds sent their Stay with us, my friend. Tlie two boys were throwing sons to the war. Sailors stones into the sea. do not throw the dog
! !

into the sea.

prison.

We

shall cast the

wicked thieves into

I shall

remain the livelong day in the temple.

BTEST GREEK READER.

86

SECTION

XIV.

PASSIVE VOICK
EXEECISE XXI.
Xvovrai
VTTO Tcov
01 ovoi

airo tcov kiovcov.

oi

Xayw

^peOfjcrap

Tov ycwpyov Kvvwv.

ol nrnroi ck

tov apfiUTog
KO')(\iai

eKvOrjcrav.

ol koXu) XeKvvrai viro

twv vavrwv.
ev

TToXXoi VTTO TOiv ovolu iralooiv TOV linroKOfiov wttt^Orjcrav.

rj

oiKia

Kolerai.

cu

r^

KWfiri

oiKiai
KwfjLrji

Kaiovrat.
oiKiai^.
01

ixa-)^aipai

evpicTKOvrai ev Tai<i r^y

TToXiToi TrioTevovrai viro

VTTO

twv crrpaTiwruiv
VKa

Z.VO(pU)V
apert]?.
(jKtjvTj

TWV TToXlTWV
eoiaxovTO.

OaVfJLa^eTai
fj

T^S

ol Xayo)

tov '^evocpcovTOi
to.

VTTO TU)V

^ap^apwv Tayy
ol

eKalero.

vTroTvyia
ol

ijXavvTO.
(Tocpol
770i'r]poi

ol iTTTTOi oia TOV

TTeolov i^XavuovTO.

TifjiojvTai,

Se

alcr-^oi

ov

Tificovrai.

ol

ovK a^ioi iai (ptXelcrOai.

evpKTKeTai.
oi

rrj oiKia
eiri

apyvpa* icvTreXXa ev twv apicmav Tlepawv TralSeq

ol iraiSeg viro
tu>

Tais paaiXecos Ovpai^ iraioevovTai.

eiraioev6r](rav.

TOV avTov oioacrKaXov

Kopa viro
irdvTWv

TOV avTOv dioa(rKaXov eTraidevO^Trjv.

inro

TWV

TroXcTU)V aK0V(r6fl(Tt],

u>

ptJTop.

Some swords were found in the citizen's garden. The farmer's horses have been unyoked from the waggon. The boys have been educated by their own father. The soldiers' tents were quickly burned
More
First and Second Declensions, e before o^ of the dual and plnral, and i anything but a diort rowel, rererse tlie i^eneral role of contraction (see p S9); aa, oiTTni, oora; tarkn), StrAq; Sia-Ao^i, Stz-Ay.

In the

86

PIKST GEEEK KEADER.

A silver cup was found in the shepThe serpents were struck by the boys with sticks. The worthless slave was cast into Many of the enemy were prison by his master. The majority of the enemy were slain by tlie slain.
by the enemy.
herd's tent.

Greeks.

My

head has been

for

cut with

stone.

Cyrus was sent

Artaxerxes.

from his province by his brother,

for
{i.e.,

The poet was admired

on

account

of) his learning.

MIDDLE YOICE AND DEPONENT VERBS.

Rule XIV.
accusative;
distant.

Measure

of distance is

put in

the

as,

cnre^ei SeKa araSlov^, it is ten stadia

EXERCISE XXII.
ol

aTpanwraL
koi

avSpeioog e/md-^ovro.
Ttjg
ap'^rj^,

Aapeio^ J^vpov
avrou (yaTpairriv

fxeTaireiXTreraL
eTTOirjcre

airo

^9

crrpaTriyov

oe

avrov onreoei^e Travrcov

oaroi eig J^acTTOciXov TreSlov

aQpolXpvTai.
01

6 K.vpos
Tfjyol TOL'9

eTrJ

Tov aSeXtpou ecrrpareveTO.

jmeraTrefxyp^ovrai.
(rcortjpias

arpa-

ayyeXovs
irepi

6 ^aaiXevg
ev

e^ovXevaaro

r^g

r^?

apj^rj^.

tm

rpiTW a-TaO/xw J^vpos e^eraaiv

irep\
fxea-a^

Troieirai roov '^Wrjvoov

vvKra<i.

Trepl

t^? TrarpiSoi fxa-^wfieOa.

(TcoTrjpias.
r]

^ovXevoo/neOa Trepl T^p

twv ttoXitwv

AjoraSe fx^rtjp,
irpo

^ep^t]^ (TvXXa/ui^dvei J^vpov, w? cnroKTevuiv'

ePaiTTjcraixevrj

avrov, a7ro7re/uxet
^ovXevrrai.
[jlol,

eiri Ttjv ap-^tjv.

Tifitjs
y^jpij

TOV epyov
^ovXovrai.

ev

Travre^

yevaacrQai
6aviJ.oul^eiv

airoKpLval
01

tivos evcKa

avSpa

TTOiTjTi^u',

a-rparcwTai

eis fJi-a-^v

era^avro.

FTEST GREEK READER.

87

The king
(province).

senfc-for his

brother from his government

to send for her son
field

The queen wishes

from his province.

Artaxerxes.

Cyrus took the

against

The king reviewed

let

his soldiers about

midnight.
city.

Let us consult about the safety of the

us carefully delib-

Before (we take) action

erate.

All of us wish to taste liberty.

of Cyrus begged

him

off (for herself),

The mother and sent him

away

to his province.

The

citizens

arranged them-

selves for battle.

Let us beg off our friends.

Do

not send for (to yourselves) the wicked citizens.

MISCELLANEOUS SENTENCES.
Prepositions,

when compounded with

from,

Verbs, retain
for

generally their proper signification;

airo e^eiv, to keep
to

go up,

as, aTre-^eiv,

i.e.,

to

refrain; ava ^alvw^

Le.,

ascend, mount.

EXCIS yynrr,

ore

ai oiKiai eKaiovro,

ol TroXiTai

airechevyov.

6
ol

Kyyoo? e^eXavvei Sta t^? AvSiag crraOfxov^ Toei?.

iroXiTai TrXoIa ovk ei-^ov.

ra

Orjpla CTpe-vev.

ore al

AOrjvai eKaiovro ol TToXiTai

a(p iirirov eOi^peve 6
J7

eTrt

ra irXoca ave^aivov.
^ucoKere, cnre-vov.

Tlep(Tt](;.
fxr]

oiKia avuyyeo} e-^ei iroXXa.

iraiSeg,
eir).

TOi'9 Xaydog.
iTTTTov

twv alar-^wv

fjSovijov

to}^

avapaivei 6 veavia^.

6 ttoXitti^ tov aSeX<p6v

Aapto(!, 6

povXeva-crai.

ol TroXiTai ^ovXeva-ovrai.

88

FIRST GREEK BEADER.

aoeXipo^, Tov J^vpov fierairefx^eTai airo t^? apvjj^.

01
TToXe/iiioi

7n

TOV

I3acri\ia

earpaTevaavro.
rtj

(TTpaTrjyo? (Tvv
oi

T019 (TTpaTKVTai? eOvcre

KpiTrjv

^AO^vd.
fxev

TToXiTai

TOV

eTTeiaav.

KXeaoYOf

tov
6

oe^iov Kepoog ^yeiTai,

MeVcov e tov

evoovvjuov.

nrTTOKOfio^ KaTeirrjorjtjev airo tov apjuaTO?.

yv/j-vaYeTe
r/Sovi]

Ta

(TU)fJi.aTa,

co

iraiSeg.

iroXXaKi^

jSpaveia

fxaKpav TLKTei

Xinrrjv.

irluTeve toI? awcbpocn.

J^vpog

CKoXecre tovs (pvyaoa^, ku] eKeXevaev avTOv^ aTpuTeve-

a9at

(Tvv avTca.

ol fiev ovv avev ol

S"

(jaKwv (beuyovcrr ol
eTi
^L(pt]
e/c

oe ev TOts ^[(pecri TTLTrTOVcn'

fia-^ovTai-

twv

Tei-vwh

ava Se

to.

opr]

kcitui
rj

re,

koI eyvr]^
TropOfxev^

Kal

St]

KOI fieXcov
>]or],

fxeprj.

Nf^op

fxev,

airoXcoXev
Qvr](jKovai

Kai ovoev i^J^o? eVi Xolttov avTijs' airo-

yap

Kal at vroXeif, uxrirep avBpwvroi.

The

soldiers

were fleeing without their

shields.

Two

swords were found in the shepherd's hut.

The

farmers have found two silver cups in the slave's

cottage.
field.

father

war.
night.

The master sent for his servant from the The slaves wished to taste liberty. The begged his son off, and sent him away to the The generals reviewed the soldiers about midThe citizens are about to take the field

against the enemies of their king.

Do

not send for

are

the boy from the wood.

fleeing

The

soldiers' children

with

their

fathers'

shields.

The

king's

generals
palace.

review the soldiers in the garden of the

The two shepherds

will

remain the livelong

night in the snow.

FIBST GBEEK RKAPKR.

89

SECTION

XV.

SECOND CONJUGATION VERBS IN

1.

-fJH-

Verbs in

-/xi

are of a

than verbs in

-co,

but are much

more ancient formation less numerous. They

-w, in the Present,

differ in inflexion

from verbs in

Im|erfect (Active, Passive,

II.

and Middle), and Aorist

this

(Active and Middle).

2.

The stems which adopt

mode
e,

of conjugav.

tion end in one of the vowels, a,

o,

or

In the
prefixed,
i\

Present and Imperfect a reduplication

is

consisting of the initial consonant of the stem, with

thus, the

stem

So-,

give, is lengthened
-fxi,

into Sw-,
Sco-jni,

which, with the person ending,

makes

and
0e-,

this again, with the redupKcation,

Si-Soi)-iJ.i.

So
11,

lengthened into

6r]-,

with person ending,

ri-Orj-iai.

6r}-/xi,

and
on

with reduplication,
Reduplication.)
3.

(See p.

62,

If the stem

begin with
is

cr,

or

an aspirated
prefixing
(rrrj-,
t

vowel,

the
;

reduplication
thus,

made by
lengthened

aspirated

stem

crra-,

with

person
^-(m]-fjLi.

ending,

a-rrj-fjn,

and

with

reduplication

Compare

sto

and

si-sto, in Latin.

4.

The three
tifjii,

verbs, tIQthjh,

I place,

SiSw/xi,

I give,

'and
-era,

I
;

send, have the inflexion -ku, instead of

;

in the first aorist indicative active

as, edrjKay

eSoDKa, T]Ka

but

this

form

is

used almost solely

in

the singular.
ties,

For these and other minor

peculiari-

consult the paradigms.

90

FIRST GEEEK EEADER.

VERBS
The
student will
declension.

remember

that the stem of tffrrifu

is (ttH-

of rlOrifu,

0e-,'

that of the inflexion, as, Ti.6wfiep for

Ti0i-wfj.ev,

the hyphen has

The

parts not here given are regularly declined, like

ACTIVE
INDICATIVE.

SUBJUNCTIVE.
<fcc.)

OPTATIVE.

Pres.
S.

(I set

up

or erect,

D.

t(rr-r]fu, -rji, -rjcri

,

iffT-arop,

-arov
-5.(n{p)

IffT-u, -ys, -5
,

laT-rJTOP, -rJTOP

IffT-al-qp, -alrji, -air]

,laT-alTjTOP,-airin]v*
-alijTe,

P. tar-a/jLev, -are,

lffT-Q/ji,P, -Tjre,

-W(n(v)

lar-aLrj/xep,
(-alTjffav),

-aiep

Imperf. (I was erecting, (fcc.)

S.
X<rr-7)P, -7?y, -i;

D.
P.

tor- arov, -<krrip -are, -aaap

stood, &C.)
-;

wanting

wanting

trr-S.ft.tP,

Aor. II. (I
S.

D.
P.

fOT-TjV,
,

-77J,

(TT-tD,
,

-ys,

iar-yp'OP,

ffTf^p

(TT-TJTOP, -rJTOP

ffT-alvp, -alfjs, -al-q

,

ffr-alr]TOP,

-af^rjv

i<rr-rifiP, -Tire, -riffap

(j-T-w/iep, -ijre, -W(n{p)

ar-airinep, -airire, {-airjffav)

-aUp

MIDDLE
Pres. (I
S.

erect myself, or
<fcc.)

stand,

XaT-afiai, -atrat, -arai

IcTT-dfiedoP,

IcTT-wfiai, -y, -rJTai

l<TT-alfiriP, -aio,

-atro

D.

-affdop,

loT-difieOov,
-TJffOoP

-rjffdop,

l<TT-alfie6ov,

-aitrOoP,

-acrOop

-alffdyv
-rtaOe,

P. la-T-dfi6a,-a(r0,-aPTai
Imperf.^
S.

IffT-thfieda,

-u-

l(TT-alfi0a, -aicde, -ai-

PTai
(I

PTO

was erecting
<fec.)

myself,

lar-AfiriP, -aero,
IffT-d/J-eOop,

-aro
-a(x6op,

D.

wanting

wanting

-dffOrjP

P. lar-dfieOa, -avOe, -avro

Aor.

II.
wanting wanting

wanting

* The Dual and Plural Optative are usually

FIBST

GREEK READER.

91

IN

-^n.

and of SlS<aiu, So- : bat since the Towd of the stem is often nnited with been placed with a r^ard, not to the pnre stem, bat to conrenienee of XiJw; as,fuL a-Hfiu; aor. i<miaa\ perf. tarriKa, &C. (See p. 96.)

VOICE.
HCPKRATITE.
nfPIKITIVB.

PARTICIPLB.

i0T-a>u

Irr-di, -dirroi
Itrr-cura, -dtrns

, ,

IffT-SiTOV,

-I^UP
[-t-

Xar-OTi, -ivTujp

loT-dM, -dm-oi

aav)

wanting

wanting

wanting

,
, ,

rr-rfii,

--Ifrta

ar-r^iu.

ar-ds, -drrot
ffT-wTCif -dtnis

OT-TJfTOf, -ijrtint

ffT-TTc,

-cuTwr

(or

ar-dp, -djrroi

VOICE.

, ,

EoT-w

lirr-iffo*,

Xar-affdop,

-daOu -daOwv
(-<-

Xar-iiaOai

lar-dfuroi, -ofjJrov
loT-ofkiyth -a/jLirrp

XoT-aaOe, -daOitr

loT-dfUKm, -o/Upov

wanting

wanting

wanting

wanting^

wanting

wanting

oootracted into -vuror, -aiTTjv, Sec.

(128)

92

FIBST ORK HEADER.

VERBS IN
INDICATIVE.

-Ml

ACTIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE.
OPTATIVE.

Pres. {I
S. t16-7]/m,

place,

.fee.)

-jjs,

-770-4

P.
D.

Tid-Si, -Js, -%
,

TlO-erov, -erov

Tld-TJTOP, -TJTOV

TiO-elijv, -elrjs, -drj

,

TiO-elriTov, -ei-qrt})'*
-et-

rld-efiev, -ere, -iaai[v),

Tid-diiev, -rjre, -Gxnly)

Tid-elr}fuv, -eirjTe,

and

-ei<7i.[p)

{-elr)(rav)

Imperf.
D. P.

(I

was placing, &c.)

-r]s,
-r?

S. iTid-riv,

h-iO-erov, -irriv

wanting

wanting

irlO-efiev, -ere, -effUP

Aor. (I
D.
,

piaceii,

ifec.)

S. id-q-Ka, -Kas, -K

d-d, -ps, -S
,

6-elr]v, -elrjs, -elr)

^-erov, -injv

d-7JT0V, -TJTOV
-lyre, -tDo-t(y)

d-eliyrov, -nrjryjv
-eirjTe,

P. id-efiev, -ere, -e<xav, or

O-Q^ev,

9-elrifxei>,

-eUp

[-dt}(Tav)

MIDDLE
Pres.

(I

place myself, &c.)

S. Tld-efiai, -eacu, -eroi

D.Ti.d-4/j.edop,
-effdop,

Tid-Qnai, -,
Tid-iifie6ov,
-TjcrOov

-^oif
-rjadov,

Tid-fl/xrju,

-no, -etro
-eurOoi',

rid-eifieOov,
-eladr)v

-ecrdov

P. Tid-ifJLeda, -eade, -ei^ai TiO ii}/j.9a,,-^ade,-wVTai ri6-el/jLeda,-et.cr9,-iyTO

Imperf.

(I

was placing myAc.)

self,

S. irid-i/ifiv, -effo, -era

wanting

wanting

D.

irid-iixidov,

-eadov,

P. irid-ifj-eda, -eade, -evro

Aor. II.
S.

(I

placed myself,
9-CifMi, -, -ijrcu
6-(bfjie6op,
O-elfi-qv, -eto,
-)-

.fee)

id-^/JLTlV,

(0OV{-ffo), -T0

-e?ro
-eicf^ov,

D.

iO-ip-edov, -eaOoy, -iaO-qv

-fjcOov,

6-elpLedov,

a-dov

P. id-ineda, -eade, -evro

0-d)/xe6a, -T)cr0e,

-wrrai 6-dfie6a, -elade, -eivro

* These forms are usually contracted

f Otherwise

accented, 1.

riBSX

GRKEK READKK.

93

continued.

VOICE.
IMPERATIVE.
1

ISFIHITITK.

PARTICIPL8.

, , ,

Ti$-ei [Tie-idi],

-hu

Tid-iyai
TiB-eiffo, -elffiji

Tid-erov, -irojv
rld-ere, -ivrwv {-h-ta-

Tid-iv, -irros

cav]

wanting

wanting

wanting

-, e-h

(for OiOi),

-h-u

d-firat
O-eiffOi,
-eLffrjs

O-irof, -irup
d-ere, -irrvp [-iruaop)

e-ip, -4vTos

VOICE.

rld-ov {(orTideffoj.-iffOu)

rlO-caOai

Ttd-ifiepos, -ffjL^ov

TiS-efUmj,

-euiinr\s

Tl$-ea0e, -icOuv [-iaOuxrav]

TtB-ifuvov,

-^ivov

wanting

wanting

wanting

0-o\j (for Qiao),

-loOu

e-4c0ai

0-iftevot, -fUvov

9-icdow, -iaQup
e-icOe, -iaOur
ffav)

{-Muh

9-ifiePOf, -fih>ov

into -eiTov, -Ln]i>, See.

94

FmST GE READER.

VERBS IN
INDICATIVB.

-fii

ACTIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE.
OPTATIVE.

Pres. (I
D.

Rive, &c.)

S. Sld-w/j.1, -wj, -W(Ti

5t5-w,

-(ps,

-(p

did-OTOP, -oTov
-6d(ri(v)

SlS-wtop, -Qtop

Si5-o[r]P,
,

-olrjs,

-olri

diS-oli}TOP, -oirp-riP

P. U8-ofiv, -ore,
(or 5i5-o0o-i)

StS-ufiep, -Gire, -w(Ti[p)

Si5-oi7]fiP, -olrp'e, -oiep

{ol7](rap)

Iinperf. (I was giving, &c.) S. iSld-icv, -wr, -w D. iSlS-orov, -bryip

wanting

wanting

V. iSid-o/Mev, -ore, -ocrap

Aor. II. (I gave, &c.)

S. I5w-/ca, -Kas, -Ke

5-w,

U.

IS-OTOV, -6t7jv

-<?s,

-V
-w(rt(>')

5-oiTjP, -olr]!,

-oIt]

8-Qtop, -wtop

b-oitfrop, -oirp-r]p
-olrp-e,
-oiei>

P. iS-ofiep, -ore, -oaav, or

5-wpLep, -GiTe,

8-ol7]fiep,

^SUKCW

{olt](Tap)

MIDDLE
Pres. (I
D.
P.
give myself;
<fcc)
(f,

S. SlS-onai, -0(7oi,

-oral
-odt-d-di/jLeOop

-urai
-Qffdop,

Sld-olflTJP, -010,

-OITO

Sid-6/xedop, ffdoP

-oadop,

diS-olfiedop,

-oiadop,
-otade,

-wcOop
SiS-difieda,

-oiad-qp

5id-6/J.9a, -oade, -ovrai

-waOe,

5iS-oiiJ,e9a,

-WPTdl

-OiPTO

Imperf. (I was
myself,
<fcc)

giving

S. ibiZ-bfi-qp, -OV

{-0(T0),

-OTO

D. idid-6nedov,
-bce-qp

-offdop,

wanting

wanting

P. i8i8-b)xeea, Aor. II.

S.

-o<r6e,

-opto

(I

gave myself;
-OV,
{-oao),
S-UfJMI., -<p

Ac)
iS-6fJ.r)p,

-G)Tai

olfj.r]P, t-dio,

-olro
-oi<T0op,

OTO

D. id-6^e6op,
c6t]P

-oadop,

-6-

S-iti/xeOop,

Qadop,
-QaOt,

-G>-

d-olfiedop,

ffOop

-olaO-qp
-u>-

P. iS-6/ieda, -oaOe, -opto

S-dfieOa,

5-olfj.eOa, -oiaBe, -oZVre

PTai

FIBST

GREEK HEABfiB.

95

continued.

70ICK
IMPBRATITK.
INHNITITE.
PARTICIPLK.

5i5-ou (5/5-o^i), -irw

5/5-orov, -irrujv
5t5-OTe,

5t3-6vot

Sid-ovs, -6VT0S
Sid-ovffa, -0VCT1JS
8iS-6v, -6vTos

-bvTwv (-6^a^

wantiDg

wanting

wanting

SoOvcu
,

5-6tov, -6tii)p

Sovffa, Sovar]S
[-&Tia-

d&re,
aav]

-bvrav

S6v, S6irros

VOICE.

5/5-ou

{-<xTo),

-6<t9w

SlS-oa0ai

Si5-6fievoi, -0/j.ivov

dlS-oaOoy, -b<jQwv
5/8-00-^6,

-baOusv

(-6-

StS-6fuyov, -o/xipov

wanting

wanting

wanting

8o0

(36cro),

loodu)

86ff0aA

56fievoi, Sofi4vov

.,

S6c0ov, SixrOuv
hbcBe,

So/xhrrj, So/ji^rrjs

SScOuv

56-

SSfievov,

hofihav

96

FIRST GREEK READER.

VERBS IN

-fxi

ACTIVE
INDICATIVB.
Pres.

SUBJUNOTIVH.

OPTATIVE.

(I

show, &c.)
Seiiani-(i),
-jis,

S. SelKPv-fu, -y, -<n

(formed

-jfc &C., regularly

8eiKvi-oi/xif

-otj,

&c.,

D.

(from SeiKPvu)

SelKvv-Tov, -TOP
-dffi[i')

from

deiKPiJw)

P. SelKvv-ixev, -re,
[or SiKvvffi{v]]

Imperf.

(I

was showing,

S. iSelKvv-v, -s, iSelKvv

D.

iSeiKvv-Tov, -TTJv

wanting

wanting

P. iSeiKuv-nev, -re, -(rap

MIDDLE
Pres. (I show
myself, &c.)
S. delKPv/JUii, -ffai, -rai

SeiKv^-ufiai,

-77,

&c.,

deiKPV-olfirjp, -010,

&c.,

(from SeiKP^u)

(from SetJwiJw)

D. SeiKvi-fieOop,-aOop,-a0op
P. deiKvv-neda,
-ff$e,

-vtm

Imperf. (I was showing

myself,
<fcc.)

S. iSeiKPv-/J,r]P, -(TO, -TO

D. ideiKprj-fieOov,
-(rOrjp

-cdop,
-(rde,

wanting

wanting

P. i8eiKpA-/ie9a,

-rro

The

parts of these

Verbs which do not appear

in the foregoing

Tables are

ACTIVE.
Pres.
T[&Tr)fii

Imperf. Put. |Aor.

tcrrriP
(jT'^(ri))
di)(r<i}

1.

Aor.n,

Perf.
I

Plup.

Pres.
t(jTafiai

Imperf.
tffTafiriv

Scrrrjcra ?CrT7]P

T[d7]/M
5lScj}fii

h-ie-nv
i5i5(i)V

\id7}Ka

rideiK(vh-^6elKea> rtOefiai
(ISwv)
'

Slbo/J-at

iSiSdfit^p
I

SelKvvfit ldlicvvp,Sel((i) i^Set^a

d^Seixd iSeSelxeiP, SelKPVfiai iSeiKPiJuriP


FTBST GREEK BEADES.

97

continued.

VOICE.
IMPEBATITE.
INFISITIVE.

PARTICIPLE.

ielKvv [hflicvvBC], SeiK-

Seucpv-pcu

Seucyi-i, -rros

PVTU

,
,

deiKW-TOP, -TOW
SelKvv-Te,
ffav)

-vrwv {-rv-

SetKPiHTa, -aifi SeiKvi-f) -pros

wanting

wHnting

wanting

VOICE.

SeiKvii-ffo, -(tOw

StlKWV-ffBcU
ittKwv-ftim}, -/limji
SeiKvi-fjieyoy, -/livov

,
,

SelKW-ffOov, -adwv
idKvu-ffde, -ffOwv
[-ffObi-

aap)

wanting

wanting

wanting

declined regularly.

All the Tenses are seen in the following scheme:

PASSIVE.
Fut.
I

MIDDLK
Aor.
I.

Pert
ridft/iai,

Plup.
Pres. and
iredel/jLijv

Fut.
Imperf.
$-f)<rofuu

Aor.

0ra6-fyToiiai icrridtpi Ifarafiai

Ttd^ffo/juu
iod-^ffofiai

iridriv
i560T]v

\idinyiv
\iS6fJLT]P

S^dofiai
iSedeiyfirjv

same

as in SdlCOfJLCU

Passive.


98
FIRST GREEK READER.

ACTIVE VOICE.
EXERCISE XXIV.
ol

crrpariMTai
)(i\iovs

Tpoiraiov

e(TTrj(rav

(1

aor.)

ol

iTTTrei^ etf

Trapa l^Xeap-^ov ecmja-av (2 aor.)

roi^ auOpcoTTOig Geo? iroXXa

ayaOa
K.vpo9
(ttu),
vrjCTO^

riOrjcriu.

ol Oeol

iravra to.
fivpiov^
KLvrjaoo.

ayaOa
rjixiv

SiSoda-i.

eSooKe

J^Xedp-^w

SapeiKovS'

oo^

irov
fj

koi

tov Koajmov

S6t

TO. ^i<pr}.

(palverai irvp ava-

SiSovaa
Tovs

j/u/fTo?.

ol TToXefxioi eTirov,

oTi ovk aTroSoiev

vcKpovs.
fxicrOov

ol

apyovre^

T01/9

vo/nov^

TcOeiKdcnv.

KardOeg

tois Sov\oi(i.

u/xei"?

tou? ^ A.9rjvaLOV^
ol
(ttu).

emcrare Ta fiaKpa a-Trjcfai Tel-^. dOXa Tots (rrpaTiu)Tai<! eOecrav. TTtj

oTi eKaa-Ttp tcov (piXoov
cKQelvai TraiSlov.
vojuovg,
r^w.

crTpaTrjyol

ovk e^w

ovk e^ecrnv dvSp). Qtj^aio)

A^VKOvpyog, 6 Oe^s A-aKeSaijuovioig

^v.
vfiiu

cro^coraTOf

evrv^eiv Sotev ol Qeol.

CTTriXri ecTTriKe

irapa tov vaov ypafx/xaTa eyovcra.

(1

The

father gave

aor.) the

Give the shepherd his staff again.*

given Cyrus ten thousand
stand? (2 aor. suhj.)
soldiers.

book to his son. The Greeks have

Where

shall

we

The

island revolted from the

Athenians.
opt.)

(I

me

faithful

pray that) God would grant (2 aor. friends. We very much admire
(lit.

Lycurgus,

who made
act.)

the person having made,

2 aor. part,
rich! give

laws for the Lacedaemonians.

Ye

some part of your goods to the poor. The general has given thirty* days' pay (say, the pay of
tliirty

days) to the soldiers.

when
the

* Use aTToit'Sufu

meaning

is to

give back, or to givt what

is

dm,

Aa

FIKST

GEEEK READKB.

99

I
MIDDLE AND PASSIVE VOICE&
EXEECISE XXV.
01

crrpaTiurrai

<tvv
6i/j.r]v

iroXK^

<TirovSrj

KaOlcrravTo.

/j.T]Seva

Koxov av

aTpaTtjyov.
ixrjvwv

r^ (rrpaTin

t6t

/ulktOo^

Terrdpoou

viro

J^vpov aireSoOt].

Ka<TTU)

Twv orpaTiurrwv
tci^

(rrecparo^ yjtova-ov^ SeooTai.

rj^lov
t]

K.vpo9, Trpos jSacriXea

TrefXTrwv,

SoOtjuai

oi

(to

him)

Tavrag

TroXeig,

fiaWov

Ticr(Ta(ppyr]P

ap-^iv avTwv.

Aa(pviv tov ^ovkoXov Xeyovai Te^Sdcpvr],

Oivra KTeBrjvai ev
YlXaTcov
Trpo<i

oOev koi to ovo/xa eXa^ev.

(roi

^AplcTTnnrov eiVe,

ixovcp

SeSoTai

Ka\ ^(Xa/uLvSa eu (popelv koi pdxo^.

YivQayopa^ TXeye,

Svo Taura K
Xicrra,

to re

twv Oewv TOiy dvBpwiroi^ SeSoaOai koXaXtjOeveiv koi to evepyereh. 6 oJvo^ et'?

Tt]v larpiKtjv -^rjcri/uLwTaTos, "ttoXXoki^

yap

Tofj iroTOis

(papfiaK0i9 Kepavi/irrai.

His own cutlass was returned to the

silver
clays'

sailor.

A
Six

crown was given to each of the pay was given by Tissaphemes to

slaves.

his soldiers.
{i.e.,

The
fall

soldiers of

{King) Perses post themselves

into position) in great haste.

Socrates used-to-

say {vmjperf) that

many

blessings have been given

by the gods to men.

high mountain.
to

The infant was exposed on a

Plato used-to-say to Aristippus that

had been granted to wear becomingly both the robe-of-wealth (;^Xa/iu?) and the-garment-ofit

him only

poverty {poKo^).
with great haste.

The

soldiers

were put in position


100
FIKST GREEK HEADER.

SECTION XVI.
The
following Irregular Verbs in -lu are those most frequently met
consult the Greek
in its inflexions

from

Grammar, and Buttmann's or Veitch's ' Irregular The compounds, i,<pl-qiu, &c., are more ridijiu.

compounds.

ACTIVE
INDIOATITB.

SUBJUNCTIVE.

OPTATIVE.

Pres. (I throw,
S. t-rjfu,

or send,

&c)
l-Q, -s, -f,

-171, -T/ffi,

&c., [the

&c.

l-el7], -elrfi, -el-q,

&c

3d

pi. is l-a<n[v)]

Imperf.
S. X-ovv*

or
-t]

-eiv,

-ijj

or

-s,
-irr^v,

or

-ei,

-etov,

wanting

wanting

&c.

Fut.S. ri-ffu,

&c.

wanting

Wanting

Aor.
S. y]Ka,\ yJKa^, rJKe
c5,

, V,

&c-

et-t]y,

-Tis,

-n,

&c.

P.

elftev, et-T,

el-aav

Perf.
S. el Ka, -Ktts,

&e.

wanting

wanting

Plup.
S. et-KlV, -KIS,

&c.

wanting

wanting
ij<t>lovv
:

* tow,

as in d^lovv, or

and Ua>, as

in

PASSIVE
Pres. (I am
S. t-efuu, -erai,
sent,

&c)
-{},

-Cffai

or

t-w/iai,

&c.

l-elfitip,

&c. or

-olfi-qf

&c.

Imperf.
8.
l-ifJ-v^,

-fffo

(or

-on),

wanting

wanting

-ero,

&c.

Perf.
S. tt-fuu, -aai, &c.

wanting

wanting

FIRST GBEE KEADEB.

101

IRREGULAR VERBS IN
with in the coarse of
reading.

-fxi.

For the
(stem
I],

others,

the learner most

Greek Verbs."

The

verb

fij/u

throw, differs but slightly

fireqnentlj used than the simple verb.

Many

of the parts occur only in

VOICE.
IMPERATIVE.
ISFI5ITIVK.

PARTICIPLE.

X-ei,

-4tu, -tov,

&c

l-th, -tiaa, -4v

wanting

wanting

wanting

wanting

wanting

wantinir

?-,

-TW, -TOP, &C.

tl-^tu.

fU, ttaa,

wanting

wanting

wanting

wanting
1)<plea>, Tpctteof.

wanting

wanting
rWiutu

f See

aorist active of

VOICE.

l-co (or -ow), -laOd),

i-eaOax

Ufiei^-os,

-17,

-Of

&c.

wanting

wanting

wanting

(l-CO,

&c.

elaBiu

elfjJp-os, -T),

-w

103

FIRST Gr.EBK READER.

IRREGULAR VERBS
PASSIVE VOICE
INDICATIVE.

SUBJUKOTIVB.

OPTATIVE.

Plup.S. ei-fi7]Pf

&c.

wanting

wanting

Fut.

L&c.

S. keiia-ofiJiii,

wanting

wanting

Aor. I.S. eX-e-qv or

iO-nv,

&c.

i'0u>,

&c.

e-Oel-rjv,

&c.

MIDDLE
Fut.
S.
ij-ffofiai,

&c.

wanting

ij-crolfjitiv,

&c.

Aor.

I.
watititig

S. {T]-Kd/l7]V, &c.)

wanting

Aor. II.S. ei-fM)v (or

?/*??'),

&c.

(L/iai,

&c.

wanting
Verbal Adjectives

EIMI,
Some
of the forms of
dfil,

I am, which

is

defective, differ

from

tliose

Pres.
S. el-nl,
eT,

i<T-rt{u)

D.

ia-rSv, -t6v

<S,

^-J,
,

^-TOy, -TOV

ef-ijp,
,

-ijs,

-17

el-tyrov or

elroi',

P. i(T-iih, -t4,

l-ffl{v)

(S-fiev,

rpe,

(2-<Tl{t>)

or etTjjv dijixiv or eT/iei', efT/rc or etre, el-i)<Tav, eXep

-)^;i'

Imperf.
S. 1j-v (^), -(rOa, -V D. i^-rov) Tja-tov, (^,

wanting

wanting

rT}v), ijff-triu

P.

^-fj.ev,

-re or -<rte, -(rav

Fut.S. fff-ofiai,

- or

-5, -tttt
-e-

ioolfii}P, Ste.

D.

ia-6fJLedof>,

-eaOov,
-e<rOe,

wanting

o-^ov

P. i<T-6/ie0a,

-ovrai


FIRST GREEK READEB.

103

IN

-/*'

continued.

continued.
IMPERATIVE.
INFINITIVE.

PARTICIPLE.

wanting

wanting

wanting

wanting

wanting

wanting

VeTTTi, &c.

i-6yivai

i-eels,

&c.

VOICE.
wanting
TJ-aeadat

wanting

wanting

wanting

wanting

-, 6v, iffdu

t-adai

i-fifvos,

-rj,

-OP

i-rdi

and

e-rios.

I am.
of Itjpu only in the breathing.
virdpx<^, &c.,

supply the parts deficient

iff-di,

iff-Tw

el-yai

UP, oSiTO, OP

iff-TOV, -TCxTV

(<r-Te, -Tuffav,

-ruv

wanting

wanting

wanting

lae(r6ai

icbfup-0%,

-Tj,

-or

wanting


104
FIBST GREEK RBA.DEB.

IRREGULAR VERBS
Etfu (stem
t),

has a Future meaning,

shall go.

Like

elfd,

I am,

it

is

by
INDICATIVE.

tlie

accent, or

SUBJUNCTIVB. &c)
t-U,
,

OPTATIVE.

Pres (I
S. et-fu, et,

shall go,
er-iTt(i')

-7JS,

--0

t-oi/uorl-olrip, t-ois, -oi

(-r]TOV)
-(i)crL{v)

D.
P.

t-TOV,

-TOV

{1-7]T0V),

(^o^TOJ'),

[1-oIti}v,

t-ix.v,

-re, -d(n(^

t-ufiev, -7)7$,

t-oifiiv, -ovre, -oii>

Imperf.
S. -^-etv

or ^-a,

iJ-ets

or

-eiaOa, -et or -eiv D. , -Q-eiTov or ^-rov,

tJ -Q

wanting

wanting

elT-qv
eifiep

P.

or q-tt]v or ^-fJ.ev, ^ eire

or j-re, -^-eaav

Tlie verb #?;/*/ (stem 0a),

I say,

is

conjugated

much

like

Pres. (I
S.

say,

<fcc.)

D.
P.

4>r)-ixl,
,

(j)ri-s,

(J>t}-(tI{v)

<pS),

<f>rii,

05, &c.

<pa.l-Tiv,

-jjj,

-ij,

&c

(pa-Tov, -t6v

<pa-fiiv, -ri, <pd-(Tl{v)

Imperf.
S. l-<p7]-v,
(-s)

-a-da, -(pT]

[The Future,
wanting
are regular.]

0i}o-w,

D.
P.

i(pa-TOV, <pd-TT]V

icpa-fiev, -re,

-aav

OrSa (stem

lb,

Lat.

vict)

I hnow,

is

a preteritive verb.

Perf. (I know,
D.
P.
,

<fec.)

S. olS-a, cit-aOa, ot8-e{v)

tff-TOV,

elS-Q, -!,

&c.

elS-el-qy, -cfiji,

&C.

-TOV

t(r-/JLV,

-re, -d(ri{v)

Plup.
S. ^S-etv or
-7),

-rjada,

-eis

-eiaOa or or -77s, -et

or

-et)',

or

-77

wanting
-eo-av

wanting

D.

^S-eiroi', i8-elT7jv
-eire,

P. ^S-et/uev,
(-et(Tav)

Aor.

n.
&c.
t8w,

S. elSoj',

&c.

Idoifu,

&c.

FmST GREEK EEADEK.

105

IN

-fit

continued.
in

very defective, and an iota subscript.

some forms

is

distingukhed from the latter onlj

IMPERATIVE.

ISFIXITIVE.

PAr.TICIPLE.

t-iPOt
,
,

l-unf, -ovffo,

-69

t-Toy,
f-Tf,

-TUV
-Tuxxay or Idyruf

wanting

wanting

wanting

toTTjfu,

but wants the reduplication, and

is

defective.

(pa-dl or tpd dij (fxi-TW

<f>d-Toy,

<pi-vai

(^d;, -a<ro, -dv)

-Tuy
-yruv

4>d-Te, -TOMTor or

and the Ist Aorist,

iifniaa,

wanting

wanting

Its

conjugation

is

much

like that of verbs in -fu.

I9-61, -TW,

&C.

eld-4ycu

eli-dn, -wra, -6s

wanting

wanting

wanting

-. ^

IdeTy

ISliiP,

&C.

106

FIRST GREEK READER.

IRREGULAR VERBS IN
Keifiai

-/nicontinued.
is

(stem

kc),

I am

lying (7 have laid myself),

perfect passive.

originally a

INDICATIVE.
Pres.

SUBJUNCTIVE.
<fec.)

OPTATIVE.

(I

am

lying,

S. Kei-/J.ai, -ffUL, -rai

[Ki-wfiaC],

{Ki-rj},

ni-

(Ke-olfirip), [K^-oio), Ki-

Tjrai

OITO

D.Kei-fiedov, -aOov, -aOov

wanting

wanting
,
,

P.

Kel-fj,e6a,

-ade, -jTat

K&OLVTO

IMPERATIVE.

INFINITIVE.
KeT-crOai

Imperf.
S.
iKel-/j.T]v,

-co, -TO
-ctOop,

D. P. wanting
S.
,
,

Pres.

D. iKcl-fiedov,

KeT-ffo, -<r6w

Ke'i-<jdov,

-aduv
PABTICIPLE.
Ktlfia>-Ot,
-7},

P. iKei-ixeOa, -aOe, -vto

-ov

The verb Hyuat

fect passive.

(stem
It is

i),

I sit

[I have seated myself), is originally a perKid-q/xai,

used in Attic prose only in the compound

sit,

or

sit

down.
SUBJUNCTIVE.
OPTATIVE.

INDICATIVE.

Pres. (I
D.ij-fjiedov,

sit,

&c.)

S. ^-/iat, -aai, -<rrai

-<rdoj>,

wanting

wanting

P. rj-fieOa,

-ffOe,

-adov -vrai

IMPERATIVE.

INFINITIVE.
S.
fl-aOai.

Imperf.
7l-fl7)V,

-ffO,

-ffTO

Pres.
S.

D.
P.

D.
P.

^-fieOov, -oOov, -aO-rjv

ft-fjiiOa, -ffOe,

, ,

7)-ffo,

-adu)

-VTO

-fj-aOov,

-aOwv

ff-ade,

-aOuaav

PARTICIPLE.
^fiep-os,
-f],

-ov

PART

IL

EXTRACTS FOR READING.

SECTION
i.

THE WITTICISMS
J
.

(OF HIEROCLES).
/jlikoov
jxr}

2^oAa(TTt/f09 KoXvfxjSav ^ovXafMeuo^ irapa

w/xocrev

cirnyrj'

ovv

fi^

ayp^aadai

vSaroi,

eav

irpwTOV
2.
i

fiaOrj Ko\v[J.^av.

2^oXa(TTt>co9
ere
oil

(piXui

(Tvvavrrjaa^

TTVoui

iSwv Trpocrtjyopevcra.
irpocrea-^ov.

'O

Se,

etire,

Ka0'

^vyyvcoOi

jjioi,

oTi

3.
Trep]

2^oXa(TTi/co9, vocrovvra eTrKTKeTrTOfJLevog, ^purra

Ttjs

vyielag-

Se

opytcrOeis ovv e^tjXey^ev,

ovk

^Svvaro

aTroKpiOtjvar
koi

'EATr/tw

Kcifxe vocrrjaai,

eXOouTi
4.
fjioi,

(Toi

juLt]

aTTOKpiBrjvai.

^-^oXacTTiKog idrpw crvvairr^cra?,

etVe, Koi
firj

^vy^u>ptj<r6v

juloi

/xe/A\|/-p,

OTi ovk euoaijara.

fit]

5.

2^oXa<TTi/coy OeXcov top lirirov avrov SiSd^ai

Tpwyeiv TToXKa, ov Trape^aXev avrw Tpo(prU,

dauovTog Se tov
e^rjfjLiwOrjv,

Ittttov

tS)
ixrj

Xl/i^,

eXeye,

Me-ya
cif

'Atto-

OTe yap e/xaOe

TpcoyeiVy

Tore airedave.

6.

S^oXaoTi/cof, oiKiav

ttcoXuii',

XiOov air avrtj^

SeiyfjLa irepitcpepe.
{123)

108
7.

FIRST

GREEK READER.
elSevai,
et

^yoXaa-TiKO^ OeXcov

Trpiirei

avT<a

KoijuacrOqi, Kajut-iuva-a^ eluoTTTpiC^eTO.

8.

2^oXacrTt/co9,

larpw

cruvavri^a-as,

vtto
e(pr],

eKOv^r],

Tti/o? ^e ttvOoju^vov t^v airlav,

fj.r]

Kai-

toi-^ov

pov

evft)

acrQevrjaa^i kol aicr-^vvo//.ai

et'y

o\|/-ti/

eXOeh

Tov laTpov,
9.

^'^oXacTTiKog ^A/mivaiav
Se

e-^cov,

ea-cppayicrev avTrjv.

Tov

SovXov KarooOev Tprjo-avro^, kol tov oIvou

aipovTO<s, eOavixatev

on, Twv
erepo^

(rrnxavrpociv

acooov ovrcov,
/mrj

6 olvoi eXarrovTO'
a(pt]pe6r].

Xeiirei,

'O ^e aXXa ro

etirev,

eiTrev,

'Opa,

KaroaOev

^AfxaOecrraTe, ov to KarwOev

avcoOev fiipog.
iSiov

10.

S^oXacTTZ/fo?,

crrpovOia

eirl

SevSpov,
Kal ecreie

XaOpa vireicreXOwv {/(paTrXuxraTO r6v koXttov, TO SeuSpov^ o)? vTToSe^ofxevoi ra (rrpovdia.

1 1
.

S^oXacTTf a:6?

cr^oXacrTJ/cft) (TvvavT^cra^ elirev,

^fiaOov oTi aireQave^' KaKeivo?,

ecprj,
jULOi

^ooura' Kol

cr-^oXacrTiKos,

'AXX' Kat

opa^
imrjv

fxe

en,

eiTrdiv

ttoXXm

crov a^iOTricrTOTepos virap-^ei.

12.
TTceiu

'^/^oXaa-TiKoi;,

eu

vSoop,

KaXov

ev

iprja-avTcov
'iirlvov

on

koXov, kuc

tm iScm aypcp e^icou, ^pcoTa tw avroOi (ppiarr twv Se yap oi yovet^ avTov e^ avTOu
Tpay^ijXovi,

Kat

TrtjXiKOv^, (ptj, ei-^ov

Trlveiv rjSvvavro.

on

ei"?

ToaovTOU '^aOo^
13.

2^oXa(rTt/c09
errj
i^fj,

juadcou

on

Kopa^
e/f

inrep

ra

SiaKocria

ayopdcrag

KopaKa

cnroTreipav

erpecpe.

14.

S^oXacTTi/co?

etV

-^etjuoova

vavdyoou,

/cat

Tfov

trvfiTrXeoirrcov eKaa-TOV TrepiTrXeKOjuevoov crKevovg irpos

(rtadrjvai,

to

eKeiuos juiav tcov ayKupcov TrepieirXe^aTO.

FIBST GBEK SEADEB.

109

15. AtSuficov aSeXcpwv

CTTiKO^ ovv airavn^a-a^
//

eTy

ereXevrtja-e.
i/jOwra,

tw

^wyri

2^oXo-

2.y axe'^avcy,

6 ade\<p6s <TOU

16. 2yoXao~r//coy,

vavdyeiv

^leXXwv,

TrivaKioas

^Tei, 'iva Siad^Kug ypd<pr]'

Toy? ^e ot/cera? opwu aX(pr],

yovvras Sia tov kivSvvov,

Mj?

XuireiaOe,

eXev-

6epw yap
17.

vfia^.

2^oXa<TTf/f6?

TTOTapLov

^ovXQfivo9

Trcpacraiy

avijXOev e?
aiTiav,
1 8.

to ttXoiov edxxTroy
cnrovoaC^iv.

irvOofxevou oe tivos ttiv

(pr]

S^oXaoTt/co? aopwv

Sairavrii4.aTUiVy to.

^ipXla

avTov
eXeye,

^vy^aipe
'O
oe

e'Lirpa<TKf

Kai,

ypacpwv irpo^ tov TraTepa,

TraTeptjSrj

rifiiv,

yap
ei'y

rjixa^

Tct

^i^Xla Tp(pl.
1 9.

^^oXatrTiKOv

vl6<s,

viro

tov iraTpo^
tuiv

TroXe/mov KecpoXrjv

eKire/xirofJievo^i

virea-^ero
ecbr],

evoy

ej^Opcov

aydyeiv.

Eu^o/iat Kai y^coph KecpaXijg

iSeiv, Kai v<ppav6r}vai.

ae eXOovra, ixovov

vyirj

ovra,

20. 2^oXa<7Tt/caj (biXog eypa^^ev ev 'EXXa^t ovTif

^i^Xla avTw ayopacrar tov Se ajmeX^aavTog,

ypovov,

coy, /xerct
tjv

Tw

(piXo)

(TVVUXpBr], eiire,
juloi,

Trjv i-TrKJToXrjv

irepi I3i^i(i}v

cnreoTeiXai

ovk eKOfMiad/xtjv.

21. 2^oXa(TT(/coy fivv eOeXcoy iridaai, trwe^wy

tu

^i^la TpwyovTa,

Kpea^ Sokiov evavrla eKaOiae.

iSiov

22. 2^oXacrTi/f09 KaT ovap

^ov

-TreTraTtjKivai,

Kai oo^ay aXyeiv tov Trooa, TrepieSi^a-aTO.

oe

fiaOiov
;

Tr]v

aiTiav

ecprj,

AiaTi

"Erefloy

yap awTroStjTOf

KaOeuSei^


110
FtKST GREEK READEH.

SECTION

II.

ANECDOTES.
1.

ANECDOTES OF PHILOSOPHEES.
ZENO.

7jriv(av

SovXov

eTTi

kXottJj

efiaa-riyov.

Tou
ecprj.

Se
2.

eiTTom-og, elfxapTO /not /cAe\|/^ai,

koi Sap^vai,

IIoo? TO (bXvapovv [xeipaKiov, Ata tovto,

eJire,

Svo

wra

cYO/mev, (jToiuLa Se ev, Iva irKeloo jxev aKovcofxev, rjrrova

e Xiyoo/iiev.
(br],

Ta

3.

Neaj^/cr/cou ttoXXcc

XaXovvroi,

Znjvcvv

toTci a-ov e/? t}]v

yXwrrav

crvveppvtjKev

ARISTOTLE,
4.

^ApL(TT0Te\t]9 oveiSi^a/uLems
eXerjjuocrvvrjv eSooKev,

ttotc,

avOpcoTTW

Ou tou
5,

on

Trovtjpia
e<pr],

Tpoirov,

aXXa Tov

avOpcoirov

rjXericTa.

Toy?

^AOtjvalov^
irvpol^ juev

ecbacTKev evprjKevai irvpou^ Kai vo/jlovs'

aXXa
^cpr),

^rjcrOf^h vofioi? Se

jmr/.

airo fieyaXtjs ttoXccos

e^tj,

Ou

6.

Tlpog tov Kav^w/mevov, ws

tovto,
Set cTKOTrdv,

aXX'
7.

et'

Ti? /neyaXr}^ iraTpiSo^ a^i6<i icTTiv.

^ApiCTTOTeXf]? ej/o^Xoi/yUez/o? vtt aooXea-^ov, Kat

Sitjy^fxacri,

KOTTTOfxepos aTOTTOt? tictI

Xeyoirrog, ov davfjaa-TOP o ti

Xiyw\

Ou

ttoXXukis uvtov

tovto, ^rjai,

Oavjuaa-Tov, aXX' e? Tip TroSas e-^cov

ere vTFOfievei.

PLATO.
8.

IIXaTWv

Opacrvvoixevov iScov Tiva irpoi tov eauTi

TraucT/?,

TTUTepa,

Ou

J
I

fxeipuKiov,

enre,

tovtov kutQ'

FIRST GREEK
(f)povo}V,

READER
a^iois',

111
9.

di

ov /uLeya

(ppouetv

TlXdrcou

opyi^ofxevo^ TTOTC TU) oiKeTr], exicrTarro?

Aa/Sajv,
<pt],

'iEl^evoKpoLTOvg,

TovTov, fiacmyaxroi'' iyo)

yap opyi-

SOCRATES.
10.

^ooKparrj^

Trpog

'i^apQiTnrrjv,

irpoTepov

XoiSopovcrav, varepov Se Koi irepi-^eaa-av avrw,

Om
dveiCTt]

fxkv

tKeyov,
TTCfiyp^ei',
ri

etirev,

oti

lEavBiTrTrrj

^poiTwo-a Ka\

vSwp
^tjvwp

11. TLpo^^AXKi^idSijv eiiroPTa,

'^avOlinrrj

XoiSopovaaf

Ou

Ovk
elire,

koi

<ry,

^owvTwv

dvej^t].

DIOGENES.

1 2.

Aioyeprjg

TTjOO?

top elirovra, kokov

^^v.
1

elvai

to

'Qi^i

ov TO

X.^v, eiTrev,

dXXa To KaKws

3. Aioyevt}^

6 ^ivooTreug, 6 kvwu eiriKCiXov ixevog, iravri Toirw eyprjro

eU Travra, dpicrTwv Te koi Kadevooop Kal oiaXeyofxevog.

HajcTJjpia eirajpeicraTO

dadevrjaa^'

eireiTa fxevroi

KCti

SiaTravTog e(p6pei avrriv.

avT(i) TO. (TiTia ^v.

Kat

irripav eKO/ULicraTo,

evOa

'ETTio^e/Xas Se Tin oiKiSiov avrco

Trpovo^cracrOaifKai. /SpaSuvom-og, ttiOov tivcl

eayev

oiKiav.
"^^^^^f
fie

14

Geacra/xefo? TroTe

iraioiov Taig

X^P^''

e^eppiy^e T^y irrjpag ttjv KOTuXrjv, eiircoVf^TLaiSlov

vevLKTiKev

evTeXela.

'E^e/3aXe ^e koI to Tpv^Xlov,

ofiolwi iraiolov Qeaadfievog, eireiori /caTea^e

to

CAceuof,

Tw KoiXw
15.
Tt]v

dpTU) T^v

(bcucrju

vTToSe^ofievov.

Mo^0>7|0oy Tivog dvOpwirov eTriypayp^ai^os exJ

^IrjSev eicriTO}

oiKiav,

kokow

^'O

ouv Kvpiog Trjs

oiKias, ^(pr], TTOv

eiaiXOoi

dv'.,

Tag ext

Tr]v

TpdireTav

fxvg,

16. Tlpog tovj epirvcrap'

'looJ,
(pT](rif

koi AioyevT}^

xapaaiTOv^ Tpicpei.

1 7.

IIpos tov

irvOo/uievov, irola

112

FEBST QKEEK EEADER.

Sec apia-Tciv,

wpa
Se

Et
e^>?.

fxev -rXova-io^, (pt],

orau

OeXrj, el

"Trevrjs,

orav

18.

TLXdrcovos

opicrajULevou,

"A^vOpcaTTOs ecTTL Xpiov Slirovv, uTrrepov

fiovvTog, TiXas

koi

evSoKi-

avTOv, Koi

ecbrj,

oXeKrpvova eccnjvejKev

els Ttjv a-yoXrjv

Outo'j ecrriv 6 nXarcovo? avOpcoTrog.

ANTISTHENES.

1 9.

A.vTKrdivrj'i TTore eTraivovfievog viro Trovrjpwv,

echrj, fir]

^Ayooviu),
Gels, Ti

kukov

e'lpyaa-jmai.
e/c

20.

^JSipoort]-

avTW Ttepiyeyovev

(pi\o(ro(plag, e<pr],

To
arco/ita,

Svi'aa-Qai eaurcp o/miXeiv.

21. Aiperwrepov elirev elvai,

t]

els

KopaKas

e/JLirecreiv,

els

KoXaKas' rovs

fiev

yap airoOavovTOs to

Tovs Se

"CcoPTos Trju yp-v^r]v Xvfialvea-Oai.

SOLON.

GORGIAS.

22. SoXcov oLTro/SaXlbv vlov eKKavcrev.

Tivos Trpos avTOV,
cos

^Ittovtos Se
KXaicov,

ovoev irpovpyov
e(pr],

iroiei

Ai' avTo

yap tol tovto,

KXalco.

23. Topylaso
fxaKpov

A.eovTivos

ep(i)T>]9els, ttoiol SiaiTrj yjnafxevos els

ytjpas riXOev,

OvSev
el

ovSeirore, edn], irpos rjoovrjv oure

chaywv, oure Spdcras.

^ft)i/,

24. Yopylas
^Secos
e/c

"lorj

yrjpaios vTvap-

ep(OTri6els,

airodvijaKoi,

MaXicrra,
oIkiOiov

elirev

wcnrep yap

aairpov Ka\

peovros

acr/xei/cos

aTraXXaTTOfiLai,

PITTACUS.

XENOPHON.

25. TliTTttKos dSiKTjOels VTTO TivoSi KOI e'^wv e^ovalav

avTov KoXacrai,
aueivcov

dcbrJKev,

elirwVf
rjixepov

^vyyvco/at] Tijucoplas
ecrrl,

to

/aev

yap

(bvaecos

to

Se

FIEST GREEK READER.

OripiooSovg.
/wa^j; -Trep]
Trjcrev.

113
vi6g, ev

26.

TpvXXo^, 6

'iE,evo(pu)vt09

rp

^lavrlveiav

la")(yp(i}g

aywvicrafxevo'; ereXeu-

'ijj'

TavTt] Trj MX?'

koi

'^"^

'Exa/UtKoj/oa?

cTrecre.

TrjviKavta

Si]

tov '^evocpoyvra

(paari dveiv earefx-

fievov ciTrayyeXdevTOi Se

avrw tov Qavarov tov

fxaOovra
oTi

iraioo^i

cnroaTechai'uxraa-Oar
irdXiv eTTiOeaOai

eTreiTU

yevvaiax;,

tov (rrecpavov.

^Efiot oe ovoe oaKpvelirdv,

aal

(paaiv

avTov,

aXXa yap

^Seiv

Qvrp-ov

yeyevvriKU)^.

2.

AITECDOTES OP STATESMEN

AND KINGS.

ARCHELAUS.
27.

DIONYSltJS.

^apievTOii 6 jSatr/Xeu? 'A^^eXao?, a^oXeo-^oy

Kovpecog '7repiBaX6vT0<;
voVi

avrw to

Wo)^

are

Kelpoo, ^a(TiXev\

ci

ui/uoXivov, kui Trvdofxe'Z^iunrwv, (pt].

28.

'O

peurrepo^ Aiovvaio^

eXeye TroXXoy? Tpecbeiv

aXXcit

<ro(picrrai,

ov

6av/j.a.lCoov

CKeivov^,

eKeivoav

Oav^aCeG'Qai

^ovXofMevo^.
PHILIP,

KING OF MACEDOX.

29. ^IXnnro^ eXeye, KpeiTTOv etvai (TTpaTOTreoov

eXacpwv, Xeoi>TO? a^paTtjyovirro^,
(TTpoTrjyovvTO^.
tj

Xeom-wv, eXacpov

30. ^iXiinro^, 6 ^AXe^dvopov iraTrip,

ei

AOrjvalov^ /uaKaplteiv eXeyev,

aipeicrOai
v

KaB eKacrrov eviavTov

airros

Scko (rTpaTt]yovg evpl<TKOvaiv

fi6voP

yo.p

TToXXoig T(riv eUa

drpaTriyov
ipcoTwimevos,

evprjKevai,

JJap/xevlcova.

31.
Ka\

^iXnnro^

ov(rTivaf

fxaXicrra

(piXei,
ecprj,

ovaTivag /j.dXi<rTa
fidXccrra

fiKrei,

Toyj
^'

/xeXXovTa^,
yof]

TrpoSiSovai

(piXwf Tovg

irpoSeScoKOTa^ fxaXicTTa ixiaw.

114

FIRST GREEK READER.

viKt

32. 'El/ J^aipwveia rou^ ^AQrjvalov^ fxeyaXr]

eviKt]cre

^iXiTnrog.

^^Ti-apOeh ^e

Trj

evirpayia, wcto
ecTTiv, Kai

Seiv

avTOv

VTrofiijuvijcrKea-Oai,

on

apOpMTro?
e-^eiv.

Trpocrera^e iraiSl tlvi tovto epyou

eKaoTTr]^ rjfMepa^ 6 irai^

eXeyev

avT(p,

^iXnnre

TjoJ? o

avOpo)-

TTOs

el.

ALEXANDER THE GREAT.

33.
ouToo
(jO(TT

'O ^AXe^avSpo? Aioyevei e/? Xoyov^ eXOdov, KareTrXayrj tov ^'lov koL to a^mfia tov avopo^,
juLvrjjuovevoov
rnjLrjv.

TToXXaKi^ avTOV
fJlJ-riv,

XiyeiVf

ei

fxr]

A.Xe^-

avSpos
^

Aioyevr]^ dv

84.

^AXe^avopog

AvaPap-vov
(biXcov
<pr],

nrepL KoaiJiWV aTreipla^ glkovoov eSoLKpve, Kat

ro)V

epwrrjcrdvTwv
SaKpveiv,
ei

avTov, tL SaKpvei',

Ovk
ej/os

apLoVi

koo-julcov

ovtmv aireLpwv,

ovSeTTO) KvpioL yeyova/iiev',

THE SUCCESSORS OF ALEXANDER.

35.
TlroXeiuLaiov
(pacri

tov Adyou, KUTairXovTiVTrep-^aipeiv

tovTa

Tovs

(piXovs

avTov
rj

eXeye

oe,

ajJiCLvov elvai

TrXovTit^ip

TrXovTeiv.

Trpos Tiva /maKapitovcrav avTOv ypavv,

CO

Ei

36. AvTiyovo^
fjoeis, (pt],

ixrjTep,

oacov KaKwv ixeaTOv ecrTi tovti

to paKog,

SetPas TO SidSr]iua,
e/Saa-Taa-as.

ovk dv

eirl

Koirpia^ Keifxevov avTO

THEMISTOCLES.

37.

Oe/uii(TTOKXrjg

epcoTrjOeh
',

TroTepov

'A^/XXei/j
ecfyrjt

e^ovXer

dv

eJvai

^ "Ofirjpog

2u

^e
rj

avTO^,

TTOTCpov fjOeXeg 6 vikwv ev ^OXv/UL7rid(nv

6 KrjpvarcruiV

Tovs viKOJVTas elvai


FTRST GREEK READER.

115

38.

Q/j.i<TTOKXr}^ "Trpoq

top ^upv/3idSr]v tov Aa/ce-

oaifMovtov

eXeye

rt virevavriov, kolI aveTeivev

avrw
fxev,

ttjv

^aKTT]piav 6 ^vpvjSidSr]^.
aKOVcrov oe*
XvcriTeXei.
ftj?

'O

Se,

Trdra^ou

ecprj,

^oei

oe,

OTi d fiiWei Xeyeiv

tw

koivu

39. ^epKpiov TIV09 Trpoi avTOV

eiirovrog,

ov

Si*

avTov,

dXXd
ouTe

Sia ttjv irdXiv evSo^os eoTii/,

coi/

dXt]dr} Xiyei?, elirev,

aXX' out' dv iyw ^eplcpio^

crv,
*

eyevojxtjv evSo^o^,

A.Bt}vaio^.

EPAJnNONDAS.
40.
'ETra/xifftji'^ay
ei?

eva

;j(e

TpljScova'

ei

Se ttotc
Si

avTOv eoooKcv

yvacbelov,

avros VTrefievev oIkoi

inroplav kripov.

41.

'ETra^ttfwi/^ay, o Qrj^aios, iSoiP

crTpaTOireSov ju.ya Ka\ kqXov, OTpaTTjyov ovk e^Of,

'HXiKov,

e(i)J7,

Orjplov, Ka\ KccbaXijv

ovk ^X^''

PERICLES.

42.

'O

TlepiKXrj^ ev Tea Xoi/mw tou?

iraiSag airot/veyKe,

^aXwv, avSpeiorara tov Qdvarov avrwv

Travra^
A.0r]valov^
e-Treicre

Kai

tov? twv (biXTOTCOv Qava-

Tovi evOvfxoTepov (pepeiv.

SECTION

III.

FABLES OF >ESOP.
1.

THE WOLF.
a-Ktjvrj
rjv

AuK-o? ISicv TTOifxevas ea-Olovrag ev

e^'yy? Trpoa-eXOcov,
ryti)

Trpoparov,

'HX//C09,

tcprj,

dv

Oopvpos,

TovTo

eTToiovi

116

FIRST GREEK READER.

2.

THE LIONESS.
vtt
aAcoTre/co?,
cttI

A^eaiva,

oveiSiTofievt]
'

TravTO? eva TiKreiv,

Eva,

to

Sia

ecj))],

aXXci Xeovra.

3.

THE GNAT AND THE OX.

Kft)vc)\|/ cttJ

Kepdro^ ^oo^ eKaOecrOr] kox tjvXer

Se TTpos TOP (iovv,

ywpriaw.

'O oe

e(prjy

Ei

etire

^apu)

crov

tov Tevovra, ava-

Ot/re ore rjXQe^ eyvcop, ovre eav

uevrj^, ixekrjcrei fxoi.

4.

THE HUSBANDMAN AND THE SNAKE.

^ei/uoovo?

Yecopyog
TTJjyoTa,
fxavOeiq
eirXri^e

wpa
kuI

ocpiv evpcov viro Kpvovg

ire-

TovTOv
Se

Xa/Scov vtto koXttov KaredeTO.

Oep<pv(xiv,

CKeivos,

avaXa/Scov

Trjv

iSiav

tov evepyeTrjv.
5.

THE FOX AND THE BUNCH OF GRAPES.

TreTrelpovs

BoTiOfa?

aXwirrj^ Kpefxa/mevovs

iSovcra,

TOVTOV^ eireipoLTO KaTacpayeiv.

KOI

lloXXa Se

Ka/movcra

eXeyev, OfKpaKe^
'

ixrj

ovvriQelaa yp^avcrai,
eTi

Trjv

Xvirtjv TrapajuvOovfievt],

eicriv.

6.

THE KID AND THE WOLF.

Tivoi
ScofiaTOf
kq).

EipKpos
irapiovTa
oe XvKog
TOTTO^.

CTTi

ecTTCOS,

CTreiSr]

Xvkov

eioev,

'i(prj,

eXoioopei
"^Q,

ecrKooTTTCv

avTov.

'O
6

ouTOSf ov

arv fie

XoiSopeis,

aXXa

7.

THE BOY BATHING.

Tlai^ Xovtrajiievos iv TroTajuw eKivSvveue Trviytjvar

Kat IScov Tiva "TrapoScTtjVf eiredxloveiy

jSot^Otjcrov.

B
ce efie/JLwero
eiTrev,

FIBST GKEEK BEASES.

117
1 o oe Traioioif

tw 'AXXa
8.

Traioi Tt]v TOA^tjpiav.

vvv fxoi ^oi^6t](tov, varrepov Se crooQivri

fxefJL(pov.

THE HOUND AND THE FOX.

Kuoji/ OijpeuTiKOi

Xeovra

lodav,

tovtov eolwKev

&>?

Se eirKTrpadte'ig eKeivo?
fiV

e^pv^craTOi 6 kvwv (bo^ijOeig

^AXcoTrrj^ Se Oeaa-afiivt] avrov
(TV

Ta

ecbrj,

'Q

oirlaa) ecpvyev.

KUKT]

K<paXjj,

Xeovra e^tWey, ovtivo^

;

ovSe Tov

l3pv^r]9/xov vTrrjveyKa^

9.

THE WOLF AND THE LAMB.

eolwKeVf

Ai;/co?

a/uLvov

oe

eis

vaov KaTecpvye.
kui Xeyovefpij

Jl poa-KoXovfieuov Se tov Xvkov top

Tag, oTi OvcriacreL avrov 6 lepevg
irpos avTOv,
eivai,
t]

cl/jlvov,

AXX' aiperwTepov
aov SiacpOaprjvai.
10.

tw

Oew, cKCivog

fxoi

icm Oew

Ovcriav

vTTO

THE ASS IN THE

LION's SKIN.

Ovos

oopav XeovTog
ijv

eTrevSvBeig,

Xecov

evofiiCero
ttoi/jlviwv.

iracn, Kai (pvytj fiev

avOpcoTrcov, (pvyrj

Se

Qg

oe avefxog ^laiOTcpov 7rvev<ras eyvfivov avrov tov

TrpoKaXv /uL/marog, t6t iravreg eTTiSpafiovres PvXois Ka]

poiraXocg avrov eiraiov.

11.

THE WOMAN AND THE HEN.

ei^ey KaO^ Ka<TTt]v fifiepav
Si,

Vvvrj Tig

xvpd opviv

wov

avT^ TucTovaav.
opviQi

Nofila-acra
S\g

wg,

et

irXeiovg Ttj
Trjg
rjfxepag,

Kpidag

irapaBaXoi,

Te^erai

TovTO
aira^

ireiroirjKev.
Ttjg tj/xepag

'H

Se opvig TrifxeXrjg yevofievij

ov^

TCKetv ^SvvaTO.

118

FmST GBEEE READER.

THE BIRDS AND THE PEACOCK.
Troirjcrat

12.

Tcoi/

opviOcau jiovKoixevcov
rj^Lov Slo.

^acrtXea, xauti

eavTov

to /caXXof
aXkociv,

-yeipoTOvelv.

AipovjuevMv
ecbrj,

oe TOVTOv

Twv

6 koXoio? vTroXajSoiu

AXX

ei,

(Tov /SacriXevovTOi,

6 aero^
;

^fJi-ai

KaraSiuiKeiv

eTri-^eip^a-ci, ttco? ^juliv eTTapKecrei^

13.

THE BOY AND THE SNAILS.

Yewpyov
rpv^ovTcop,

irais
ecprj,

'Q

coTrra

Ko-^iai' aKovcrag Se uvtcop

KaKicTTa
;

^wa, Toov

oikicov

v/jloov

eiXTTLirpaixevwv,

avTol aSere

14.

THE HORSE AND HIS GROOM.

ItTTTOV

}^pi6t]U TtJU
TTwXwj/,
(pri

TOV

6 ITnrOKOfJLO^ KXeTTTWV Koi

^fJLepai'
jne,

TOV

LTTTTOV

oe 6 txTToy,

Ei
ooa

cTpl^c KUi eKTeviC^ TTaorag

OiXeis aXijOw^ koXov eivai

fit]

Tijv Kpi6r]v Trjv Tpi(hovcrav

TrdoXei.

15.

THE HEN AND THE SWALLOW.

evpovcra,
7ri/xe\Sig

Opvi9

6(pe(o^

eKOepjULavacra
eSrj,

e^e/coXa\|/-e*

-^eXiocov e, Oeacrajmeur]

avTijv,

'Q

uaTaia,
TTOcoTj;?

t'l

TauTU

Tpe(peis, airep
;

av^rjBevTa

oltto

aou

TOV aSiKeiv ap^erat

16.

THE

FLY.

MuFa,

efXTrecrovcra

eig
eiprj

"^vTpav

KpeaTog,

cTreiot]

{nroTTviyecrOai efieWev,

irpo^ kavTrjv

'AXX

e-ywyc

Koi /3e/3p(t)Ka, Ka] TreTTW/ca, koc XeXov/uai, kuv airoOavoa

ov^ev ixiXei

juoi.

FIEST GREEK READER.

119

17.

THE FOX A2*D THE MASK.

oiKiav

'AXcoTTJ;^

eig

iXOovaa

viroicpiTOu,

Kai eKaK(pa.\Tjv

ara twv avrov

^ovcra Tali

(TKevwv mepeuvuiixevrj, eupe Ka\

/jLOpfioXvKelov ev(bva>g KaTea-Kevaa-nivrjv

-^epirlv,
/
e(prj,

'Q

rjv

Koi avaXa-

ola KecpaXtj, koi iyK-

(paXov ovK e^et

18.

THE RAVEN AND HIS DAM.

KojOa^
Kca
fiT]

vo(TU)v e(pr] rrj fxrjTpi,

M^TCyo,
(pr],

eij-^ov

dprjvei.

'H

^'

VTroXa^ovcra
;

T/?
viro

tw

Oew,
do

ere,

TeKfov,

Twv Bewv
;

eXe^a-ei

Tii'Of

yap Kpea^

aov ye

OVK eKXaTTT]

19.

THE DOG AND HIS SHADOW.

I. ...... .,,.,.,._
^^0
Ttjv

eavTOv aKiav

eirc

tov voaTog, vireXa^ev erepov

wpfxtja-e

^Hpn/va

elvai

Kpeag KaTe-^ovra' Ka\, a(peig to ^Siov,

^^TO
OVK

SKeiuov
i}V'

Xa^eiv

airuiXecre Se ajuipoTepa'

to

fxev ovv

o oe KaTely(ev vtto tov pevfiaTog KaTeavpero.

20.

THE HORSE AND THE STAG.

iXOovTOi
S*

iTTTTOf KUTei-^e Xei/iiwva fiovos'

eXddyoVf

KOI
(xOai

oia(p6eipovTOs Tr]v vofi^v, ^ovXo/nevo^ Tificopi^cra-

TOV eXacpov,

ripurra tlv avOpunrov, el SvvaiTO pier

avTov KoXdcFai tov eXa<pov'

^aXivov,
Ka).

S*

edyrjarev,

iav Xd^rj
aKovTiaTt/xo)-

avTos ava^tj

eir

avrdv,

e-^cov

rrvvofioXoytjaravTog Se, Ka) dvajidvro^, dvri

pricraaQaif airroy eSovXevcrev
tjSf]

tov

tu) dvQpwirw.

120

FIRST GREEK READER,

21.

THE GRASSHOPPER AND THE ANTS.

Xet/Uwi/o?
e\l/v-vov'

wpa

Tcov ctltodv ^pa-^evroov,

ol fxvpimrjKeg
ol

TeTTi^ Se XifiwTTWv
avT(p,

Se

/j.vpfxrjK9 eiTTOv
;

Tpod>i^v

fjLOvaiKw^'

'O Ol

^e

elirev,

Aia Ovk

'^Tei

avrov^ Tpofprjv

tl

to Oepo? ou

(rvvt]ye<i

ea")(6\aCpv,

Se yeXda-avreg eiTrov,

aXX
et

^Soi'

^'AXX'

Oepovi;

(jopai^ t]v\eig, -^ei/ULocivos op-^ov.

22.

THE OLD MAN AND DEATH.

Yepwv

TTOre

PvXa

refxcop

e^ opovs, kutti tmv cojumu

apdjULevo^, eireiSi^
aireiprjKco^,

TroWrju 6o6v eTrrj-^OKrjuevo^ ef^aoicrev,

direOeTO re tu ^liKa, Kai tov Oavarov eXOeiu

iireKoXeiTO' tov Se

Oamrov
Si* }]v

evOug eTrKxravTO?, koi rrjp

(pi],

nlrlav TrvuOavofxevov

avrov KoXolr], 6 yepcov

eiriQ^i; fioi.

Iva TOV cbopTOV tovtov apa^

23.

THE DOG AND HIS MASTER.

"E^ft)i/ Tig

Kvva MeXiratoj/ koL ovov, SieTcXei tc5

koi el ttotc e^co oeiTrvou
irpocriovTi
ei-^ev,

Kvui
IJ-i-'Ce

'7rpo(T'irai'(u)V'

ekoouog

Tl

avTM

/cat

Trape/SaXev

Se

y/Xcoo-a? TrpoeSpa/uev aivro?, Ka\ (jKipTwv eXuKTiae top

SeaTTOTrjw Kal 0VT09 dyavaKTrjcrag eKeXevcre iraiovTa

avTov dvayayeiv irpog tov fxvXMva, Kal tovtov

24.

Stjj-ai.

THE WOLF AND THE CRANE.

eireTrriyei'

A.VKOV XaijULM ocTTiov

6 Se yepdvw

fxi-

aOov irapi^eiv
TO ocTTOvv
e/c

ei-rrev, el Tt]v

Ke(paXt]v avTtjg eiri/SaXova-a,

TOv

XaifJLov

aVToO eK^dXor

tj

Se

tovt

eK^aXovaa, SoXf^oSeipog ovaa, tov

julktBov

eTre^tjTei'

FIBST GREEK KEASEB.

121

ooTi^ yeXoKrag, koi Toy? d^ovray O^^ag,

uiaOos,
<hri,

^ApKci

croi

TovTO koI hovov,

on

e/c

Xvkov

(rro/uLaTO^

KOI oSovTcov ePeiXeg

Kapa

crwov, fit]Sev iradovo'a.

25.

THE LION AND THE

ASS.

A.i(av KOI opog KOivwvlav Oeixevoi,

e^tjXOov

iiri

6^ev
u)

pav
alye^

yevofJLei'wv

Se

avrwv Kara
irpo

ti

cnrrfKaiov,
(ttojjliov

aypiai,

6 fiev Xecov

tov
6

.OTa?,

e^iovaas Tccy alyas avveXd/jL^avev

eiaeXOujv evrjXaTO avraig, Ka\
fievog'

Se

0V09

evSov

wyKUTO
'el

K<po^iv ^ovXo-

Tou Se Xeovrog tu^ TrXelcrrag crvXXa^ovTO^,

yevvaico^ tjyooviet-rrevy
/nrj

^eX6u}v cKeivos eirvvQaveTO airrov

a-aro, kox

ras aiyas e^eSico^ev 6 Se

ere

'AXX'
ere

eu

iaOi oTi Kuyio av

e(po^^6i]v,

ei

^Seiv

ovov

ovra.
26.

THE STAG AT THE FOUNTAIN.

eir\
irriyrju

EXa^o?

Si^ri(ra

tjXOew iScov Se

Ttjif

eai/Tov (TKiav, tov^ (xev iroSas e/xefi(pTO

wy XeTrrovy

Kai aa-Qeveis ovra^' to. Se

Kepara avrov
iricov,

eirrivei, o)? jxe-

yiara koi
vXrjv
oe,

evfirjKrj'

/j.T]Se7r(a

Kvvrjyov

KUxaXaei'y

fiovro^, e<pevyev' eir} ttoXvv Se tottov Spa/nuiv koi

'Q

e/j.^a^,

T019 Kepacriv

e/i7rXa/ceJy eOrjpevOt]'

e(br]

fiaTaio<i eyca !
e/c

09 eK jxev tcov ttoSohv eawQrjv,

oty

ejj.efi(p6/xt]v,

^e

twv Kepdrtov

irpoeSoOrjv,

ofy

eKaxr^co/njv.
27.

THE FOX AND THE RAVEN.

eirl

Ko^a^, Kpeai dpirdaa^i

aXioTTt]^ Se

Tivoy SevSpov eKaOicretr

TouTOv iSovaa, koi ^ovXtjOeia-a irepiyevieTr/jvei

vQai TOV KpeaT09i (rracra KUTCoOev

avrov, wp

122

FIRST GREEK READER.

evfxop'

ev/ueyeOeg koi koXou opveov kul QijpevriKou kuI

(bov

Koi Xeyouaa,

'On

^pjuol^e

croi

jSaaiXea elvai
do

opvioiv, el Ka\ (pcovrjriKO? virtjp'^e?'

aXX

irolov opveov,

Kou

aXaXov

vwap-^eig'

'O oe Kopa^,
plea's

aKovcrag ravTa, koI

/meydXceg

^avvcoOe}^

rots
fj

CTratvoi^,

to Kpeag,

eKeKpdyer
Kpea^,
ecprj

S'

aXwirr}^,

Spajuovcra kuI Xa/3ou(ra

to

xpo? auTov "E^et?, Kopa^, aTravTa, voOg

Se

(J 01

Xelirei.

28.

THE CITY MOUSE AND THE COUNTRY MOUSE.

cpiXoi;
fivC,

Mi/f dpovpaiog darTiKw yiverai

(ptXiav
'TTiG'TOv/uievo?,

kol

t^j*

TrpwTOs

et?

aypov tov

acTTiKov

irapeXdix^avev, kol ^evlav avTo) TrapeTiOei koi Tpdire^aj/,

(bepeiv olSe toI^ evoiKoucriv

ets

dypov

djuei/Soiuevoi

Se Trjv Peviav 6 cKrTiKos,

^ev, Koi elg

ckxtu tov apovpaiov eKOjui-

dvSpog eviropov TrapeXdju^avev oIkov wj

}]St}

Se

Twv

ovToov
/cat

TrpocraTTTecrOai ^OeXov, Trpoa-iwv tis

T/79 ev

dveKOTTTe'

ToaavTOLKig
ocraKig

TOig o^^oig dirriXavvjueTaXafx(3aveiv'

ecprj, Trjv

ovTO

7relpa9,

eireipcovTO
"A.Trei/u.i,

Kai

TeXeuTuiov 6 dpovpaiog,

ev

dypoig

TrpoTifXMV fxeTpiOTrjTa T^g ev acrTei Tpvcprjg

29.

THE FROGS ASKING A KING.

Trepi
Tijg

JiaTpavoi, XvTTOvfxevoi
TTpecr^eig

eavTUfv avap-^iag,

eireju^av Trpog

tov Ala, ^aariXea auTOii

7rapaa"veiv 6 Se cruviSwv avTwv t^v ewjOeiav, ^uXov

ig Tfjv Xlfivrjv

KaOrJKev Kat ol ^UTpa-^oi, to fxev irpcoTOV

eig

KaTairXayevreg tov y^6(pov,

eSOcrav vcTTepov Se,
CIS
co?

Ta ^ddr}

Trjg Xifxvtii

aKivrjTOv ^v

to ^vXov, avaouvTeif

TocrovTOv KUTadipov^aecog ^XOov, wg koi eiri^aivovTei

9IBST 6KEEK BEADEB.

123
^e

avTw

iiriKaOe^ea-Oar
Tjkov

ava^ioiraOovvTe^

toiovtop

eyeiv ^aa-tXea,

K Seirrepov irpo^ tov Ala, Koi

TOVTOv TrapeKoXovv aWd^ai avroig tov ap'^tiyov tov

yap
Zei;?,

irporrov \iav

eivai

voi-^eXij

koi aooKifiov

6 o

ayavaKTrjo-aq

kut avTwv, vSpov avTOi9

xe/\|ri,

i(p

ov (rvWafi^avofievoi KaTTja-Oiovro.

30.

MEECT7KY AND THB STATUABY.

Ti/nrj

'^pfiij?
OpcoTTOi^
KCLcras

yvwvai ^ov\6/JL6vo^ iv Tin

^Kev
Ka\
eis

irap

avel-

ecTTiVy

ayaXjuaTOTTOiou,

kavrov

avQpwTTU)'
iroa-ov

deacrafxevo^

ayaXfia tov Aio^,

;

tjparra,

eiTTovTo?,
ecprj'

tU avTO

irplaaOai SvvaTai

Spaj^/j-fj^'

eiTTovTog Se,

yeXdcra^,

tou Se

Tlocov to

tjJ? "11^09,

TrXeiovog, iSoov Kai

fia,

Koi vofiicrag,

a)? eTreiSij

to kaxrrov dyoXayyeXog eari Qewv kou KepTots

dvOpooTroig
eivai

owog,

TToXvv avTov irapa

irepi

tov

Xoyov, rjpero
Eaj/ TovTOvg

avTov' 6
/cat

&

dyaX/j.aTOTroio^
irpocrQriKriv <roi

^(p^l)

c)i/i/(7j7,

tovtqv

SiSw/u.

SECTION

IV.

DIALOGUES OF LUCIAN.
1.

DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD.

DIALOGUE

1.

CHAEOX, MEXTPPUS, A>T) HERMES,

(Mercury.)

XA. 'A-TTo'^oy, w KaTapaTc, to. TropOfieia. ME. Boa, ei TovTO croi ^Siov, w ^dpcov. XA, 'A-n-o^o?, (p^fii, dvO' <av <re Sieiropd/uLevo'dfjLTjp, ME. OvK dv Xd^oig Trapd tov eyovTog. XA. EcTTt <Je Tig o^oXov e-)(U)v\
firj fxr}

124

FIRST GREEK READER.

ME.

Ei

fiev Koi a'AXo?

ns, ovk olSa^ eyu) Se ovk

XA, Kat imrjv ay^oo

t]V fit]

cre, vr]

tov TlXovrcova, w

fxiapi,

aTTOOW^.

10

ME.
Koaviov.

Ka-yo) T(p ^vX(a

crov

-Trara^a?

SiaXva-oo

to

XA. ME.
15

MaT7i/ ouv

ecrt]

TreTrXeu/cw? toctovtov ttXovv',

e/jiou

'O

'^pfirj^

virep

croL

cnroSoTCO, os

ixi

TrapeoooKe

croi.

'EP.

N^

Ala,

uivafxriv

ye,

ei

fiiXkoo koi

virepeK-

TLVeiV TOOV vcKpcov.

XA. Ovk a7ro(TTWO/J-cii ME. TovTOV ye eveKa

Trapajiieve'

crov.

veojX/cjycra?
fxr]

to

TropOfieiov,

ttXw aXX' o ye

e'^co, ttco?

av Xa^oi^;

20

XA. 2y ^' ou/c ^'^et? 0)9 KO/mi^ea-Qai ME. "HtiJeii/ ^teV, oy/c er)(Ov ^e- rt
TOVTO
fxr]

Siov',

ovv; eyji^v Sia

a.7ro6auiv\
oi5i/

av-)(^(reis TrpotKU TreTrXevKevai; XA. M0V09 ME. Oj) TTpoiKa, w ^iXria-re- koi yap i'lvrXticra,

25 Kal

rrjg

Kcoirr]^

a-vveireXajSofJi.ijv,

Kal ovk eKXaov

fiov^

TU)V aXXcov eTTi/SaTcov.

XA.

OvSev ravra
ere 8el-

irpoq

ra

TropOfieia-

rov 6^0X0

a-KoSovvai

ov

yap

Qe/xi^
fxe

aXXoos yevea-Oar

30

ME. XA. ME. XA. ME. XA.

OvKovv airdyaye

avOi^ is rov ^lov.

Ka\ irXnyds eiri

Hdpcev
M>7

Xeyeis,

'iva

tovt

Trapa tov Am/cou irpocrXajiw.

ev6-)(Xei ovu.

Ael^ov Ti
Qepfxovs,

ev Trj irrjpa e^eii.

el OiXeis,

Kal Ttjs 'E/ccitj;?

to Seixvi^

35

JloOev TOVTOV

^fxcv,

'E^o/x^,

TOV Kvva v^ayeft

KIEST GREEK READER.

ina 0 Koi eXaXei irapa
airain-cov

126

rov ttXovv, twv eiri^arwv tcou

KarayeXcov, Kol eTrKrKooTrTwv, koi fxovos aSoov,

oijULcaTovrcov eKclvcov'^

'EP.
era?;

^A.yvoels,

w Xaofov, ovTiva avSpa

SieTropOiuev-

eXevOepov aKpl^u)s, KovSevos avT(p fteXer

owToy 40

ear IV 6 MewTTTro?.

XA. Kaf firju av ere \a^(o ttotc ME. *A.v Xd^r]^, ^iXTicTTe' S^i
DIALOGUE
2.

Se ovk avXd^oi^.

CEffiSUS,

PLUTO, MENIPPUS, MIDAS,

AND SARDANAPALUS.

KP. Ov
)

(bepo,ueu,

TlXovroov, MeViTTTroi/ tovtovI

rj

rov Kvva irapoiKovvraij/xeis

uxrre

cKeivov ttoi fieracrrrja-ov,

fxeTOiKrjcroixev
^' u/>ta?

eh erepov roirov.
Seivov epyouCerai, ofioveKpo^ wv\

IIA. Tt

KP.
':klvcov

'Exef^ctJ/
fxejuvTifxevoi

rjixeh

oliJ-wTwixev,
dvu),

Koi
fiev

OTevoo^ev^
ovTocrl

twv

M/e^a?

tou

/niKTiov,

^apSavairaXos Se

Trjs

TroXXrjs Tpv<pt]9, eyco

TU)v Otjcravpoov, eiriyeXa

al

Kal e^oveiollCei, avSpuTroSa

KaOdpimaTa

fifia^

UTroKaXuiv.

evloTe oe koi

aScoVy

irirapaTTei ^/xwv ra? oijULwya^' Kai oXeos, XvTrtjpos ean. 10

IIA. Tt Tuvrd

(batriVf

w M.emnre',
jULicru)

ME.
"1$

^A.Xt]6i], CO

TLXovTcov
ols

ydp

avrovg, dyevfSiwi^ai

Kai

oXeOplovs ovrag,

ovk aTre-^tjcre
/ucejuvijin-ai,

cucwg,

dXXd

Kal diroOavovres
-^^aipco

en

kuI irepii15

Vovrm

TU)v dvco.

roiyapovv

dvicov avrovs.

IIA.

'AXX'

ov XP^'

Xuxoi/KTat

ydp

ov fxiKpcov

rrepovfjLevot.

ME. Kat
tf

(TV

fxoopaiveig,

TlXovTCOVf 6fi6y^i](poi

}V

T0?9 TOVTCov aTevayjuLots'i

126

FIRST GREEK READER.

20

IIA. Oi/oa/Awy

aXX
w

ovk av eOeXoifii (rracridl^eiv

ME. Kal
Kai

fii^u,

KOLKia-TOi

A^vScov,
co9

Koi,

^pvydoVf

A.(T(TvpLwVi ovTco

yipuxTKere,

ovSe

irava-off.evav

fiov ev9a

yap av

'Irjre,

aKoXovOrjcrw,

ai/iooVf

koi Kara.'

25

Sdov,

Ka\ Karayekwv.

ME.

KP. Tavra ov-^ OuK' aXX

v^pi^;
eKelva v^pi? ^v, a
v/xeig iiroieiTe,

TrpotrKwelaQaL
UTpu(p(iovT$f

a^iovvres,

Kal

eXevOepois

avSpd<nv
fxvij-

Kai ToO OavaTov

TO irapdirav ov

30 aopeuovres' TOiyapovu
prjfxevoi.

oifMca^ecrOe,

irdvrwv eKelvcov dcpi^

KP.
MI.

IIoXXwj/ ye,

Oeoi, koi fxeydXcov KTtjfxaToov.

Ocrov

fieu iyco

^vcrov.

2A.
35

Ocrt]^ Se eyco rpvcbtjs.

ME.
eyco oe,

tjvye,

outoo

iroLeire.

oSvpecrOe

[xev

vjueli'

to

"

VvwOi aavTOv" TroXXaKis

TrpeTroi

a-vveipwv, eiraoijuooyaii

aofiai

vjuiiv.

yap av Tah roiavTaiq

eiraSoiJ.evov.

DIALOGUE

3.

ZENOPHANTUS AND CALLIDEIHDES. I m

w
}^aXXiS}]/ULlSr],

ZH. 2y
ixev

Se,

ttw? OLTreOave^;

iyt

yap, oTi TrapaariTOs dv Aecvlov, TrXeov tov

Traprj^

iKavox

enKpaycov, aTreirvlyijv, olcrOafJLOl.

yap
<5'

diroOv^aKOVT'

KA.
yepovTa.

Tlaprjv,

do

Z}]v6(pavTe'
crv

to

e/uov TrapaSo^o,

Ti eyevcTO'

olaOa yap Ka\

irov

JlTOioooopov to

ZH. Tov
'^deiv

OLTCKVOV,

TOV

TrXovCTLOV,

(TC

TU

TfoXXi

(TvvovTa;

FIRST GSEEE HEADER.

127

KA.
'efJLol

^tjKeivov avTOV aei iOepaTrevov, viricr^vov/xepog \Q

TeOv^^eaOai.

iirei

oe

to irpay/Ma
e^t]vpoP'

eg juli^kiotov
eT>;, eTr/ro-

erelveTO, kai virep

Luu

top TiOwvov 6 yepcov

Tiva oSop

eirl

top KKtjpop top

Trpid/J-epog

yap

papfjLaKOP, ap7rei(ra

WroioScopog

ouT^crfj irieiv

oIvo'^oop, eTreiSctP rd'^KXTa 6

iripei

o eTrieiKwg X.wpoTepov 16

eujSaXovra
pai

e? kvXiko, ctoijuop eyeip

el

avTO, Koi

eiri-

avTW'

Se tovto Troirjaei, eXevOepop eTray/xo-

TdUTjp a(pt]<Teip avTov.

ZH. Tt
oiKag.

ovp eyepero', iraw

yap
'

Ti traoaSo^ov ioeiv

20
r,KOiiev,

KA.
icpy

'Exet TOiPVP Xovcrafxepoi

Svo

IjSt]

ieipoKiprKog KvXtKag eroi/JLOvg e-^oop^ ttiv /xev Tut Y\.toioTrjp e-^ovcrap

to

(pdpfJLOKOP, Ti]V
e/zot

& erepap
to

efj.oi,

ryaXcJf

ovK

Old

oxwy,

fiep

(pap/JLOKOP,

riroio^wpu) Se Ttjp acpapfiaKTOP eireSwiKeP'

~:vep'

eiTa 6 jxep 26
inro-

eyu)

oe

avTiKa fxaXa

iicTaofjp

eKei/j.T]p

\i/j.at09

dpT cKeipov peKpog.

KOI
ixrjp

T/

tovto', ye\agf

.6(paPTe',

ovk eSei ye eraipu) avSpl

eirt-

yeXap.
7,}r[.

^A-orela yap,

J^aWiSrjfxiSi],

ireTropOag.

6 30

yepwv Se, ti irpog TavTa',

KA.
jia lie

TLpcoTOP

fxep

vireTapayOrj irpog
yeyeprj/mepop,

to

ai(j)vioiop.

'ra (Tvpeig,

oifiai,

to

eyeXa koI avros

Tpa- 35

6 oiPO-)(oog etpyaarai.
TiXrjp dXX' ovSe ae ttip eTriTOjULOP e-^rjp

ZH.
yQai'

^Ke
ei

yap ap

<roi

Sia

Tfjg

Xeaxpopov a(r<pa\-

repop,

koi oXlyu) ^paSvTepov.

128

FIRST GREEK READER.

DIALOGUE

4.

PLUTO, PKOTESILAUS, AND PERSEPHONE

(Proserpine).
/cat

HP. 'O
Kai
(TUf

ceariroTai

^acriXev, koi
fitj

^/ixiTepe

Zeu,

d^rifirjrpo^

Ovjarep,

virepiSrjre

Serjariv

ipWTlKlJV.

II A.

Ziv oe Tivcov

Set]

Trap'

^fxoov

t]

T19

wv Tvy-

HP.
eir

Et/zf juev TIpwTea-cXaos 6 'I<^//cXou, ^vXaKio^,

(rv(rTpaTiu>Tt]s
'lA/to*

twv Ayaiwv,

koi irpwrog cnrodavoDv

rwv

Seofiai SefCKpeOels Trpog oXiyov,

ava^Lowai

iraXiv.

10

IIA. TovTOv
IIP.
yvvaiKos

fxev

Tov

epcora,

JlpcoTecriXac,

TravTeg vefcpoi epwcrr

TrXrjv ovoelg
^j/j/,
^

av avToou Tvyoi.

AX\
oe,
rju

ov TOV

A'i^ddvev, epu)

eywye,

t>/s

veoya/mov

en

ev tco OaXa/ixo) KaraXiTrm',

^"Xpfirjv CLTroTrXecov

etVa o

KaKOf^aiiu!.oov ev Tij

UTro^dcret

15 aireBavov vtto tov ' rjKTopo^' 6 ovv epcog

ov
/xeTpLbO'i aTTOKvaiei
[xe,

Ttjg

yvvaiKo^

Sea-iroTa' koi

^ovXofxai,

Kav Trpos oXlyov

6(j)9eis avTtj,

KaTa^rjvai TrdXtv.

IIA. OvK IIP. Ka<

20 oyKov
rjv.

eVte?,

/maXa,

w w

U pMTea-iXae, tq
acbi^eTai

A^6t]s vScop

oecnroTa' to Se irpayiJ.a virep-

IIA. (JvKovv
IIP.
ripaaOri^

Ttepifieivov

yap

eKeii'r}

TTOTe, Koi ovoev ere aveXQelv Serjcrei.

AXX

ov (pepoa Tijv SiaTpi^^v,

w TiXovTcov

oe KaL

avTog

/;^>;,

Koi,

olaOa oiov to epdv

26

ecTTiv.

HA.
fier

Efra

Ti

(re

ovrjcrei

ixlav
;

rjixepav ava/3iu)vai,

oXiyov

to. uvto. oSvpovfievov

FIRST GREEK READER.

129
v/ias'

TIP. 07fxai

irela-eiv KaKeivrjv

aKoXovOeiv Trap*

riA. Ov
TTCOTTOre.

OejULi^

yeveaOai

ravra,

ovSe

yeyove 30

nP.

'Ava/ivjjo-w

ere,

S UXovtcov

^Opcpei yap, Si

avTr]v TavTTip TTjv aiTiav Ttiv nivpvoiKTjv irapeooTe, Kai

Tt]v ojULoyevt] jULov " AXKi](mv TrapeirejJ.yjfaTe,

'UpoKkei
35

^apuCo^evoi.

IIA. QeKryrei?
KCLKelvr]

Se,

ovToo Koaviov yvfivov

(pavrjvai
;

wv, xai
ttw? oe
;

afiopcpov, Trj KoXrj crov Keivi] vvfiKprj

Trpouoy^eTai

are,

ovSe

Siayvwvai

ovvaf/.evri

cbojSijcreTai
eat]

yap,

ev olSa, koi (pev^eral ere' kul fiaTtjv

TOcravT^v oSov aveXjjXvOu)^.

avep,
crh

4"

IIE. OvKOvv, w
Xaos

koi tovto lacrai, Kai rov

'Epjurjv KeXetcrov, cTreiSav ev

T],

tw
e/c

(poyri

>jorj

6 ilpayrea-i-

KaQiKOfxevov

t^ pd^Scp,

veav'iav evOv^ KciXou

airepyaaaa-Oai airrov, 0109 ^v

tou

iraiTTOv.

IIA.
TOP

ETreJ Tiepcre(p6vr] auvtiOKet, avayaylav tov- ^5

TToirja-ov

avOis,

w/j-cpiov

av Se

fiefivricro

fxlav

Xa/3a)v rifxepav.

DIAIOGUE

5.

iEACIJS,

PEOTESILAUS, MENELAUS,
PARIS.

AND

AX. T/
irecrwv
',

ayyei^,

ll pwrecriXae, ttjv 'EXevrjv irpoo"-

nP. Ori
(lev

Sia ravTrji',

w Am/ce,
j^jjpav

aTreOavov, ^fxiTeXr}

TOU oojuov KaTaXi-tTwv,

Se ttjv veoya/xov 5

yvvaiKa.

AI.

AiTift)

TOLWv TOV MeveXaov, ooti?

Tpolav
r^yayev.

vfjt.as

inrep

ToiavTtjs yvvouKog eiri

130

FIRST GBEEK READER.

juoi

IIP. Ej) \eyei9' ckcivov

aiTiareov.

]ME. OvK
SUaia M'^ero

e/Ae,

/SeXriCTTe,

aWa

SiKaiorepov

Tot'

10 Tldpiv, o? ifiou Tov ^evov t>V yvvaiKa irapa iravra to.

apiracra^'

oiTog

yap

ov-^ viro crov /novoVi

aXX' VTTO iravToov '^XKrjvdov re

/cat

Bap^dpcov apio^

ayyeadai to(tovtois Bavarov

aLTiois yeyevrjfxevo^.

nP.

"Afxeii/ov ovToo'
e/c

ere

roiyapovv,

Avcrirapi,

15 OVK acp^cro) Trore

twv

-^etpoov.
(S

IIA. 'Aot/ca
o^ore-^vov ovra
T(p

TTOiMu,
<tol,

TlpcoTecriXae,

Kal

ravTa,
Kat

epcoTiKog

yap

Kai avTO<;
cog

ijuii,

avTM

Oeo)

KaTea-^rjfxar
rifxag

otada e
ayei,

aKoucriov Ti

ecTTL,

Kai Tig

Salfxcov

euOa dv e0eX>;- Ka]

20 douvaTOV ecTTiv dvTiTdTTeaOai avTW.

nP.

El) Xeyeig'

elOe ovv juoi tov "E^ocoTa evTavOa

Xa/Seiv SvuaTov ^v.

AI. 'Eyco
Ta
25
oiKaia'
'iaoog

(TQi

Ka\ inrepTov

'EpwTog

diroKpLvov/xai

(brjcrei

yap avTog
a'lTios'
are

/mev

tov epdv

tw Wdpi^i
croi

yeyevrja-Qai
to

tov Oai/dTOV Se

ovSeva
Trjg

dWov,
ovTW

YlpooTeaiXae, ^
yvuaiKog,
eirei

avTov, og eKXaOo/mevog
Trj

veoyd/xov

irpocrecpepecrOe

TpcodSif

<piXoKivouv(t)g Ka] dirovei/orjiueucog TrpoeTr^otjcrag to)p

rjv

dXXcov, vd^r]g epacrQelg, Sl

irpwTog iv

Trj

diropacrei

30 aTreQaveg.

nP.
Kpivovixai
fj

GvKovv

Kcti

inrep e/navTOv aoi,

;

oo

Ata/ce, aTroa'lTiog^

SiKaioTcpa

ov

yap eyw

tovtoov

aXX fioipUf KOI TO ^ dp-)(r]g ovTiag eTriKeKXSxrOai. AI. ^Opdwg. t/ OVV TOVTOvg aiTia
;

FIRST

GREEK BEADES.

131

DIALOGUE

6.

HERMES AND CHARON.

IlopO/xev, el SoKei, oTrocra

*EP. AoyKTw/JieOaf
aoi
ocpeiXei^
rjSrjy

oxft)y

uh avOi^
'^pfxrj-

epcl^cojuiev

ti

irepi

avTcov.

XA.
'EP*
uwv.

Aoyia-wfieOa,

afieivov

yap wpiaOai
6

jrepi avTO)V, xai aTroay novicrrepov.

"A-yicvpav ipTeiXafievw eKOfiicra

irevre ^po.^-

XA.
'EP.

IIoXXou

Xe'yet?.
winja-afMfjv,

N^

Tov 'AiScovea, rcov TreWe

Kai

rpoTrcoTrjpa Svo o^oXcov.

10

XA.

TlOei irivre Spa-^/xdg, koi o^oXov^ Svo.

(iKecTTpav inrep

'EP. Kat

tov

1(ttIov,

irevre

o^oKov^ eyu) KaTejSaXov.

XA. Kat TOVTOv^ TrpooTiOei. 'EP. Kat Kt]pov 0)9 eirnrXdaai tov
avewyoTa, nai ^Xof?
virepav eTroirja-a^

(TKa(pioiov
dcf)'

ra 15
tj/v

<5e,

Koi

KaXwSiov,

ov

Svo Spa-^/JLwv airavTa.

wv^trco.

XA. Eyye, a^ia TavTa 'EP. TavTo. eoTiv, el

ev Tcp Xoyi(TfJL(f'

jjlt]

ti

dXXo

r]fj.a<;

SieXaOev
(bt]^
;

TTOTe

ovv TavT dTToSwaeiv

'EpjuLtj,

20

XA.
Tig
T]

r\vv

fxev,

w
ev

dSvvaTOV

rjv

Se Xoijuog
evicrrai

TToXe/xoy

KaTaTre/xy^rj

dOpoovg Tivdg,

T0T6 ctTTOKepSavai
TTOpOueia.

tw

TrX^Oei TrapaXoyilCdfiCvov to.

'EP. Nyv ovv

vog yevecrdai,

eyo) KaOeSovfiai to.

KwcKTra

evyo/Jie-

25

w? av airo tovtwv diroXavoifxi.

CO

XA.

(jvK ecTTiv aXXft)?,

'En/x^* vvv

S'

oXlyoi,

a5

opqs, a(piKvovin-ai ^fiiv

elprjvij

yap.

32

FIRST GREEK REA.DER.

" A.ixeivov OUT009, el Koi ^fiiv TrapaTeivoiTO vrro
b(pi\r]juia.

'EP.
30
orov

TO

irXi^v

aXX

oi juev iraXaioi, co

^dpcov,
aifiaro^

olcrOa

oloi

irapeyivovTO,

avopeioi airavTe^,
5/

avaTrXeo), koi rpav/narlai oi TroXXor vvv Se,

(hapfxa.K(a
rj

Ti? VTTO Tov TraiSoi airoOapuiv,

VTTO
rpvcprji
e^uiStjKuig

r]

viro

Ttjs

yvvaiKos,
to.

rhv yacrrepa, koi

a-KeXt]'
e/ceiVof?"

36 w-^oi

yap

axaj/rep, koi ayevveh, ovSe ojnoioi

01 oe TrXelcTTOi avrcov,

via

-yjirjiJiaTa

ijKovcriu,

ctti^ovX-

evovTCs aXXijXoi?,

cos eoiKacri.

XA. Tlaw yap TrepiTroOrjTa. ecrri Tavra. 'EP. OvKOvv ovS^ eyoo So^aifxi av a/xapTaveiv^ 40 Kpm OLTraiToov ra ScpeiXojmeva Trapa aov.

in-

2.

DIALOGUES OF THE GODS.

7.

DIALOGUE

ZEtJS

AND HERMES.

ZE.

Triv TOV ^Ivdyov iralca Trjv KoXrjv oltrOa^

'^pM\
'EP. Na/'
Trjv
'let)

Xeyei^.

ZE. OvK
5
Zil^.

TL 7rai9 eKcivt] eaTiv,

dXXd
^'

SdfxaXi^.

'EP. TepdcTTLOv TovTO'

TitjXoTvinjcraa-a
rj

T(p TpoTTU)

cv^XXayr]',

"Upa,

jueTe/BoXev

avTrjv
t;

ciXXd Kai Kaivov

dXXo

tl Seipov

eTriime/JLij^avijTai

KaKoSaijuovr

jSovkoXov

Tivd

TroXvofxixaTov,

Apyov

Tovvoixa, eTrecTTtja-ev, as vejuei Trjv SdfxaXiv, avTrvog wv.

10

'EP. Ti

ovv

>]fids ')(pr] TTOielv',

Zi^. J^aTaTTTafievog

'Apyos ^ovKoXei
TTolrjcroi'.

e? Ttjv

Ne^eav

e/ce?

Se ttov o

cKelvov fxev cnroKTeivov Trju oe To)

^la TOV ireXdyovs e? Tijv A'lyvTTTOv uTrayaycop, ^Icriv KUi ToXoiTTOv ecrTco Oeos TOt$ eKer
kui tov


FIEST GREEK READER.

133
eTr/TTCyU'jreTft),

NaXov
<ra)lCeT(o

avayeroo, koi tovs ave/uLOVs

/cat

15

Touy xXeovra?.
8.

DIALOGUE

HEPH^STUS {Vulcan) AND ZEUS

jULe,

(Jupiter).

"H^. Ti

ZieVf

-yjiri

iroielv

rjKUi

yap,

&>?

CKeXeva-a^f e^yuiv

rov ireXeKW o^ututov,

Kai \i6ov

0601 fxia irKrjyrj oiaTe/xeiv.

'ZiEi.

Euye,

(a

"Hcbaicrre.

aWa
\

oieXe

fjLov Trjv

K(pa-

\i]v e/y ovoy

KaTeveyKwv.
fxov,
1
^li/JLrjva

"H*!*.

Jleipa

irpoa^aTre

S*

ovv

TuXjjOe?, oTrep OeAet?

ZiEi.

TouTO avTO
ov

croi

yevecrOai.

SiaipeOtjual juot

to KpavLOv
Ou/jlw,
<xt

ei

Se

aireiOyjcrei^,

vvv

irpurrov opyi^o/j.ei'ov ireipaarr}

irairri

fjLov

aWa

-^h

KadiKve'icrOai

tw

/iijSe

10

ueWeiv

airoWv/xai

yap
fit]

viro

w^lvoov,

fioi

tov

yK(pa\oi' avaoTpecpovcriv.

"H^. "Opa,
yap
6 TreXeKvg

(a

Zey,

kojcov ti

Trou^a-tofiev

d^i/y

ecm, koi ovk

are.

avaijucoTi,

ovoe Kara ttjv

EtXiJ0u/ai/, /j.aiu)<TTai

15

ZE.
yap
(TOV

J^ariveyKe fxovov,

"Hcbaicrre,

Oappwv ol^a
j^prj
',

eylo

to

(Tv/uLCpepov.
fieu, KaTOi(T(o

H^.

"Akoov
j

Se'

ti

yap

Troielvj
(o

KeXevovTOS

ti

tovto

',

Kopt] evoirXos
etVoTftj?

M-eya,

Zev, KUKOV ef^ey ev rp Ke(pa\ri'

^(xOa,
vo)v,

yovv o^vdvfio^ 20

Tr]\iKavTi]v vtto Tij fxtjuiyyi

irapQevov iwoyo-

Kai

TavTa evoirXov
ej^wv
rj

rj-jrov

aTpaToireoov, ov Ke(pa-

Xi/v eXeXi^Oei^

Se TnjSa, kcu Trvppi-^l^et, koi Ttjv

aarinoa Tivacrcrei, koi to Sopv TrdWei, koi evOovcria'

KOI

TO

fiiyicTTOv, KaXt]

iraw koi

ciK/maia yeyivrjTai
Koa-fxel koi

fjor]
tj

25

ev ppayel' yXavKunrii ixivy

aXXa

tovto

134
Kopvi}'
ijorj

FIKST GREEK READER.

waTe,

ctf

Zeu, fxaicoTpd

fxoi

airoSoi eyyv^aai

avTrjv.

ZE. 'A^wara
avTiXeyo).

aireig,

co

'

Hd)at(7Te* trapdivo^
efiol

yap
ovSev

30 ael eOeXijaei fxeveiv eyu) o

ovv to ye eir

"H$. Tout
KOI
r'jSr]

elSovXofxrju.

e/no).

fieX^aei

to.

Xonrd'

(rvvapiracTW avTtjv.
Ei'
croi

TiEi.

paSioVf outoo

xo/er

TrXijv

otSa oti

35 dSwoLTcov epa^.

DIALOGUE

9.

ZEUS, ^SCULAPIUS, AND HERACLES

(Hercules).
to

ZE.

TiavcacrOe,

'Acr:X/7rie KOi

'H^oa/cXei?,

epi-

^ovTeg TTpos dWijXovg coanrep dvOpcoTror dirpeTrtj

yap

TavTa, KOI dXXoTpia tov

crvfnroa-iov toov Oeoiv.

'HP. 'AXXa

eOeXeis,
;

Zed, tovtou] tov (papfxaKea

5 TrpoKaTaKXivea-Oal juov

A^.

N;; A/ar/,
imt]

Ka). afxeivcov

yap
;

eifxi.

'HP. Kara
eKepavvwcrev,

efx^p6in-r]T

v ^ioti
vvv

ere

6 Zeyy

Oe/nig

iroLovvTa,
;

Se

kut eXeov

av6i9 dOavaa-las fieTelXrjcha^

10

A2.
O'lTrj

^^TriXeXyjcrai

yap

koi

crv, co

'H^oa/fXet?, ev Ttj

KaTacpXeyeig, oti
'icra

fxoi opeiSl^eis

to

irvp

'HP. OuKovv
fiev vlog
eifii,

Ka\ ofxoia ^e/BicoTai ^juiw o?

ireirovriKa

A/o?

TOcravTa Se

eKKaQaipoov top

/3iov, Orjpia

KaTaycoviT6juevo9, koi dv6pu>7rov9 v^piaTug

15 TifioypovjULeuo^' crv Se piToToiJios el Ka\ dyvpTrjg, voaovai

fiev
Kcou,
((Tftjf

av6pu>7roi9 yjprjcrifxog eig ewiOecnv

eTrioeoeiy/uiepos.

twv

(papina-

dvSpwSes Se ovSev
E(} Xeyei^'

'A2.
OTI

oti <tov

Ta eyKavjmaTa

iacrdfir]v,

irpcarjv

dvrjXOeg ^fi[<pXeKT0$ vir

dfidioiv Sic(pdap'

FIKST GREEK EEADEE.

tte'vo?

135
fx-era

TO

awfJLa, Kai

tov ^iTu>voi,
koI
/jLtjSev

/cat

tovto tov 20

TTuoo?"

iyto
crv,

Se

et

aWo,
rrjg

ovre eoovXeva-a

ucnrep

ovre e^aivov epia ev Auo/a iropcpvploa

Koi
Traioiiievog

i/SeSvKW9,

viro

^0/x(paXr]^ yj}v<TW

aavSaXo}-

aXX

ovSe /ueXay^oXjyo-a? aireicTeiva to. tckvu

Kai Ttjv yvvaiKa.

26
irava-t]

'HP. Ef
fMoXa
etcrr],

/u^

XoiSopovfievos
ere
ovrjaei.
rf

fJ^oi,

avriKU
eirei

wg ov ttoXv

aQavaaia'

apdfJLevog
fiTjSe

are,

pi^w

eiri

K(paXT]v ck
ere,

tov ovpavov, wcrre

TOV Tlaicova laaaa-Oai

to Kpaviov avvrpi30

Bevra.

ZE.

WaxxracrOe,
rj

(br]/j.i,

ku).

jULtj

eiriraparTere
vna.<s

rj/xiv

Tt]v avvoucriav,

afxcborepovs airoTreix-^o/JLai
(a

tov

avjULTrocriov

kuitoi euyvay/xopy

'UpaKXei^, irpoKUTa-

KXlveaQai

aov tov

^A.(rK\tjTri6v,

utc kui irpoTepov

35

airoOavovTa.

DIALOGUE

10.

HERMES AND MAIA.

CO

'EP. "EcTTt yap

aOXiurrepo^ e/xov
;

T<?,

urJTep,

iv

ovpavw Oeog

MA. M^
'EP. Ti
uevog

Xeye,
fir]

'E^o/x^,

toiovtov

fitjSev.

Xe-yto,

o?

Toaavra TrpdyfiaTa
caipeiv to
KXicriav,

e^(D,

ftovos KOfivcov, Koi. irpo9 TOcravTaq vTnjpea-lag

;

Siacnrce(tv/m-

ecoOev fxev

yap e^avaaravTa
SiacTTpuxravra

irocriov

oer

/cat

tt]v

evOe-

TJ/txarra tc eKaa-Ta, Trapecrrdi'ai

tw

Att", irat

Siacbepecv

Ta^ ayyeXia^ Tag irap avTov

fiovvTa'

avco Kai KaTco ^fiepoSpO'

Kai e-TraveXOovTa Irt KCKOvifievov TrapaTiQivai 10

TTjv ajuL^Spoaiav Trp\v Se

t]Kiv,

tov vcwvtjtov tovtov otvowoov

Kai

TO veKTap

eyia eveyeov

to Se

ttolvtoov Seivo-

136
rarov,

rmsT greek reader.

on

lurjSe

vvkto? KaOevSo) fxovo^

twv aWoov,

aXKa
yap

Set jue

Kal

Tore tw TIXovtmvi

yp^v^aycoyeiv, koi

15 veKpoTTO/uLirou elvai, koi Trapecrrdvai

tm

^iKacTTrjplu)' ov

iKavd

/uoi

ra

Tijs

^/mepag epya,

iv

TraXaia-rpaig

elvai,

Kav

Toi^

eKKXtja-iais

KtjpvTTeiv,

koi

prjropag
fie-

KOLod(jKeLv,
l~iepi(TiJ.evov'

aXy en
KaiTOi

koi veKpiKo. crvuSiaTrpaTTeiv

[xev
Tt]9
rj

ra
koi

Aj/^a? reKva,

irap

20

riij.epav

eKUTepos ev ovpavcp

eu

aSov

elcr'iv

ijuol

Se

KaO

eicacrTrjv rj/xepav

ravTa

KOLKelva

Troieiu

avaye/c

Koiov.

Koi

01

/ULev

AXk/xijuj^s

koi

SeyueX???

viol,

yvvaiKwv
6 Se

ovcttijpcov yev6iJ.evoL,

evwyovvTai a.(pp6unS(;'
avrocg' Kal

Ma/a9 r^?
ecp
rjv

^A.TXai/T[oog SiaKovovfxai
fxe

25 vuv apTi rjKOVTO.

cnrb ^iSoouog Tcapa nji

l^dSjuov

OvyaTpos,
r]

Trewo/mcpe jue o'^ofxevov o Ti TrpaTTei

TreTrojuLCpev

Trah,

iu.r]oe

dvairvevcravTa,
Ttjv

auOis e?

to

"A.pyog eTTLdKe-^oinevov
^oicanav,
30 KOI
oAft)?
(prja-lu,

Aavdrju.

clt

eKelBev es

eXOcov, ev TrapoSo) rrjv ^ A^vnoTrtju iSe.

}]rj.

airr^yopevKa
ri^iwcra

el

yovv
oocnrep

fxai

Svvarou
ev

>;/,

^Secos

dv

TreirpacrdaL,

ol

y^ KaKwg

SovXevovreg.

MA. "Ea
ereiv

ravra, w tckvov -^i] yap irdvra vinipveaviav

tm

irarpi,
eig

ovtw
e?

kuI vuv wcnrep eireix-

35 ^0>/9, aro^ei

"Apyog, elra

rhv Boicoriav,

/ut]

Kal

TrXriyaq ^paSvvcov Xa/3oi9* o^J^oAoi

yap

oi epcovreq.

DIALOGUE

11.

THE CYCLOP POLYPHEMUS AND POSEIDON

{Neptune).

KY'. ^Q
pYia-ag.

iraTep, oia tre-Trovda inro tou

(xe,

Karaparou

^evov, OS /JLeOvcras e^ervcpXcocre

KOifxcafxev^ eirf^^ei'

FIRST GKEEK READEK.

137
<a lloXvcprjfie',

no. Tig KY. To

S'

^u 6

raura ToXfi^aag,

fiev

TTOWTOV OZriv airrov aireKaXer

/;v

cTrel

^e Siicbvye, koi e^co

/3eXoi/?, ^0u(r<Tvg ovojual^ecrOai

no.
ave-TrXei.

OlSa ov

Xeyeig,
tto)?

tov

^lOoK^criov'

i^ 'IXiov
ou^e

S'

'AXXa
ojj/;

tout'

tirpa^ev,

irdw
10

evdapa-rjg

KY.

KaTeXa/3ov

ev tu) avrpio, airo T^g vofi^g ava-

<TTpe->^ag,

iroSXovg Tivag, eTri/SovXevovrag SrjXov OTi

i-jre]

Tolg TTOifivioig'

yap

eireOtjKa

{jrirpa

Se

ecrri

TrafjLfxeyed/]g)

koi

r^ dupa to Trw/xa to irvp aveKavaa,

tov opovg,
ecpavrjcrav

evav(rd/xevog o eipepov Sevopou diro

15

UTroKpuTTTeiv auTovg ireipd/J-evor eylaoe

Tivag,
(ticnrep

avXXa^wv avTwv
oirrag.

eiKog

tjv,

Koretpayov, XrjOTag ye
eKelvog,

'EvTavOa 6 iravovpyoraTog
'0^u<rcreu9 ^v, SiSoocri /xoi

eiTe Ourt?, etre

irie'iv

(papfiaKov ti ey^eag,

^Sv

fxev KOI

euocTfJiov,

iircjSouXoTaTOV oe koi Tapa-^co- 20

fxoi

SecTTaTOV airavTa yap evOug eooKei

iriovTii Ka\

TrepKpepearOai

TO

a-TrTjXaiov
fjfJirjU'

auro dvecrrpiipeTO, koi ovkcti

TeXog Se
eg vttvov

oXcog
crOrjv.

ev

efxavrw

KaTccnrd-

'O

Se, OLTTO^vvag eTvcpiXooari /xe

tov ixo'^ov, Ka\ irvpwaag ye

KaOevSovTa'
koi
cltt

TTpocreTi,

CKelvov 25

TvcpXog

eifxi (roly iv

ttocreiSov.
K0ijui.i^9r]g, u>

no.
cpuyev',

'Qg ^aOuv

TtKvov, og ovk i^eOopeg

fxera^u TvcpXoufievog.

'O

^'

ovv ^OSvtrcrevg

vwg

Sie-

ov

yap
Trjg

av, ey olo

oTi, eovv^Qij cnroKiv^crai Ttjv

ireTpav diro

Oupag.

30

KY.
e^iovra-

'AAX'
koi

eyoj dcpeiXov, wg fxaXXov

avTov Xd^oijui
eQripoav
eg

KaOicrag

irapa

Trjv

Ovpav

ra?
ttjv

yelpag eKTreracrag, fiova irape\g to. irpo^aTa

138
vofitjVf

FIRST GREEK READER.

evreiXa/xevof tS>
ejuov.
Kpt.Q>-

oirocra

e'^rjv TrpaTreiv

36 avTov virep

no.
avTov.

^avOavd),

VTT Kivoi{;

eXaOov VTre^eXOovre^eir

ae Se Tovg

aWov^

KJ/cXtoxa? eSet eiri^otjaacrQaL

IV 1

ZjvveKaAea-a,

co

iraTep,

Kai

rjKov

eirei

oe

40 t/povTO

Tov

eiri^ovXevovTOs

Tovvo/ua,

Kayw
fxe,

ecptjv,

oTi OuTis
aTTiovres.

ecTTi,

fxeXay-^oXdv oirjOevres
fxe
fxe,

wyovro
oveiSl-

Outco KarecroSlcraTo

6 KaTapuTo^ raJ

Svofiari.

Ka:
T}]V

o fxaXiarra ^piace
crvfX(popav,
are.

on

koi

^wv

efioi

Oi5o'

6 Trarrjp,

(prjcrlv,

45 TloareiSwu, ida-eTal

no.

Oappei,
Kal

(ti

TeKvov, djuvvovfiai
fxoi

yap

avrov, ws

fidOt], OTi, el

irrjpitKjlv

ocpOaXfJiwv idcrOai dSuifxoL

vaTou, TO. yovv toou TrXeourcov eir

eaTV

TrXef

<5e

eTi

DIALOGUE

12.

PANOPE AND GALENB.

^Oe? oia
eiroirjcrev
fxij
f]

IIA.
irapd

Efc^e?,

YaXrjvri,

"EjOt?
avrrj

TO

SeiTTvov

ev

OerTaXia, Sioti

koi

eKkrjQri e?

to

(tv/xttoctlov',

FA. Ov
5
eKeXevcre

(Tvvei(TTiu)iJ.r]v v/acv ?yct)ye'

yap
fj

YlotreiSociu

/me, u) YlavoTrr],

aKV/m-avrov ev toctovtw (puXaT^'

Teiv

TO

ireXayo's.
;

T/

ovv

eTrolrja-ev

"J^pi^

jur]

irapoxjaa

IIA. 'H GeVi?

<jav
eg

iJ.ev tjSrj

Ka\
Ttjs

6 TirjXev^ cnreXtjXvOeA.ju(j)LTpLTt]9

tov

OaXa/uLOv,

vtto

Kai

tov

10

Tl.oa-ei^uivo's TrapaTrejULCpOevTes.

'H "E^i?

^'

ev

toctovtm

XaOovcra Travra?,

{e^vvriOrj
rj

oe paolcog, toov fxev ttivov-

Toov, evldov Se KpoTOvvTCov,

rw

'ATroAAcoi/i KiOapiC^oiTi

Tats

Moi/cratf

aSova-ais

-nrpoae-^ovTOiv

tov

vovv,)

FIRST GRE READER.

vel3aXv e?
crovv

139
-TrayKaXov,
Se,

to

avfiiroa-iov firjXou

XP^
kqXt] 15

o\ov,

YaXriiri

eireyeypaTrro

'H

XajSeTco.
TjKev

J^vXivSo/Jiei'OP Se

tovto, wcnrep e^eiriTtjoes,

ei/6a

"Upa

re,

koi ^AdypoSiTrj, koi ^A6t]va Ka'lS.pfxrji

TeKXlvovTO.

KaTrei^^ 6

aveXofievos iireXe^aTo

TO. yeypa/ULfieva, ai fiev ^rjprjtSe^ ^fJ^ei^ airecricoTr^a-afiev

TL

yap

0i TTOieiv, Kiviov

TrapovcToov',

at oe

avreiroi- 20
}\.ai

ovvTo
1 fxt]

eKacrrr], Kai airrtjg elvai

to

ixijXov tj^iovv.
ciyjn-

ye 6 Zevi

SiecrrTja-ev

avra^, koi

yeipiiov

av
fiev

rrpovywpticre

to

irpayixa.
irep]

'AXX'

eAceffOf,

A(rro9

ov Kpivu),
SiKOLcrai

(pt](riy

tovtov,
Se
6?

(jcaiTOi

eneivai

ovtov

rj^iovv,)

airiTe
o?

Tfjv

"IStjv

Trapa tov 25

WpiaiJLov

TralSa-

olSe

re Siayvwvai to KaWioVf
ku)v Kpivai

^iXoKuXo^ wv, Kai ovK av

kokw^

FA. T/
IIA.

oj}f

a/ deal,

to

ZlafOTn/;
/cai

Ttj/xepov, ol/xaif cnriacriu ey t^j/*'IJj;j/,

Tty

fj^ei fx.Ta /uLiKpou

aTrayycXwv
(f)ifJi-i,

^fxiv Trjv

KpaTovaav.
KpuTijcrei,
rijs

30

FA.

"YiStj

croi

OVK
ijv

uXXr]
utj

A.<ppoSiT>i9
a/JL^XvCOTTr}.

ayoovil^ofJievrjiy

irdyu

6 SiuiTtp-^

(128;

10

NOTES TO PART

IL

SECTION I.-'A2TEIA.
Millers," are commonly, but erroneously, attributed to Hierocles, a philosopher of the Platonic school, who flourished at Alexandria about the middle of the fifth century.

These 'AuTtla, or " Joe

of ifmfu. i-'f^aaOau viaros: observe that the aorist used where a future might rather be expected, (so also yoffTJcai, in No. 3 ;) and that verbs of touching, holding on by, &c., govern the genitive. /JuiBji, 2 aorist subjunctive of /lai^am. 2. avYY^f^h - aorist imperative of cnr/yiyvwaKW. After xpoai<rxc9 (2 aorist of xpoaix<^ supply rbv poDv, making the phrase equal to animad1. Wfuxrer, 1 aorist

infinitive is

vertere, in Latin.
3.
i;

Observe that the verbs SAvafuu, po\ofuu, and /tAXw, often take
their temporal augment, instead of
e.

as

Svvafuu. is inflected

like

i^T^Xey^ev, from ^leX^T^w. 4. fiJfjLTfrr): the aorist subjunctive, when used for the imperative, as here, commands the doing of an action on one particular occasion ; whereas
tcTOfiai.

the present imperative enjoins the habitual practice. So /Jiif fU/jupov. "do not be always blaming ; " yn?; fiifj.-^, " do not blame on this occasion." In prohibitions, |n) is rarely joined to the aorist imperative, but to the

subjunctive.
5. i.ToOaj'hvTOi. 2 aorist participle,

from ixodtr^KU.

/z^a, "greatly,"

the neuter of the adjective, used as an adverb.

6. e/i Setypui, " as a sample." -repiiipepe, " used to carry :" the imperfect tense is used to express a continued action or a habitual action ; so qpurra, in No. 3, " went on to ask," or " began to ask." 7. elSivoL, from oWa (see Irregular Verbs). we should euTorrpl^cro rather expect eUruirTpl^ero. 8. iKpi^Tf, 2 aorist passive of xpinrrv. rvffofUrou, 2 aorist participle of wwddvotULt. Kaipov, " for a season '' i.e., for a long time, the accusa: ;

tive of duration

ness."

t)((i),

^x*^ f-^ aaOevrfaas, " 1 continue free from sicksignifying " to have one's self," x.e., " to be," when joined

of time.

with a participle, implies the continuance of the state indicated by the participle ; so here the whole phrase means, " I continue now for a long time in a state of non-sickness." 9. 'Afupaiar, " a cask of Aminean wine." The Aminxi, a Thessalian tribe, are said to have introduced into Italy the vines which furnished this wine. It was produced near Naples in greatest qoantitj. (Ck>n-

142
suit Vocahulary.)

NOTES.
%Tp-fiaavTOi, 1 aorist participle of rerpalvu.

Instead

of iXaTTOvTo

we should

expect TjXaTTovTo.

10. virei(re\Owv, 2 aorist participle of {rjreicr^pxofio-t- ?(7eie, shake." (See note on 6, irepU(pep.) ^usinrode^b/ievos, " with the intention of catching," or "expecting to receive." iTr6, like s?i6 in Latin, means properly, "from beneath;" i.e., in a lower position. The future participle is used to express a purpose or intention, or an expectation. 11. Observe iro\\(f, in the dative, after the comparative adjective, expressing the measnrc of difference. The accusative is sometimes used in
this sense.
12. rjpdrra iiSup ineiv, " asked about water for drinking ;" literally, "to drink." The infinitive mood is a kind of verbal substantive, and often takes the place of a noun. Here it is equal to the accusative of the Latin gerund with ad; i.e., ad bibendum, %Kdl ydp this phrase is often used " like our moreover," and the sense may easily be discovered by supply:

" began to

ing the ellipse; so here we may read, "and {tkey alleged it was good), drank out of it." 13. rd. diaK6<ria ^7} the article joined thus with the numeral, signifies " the space of two hundred years," looked on as a wliole. fp, con_tracted for ^dei. The contracted form would, if regular, be fiji, but Xpa.ofj.ai, di.\pdo}, treivdo}, fw, Kvau, fffidw, and a few others, generally contract ae and aei into 7) and y (instead of a and q.).
for his parents
:

14. ds X'^'^P-^V' ^c-'^o-y^'"! "being shipwrecked in a storm." Here we should rather expect x"M'*'''') liut verbs signifying rest in aj'lace are very often followed by a preposition denoting motion, with an accusative, the phrase thus suggesting the movement that preceded and led to the state of rest. So here the preposition els, with tlie accusative, suggests the sailing into the line of storm and vavayQv relates the result. %Tup (TV/jLirXeduTuv eKdarov, " his fellow-passengers, each for himself, clasping ;" eKdarov being in apposition to rwv ffVfinX. (7Ke6ovs, contracted for ffKeveos, genitive singular of cKeDos, neuter. This is what is called the " Tackling" is propartitive geiiitive " clasping j?ar< o/the tackling." perly expressed by the plural rd. ffKeit}, but the Greek of these dtrreia is not the most correct or elegant. Observe that the penult of dyKvpa is long, while the corresponding syllable of ancdra is short. In later Greek, however, the penult was short, dyKvpa. 15. ffii diriOaves observe that the personal pronouns are expressed in Greek, as in Latin, only when personality is to be strongly brought out as when one person is to be contrasted with anotlier. 16. As jfrei is a historical tense, we should expect ypd<poi., the optative, and not ypd<pTj, the subjunctive ; but the subjunctive is often used, as here, to give vividness to the story, by introducing us to the events as if passing before us. 17. irepda-ai, " to cross." The penult is long in the future and aorist of irepdw, to "pass over" or " cross," while the corresponding tenses o( TTiirpdcKij} (viz., wepdcrw and iirepcCffa) have the a short. 18. rpi<j)ei, a verb singular, with a neuter plural subject, /9tj3X/a. 19. ir/riffxero, 2 aorist indicative of vincx''^oixai. ^dyayeiy, 2 aorist (reduplicated) of dyw. x'^/'^s Ke(pa\r}i must be translated, " without tfte head," (not " your head,") so as to preserve the ambiguity.

20.

ff\n>d>4>0rj,

aorist passive of avyfiVTopMi.

NOTES.

143

21. SoKup, 2 aorist participle active of idx^u. 22. Observe r6Sa in the accusative, after the intransitive verb <iX7e2j'. This is called " tJie accusativt of referaux or limitation." % trepos, sdL rxoXa<rru((Ss, " another simpleton."

SECTION II. ANECDOTES.

1.

etfiapTo,

from

fielpofiai.

2.

ipXvapovv, contracted

for

SapTJvai, 2 aorist infinitive passive of Sip<i>. tfikvapiow, neuter participle of ifikvapiu.

Observe the use of the

3.

article

where we might expect the

indefinite, rli.

ffvyfpfwTjKep, perfect of ffvppiu.

4. The iioiiU of this sentence is in the similarity of sound between We can bring out the play on Tp&rof and the latter part of iiv-Opvrov. the words by making a slight inversion, and translating, " the man, but " Manner," however, is not the most appropriate not the nwn-ner." term here for the expression of the idea, and yet it is the only meaning of Tp6voi tliat is at all suitable for translating the pun. Indeed, it is seldom possible to transfer into another language those pons which are mere play upon words or sounds. 5. xpf)aOan governs the dative (of the instrument), as utor in Latin is

followed by the ablative. 7. airrmj, i.e., the talkative person, i5o\i<rxov. 10. Xantippe, wife of Socrates, is compared to Jupiter, to whom was assigned the duty of sending thunder and rain. 13. ei J T(Ttt, " for all purposes." %irTjp(l4TaT0, (totd IrepelSu. %PpaSuvoPTos, i.e., the person to whom the commission had been given '* being tardy." g fox^i 2 aorist of ?xw. 14. xirop, neuter participle of -rlvu, agreeing with wcuBlof. n^pai is governed in the genitive by i^ippiij/t, the preposition in composition being followed by the same case, as if ej stood alone. Korioie, from KaTiynipLi. Note the peculiarity of augment, the syllabic being employed where tb temporal only should be found. 15. flfflru', from eUmiu, " to enter." (See IrregvlaT Verbs.) 18. opiaafiifov, " having defined." eiSoKifiovproi is the genitive singular n-uter "it (the definition] being approved of;" i.e.. Diogenes approving of it, or adopting it for the time. riXai, 1 aorist participle of TtXXo. eUrqyeyKev, 2 aori~t of eia<f>4pon. 21. Note the play on the words Kbpaxas and icoXoxat. The similarity of sound is more evident when the words are pronounced quickly, as id conversation. The phrase eh Kopaxas, " to the crows," is like our " to the mischief," " to perdition." 22. iKXavffer, from kKcuu. 23. Observe tiie repetition of negatives in this sentence. 25. The genitive, Tifiwpias, " than vengeance," is governed by the eomparative, ipudvum. This is another instance in which the Greek genitive is equivalent to the Latin ablative. 26. iffrepLfUvov, perfect participle passive of rriipv. freffep, 2 aorist of rlTTTo). Our yeyeinnjKws, perfect participle active, from yaifdu. idiom would require an infinitive here rather than a participle. 32. ixapdtU, 1 aorist participle passive, from iraipu. 33. KarerXdyr), 2 aorist pa.sive of rararX^o-w. Note that /3tor and

144
i^lca/jM

NOTES.
are acaisatives of reference after the passive verl).
iJ.P7j/jLOve6(ov.
,

airrov

ia

'governed by
35.

is used with the genitive of a proper noun to denote Adyov, " the son of Lagus." The letter I is appended to all the this, here," ^=Tovrol. parts of ouTOS, to give a stronger demonstrative force ; as, oirroal {hicce), This T has three peculiarities aiTrjl, tovtI. (1.) It is always long, and always has the accent ; (2.) It absorbs a preceding short vowel, as rovTo-i, tovtI; (3.) It shortens a preceding long vowel or diphthong,

The

article

the son of; as rbv

36. tovtI, "

as TOVTOvi.

SECTION
Little
is

III. FABLES

OF ^SOP.

The place and the of the private history of jEsop. date of his birth are uncertain. There is no doubt, however, that he was a slave, and that his parents were slaves. Having been liberated by his master, the philosopher ladmon, on account of his groat mental qualities, he travelled through many countries, and among the rest, Greece. The Athenians prized so higlily his wisdom and talents that He sojourned they erected a statue to him, as we are told by Phaedrus. some time at the court of Croesus, king of Lydia, on the invitation of Having been sent by that monarch, who had heard of his great fame. him to present an offering to Apollo at Delphi, he gave offence to the
Delphians, and was hurled headlong
in

known

by them down the Hyampeian Rock

left any written works at all is a question which considerable room for doubt, though it is certain that Fables hearing jEsop's name wore popular at Athens in its most intellectual age. They were in prose, find them frequently noticed by Aristophanes. Socrates turned some and were turned into poetry by several writers.

563 n.c. " Whether ^sop

affords

We

of

them into verse during his imprisonment (399 B.C.), and Demetrius The only Greek versifier of Phalereus (320 b.c.) imitated his example. /Esop, of whose writings any whole Fables are preserved, is Babrius. Of the Latin writers of ^sojjean Fables, Phajdrus is the most celebrated." Smitli's Bictionary of Biography.

" would have been." rb tIktsiv, " upon the bearing;" i.e., that she bore. fva, " one StA iravro^. " always." cub," (TKVfiuov being understood. 3. ^KaOiffdr), 1 aorist passive of KaOi^oaai. lyvwv, 2 aorist from
1.

hv

Tjv,

2.

iirl

yiyv(h(jKCt}.

4.
6. 7.

eiipdiv,

2 aorist participle of evpiaKW.

all

ecrrcis for e(TT7)Kojs,

dXXd, supply, "

perfect particii)le of very well," but.

inro<t>ip<j).

fffrryxi.

8.
9.

{/v-qveyKas, aorist of

% iwia-Tpatpeb,

from

ivL(rrpi(f>u>.

Sia(f)daprivai, 2 aorist

10. irfei/ffas, 11

from

passive of dicKpdelpu) irv^o). iiridpa/JLovTes, 2

% Sis r^i
7i/j.4pas.

aor'iiL participle

of irt-

Ti^erai, horn tIktu.

" twice in the day."

Ad-

WOTES.

146

verbs of place likewise goyem the genitive ; as, rol 717$ : so in Latin vbi terrarum. reKeiv, 2 aorist infinitive of tIktu. 12. cdpov/jUvoJv Twv dXX&w, " the others being inclined to choose him ;" or, " being on the point of choosing him." 13. Ko^Xfas, " some snails." Snails were considered rather a dainty bj the ancients ; so much so that a Roman country seat was hardly com" plete without its cochlearium, or snai>-preserve." 14. Tdffas }]fiJpas, " during all days ;" i.e., " every day." Observe that duration of time is put in the accusative. here again we find the article with the infinitive 15. rod dStKstp mood, the latter being in fact a verbal noun, governed in the genitive by neuter plural, has its verb, Ap^erai, in the singular. dp^erai. S.Tep, a 16. ifiireffovcra, 2 aorist participle active of ij.i.rLvTCi>. dXX'for iWd, " well, but." 4XX4 often begins a clause having reference to something not expressed, but uppermost in the mind of the speaker. Here the fly ponders with itself, " I am going to die, certainly. WeU, toell! but it is gome consolation that I have had a hearty meal, a satisfying draught, and a comfortable bath." pi^puKO, from pi^ptiicKU and viruKa, from rlyu. 17. Ke<l>ak-^p fiopfi., " the head of a hobgoblin." The masks of the ancients were not faces, but tcJiole heads. ^p shonld rather be r^v, or else the kuI ought to be removed. the article is here equal to the possessive pronoun, 18. ry fiTjrpi " hia mother." vvo\a^ov<ra, scil. riv \(rfO so in the Scriptures, " He
: ; : :

took

up

his parable,

and said."

^/cXdjnj,
flesh

from icX^ttw
(of the

translate,

" For

from which of them has not the

sacrifices)

been stolen

by you?"
19. elvai Karixovra, &c.: "that there was {i.e., existed) another dog, which possessed (literally, possessing) a piece of flesh ;" or, ftvai KaT^ovra may be taken as equal to Karix'^uf. But the former is preferable. %i Si KwreTxev, " and that, on i,ifxli, 2 aorist participle of a<f>lT)fu. the other hand, which he held." S is the accusative singular neuter of the relative pronoun Ss, rj, S, governed by KareTx^20. fK6ovTos, Sia<pdelpovTos: observe that the former is the aorist, " when a stag had come ;" and the latter the present, " and was spoiling," i.e., was going to spoil. ^(pTjcrep, " said, yes ;" i.e., i, the man. avrdt means the man, and airrov the horse. 21. ^paxiPTWv, 2 aorist passive of /S/>^w. dipot is the accusative, expressing duration of time, " during the sunmier ;" while upq, is the dative, indicating a point, time when, or a space of time, in some part of which an action takes place. With xM<2''oy ^PX"'') supply upau.

22. itoXXtji' bSov is in the accusative, expressing motion along or throughout a space; just as action during, or throughout a certain time, is put in the accusative. iweipTjKdis, from iireiirop, (which see in the Vocabulary.) hrunivTOi, from i<pi<rrr]fu. KaXoir], the forms -oItjp, -olrjs, &c., are generally adopted, in Attic, in the singular of contracted verbs in -aw, -ew, and -ow, instead of the common inflexions, -oifj.i, -otj, &c. 23. MeXtraTov, from Melite, i.e., Malta. irpo^Spafiev, from trporpix'^' 24. ^{elXes, 2 aorist indicative of i^aipiw. wadovaa, 2 aorist participle of irdffxi^25. Oifxevoi, 2 aorist participle middle of rldvui. '* having entered into

14G
partnership."
I

NOTES.

ffT&.'s,

2 aorist participle active of

tffrrjfu.

^t^Xaro,

middle of ivdWofiai. tcrdi and ySeiv, from oI5a. 26. KaraXa^dirros, " having surprised him." i/i^ds, 2 aorist participle active of i/x^alvco. i/mirXaKeLi, from i/jLirXiKU). 27. X^ouo-a Sti, &c. there is a sudden change here from the indirect to the direct mode of speech, col being used where we should expect avT(f, and the other second persons supplying the place of thirds. iK^Kpayei, from Kpdfw. 28. iria-ToifJLems, "giving a pledge of," or "sealing, "friendship. ira.perlBei the imperfect of TlOrjfxL is often irlOovv, iriOets, irlSei. & <t>4peip observe that the relative ft is nexder plural, though referring, in syntax, to two feminine nouns. It is the o-tro, or viands, which the writer is thinking of, and he therefore uses & in reference, not to the table and the hosjritality, but to the eatables and drinkables (frira and irord), which were set forward before the guest. tuv 6vtwv, " the things that were there." The genitive follows verbs of toucMng, clinging to, and such like. rpv<pT^i, the genitive governed by irpori/xuv, which implies a comparison tlie comparative in Greek being followed by a genitive, as it is in Latin by an ablative.
aorist
:
:
:

as pointing to a well-Jcnovm deity. 2 aorist infinitive of irap^x'^ ffvviSibv, from cwo'Sa, " being well aware of." KadijKev, 1 aorist of Kadlrj/ii. KarairXay^vres, from KaTavXriffact). rbv \j/6(pov, "at the noise," the accusative of reference. The accusative is often used after intransitive and passive verbs, and even after adjectives, to express the object in reference to which the meaning of the governing word (verb or adjective) is specially applicable. Sometimes such an accusative limits the signification of the verb, and it is then called the accusative of limitation; thus, in the phrase 6.\yeiv ir6Sa, i,\ye?p means to feel pain generally, but when 7r65a is added it limits the pain to one part, g (Svaav, 2 aorist of 5vw, or Svvu. 30. yvCivai, 2 aorist infinitive of yiyvdiffKCJ. After els supply oXkop, or ipyacTTTipiov, " to the workshop, or studio, of a statuary." So we say, " To St. Paul's," i.e., Cathedral understood where the preposition seetns to govern the possessive case. Note that ekdiras, from ekdfw. here we liave the active voice with the reflexive pronoun, instead of the middle voice by itself. ir6crov, the genitive of price, " for how much."

29.

The

article is joined to Aia,

vapaax^^i')

So dpaxMV^f "lixt line, " for a drachma ;" and TrXelovos, " for a larger sum." The drachma of the Athenians was worth about OJd. of our money. irpoaOi^KTiv, in apposition to tovtov, " as an addition," i.e.,
" into the bargain."

SECTION IV.DIALOGUES OF LUCIAN.

Lucian was a native of Samosata, in the province of Commagcne, Syria. He was born probably about 120 a.d., and is believed to have lived till near the end of the century. For details of his life and writings, consult tSmitJi's Dictionanj of Biography.

3.

DiAi/>ouE I. Line dv0' ua; " because."

1.

(iir65os,

aorist

4.

ouk

Slv Xd/3ois,

"you

imperative of diroSlSw/u. could not bj' any means

NOTES.

147

implies a conditicn, and therefore uneertauihff in negative claoses it strengthens the As Charon's fare for negation. 5. d^oXop, an 1 4d. English. the ferrying a spirit over Styx was an obol, relatives pat into the month of the deceased, before sepulture, an obol to pay the boat, and a cake to appease the watch-dog Cerberus, which kept guard on the other

g^

it," (the are.)

As 4*

when joined with the optative

oM =

34. Oip/uwi, "lupines." 15. liirAfirfy, from dvimyu. of Styx. Menippns, being a Cynic philosopher, carried some lupines about with him in a bag or wallet. Lupines were the cheapest food of the very poor. HeccUe's supper was a meal supplied by the rich Athenians to their It was set out at the point where poorer fellow-citizens once a month. three ways met ; and as the poor carried it off so soon as it appeared, they " Hecate was a goddess of a threehad devoured said that Hecate it." fold nature, having different attributes, different names, and different places of abode. She was SeX^mj (Moon], in heaven ; 'Apre/us (Diana), 36. AdXei, " he kept on earth ; and Hecate in the infernal regions. 41. o jabbering." 40. KoiiSewos, &c., "and he cares for nobody." MMtxos, " the vxll-knoum Menippus." Observe the force of the
side
article 6.

added to

Line 1. Tovrorl, " this here." The demonstrative < is II. the parts of ovros, to give strong emphasis to the pronoun. On 4. Observe ifr/i^ereu its peculiarities see note. Section II., 36 (of Notes). governing tico accusatives, ri and 6/iai. 15. vepUxoTcu, " cling to." ;" " 23. j oi>S4, &c, more literally, " how that I that I shall never cease am not going to leave ofi^ either." This is a peculiar construction ; another remarkable example of which will be found in Xen. Anab., I. 3. 6. It is usually called the genitive abadUUe, the in being added to show that the action implied by the participle does not really exist, bat is only thought of or intended. But thb so-called genitice absolute (a term which is seJfeontradictory, and which has been adopted to get easily quit of a difficulty) can always be referred to some recognised grammatical principle and some general rule, and is very often used to express the time, or cause, or manner. Here, then, we regard the participle in the genitive as the cause of the state indicated by the verb -yiywaKcrt. would therefore translate, " make up your mind to this, (or, come to this conclusion,) because (i.e., for this reason, that) I shall never cease." Instead of this genitive, we should have expected the infinitive with an accusative before it. 26- ravra ovx C/Spts, "is not this insolence itself V^ ue., "is not this the very essence of insolence? " 36. ri PWD^t, &c., " that vxU hioum saying, ' Know thyself.'" The article t6 is joined to yrQ$i-aavr6w, which is regarded as a compound notm. 36. <rvrelp<aw, literally "stringing together;" ... forming into a connected strain. 37. rp^oiydp, &c, "for

Dialogue
all

We

it

would

suit

(admirably),

being

sung

after,

(as

a chorus

to)

your

lamentations."
III. Line 5. rb ift&r, " my case." " My aBur happened very unexpected way. " The indefinite pronoun rlt, when appended to an adjective, increases the force of the adjective ; thus, ft/yas t, "very large;" fuKp6i ru, "very smalL" In some parts of our own ooontry there is a similar use made of the indefinite, as in the phrase, " Aa

Dialogue

in a

148

NOTES.

big as anything," i.e., very big; " As clear as anything," i.e., very clear. rbp dreKvop, rbv irKovcriov, are in apposition to Uroibhijspov, in preceding sentence. rk iroWd, an adverbial phrase, "for the most part," "generally." 11. iir' ifiol, &c., "promising myself that he would die to my advantage, (in my favour;)" i.e., that he would make me his heir. 4i fi'/lKiCTTov, " and when the matter went on for a very long time," ypbyov being understood. 14. iweibav rdx^cTTa, " as soon as," quum prinium. 15. i-meiKws, "tolerably;" i.e., pretty hard. 17. iirw/ioadfiriv, 1 aorist indicative middle of iir6/j.vv/ii. 24. oiiK oI5' 6^(0^ nescio quomodo, " I don't know how." 30. daTeia, &c., "for you have had a comical fate;" literally, " you have suffered amusing things." 32. irpbs t6, &c., "he was in considerable perturbation at the suddenness" (of the thing). 33. awels, 2 aorist participle of (tvpItj/u. 34. ota, an adverbial accusative, " at
8.

what a clever (trick;)" literally, "at what things." olos means properly, " of what kind," but it generally implies good, great, extraordinary, like Latin qttalis. We have expressed this by inserting clever in the translation of the phrase. 35. rpairiffdai, literally, "turn yourself;" t.e., " have recourse to the short cut," b56v being understood. $Ace S.v, " it would have come."

Dialogue IV.
was
called so ("

Line

1.

'fjfj.irepe

ZeO,

"our Jove;"

i.e.,

Pluto,

who

Proserpine was the daughter of Demeter. 4. rlvwv S^rj, "what do you want?" or heg: observe the genitive after a verb of entreating. rls (Sv, &c., " who may you be?" literally, "who do you happen to be?" 6. 6 'I(plK\ou, "the son of Iphiclus." The article is often used thus, vl6s or Ovydr-qp being understood. 8. &<f>edels, 1 aorist passive of d<pl7]fu. irpbs bXlyov, "for a little." 10. Observe iptara in the accusative, after the cognate 11. r^xoi, 2 aorist optative of verb ipSxn (contracted for ipdovcn). 12. toO l/rjv the infinitive f^v, with toO joined to it, is equal to rvyxdvo). yvvaiKbi is also a genitive, and is governed by ipCi, a verb of desiring. governed by ipd. 14. (fX^M^y ^^-^ " J^ "^oent off (at once), sailing away;" i.e., I sailed hastily away. 17. 6<p0eU, 1 aorist passive of o/sdw: " lam

Jove with us ")

in the infernal regions.

come down again, after liaving appeared (on earth) to her, even although {Kdv for Kal ?av) it loere but for a little time." 19. Kal fidXa, " (yes, I drank of it), and (that too) heartily." rb 8i irpay/xa, &c., " but the case was an extraordinary one;" i.e., my love was so strong
willing to
that all the water of
infinitive

with the

" and

y&ii

Lethe could not overpower it." 24. rb ipav, anotlier two words forming the subject to iffrl know what a sore thing it is to be in love." 29. '\'fi^, 2d sinarticle, the
:

40. 656i' is the accusative, motion along or gular future of \ap.dv(i}, throvgJioiii being expressed. 41. c3 dvep, "my husband;" i.e., Pluto. 46. fiinPTjao, 43. KaOiKb/ievop, &c., "striking him with his wand."

imperative of

iiifiPr^iMU.

Line 1. wpoaTrecrdiP, " having attacked ;" literally, upon." 3. 7]fiire\7J, accusative of ijfUTeXfis, " half-complete ;" 8. alriariop, soil, iarl, " I ought to I.e., without its head, or master. blame him." Such verbal adjectives govern the same ease as the verbs from which they come. 16. dSiKa iroiwp, "acting unjustly, Protesilaus, and that too {koI raCra) towards a brother-chip^" [bfi&rexpov); i.e., one of

Dialogue V.

"

fallen

'

NOTES.
the

149
will act

same

trade.

an unfair part."
ipof,

The meaning is, " if jon never let me go, you 18. ^e<p, by the same god, namely, Cupid.

24. roi

28. rpoevi/iSrjffas, &c, and T(j5 HdpiSi, both depend on alriot. "leaped forth before the rest in a fool-hardy and unreflecting manner." '' that it had passive of ^t/tXti^w, 33. iTriKK\Q<r6ai, perfect infinitive been destined for me." alTiq. is contracted for alridei, (uVii 77, 2d singular present middle of aiTidofJuu.

Dialogue VI. Line 1. Xayiffd/ieOa, "suppose we reckon," is not put This is the usual here in the form of a command, but as a suggestion. meaning of the first plural subjunctive when used imperatively, or rather in a suggestively adhortatory manner. 3. wplffdcLi, " to come to a distinct understanding." 6. hruXafiifif, " for you having commissioned me ;" Observe the genitives of price which i.e., according to your commission. follow. SpaxM'^^'i ToXXoO, &c. 9. rCivirivTe, "the five," already named.
is governed by iKdfuffa, from "paid down;" literally, " threw down." 16. dveyyoTtt, "the seams," or "chinks;" the perfect participle of Observe that the verbs dvoiyu, opdca, and oKLffdvoiywfii, or Swolyw. Ko/jiai, take in their past tenses a double augment, both the temporal and

11. ridei,

'

mark down."

12.

d-Kiarpav

former sentence.

13. Kari^aXov,

the syllabic
PrcKnt.

thus

Imperfeet.

iv-oiyti)

iv-4-cfiyov,
i-iiptijv

which would regularly be itx^of.

...
...

opdw
oKUtko/jmi

wpuv.
SiXufv,

dXwcp

aof.)

...

...

or

(Att.) i^Xur.

17. Hxavra refers to all the accusatives going before, and, as they are 18. thvifcb), 2d singular 1 aorist of different genders, it is neuter. middle of iiviofiai, " you have bought tliese cheap ;" literally, " worthy," 19. StAa^ey, 2 aorist of SiaXavBdvu, "has i.e., worth the money. escaped our notice." 22. iviaroL, " it will be in my power." 25. KaOe32. dydir\e(f), nominaoovfiai, future of Kadii'opMi, " I shall sit down." tive plural of ifdirXean. 34. i^uSrjKiis (perfect participle of i^oiS^uj, though intransitive, governs yacripa. in the accusative [accusative of 37. iis ioUoffi, " as they appear ;" i.e., "to all reference OT limitation.]

" (No wonder they try to ensnare one anvery desirable." xep^ Charon, therefore, like per in Latin, increases the force of the adjective by using irdw and irepl both, makes his statement very emphatic. This expression Hermes at once turns against Charon, by using it as a " justification for himself, should he think fit to " demand payment sharply
appearance."
38. rctvu,

&c

other), for these things (namely, riches) are very,

of his "

little bill."

Dialogue VII.

T(fi (for tLvi)

Line

5.

itnjXkdyTf,

2 aorist passive from iydSXdffffw.

11. Karavrdfievos, 2 aorist parti-

Tp6ir(p,

"in what way."

ciple

middle of Kodlirrafuu.

Dialogue VIII. Lirie 1. ^koj, " I have come," and otxofiai, " I have gone," though presents, are translated as perfects their imperfects, therefore, become pluperfects. 2. o^&rarov, " very sharp (ay, sharp enough), even if it were necessary to oat through stones at one stroke." 4. SUXt^
;

150

NOTES.

5. KareveyKdiv, 2 aorist participle of /cora2 aorist imperative of Statp^w. 6. ireipqi, contracted for veipd-rj, 2d singular of ireipdo/iai, " are ^ipw. you testing me whether I am mad or no ?" /j.4fji.7)va, 2d perfect of 21. ^(xda, 2d singular imper18. KaToiffu, from Karatpipu. fMlvofuii.

The syllable -6a was frequently added in the early language 2d singular in Attic it is retained in six verbs oi<j6a (from olSa); "oSeiaOa or ^SyaOa (imperfect of oI5a) ^<rda (el/d, to be) ?<p7](Tda (imperand -xpijcyOa (XPV^-) 23. iXeX-^Oeis (from fect o{ tf)r]/j.l]; ijeiada [etfiL, to go) \av9dvo)) Ix'^^i " yo*^ escaped your own notice, having a camp and not a head;" i.e., " you had, unawares to yourself, a camp, and not a head." When \av9dv(i} and rvyxdvu are joined in syntax with a participle, it is best to translate the jiarticiple as if it were the indicative (or other) mood, and the part of \avOdvu or rvyxdvu) as if an adverb. So here, ^ow, "you had," iXeX-ZiOeis, "unawares." iru/spix^fet, "is dancing the Pyrric dance." The Pyrric was a war-dance, rapid in step, and performed, It was therefore suitto the sound of the flute, by men under arms. 25. t6 fi^irrov, " greatest wonder able to Minerva, goddess of war. of all." 26. iv Ppaxei, "in a short time," so brevi for brevi tempore. 30. t6 ye iir' 4fiol, "as far at least as depends KOfffieT, "sets off." on me."
fect of dixl.

to the

Dialogue IX.
yourselves),

Line

1.

iraiffaa-Oe ipl^ovres,
;

" leave

off quarrelling
{in itself,

with one another, just like

men

for this is

unbecoming

or to

and foreign to the banquet of the gods." 3. iCKkbTpta: words that express or imply a comparison or a difference are followed by a genitive. 5. irpoKaTaKKlvijOai, " should have a more honourable place at table than I." The ancients reclined at table, as is well known. 6. N'i) Ala. observe that -(Esculapius, with comic freedom, swears by Jupiter to his very face. Kal, " and [quite right 1 should take precedence of you), for I " is it?* am your superior." 7. Jj, the interrogative of direct questions " In what respect (are you my superior), you crazy fool? Is it because This Jupiter," &c. 8. & p.y] O^fus, &c., " doing what was unlawful." refers to .Sisculapius being killed by lightning for restoring Glaucus to life again. 10. iiriXiX-rjcrat. ydp, " (you need not talk so boldly), for have you too forgotten your being burned to a cinder (literally, having been burned dotvn) on Mount CEta, that you cast up fire to me?" 12. oCkovv, (accented thus), means " therefore not ;" but in ovkovv, (accented thus), the
:

negative force seenis to vanish, it being equal to " therefore,"or "wherefore." and 6fioia. are neuter plurals, used adverbially. Translate, " Well, llien, [totaheyou on another topic, not whathas befallen us, but what loe have done), life has not been spent with equal benefit (to others) and in a similar way by you, and by me who, in the first place, am the son of Jupiter." Hercules means to say that he has benefited others more than .^sculapius has done, and has been engaged in more honourable and manly occupations. "it has pe^Lutai, perfect passive of /Siiw, used impersonally, been lived;" i.e., " liife has been spent." ij/tt*', "by us;" which is equal to "by you, and by 7;te" this " me," ifiol, being antecedent to Si vhich follows. 13. roffavra, &c., " have performed so many labours." " 14. dvOpdnrovt, &c., of use, perhaps, in applying (some) of your drugs to diseased folk, but a person who has exhibited no manly trait of character." man or woman ; hence HyOpuiroi, like homo, means any human being
laa

KOTES.

151

often nsed as a term of depredation or coiUempt; while dr^p, like nV, implies dignity and hratery, or other merit. 1 6- rtDf ^pftaxt^ is the partitite gen19. inr' ifufxHp, &c, " damaged in your body by itive, meaning some of.

both (calamities) ; by the tnnic, and after that by the fire." Observe thai X'^^'os and xvplK are in the genitive, in apposition to ofupdip. Su^ap(See Sntidi^s Dictionary of lUitn, perfect participle passive of Suupdeipw. 22. Top<pvpiSa depends on irSebvKdn, Biography, fur Life of Hercules.) " clothed in purple ;" i.e., " having put on a purple robe." 29. Uuraa&ai, aorist infinitive, for future. KptLHor is another acataative of reference or limitation^ depending on the passive form, ffvrrpifiiyTa, " being crushed as to your skull ;" i.e., " having had your skull broken." 34. ire is the accusative plural neuter of Sore, but is used adverbially,
It may to introduce the reason or explanation of the foregoing clause. be translated, " forasmuch as." It is used much like Latin qu^pe, with

the relative, jim,

quippe qui.

DuiiOGCE X. Line 1. ydp refers to some prerions conversation supposed to have taken place between Mercury and Maia. 3. Observe the two negatives, /t^ and fir]54p, which in Greek do not destroy, but gtrengtken each other. 4. X^cd is the subjunctive here " the subjunctirt of deliberation," as it is called : " Why may I not say so ?" 5. Suxorw;" " " divide one's " torn asunder we say to i.e., distracted." So liKPOSj self." 9. TifupodpofMVFra, "posting up and down like a courier." The ^/upoSpSfUK, or " day-runners," were men who were trained to run long distances without rest. (See Com. Sepos, in Life of Themistoelea.) 11. o&ox^, i.e., Ganymede. IS. /le/iepor/i^Kir, "divided as lam." 19. rd rian, the sons of Leda, Castor and Pollux. 20. ip ^hou, Le., idfup understood. % rap^ yjplpiv, "day by day;" ue., " on alternate days.' i\. Tovra Kdx6(iu, afikirs here (in Heaven), and aflUrs there (in Hades). 22. The sons of Alcmena and Semele were Hercules and Bacchus. 24. 6, " the son of Maia." 25. Lucian seems here to refer to Europa, who, however, was the daughter of Agenor, and the sister of Cadmus. 27. rexoft^te, perfect of riprw. 28. Danae, daughter of Acrisins, king of ; Argos. 30. inrtiyhpevKo, " I am done out " perfect of arafOfmrii). 31. TerpSurdat. perfect infinitive passive of Tirpdoicu. 33. la raCro, "never mind these things;" or, "let these things pass." TcuTa is an aeaisative of reference or limitation, " as to all things ;" uc, " in all

things."

Dialogue XI.
8 i4>fpoF, "at length."
15.

Line

1. eta,

&c.

experienced at the hand of

my accursed
t6

"what shameful treatment I have guest " 9. ovS4, " by no means."

I

23. tAoi, " in fine," 25. dx" ^kcicov, " from diat time." 28. pera^v, &c, "while being blinded ;" ue., " in the middle of (your) being blinded." 29. ov yip if, &c, " for I well know that he could not have moved," &c. 33. -rapeis, 2 aorist participle of rapiiipt, 36. pavddvu, &c., " I understand, that they (Ulysses and his companions) escaped your notice, going out secretly under them;" {Le.. the ram, and other sheep.) 41. <H.7j6irri, 1 aorist passive, from otopa*. 48. r& TUP rXein^wp, " the interests of those at sea (sailing] are in mj

&c,

i.e.,

Ifprip:

8 i<f>pop. see eipl. Irregular Verbs.

hMpop

keeping."

152
Dialogue XII.

NOTES.

Line 2. rb hetwvov, &c., " tlie banquet in Tlicssaly," and Thetis. 11. XaOovca, " escaping the notice of." Tuv irivbvTuv, and the other genitives, aflford good examples of the so-called genitive absolute being used to express the catise. 21. Observe oiT^y in geni18. dve\6fievos, 2 aorist middle of dvatpiw. 22. &xpt X^V^''* " even to blows." tive after etvai, " to belong to her." 26. 3j 28. What then did the goddesses do t 32. r)v ^ij, ouToj yap.
at the marriage of Pcleus

'

unless."

APPENDIX.
EUPHONY.
TuE
ear,

concurrence of certain consonanta was ver7 offensive to a Greek

and was therefore systematically avoided. The following are the which must be observed in affixing a termination beginning with a consonant to a stem ending in a consonant
principal rules
:

L THE MUTES.
1.

In a concursus of mutes,
or
;

T,

B,

labial.

the second must he a lingual dental^ not followed by a palatal, nor a palatal by a [The preposition Ik, in compound words, forms the only excepi.e.,

a labial

tion to this rule.]

2. Cognate consonants come together; i.e., a light labial or palatal mast precede a light lingual dental, an aspirate must precede an aspirate, and an intermediate, an intermediate thus we cannot say yiypa-<f>-T-cu, but "y&ypa-ir-r-ai (from ypatft-u) ; [so in Latin we do not say scrib-tus, bnl scrip-tus\ ; not irv-ir-O-Tiv, but M-^O-rjy ; not 6k-Soos (Crom d/t-Tw), but
:

57-5oos.
3. Mlien two lingual dentals meet, the former is changed into j thus we cannot say hrel-d-d-rjv, but iirel-ff-d-rjy (from xel0-u) not ipi-5-d-Tjpai, but fpei-ff-9-TJvai (from ipelS-u.) 4. If two successive syllables begin with an aspirate, the first aspirate is changed into its corresponding Light; as, we-^ii-XriKa, not ^-tpl-XriKa
:

i-X'^i

not I'Xw.
II.

THE MUTES AND OTHER CONSOXAN'TS.

t, /3, 0, before /*, are changed into ft ; as, yiypafi-fiai, not yiypa4>-p.at. (from ypd<p-w). 6. The mutes k and x> before /i, are changed into y as, ^^^pey-fun, not pi^pex-ftai (from ^p^-w). Except a few words like dK/iij, dpaxp-v, &c. 7. The mutes t, S, 6, before fi, are changed into j; as, ir^Tr<j--/Mn, not rhreiff-fuii (from ireiOw). Except a few words like araOfids. 8. The mutes v, ^, <f>, before j, combine with i and form \j/ ; as, ti5-^-
5.
;

The mutes

for

Ti-TTff-tj).

9.

The mutes

not X^cr-w.
10.
ffuifiaffi,

k, y, x, before j, combine with s and form |; as, \i-^-u, Except the preposition iK, which remains unchanged. The mutes t, 5, 6 (and the lingual v) are rejected before s as,
;

not

adifia-T-ffi.

xdtrt, not ird-trr-ai.

(See note, p. 31.)

164
1 1.

APPENDIX.
The
letter*',

before

ir, (3,

(f>

(or ^), is

changed into

/t; as, (ru/^-/3d\Xw,

for
for

(TW-^dWo).

v, before k, y, x (or ^> is changed into y; as, iyx^M, iyK4<pa\ov, for iv-K^ipaXov. 13. 'J'he letter ;/, before a liquid, assimilates itself to it ; as, cruX-X^w, for <TW-\4yo}.

12.

The h-x^^

letter

14.
X,
/t,

Consonants are not doubled, excepts-, k, t, y, and the semi-vowels p, s, {it, k, and y very seldom.) 15. See note, p. 28, for another euphonic principle.
V,

THE ACCENTS.*
1.

Tliere are three accent-marks in (a) The acute, as on rin-f}.

(6)
(c)

Greek

The The

grave, as on rivhs.
circumflex, as on a^X'^j.

of the last three syllables of a word ; last two. 3. Every syllable not otherwise accented is considered as having the grave ; but the grave is never written except on the last syllable, and then only when no punctuation mark follows. The grave merely indicates that the acute is not to be admitted, for the time. Thus we write i-vd, To6t, and dypous with an acute on the final syllable ; but this acute is turned into a grave when the words meet in a sentence without any
2.

The acute may stand on any

and the circumflex on either of the

punctuation mark between as, &va roiis dypoiis rwv yeupyQv. 4. The circumflex results from a combination of the acute and tho grave; thus, -iit. when contracted makes t], or rj, or in cursive writing, rj. It can stand only on syllables naturally long, i.e., containing a long vowel or diphthong; as, avXrjS, (pevye. 5. When the last syllable of a word is short, the acute may stand on the antepenult as, dvOponros. N.B. The terminations -ot and -at (except in the optative mood),
;

and the Attic inflexions

G.

-ujs

and

-uv,

are treated as short

syllables; as, dnavdai., iroXirai, dvOpunroi, 7r6Xews, dviiryewv.

the last syllable of a word is long, the acute cannot stand farther back than the penult ; as, dvOpuvov. 7. The circumflex can stand on the penult only when the last syllable IS short (see No. 4.) ; as, fivla [but fivld, nominative dual], yXurra [but
yKdrrTTj^]
8.
.

When

So

p-rp-ep [but fjL-^rjp],

In contractions,
(1.)

If the first

member

of the concursus have the acute, the con;

tracted syllable will have the circumflex

ipiX-oD-piev; ^acnX-fl', paaiX-ei.
(2.)

as,

^iX-^o-yuec,

If the second

member have

the acute, the contracted syllable

;

will likewise

have the acute as, (t>i\-eoi!i-a7js, Except a few words like d,? ; ly^e os, dpyvpovs.

(piX-oi-ffris.

* It is only tlie leading principles of acccntimtion tl'.at are here given. For the theory and more minute details, the advanced student Is referred to "The Laws of Oreek Accentaatioo," by the&ev. U. J. Bryce, LL.D. SVilliams and Norgate: 1859.

APPENDIX.
(3.)

155

If neither of the syllables have the acute, the contracted syllable will not be aflFected; as, fidvT-ee-s, fidm-ei-i ; rifi-aoft.ivri,

Tifi-u-fievTj.

OF THE ACCEXT EN THE INFLEXION OF NOUN& The position of the accent in the nominative singular of a declinable word must be learned by practice, or ascertained from the Lexicon ; but when the tone-syllable of the nominative is once known, the accent of the oblique cases is easily fixed by the following rules 10. The accent remains throughout the oblique cases on the same
9.
:

syllable

on which it stands in the nominative, so long as the quantity of the final syllable permits ; as, ai'^-i}, avK--^ ; /ScurtX-ei^, jSatrtX-^a ; iro/>div-os, irapdiv-ot; Xfifjuliv, XeipLuv-ot; iroifL-qv, iroifiAv-os\ alyeipos, atyeip-

ov,

but aiyelpov.
11. Exceptions.

In

the Third Declension,

genitives and datives of

;

two

syllables take the accent on the inflexion

;

as,

&:Qp, 0-qp-m,

but accusative &T)p-a, nominative plural 0rjp es. So likewise syncopated nouns, as firrrr^p, genitive ftifTp-os and "yvtr/i, genitive (not fiTjTpoi) ; Ovydrrip, genitive Ovyarpds yvvaiKOi, yvifaiKwv, though not syncopated. 12. The inflexions of all genitives and datives, when long, are circumflexed, provided the tone be on the inflexion syllable (see 10); as, CKi-i, ffKi-ds, ffKiq., VKi-oLLV, (TKi-aZs; aer-ov, icT-uv; OTjp-oiv, dTjp-uv; 6e-^, 0-oii. The other cases take the acute; as, aKi-al, crKi-ds; ^c-oi)j; der-6i>. 13. The genitive plural of the First Declension has always a circumflex on the last syllable, because -uv is contracted for -duv ; as, (rKt-wf for
Orip-olf, 0T]p-uv, 6T]p-ffl
;

ffKt-duv.

14.
Ai7T-ot.

Vocatives in

-;

and

-ot

circumflex the last syllable; as ^cwtX-cv,

THE ACCENT OF VERB&

15. 16.

In verbs the accent stands as far back as the quantity of the

;

final

syllable permits
(or

as, TinrTOfiep, Tinrrfrai, TwroiffdTjv,

Those parts of verbs in which there was supposed contraction) follow the rules for contraction iyyeXQ, fut., for d77eX^w fieveiTov, fut., for fievierov brrdufjLev \vOfi (1 aorist passive).
; ;

/SouXewrcu (optative). originally a contraction

(8,
;

above); as,
for

IffTufiifv,

17. Exceptions.

The accent of the

following parts must be specially

noted

ACTIVE.
(1.)

on penult, Xwr-u, 2 aorist infinitive on final, \Lir-t1p. 2 aorist participle on final, XtTr-tii'. Perfect infinitive on penult, \e\vK-iviu.
1 aorist infinitive

and 80

all

infini

tives in -vai\ as, ridevai..

MIDDLE.
1*2.)

2 aorist imperative on final, as Xtx-oO. 2 aorist infinitive on penult, "Kkw-ivOau

(l-'S)

12

156

APPEISDIX.
PASSIVE.
(3.)

Perfect infinitive on penult, \e\v-(r6ai. Perfect participle on penult, XeXv-ii^vos.

on the

All participles of the Third Declension, ending in s, take an acute final syllable ; as, \vOels (1 aorist passive), rideU (present active), iiut the participle of 1 aorist active follows the rule as, jSouXeycras.
18.
;

PROCLITIC&
small words, o6, el, ws, iv, els [is], iK, 6, i], ol, al, throw forward their accent on tlje word following, if connected in syntax ; an,
19.

Some

ENCLITICS.
20. Enclitics are small, unemphatic words, which throw back their accent on the preceding word (if cimnected in meaning), so that the two words form only one, as it were, in pronunciation ; as, k6/>7j tis, vo/ieTi Tives, paaiXeiJS iffrt, So0\6s rit, ^ovv riva. Compare que, ne, &c., in Latin; as, omneinque.

BRIEF SYNOPSIS OF THE SYNTAX OF SIMPLE SENTENCES.

I.

SUBJECT AND PREDICATE.

adjective (whether article, pronoun, participle, or adjective proper) agrees with its own substantive in gender, number, and casi;
1.

Rule.

An

as,

7)

Kbpt] icrrl
1.

koX^

ol iroXiTal elcn

iXevdepoi

rd irpdy/iaTd

icrri /coXd.

Ohs.

Ohs. 2.

an adjective refers to substantives of different genders, it takes the gender of the masculine noun rather than that of the feminine, and of the feminine rather than of the neuter 6 irarTjp Kal Tj /J.rp"rjp dyadoL elcn : ij fi'firrip Kal rb iraiSiov dyadal eicn. When the substantives are names of inanimate objects, the adjective is put in the neuter as, \ldoi re Kal irKlvOoi koI ^liKa iarl -xpijCLfiQ., stones and bricks and beams of timher are use:

When

fvl

[tilings).

THE ARTICLE.
2.

The

article

was originally a demonstrative adjective pronoun, and

hence it is used to point distinctly to an object, to render it prominent, and thus distinguish it from others, and oppose it to others. as, It points to what is known, or supposed to be well known (1 .) 6 2w/c/)(r^x, that well-known person, Socrates; 6 '^vo(t>G)v, Xenophon, who was mentioned lately. (2.) With singulars, it sometimes denotes a class; as, 6 iraty, children
;

generally.
(3.)

It is

used with names of materials, virtues, and generic noons

"h

as, 6 xP^'^^^i
(4.)

dper-fi,

gold, virtue.

It serves as a possessive

pronoun

as,

6 iraTrjp qxjv t<^

vl<^,

tht

faiker

vzith his son.

APPENDIX.
(5.)

157
hy Vie month,

It

has a distributive force month.

6 avyjp
d.yad6s,
ojtJp

as,

toO

fir]v6s,

i.e.,

every

(6)

It distinguishes the subject

the

man

of a sentence from the predicate ; as, But 6 is good; or, iyaObs 6 iirqp.

d7o06s
(7.)

It indicates

would simply mean, the good man. what is customary or deserved; as, ?\a/3e ra va\rd, he
/
ttjj' Siktjv,

received the two spears usually given

the deserved

punishment.
Ohs. 1. The article, with a participle, is equal to a relative clause; In this case it as, 6 vpirruiv iKeivos is irpdrrei, Ac who docs. retains its primary demonstrative power. 2. cases), thus all It is used with the infinitive mood (in Ohs. forming a kind of gerundival substantive; as, rd /cX^rretp,

stealing; toC KXhrTew,

of stealing, of thefL

AGREEMENT.

tyCj

If.B.

A verb agrees with subject number and person; ypdipu the Exception. But a neuter plural subject usually takes the verb animals run. singular rk rpix^h two singular subjects Since two singulars are equal a
8.

KcT.E.

its

in

as,

ffii

ypd(peis
as,

ijfieU ypdipofiev.

in

ftDa

Oie

to

plural,

connected by a co-ordinative conjunction (xoi, &c.) have a verb or adjective in the plural ; 6 reus xal i} Kbp-q ffo^l flai, theboy and
the girl are icise. Exceptiotu But in a series of nominatives the verb often agrees with the subject nearest it; as, (pCkei ae o irarrip koI ^ p^^VP ^"^ oi

d8e\<pol,
brothers.

your father loves you, and

{so

do)

your mother and your

APPOSITION.
4.

Rule.
;

Substantives which stand

KOpos, o ^aaiXfvs,

iu case

as,

in apposition* to one another agree Cyrus, the king ; "LwKpdTJfv, rbv ao<pbv,

0avud^oiJ.ev,

Obs.

The

we admire Socrates the philosopher. same rule applies when the second substantive is used as a predicate; as, 'Kvpos tjv ^offiXevi, Cyrus was king; UpdKin^ iyivero dr]d(I>i', Procne ums changed into a nightingale. This kind of apposition occurs (1) with substantive verbs, (2) passive verbs O" NAMING AND CHOOSING, and (3) VERBS OF GESTURE.
IL

^
U:>

THB CASES

NOMINATTTB AND VOCATITB.

5.

used to express the subject of the sentence, or the shown in Art. 3 and 4 above. 6. The vocative is used in expressions of address, as in Latin; but the nominative often takes the place of the vocative, even in address.
is

The nominative

substantival predicate, as

T-AO sutjstantives are said to

be ia appostiion whea one

is

appended

to the other

explain or limit

it.

158

APPENDIX.
ACCUSATIVE.

accusative case expresses the direct object of the action indicated by a transitive verb. It answers to the questions, whom? what? to wluit 2>lace? during what time? Transitive verbs govern the accusative ; as, 6 vats ftlirrei 8. Rule. <T<pa'ipav, the boy throws the hall ; welOei. rbv Kpiri/jV, he persuades tJie judge. [But many transitive verbs govern tlie gen. or dat.] 9. Any verb, whether it be transitive or intransitive, may govern in the accusative a substantive of kindred signification ; as, tovtov rbv kIv^vvov
7.

The

tV

shall incur this danger ; vixrov voaeiv, to he ill of a disease. verbs in Greek are followed by two accusatives, the one exSuch are verbs of concealing, pressing the person, the other the thing. teaching, ashing, dividing, depriving, clothing, and many others. 11. An accusative is often put a.ite,T passive rcrJs, intransitive verbs, This is called and adjectives, to define them and limit their application.
Kivdvveiicro},

10.

Many

the accusative of reference or limitation

as,

d-Xyeiv roi/s Tr65a$,

to

be

pained in the feet: KaX6s ri ififiara, beautiful in the eyes; i.e., having beautiful eyes : 2wcpdT7;s rb 6vofj.a, Socrates by name. 12. The accusative is used to express duration of time and extent of space; as, iriyre 7]fj,^pas l/u-eive, he remained (foT)f,ve days; dir^ei 5^(co
ffradlovs, it is distant ten stadia.

THE GENITIVE.
Hence of the genitive is source or origin. The point of separation {from, aivayfrom) ; (2.) The cause, matei-ial, or occasion; (3.) The time at which, or j)i<^ce in Hence it signifies, which an action originates or occurs. (1.) The author or possessor ; as, b vibs rov Sfo^toiTOS, Xcnojihoii's son ; T) /xdxaipa rov va&rov, tlie sailor''s cutlass. It thus answers
13.

The primary meaning

to express (1.)

it is

employed

to the questions,

whose? of whom? of what?

;

Obs. 1.

Thus

arises the genitive of material

is

as, v6fuafjf.a dpryipov,

a coin of

silver.

followed by the genitive to Obs. 2. eljj.1, like sum in Latin, denote that something is the part, duty, or characteristic of ; as, dvSpbs iariv dyaOov eO woieiv toi>s (plXovs, it is the part [or duty)
(2.)

The

(3.)

(4.)

of a good man to benefit his fiends. tchole of which anything is a part (partitive genitive) ; as, ffocpwraros irdvrup, the wisest of all ; (rraybves vSaros, drops of water ; irov yijs eariv, where on earth is he ? ovk iyd) ro&rwr elfd, I am not one of these ; Ix^is ri tuv xpvfJ-dTwv, you liave soTne of the money. Hence it is used with verbs which signify to T?w. part affected. as, iirTcrai rov x"'w'os, touch, take hold of share, obtain, &c. he takes hold of the robe ; fierix^iv TifiCov, to share in the honours. The operations of the senses (except sight) as, ^Kovaa. r^y (puvrji, I heard the voice. IJut iJKovffa ravra rov narpbi, I heard this FROM my father. So verbs and verbal adjectives which signify an affection of the mind are followed by a genitive as, tireipoi
; ; ;

r)v irpa.yp.drwv, inexperienced in business ; iiridvuei rfjs dperl)!, he aims at (yearns after) virtue.

APPENDIX.
(5.)

159

(6.)

(7.)

The price or ralue ; as, iyopdl^'fiv tc SpaxMV^i ^ ^5 something /or a drachma ; A^tos ttjs iXevdeplas, tcorthy o//reedom. The crime, or ground of accusation ; as, KaTabiKtly riva <f>69wi, to condemn one on a charge of murder. Abundance or scarceness ; as, vXrj &i]piitn> xXi^pijj, a forest fuU of
irild beasts.

(8.)

(9.)

Separation, or removal from; as, etKCWT^ oSoD, to vnthdraw from the road. Cause or occasion ; as, rhv tralBa rrp a.perrj's SavfiAl^ei b xptri^,
the judge

admires the boy for

[i.e.,

because of) his merit.

Superiority or inferiority ; as, 6 vlbt /jLel^wv iffrl tov xarpSt, the son is taller than his father ; 'A.ffTvdyr]s M^Swv fjp^ev, Astyages ruled over the Mcdes ; 6 vii j fieloiv i<m rod rarpds, the son is less than his father. (11.) Time when, or tcilhiu which, if spoken of indefinUely ; as, rvicr6f, by night j tov lapos, in spring.
(10.)

THE DATIVE.
14.
(1.)

The The

(2.)

dative case denotes, individual (person or thing) to whom anything is given or communicated ; as, aimp elwev 6 Kvptot, the master said to him ; ZiiKe^av dXXiJXotj, they conversed vrith one another. The individual who is benefited or injured in any way ; as, if
PacriXeia vrrjpxe rtf Ki5p<^, tfie queen favoured Cyrus avT<^ iTTirov, he glees him a horse.
;

SiSuai

(3.)

Belief

in,

to the
(4.)

or obedience to ; as, guide.

Ty

yye/iSvi ivurreiitrafiev,

we trusted

The
in

cause

why something
it is

which

(done),

manner or circumstances the instnment by which it is (done), and

is

(done), the

the agent by whom it is (done) ; as, dyaXXovrai r- viK% they are delighted at the victory i.e., because of the victory ; ^q. eli oIkIolv irapiivaL, to enter a house by force ; l^aXov Xldoii, they struck with stones ; iKrelpotrro 'AxuioTs, they were slain by the

Greeks.

[Bat irti with the genitive

is

most osnally employed

in this sense.]

p.) Intercourse with, whether friendly or the opposite; as, toTj iyaOoTs d/jIXei, associate with the good. (6.) Likeness, or equality, or coincidence; as, viQos trov davdrtfi, a calamity equal to death; 6p.oios irarpl, like [om's] father. (7.) Time or place; as, t^ t/jiVt; rip^pq., on the third day; 'Adrjiftus, at Athens.

UL
15.

IXFIXITIVE MOOD.

a kind of verbal substantive, and is used with or without the article to express the object or aim ; as, IKri^u wvdjfftv, I hope to conquer, i.e., I hope-for victory. 16. It often serves as the subject of a verb ; as, ifii ri /tat^eCxif) to kam is pleasant
infinitive
is

The

mood

im

160

APPENDIX,

COMPARATIVE VIEW OF THE THIRD DECLENSION

LATIN AND IN GREEK.
lATDiT.
Class.
I.

IN

GREEK.
Class.

Pure stem in the Nominative.

L Pure

stem in (he Nominative.

Consul.
Consul-is.

Honor.
Ilonor-is.
to stem.
II.

Xet/xuJi'-oj.

6r)p-b%.

" Letter added

r

iMter added
ijpu-s.

to stem.
{i.e., 7i57r-j).

li

o
I
III.

Urb-s. Urb-is.
Ret-e.

Dux (= duc-s)
Due-is.
Ket-is, n.

yif

fipw-0%.
III.

yvir-ds.

o
a a

Vowel inserted

<
Clad-e-s.
Clad-is.

Half a vowel inserted, (i.e., a short vowel lengthened)

iroi/xriv.

Nav-i-8.

Salfiuv.

Nav-is.

iroL/jiiv-os.

Zalfiov-m.

^^
r

IV.
Last
letter

Txist letter

of stem dropped

of stem dropped.

Sfvo(pQp.

aufia, n.
ffibfiar-ot.

Sermo.
Sermon-is.

Lae,

n.

o
H

^evo<pC>t>T-o!.

Lact-is.
a.

ydXa.

ydXaicT-os, n.
8

V. Letter thrown out hrfore

V. Letter thrown out before

t.)

i
-

Aetas.
Aetat-is.

Laus.
Laud-is.

X^/9r;j.

6pvii.

\^prjT-os.

6pvi0-os.

VI. Loit vowel of stem cTianged.

VI. Last vowel of stem changed

/xdvTi-i.

Nomen,

n.

Caput, n.
Capit-is.

Nomin-is.

fjidm-e-us.

yXvKd-s. y\vKi-os.

l<
VII. Last consonant of stem changed.

VII.

La.it

cons, of stem vocalized in some cases and omitted in other t.

.

Flos.

Arbos, or Arbor.

/3o0-s (j3o-y-s)
/3o-6j.

/3ao-iXei5-$.

Flor-is. Arbor-is.

SaciKi-iiK.

K0UN8 WITH PECULIARITIES OF MORE THAN ONE CLASS.

Clauis.
Btbu.

Gek.

nouns with pkcitliaritibs of hobb than one class. Ow>. 8nm. CLAMra.
(1.) II.

& (2.) IV. & (8.) V. A

(1.) II.

VI. Judex (judic-), Judic-is. VI.

AIILaWci-s
oAtiinif

{alto-),
(aA(t)jric-),

tuZooi.

Homo

(homin-), homin-is.
(mllit-),
milit-is.

aXunrtK-Oi

VI. Miles

(2.)IIlitrV. XeMC
(CTt9

(Aeoi^-),
(icTev-),

Xiom-o^.
jcTei'-o*.

(1;

VI.&VIL Corpus (corpor-), corpor-ta.

o{ov(

(fiioVT-),

68<iiT-ot.

APPENDDL

161

CONTRACTED YERBS
Voices and Moods.

-aco, -ew,

AND

-oall

Certain Pure Verbs suffer contraction in the Pres. and Imperf. of

The

other tenses have no concursus, and are declined

like the corresponding parts of Xi/w.

The verbs

rifidu,

I 'honour ; roUm,
the peculiarities

I make; and maObu, I

let

out for hire^ will exhibit

all

of the contracted inflexions.

ACTIVE VOICE.
Pres.
-

Ti/i-du, I honour.

(piX-iu, I love.

fuff6-6w, I let out for

hire.

S.

-du
-dctj
-dft

-w
-9
-?

-i<a

Q>
-eti
-et

-6
6ts

-w
-0*1
-0*

itu
-iet

> 5

-6fi

r
t^

D. -derov
derov

-Stop
-aroi'

-ierop -itrop
-iofjiep

-eiToi'

6tT0P

-OVTOP

-eiTOP

-derop
-bofiev

-OVTOP
-ovfiCP

P. -do/iep dere
-dovffi

-Q/iep

-OVfUP
-eire
-OV<Tl

-are
-Qffi

-iere
-iovffi.

-Sere
-Sovffi

-oSre
-oOffi

H >

r S. -dw dTjs

-Q
-ps

-4o}

-Q
-Vt

-6(a

-w
-oti

-ivt

-ijs
-6ti

-dv

-?
-Stoi'

-h
-hfrOP -hp-op
-iwfJXP
-irp-e

-V
-rJTOP -TfTOP
-Q/jLev

-h

D.

-drp-op -drjTOV

-6rjT0V
-orp-op
-6<i}iJieP

-WTOP

S.TOP

Snop
-Qfiep
-urre
-d'ffi

5
L
'

P. -duficp
-drp-e

-wfiev

-are
Giffi

-dwct
S. -doifu

-iwai
-^Ol/JU

'T^
-wri

-6-ijTe

-buxn
-6oifu
-6ois -6oi

-<ffU

-WfU
-oTy
-ail

-dtfu
-oty

-dots

> 5 J D. -do(TOP -aoirrjp g ] P. -doi/xev ^

-ioire

-dot

-VS -V -i^OP
-(fTTTIP

-^ots

-^01

-6i

-40LT0P
-oItijp

-oilTOP

-boiTov
-ooiTTjp

-oTtop

-oLrrjP
-cii/ia>

-olnjp
-oifjuep

4na>
-(fire
-(fitp

-iotfup -4oiT

-oTre
-diV 1

-boifup -6oiTe
-boiev

-oire
-oiep

-doifj'

-4ouv
-e

rs. -6

-a

-oe

-ov
-WJTU)

>
S4 04

-^w
D. -derov -airwv
P. -rffre
^

-dru
-arop

-e^w
-ierop

-drw
-eiTOP

-O&U
-berop

-OVTOP
-o&riap
-oirre

-drup

-c^wv
'iere

-elruv
-ire

-oirup

-ore -ah-uffof -druHTOM

Sere

-eiruffap -elruffap
-ieiv
-etv

-oirwaav -ovtuhjo.p
-6(ip

iBFiir.

.(Uv

-Oi-

-ovv

162

APPENDIX.

ACTIVE YOlCE-corUinued.
H 5 ^ Pres. ri;a-<w. M. -dcjc -OJV
<

ipCk-iw.

filffd-OU).

-iwv
-iovcxa

-uv
-ovffa

-btav

F. -dovaa

-wera
-OJJ/

-bovffa

-wv -ovaa
-ovv

N.

-doj'

-iov

-ovv
i<pl\-eov.

-6ov

ImperfS. -aov

irlfi-aov.

iiuffdoov.
-GOV
-oes

-wv

-eop
-ees -ee

-ovv

-ovv
-ovs

-aes
P-

as
-a

-y
-et

-ae

-oe

-ov

D. -d eroj' airrjp P. -dofiev

t-t

-atov
-drriv

-lerov

-eirov
-elrriv

-berov
-oirrjv
-6ofi.ev

-oOtov
-ourrjv
-ovfiev

-einjv
-^ofJLCV

-wfiev

-oC/xev

-dere -aov

-are
-oiv

^ere
-COP

-eire

-dere
-001'

-ovv

-oDre -ovv

PASSIVE AND MIDDLE VOICES.

Pres.rt/t- dofiai.
'

<pi\-^ofiai.

fj.iffd-6ofJ.ai.

S. -rfo/uot
-dT,

-Qfiai
-9
-fir at

-ioflUL
-ir]

-ovfiai

-oofiai

-ovfjxii

-p or -et
-eirot
-etffOov et(j6ov
-o6fi.e0a

w >

-derai

-^erai

-dy -Serai
-oofieOov
-oeffOov

-01

-ovrai
-ovfieOov
-ovffdov -ovffdov

D. -aofiedav
-deadov -deaOov

-dfjLedov

-eofieOov -oifxeOov

-aaOov -daOov
-difieda

-ieadov -hffOov
-e6fie6a
-ieffOe
-iovrai.

-6eadov
-oofieOa
-oeffde

P. -ao/xeda

-oifieda
-ovffde

deffde -dovrai
'

-affOe
-uiin-ai

-eiade
-ovvrai.

-oovrai
-oufxai

-ovvrai
->fJMi

S. -dufiai

-wfxai

-iufj.a.1.

-wfiai

-dv
-drp-ai

-?
-firat
-difiedov

-iv
-iyfrat

-V
-rjTai.

-oy
-oTjTai

-01

-Qrai
-Qffdov -Qffdov
-ibfieda
-Giffde

D. -ad}fieOov
-drjcdov
-drjffdov

-eib/jLeOov -dbfxeOov

-oibfieOov -difiedov
-orfffOov

-aaOov -aaOov
-d}fj,6a

-irjadov

-ijffdov -ijffdov

-irjaOov
-edifj-eOa

-o-qffdov
-oilififda

P. -awfjieOa
QQ

-wpieda
-ijade

-drjcrde

-dwvTai
'

-aade -Qvrai
-(ffJ.7]V

-^rjade

-brjffde

-iwvrai
-eoi/xriv

-Qvrai
-olfiTjv

-ouvrai
ooifj.r]v

-Civrai
-olfiTfv

S. -aoi/XTjv

-doio

-1^0

-ioiO

-010

-0010

-oto

-doLTO
C3

-1^0
-(jt/ieOov

-4otT0

-oIto

-ooLTO
-ooiffOov
-oolffd-qv

-oIto

>

D.

-aoifjLeOov

-eol/xeOov -ol/ieOov

-ooifxeOov -oifxedov

^
g c

-doiffSov

-i^ffOov

-ioiaOov
-eolffOrjv
-foi/jLeda

-otaOov
-olo6r]v
-olfieda

-oTaOov
-oiffOrjv

-aolaBrjV

-{^cOr)v
-<^/jL0a

P. -aoLfxeOa -doLaOe -doiVTO

-oolfxeda
-6oiff0e

-olfieOa
-oTffde

-i^crOe

-ioiijOe

-IpVTO

-ioiVTC

-olaOe -OIVTO

-6otvTo

-otvTO

APrE>'DIX.

163

PASSIVE AND MIDDLE YOICES-contimted.

Pres.
Tifx-dofji.ai. <p(.\-^ofjLai.

IJuad-60/jiai.

^
> <
in

'

S. -dov

-Q
-dxrOw

-iov
-ia9(j}

-oD
-eiff-du

-60V
-oiffOu)

-OV
-oiffGu)

-aicOu
<

D. -decBov
-aiffduiv

-dadov
-dffOwp

-ieffdov
-ei<rd(jjv

-eiffdov

-oeadov

-OVO0OV
-o'uaduv

-elcBojv

-oiaOwv
-oeade
-

P. -deaOe

-dude

-ieade

-elaOe

-ova6e

-aiadtjiaai -da6ui(Tav

-t^aducav eiadoxrav
-ieffdai
-e6/xVos
-eofxivT)

o4(jd(ii<Tav-dv(Tdw<T(w

INFIK.

-deadai

-affOai
dofievos

-etadai
-oitievoi

-oeaOai
-oofxevos
-OO/JL^m]

-ovffdai
-o6fivoi
-OVfldvT)

M. -aofievoi
N. -aofievov

-ovfi&T]
-ovfievov

<

-di/ievop

-tofievop

-06/j.evov

-oificvov

Imperf.
f

irifi- aofirjv.
-djfJLT]V

i<f>i\-6fir]P,
-eO/JLTjV

ifU(rd-o6fii}p.
-o6fjir]p

-aofiijv

-OVflTIV

-oi/jLTfr

s'

-dov -aero
-aofieOoP

-ioV

-OV
-eiro

-bov

-OV

-aro
-tb/jLedop

iero
-fofJ-eOop

-oero

-ovrn

-oififOov

-oofieOov -oOfitOov

deadov

-dffdov
-dffd-rjv

-ieixdov
-ei(jdr)v

-eicOov
-eUrOriv

-oeadov
-o^adrjv

-omdop
-ovcdrjp -o6fieda

H z

-aiaBTjv

-aofieOa
-decrde

d'/ieSa

-eofieda
-ieffOe

-ovfieda
-eTffde

o6neda
-offfde

-affde

-aovTO

WVTO

iorro

-ovvto

-60VTO

-ovcde -OVVTO

LISTS OF

WORDS USED

IN

EACH EXERCISE.

I.

Sea-TT&r-ris,

ov,

m., a master, lord,

ifKvp-a, /., an anchor. d5cX<^-iJ, y., a sister. ayX-7}, /., a court, hall, palace. ^affiXei-a, /., a queen. de^L-d, /., a right hand., 6e-d, /., a goddess. 6r)K-7], /., a chest, box dip-a,/., a door. k6/)-7;, /., a girl, maiden, daughter. Xat-c, /., a left hand. fidx-Vi /! a battle. fivl-a, f. a fly. Viificfi-Ti, f., a nymph; maiden. irapei-d, f., a cheek. iriip-a, /., a bag, wallet, purse. vp(^p-a, /., a prow, fore part of a
,

owner [dominus).
56^a,
p.d^-a.,
?;s,

/., glory.

\iaLV-a,

7]i,

f.

a lioness.
the Muse.

97s,

/., a cake.

"HLova-a., fis,/.,

va^-rjs, ov,

to.,

sailor.

a Persian. I14pff-7]s, ov, TO., Perses. iroirjT-i^s, ov, to., a poet. roXrT-ijy, ou, to., a citizen. 2K6d-7]9, ov, TO., a Scythian. rpdwe^-a, rjs, f. a table.
llipa--r]s, ov, TO.,
,

(3,

an

interjection,

0,

joined

to

vocatives.

ship.
tthX-t}, /.,

in.
a gate.
the moon. a tent, a hut, a cottage. a shadow, a shade.
Kin-r),
T?s,

SUBSTANTIVES.
dplyr-t)%, ov, to.,

aeX-qv-t], /.,
<XKi]v--q,

a ploughman.

/.,
,

/., hair.

ffKL-d, f.

pIk-7), t]S, /.,

victory.

arpari-di /., an army.

<T(poup-a, /.,
cr(pei'd6i'-7j,

v4d-ri,

ijy,

/.,

fetter.

ball.

/.,

a sling.
dyt-a, holy.
Sacrei-a,

ADJEOnyES.
shaggy, bushy, dense.

a wood, a forest. Xl^-'h) f-1 ^ hoof, a claw, a talon.

iiX-rj,/.,
ip.-'f),

eipei-a, broad, wide.

ip,

fem. of adj., means my. prep, governing dat., means in,

Kok-^, beautiful.
Kv-T^,

empty.

at,
ffiv,

amongf
prep,
r6,

on,
dat.,

KXew-i}, famous, celebrated, glorious.

governing
the.

means
Article,

Xet-a,

smooth

(to

the touch}, level.

along with,
6,
7),

(See

the

fiaKpd, long, large. lUKp-d, small, littla

fi(j)p-6s, TO. (see

Second Declension.)

Decl.II.) foolish, silly.

vi-a,

new,

fresh,

recent

n.
6,Ka,vO-a, r)t,/.,

yXwTT-a,

1JS,

/.,

a thorn. a tongue.

yellow, golden, fair, anbum ^rfp-d, dry, parched, withered. i^ei-a, sharp, keen, quick.
^avd--fi,

LISTS OF WORDS.
iroW--^,
fft/xp--q,

165

much,

(in pi.

manj.)

va-6s, ov, TO., a temple.

63-6y, ov, f., a way, road. oiKL-a, as, f., a house.
oXk-os, ov, to.,
ov-os, ov,

venerable, revered. (TKX-rjfhd, dry, rough, stiff, harsh, ffo^i}, wise, prudent. Tpaxet-a, rough.

a house.
/.,

m. or

^avep-i, plain, clear, bright.

C^xp-i, pale,

6<t>daKn-6s, ov, TO.,

<t)i)Kk-ov, ov, n.,

an ass. an eye.

wan.
he, she, or
are.
it is.

a leaf.

XcUt-t],
iffrl, 3<? sing.,

ijs,

/.,

a mane.

eM, 3d pi., they

iffrdy,

ADtTECnVES.

3d

dual, they

two

are.

IV. SUBSTASTITES.
dT-6i, ov, m., an eagle.

y\avK-6s, i}, 6f, grey, blue. y\vK-vs, y\vKeT-a, y\vK-ii,

pleasant.
Sacr-ijs,

sweet,

SdKTv\-of, ov, m., a finger. SeiTTV-ov, ov, n., a dinner, a supper. 5oOX-os, ov, m., a slave, a servant. Swfhov, ov, n., a gift. 6e-6s. ov, m., a god, deity. iTrir-oj, ov, tn. or/., a horse. KTJv-os, ov, m., a garden.
fj.riK-ov, ov,

thick Sa(Tei-a, Soff-i, shaggy, bushy; rough, dense. ilS-&s, rjSei-a, rjS-6, sweet, pleasant
lep-6s, d, 6v, sacred,

holy.

Kv-6s,

-q,

6v,

Xet-oj, a, OP,

empty. smooth.
6v, soft.

fuiKp-Ss,

(,

6r, long, large.

fj.a\aK-6s,
trfiiri-os,

-fj,

n.,

an apple.
a ship, boat

a, ov, foolish,

^vp-6v, ov, n., a razor.

n-Xo'c-ov, ov, n.,
<f>>jXX-ov, ov, n.,

f J7p-6s, d, 6v,
iriffT-ds,
71, ii,

ignorant, dry, parched, withered.

6v, faithful. 6v,

leaf,

atfiM-bt,

venerable, revered.

tthiy, ov, n.,

an egg.
dvd, up, along, accus., gen., dat. dvev, without, gen.
dirb,
Xcuc-6i', n.,

ADJECnVBB.
*coX-6y,
TO.
;

AcaX-'^,

/.

KoX-i',

n.,

beautifuL
\evK-6s, m.; Xevx-i}, /.; white.
fiiKp-6s, d, 6r, small.

Std,
CIS,

away from, gen. through, accus., gen,

into, accus.

K, out of, gen.

IveKa,

on account

of,

because

of, gen.

V. SUBSTANTTVEa.
Ayp-6s, ov, m., a field, land.
d-yvi-d, as, /.,

Kai, and.
*caT(f,

down, accus. and gen,

(See

p. 34.)

a street, road, way.

d5e\<p-6s, ov, m., a brother.

VI.
StJBSTANTIVES.
ak-dis,
tfi,

'A^^v-ai, Qv, f. pi., Athens. atytip-os, ov, /., a poplar-tree.

&v0p(irjr-os, ov,

/., a thrashing-floor.

m. \homo), man, man-

avdr/e-uv,
ber.
KdX-(i3s,

w, n.,
TO.,

an upper cham-

kind

a man.

|3a>^-6s, ov, TO.,

an

altar.

(>,

a cable, a rope.
tail,

yewpry-ds, ov, m., a farmer, husband-

KipK-os, ov, f., a

*ce<^X-i;,
Tfl,
<t>,

hare's scut.

man.
yvdO-os, ov, /., a jaw, cheek. Sd(pi^r], rjs, f., a bay-tree, laurel.
larp-hs, ov, m., physician, doctor.
tdipi-oi, ov, TO.,

f.,

Xay-ihs,

TO.,

a head, source. a hare.

Xe-uij, &, TO.,

e-(ii, (6, TO.,

master.

iJxrxrOi, ov, m., a calf.

a people. a temple. ovp-d, as, /., a tail. Ta-tDy, w, TO., a peacock.

166
ADJECTIVES.
/3pax-i5j,

LISTS OF

WORDS.
(TOiffds,
-ti,

6v, wise,

prudent.

a,

i5,

short, little.

rpax-'vs, eta, i, rough, rugged.

\a/xirp-6s, d, 6v, bright, brilliant.

iraXai-6s, d, 6v, old, ancient.

wK-iJS, eXa, 6, swift, fleet, rapid.

VEEB3.
I eat. Kelp-w, I crop, cut, shave, shear. rpuy-w, I eat, nibble.
iffdl-w,

vn.
BUBSTANTITES. EXXt/v, tn., a Greek. 6i^p, m., a wild beast.
\eifjuiiv,
fi-qv,

IX. SUBSTANTIVES.
dT)S(ip, irjd6v-os, /.,

m., a meadow. m., a month.

/.,

a nightingale.
(Miiierva).

'Adrjv-d, as, /.,

Athena
a

X^v, m. or

a gander or goose.

d\d)7rr]^, dXdnreK-os, /., dvrip, dvSp-6s, to.,

a fox.
{vir).

man

VERBS.
5tti/c-w,

I hunt, pursue, chase,

I leave.

^-w,

I have.

the neck. yeirdip, -yurhv-os, to. or/., a neighbour.

avxv", avx^v-os,

to.,

\elir-<j},

iTTiffToX-'^, rjs,/.,

letter, epistle.

kIwv, kIov-os, to., a pillar.

VIII. SUBSTANTIVES.
&f>T-os, ov, m.,
yij'ip,

k{iu)v,

kvv-6s, to. or/.,

Xifiiv-os,
TO.,

XtyLt^v,

a dog. a harbour,

yvTr-6%, m.,
6 J,
TO.,

S/iti-s,

^pci)-s, OS, TO.,

bread; a loaf. a vulture. a domestic servant. a hero, warrior, demi/., the sea.

port.
fi-qT7]p, fjLrp-p-6s, /.,

a mother.

ots, ol-6s, TO.

or /., a sheep.

irariip, irarp-bs, to.,

a father.
a shepherd.

god.

voifirji', TToifiiv-os, TO.,

r]s,

6d\aTT-a,
6il3-s,

f)d^d-os, ov, /., a rod,

Tpirip-7)s, Tpi-f)pe-os, /.,

wand.
a trireme.

6s,

m., a jackal.

IX^O-s, OS, TO., a fish.

KX^TTT-rjs, ov, TO.,
/cXcii/',

ipi\-os, ov, TO.,

(puv-ri, rjs,/.,

a friend.

a
to.,

thief.

K\ij}Tr-6s, TO.,

a thief.

XeXi5(i)v, xfXtSoj'-os, /.,

K6pa^, K6paK-os,
fidxai-p-a, as,/.,
fiVKTrjp, OS, TO.,

a raven, crow.

Xi', X''OP-os,

a voice, sound. a swallow. /., snow.

a cutlass, sword.

a nostril.
TToXXol,

ADJECTIVES.
dX7)6--^s, ^s, is,

Ixvp/jLTj^, fjLjjp/xTjK-os, TO.,

an ant. fivs, /JLv-ds, TO., a mouse. irripv^, irripvy-os, /., a wing.

ffKvXa^,
au-s,
(TKtj\aK-os,

(see p. 47,) true. (see p. 46),

nam. ^L,

many.

m.

or y.,

a
Oavfid^-ti}, I

VERBS.
ypd<f>-w, I write.

young dog or whelp, a puppy.

(TV-OS,
TO.

or /., a pig, swine,

admire, wonder

at.

boar.
(p\^^, 0Xe/3-6s,
pd'p, OS, TO.,

veld-ia, I persuade.

/, a vein

piiTT-u, I throw, hurl.

thief.

ADJECTIVES.
&ypi-os, a, OP, fierce, savage.
ifj.-6s,
i),

X. SUBSTANTIVES.
AyaXfia, ros, n., an image, statue. dpfia, Tos, n., a chariot, car.
6.px<^v,

ov,
i},

my

}iavd-6s,

or mine. 6v, yellow,

golden
stiff;

aubuni,
VK\t}p-6s,

fair.

&PX0VT-0S, raander.
TOS,
n.,

TO.,

a ruler, com
;

A,

6v,

dry; rough;

/3^/ia,

a step

judgment-

harsh.

seat-

LISTS OF
yd\a,* yd\aKT-os,
yip<jxv,

WORDS.
rli, ris, tI,

167
interrog. pron.,

n.,

milk.

who?
one,

yipovT-oi, m., an old man.

which
Tts,
Ti'j,

what

y^t T^J> /> the earth ; a country; a land. KvfjLCL, Tos, n., a swell of the sea,

t/,

indef. pron.,
certain.

some

any one, a
Tpl^wv,
OS,

TO.,

a (coarse or thread

wave.
X^ciw, X^otT-os, m.,
/ttAi, fifKiT-os, n.,

bare) cloak.

a lion. honey.

xXa/iH/i, xXap.iS-os,/.,

a mantle.

fiiKiTT-a,

T/s,

/.,

a bee.

VERBS.
paif-u, I go. ^;', he was, or I was.
^ffcw,

Sfvo(l>u>p, m.,

Xenophon.

Tora/*

m., a river. awfia, ros, n., a body, a corpse. inrrip^T-ris, ov, m., a servant, attend6j, ov,

they were.
I say.

X^-w,

ant.

ADJECTIVES.
6pdi-os, a, ov, steep.

v\4k-w, I {)lait, twine. rX^-w, I sail.

In
Tf^TTT-w, I strike, hit.

ro\-is, iro\X-i), vo\-v, much. pi. many. (See p. 46.)

ADJECTIVES.
fU\ai, {gen. /tA(u-o$), fiiXaiva, fiiXav, black. (Se rds, tSLjo, rap, all, every. xas, p. 45.)
irapd, prep., beside.
T(H>, interror/. adv.,

VERBS.
/9\^7r-, I see
;

I look upon.

neXeij-w,

bid,

order,

command,

desire.

XI. SUBSTANTIVES.
&va^, SivaKT-os, m., a prince, king. 6.VTp-ov, ov, n., a cave.
dffiris, dffirid-os, /., a shield. yiyai, ylyavr-os, m., a giant 56/Li-oy, ou, m., a building, a house.

(See p. 34.)

TC, conj., and.

t^

Kcd, both aci

where

XII.
.SL'IBTAXTIVES.
aTfia, oXfiaT-os, n., blood-

KXeis, AcXei5-6j, /., a key. Kopvs, Kopvd-os, /., a helmet.

Kp'T-T)^, ov, m.,

iar-v, eos, n., a city.

5wa/i-is, ewj, /., power, force.
Kopv<b--ii, rti, /.,

a judge.
m.,

a top, summit.

Xafiirds, \a/JLird5-0i, f., a torch.

X^^Tjj,
Xi^-ijT-os,

Ko'xXl-a.s, ov,
fj.dtn--K,

caldron;

nu, a snail. ews, to., a prophet, seer.

ewer.
65o(5j,

flip-OS, eos, n.,

^l<p-os, eos, n.,

a part, share.

oSovT-oi, m., a tooth.

a sword.

oXjcds,

den
6pvis,

a ship of bura mercliant-man. 6pvid-os, TO. or /., a bird,

6Xa:(5-oj, /.,

fowl, hen.

m. a roof. a mountain. 60-is, ews, TO., a serpent, snake. 8xX-os, ov, TO., a crowd ; the popu5po<p-os, ov,

6p-os, eos, n.,

Tah,

TTtttSoj,

m.

or /., a child;

lace.

boy; girl. TapdSew-oj,

viKeK-vs, eus,
ov,
to.,

to.,

an axe, hatchet.

a park;

plea-

iroX-tj,

eiits.

/.,

city, state.

sure-grounds. ^f, {nv-oi, /., a nostril. nose.

TToryaw, irilrytap-os, to., a beard.

In pL the

ffo<puTT--fis,

ov,

TO.,

a learned man,

teacher, sophist.

As every genuine Greek word ends either in a vowel or in v, p, which the stem of tixia word terminates must be left off, and so -yaAoucT
ycUa.

s,

is

tlie kt in reduced to

168
(yrT)9-os, eos,
re.,

LISTS OF WORDS.
the breast, chest.
(SA-os, eos, n., a javelin, dart, weopoa veavl-as, ov, m., a young man.
liirX-ov, ov, n.,

recx-os, COS, n., a wall.

vios, oO, m., a son.

weapon;
an infant.

2Ji-

arniii.

iraidi-ov, ov, n.,

ADJECTIVES.
/Sa/o-i^j,

TreSl-ov, ov, n.,

a plain.

eta, V, lieavy.
ii, 7],

Tref-ot, u)v, VI., infantry.

Seiv-6i,
5rjK-os,

bv, dreadful,
ov,

mighty.

rd^-is, ews, /., line (of troops).

Xeiy^'-os, eos,
re.,

evident, plain, vi>iblu.

6^-vs, eTa, i, sharp, swift.

Xopr-os,

ov,

a lip. m., an

enclosure,

garden.

ADJECTIVES.
SiSdcTK-w, I teach.
?/)7r-w,
p^ci),
I

KaK-6s,
less.

)},

6v,

bad, wicked, worththat.

creep.
Ss,

(See p. 50.)

flow.

}},

5,

who, which,
f],

tpe'jy-u, I flee,

run away.

iroirqpos, a, 6v,
vxffTjX-os,

wicked.
high.

ov, lofty,

XIII. SUBSTANTIVES.
/SacrtX-eiJs, ^ws,

Xpw-eos,

ea, eoc, golden. uxp-6s, d, ov, pale, wan.

m., a king. or/., an ox or cow. y(pvp-a, ay, /., a bridge. yoi>-evs, ^wy, in. ory., a parent.
/3o0s,

^0

OS, VI.

VERIJS.
eiipicTK-oj,

I find.
I

Kara^aiv-w,

descend.

ypavs, ypaos,/., an old

?i9-oy,

woman.

5opK-ds, ddos,/., a gazelle.

XV.
SUBSTANTIVES,
dpKT-os, OV, m. or/., a bear. yipav-os, ov, m., a crane.
yvv-q, gen. yvvaiK-os,
'Iv5-6s, ov, m.,

custom. OuyaTTjp, dvyarp-os, /., a daughter.

eos, w., habit,

lepevi,

^ojs,

m., a priest.

'nrir-evs, ews, ?.,

a horseman,

/jj^j?.

cavalry.
K^pas, Kipar-os, n., a horn. Kovp-vs, iijjs, m., a barber.

KCp-os, ov,
Kihp.-r],

/ a woinan, wife. an Indian. m., Cyrus.

a village. wine.
VI.,

57s,/.,

a ship. vofx-evs, iois, m., a shepherd. (TTparrjy-os, ov, m., a general, coipcaOs,
i'e(i>s,

/.,

olv-os, ov, VI.,

opTV^, 5pTvy-os,
ffToX-Ti,
?}$,

a quail.

/.,

a robe.

maiider.

virv-os, ov, m., sleep.

arpaTuir

ris,

ov,

m.

a soldier.

(t>rifi-7],

TjS,

/., a

rumour, report.

ADJECTIVES, ETft
e{rp-6s, eta, i), broad, wide. Hiy-as, fuyaX-rj, fiiy-a, great; p. 46.
tI,

ADJECTIVES.
dfMd--qs,
ijs,

h, unlearned, ignorant.

why.
VERIiS.

^ad-ius, ela, 6, deep.

/SaS/f-w, I stalk,

walk

in a stately

SetXos, 1}, iv, cowardly; wretched, miserable. 6ap(T-tJS, eto, i5, bold, courageous.
Kov<p-os,
7),

manner.
<f)v\d.TT-w (or -(Tffw), I guard,

ov, light.

XdX-os,
TTorep
pq.5i.-os,

OS, ov,

talkative.

^^-w, I run.

OS, a, ov,

whether of the twa

XIV.
SUItSTA NTIVE3.
f\<r-os,

a, ov, easy.
i),

arevos,

ov,

narrow.
suflTering;

eos,

?i.,

a grove.
a flower. a depth, a glen.

tXtj/x-uv, wv, ov, patient;

6,vd-os, eos, n.,

wretched.
Xapl-eis, ecraa, ev, beautiful, gracefuL

adO-os, eos,

n.,

LISTS OF WOfiDS.
Tp<x(y-bs, ov, /.,

169
a nurse.

^p-u,

I carry.

^p6vri<T-is,

eus,/; wisdom, prudenoe

under, by.

iel {adv.}, always.

PREPOSITIONS.
through, gen. (sometimes rpos, towards (with accus.) Vocabulary.
Sid,
acctis.)

vir6, prep.,

VERBS.
dKo6-u, I hear.
^affiXed-u,
rule.
/3ouXei5-w,

See

I act sue I

king,

reiga,

XVI.
SUBSTAXTITES.
ypdfifia, ypdfifjLar-os, n., a letter.

consult, take counsel,

deliberate, advise.

a year. rinip-a, as, /., a day. \id-os, ov, m., a stone. \6ry-os, ov, m., a word; speech; reason. fiadrjT-^s, ov, m., a disciple. ftv0-os, ov, m., a word.
tr-os, COS,
rj.,

id^-u,

I wish.

^yjri-o), I

seek.

dripeihW, I

hunt

ImreihU, I ride. KoXi-w, I call, call on, invoke.

\\j-tx),

loose,

unyoke,

let go,

set

rpia^-vt,
;

uos,

or ewj, m., an old

m., a wreath, crown.
!

free.

man an ambassador.
<ni<f>aj'-os, ov,

d-rrd'Ui, I

roast
sell,

iruTTev-ia, I believe.

X^ip,

X^ 'P""J>

the hand.

7rw\4-u, I

barter.

Xpvff-6s, ov, m., gold.

ADJECTIVES.
dya$-6s,
Ktxxf>-6s,
/),

XV 111.
Same
as preceding.

ov,
i),

'EXXijyix-os,

good. (See p. 50.) ov, Greek.

%
77,

6v, deaf.

XIX.
SUBSTANTIVES.
^i^Xiov,
OV, n.,

0iXt-os, a, ov, friendly.

^X-os,

01",

friendly, beloved.

a book.

yiv-os, fos, n., race, origin, family.

VERBS.

Kpu-os, COS, n., cold.

Mkv-w,
xifj.ir-ui,

I bite.
I

KpiiTT-fi),

conceal. send.

VERBS.
KTvl^-w, I
I

comb.

tX^'/c-w, I plait, twine.

irriyw-fu, F. Tijfw, I fasten, stiffen.

rp4<t>-(o,

riTpuaK-o}, I

wound.

nourish, support.

rpL^-u, I rub.

xvn.
SUBSTANTIVES.
SSvcL^, 56vaK-os, m.,

XX.
SUBSTANTIVES.
drip, dip-<K,

Ao0-oy,

ov, OT.

a reed. or/., a deer. a groom.

m., the air.

Odvar-os, ov, m., death.

l5nroAc6/x-oy, oy, m.,

^aKTTjpl-a, as,/., a stick, cudgel. XvK-os, OV, TO., a wolf.

KpiO-Ti,

fj's,

/., barley.

To\ifu-os, ov,

TO.,

an enemy.

Ki/pi-os, ov, TO., the

Kv^pvTfr-Tii, ov,

TO.,

Lord. a pilot, steers;

ir6Xe/x-oj, ov, to.,

man.
IT/|,

war. vdup, ibdar-os, tu, water. <pv\aK-ri, Tjs, /., guard, prison.
for /itrd, prep.,
ov, adj..

wKT-6t, /., night

Wicr^j,

by

fj.ed'

among, witli

nif^ht.

raiSi-ov, ov, n., a child, infant.

ffoipla,
av, /.,

5X-0S,

yj,

whole, entire.

wisdom, prudence;

ydp,
ijSri,

coiij., for,

because.

ieamin:.

adv., already,

now.

170
VERBS.
A'jroKTelp-of, I kill, slay.

LISTS OF "WORDS.
e\ev9epl-a, as,/., freedom, liberty.
i^&raa-is, eujs,/., a review; iroieiai^iu i^^raaiv, to review.

/SdXX-w, 1 throw, cast, hit. xXiirT-u, I steal.

kXIv-u, 1 bend
fiiv-bi,
;

ipy-ov, ov, ., a work, action.

set.

(of

the sun,) to

Kao-TwX-6s,

ov, m., Castolus.

remain, stay.
I send, equip.

irarpis, irarpld-os, /., native country.

(7arpdir-7]s, ov, m.,

(TtAX-w,
t/XX-w,
pa.lv
(a,

a satrap, or Per-

rifiv-u}, I cut.
I

sian governor.

pluck, pull out.

araOiibs,
stage.

ov,

m., a halting-place, a

show, point out.

ffurrripi-a, as, /., safety.

XXI.
SUBSTANTIVES.
&/xa^-a, Tjs,/., a
dper-T^,
T]i,

Ti/j.-'/i,

7js,f.,

honour,

waggon.
merit.
fiia-os,
ficr-os,
77,

ADJECTIVES.
ov,

/., virtue,

middle.
great.

'Apra^^p^-Tjs, ov, m., Artaxerxes.

apx-'f), VS, y.,

T),

ov,

how much, how

VERBS.

government, province.
m., a barbarian.
dTro5dKvv-fu,,

pdp^ap

OS, ov,

5t5d(rKaX-os, ov, m. or /., a teacher. KvireKk-ov, ov, n., a cup.

dOpoi^-w, I collect, assemble.

I

set

forth,

exhibit,

X67-0S, ov,
tise.

VI.,

word

book, trea-

declare.
diroKpiv-ofxat, I reply.

olKi-a, as, /.,

a house.

dwoirip-TT-w, I send
/3o!/X-o/xa(, 1

away, despatch.

p-ryrwp, pTjTop-os, m.,

iiiro^iryi-ov, ov, n.,

an orator.

wish.

a beast of burden.

yev-o/xai, I taste, (with gen.)

i^airi-ofiai, 1

beg

off (for myself.)

ADJECTIVES.
alaxp-is, d, 6v, base, worthless. &^i-os, a, ov, worthy, deserving.
dpyijpe-os
(oCs),

fidx-o/xai, I fight.
fxeTavifiir-ofiai,
self.)
sil-

I send for
I do.

(to

my-

a,

ov,

made

of

TToU-ii},

make

ver

silver.
T],

aTpaTiv-op.ai, I take the field,

go on

a military expedition. avWapL^dv-o), I seize, apprehend. formerly; v^ed TaTT-u {rdaff-w], F. rdfw, I mar^fiTrpocrdfv, culv., shal, arrange. adjcctively, former. vir6, prep., by. (See Vocabulary.) yjyrj [impers. verb), it is necessary.
&pi(TT-os,
ov, best.

VERBS.
alpi-U3, I take,
Srj\6-u}, I

dvSpelois, manfully, bravely.

iTTifieXws, carefully.
irepi,

choose, catch.
plain, detail.

make
on

around, about.

(See Vocabu-

iXaijv

u),

I drive, ride.
fire,

lary.)
irpb, before, for.

Kal-w, I set
Trai5etj-o},

burn.

I teach, educate.

iropev-ofiai, I go,

journey, advance.

XXIII.
SUBSTANTIVES.
rjbov-ii, ijs,/-,

ri/xd-u, 1 honour.
<pi\^-w, I love.

fyx-os, 60$, n., a spear. pleasure.

dr}pl-ov, ov, n.,
fX''-os, jirint.

XXII.
SUaSTANTlVES. tf77cX-os, ov, m., a messenger.
Aapel-os, ov, m., Dariuij.

os,

n.,

a wild beast. a track, trace, foot

Clearchus.

KXiapx-os,

ov, m.,

LISTS
\v5l-a, as,/., Lydia.
K&r-T],
-iji,

OF WORDS.
dapiK-6s, ov,
coin).
TO.,

171
a daric (a Persian

/., grief.

uiK

OS, eos, .,

a limb,

member.

Mfvuiv, OS, m.,

(i^p OS, eos, n.,

Menon.

a part, share. Xjy OS, ov,f., Nineveh. Top9/j.-fjs, m., a ferryman, ^<i)s, boatman. ffdx-os, eos, n., a shield. ^i'7-dj, (puydS-os, m. ory., an exile.

m., the world. \vKovpy-os, ov, m., Lycurgus. m., pay, wages. fiwd-6s, ov, veKp-6s, ov, m., dk dead body, corpse. v6n-os, oy, TO., a law.
K6ff/i-os, ov,

irvp, irvp-6s, n., fire.

(TTT^X-r], 7IS, /.,

pillar,

Tp6irai-ou, ov, n.,

a tombstone. a trophy.

ADJECTIVES.
^pax-^s, eXa,
Se^i'Ss,
d,
i5,

4.DJECTIVE3.
?KaffT-os,
7],

short.

ov,

each, every.

6v,

the

right

hand;

Qrj^au-os, a, ov,
fivpi-oi, ot, o,

Theban.
;

favourable, fortunate.
evb)vvfi-os, OS, ov, the left,

ten thousand

a very

Xot7r-6s,

ri,

6v,
(i)v,

remaining
ov,

lucky. the rest.

great number.

<r<li<f>p-(i)v,

self-controlling;

wise, prudent.
Sre, mr,j.,

6<ms, yJTis, Sri, whoever, whichever who, what. xCS.i-01, at, o, a thousand.
;

when.
as
if.

VEHBS.
dvaSidta-pu, I give forth, yield, send

iroWciKis, adv., often.

(liairep, as,

TTEUBS.

up, aTodidu-pn, pay.

re-

give

back,

return

ava^oLiv
train.

&j,

o-Trex OjUat,

go up, ascend. keep myself from,

I die.

dipicTTTi-fu, I revolt.

diSu-fii, I give, grant.

id-ca, I

allow, permit.
aor. of
<f>rifiCj,

dvodirfi<TK-(i>,

elirov
retreat.

(2

I said.

&Tr6X\v-fjLi, I perish, I die.

iicrldji-iu, I

expose.
lawful
;

diro0ei>y-w,

I flee

away,
forth,

^^ecTT-iv, impera., it is

it

is

yvj-wd^-w, I exercise.

permitted.

^\aiv-(a, I ride ward.

if^i-ofiai,,

march

for-

evTvxi-d}, I
tarrj-px, 1

am

fortunate.

I lead the

way, guide.

cause to stand, I erect. Kara.Tl0ri'pj., I put down, I pay.

Kivi-to, I

W-w,

sacrifice.

move.
I

KaraTrijSd-w, I leap down.

Keifi-ai, I lie.
reid-u), I
rlirr-o},

Tidrj-fu,

place
law.

t19ti/u

vd/i^v,

make a
<paXv-<i),

persuade.
I fall.

I appear.

show

mid. and pass.,

tIkt-u), I beget,

produce.
6ti, c<mj., that.

rpix-<^i i run-

pdXurra, adv., very much; especi-

XXIV.
SCRSTANTIVES.
yaO-d, Q, neut. pi., goods, blessings.
9\-ov, ov, n., a prize of

ally.

XXV.
SUBSTANTITE3.
^ApiaTiTT-os, OV, TO., Aristippns. ^ovk6\-os, ov, TO., a cowherd, herds-

a contest,

a reward.
|J^X'^'')

&px'^-o^)

jfpdfifjM,
jil.

a ruler. ypdfjL/^aT-os, n., a letter;

"*.,

man.
Sd<pp-r},
rjs,

an inscription.

/., a bay-tree, laurel.

(128)

13

172
Ad(J3i'is,

LISTS OF
Ad(p;>id-oi, m.,

wonus.
VERBS.
d.\rjdetl-(^,

Daphnis.
p.

ol {i.e., oZ), to

him.

(See

54.)

am

truthful,

speak
;

a name. nXdrcov, OS, m., Plato. IIu^a76p-as, a, m., Pythagoras, pd/c-os, cos, n., a rag; a coarse or rajia^eri garment.
6vofj.a, 6v6fj.aT-0!, n.,

truth.
i^i6-cif,

deem myself worthy

govern.

demand.
dpX-w,
to.

I rule,

eiiepjeTi-w, I benefit,

show kindness
;

aTTovS-i^,

Tjs,

/., haste, eagerness.

Ti.aaa(pipv--qs, ov, m., Tissapherncs.

<f>dpiiaK-ov, ov,

Kadl(TTrj-m, I establish

mid. I take

xXa/xys, cloak.
larpiK'^

a drug, medicine. -xkanv^-oi, /., a mantle,

??.,

up

my

position, post myself.

Kpawv-/j,i, I

mix.
aor.

ADJKCT1VE8.
[scil. r^x"'")))/^'"^- of larpiKii, the healing art, medicine, surgery.
tj,

Xafipdv-d) receive.

(2

O^apov),

I take,

tIkt-w

/c(X\t<rr-o5,

ov [superl.

of /co\6s),
(.see

(1 aor. pass. irixOflv), I produce, bring forth, bear. <j)opi-(i), I carry, wear.

most
(iTjdeii,

beautiful, or excellent.
p.i]8e/j,la,

/xtiS^v

eh,

p-

6.V,

adv., perchance,

if.

(See Qteek

53),
/j,6v OS,

no one, none.
7],

Vocabulary.)
rori^v

ov,

only, alone.
6v,

xoT-6s,

-q,

drinkable

(pdpfiaKov, a potion.
XpT/tctfiL-os, Tj,

becomingly. more, rather. 69ev, adv., whence.

ei5,

ado., well,

fj.d.XKov, adv.,

ov, usefiU.

xff^, adv., thej).

GREEK YOCABULARY.
m. fvtandg for Masculine,/, for Feminine,

and

n. for

Nenter.

Proper names begin

Perfect

with capiUU.

In Verbs,

f.

stands for Fotore,

r. for

iyaO-Ss, -fi, bv, good; brave; noble; wise, &c. : t6 a.ya.Bbv, advautage, a blessing : rd a/yadi, goods,

dyopd^-u,

F.
;

dyopdffu,

to

attend

market

to

buy.

Aypi-os, a, ov, wild, savage, fierce.

wealth. (For Comparatives and Superlatives, see p. 50.) iyaXna, irfiXfi.a.T-oi, n., delight honour ; gift ; statue ; picture.
i.faXp.aTOTroi.-bs,
is,

iyp-bs, ov, m. (Lat. ager), a field, land, the country (opposed to the

town).
iyvi-d, as, /., a way, street, rosd;

by,

making

from dyw.
dyvpT-Tjs,

statues: as a
4701', adv.,

siihst.

m., a statuary.

ov,

iryavaKT-id), F. ^ffui,
irritation
;

very, very much. to feel violent

to

gatherer,

In pi., a town. m. (from dytlpv), a beggar mountebank,

;

quack, cheat.

be vexed

to

be

d7xw,
dyu,

F.

dy^u

(Lat. ango), to press

angry,

Governs dative, and &:e. sometimes accusative, or is followed by a preposition and case. From 570*, and perhaps iyu (which see) ; or dx^oj (grief, distress).

tight; hence, to throttle, strangle. F. d^u, p. ^o, 2 aor. (reduplicated), Ijyarfov,

with
;

inf.

dya-

yelv,

take with one, carry, take away, drive consider

to
lead,
(like duccii
;

spend

(as

time,

life,

iyyeXia,

as, /.,

a message

news

&c.)

command.
dT-yeX-os, ov,

dyuvidu,

F.

m. ory., a messenger, bearer of tidings.

proclaim.
(See Liquid Verba.)

to be distressed
dytovi^otioL,
F. dyuivioij/uu) ,

dau, to strive eagerly to be anxious.

;

dydtviffofjuu

(Attic,

07-7 A-Xw, F. d77eX-w, to announce,

dyeu-ri^ (or i'Yeyvri^],ris, ii, low-born,

to

contend

for

prize, to struggle, to fight.

dSeXtfy-'fi, tJj,

/.,

a sister.

ignoble
d, not,
Sryi-oi,

low-minded, mean

from

d5eX^-6s,
98-7;$, ov,

oi),

m., a brother ; a near

and y^vos,

race, descent.

relative.

a,

ov (Lat. sacer), devoted

the gods), sacred, holy; also accursed.

(to

(LyKvp-a,

OS,

(Lat.

ancSra),

an
of,

m., Hades, Pluto, the lower The the grave, death. derivation from d, not, and ISeTv, doubtful. to see, is

world

anchor.
i/yvo-iu, F. Tjaw, to

dSiK-iu),

be ignorant

not to observe.

P. -^u, to be diucot, to do wrong, to violate the laws ; to injure, to do wrong to.

174
dSiK-os,
oj,

GREEK VOCABULARY.
ov
(d,

not,

and
;

SLkt],

to

lift

or take for one's

one's
d,

self,

or

justice), unrighteous, unjust.

i86Kifj.-os, OS,

what

is

own

to gain. p6i,
dis-

putable
OJ, ov),

unproved ignoble, mean.

ov,

disre-

alffx-pis,

6v,

or ai<rx-pis,

p6v, ugly, ill-looking; hence,

dSokicrX'V^)

o")

^^-

i'^^

d56Xeffx-os,

graceful,

base,

immoral.

Coin-

prating

fellow,

parative and superlative,

at<rx-i-<^To$.

ahx'^'i^'')

babbler.
dSi)vdr-os, OJ, ov, [active],

do

(a thing),

unable to powerless; [passive),

(fcrofxai

alffxvv-io, F.

aio'xvvio,

p.

ycxvyKa,
;

to

impossible.
q!S-w, F.
(^(XO),

dishonour alax^voiiai, to be ashamed

disfigure,

^^as*.
of, to

or

(contracted

blush.

for

deiSw,

which

is

principally
;

poetic in use), to sing, to chant praise.

ael, adv.,

to

alr^u, F. alTT^ffw, to ask, beg, request, &c.

alri-a, as, /., a cause, reason, occa-

always, ever, for ever.

sion

fault, charge.

deT-6j, oO, m.,

driSuv,

an eagle.
a songstress
;

a.T]S6v-oi, /.,

air id- fiat, mid., to

hence, to

alTidcofiai.,

deponent

allege

as

the nightingale.

blame,

the cause ; charge, find

immortality. 'A6t]v-3,, as, f., Athena [Minerva). 'AOjjp-ai., Cov, f. pi., Athens. 'AOijval-oi, wv, m. pi., the Athenians
d,9&vdCal-a, aj, /.,

fault with.

alnaT-iov, verb adj., one must, or ought to accuse.

atri-os, a, ov (rarely afrt-oj, oj, ov),

sing. 'A0T]va7os.
&d\t,-os,

a,

ov,

or
;

d^Xtoj,

oj,

ov,

causing, or giving cause for blame culpable, blamable : as subst., an

toilsome, painful
erable.

wretched, misthe prize

author.
al<pvlSi-os, OS, ov,

dOXov

(for S,d\ov), ov, n.,

;

ed.

sudden, unexpectNeuter used as an adverb.

rjs,

of a contest
d.6pol^-(o,

F.

a reward, gift, &c. ddpolau, to collect,

dnavO-a,

/.,

a thorn,

prickle;

thorny shrub.
dKi<TTp-a, as,f-, a needle. ddv-qT-os, OS, OV, also oj,
-q, ov, unmotionless, idle, sluggish.

assemble.
dQpb-os, a, ov (rarely ddpdos, oj, oj'), crowded together, set thick, nu-

moved, immovable,
steady
;

merous.
AlaK-6s,
ov,

.iEacus

(one

of

the

dKna'L-QS,

a,

ov,

in

full
;

bloom,

in

judges in Hades).
atyeLp-Qs, ov, /., the black poplar.

AiyvTrr-os, ov,/., Egypt. A'iSuv-evs, ^os, m., Pluto.

4'57;s.)
a.lu.a,

(See

a'i/jMT-os, n.,

blood.

vigorous. dKo\ov6i-(i3, to follow or go with a ptTson, accompany. dK6vTi.-ov, ov, n. (diminutive from &,Kwv), a dart, javelin. dKO'uai.-os, ov, unwilling, forced.
dKoi-ij}, V. dKovcrofiai [dK0>j<TCi), late),
1'. uKTiKoa, v. j;ass. ilnovcr/xai, to hear, listen to, obey. Governs

the flower of youth

al^, aly6s,

m. or /., a goat.
6v, desirable, eligible.

aipeT-6s,
aip4-ii),

-f),

F. aiprjcru, r.

fpriKa, 2 aor.

(from root, '^\u}),l\ov, inf. iXeiv, take with the hand, receive, catch, win, conquer ; understand, detect, convict ; mid. alpionai, to take to one's self, choose, prefer. aXp-u, F. ipw, 1 aor. Jjpa, v. ^pKa, to raise, lift up ; carry, bear exalt; take away: and in mid.
I

usually the accusative of the thing heard, and the genitive of the person from whom heard but see Liddell and ScotCs Greek Lexicon. dKpIpQs, adv., exactly, thoroughly,
strictly;

from

adj.

dKpi-fis,

exact, &c.

GREEK TOCABtJLAEY.
iKvfi.avT-os. OS, ov, waveless,
a.K-wv, &Koi'(ja,

175
dXw,
or
fiXwos,
/., a

calm. dKOV (contracted for

against one's

dXws,
&fia,

gen.
adv.,

threshing-floor.

d^Kdiv),
will.

unwilling,

together,

at

the

same

time.
d/Mi5-i}s,
i}s,

'

\aX-oi, OS, OP, speechless, dnmb; (from d, not, and XdXos. talkative.] i\y-4ci), T^ffdi, to be pained in body or mind ; hence, to be sick, to grieve, to be sorry for. aXeicrpv-div, 6vos, m., a cock; sometimei/., a hen. Wi^cwSp-oi, ov, m., Alexander; applied to Paris, son of Priam. dXrjOfi-u, cru, to speak troth ; from the fiiUowing. dXTj^-Tjs, i)s, 4s (from d, not, and Xa^er*", to lie hid), unconcealed, open ; true, candid, genuine.
aXriOwi, adv., truly, in truth, &c.

h, unlearned, ignorant;

stupid.
a/xafrrdv-u, F. ifiapr-^opuii, to miss

the mark, fail ; mistake, ofiFend.

go wrong,

sin,

dft^\vd)TT-w, or dfi^vweff-ot, ifi^ Xvw^tj}, to be dim-sighted, to be purblind ; to want power of dis-

crimination.
dfi^pocl-a, OS, /., ambrosia, the food of the gods.
ifiel^u,
F. dfiel^u, to exchange, change mid. to give in return, to recompense, to answer.
;

ifieiv-uv,

(i/v,

ov,

gen. -ovos, better

'AXKijoT-ts, tSos, /., Alcestis, daughter of Pelias, and wife of Admetus.

comp. of d7o^6j, for which see

p.

50.
-f/ffa,

i/x.e\-4u,
ov,

to

be careless, to

AXxt^tdS-rjs,
'A\Kfi^v-7},

m., Alcibiades, a

neglect.

famous Athenian. 'Afwcu-os, a, or, f., Aminean : as a gubgt. /., "a cask of Aminean !)%, f; Alcmena, mother wine." Both Aminea in CamdXX', for dXXd. pania and Aminaeum in ThesdXK6., conj., but, but then, nay. saly were famed for wine. aWd. ydp (enimvero), but really, dfjiv-6s, ov (the oblique cases are however this combination imgenerally borrowed, being dpvos, plies an ellipsis, as explained in dpvl, dpva, &c.], TO. or/., a lamb. the notes. dfiop<f>-os, OS, or, misshapen, ugly, oWdTT-u, or iXkd(T<r-u, f. dXXdf-w, unseemly. p. ^fXXaxtt, to make other than it dfivv-u, F. dfivv-u, to ward oflP, deis, to change, alter ; to exchange. fend to help : mid. to defend or dXX'^Xwi', gen. pi. (see p. 56], of avenge one's self. : one another, mutually, recipro- ifupl, prep., with accusative, geni^ cally. tive, and dative, on both sides, dXX-o$, 17, (Lat. cdius), another, around, about ; concerning; used other dXXot, others ; but ol sometimes as an adverb, all round. Xkoi, the rest. daughter of rjs, f; 'Kft(f)iTplT-ij, dXX6Tpi-o$, a, ov (Lat. alientis), beIs'ereus and wife of Poseidon
of Hercules.
: ;

longing
strange
;

to another, foreign, inconsistent irith, un-

{Neptuni\.
dn4>&rep-os, a, ov, used in singular.)
ifi<f>-<i},

both,

(seldom
both,

suitable to.

dXXws, adv., in another way, otherwise ; heedlessly, at random ; in vain : from SXXos ; dXXwj re xal,
especially.

gen.

and

dat. dfupoiv,

both parties (whether individuals

or aggregates).
(Lat. ambo.)
ip, adv., perchance, haply,

IXa-<K, eoi.

n^ a grove, lawn, wood.

iXuvq^,

dXiixe/c-os, /., a fox.

&c. It cannot be easily translated by one word, but always implies a

176
condition,

GREEK VOCABULARY.
to suffer unbe indignant from dvd^Los, unworthy, and ivadov. dvaireid-w, F. dvairelcro}, to bring over to a different opinion, to persuade to incite to.
dva^ioiraB-lij},
-i]ffv,

and so refers to a verb either expressed or understood.

It never begins a sentence.

deservedly

to

(See

Grammar, and Liddell and ScoWs

Oreeh Lexicon.)
dvd, prep., with accusative, genitive,

upon opposed to KCLTd. Its meaning varies with the case governed by it. divafialv-w, F. dva^^ffofiai, to go up, ascend, climb; to embark.
dative, up,

and

dvaTrX^w, F. dpaTr\eijffop.ai, or dvair\evcrodp.ai, to sail upwards or up the stream; to sail back again. dpdTrXe-us, us, up, gen., avdirXed) (see p. 22), full to the brim, full.
dpairviu), F. dvairveiao),

iva^i-Sui,

inf.

aor. dye^luv, -dcofiai, dva^iuivai, to come to life

ov, also oj, 09, av,
;

again
spire.

to breathe take breath, breathe, re-

again, revive.

ivayxcu-os, a,
force,

by
ol

dpapxi-a,

using force

necessary

ment

as, /., want of governlawlessness, anarchy.

F.

ivayKoioi, relatives.
sarii.)

(Lat. neces-

dpa(TTpi<p(i},

dpaarpi^po),

p. dpi;

ivdyw, F. dvd^u, to lead up; to bring up (from the dead), to raise; to bring back, to withdraw.
F. dPaSibau), to give up, give forth or yield; to distribute; give back. dvaS6vw, to come out of, emerge.
&vadi5ii)f/,i,,

turn upside down to turn back, turn round, return. dpo-reiv-u, F. dparevd, to stretch or lift up, raise, hold forth.
(TTpocpa, to

dvadijofjMi,,

F.

dvadifffOfiat,

act.

dvi^vv,
(as

to

come
;

2 aor. up, rise,

emerge
face), to

from beneath a surascend to embark.

without shedding
p.

dvax<^p-iu, 7)cru), to retreat, retire, return to. dpSpdwoS-ov, ov, n., a slave (cap tive in war) from AvSpa diro56adoLi: or, according to otliers, from dvbpbs and iroi5j, the captive falling at the feet of his conqueror.
;

dpdpei-os, a, op (dyT^p),

dvaiixurl,

adv.,
F.

man

belonging manly, courageous.

n.
,

to

blood, bloodless.
dvaipioi),
dvaip-f}<r()},

dp5pi6raTa,
dv-gp-qKa,

pi. of superlative of

2 aor. dvuKov, to take to overturn to gain

self.
;

up or away,
:

destroy, kill

mid.

most manmost bravely, &c. dpdpelws, adv., in a manly way, mandydpelos, used as adv.,
fully,

i.e.,

to procure for one's to

fully.
dpSpdiS-rjs,
7]s, es,

like a

man, manly

dvoLKaioj,

F.

dvaKa^crca,

kindle,

&Pfi-os,

light up.
dvaKbiTTii}, F. dvaK6\//03, to beat back,

wind
stop
;

current of air, from Au, drifii, to blow.

ov,

m.,

repulse

cut

off.

F. dveKevffOfiai, aor. dp^pXOfiai, dvrjKdov or dpT^XvOop, v. dveXiJXw-

dvoKafi^dvw,

f. dvdK-{)ipoiiai., to take
;

6a, to

go up; go or come back,

up receive
;

resume.
F.

return.
to
re-

dvaiufj.irf)(TK(i),

dvafiv^cru},

&pev, prep, with gen., without,

away
"P
!

mind one of a thing, to recall to memory, to remember; to suggest;

admonish.
Aj'ttJ,

from, except, besides.

dp^X^

{^^-^

^X<^)' ^ li"!"^ "Pi 1"^

;

maintain, support

endure.

dvaicT-os, i.,

a lord, master;

dPT^p, gen. dpdp6i, voc. &pep, a

(as

man

prince, king.

Apa^aydpas,
Ionia.

ov,

m., Anaxagoras,
in

a philosopher of Clazomenae

opposed to a woman, like vir; means a man, as opposed to a beast, like homo), a husband, a warrior, &c.
whereajj dvOpwvoi

GREEK VOCABULARY.
iv9' for
ifd-os,

177
worthy of
credit,

AptL
eoj,

A|i67rrr-os, os, of,

n.,

a blossom,

flower

shoot
S.vOpunr-0^, ou, m., a

trustworthy. A^i-oi, a, ov, worth, worthy

(literally,

man

(as

opposed
(con-

weighing as much
the sense, meet, fit.
dt^i6<ti,

from tf^w,

in

to a beast),
/.,

mankind; sometimes

to

weigh),

deserved,
^^lovr,
fit

when used of a temptuously).

ividffO),

woman

F.

i^itiffo),

imperf.
of,
;

iviaci),

to grieve, distress
p.

vex, annoy.
avoi-ywfjLi

deem worthy require, demand

to
dL^lw/xa,

to think
n.,

think, suppose.

and iyotyu,
with

dw^w,

gen.

d^itifiar-ot,

that

imperf.,

dv^ijryop, v.

double augment, av^cfrya, to open, un-

which a person is thought worthy, an honour worth, high

of
;

fold, disclose.
dirr'

character, dignity

an axiom,
(see

for avrl.

dx' for

iir6.

avrl, prep, vnth gen.,

over against,

dirayy0^.tt),

F.

dvayyeKQ

Li-

opposite ; equivalent to, instead of ; at the price of, in return for.

'

kvrlyov-os, ou, m., Antigonus, king of Asia.

(see

quid Verbs), to bring tidings, to report, relate, announce. dvayopei-w, ffu, to forbid to bid farewell to, to renounce to fail
;

avTiXiyu
'Atrri6T-rj,

X^w),
/.,

to

speak

a-

gainst, gainsay.
Tjj,

Antiope, mother
: in mid. about a thing; pretend to.

Amphion and Zethus. ivriiroiiuj, to do in retUm

of
to exert one's self

to lay claim to,

'

kvTLcrOit-ris,

ovs

thenes, an
avTiTiiTTO),

m., Antis(eos), Athenian, founder of

the sect of Cynic philosophers.

(through fatigue see dxelpTiKa). dTdyo) (see dyu), to lead away, carry off; bring back. dvaiT-iu, fi<TU), to demand back, seek payment of. diroXXdrT-w, or draXKdaffw, r. diraXXdIw, to set free, release ; to remove : intrans. to escape, get off to give over, cease, &c. 4xa|, adv., once, once for all
;

or ajmriafftj}, P. d^tTa^w, to range in order of battle mid. to strive against, oppose. dLvr\-ibj, -^(Tu, to bale out bilgewater, to drain, dry; exhaust. Ibrrp-op, ov, n. {anirum), a cave,

(semeT)

iiras, diraaa, ILtop {Ana,

Tat),

all

together [cuncti).
dteid-ita, -fjaa, to

be disobedient, to

disobey.
i-reifu (see etpu, Irregtdar Verbs], to

cavern, hole.
iinjTroSTjT-os,
oj,

under
ivd),

5^w,

op [Slv, not; {rr6, to bind), unshod,

barefoot.

go away: pres. used as ful., " I shall go away ;" depart. aor.), F. dretirop (2 dvepw, p. dr-iprifca, to speak out, declare
to deny, refuse
;

adv.

{(ip<)

up, upwards, above,

:

but usually

it

on high; inland up and down.

ivw Kal

jcdrco,

means to fail, to be wearied, sink from exhaustion.

d*flpr]Ka.

to

apwyai-op, ov {Apu and yaia, earth), anything elevated above the ground ; the upper storey or floor of a house. ipuiyewv, gen. avtiyeu (see p. 22), n. ; also dvti^ews, gen. dptjyeti), m. and/., same as dpdycuop. iinaOaf, adv., from above, on high; from the beginning.

(See foregoing word.)

direipL-a, as, /., infinity,

it

immensity;

also means, inexperience, ignore

infinite,
to,

ance.
&ireip-oi, OS,
01'.

boundless
to

also,

unused
(see

ignorant.

4ireXai5'w

iXaipu),

drive
P.

away, expel, &c.

dvepydl^ofiat.,

P.

direpydffOfiou,

178
diretpyafffiai,
])Iete.

GREEK VOCABTJLAKY.
to finish
off,

com-

destroy utterly, to

kill

mid. &ir6\'

Xv/xai, to perish, to

be undone.

d.ir^pXO/j.a(,

to (see fpxofiai), go away, depart, go out of. dTT^w, F. d(f>i^u} (see ^w), to hold or keep off from mid. dir&x.of^cLi;
:

'A7r6XXwv, 'A7r6XXwv-os, m., Apollo. dwovevor)p.iv(i3%, adv. (from perf. part, pass, of ctTro^'o^o/iat) without re,

to hold one's self off from, to abstain, desist

from

intrans.

to be

or distant from. risk. dirb, i^rep. , governing genitive only, from, away from, far from ; of diroxifjLiru (see vifiirta), to send away, dismiss; send back, return. time from, after, since. It is sometimes used also to express the dirowXiw (see ttX^w), to sail away, instrument, the cause, or the maset sail ; sail back. tenal. diroirvl'yw (see vviyu), to choke, throttle; pass., to be choked, diro^dWu) (see /3(\Xw), to throw off or away, to reject; to lose {e.g., throttled, drowned. to lose children by death). dirop-iu, F. i}(7w, to be in perplexity to be at a loss for, to be in want. d7r6^a<r-tj, ewj,/. [diro^alvu], a stepping off, landing, disembarking. dvopi-a, as, /., perplexity, diflSculty, doubt; need, poverty. dTroSelKvvfj.1 (see Verbs in -fit), to point away from (other objects, to dwoa-iwTr-du}, F. -Tqaw, trans, to keep

away

gard for life, desperately, foolishly. dir-o^vvw (dir6, d^ijvw from d^ijs), to bring to a point, to sharpen. d7r6irip-a, as, /., a trial, venture,

one specially)
forth,

Tience,

to
;

show
to de-

secret

intrans. to be silent (after

exhibit,

produce

speaking).

clare, appoint, create.

diro5i5(i)/Ju (see

dTToariWu
-jtii),

Verbs in
;

to give

(see (xt^Wu), to send off or away, despatcii ; 2 aor. pass.

back, return, repay

dTTodv-qaKdi (see

give away.
F.

dTre<TTd\r]v.
dTroaT(pav-6ci),
dxrca,

6vfi<jK<t}),

diroOa-

to

deprive of

vovjiai, 2 ax)r. dir^davop, to

be

j)iit

a crown, or garland.
diroriOrjiJLi

to death, to die.

iiroKaX-iu),
call

F.

-^crw,

to

call

back,
to

away
by

call

or aside ; a disparaging
f.

miscall,
title.
-i^erw,

put away, or stow away mid. to put away from one's self, to put off (as
(see I'erbs in -/u), to
;

clothes), to lay past for one's self.

dTTOKepS-aivti),

-avu and

to

d-iro(pevyu (see ^euyw), to flee

away

derive benefit or enjoyment from something. diroKiv-iw, F. ijcrw, to remove from. dwoKvalw, or diroKvdw, to scrape off to wear (a person) out, to worry, annoy.
diroKplv-uj, F. diroKpXvdf to separate,

distinguish,
diroKpivofiai,

mid. choose out ; to give answer, to

from, escape. diroxpdw, inf. diroxpfiv, imperf. diriXp7]i>, to suffice, be sufficient. dirdxpv (3/ sing, jires. of i)receding verb), used impersonally, it is enough, sufficient, &c. dvpdyfiwv, uiv, ov, gen. -ovos, free from occupation, disengaged
hence, free
;

from
^s,

trouble,

easy,

reply.

quiet

lazy.
^s,

avoKpviTTU, F. diroKp'ifca, to hide from, conceal.

atroKTelvu),
F.

dirpeir-ifis,

unbecoming, un-

diroKTevQ,

<ior.

seemly. dn-Tepos, OS,

dtrru,
P.

oy,

without wings, un-

drriKTeiva, to slay,
d7roXai5-w, F. -ffu,

condemn.

fledged, callow.

to benefit from,

fi^w, to fasten, bind, tie

:

onjoy.

ijrdWvfju, diroKiatj), and diroKCo, to

to kindle or set fire to uaiuU in mid. drrofULi;

more
perf.

GKEEK VOCABTTLAJRY.
7/v"", to fasten one's self grasp; set upon, attack; to overtake, gain. 'Apy-os, ov,m., Argus, son of Agenor, called the " hundred-eyed."
pass.
to, cling to, to

179
prince,
chief,

leader,

founder;

general.
ifiX''^!
firsti to begin ^i'^t to (usuaUy mid. in this sense) ; to lead, govern, command. &PX(j3v, ipxovT-os, m. {partidpU of dpx^, used as a svibst.), a mler,

'A/yy-os, ovi (cos), n.,

Argos, a town

in the Peloponnese. ipyvpeos, contracted dpyvpoih, o, ovp, (made) of silver. o^>^ '^1 V^: f-\ excellence, merit (of any kind) ; bravery, (moral) vir-

commander, chief magistrate.

dadtv-i<i), fyra, to

be dxrdeprp,

ix.,

weak,
dffBa^-4p,

feeble, sickly.
1)1,

(d,

aBbwi), without
;

tue

skill.

strength, weak, sickly

cant.
'

insignifi-

dpiffT-d(i>, flaw, to

take the ipurrop, or mid- day meal ; to lunch, to

dine.

AaK\f(ri-bs, ov, m., .^Esculapius, son of Apollo, and god of medicine.

'

ApiffTirr-m, ov, m., Aristippus, a philosopher from Cyrene.

77,

dfffUvon, adv., willingly, gladly.

doiris, dairldoi, /.,
'AffcnJpt-ot,
(in>,

dpurr-oi,

OP, best.

(See irregular

a round shield.
os,

comparison, p. 50, mider dya06s.)

' ApiaToriK-Tjs,

m.pl., the Assyrians.

m., Aristotle, tutor of Alexander the Great.

eot,

dtrTet-ot, oi, op,

4<7Ti;),

and

a, op (from

of the town,

polite

(r-

dpK-i(i),

F.

-^ffw

(Lat.

arceo),

to
ser-

banus], comical.
dffTuc-6i, ^, 6p, of the city, or town. dar-v, 0i, w., a city, town. datpaX-Tis, ijs, 4s, not tottering; safe, secure, sure, steadfast. ire, conj., inasmuch as. seeing that,

ward

off; to assist, to
;

be of
:

vice, to avail

to suflSce

imperI

sonal, dpKfi,

it is sufficient,

am

content.
ipfui,

ipfiaros, n., a chariot (espe-

cially war-chariot), car.

app6^ti/, Attic, apfjb&TT-w, F. ip/iAau,

because.
dreKP-os, oi, op, childless.

without children,

to

fit

intraiis.

together, join, arrange, suit to tit, suit, be adapted

'ArXaJT-ii,
Atlas.

-ISoi, /.,

a daughter of

for.

dp&rris, ou, IB., a

'AtXoi, 'AtXcut-oj, m., Atlas (who dpoirpa, as, /.. a field. bears heaven on his shoulders). ipovpeu-<K, a, OP, from the country, droT-ot, OS, OP, out of place, extrarustic. ordinary, strange; absurd, monaprd^to, F. aprdffopMt [dprd^a], to strous. snatch away, carry otf; to seize a^is, adv., back, back again, again,
greedily, to plunder. Kpra^ip^ip, ou, tn., Artaxerxes, king of Persia.
dpTi, adv., just, exactly; just

ploughman.

afresh, hereafter.
aiiX-id), -fyra [aSKbs),

to play

on the

flute, to pipe.
01JX-1), rjs,/.,

now.
loaf

&fT-ot,

ou,
;

m.,
in

bread,

the open court-yard, a court or hall; palace, dwelling,

(wheaten)

^,

loaves, bread

^:enerally).

A/>xAa-os,

01;,

Barley bread is /la^om., Archelaus, king

of ilacedonia.
'^'X^i V^)/-i beginning, origin; first

place or power, dominion, sovereignty, magistracy.

country house (villa). ov^dMV, or aO^, f. aA(^w (LaL augeo), to make larg^ increase; honour, extoL dvrv-os, OS, OF, sleepless, wakeful. turrlKO, adv., immediately, forthwith,
presently, at once.
aitSffi, adv.,

ipXTf^<

6c, 6p,

used tubstantivelij.

on the spot, here, there.

180
twT-6j,

GREEK VOCABULARY.
i<f>iKviofxai,
p.
i<i>l^oixax,

)}, b, reflexive pronoun, self; but in oblique cases often used for personal pronoun (see p. 55),
:

v.

past,
to,

d<pLyfiai,

to arrive

at,

come

reach.
d(p[ffT7}fii (see
-fj.i),

myself, thyself, &c. 6 ai>r6s, the very one, the same (contracted
airrhi).

t(TTrjiJ.i,

and Verbs
p.

in

F. dirocrrijo-w,

a^iiar-qKa,

to

make

to stand off from, to put

;

aiiTov, avTTJi, avrov, for iavroO,

&c.

(see p. 56), himself, herself, itself.

away, remove mid., and intrans. tenses of act. to stand aloof from,
,

avx-^t^,

"fiffoj,

to boast,

plume
the

one's
'

shun, revolt.
A<ppoSlT-rj,
Tji,

self; declare,

avow.
m.,

/.,

Aphrodite {Ved(pp6trrt,S-os,

avxh^t
d(paip4(i)

avx^v-os,
(see

neck,

nus) goddess of love.

8.<ppovT-i^,
IS,

throat.
alpiot),

gen.
6v,

free

to take

away

from care
'Axa'-<5s,
d,

[securus).

from, remove, deprive; mid. more usual, to take for one's self, carry
off.

Achaian

pi.

ol

'Axo.iol, the

Achaeans.
son of

'Ax''^X-ei5!, ^a5, m., Achilles,

ov,

d(pdpfjLaicr-oi, or,

unmixed with

i'eleus
dxP'^j

and Thetis.

drugs, free from poison.

d,(plr]fii

(see

irnJ.!.,

to send forth or
free,

and Verbs in -fii), away, let go, set

2'ep.

0^ dxpa (before a vowel), governing gen., until, up to,

;

as far as

as conj. , until.

give up.

B
/SaSifw, p.
(fiaSlcru}),

^aSiovfiai,
;

and

Pacn\el-d, as,

f, sovereign power,
chief,

^aSiaopLaL,

to

go

to

walk, or go

slowly.
pdO-os, eos
(ouj), n.,

kingdom, dominion. paaiX-eh, iojs, m., a king,

sovereign, prince.
paffiXeij-u), to

depth, height;

(See p. 37.)

deep place, valley.

^aO-is,
altus).
P. ^i^-qna (f. cause to go), 2 aor. i^riv, inf. ^Tjvai, to go, walk, advance. ^aKTTipl-a, as, /., a staff, cane, walking stick, sceptre. /SdXXw, P. /3a\w or paW-qcru), p. pip\-qKa, 2 aor. i^aXov, to throw at, or hit (opposed to riirrd), to strike), to throw, cast, fling. pdpPap-os, OS, ov, barbarous [i.e., not Greek), strange, foreign out-

eta,

i,

deep,

high

(like

be king, to rule. jSaj-rctfw, F. ^aardata, to lift, raise, exalt, support; carry off.

^aivu,

p.

^rjaofiai,

pdrpax-OS,
/3A.-0S,
eos,
;

ov, m.,
n.,

prjcro},

will

a frog. a missile;

a dart,

arrow

a weapon.
r),

pfKTL<TTos,

ov,

the best; irregular

superlative

of dya66s.
tribunal
(to

^rina, p-fip-ar-os, n., a step, pace; a

platform from)
^latbTepov,

or

speak

/9/oi-os, a, ov, forcible, violent.

adv.,

going,
^i^XL-ov,
little

more

forcible,

compar. of forewith con;

landish,
ized.

rude,

boorish,

uncivil-

siderable force or violence. ov, n., a paper, letter

book.
1'.

^ap-iw,

T^cru,

to weigh

down, oppress.

heavy, weighty ; oppressive, troublesome. fiafflXei-S, as, /., a queen, a princess.

^ap-ijs, eia, v,

PL^pibcTKU, F. PpiiaopLai, to eat, eat up.

/3/os, ov, TO., life
life,

P^PpuKa,
;

(Lat. vita)
;

way
life.

of

livelihood

common

GREEK VOCABITLARY.
fiiSv,

181

licofiai, 2 aor. i^itav, ^iwvax, part, ^lois, to live.

F.

inf.

/SoAo/tat, F. ^ov\f)<rofuu, to will, ba willing, wish. It sometimes takes

rj

p\4iro},

IfiXi^ut)

pXixpo/iai,

to

as

augment;

e.g., -^^ovXiqdriP, as

have the power of sight, see; to look on or towards.

fiodd), -fjaofKu, to

well as ipov\-^9r).
/3oCy, /3o6s,

m. and/., an ox or cow

cry aload, to shout

in pi. cattle (generally).

to call
^o-qdioy,

on

(a

person).

rjffu),

to succour, assist, help,

PpaSvvw, F. ^paSuvw, to make slo-v, delay intrans. to loiter, be tardy.

;

come

to the rescue.

BoKitrl-a, as, /-, Bceotia, a district

^paS-is, eta, 6 [tardus], slow, heavy; sluggish.

of Greece.

Ppax-vs, eto, i
petty,

(previa), short, little,

a bunch of grapes. /Sou/coX^w, to act as a shepherd, to tend cattle to guard. Povk6\-os, ov, m., a cow-herd, herds^Srpv-s,
oj,
ffi.,
;

man.
^ouXev-w, <rw, to take counsel, deliberate ; to decide; to plan; to give
counsel, advise.

an infant, babe. ^pi^w, to wet (on the surface), moisten, soak. PpovT-dw, ^(Tw, to thunder. ^pvxdo/jLcu, ^pvxqffofjLcu, to roar or
^pi<f>-os, COS, n.,

/3p^w,

F.

bellow.
^pvxi)0fi-6i, ov, m., a roar, bellow.
BpdjffKCj.
^<i}fM-6s,

^uX-iJ, 5, /., will, determination purpose, plan, counsel; a conncU.

(See ^i^piixrKU.)
ov,

a raised place ; a stand,

altar.

yal-a, oj, /., the earth;

a land, or

country. yd\a, yd\aKT-os,

ya.\r}v-r),
ijy,

spring, descendant; lineage; class, kind.

n.,

milk.

yipav-os, ov, m., a crane.

yipojv, yipovT-oi, m.,
yevo), yfiKjoi, to

/., stillness of sea, a

an old man.

calm. ydp, conj., for, (introducing the reason why). It is sometimes used, like nam in Latin, to strengthen a question, as, tLs ydp ; why, who?
(See dXX(.)
foar-ffp,

give one to taste;

yi<l>vp-a, as,/.,

mid. yevop-ax, to taste. a bridge.

yeu)pry-6s,

ov, m., & farmer, labourer.

husbandman,

yjjpai-di, d, 6, or-6j, 6j, 6v, aged. old.

yacrTp6s, /.,

the paunch,

yijpas, yi)paos, n., contracted yi^pui,

belly,

womb.
particle, at least
;

old age.

7^, a limiting

also

to

call

tued 7^701, ylyavr-os, m., a giant : in special attention to j}l., as proper name. The Giants.
yiyvo/iai, or yho/xai, f. yevT^cofiai,

something ; even. yilrwv, yelrov-os, m. andy., a neighbour, borderer. yekdu, yeXdffo/juu, to laugh, to

2 aor. iyev6firiv, to come into being, to be born ; to be, to arise, happen, occur.
yiyvw<rK(i}, f. yvdi<roiuu, aor. hfinav,
opt.

laugh at (one). yewalus, adv., nobly, magnanimously,

generously
-fyrd),

yew-dct},

bravely. to beget [trans.); to

;

yvGivai,

imperat. yvQdi, inf. yvovs, P. fyyw/ttt, to begin or learn to know ; to peryvoLr)v,

part,

bring forth ; to grow. y4v-oi, (OS. n., race, descent;

off-

; to form or givs an opinion, judge, decide.

ceive, distinguish

182
f\avK-6i,

GREEK VOCABULARY.
the alphabet: in pi., letters, the alphabet a letter (epistle) ; documents, writings; learning. ypavs, ypa6s,f., an old woman. ypdcpu, ypd\po}, to scratch, scrape; sketch, write, inscribe, engrave. F/siyXX-os, ov, m., Gryllus, son of
;

t}, 6v, gleaming, glancing, glaring ; [rmth idea of colour), grey, pale blue, light blue. yKavKwTTis, yXavKdoirtd-os, epithet of Athena [Minerva), fierce-eyed; blue-eyed, azure-eyed; [y\avKbs, and c3^, the eye). y\vK-vs, eta, i5, sweet; delightful, dear (beloved). y\u)TT-a, or yXwcrcr-a, rj^, /., the tongue a language. yvdO-os, ov,f., a jaw; mouth. yva(pei-ov, ov, or Kva<puov, n., a fuller's shop, a fulling mill. yov-e'js, ^ws, m., a father: in pi.,
;

Xenophon.
yvp.vdl(i), F.

yv/jLvdffu,

to train in
to
:

gymnastic exercises,
(a

accustom

mid. and person) to (a thing) pass., tc practise one's self, to exercise. yvfJLP-ds, /), 6p, naked, unclad, uncovered.
yvfiv-6o>,
(iffU),

])arents, ancestors.

to strip naked,
vac.
:

to

Fopyl-as, a, m., Gorgias, an orator and philosopher of Leontini in

Sicily.

bare; to spoil, bereave.

yvv/i,

yvvaiK-6s,
(Lat.

man
of
yiiip,

femina)

y6vai, a woin voc. a term

wife,

yovv, adv., at least then, accordingly;

at all events.

respect, mistress, lady;

spouse.
n.,
i.e.,

ypdfifia,

ypdififjuT-os,

written, a character,

a thing letter of

yvTfbs, rn., a vulture.

5'

for 5^.

iaipiwv, Salfiov-os,

m. and f., a god, goddess; providence; lot, fortune, chance; genius.

bite,

French have pieces called "Lonis d'or" and "Napoleon."

Aapei-os,
Persia.
Saa-^s, eta,
v,

ov,

m.,

Darius, king of

SdKVd), F. St^^o/jmi, 2 aor. ^SaKov, to

thick, shaggy,

rough

champ

(the bit); sting, prick;

gall.

SdKpS-op, ov, n. {poetic form, SdKpv),

a tear. SaKpv-w, <rw, to weep, shed tears; lament. SaKTvX-oi, ov, 771., a finger: /liyas SdKTvXos, the thumb.
Sdfia\-ti, ewj, /.,
fer ijuve7ica).

of dense foliage. Sd(f>v-r}, 7]^,f, a laurel, a bay-tree. Ad(pi'is, Ad(pvi5-os, m., Daphnis, i Also/., a nymph. Sicilian hero. S4, conj., in the second place, on the other hand; but, and: it usually responds to piiv,
S^7]<r-ts,

ews,

f.

[Sio/iai),

an

en-

a young cow, hei-

treating, prayer,

petition; want,

need.
Sei,

Lavdri, tjs, /., DanSe, daughter of Acrisius, king of Argos.

SaTrdvrjfjM,

SairafrifiaT-os,

n.,

usu-

ally in pi., expense, outlay.

impers. verb, it is necessary, it behoves, there is need of [opus est), one ought: F. Se'ficrei, 1 aor. i8ir]ffe, &c.
tflyfiar-o^,
n.

hapiK-6s, ov, m., a Daric, a Persian

beiypxt,

[SeUvv/u), a

gold coin, equal toabout ai/Mtraca, English money: said to be called from king Darius. So the

sample, specimen, proof. SeUvvfu (nee Verbs in -fu), and 5kvvia, to show, point out; explain

GREEK VOCABCLABY.
ttiX-6s,
ij,

183

i,

ojwardlj; wretched;

worthle&s; miserable. Aeot'-as, ov, m., Dinias, an Athenian.

5cu'-6y,
)},

dia^cJru (see pabnJj, to pass over or through, to cross.

htaftywwCKU
tinguish;

6w,
;

dreadful,

terrible,

(see ftyvuxTKai^, to disresolve, decide; give

calamitons
Seirp-oy,
ov,

mighty,

powerful

judgment.
StdSrifui, SiaS-^pMT-os, n.,

clever, skilful.
n.,

a band or

a meal; the chief

fillet (for tlie

head), a diadem,

meal, dinner. (Lat. coma.) indecl. numeral, ten. hivbp-oy, ov, n., a tree. 5efi-<, a J, f., the right hand: 5ef t^ on the right. de|i-6s, d, 6f, on the right hand ; hence^ fortunate, lucky, favourable. Seofuu, F. be-qcroficu, to need, be in want of ; beg. ask. Sipw, F. Stpd, 1 aor. fSet/xt, 2 oor.

5ta^it-i7,

17J,

/. {5iaTl&T}iu),

a dispotesta-

Mko,

sition

(of property), will,

ment ; a covenant
Siatp-4w,
-fyru

(see

cdpiti^,

to take

one from another, separate ; divide,

cut in two, distribute
ZiatT-a.,
T/s,
;

distinguish.
;

/., life,

way of life
an

food

dress; maintenance.
SiaiTT]T--qs,

oO,

m.,

arbitrator,

umpire.
SidKOP-iu,
'fjcu,

/.

iSdpnrp^, with wi/. 5a^>^tu, to take off the skin, flay; to beat,

to be a Siaxofos,

ue., to wait on, serve;

to supply,

cudgel [lUe our phrases, to tan,

administer.
SidK6(Ti-oi, ou, a,

emd

to hide).
ov,
;

two hundred.

Sf<rr6T-r}f,

m., a lord, master,

StaXafffditj (see Xay^cbw], to escape

notice, lie hid.

autocrat

owner.
time)
; :

Sfvrep-oi, a, OP, the second, latter of

SiaXiyv

two

(as to

inferior (as to

rank and position)

second time.
54(0,

ix Sevripov, a

(see X^w), to pick out, choose, distinguish: mid. to converse with, to discourse ; argue.

F.

3ij<rw,
1

Sibeftai,

SiSeKO, P. pass. aor. pass. thiOrff, to

p.

SioXiij (see Xi^), to loose from one another, unravel; break up; dis-

bind, tie;

fetter,

imprison.

9^

now;
now.

(shortened from 4^), adv., already: in narrative, well

''5i;Xoi>

miss ; put an end to, destroy. Siararr6s, i.e., Sid rcvrit, tlirougfaout, always. Siaropdfieita, to ferry over, transport. Suurr-dbi, daofuu, p. Sifffiraica, to
tear in pieces
;

brjkovint

5rt),

adv., clearly,

to distract.

evidently.
iriK-bi,

6m, also 6s, 6s, 6v, clear, -fi, evident, conspicuous.

Suurrpiiyyv/u, and -vw. f. Sutorpdata, to spread, lay out (as couches,

or chairs).
Siare\4w, to finish, accomplish. huirifUKit, Siarefiu, to cut through, to cut in twain, sever.
SultI
[i.e., 8{& tQ, wherefore. (LaL tpiamobrem). Siarpi^i^, rjs, /., a. wearing away; waste of time, delay. Sia^pw (see (p^pa, to carry across; bring to an end ; carry different

5i}X-6<i>,

biau, to
;

make

clear,

make

evident, &c.
Arifjii^rip,

to declare.
/.,

Ai}fi.riTp6s,

{Ceres),

goddess of

com

Demeter and of

a^cnlture.
ii

for 5u.

5t(,

prep, governing the gen. and (1.) With the gen., through and through, quite through; (of time), through, daring; (of cause), arising through, by means of. (2.) "With the accus. (1 and 2 poetie), with the same meanings. SiA rarrSs, always.
accus.

ways : intrans. to differ ; excel. Siaipevyw, to flee throush, escape. huKftOdpti, SuKpdepCj, SUipOtipKa, to
destroy utterly. HMffKoK-os, ov, m. and/, a teacher.

184
SiSd(TKU},
F.

GREEK VOCABULA.RY.
SiSd^u, to teach
:

mid.

8o\ix65et/5os,

os,

ov,

long-necked,

to

have one taught

for one's self

e.g., to get one's children taught. SlSvfi-oi, 7], ov, also OS, ov, double, twofold, twin. SiS<j}/j.i (see Verbs in -fu), to give, grant, offer. Siepevvdu}, tjcu), to search through, examine minutely. SLrjyr]fia, dnjyrjfjMTos, n., a tale, nar-

having long necks. 56^i-or, ov, m., [domus^ a building,

house.
ZbvaK-os, m., a reed; dart; writing-reed (pen). 5()^-a, r]s, /., an opinion; estimation, good report honour, glory. dop-d, as, /., a hide of a beast, (when taken off.)

Siyal,

rative.
5ucrTr]/j.i
<rT7}<T(j),

S6pv, gen.
(see Vei-hs in -/m],
f.

Sm-

hence,

the

86paT-os, a stem; tree; shaft of a spear; a

to act the slave; be

to divide, cause disunion

spear.
Sov\eij-u), ffu,

in pass,

to stand apart, to differ,

;

disagree
5iKai-os,

to stand at intervals.

5j/cdfw, diKaffd}, to judge, determine.

a,
ov,

subject to; obey. 5ov\-os, 01, m., a slave,

dpaxM-'f], v^,/.,

bondman.

attentive to rules;

upright; scrupulous, honest, just; well merited. 5iKa(TTi^pi-ov, ou, n., a court of justice judgment-seat. Aio7^^-7;s, eos, w., Diogenes, the famous Cjnic philosopher. Aiovvai-os, ov, m., Dionysius, tyrant of Syracuse. 5i6rt, coi/.,^Std [tovto] Sti, because that, since wherefore, (in indirect
;

a drachma, a silver coin worth about 9^d. Spdo}, F. Spdaw, to do, fulfil, perform.
Svpa/jLai, F.

hw-fjaofiai. (see iffxafiai.

Verbs in -fu), to be strong, to be to sigable; to be equivalent to nify (mean). SOvafM-is, ews, /., power, strength,
;

ability.

SvvaT-6s,
Svo,

-f),

6p,

mighty, able, strong;

Svoiv (see p. 53),

sentences.)
dltrovs, diiroSos,

(of things) possible.

two-footed

two

feet

gen.

and

dat.

long.
5^s,

two.
A^(nrap-Ls,
Su&TTjv-os,
tSos,

adv., twice.

unlucky

Paris

6i\t'(w

(contracts ae, &c. into?;, not a):

Si'tprjv,

(Alexander).

be parched. Siu^w, Scw^o/ia^, to pursue, drive away. Sfiibs, 5/iw6y, m., a slave taken in war; a slave, attendant, domestic SoK^u, F. 56fw, to think, expect,
inf.

to thirst, to

SidiKoj,

hunt

wretched, unov, OS, unfortunate. 2 aor. fSvv, to put on, (as clothes, armour, &c.) ; to enter (a house, country). SuSeKa, twelve.

happy
F.

Sijw,

S6ff(i3,

imagine
l)car
:

intrans.

to

seem, apit

dw/ia,

ddb/juiTos,

, a house;

chief

impers.
it

BoKfi,

seems

room,

hall.

good,

pieces.

Svp-ov, oVf n., a gift, present.

E
fdv, conj.

(contracted into
if,

Ijv,

and

self,

itself:
p.

in Attic, du),

if
is

good writers
iavT-oO,
ijs,

it

perchance. In always joined

her-

which see
avTovj.

foi reflex, pron., 56, (contracted into

p.

with the .subjunctive mood.

ov,

idu,

F.

idffu,
;

etaKa,

to allow,

of himself,

permit

let alone, let pass.

GREEK VOCABULAEY.
tyyvdu,
pledge
lyKavfjui,
;

185
numeral
adj. (see pu 53),

T. --^(rw, to

give over as a

tXi, fiUt, tp,

to plight, betroth.
els

one.

iyyvs, adv., near, at hand.

iyKovfJUiT-oi,
n.,

or

is,

prep, governing aeeus, onbff

a mark

into, to, towards.

etffeifu,

made by burning
&C.),
ing.

into (the flesh,

to

go

into.

(See et/u.)

a brand; a sore firom burnov, m.,

:

ttaipxpfuu (see Ipxofuu), to go into,

enter.
(firom obsolete verb elSht, or etSu), F. of ttSa (which see. Irregular Verbs), I shall know. (See also eZ3ov.) elfforrpl^ofiai, to look into a mirror. elff^pui (see 4^pu) eUrolab), &e., to bring or carry into to contribute ; to introduce, propose. cTra [deinde), adv., then, next, in the next place; then, therefore [ita.) ttre [el ri), conj., whether. iic (before a vowel ^, from out of, away from out of, forth frt>m from. ?K<WT-oj, ij, OF, every, every one each {quisque). endrep- oi, a, , each of two; each
etffofiai
;

^K^^aX-oj,

within the head

(^aX^
iyx^<^,
f-

hence, the brain.

oor- 6^ea, to water, wine, &c) fyX'O^j foj, n., a spear, lance, pike;

^7XeWi

pour

in,

(as

sometimes even a sword. eyu, gen. i/tw, I (see p. 54).

ego.

Lat.
least,

lyuye (Lat equidem), I

I for

at

my
(or

part.

idfKu
will,

e^u),

F.

ieiKfyrv,

to

be willing; to wish, desire. eZ, conj., if; whether (in questions). Used with indicative and optative moods. fiSevcu. (See oZ3a in Vocabulary and
in Irregular Verbs.)
eI9or,

used as 2 aor. of bp6ju (which

by

himself.

6ee);*u^/. tSo), opt. tSoi/u, imperat.

'ExdT-17, rjs,/., Hecate, goddess of

part. iSuv, inf. IScTf, to see, behold ; to lok at. ttOe (Lat utinam), interjection, O
lii,

that,

ewcdiw, F.
to

would that. eUdau, p. pass,

like,

j/cacr/uu,

make

liken

compare

the lower world and of magic ^/r^aXXw (see /3aXXa>, to throw out to throw away ; banish, cast oat or away ; reject iKSiSdaKca (see 5t5<i<rjcw), to teach thoroughly ; inform accurately
(edocere.)

conjecture.

tUds, gen.
particip.

eiK&ros, neuter of per/,

iKiubfv

(see 3u6kci>), to

chase away;

of eLco [ioixa], likely, probable, reasonable : as a subsL T& eUdi, probability, likelihood. etKOffi {indeclinable numeral}, twen(See p. 54.) eU&TUi, adv., in likelihood, naturally; reasonably, with good reason.
ty.

to banish.
iKel, ado., there, in that place (tZ7ic).

ixeWep, adv., from that place, thence

[Ulinc).
ifeip-'os, Vy o til**

person there; that

(like

well-known person
iKOfpfi-cupu,

Lat

ille.)

-ai^,

to

warm

tho-

roughly.
iK0opmj(uu, aor. i^iOopor, to leap out of, or forth. iKKoJO-alpu, F. -apv, to cleanse out purify thoroughly.
F.
oi, /., an assembly, or public meeting ; also, the place of meeting, assembly haU. iKKo\d-TTu, -if/it), to scrape oat, erase ; peck out^ hatch.
iKKkriffl-a,

EtX^^w-o,
of birth.

aj, /.,

Ilethyia, goddess

ixSpwcKW,

tlfd (see Irregular Verbs), to be.

f^

(see

pres. used go-

Irregular Verbs), to go by Attics as/ut I shall

drop, used as aor. of tpijfd. (See Irregular Verbs.) r)s.J., peace, time of peace. ^VV^,

186

GREEK VOCABULARY.
ifi^alvo)
(see
;

{K\av9dv<a (see \av0dvu), to escape notice entirely in mid. to forget

:

^alvw),

to

go
to

into,

enter
into

embark.
(see
;

utterly.
iKTri/xiru) (see iriinroS), to

i/jL^dXXo)

jSdXXw),

throv/

send forth,

or out, or away.
iKireravvv/Mi,, F. iKireriau}, to stretch

to excite, inspire put in ; introduce to fall upon, attack.

;

i^i^pbvrrjT-os, os, ov,

forth play.

spread

out,

unfold,
to

dis-

(attonitus); as a svhst.
^/i-6s,

thunderstruck crazy (fool).

:

iKplTTTO)

(see piirTui),

throw out
stretched

possessive (], bv, my, or mine pronoun from {'kytl)] i/iov.

aor. ivivpijcra, to kindle,

or away, cast forth.

^ktolStju

ip.Tri7rpr]ij.i,

{iKTelvw),
full length.

adv.,

out at
KTidT]ixi

(see TldTjfii),
;

to set forth,

put out

iKTV(p\-6ui, F.

expose, exhibit. -<Ii(Tii), to render enm., Hector, son

frigliten

on fire, burn. The pres. ought to be ifj.irinTrpT]fii, but the second is omitted to avoid the recurfj. rence of the /ti sound. So i/iTrlTrXrjfu, and not ^/xTrfjttirXij/ii.
set
iniriirrb) (see vLtttu),

tirely blind.
'Ektoj/), 'EKTop-ot,

to fall ijito

to

liglit

upon

fall

in

with

of Priam, king of Troy.

iK<f)0^-iia,
T^trw,

happen.

to

away,

ifiirXiKO}, P. ^yUTrX^lw,

to
;

weave or
entangle.

terrify

i\aTT-6u},

pass, to be afraid. ticrw (or iXaaadoi,

plait in,

to intertwine

from
less,
off,

ilxirpoaOev, or ifiirpoaQe (before con-

i\dcrau)v, smaller), to
:

make

sonants), adv., before, in front of;

earlier, sooner.

diminish pass, to come worst be defeated be diminished. iXarjvu, F. iXdcro}, Attic i\w,
;

Sometimes

it

is

a pirep. and governs jrcn., before.

to

(Lat. ante.)
inf. of 2 aor. ind. ivicpayov (the used^^jres. being iaBlu, which see), to take some food ; feed upon, eat, devour. iv, prep., governing the dative only, in (i.e., being within); on; at or by, (near) : iv 5dirv(i), at dinner: iv oivifi {inter pocxila), at wine.
i/itpayeiv,

drive,

set

in

motion

ride

ad-

vance, (as an army on march.) IXa^-os, ov, m. and/., a deer, (stag or hind.)
iXe-iw, F. -tJcw, to pity, feel compassion for; show mercy to.
i\r)jj.ocnjy-r],
rjs,

/.,

pity,

mercy;

alms.
'KKiv-T],
Tjs,

/.,

Helen, wife of Mene-

laus, carried off

by Paris.
mercy, com-

fKe-os,

ov,

m., pity,

ivaXXd-TTO), or ivaXXd-aao), v. -fw, to give one thing in exchange for another, to barter, to change.
ivdXXo/xai, F. ivaXod/j.ai, aor. ivijX(and so like td/j,r]v, to leap on,
sidtare, in Lat.,) to leap

passion.

iXivdepos, a, ov, free, free-spirited liberal, generous.

i\ev$p-6u, F.
release.

on cona,

(iffw, to free, set free,

temptuously
ivavrla, adv.
o;'),

to rush at.
pi.

[n.

of ivavrlos,

iXdelv, iXdiLv, &c., 2 aor. of lpxofJ.ai,

over

against,

opposite

to

to

come

go.

'EXXt]v,

'EXXas, 'EXXd5-oj, /., Greece. "EXXtjj'-qj, m., a Greek "EXXrjces, the Greeks. 'EXXr]viK-6s, ri, bv, Hellenic, Greek. (Xni^u), V. iXiriaw, Attic iXxiQ, to liope expect think, suppose. i/iuuToD, ^s, ov, myself. (See p.
;

the face, in the presence of. ^vai^w, to kindle, set fire to. ivbov, adv., within, in; in the house,
at

home

[domi].
oi,

hSo^-os,

of high fame; ov, honoured glorious. ivSuco, and ivSvvu, v. iv56aoftax (see
;

56.)

enter. 5ya>), to pit on, clothe (see elfi^, to be in or at ivetixi

;

GREEK VOCABULARY,
{used impersonally), it is it is in one's power. ; EvcAca, prep, with gen., on account of; for the sake of (like causa
(vtffTi

187

possible

i^iraa-is, ews, /., a drawing out in line; scrutiny; review.

i^evplffKu,
i^evp-ffaw,

aor.
;

i^evpov,

to find out, discover

i^oi,S-i(i},

ivda,

becaase of. ; thereupon ; just then : as relative, where. here ; there ; ivddde, adv., thither
Lat.)
;

and grattd in
adv.,

F.

r^ffti),

win. to be swollen up

then

perf. part. i^oveid-l^w, F. Uru, Attic tw, to cast up to a person, tatmt with, rei^ifSriicdis,

now.
ivOovat-d^u), dffu [hfOeot], to be in-

proach.

spired, possessed {jy a be in ecstasy

ifiavT-Si, ov, m., a year.
evi-oi, cu, a, pi.,

god

to

[f^fOTt], power ; permission, authority. #^w, adv., on the outside, without

i^ovffl-a, ay,

beyond.
(oiKa,

some. ivLorre, adv., sometimes. (voiK-io), ijcrw, to dwell in. ivoTrX-os, oj, ov, in armour, armed.
ivoxX-4o},
-qaii),

2 perf.

from
:

old stem,

efjcw,

to

be

like

particip.

ioiKws,

imperf.

ip>dr)(\ow

double augment), to give annoyance to ; trouble, annoy,

(with
pester.

shortened into cIkus, eUvTa, eUds, (see eUSi, Ln Vocahulary,) to be, or to look like ; to be probable, to stem.
At' for
to
iirl.

iTTq-Su (see #5w), to sing to or

;

over
to

ivravda, adv., here

there

at the

harp upon
;

inculcate.
4<ro/Mi,

very time

then.

hraiv-iu,

f. iaa, mid.

ivriKko) (the active seldom used, the mid., ivriWofjiai, being almost

approve

praise,

commend.

iwaiv-os, ov, m.,

approval, praise,

lift up, raise, elevate, exalt ; rouse. luxuriate or revel in to make sport of, mock. 'Yiirafiivuvb-as, -ov, m., Epaminondas, a famous Theban general. i^, prep, with gen., used instead of iK before vowels, out of; without, ivavipxop-ai (see fpxofiai], to come or go back return. (See iK.) &c. i^aip-^w, Tjcro), 2 aor. ^|et\oi', to iirapK-iu), F. iffu, to ward off, detake out or away, remove. fend hinder be enough for. f^aiT-io), Tiau), to demand from aniirax0iii'<J, to load, burden with. other to beg (a person) off to iirel, conj., since ; seeing that. obtain by asking. hreiZdv [iireiSr] S.v], conj., as soon

always employed), to enjoin, command.

;

panegyric eiralpo), F. IvapQ, to

iirrpv<p-d<i), F. "qau, to

i^avloTTjfii
larij,

in VocabuIrregular Veris), to raise up, rouse excite mid. to change one's abode or residence. i^fifii, to go out ; come out. t^eifjLi, impersonal forms only tised e.g.. i^eoTLV, it is allowed. i^ekavvo}, i^eXdau, to drive forth. (^e\iy-X<j}, F. |w, to search out try ; convict and confute.
(see tanjfu,

as,

whenever.
[iirel 5i}), conj.,

and

ivei.^
that.

since; seeing

ivecra [iirl elTa), thereupon in the next place then therefore. iirevSvvo}, or -Svui, to put on {wie part of dress or armour) over {an;
;

other).

iwfpelSo}, F. iirepelau, to press, or

i^eirlTi^S-i,

adv., on
(see

set

purpose
to

hence, maliciously.

iirl,

drive against j^''^^- to lean on, press against. prep., governing accusative, geni;

i^ipXo/Mii

fpxofiat),

go or
1

tive,
it

and

dative.

(1.)

With accus.

come
(128)

forth.

indicates

motion towards of

188
against,
(2.)

GREEK VOCABULAEy.

to,

With

(7eJi.,

towards, against. rest or motion,

to

forget

mid.

to

forget,

lose

thought

of.

upon, at, near. (3.) With dat., nearness to, in or at (a time or place), for (a purpose.) hri^aivcj (see ^t^lixix], to go upon, tread upon arrive at to mount
; ;

iwiXiyu} (see X^w), to say in addition ; to choose, select.

iwi/xeXus, adv., carefully.
iTrifj.7]xavdo/j,ai,

to

devise

plans

against, plot.
iirnripLTTO},

upon
upon

embark.
(see
/SciXXco),
;

to send after or again

;

iinp\\ii)
;

to

throw

send against
iirnrXdTTU)

let loose.

add to
;

attack.

(or

irXdcrtrw),

F.

ivi-

iTTifidr-T]^, ov,

m., one

who mounts;
;

vXdcdi, to spread a
iiriaK^^o/xai,
r.

jjlaster on.

a rider
iiripodu),

a passenger

a marine
to
call

iirurK^TTTOfiaL (better hrtaKoir^u}), p.

iiriaKe/Mfiai,

(soldier).
P.

to
at,

ivi^oiicronai.,

look upon,
iirKXKw-irTU,
jeer,

visit,
P.

upon, shout to; invoke.

cry out against;

-^^w,

examine. to laugh
of.

make game
enjoin,
to.
71$,

iiripovXei-oj, F. -ffu, to devise plans

hriariXXta, P. iiriaTeXQ, to send to;

tell
;

against one, to plot

for.

lay snares

command
/.,

give in

charge
OS,

iirl^ovX-os,

op,

plotting; treach-

ivi(TToX--f},

a commission;

erous, stealthy; designing.

iTriyeXd-u}, -(TOfxai, to
I'ide;

a
^t,

letter, epistle.

laugh
,

de-

iiTKJTpi- <}>(>}, p.

smile

to.

iiriylyvo/xai (see ylyvo/xaCj

after, liappcn after
iiriypdijxj)
;

to

como
to.

accrue
to

\j/<i), to turn towards, mid. and pass, to turn one's self towai'ds ; to turn round ; to care for.

turn

(see

scratch;

ypd<pw), write upon;

graze,
in-

iiriTapd-TTO)

(or -(r<rw),

F.

-fw,

to

mark;

trouble yet more, give additional

(extra) annoyance.
iiriTelvd), p. iTTiTevCi,

scribe, engrave; write down, enroll.

ein5eiKVv/j.i (see

Irregidar Verbs), to
off,

to stretch out
;

exhibit,

show

display.
Ferbs), to
;

upon

ewiSiSufii (see Irregular

on a frame) to tighten to urge on, excite to increase

(as
;

give in addition ; to give freely to give one's self up to, devote to.
iineiKU)^,

to strain after.
lTru-lOt]Hi, to
to,

lay

by or upon

to put

well

fairly; tolerably; pretty much.

rjiTCj,

pretty

iTriro/i-os, OS, ov,

^L^7]r-iu],

to seek after;

wish

suggest ; attack. cut off; shortened ^ iiriTo/MOS (soil. 656s), the short
;

add

for, desiderate.

road.

iwiOea-is, ews, /., application. ewiKadi^ii), to set upon intrans. to

:

iinTpix<^!

F.

iiriOpi^ofxai,

or
;

^7rt-

dpa/JLOvfiai, to

run

to or after

fol-

sit

upon.

low

attack.
-'fiffd),

to call on or to -i(7(x), appeal to; invite; invoke; to call by a surname. hnKK(h6(t), P. iTLKK(!}(T(i), to spin to one, (as the Fates;) to allot, de-

iiriKoK-^u,

iiTKpwv-io},

to

mention by

name

to add, .subjoin.

iiTLxeip-iuj, -i^o-w,

to put one's

hand

to; attempt,
iTrd/JLVV/ii,

endeavour.
F. iiro/iov/jLai, to
;

and -vu,

cree, destine.

swear
to
:

to (do a tiling)

to

swear

in

hrCKafi^dvw

(see Xafi^dvoj),
;

re-

confirmation.
ipdo}, to love.

ceive in addition to attain mid. to hold on by seize ; to tack, (as of battle or disease.)
;

in
at-

ipydi^op-ai, p. -d(rofjL<u, v. etpyacrftai,

to

work, labour

do,

pcrfonu

iiriKavOifO} (sec \av6du(ii), to

make

effect.

GREEK VOCABULABT.
fpyo^,
f'pfftj,

180
WF, oy, of
;

ov, n.,

a work; deed; thing;

to strive

evyvwfi-(i>j>,

matter,
F. iplffu,
;

fair

charitable

good feeling; reasonable.

to be in

quarrel

evdoKifi-iui,

F. -i7<rw,

good

vie with.
?pi-op, ov, n., Ipis,

wool.
/.,
[accus.
;

IpiSoi,

fpiSa,

or

Ipif,) strife,

rivalry

quarrel.

As

a proper name, The Goddess of

Contention.
Ipiip-os, ov,

nu and/., a young goat,

m.,

a kid.
'E/>/i^s,

ov,

Hermes

(Mercury),
is

messenger of the gods. [ipofiat], for which ipurdu

used
ipri-

by the Attics

as pres.

fut.

ffonau aor. ijpbfrqv, to ask, inquire. (See ipw.)

(epxi/fw) , aor. etfnrvaa, (the

used by Attics, who ipirv) to creep, crawl.

tpirci),

only part preferred

estimation ; to be honoured, respected famous. evfpyer-4<i), f. -iJcw, to be a benefactor do well ; do good to, show kindness to. evepry^-tji, ov, m., one who does well to others, a benefactor. evTj^ei-o, ay, /., goodness of heart simplicity; honesty; also, folly. evdap<r-T^s, ijy, ^y, of good courage; daring. xi6T-iu, F. --fyru, to set in order, arrange duly or well. djOvfi-oi, OS, OF, cheerful ; spirited, of good spirits. evOvfWTep-ov, adv., n. of compar. oj preceding, more cheerfully.
; ;

inxperf. ttpirov, to

go slowly
P. iki^Xuda,

eid-&s,

fia,

ii,

straight, direct

as

creep, craw].
IpXofJiaL,

adv., evdvs, directly, straightway;

F.

iXevffOfiaL,

straight

^\6ov (for ilXvOov], to come ; go, go away. epu [fut. of old pres. etpw), to be about to speak ; proclaim say promise, &c. the per/, is etpTjKO.
aor.
; ; :

towards. evOvs [adv.) properly refers to time, and ev&i

[adv.) to place.
Tjy,

ifiey^0-7]s,

es,

of good size;

large, great.
evfii^K-Tjs,
tall,
7]S,

s,

of good length;

p.

pais.

etpTjfioL.

long.
OS,
;

tpas, iporr-os, m., love, aflfection. a proper name, Eros (Cupid),

As
god

Cfiop<fy-os,

ov,

of good form,
of

well

made
oy,

comely.
op,

of love.
du, -ijffw (see (pojxaCj, inquire.
ipwriK-6s,
"fi,

eSoafjL-os,

good
easily

smell

to ask,

fragrant.
eihrop-os,
oy,

ov,

passed
ingeni-

b,

of or belonging to

through;
ous;
eiirpdyl-a,

easy;

steady;

i% or
iadid),

love; amorous; amatory. ety, prep, \cith accits. onhj, into; unto, towards.
F.

inventive.
oy, well-doing; welfare,

success.
evplffKw,
p.
ei'priffti),

iSofiat,

p.

idi^doKa,

P.

aor. eZpop,

to

pass.
to eat.

iSriStcrnat.,

2 aor. i<f>ayov,

find, discover;
'Ei/pv^idS-Tj^,

tralp-os, ov, m., a

companion.

commander
one
Salamis.
'EvpvSix-ij,
ijy,

invent; obtain. ov, m., Eurybiades, of the Spartan fleet at

/.,

trep-os, o, ov [alter), the other;

of
frt,

two

the second
still
;

different,

Eurydice, wife of
;

adv., yet,
Ti,

froT^u-oj,

Of,
;

henceforth. or oy, os, of, ready,

Orpheus.
eip-is, eta, 6, sive.

wide, broad

exten-

prepared
t7',

certain, sure.

tr-oi, eoy, n., a year.

evrikei-a,

ade. (&ene), well.

nomy;
;

as, f., cheapness ; ecofrugality; shabbiness.

f 5y (e5,

7^

adv., well

weU done

eimrx^o}, to be successful,

have gooil

bravo.

luck, turn out

welL

190
tii(ppalv(a,

GREEK VOCABULARY.
V.
:

ei><f)pavQ,

to

inspirit

i<})l<rTri(ii,

F. iirKXT-fiau (see trrrj/xi),

gladden

pass, and viid. to

make

to place
:

upon

to set over, by, or

enjoy one's self. eiKpvQs, ingeniously cleverly. vow ei!/xoyu.at, f. ed^ofiai, to pray pay one's vows boast, speak proudly ; profess.
; ; ; ;

merry

near inlrans, to stand upon, by, or near; to impend; to stand

still, halt.

ixO-p6s, pd, p6v, hateful as a snhst., an enemy.

hostile

ei/tkvv/i-os,

OS, ov, of good name of good omen, lucky, fortunate (in reference to omens), on the left hand.

?XW,
2

F. i^ui,

or

ax'^'^'^}

^- ^o'X''?'^*)

aor.

iaxov,

toith

inf.

ax'^^v,

std)j.

<rxw, to <rx^''>
:

opt.

ffX'^^Vt
;

part.
kec])

have
to

hold
cling

tixiTxiui,

to entertain

in mid.
i<pi.inr-os,

sumptuously and pass, to fare sumptu;

know
gen.
ibiOev,

mid.

to,

with
in

ously, feast
OS,

relish, enjoy.
ov,

adv.,

on

horseback

the morning

from the morning; at dawn.

;

riding.

contracted fw, fijs, ff inf. impcrf. ^^wv, F. ^Tjfffi) (rare), to live; to be strong, be fresh and vigorous. Zei^s, voc. Zed, gen. Ai6s, accus. Ala, Zeus {.Jupiter, i.e., Zevs TraT-qp). l^rfKoTviriw, to be jealous of; to emulate to envy.
id.il},
:

7ii]v6(pavT-os, ov, m,,

Zcnophantus.

^rjv

Zrjvwy, Zw^^vos, m., Zeno, founder of the Stoic school of philosophy.

^rp--^u, F. rjffWfto seek, ask, search for.

^(jioyoviw,

to produce

propagate

(animals).

tQ-ov, ov, n., a living creature, ani-

mal.
fw/3-6s, is, 6p,

I^r]\'6<j, F. -tip-Co,

to

envy

imitate

pure
ov,

unadulterated,

rival.
I^rifu-6it3,

(of wine.)

F. (Lffw, to

cause damage to

I^oipdrep-os,

a,

compar. of fore-

one; to punish,

fine.

going.

H
fj,

(1.)

advers. conj.

(a?^^),

or

(2.)

^5??,

interrog. whether, (in indirect questions)

:

now;

adv. {Jam), already forthwith. &c., Attic for

before

(3.)

compar.

as,

than, (like

USt], fjSrjs,

-gSetv.

quam, in Lat.)
Jj,

i]5l-uv, wv, ov,

t/5oi'-tJ,
i]S,

adv., truly, verily, certainly: interrog. (like

it

an and num), pray,

to

is

ijd-vs,

eXa,

compar. of :^5i;i. f, pleasure, enjoyment. sweet pleasant i/, (of

; ;

really so ?
F.

men), kind, dear.

tJKO},

lead the tfyioiiai, Tiyf)(rop.ai, way, act as guide ; take the command of (troops) ; to suppose,

F.

^'^a>,

I I

have come, perf)

i]\lK-oi,
T),
;

am come; i.e., am here, (used as

imagine,
^SeLv,

(like ducerc,)

ov,

^Sets,

&c.

(Seo olSa,

and

great

as great as.

of what size ; how (Lat. qvantua.)

;

Irregular Verbs.)
ifiiui (^5i)), glndly, with pleasure.

^Xos, ov, knot.

m., a nail

stud

wart

GREEK VOCABTJLAPvY.
ilfi^p-a, ai, /.,

191
of a truth
;

r]fiepoSpofii-o},
i.e.,

a day. to be a ijfiepodpSfioi, a day runner, or courier ; to

01,
;)

ffwov,

adv.,

beyond a

post.
ijfjLep-oi,

ov,

or a,

ov,

tame, (of

doubt ; certainly. 'Hpo, as, /., Hera (Juno), sister and wife of Zeus. 'HpoKX-^s, contracted for 'HpoK\iT}s: voc. 'Hpa/cXetT, (contracted

animals
ijfi-rjv,

cultivated, civilized.

rjnirep-os, a, ov,

our

{noster).

imperf. mid. of eifd, to be.

rii,

ijfjLLTfX-'fis,

is,

half-finished,

(ap-

*Hpd/cXees,) and a shorter form,'H/)o/cXey : gen, 'S.paK\ieoi, contracted 'Hpa/cX^ovi, m.; Herafor
cles [Hercules.)
i}po}-s, TJpoi-os, tn.,

plied to a house
its

head

or,

which has lost perhaps, which is

ov,

childless.)
r]pil<l>\eKT-os,

a free-man
oj,

half- burnt,

tJTT-uv, uv, ov,

a hero, demi-god; warrior. or ijaawv, [irregvlar

scorched, singed. ijf, conj., with mbj. (for case that.

^veyKe.

cornpar.
iitf),
if,

of KaK6s,) less
;

in

weaker

inferior
ov,

"H<^ai<rT-oj,

lower; ; unequal to. m., Hephaestas

;

See

{<pipa.)

(Vulcan),

god of

fire.

G
6d\a}i-os,

m., an inner bed-room; store-room.

ov,
17 j,

room

Oepdiraiv-a,

171,

/., a waiting-maid,

maid-servant.
6epairev-<a, -ffu, to act as attendant

66.\a.TT-a [ddXaffffa),

/., the sea.

6<ivar-os, ov, m., death.

As a

pro-

pay court
Bep/i-cdv(o,

to

fawn on

flatter

per name. Death.

dappiu},

" dance attendance to."

to be

or Oapffiu, to be of good
;

courage
6app6v<j},

to be audacious

-avQ, to pass, be heated.

(in

warm, heat

daring, bold.

or dapcivw, or Opaxrivu,

to encourage, cheer

on

intrans.

6v, warm, hot ; hasty 1), temper.) ov, m., a kind of lupine. Bipfi-os,

Bepp.-bs,

take courage.
6apa-vs, -eta,
v.

6ip-os, eos, n.,

summer.
mother of

(See BpaoTui.)
davfidiffofiai,

BavpA^u

{-ia(ji\,

to

Qiris, QiriSos, /., Thetis, Achilles.

wonder, be astonished, at, to admire ; esteem.

9avpM<rr-6s,
ij,

marvel

QerraXl-a, oj, /., Thessaly a district of Greece.

Biw, F. Beijcofiac, quickly.
Qij^al-os, a, ov, to to

6v,

wonderful, marvel(but dicL, a

run

move

lous, strange.

6ed,

as, /.,

a goddess;

Theban, belonging
sharpen, whet
;

sight.)

Thebes

(in Boeotia).

view, behold, contemplate. B{\o3, dek-fiffij}, shortened form of idfKu, to will, be willing. 0ipA.s, dipixTos, or Oi/uSos, accus. 0ipj.v, law (of usage, like jvs and
OedopLai, OeiaopLox, to

Briyo), Bti^u), to

pro-

look at

voke.
Bi]K--q, ijs,/.,

a case, box, cheat.

B^p, 6ijp-6s, m., a wild beast, beast of prey ; a monster.

Biip-a, OJ,/., the
07ip-d(i), Bripdffu,

fas in
tocles,

Lat.), right.

Qpm7tok\-7\s,

Ms,
/.

ov,
17

m., Themisiovs, a famous Athenian. TO., God; a deity: and so

chase; eager pursuit. mid. B-rjpdaopML, to take part in the chase, hunt ; tfl

pursue eagerly.
6i]pVTiK-6s,-^, 6v, of or

Bebs.

belonging hunting ; fond of the chaae.

to

192
Orjpeio),

GREEK VOCABULARY.
to

hunt,

chase;

catch in

Opaff-is, eta,

i5,

bold, spirited
;

fool-

hunting.
6r)pL-ov, ov,

hardy [audax)

arrogant.

from
;

in

formation,

beast, animal

0r}pi(i}5-r]s, 7]S, ej,

(a diminutive but not in use,) wild beast. full of wild beasts

d-fip,

Oprjv-^oi, -Tjaos, to wail,

lament.

dvydT7]p, dvyarpds (for duyaripoi),

a daughter.
dvfj.-6s, ov,

m., the soul; life; breath;

;

brutal, savage, ferocious.

67](Tavp-6s, ov, in.,
;

spirit
(of

a store, treasure;

courage ; passion the kindly feelings;)

;

heart,

mind,

6vr](7K(i}

store-house chest. (from stem ^ai*-), P. Oavoxifxai, aor.

(intellectually.)

Wavov, to die
i},

perish.

SfTjT-ds, 6s, 6v, or

bv,

subject to

6vp-a, as, /., door, entrance, gate. Ovai-a, as, /., a sacrifice; victim.
Ovaid^-us, to sacrifice, offer a victim,

death, mortal,

human.

Bbpii^-oi, ov, m., noise, din, uproar,

or gift.
dvio, F. dv(ju), p.

clamour.

riOvKa, aor. pass.

;

Bpaaivw (see Oapptjvu)) to encourage, embolden pass, to be bold be

,
:

MOtjv, to make sacred offerings

sacrifice
;

celebrate.

confident in.

0d)s, Ooibs, VI.

or/., a jackal.

l6.op.ai, Idaofiai,

to heal, cure.

'Ivax-os, ov, m., Inachus, a river of

properly the fem. of larpiKbs, i\, bv, the medical medicine. art, surgery; larp-bs, ov, m., a surgeon, physician,
larpiK'^
[sell,

rtxyr)),

A rgolis.
'I'5-6s, ov,
l-mr-eiiis,

m., an Indian.

iuis,

m., a horseman, rider;

knight.
liriroK6p,-os, ov,

doctor.
ISr],
rjs,

/.,

Mount

Ida, near Troy.

groom.
tive
-ov,

It is properly

m., a horse-tender, an adjec-os, -or,

rSt-oy, a,

ov [also

-oi, -os, -ov],

one's

own; private;
of ftdov,
lep-eis,
ficer.

peculiar.

of two terminations, horse-tending.

m., a horse
{eciuitatus).
:

ISwv, Ideip, &c., 2 aor. part,

and

inf.

?7r7r-o$, ov,

lolien f.,

it

(See also opdco.) ius, m., a priest;

-6s,
:

means
sacri-

either a

mare, or a body of

cavalry
goddess.
t(r-os,
rj,

'I<rts, 'laiSos, /., Isis,

an Egyptian

lep-6s, a, ov {also -bi,

-bv), sac-

red,

as

2^i-

consecrated, holy rd iepd, subst, the victims; tiie in;

ov,

equal, fair, impartial

level, flat, (of ground.)

X(TTr}pn,

ternal parts of the victims

hence, the auspices.
'lOaK-^cn-os, a,
ov,

and

of or belonging

(see Irregular Verbs,) to cause to stand, set up, or erect; to set in order, or arrange to check,
;

to Ithaca {e.g., Ulysses.)

[Kav-6s,
7],

stop; rouse, excite; establish.

pres.j
active,
inipcrf.,

The
aor.

bv {^KW or Ikclvw), becom;

fut., and

ing,

suitable
;

sufficient

for

satisfactory
IXi-os,
ov, /.,

(of time,)

considerov,
n..

able, pretty long.

are transitive; the other tenses intransitive: the pres., in*per/., /ut., and 1 aor. mid., are
also sometimes transitive.
IcttI-ov, ov, n.,

and

"IKi-ov,

Ilium, Troy.
fra, conj., that; in

a web; cloth; sheet;

order that: as an
in

sail.

adv.

(of

place,)

what

place,

Iffxvpus, a/lv., strongly;

very maoh;

where ;

to

what

place, whither.

exceedingly.

GREEK VOCABULARY.
&<!,
adv.,
;

193

(from

tffoi,)

equally,

/X^s,
rX>'-oj,

oi,

fairly

probably (the chances be-

eoi,

m., a fish. n., a track,

foot'step;

ing equal), perhaps. 1^/cX-oj, ov, or 'l<piK\-rls, 4ous, m., Iphiclus, or Iphicles, father of
Protesilaus.

trace,

mark.
/., lo,

'Id), 'loOs,

daughter of In*-

chus.

K
K&yd,

and I. Kd.dfj.os, ov, m., Cadmus, a Phoenician, son of king Agenor, and brother of Europa. KaO', for Kard, before an aspirated
for Kal iyd,

(of time); anil hence, right time, crisis, season, occasion, opportunity.

sure

KoxTOt, adverhial ccmj.,

and

yet, yet.

vowel.
KaBaipoj, F. KaOapQ, to

make
n.,

clean,

Kdiw, or Ka.u, F. KOLicbi, and kojuaofujn, to kindle ; bum, scorch (of cold,) pinch.
KdKtivoi,

purify, cleanse, purge.

and he

for koI iKexvo%.

ill-fated;

Kadapfia,

Kaddpfiar-oi,
is

that
off-

which

removed by cleaning,

KaKoSaifMuv, u, or, happy, ^vretched.

/ca/c-6s,
i},

un-

scourings ; a castaway, outcast, worthless fellow. KaOi^ofiai, F. KaOeSovfuu, to set

one's
still
;

self down, encamp.

F.

sit

down;

sit

Ka0ij5(i},

Ka0T]v8ov,

KaOev^Tjaw, imperf. or iKadevbov, to lie

;

bad; ugly; cowardly; base, wicked, &c. KaKwi, adv., badly, ill; like a coward. KoXdw, F. KoK^ffw, {mid. ica\4aoftat), Att. KoXw, to call, invite, summon ; call by name.
6v,

down
still.

to sleep
p.

to sleep, rest, be
Att.

Ka\\idi}nlS-7}s, ov, m., Callidemides.

KaWl-wv, uv,
Kadlad},
sit

ov,

compar. of KoKbs,
beauty,
;

KaOii^w,

KaBiw, to
:

more
KdXk-os,
ness.

beautiful, &c.
(OS,

cause to

trans. to sit
Ka6lr]fii {Kard,

down, seat, set down, be seated.

trj/ju

in-

w.,

comeli-

see

trifii,

Irreg-

Ka\-6s,

-fi,

bv,
;

beautiful

seemly
a

ular Verbs), KaOrjcw, P. KaOeiKa, to send or let down ; to reach.

KaBiKviofiai, f.
KaOl^o/juii,
;

honourable
/caXtiSt-ov,

good. ov, n. (from kKu)s),

to

come
v.

down, reach to, touch strike. KaOiiTTafiai, and KaravirofjuL,

to fly

*cdX-j,

small cord. w, m.,

cable.

a rope, sail-rope,

KaTaTrnqcofJUii, aor. KaTerrdfiTjp,

koXCjs, adv., beautifully; well.

Kdfj.^,

down.
(see
Xarijfu,

for Kol

ifj-i,

and me.
nod, doze.
aor.
iKaftxv,
;

Ka6i(rrr]/ju

Irregular

Kafifi-iw,

for Karafiuu, f. -iJcw, to

;

Verbs), to set

down;

set in order,

close the eyes

arrange, (as soldiers ;) station, appoint ; establish, confirm : intrans.

to settle.
Kol, conj., and, also.

Kd/ivv,

F.

Kafiovfiai,

intrans. to be weary,

tired

to

be sick; work.

afflicted: trant. to labour,

Katv-6s,

i},

6t>,

fresh,

new; newly

K&v, for jco2 idp,

Kdireibrj, for Ktd

and

if.

Kaip-6i,

discovered; strange. ov, m., due proportion (of one thing to another); due mea-

eiretSiy,

and when;

and as soon
xdri, for

as.

kolI iicL,

and upon.

194
Kipd,
mit.
n.,

GEEEK VOCABTJLAHY.
used only in
the

nom. and

Ka.Ta.(TKev-d^<j),

P.
;

dou),

to prepare,

accus. sing., the head, top,

sum-

furnish

finish

adorn.

Karaaotpl^o/xai.,

to

overpower by
wheedle.

Ka(rrwX-6j, oO, m., Castolus, a city of Lydia. rar', for Kard. Kard, prep, governing gen. and accus., down, or downwards. (1.)

fallacies; outwit,

Karacxir-do), F. -data, to

draw or drag
ravage,

down.
Ko-Taaipu),

to

pull

down;

plunder.

With
ing.

gen.,

down from;
accus.,

down
to,

over; towards; against; concern(2.)

With
;

down

or along (opposed to d^rf); throughout ; in over at according to.

; ;

Karapalvu
descend.

(see ^alvw),

to

go down,

KarafidWo) (see ^dXXw), to throw down, strike down lay down, pay down.
;

Irregtdar Verbs), to put or lay down lay by, deposit lay aside mid. pay down. KaTa(f)ip(i}, p. KOTolffw, to carry or bring down; overtlirow, destroy. Karatpei-yu, p. -^o/xai, to flee for refuge, take refuge; escape. KaratpX^-yu, f. -^w, to burn down,
KararldTj/jii (see
; :

consume.
Kara<l>pov-iti), f. -t^ctw, to

think

down

KarayeXdci],
jeer.

f.

KaTayeXdcro/Jiat.,
at, deride,

to

upon;
spise.

i.e.,

to think little of, deews, /.,

i<rdi(o),

laugh down or

mock,

KaTa(pp6vr](r-is,

contempt
to

naTay-vv/M, p. xardf u, aor. Karia^a, to break down or In pieces, shatter; weaken.

overweening
Kareffdito
(see
{literally, eat

self-conceit.

eat

up,

Karaywrn^ofiai, KaTaywulcrofiat, Karayutou/j-ai, to struggle against ; overpower, conquer.

KaraSuli-Kd), f. -|w, or-^o/j,ai, to

Kar^X'^ ('Ce back, restrain

seize, arrest.

down,) devour. ^w), to hold down or

;

possess,

occupy

hunt
;

down
KaT-4.Sw,

pursue hard
v.-q.(T(i},

overtake

capture.
and-4<ro/xat, to sing

to; to deafen
KaraicXlvio,

by singing;
KaraKXipQ,
to
lie

to sing

Kdro) (Kard), adv., underneath, (opposed to &VU,] below ; (of time,) afterwards. KdrwOe, or, before a vowel, KdruCev, from below ; below, beneath.
Kavx-dofiai, f. -^(xo^iai, to loud vaunt, boast, brag.
;

in derision of one.
p.

speak

to
:

lay
in

down

cause

down

KeifjLai,

2d

sing.

Keicai.,

Bd, KeTrai,
;

pass, to recline at table.

F.

Kelcro/xai, to

be

laid

to lie, be

KaraXa/ipdvu, Ka.Ta.X-f)\j/ofiat., to seize upon; hold down; check; overtake, catch.

inactive.
Keipta,
p.

KepC),

to cut short, crop, to drive on, urge,

clip,
\f/(o,
;

shave.
-<TU3,

KaraXeliru, f.
Ibrsake,
Karaixd-u), -ffu,

to leave behind,

KeXeC-d), F.

abandon
to
;

allow.

impel
Kv-6i,

order,
6v,

close the eyes

-f),

command. empty fruitless, vain

;

drop asleep

nod, doze.

bereft of.

KaTairi/jL-irw, f.

-^w, to send down.

KaTairrjMd), to leap down iVom. *fara7rX^-TTU (or -irXi^cro-w), F. -^w, to strike down; astoun'd ; terrify.

KaravXavT-i^u),

p. -laa,

Att. -iw, to

Kepdwvfu, and -iJoi, p. Ktpdau, Alt KtpQ, to mix, mingle. Kipas, Kiparos [Kipus], n., a horn; bow wing of an army. Kepavv-6(i3, f. -ibaw, to strike with a
;

make very
Kardpar-oi, minable.

rich, enrich.
ov,

os,

accursed

abo-

KepStfi-os, a,

thunderbolt, to blast. w, bringing gain

crafty.

wily,

GREEK VOCABULAKY.
tipKOi, ov, y., the tail of a beast, [ovpi, is the more general term,
applicable to birds also.) 175, /., the headKfpr-0%, ov, m., a garden. Kr]p-6s, ov, m., bee's wax ; wax.
Ko\oi-6s, oO, m., a

195
jackdaw {gracultu).

Kf^oX-^,

k6\v-os, ov, m. [sinxts], the bosom; the fold or lap of a robe ; a bay. Ko\vft^-dcj, --^(Tu, to dive ; to jump
in

and swim.
r}s,

K6/j.-ri,

/., the hair

foliage of

mjpO-TTO), or -caw, f. r7pi/|w, to act

trees.

as

herald

make

proclamation,

announce.
Ki6ap-l^u),
F. -Iffw,

to play

on the
run

cithara or harp.
icwSweiJ-w, -ffw, to incur danger,

KO/d^W, F. KOfdffti, Att. KOfuQ, to take care of, tend, provide for; to carry, bear ; bring. Kovl^u, F. Kovtffu, to render dusty

a risk. Klv5w-oi, hazard.

Ku>-iw,
stir.

cover with dust. Korpl-a, as,/, a dunghill.

k(itt-(i}, k6\}/u,
oflF;

ov,

TO.,

danger,

risk,

to strike, smite;
forge.
to.,

chop

hammer,

F.

--fiau,

to

move,

excite,

K6pa^, KbpaK-os, crow.

Kbp-11,
17 J,

a raven, or

tiuiv, Klov-oi, m., a pillar ; sometimes, like <m}X7j, a grave-stone. xXa/u, Att. kK&w, f. Kkaiaofiat, to weep, lament, wail; to weep for,

/.,

a maiden, girl [pudla)

;

a daughter the eye.

doll

a pupil of

Kbpvs, K6pvO-os, /., a

helmet: aecus.

deplore.

Kkiapxo^i
K\fti>-6s,
1},

ov,

m.,

Clearchus,

Kbpvda, and Kbpw. icopv<t)-fi, Tjs, /., the head, top,

KOCfJL-i(t},

summit
oflf.

Greek general.
6p,

--qffu {Kbfffios),
;

to arrange,
set

glorious,

famous,

set in order
Kbfffi-os,

adorn

illustrious.
jcX^TrT-ijy, ov,

ov,

TO.,

order,

decency

m., a thief.
to steal;

kX^itt-w, f.

K\i-\f/-w, OT-0/j.ai,

KOTv\-rj,

cheat, beguile ; conceal ; do (a thing) in an underhand way.

/cX%}-os, ov,
lots
;

ornament, honour ; the world. 17s, /., a hollow vessel, cup the socket of a joint ; an Athenian liquid

measure
m., a
TO.,

half a pint.
hair-

m., a lot

drawing of
i.e.,

KovSeis, for koI ovSels,

and no one.
barber,

the thing allotted.

p.

Kovp-evs,

i(i)s,
;

kXip-'j},

kXwC},

to incline,

dresser

gossip.
ov,

lay down, to re; cline, lean ; draw to a close. K\iffl-a, as,/., a tent, hut; a reclining place, couch.
to

make

bend

Kox^^as,

a snail

vrith a

spiral shell.

Kpd^u, F. Kexpd^ofiai, aor. fKpaycp, to croak scream clamour.

; ;

icXoTr-Y), -rfi,

f., theft, firaud.

ov,

Kpdvl-ov, ov, the skull.

KpaT-iti), T^ffw, to

rotXoj,

t},

hollow,
Itill

hollowed,

be strong, power-

concave.
Koifi-d(j),'--{)<T<i),

ful

to rule

conquer.

to

to rest or sleep

in pass, to fall asleep ; lie rest; die.

Koit>-6s,
1},

abed,
public,
inter-

Kp^as, Kpiaros, Att. Kpiws, flesh, a carcass.

6v,

common,

general.
KoivuvL-a, as,/.,

communion,
to

course, fellowship.
Ko\dio},
if6Xo^,
f.

KpdTToiv, uv, ov, irregular eompar. of ayaObs, stronger; braver; better ; too great for. Kp4fjia/iai, pres. pass, and mid. of following.
Kpe/juivwfu,
^s, ^, to
KpidT^,

KoXdffOfjLcu,

check

Kpe/juiffu,

Att.

Kpe/ui,

chastise, punish.

KdXaK-os, m., fawner, parasite.

flatterer,

17s,

hang up, suspend. /..barley ; generally used

in

j)l.

Kptdal.

196

GREEK VOCABULAKY.
KijXi.^,

Kplvfa, F. KpivQ, aor. ^Kpiva, to sepa-

KivXiK-os,

n cnp, drinking

judge, decide. Kpi'bs, ov, m., a ram; battering-ram. KDLT-r\s, ov, m., a judge, umpire.
rate, divide; select;

vessel.

Kpor-iu3,

-^<t(j3,

to

make to

rattle

to

k6pmt-os, n., the swell of the wave, billow. Kvvr)y-6s, ov, dog-leading ; a hunKvfjLa,

sea,

strike together, clap (hands.)

Kp6-os, eos,
frost.
n.-i

ter.

cold,
to

chilling cold
hide,

K&ireW-ov, ov,
Kijpi-os, ov,

n.,

a beaker, cup

bellied drinking-vessel.
F.

Kpii-VTO),

-ypu,

cover,

conceal.
KTev-ij^O}, -IcTO), to

comb, curry.
n.,

KTTJ/xa, KTrjfiaTos,

jiroperty
pilot

jil.

Kv^epv7)T--r}s,
;

ov,

a possession, wealth, goods. m., a steersman,

m. a lord, master, ruler guardian. m., Cyrus. Kvpos, ov, Ki'uv, Kvv6^, m. ory., a dog or bitch.
,
.

KLbp.-7],

r]s,

/.,

a village,

country

town.
Kii)v-<i}\p,

guide.

-wjroy, TO., a gnat, or

mos-

KiiKKuxf/, Ki^kXwtt-os, m., a Cyclops,

quito.
Kd>iT-7], 77s, /.,

or one-eyed monster.
Kv\iv8-i(i),
roll, roll

a handle.
blunt, obtuse
;

F.

-)7<TW,

for Kv\lv5c>}, to

Kucp-ds,
deaf.

-f),

bv,

dumb

along.

A
A<7-os, ov, m., Lagus, a Macedonian, father of Ptolemy, king of
tice,

to

he unseen, unknown, bt

concealed.
Xa-6s, ov,
TO. {Aft. Xt(iy, Xeti), the people at large; a people, tribe, or

Egypt
\ay-(bs, Xa7t6,
to.,

a hare.

\a.dpd, adv., secretly, stealthily, un-

nation.

treacherously. It is \ai-d, Sj, y., the left hand. properly the/cTO. of Xat6y [Iccvus),
to,

known

\^aip-a, 7]^,/-, a lioness.

Xi^/Sijs,

'Ki^ip-os,
;

TO.,

a caldron, or
;

kettl; urn

vase.

and

is

almost entirely confined to

X^w,

poetry.
Xai/i-6y, ov, m., the throat, gullet.

F. X^|w, to lay lay in order, arrange; choose, jiick out; count, tell; say, speak: X^eroi, inqters.,
it is

AaKeSaip-bvL-oi,

ov,

m., a

Lacedae-

said.
Xeip.wi'-os,
to.,

monian, a Spartan.
Xasr/f-w,
F. XaKrlffO), to

\eifi<S)v,

meadow;
smooth
P.

tliehec'l;

kick with tranipleon; knock, beat.

holm.
XeF-or, a, op, also -oj, -oj, -ov,

XaX-^w,
ter
;

babble, cliatto indulge in incessant trifling

F. T^crw, to talk,

(Lat. la;vis, or Icvis), level.

\eliru3,

F.

Xei^u),

aor.
;

fKivov,
;

talk.

XAonra,
cient.

to leave

fail

be

defi-

\d.\-oi, OS, ov, talkative, babbling.

Xafx^dpu, F. \-i']\f/o/xai, v. ei\7)(pa, aor. O^a^ov, to take ; receive catch, overtake, get; apprehend.
\ap,w-ds,
\afMirdS-os, /.,
d,
ov,

AeopTip-os, ov,
Xt7rT-6s,

TO.,

a native of Leonto peel), peeled

clear,

tium, in Sicily.
)},

61* (X(?7rw,

a torch,

off; licnce, fine, thin, lean.

lamp.
\afnrp-6s,
bright, brilliant,

\evK-bs,

-fi,

6p,

light, bright,

white.
X^cjp, \ioPT-os, Xetiy,
TO,., a lion. Xew, Attic form of \a6s, the

gleaming, glancing.
"KavO-dvu), F. X'^crw, aor. f\a,6ov (T^at.
latere),
p.

XiXijOa, to escape no-

people.

OKEEK VOCABULARY.
\.eu<p6p-ot,
OS,
:

197
to rail at, revile, re-

ov,

bearing people

\oiZop-i(a,

"fyxti,

crowded

as subst. a highway, a

proach.

thoroughfare. Xot/i-6y, m., a plague, pesti* ov, lence. A^5-a, -as, (or-i7J,)/., Leda, mother of Helen, Castor, and Pollux. \onr-6s, 17, 6t>, remaining, the rest. A-^O-T], r]s, /., Lethe, the river of Xov-w, -<r<i>, to wash, cleanse ; bathe. lower world. oblivion in the As AiiSl-a, as, /., Lydia, a district of Asia Minor. a common noun, forgetfulness, oblivion. Av^6s, ov, m., a Lydian. XvK-os, ov, ra., a wolf. Xjo-r-^s, od, m., a robber, pirate. Xtav, adv., very, very much, ex- AvKoDpy-os, ov, nu, Lycurgus.
cessively.
\i0-os, ov, m., a stone
Xi/i^i*, Xi/iiy-oi,
;

Xv/jLoivofiai, p.

pass. XeXiufiaur/xai, to

gem.

m., a harbour, haven,

place of refuge.
XLfjjf-T],

cleanse one's self: also, to outrage, maltreat, injure. Xwr-^w, -ijffw, to cause pain, grieve,
distress.
XvTT-i], rjs,/., pain, grief.

a lake, pool ; marsh. hunger; famine. XifjiWTTO), or Xifiwaau), to be hungry to be starved, to famish. Xorfi^oficu, F. XoylffOfwx, or Xorfiovfuu, to calculate ; consider ; contjs,/.,

\iH-bs, ov, m.,

Xvirr]p-6s, d, 6,

painful

grievous

troublesome.
XvffireX-ids, "fiaa, to benefit, profit.
Xv-(a, F.

clude.
Xo7((r/x-6s,

a 0?, reckoning, account.

m.,

calculation,

Xvau, unbind, set miss.

r

v.

XAvko,

to loose,
dis-

free,

release,

Xif<TT-os,
;

ov

(X(ic<rroi),

sttper.

of

Xby-oi, ov, m., a

word
;

speech

rea-

ayadbs, (Xwfw*', X(^<rros,) more desirable, better.

son

account

praise.

M
or fia^-a, r)i, /., a cake (of fiaXXor, adv., more, more especially, barley mL-al.) [compar. of/zdXa.) (See iproi.) fiavOdvu, F. fjLad^aofiat, aor. ffiaOov, (laOifT-ifis, ov, m., a learner, pupil, disciple. to learn, understand ; notice, perceive. Mat-a, as,/, {ifaia), daughter of Atlas, and mother of Hermes. MavTivei-a, as, /., Mantinea, a town in Arcadia. fmivQfwx, F. fjLovovfjLai, p. fiifxijva {(is 2'res.)., to rage, be anjcry. fidvT-is, fidvT-eus, m., a diviner, seer, prophet. ftai-do/iai, F. (bffofiai, to act as a midwife, deliver. fiaaTiy-bo), f. tbco}, to whip. flog. pi,, wages fialurp-a, -up, n. midwife's /idrai-os, a, ov, also -os, -os, -ov,
(ui^-a,

or

fee.

foolish

idle

trifling.

(laKopl^u, to pronounce bless, congratulate.

lioKp-hs,
a, ov,

happy

to

pArriv, adv. [fnistra), in vain, fruitlessly ; at random.

fidxcu-p-a,
as, /.,
;

long ; deep ; broad

extensive, large.

short swi rd

a large knife dagger.

yAXa, adv., very, very much.

lLaiKaK-6s,
i},

bv, soft, gentle, light

t^X'V) V^j f-i battle, fight, combat. fmxofuu, fiax^o/iai, engage in battle,

tender, delicate.
ndXtiTTO, adv.,

to fight; quarrel.

most of

all,

especi-

/j-iya,

adv., greatly; neuter of fiiyas.

ally, {superl. of fidXa.)

lieydXus, adv., greatly, exceedingly.

198
fi^a^,
fieydXr],

GREEK VOCABULARY.
fUya
(see
p.

46),

M^vwp,

great, large.
fiedi<TTr]fj.i,

to

change the position of;

to
flit.

to

remove (from one place

Mivui/oi, m., Menon, a Thessalian, one of the leaders of the Greeks in the expedition of Cyrus the younger.
eos,

another), to
intoxicate.
uel^-cov,
(iiv,

fiip-os,

.,

a part, Bhare, por-

fiedvffKO), F. fiedOffu, to

make drunk,

tion, division. fiep-l^w, F. Iffw, Att. -tw,

ov,

compar. of fiiya^,

to divide, share, distribute, apportion.

greater, larger.
HeipoLKi-ov, ov, n.,

fii(j-os, /jieTpa^,

dimin.from
m.,

ov [medius), middle ; in 1], the middle ; middling, moderate.

"f),

a boy, lad, stripling.

fieip'aKlcTK-os,

/j.<TT-6s,

6v,

full,

filled

with,

ov,

lad,

boy,

sated

wearied.

youth.
fielpo/xai,

ixeri, prep., governing accus., gen.,

aor. ifipiopov, p.

^/nfiopa,

to receive as one's
ted.

due

be

allot-

In perf. and pluperf. pass, etfiaprai, and etjiapro, it is allotted, destined, fated.
lie\ayxo\(i(i), to
\i.iKa.s,

among, between into the midst of after. It governs the dat. in poetry only. fiera^dWii), to throw round; change,
arid dat., in the midst of,
;
;

alter

turn back.

be melancholy-mad.

fiiXaiva, pi.i\av, black, dark,

Herdka/ipdvu (see Xa/ipdvw), to receive a share of, partake ; assume.

fxera^^, adv. {/ierd), in the midst of,

obscure.
fiAet, impers.,
it

is

for a

care;

it

between
other
:

concerns
\i-iKi;

{est

curce mihi.)
11.,

/leTaTripLTTUf,

jJ-fKiT-os,

honey.
rjs,

meanwhile, whilst. to send one after anmid. to send for one, sum;

y-iXiTT-a,
[apis.)

[or-ffffa,)

/.,

a
:

bee

mon.
HeroLKiio, to

change one's residence,

moderamiddle course, temper-

MeXtrai-os, a, ov, McX^TTj, Malta.

Maltese

from

remove.
/lerpidTTji, fJLerpi&rTjT-os, /.,

fiiXXu, F. /xeW-^ffu, aor. unth double augment, rj/j,{\\r](Ta, to be about

to do,
/ii\-oi,

tion, the

ance.
fierplon,

purpose
eos,

to delay, loiter.

adv., moderately, temper;

a limb, member also a song, strain, music. (jLiixvTjiiai., p. pass, of lUfiv^ffKU, to remember, (which see.) fii/jLipofiai, F. /j.ifi\l/onai, to blame,
.,

ately
fj.-^,

enough.

adv., not (in dependent clauses,

and in independent clauses giving a command; hence, with imperat. and subjunct. :) also a conj. lest,

find fault with,

complain

of.

that not, whether.

firi^i (neque), nor, neither; not even.
/xTjSety,
fjLrjSe/ila,

fiiv, conj. adv., [responded to by S^,)

in the first place,

on the one hand

fir)S^v

{fj.r]Si,

eh),

fiiv,

the one
;

some MevAd-oj, ov, m., Menelaus, husband of Helen, and king of Lace01 iiiv,

6 5^, the other ol S^, others.

;

not even one, no one, none. firjSiTTco, adv., nor as yet; not as yet by no means.
;

fi-flKicn-os,

ri,

ov

{jirJKOi,

length),

daamon.
Miviirir-oi, ov, m.,

supcrl. of fiaKpSs, longest, tallest

Menippus, a Cynic

as an adv., in the highest degree.

fi^\-ov, ov, n.
fruit-tree.

philosopher.
(lim-oi,

{malum), an a])ple

adv., certainly, indeed, asr.

t4

firjXa

{mdla), the
truly,
in

suredly for that matter.

fxivu,
fivS),

aor.

ffieiva
fast,

(Lat.

fi-^v,

maneo),
abide.

to

stand

remain,

cheeks. adv. (vera), indeed, sooth, verily.

nt/v-Ss, m., a

fiT^v,

month; themiwn.

GREEK VOCABULARY.
Hijn-y^, fji-tinyy-oi, /., a

199
only, solitary.

membrane
p.

ftSv-oi,

rj,

or, alone,

the

membrane
/tip-pAs,

of the brain. /.
(see

fwpfioXvKei-oi',

ov, n.,

a hobgoblin,

H-qTrip,

28),

bugbear.
/iiffX-os, ov, TO.

mother.
fuip-6s, a, OP, stained, defiled, polluted, filthy: as a aubsL, worth-

hence, oflfepring
bull,

or/., a young shoot: a calf, a young ;

a heifer.

wretch. Mi5-a9, ov, m., Phrjgia.

less
fiiKfhds,

Midas, a king of
small,
little,

d,

6v,

tiny,

irapd fUKp6v, nearly, almost.

fufurr)<iKW, F. yjrffffw, to

call to one's

memory
:

remind, remid. more

fj.i)jjrrifj.cu,

usual :
I

p. pass, aspres.,

remember
F.

subjunct. fUfwufiai

The Muse, goddess of music, poetry, &c. There were nine Muses. (ufr., musically; elegantly. fUMaiKwi, fiOxOvp-ii} <^ ^"j subject to hardship, distressed, afflicted, wretched; troublesome. fwX^-ii, oO, m., a lever, crow-bar, bar, or bolt.
Moi/<r-a, ;i,/..
fivl-a, as, /.,

opt. fu/JLVT^fir]P,
fila-id),

or

fUfjLyiffniP.

fly.

Tjaw {juaos, hate, abhor.

ov,

hatred], to
hire, recall

fjLVKT-^p, fivKTTjpoi,

m., the nose

pi.

the nostrils.
fivXdiv,

fuffd-6s,

wages, pay,

fwXQy-os, m., a place for a

ward.
fivTj/xovevo),

mill, a mill-house, a mill.

mind
luXp-a,

to

remember, remind one.

to hence,

to

fwpi-oi, at, a, ten thousand.

as, /.,
;

properly a part or
one's
lot,

portion
destinr>

fate,

m., an ant. m. (see p. 26), a mouse. fiupalvu, to be silly, foolish ; to play tke fooL
fwpur]^,
fivpfj.r]K-os,

/xCs, /jLV-os,

N
fat, adv., yea, verily, yes, ay.

(AU. vetSn see p. 21,) a dwelling; especially, z. temple. favdyi-u, -fiau, to be shipwrecked;
fd-ds, ov, m.,

apportion, assign: mid. to possess ; inhabit ; enjoy ; to feed or tend cattle.

bnte,
peiryafi-os, or, op,

newly married.

to

go to ruin.
a ship.
sea.

vaSJs, yedis, /.,

va&r-Tis,

ov (navta), m., a seaman,

sailor; a

voyager by

vedvL-as, ov, m., a

vidvlffK-os, ov,

young man, youth. m., a youth, a young

man {under forty). Net\-oj, ov, m., the Nile.

rKpix-6s,
VKpcnrofjLir-bs, 6s, 6v,
Tj, bv, belonging to the dead. conducting the dead; ghost-conductor. VKp-bs, ov, m., a dead body, corpse.

young, new, fresh. peoAKiu, to haul up a ship on land. vewvTjT-os, OS, OP, newly bought. peiis, Pw, m. (see p. 21, art. 9), Attic form of pobs, a temple. p(urrep-os, a, op, compar. of pios, younger, more fresh, more recent. p^, affirmative adv., used in asseverations; as, VT] Ala, "by Zeus." Kijxi-oj, a. OP, also -os, -os, -op, not speaking (infant); '.., very young:
yi-os, a, op, also -os, -os, -op,

riKTap,

viKTap-os,

n.,

nectar,

the

hence, childish, sUly.

'Stiprjts, ISrjpTjtd-os, /.,

drink of the gods.

'SefU-d, aj, /., Nemea, a town and forest in Argolis. rd 'S^fiea, n.pl.,

a Nereid, sea

nymph.
PTJff-os, ov,

f.,

an
to

island.

the

Xemcan games.
veiM, aor.
iveifia, to dlstri--

piK-dbi,

-lieu,

conqoer,

prevail,

viiui, F.

gain, win.

200
vIk-ti, 17s, /.,

GREEK VOCABULARY.
victory, conquest, supevoffi-u,
fjffu),

to be sick, to
{v6(ros).

ail, suffei

riority.

from disease
voOs,

vo/i-evs, ^wj, m.,

Nrc-os, ov, /., Nineveh. a sliepherd, herds-

gen.

vov, m., (eontr. for vbos,)

the mind.
vv/xcp-Tj, 775, /.,

man.
vofi-Tj,
Tji,

/.,

pasture,
Alt.

food,

(like

vvfKpL-os, a, ov,

fo/xAs.)
vofjLi^u},

a bride; a nymph. marriageable: as a subst., a bridegroom, husband.

adv.,

F.

vofxiaw,

vofiiQ,

to

vvv,

now, at

this

very time

regard as a custom; to believe, think, suppose, consider; acknowledge.

v6fj.-os, ov, TO.,

[nunc),
vvv,

now; well now,

vvKT-bs, f.
i^y, 175,

(the

now

of

sequence;) then, thereupon.

a usage, custom, law;

vv^,

[nox),

night, dark-

but vofibs, pasture.

f6-os, ov,

ness.

m.

(contr. vov^), the

mind,

ywxeX

h, moving slowly,

head, intellect, reason.

sluggish, dull.

^alvui,

F.

^avC),

to

scratch;

comb,

card.

^evo(f>wv (see p. 30), Xenophon, a distinguished Athenian, famed as

^avdiinr-T], r]s,f., Xantippe, wife of Socrates.

yellow, auburn, fair, applied to hair). hospitality; the right ^vi-a, as, /., of hospitinm, as between states or
i^av9-6s,
)},

6v,

blonde

(as

a philosopher, writer, and military commander. ^rjp-6s, d, 6v, dry, dried up, withered, parehed. ^l<p-os, eos, n., a sword. ^vKov, ov, n., wood, timber a piece
;

individuals.

of wood.
eos [ovs), Xenocrates,

^cvoKpdT-7}s,
^^v-os,
ov,
;

^vvovaL-a,

or

a pliilosopher.

friendly
society.

avvovaia, as, /., a meeting ; intercourse ;

ger

a guest-friend, stranalso a host, entertainer.

in.,

^vp-6v, ov, n., a razor.

o
6,
7),

t6,

tlie

article this, the.

(See

olda, I

know; a jierf.

vnlTi pres. sig-

p. 21.)

6^o\-6s, ov, m., an obol, a coin worth about three-halfpence.

oyK-do/iai, rj^o^iai, to
ass).

(See elSov, and Irregular Verbs.)

nification.
olKh--7js, ov,
TO.,

dMvon,

an inmate of one's

bray

(like

an
ex-

house

a house-servant, domestic,

6S-6s, ov, /.,

Comjjare d-onk-ey. a way, path, road

;

pedition

way

or means.

menial, slave. old-a, as,/., a house, abode; household, &c.

oIkISc-ov,
ov,
n.,

ddovs, 6d6vT-os, TO., a tooth.

ddvpo/xai, to wail,
'05v(T<T-e\js,

dimin.

from

otKot,

iws,

mourn, lament. Ulysses, king of

from

little

house.

of/cot,

adv., at

home

[domi).

Ithaca (fiodie, Theaki). &dv (utide), adv., whence,

oTk-os, ov, TO.,

ot/xai,

a house, dwelling.

contr. for oto/xai.

whence; from whom, &c.

oiixwy-il, ^y, /.,

weeping and wailiug.

GREEK VOCABULAEY.
olfui^u,
F.

201
reproaches

ol/jua^ofuu,

to wail, la-

dveiS-li'u, F. Iffu, to cast

ment,

pity.

on one
wine.
dvbnifu,

revile, reproach, upbraid.

olfoi, ov, m.,

otyoxf>-os, ov, m.,

pouring out wine

cup-hcarer.
oli^ofuu, aor. ifffiiff, to suppose, consider, judge. ot-oi, a, ov, such as [gudli^ ; of
<^oficu, F.

aor. mid dvfyru, 2 or uvdfirjv, opt. ovalfjLijv, to profit, benefit : mid. to have the advantage of, be a gainer. Svofta, dv6/jM,T-oi, n,, name; fame,
F.
ujvi/lfir]v,
.

reputation.
ovo/Ji-dl^ti}, F. -dffo3,

what
oT-oi,
tj,

sort.
o, alone,

to

name; address

only.

by name.
6vos, ov,

Oir-ij,

17s,

/.,

Oilta,

a mountain in

Thessaly.
oixo/JLat,
6fiTlv,

6^60vft-os,

m. andyi, an ass. quick-tempered, 01, ov,

1/,

F.

to be

olx^ofuu, imperf. ifiX' gone ; to have gone

passionate, irascible.
6|-iJs,

eta,

sharp, pointed

acute,

to die.
6\idpL-os, oj, ov, destructive, deadly,
fatal.

pungent, (in taste;) hasty, passionate; swift 6{(5xoX-os, OS, ov, quick to anger,
(of

pain;)

6\iy-os,

17,

ov,

few,

little,

small.

passionate.
inrlau, adv., behind,

oXicds, 6Xxdd-o;, /.,

a ship of burthen,

backwards,

(of

a merchantman. S\-os, rj, ov, whole, perfect, complete. SKws, adv., wholly, altogether ; in
short.
'OXi/^iridy, 'OXi;;xirid5-os, f.,

place

;)

hereafter, (of time ;) again,

oxot-os, a, av, of
lity [qxtalis).

what kind or qua-

ot6c-os,

17,

ov (suofj,

how many;
;

as

an

in-

many
inrT-axii,

as.
ijffw,

habitant of Olympos ; a goddess in pL the contests at the Olympic

to roast, broil

fry

bake,
({(rroiuu),
F.

games.
'0/xr]p-os, ov, m.,

Sjpofuu,

I shall see.

Homer.
;

(See 6pdu.)
asso-

6/itX-ew,

^w,

to be together

ciate with,
dfiyvfu, F.

mix

with.
P.
dfttlifioKa,

Srui, conj., how, in what that ; when, as soon as.

bp6.(j3,

way;

so

dfwvftai,

to

swear, affirm by oath. ofwyev--^s, ^j, is, of the same family,

akin.
Sfjioi-os, a, ov, like,

imperf. iuipuiv, F. 6ij/0fMU, P. ewpdjca and edpdxa, pass. aor. <S<pdT]v, p. pass, ewpafuu and
at,

resembling, simi-

H/ji/juu, to see, look think; understand.

observe;
to

lar

common.
in like

(5/ry-tfw,

F.

Iffu,

Alt. -iw,

make

ofxoius, adv.,
larly.

manner, simi-

6fi6vKp-os,

OS,

ov,

companion

in

angry, irritate, provoke : mid. be angry. dpOQs, adv., right ; safe, well ; truly,
really.

death, fellow-gho<t.
b/jLirrexy-oi, os, ov,

of the same art or

sid-

ifi6:f'r]<p-oi,

fellow-workman. OS, ov, voting with, ing with being a party to.
cratt.
;

op-l^u, -lau, Att. -lu [5pos, a boundary), to set a limit, separate from;
to bound, determine, define. 6pfi-du, ij<r&>, to set in motion ; urge on, excite: intrans. to hurry,

'OfupK-ri,

rjs,

/.,

Omphale, queen of

Lydia.
6fx<j>a^, ifjLipaK-os,

rush

set out

f. , an unripe grape. ivap, n., used in nam. and acctis.

sing.

6pv-ov, ov, n.,

flpws, 6pvid-oi,

make an
6pvii,

effort
bird.

only,

a dream
supplied

the

other

bird, fowl
5p-os. COS,
rt.,

cases

are

by

6veipos,

m. or/, (seep. 32), a hen omen. a mountain ; hill; cbaiji

;

with

irreg. pi. ovtipara.

ofhiiia.

202
6po<f>-oi, ov,

GREEK VOCABULARY.
m., a roof.

Sfrrv^, 6f>Tvy-os, m.,

'Op(p-eOs, ^ws, m.,

F. 6px-iofiai, leap, bound.
8s,
ij,

a quail. Orpheus.
to

oHkow, adv., not therefore; so not; not then ? But ovkovv, therefore,
dance
then, accordingly, [losing the negative /orce.)
oZv,

-^(TOfMi,

8, relative
:

pron., who, which,

17,

adv., then, therefore, accordingly, consequently.

that {qui)
offdKis,
6ff-os,

6s,

6v, possessive,

oip-6,, as, /.,

the

tail

of beasts, birds,

his, her's, its.

&c.;

(a

more general term than

which
see.)

71,

and ocaKt, adv., as often as. ov, how many, how much
;

KipKos,

oCipav-o";, ov,

m., heaven, the firma-

[quantus)

as

many as, as much

;

as.

ment

of heaven.

Sairep, ijirep, Hirep,

[qui quidem)

which very one which indeed who

(you must know).

dari-ov, ov, contr. dcrrovv, pi. dcxria, contr. (Jcrra, a bone.
Saris, ^Tis, 8ti (written
i),

the ear; a handle or ear of a jar, &c. oCre {ov ri), and not ; neither, nor.
o5$, (bros, n.,

oStis, oihivos

{oil

no one.

.4s

rls), not any one, proper name, Odris,

sometimes

8,

accus. oUtiv,

Nobody, Noman.

gen. ovrivos, ijcmvos, &c., Att.

dat.
:

gen. 8tov,

whosoever, whichsoever interrog. who, what.

8T(p,
(for 8t' &v, i.e.,

oCtos, avTT] TovTo (see p. 57), this {hie), this well known (person.)

ovToai, avT7]l, rovrl {hicce), this

man

Srav, adv.
fire,

Sre

8.v),

here, this identical individual.

whenever, as soon
adv.,

as.

ovTu,
oiix,

or ovrus

when;
not.

since; seeing that.

adv., in this adv., not.

(before a vowel), manner, thus.

8ti, conj., that, because.

oil,

(See 06.)

ov is used before consonants, ovk before unaspirated vowels, and oiix before aspirated vowels ; as, ov X^w, ovk idu, oix
adv.,

6(pl\u}, F. 6<peL\ri(TW, to

owe, be in debt for (something), to be under

an obligation ; to doomed, destined.

6(f)6a,\fi-6s,

bp

bound;

opdu.
oiidafiQs, adv.,

av, m.,

the eye.
n.,

by no means,
;

in

no
not

6(j3-is,

ews, m., a serpent, snake.

dtfA-^/xar-os,

wise.
oi)5^ [ov

5(pXrjfj.a,

fine,

5^, but not

and not

debt.

even.
ovdels, oiiSe/ila, oiiS^p [ovS^ ets),

not

6xX-os, ov, m., a crowd of people, tlie populace, mob.

6\{/-is,

even one, no one, none. and not ever, never. ovbiiru, adv., and not yet, not as yet.
ovdeiroTe, adv.,
OVK, not.
oiiKiri,,

vision
8\p-ov,

ews, /., a sight, appearance, face ; eye-sight. ;

ov,
n.,
;

boiled

meat;

flesh

(See ov.)

(generally)

anything taken with

adv.,

no more, po further,

no longer.

bread or &p.

flesh, as vegetables, fish,

n
irci7KaX-os,
7),
;

ov,

beautiful

all

or -os, good.

-os, -ov, all

Ilairiwv,
llatt.')!',

Tlai-fjovos,

I'ajon,

or Tlaidv, or the physician of

raiSev-u, -au, to bring up a child train, teacli, educate. iraioiov, ov, n., a young child, little
child, infant.

tlie

gods.

Trais, iraiS-Ss, vi.

or girl)
slave.

or /., a child (boy boy, youth j /. a girl,

GREEK VOCABULARY.
ralu, F. vaiffw [vcui^u)], to strike, smite, knock. raXa(-6;, d, ov, old, aged, ancient, antiqae venerable. ira\al<TTp-a, a palaestra, as, /., wrestling school, gymnasium. rdXiv, a<^v.,back, backwards; again,
;

203
;

other's table
parasite.

hence,

flatterer,

xaparelvu), to stretch beside

tract
;

pro-

extend

defer.

xaparldrj/ju,

afresh.
irdXXtij, to wield,

brandish, swing.
es, very great. Panop^.

TrafXfieyid-T]s,

rjs,

Ilav6ir-Ti,

rjs,

/.,

Tavovpy-os, oy, ov, ready for anything ; knavish, roguish, villanous, crafty ; up to everything.

raw,

adv., altogether, entirely.

trap' for irapd.

to place beside; hold propose intrust. irapei-d, a.s, f., the cheek. xdpeifu (see Irregular Verbs], to be beside, present, at hand. wdpeifu (see Irregular Verbs), to go by, or past ; pass over ; come forward. xap4x(^ (see ^), to hold in readiness ; afford, furnish, supply. xapdiv-os, ov, f., a maid, maiden. raplyjfu (see Irregular Verbs], to let fall beside ; let pass ; omit,

forth

wa.pd, prep., governing accut., gen.,

neglect.

and dat. (see p. 34), beside. ndpis, HdpiS-os, and Hdpios, m., With accus., along, beside, to Paris, son of Priam. with gen., from beside, from, by -raploTTifju (see Irregular Verbs], to means of; with dat., beside, near, place near; present 2>as3. to stand at, among. near or by assist.
: ;

vapa^dWu
side,

(see /SctXXu),
;

to throw

Hap/ievluv,

JIaf. fji.evl(i}v-os,

beside, or to

give
;

put side by

compare

deliver.

menio, one of Alexander.

the

m., Pargenerals of

irapaylyvofiai (see yiyvofuu), to be near ; to be present ; stand by one, support.

irapd5fia--os, ov, m., a

park; pleasure

grounds
deliver
;

paradise.

xapa5i8<i}fu, to

hand over, give up, grant, bestow.

OS, ov,

xapd8o^-oi, pectation irapaKaX-iu,

contrary to ex-

strange, incredible.

xapoUT-7)s, ov, TO., a passer-by, traveller, wayfarer. Ttdpob-os, ov, f., a way past or through, passage Tap68(fi, by the way, in passing. vapotK-iu, i}(rw, to dwell beside, live near. ras, raaa, tSlv (see p. 45), all, the whole, any, every.
:

i<jw, to call to one send for, invite ; entreat ; exhort encourage. xapaXafi^dvu, to receive &om another ; receive ; undertake.

TaffT-bs, ov, m.. a bed-chamber,

xapakoyl^ofioi, to calculate wrong;

cheat.
vapafiiviis,

aor. ixdOo* xeliroixai., from patior], p. viwovda, to suffer, endure to be treated. Trardcrffw, xord^w, to beat, knock, strike, wound. traTaT-4u), fyrta, to tread, walk
irdffxw,
F.

[pdti,

to

stay

with,

remain,

verse
xar-fip,

trample on.
:

abide.
rapa/jLvdiofuii, to encourage,

irarpos, (see

exhort

father

p. 28), m., a in pi. parents, forefathers.

console, soothe.

wapdrai' (xapA
ther, entirely.

itSj'),

adv., altogeescort,

warpls, iraTpiS-os, /. (patria), one's native country, fatherland.

iravw, F. iraiffu, to put an end to, stop, allay : intrans. and mid. to
cease, give over, desist.
T^5-i7,
rjs,

vapairi/xiru,
rapdffir-os,
(128)

to send past
;

conduct, convoy
os,

despatch.

ov,

eating at

an-

f. (jpe<fca), fetters.

14

204
reit-of, ov, n., a plain,

GKBEK VOCABULARY.
a
flat

counto

irepix^o}, F. irepixeQ, to

pour round

try.
Teldo), P.
jreftrw,

or over prevail 2 aor. on,

^tI'^oj',

to spread out.

Ilp<Te<p6v-r},

(governs accjis.) in mid. to persuade one's self, believe, trust to; obey, listen to, (governs dat.) veip-a, as, /., a trial, attempt, expersuade,
:

rjs, f. , serpine], wife of

Persephone [ProHades, and queen

(See p. 14, (See p.

of lower world.
Hiparjs, ov, m., Perses.

(2),

and

p.

16, note.)

H4pa7is, ov, m., a Persian.

16, note.)
irh-p-a,
as,

jH'i'iment.

veip-do),
o/xai

F.

-dad) {hut mid.

ireipd-

more used),

to try, attempt,

rock
ttJ,

strive.

/., a rock, a ledge of while trirpos means a piece of rock, a (small) stone.
; ;

iriXay-os, eos, n. [pelagus), the open

sea, tlie ocean.

viXeK-vs, ews, m., an axe, hatchet.

w^fiiru,
P. iripApu},
;

some place, indef., somehow somewhere interrog. irrj, how, what way whither, where.
:

1'.

iriirop.cpa,

to

irrpf-^,

rjs,
;

/.,

fountain, spring,
P.
irijfw,

send
iriv7]s,

let go, dismiss.

well

source.

Tfivrf-os, m., a day-labourer;

TT'ffyvvfiL

and

vriyvioi,

p.

a poor man.
wivre, indecl., five.
iriireip-os, os, ov,

iriinjya, to
stiffen.

make

fast, fix, fasten

ripe,

mellow, ma-

irT]S-d<i>,

ijcrw,

or -i^cropui, to spring,
;

ture.

bound, leap
-o.(T<i),
;

throb.

wep-du),

to force (a passage)

HrjXeijs, U.r]\^ix)s, m.,

Peleus, father
great,

tla-ough
cross
;

pass through or over ; penetrate ; reach : hxit

P. irepa<r(i},
;

of Achilles.
v/jXIk-os,
large, of
7],

ov,

how
size.

how

irepdii},

to carry

over

what

sea for sale

wepl, prep.,

to sell.

irrip-a, as, /.,

let, scrip.

a leather pocket, wal-

governing accus., gen. round, about, near; concerning. irepi^dWu), to throw around, surround put on, (of clothes, &c.)

and dat,

all

maiming of the limbs or senses blindness. TTid^d}, to lay hold of, catch. wLd-os, ov, m., a wine-jar, flagon,
w^pucr-is,
ews, /.,
;

irepiylypofuit, to

overcome, surpass,
;

jar.

remain be over and above escape ; survive. irepi5-4(i}, ijo-w, to bind round, bandage.

viKpus, adv., from iriKpSs, bitterly, severely sadly harshly.

; ;

Trf/ieX-i^s, T^s,

^s,

fat.

vivaKls, TTivaKlS-os, /., a little tablet,

xlvci),

jrept^w, to hold all round, embrace, surround, encompass ; hold on

memorandum-book. P. irlo/xai and

irioup.ai,

p.

by

surpass.

iriwtjJKa, to drink.

HepiKXrjs, TlepiK\4ovi (see'HpaKX^s),

TiirpdaKti}, p. vepaffct),

m., Pericles, a celebrated Athenian.

wtpifiivbt,

to sell.
irivTtj),

p. ireaovp-ai.,

viirpaKO, (See vepdu, irepdau.) 2 aor. iire<TOV,

P.
fall, fall

to

wait for one, await,

V.

irdwTuiKa, to

expect.
irepiirXiKu, to fold around, cling to,

iriffrev-u, au),

to trust to,

down. have con-

fidence in, believe

7ri<rr-6r,
tJ,

embrace.
wepnr60riT-os,
for,

6v,

; obey. trustworthy, faithfal,

much

rrepL<f)ipo),

os, ov, much longed loved or desired. to carry round or about,

true.
iTLaT-dd),
-d)ff(i}, to make trustworthy, confirm faith mid. give mutual pledges ; give security.
:

revolve.

GEEEK VOCABULAKY,
oO, m., Pittacus, one of seven wise men of Greece. nXdrctT, nXdrwj^oj, m., Plato. irXeicT-os, tj, Of, superL of voXvs, most, very much. x\ei (ov, UP, ov, corner, of icokvs, more, greater.

206

IIt7Tojc-6,

vo\ifu-os, a, ov [also -ot, -of, -op], belonging to war, hostile : ol roXifuoi, the enemy. v6\efM-os, ov, m., a battle, fight, war. ir6X-is, eus, /., a city; state, republic.
iroXiV-ijj,

tXc/c-w, f. v\i^(i), to twine, twist,

plait,

ov,

m.. a

member
;

of the

weave

devise.

r\i-<j3, F. -KKevcoiuxL, to sail,

travel

body politic, citizen freeman. ToWdxis, adv., many times, often,

frequently.
T6\v6fjLfw.T-os, OS, ov,

bj

sea.

irX^-ciji',

uv,

ov,

for rXeton', (which

many-eyed.
(see
p.

see.)
ir\yjy-r}, ijj, /.,

roXvs,

ToXX^,

iroXy

46),

a blow, stroke ; ca(Lat plaga.) lamity, plague. v\r,d-oi, cos, n., a great number, crowd, multitude.
irX^p, adv. or prep., besides, except,

many, (opposed to 6\lyos;) much; great. The neut sing, and pi.
UoXviprjfi-os,

are often used as adverbs. ov, m., Polj-phemns, one of the Cyclopes, and son of

save

more

than, over, beyond.

F.

Neptune.
vov-io},
"fiffu,

s-XijTT-w, or

v\T)ff<i-<i),
;

v\i)^u, P.

to toil, labour
6v,
{literaUi/,
;

be

af-

vivX-rjya, to strike
irXot-oi', ov, n.,

a ship,

wound. merchantman.
v\ov, and

flicted, distressed.

rovTip-6s,

d,

causing

transport

boat.
(of

pain), painful, hurtful

worthless,

B-X6-0S, contr. v\o\Js, gen.

bad, wicked.
Topev-u), aw, to caase to go, bring,

later irXooj
sailing,

Zd

Declension), a

irXoi/cri-os, a, ov,

voyage. wealthy, rich. rXoirr-^w, T^ffci), to be rich.

Iffu,

carry: mid.

to.

go, travel, jour-

ney

sail.

TopQp.it-ov, ov, n., ferry, ferry-boat

;

a passage over,
fare for cross-

xXoirr-ijw,
nXoi>7-wj',

Att. -iQ,

to

make
Pluto,

rich, enrich.

ing a ferry.
m.,
ropdfi-eis,
ius,
ov, n.

JJXo&ruv-oi,

m.,

ferryman,
as ropd-

god of nether world.

TTvi-bi, F. Tvetjffu,

boatman,
T6p6fu-ov,
fieiov.)

sailor.

or Tvevaofuu, to

(Same

blow, breathe. TvLy-d}, F. Tw'|w, to choke, suffocate,

stifle,

vopipvpU,
robe.

irop<f>vpl5-os, /.,

a purple

drown.
adv.,
?

ir6dev,

whence
?

by what HoaeiSwv, HoceiSwvos,

vrj

means
TPot^

how

m., Poseidon [Xeptune), god of the sea.

71,

adv., whither

(= ywo ; but
x^<"'"5s,

rdc-oi,

OF,

(^antus.) of what
?

gwi.)

TO*

to

what

part of earth, (like ubi terrarum.)

troi-ica,

number ? of what kind much ? how great ?

irorafi-6s, ov, m.,
xfire, interrog.

how

F. rfyru, to
eflfect,

make, produce,

a river, stream.

bring to pass. woirfT-^s, ov, m., (Zjferafly, a maker), a poet, writer.

cause,
Toifji^v, TTOifJiiv-oi,
ffi.,

indef. at

when? at what time? some time, once upon a

adv. (utrum), whe-

time.
irfrrepov, interrog.

a herdsman,
cattle,

shepherd.
rdfivi-ov,
fli^ck

ther or no ?
n.,

ov,

a herd of

Torepos,
{uter.)

a, ov,

whether of the two ?

a drinking, drinkingrapa rdror, while

of sheep.

Toi-os, a, ov, {f/ualit), of

what kind,

TT&r-os, ov, m.,

of what nature.

bout, carousal,

206
drinking
tf>dpfx,aKOV,

GREEK VOCABULAEY.
{inter pocula).

irorbv

irpoffipxofiai,

a potion.
{enclitic),

irov, interrog. adv.,

indef.

voi somehow.

where? how? As somewhere,

iro6s, ToS-Ss, m.,

a foot, leg. vpayfia, irpdy/xar-oi, n., a thing done, deed matter, affiiir. trpdTT-w, or xpdcrcrw, f. irpd^o}, to do, work, effect, accomplish. vpiirei, impers. {(lecet), it is suitable, it becomes, it is seemly, vpbr-u), to be distinguished (among a number), to be manifest; be
;

to go to; come forapproach. irpocxiTi, adv., moreover, besides. irpoff^w, to hold to ; bring near give attention to (tt. rbv voOp) : mid. to cling to, remain with. irpoffO-^K-T], i}s,f., an addition, supplement, a douceur, into the bargain.

ward

irpoaKcCK-iii), F. icyu, to call to,

sum-

mon,
hand

invite
to

call to one's help.

--^ffofiai,

TrpooKvv-iw, P.
;

to kiss the

hence, do

homage, wor-

ship, adore.
jrpo(r\ap,^dv(i),

become, beseem. vpia^v^, wpicr^v-oi, and TrpicT^euii, an old man, elder ; ambassador. Uplafi-os, ov, m., Priam.
like;
"TTplacxdai, to

receive in addition ; take to one as partner ; acquire. {irpoabTTTOfiaC), irpoaopdw, irpocbil/ofiai, to look to, behold, see, regard.
F.

Trpoffwal^u,

Trpoffwal^onai,

to

buy,

(2 aor.

of uviofiai.)

make
game.

sport with, joke with,

make

Tplv, adv., before, formerly, before

that {priusquam.)

governing gen., before (of front of; before (of time) by reason of, for, through. irpb^ar-ov, ov, n., used mostly in 7?^. irpo^ara, cattle, (especially) sheep. TrpoSldufJU, to give up, betray, abandon. irpoLKa, adv. (really the accus. of n-pol^, a gift), freely, gratuitously
irpb, prep.,

TrpoawliTTU (see ttIittcS), to fall upon or against ; attack prostrate one'a

;

place),
;

in

self before.

vpoardTT-u},

or

vpocriaata,

f.

trpoard^uj, to place in a position,

{gratis.)

vpoKdXv/ifjia, wpoKoK^fifiar-os, n., a

veil, curtain,

screen; cloak.

irpoKaTaKklv-b), to set one fore others (at meals) :

down

be-

recline

(at

mid. to meals) in a more hon-

arrange; appoint, enjoin, intrust. to put to, add mid, associate one's self with ; assign. irpoar^ipo) (see <pipw), to bring to, to add, contribute to attach ; approach agree with. irpordTT-b}, or irpordcrau), V. irpord^u, to post in front, appoint before mid. to take the lead. vpbrepov, adv., before, sooner, earTrpoffrldtj/Mi,
: ; ;
:

lier, {netit.

of folloioing.)

ourable place. irpovo-iu, to perceive beforehand, provide, anticipate. rpoTrrjS-du, to spring (forward) before
others.

irpbrep-os, a, ov {irpb), before others;

in front of; sooner, earlier.

TTpoTi/xdu, to
fer
;

honour specially
to

prefor-

esteem highly. irpoTp^o} (see rp^w),

run

vp6s, prep., governing accus., gen., and dat, in front of; from before;
near, at, to, towards, against.
rrpocrayopti-u,
accost.

ward

outrun.
{lit'

vpoCpyov, contr. for irpb fpyov,

erally, for a

work or

object,

t.e.,

to

address,

salute,

npocrdirrw,

irpoadipio, to fasten to, attach to, append mid. to touch, lay hold on, reach.
:

of service,) useful ; profitable. adto carry forward, vance allege ; propose display. vpox(op-4(i3, -fiffu), to go forward, advance succeed.
trpo(j>ipu,
; ; ;

irpba-fipn {dfu, to go), to

go towards,

irpibrjv,

adv., lately; just

;

now; day

advance, approach.

before yesterday

the other day.

GREEK VOCABULARY,
rpifipa, or rpifpa, as, /. , the

207
F.

prow

irwBdvofiai,
learn.

TfvcofJMi,

P.
;

pass.
hear,

tore part of the ship, ship's head,

rhrvafuu, to ask, inquire

bow.
JlpcjTeffCKa-oi,
ov,

m., Protesilaus,

the first of Troy.

rpCrrov,
first

Greek

killed at the siege

{neut. sing.

Tvp, Tvp-6s, n. (in pi. rh xvpi, and watch-fires. dat. vvpoh], fire irvp-Ss, ov, m., wheat.
;

and vrpOra, adv.

vvp-6u},

F.

iSi<T(>),

to

set
fire,

on

fire

and pi. of follotcing),

place [primtirn].
rj,

first;

in the

burn with

fire;

to

(harden

by
foremost;

fire.)

TrpOr-os,

ov

(Trp6), first,

earliest.

TTTipv^, trripvy-os, /.,

a wing-

TlToi6Sup-os, ov, m., Ptccodortis. nToXe^at-os, ov, m., Ptolemy.

*" -'''w, to dance the war-dance, or Pyrric dance. TTwywu, vdrfuv-os, m., the beard. vujk-iu), F. --fjab), to exchange, bar-

wppix-^^^t

ter;

sell.

llvOaySpai,

gen.

UvOaySpoVy m.,
(of

itwua, viiifjMT-os, n., a

rtlnrore, adv., at

lid,

cover.

Pythagoras the philosopher. t6\-i}, yjs, /., a valve or wing

anytime;

usually
in

joined
irwj,

teith

negative.

folding-doors) : usually in pi. the gates (of a city, as opposed to

Oijpa, a

interrog. adv.,
indef.,

how?

what
;

way ?

in

any way

in

house door).

some way, somehow or

other.

p4j95-oj, ov, /., a rod,

wand,

stick.

P'flTwp, jt'ffrop-os,
lic

m.

[rhetor),
;

a pub-

p4.S1.-os, a, ov, {also -os, -os, -ov,)

easy;

speaker, orator

pleader.

ready

obliging.

fxfolus, adv., easily; readily.

pdK-os, eos, n.,a rag; ragged garment,

p^wv, aw,

Tj.,

pg.oy,

compar. oi p(j.dios,

more
flood.

easy.

-01') catting roots -OS, medical purposes) ; herb docquack. ; plvTW, F. f)lyp(o, to throw, cast, hurl. in pi. the ph, piv-Ss, /., the nose

ptfoT6/i-oj,
(for

tor

pevfia, pe^ifiar-ot, n.,

astream, river;

nostrils.

p6va\-ov, ov,
peiffop.a.1.,

n.,

a club, cudgel

piu, F.

to flow, run, gush.

stick.

ffolp-w,

F.
;

crapw, to grin {ringt)

clean.

to

(TCour-oO,

sweep

rji, of thyself: a re/fex. pron., on which see p. 56.

cdK-oi, eos, k., a shield.

ffdvSa\-ov,

ffeiti),

F.

ffelffu,

to shake; disturb;
fro.

sandal

ov, n., a wooden sole, woman's shoe slipper.

;

move
ffeX-^v-rj,

to

and

Tit,/; the
ris,

moon.
mother of
august;

aawp-bs,

d,

bv,

.,

rotten, putrid

^efiiX-rj,

/., Semele,
6p,

old; filthy.

Bacchus.
<Tepu'-6s,
ij,
;

"LapZavdvSX-os, ov, m., Sardanapalus, last king of Assyrian empire of Nineveh. aarpdir-rjs, ov, m., a satrap; i.e., governor of a (Persian) province.
ffavrov, contr. for (rcai/roO.

revered;

majestic ; dignified ; proud, haughty. Sepfi^t-os, ov, m., an inhabitant or native of SerTphus, one of the
stately,

holy

Cyclades islands.

208
a-fjliavrp-ov, ov,
n.,

GREEK VOCABULARY.
a seal, a stamp.
<77roi'3-tfw,

^iddiv, 2cSQ;>-os, /., Sidon, a city of

make
busy.
cirovS-i^,

or -daofiai, to -cJo-w, haste ; be eager, in earnest

Tjs,

Wioenicia.
Sij/WTT-eivs,

m., an inhabitant or native of Sinope, a town in Asia Minor, on south shore of

iias,

/., haste,

speed

zeal

anxiety.
(TTa6ix.6s, ov, TO., pi. often, tcl crraO'

Black Sea.
arrl-ov, ov, m.,

fid,

a shelter; dwelling; quarters,

usually in p?. to, food made of corn, bread ; uals, provisions.

ov,
;

crirla,

halting-place, or stage.
oracrt-dfo), f. -dffu, to

vict-

make

a rising;

rebel, revolt; quarrel;

be at vari-

<TiT-os,

TO.,

but in
;

id. ret

corn

meal, flour
F.
--/lixo/jMi.,
;

bread
to

cira, food,

ance with.

ariWu,
set,

f.

crreXQ,

p.

provisions.
ffidnr-du,

keep silence keep secret.

(TKa<l)l8i-ov,

be silent, not to speak of,

a small vessel or
or boat.

place ; get ready patch ; start.

iara\Ka, to send dis;

jTevayfi-ds, ov, to., groaning; sighing ; wailing.

ffT^vo)

ov,

n.,

(used in pres.

and imperf,
;

tub

little skiff

only), to

groan

lament

bewail.
of.

ffKi\-os, eos, n., the leg.

(TKev-os,
eoj,
:

arep-^u,
gear,

F. -ijcrw,

pass, usually <rr^p-

n.,
^;Z.

a vessel or impleutensils
(of
;

ofiai, to

deprive of; bereave

ment
tackle

in
;

ari(pav-os, ov, m., a wreath, garland;

fillet
(jTi(j>(i},
;

baggage
&c.

an army)

crown.
F.
;

stores,

ari-^oi,

to

surround;
breast
;

ffKy}v-'fi, rjs, y., a covered place 5 tent; hut; house. (FKi-d, as, /., a shadow, shade.

wreathe
(XTTjO-os,

crown.
.,

eos,

the

the

heart, (as scat of feeling.)

(TTriK--q,
rjs,

ffKipT-dw,

-i^cru,

to

spring,

leap,

/, an upright
;

stone, a

bound;

frolic about.

pillar, post

gravestone.

CK\-qp-b%, d, 6v,

dry

hard
P.

harsh,

(TtoX-tJ,

TJs,
;

/.,

equipment; clothing,

rough, stern.
ffKOTT-iCi},

F. (TK^fofiai.,
ff/c^TTTO/iai),
;

^(TKe/JLfJMl

look at contemplate. inspect, examine Ski5^-7;j, ov, TO., a Scythian. (TKvXa^, ffKv\aK-os, m. and f., a young dog, whelp, puppy.
(from
to

a garment, robe. (Tt6/JLa, (TT6/xaT-oj, n., the mouth, an opening passage, &c. ffTpaTeiojjjui, and (mpcTe^u, to take the field; be in active service; act as a soldier.
dress
;

(TTparrjy-iu,
(TTparrjyos,

F.

-^<rw,

to act
;

ffKunrru,

f.
;

crKU)i^ofj.ai,

to
;

ape,

or general

to

a.s a com-

mimic
co^-iu,
to

scoff at, jeer,

mock

cut

mand.
arpaTTiy-bs, ov, to., the leader of an army ; a general.

jokes on.
ijcrw,

to say aov, aov [shoo,

to
; to drive away bustle along, go

shoo) to a bird

shake
:

arpari-d, as,/., an army; squadron; (military) expedition.

<TTpaTu!ir-ri^, ov, to.,

hastily

a6ei ii 'Apyos, off with

TO.,

a soldier.

you

to Argos.

aTpardired-ov, ov,

2,6\wp, S6\wj'-os,

Solon. tTO<pi(rr--^s, ov, to., a skilled person ; clever man; a teacher; a sophist. ffo<f>-l)s, T}, 6v, skilled ; clever ; wise
I)rudent
nriJXat-ov,
;

campment

a camp, ensquadron.
n.,

<rrpovOl-ov, ov, ., dimin. of (rrpovdln,

a young or a sparrow.
(Ti),

little

bird

esjMxiallg

shrewd.
ov,
n.,

ffov,

2d

pers. pron. (see p. 64),

f.

a cave, grotto,

thou.
ffvyyiypiiffKu,

cavern.

ffvyyvdxrofuu, to

GEEEK VOCABULARY.
think with, agree with ; yield allow ; confess ; pardon.
avyyrd)ii-rj,
ijy,

209
-dffo},
;

to,

ffvreari-du, F.

to entertain in

one's house
(Hjpexun,

feast

along with.

/.,
;

fellow-feeling

with

allowance

pardon.

adv. (from adj. awex/p, holding together), continuously,

incessantly.

<rvyKaX-iu, F. -iau, to call together,

invite.

ffvflij/u,

or (wIt]/u

(see

trj/u),

to

ffVYxaipa, to rejoice with, congratalate.

throw together,
awo/jLoXoy-id}, f,

i.e.,

conjecture
to confess,

perceive, understand-

ffvyxtap-iu), F. -i}<rw

and

--fyToiuxL,
;

to

fyru,

unite;

make concessions to agree;

acknowledge

promise.

pardon.
miyXaiJ^dj'U) (see "kan^ivu)), to take

{owiTTOfJuu) , awopdu, F. aw6\f'0fuu, to see at a glance; survey; behold.

<rvpoval-a,
oj, /., sociality

along

with

;
;

seize,
assist.

apprehend
to sail

comprehend
along with.

friendly inter;

ffVfiTXiw, F. <rv/xrXei;<7'o/iu,
ffvfirftffi-ov, ov, n.,

course
dere),

geniality.

avrrpl^u,
a drinking-party
;

F.

ffwrplyf/w,

{con-tun-

to
F.

bruise,

crush,
p.

smash,

feast,

hanqnet.
to
to,

shatter.

<ru/juf>4pu (see tp^pu], to collect

tribute
ipepow.

agree

together

conto

<n)ppi<x),

(TvppeiffopLcu,

ptJTjKO,

to

flow

together,

<nn^p meet,

conduce

profit.

ri

<nJ/-

combine.
ffv-i, (Tu-ij,

m. or/,

(see fivs, p. 26),

(TVfupop-d, as, /.,

an event, chance;

a swine, pig, hog, boar, sow.

(TwrrpaTuIrr-iji, ov, m.,
dier.

misfortune, calamity. prep, vnth dat., together with, with. (See p. 15.) awdyu, F. awd^b), to lead or bring together, collect, assemble.
<r6v,

a fellow-solball,

c<pa?p-a,

ai,

/.,

sphere,
ia^iriKa,

globe.
ff^fdXkti), F.

atpaXw,
to

1 aor.

awoPT-dw,
meet.

F.

-^u,

to fall in with,

to cause
foil
:

stumble or fall ; to pass, to be foDed ; to make

(Twaprd-l^u), -ffw, [corriperi\, to seize

and carry off ; to carry off (TwStaxpdTT-w, (TwSjaT/Kifw, to assist in performing.

<rw36/cet (placet), impera., it pleases;
it

<T<pvS6v-ri, yf!,/.

a mistake, to blunder. {/undo), a sling.

a<f>pay-l^b), r. -lau,

Att

-t>,

to seal,

seems good.
;

awopdw, to see understand. avveiSoy, 2 aor. of avvoiSa (see dtSa, Irregular Verbs), to be conscious,
avvetdov, 2 aor. of

plainly

stamp, mark. <rxp\-d^w, F. -dau, to be at leisure, to have time to do a thing. <rxo\cu(rTU(-6s, 6v, one having leisure an idler a simpleton.
-f),
; ;

<rxp\--fi,

rp, f., leisure

rest,

ease;

idleness.

convinced of
aiveifu,
trwicoiicu,

(see

elfd),

to

(Twfw, F. ffihffio, preserve.

ffQfio,
ffih/uiT-oi,
;

to

save,

rescue,

have intercourse with, associate

with.
avyelpu}, to string together, connect;

HuKpdr-Tjs, -fo$ (-ow), m., Socrates.

n.,

body,

corpse

carcass.

continue in discourse. ffweriXa/i^dpu, to lay hold of along with (some one) to take a hand
;

auhos, a, ov, contr. ffwy, a defective adj., safe, sure, certain.

ffurripl-a, os, /., safety, deliverance.

at, assist.

ffdxpp-uv,
(see

uv,

ov,

of sound

mind
;

wy^pxofuu

ipxofuiCj,

to

come

self-controlling,

moderate

pru-

together, meet; live with.

dent, wise.

210

GREEK VOCABULARY.

ri\7]9^s,

for rb dXij^^s, the truth, the real thing.

ris,

TTn--fi, 7}s,f.,

worth; honour, esteem

regard.
to

worship
TLfiup-iui,

rapax(iS-i}s,

ei,

perplexing, con-

-fiffU},

punish,

take

fusing.

vengeance on.
TifjLwpi-a, as,f.,

tcCttw, or Tttcrcrw, f. rrf |w, to arrange, put in order ; draw up ; appoint.

ravp-os, ov, m., a bull.
rdxicrr-os,
>),

revenge, vengeance,
to

punishment.
Tivdffffu,
F.

tivd^w,

brandish,

oi>,

superl.

of raxiJj,

Tttxi^,

quickest, swiftest, speediest. adv. neut. offollowing., quickly,

,

shake cause to quiver. t/j, indef, some one, any one

;

a
?

certain person.

(See
?

p. 33.)

rax'i^y, eto, iJ, swift, quick, fast, speedy, rawy, Taw, m., a peacock, r^, enclitic conj., and. (Lat. g'Me.) retx-oy, eoy, n., a wall, (especially that of a city.) riKv-ov, ov, n., a child of&pring. reXevr-diij, ijcrw, to bring to an end
;
;

rb, inierrog.,
(See p. 33.)

who

which

what

Ti(xaacpipv-7]i, -eos, (-ous), Tissaphcr-

nes, a Persian satrap and general. rlrpao) and rirpalpu), late forms of Ttrpalvd}, to bore through, pierce.
TK-fjfji-uv,

-uv,

-ov,

patient

bold

wretched.
Tol (old dai.
fore,

accordingly in truth, truly. adv., in fine. Toiyapovv, adv., so then assuredly, riixvu), F. re/tw, aor. fre/wp (or ft-ocertainly; wherefore. /aoi'), to cut, hew, &c. toIpvp, adv., therefore, then; morerivwv, t4vovt-os, m., a sinew, muscle, over, furthermore. repcfcrrios, os, ov, strange, monstrous. TM-ovTos, -a&n), -ovro, ot-ovtop, of ricaape^, or rirrapes, four. such kind, of such nature. retpalvu), or rirpdu, F. rp^aw, to rotx-oi, ov, m., a wall (of a house or bore through. court.) ritft^, rh-Tlf-oi, m., (cicdda,) a To\fid-u), F. ^(Tti), to have the courage grasshopper. to (do), to dare undertake ; venT7]\tK-ovT09, -aijTT], -ovto, of such a ture. size or age so young. ToX/jLrjpl-a, ds, /., boldness. rriiJLepov, or (ti/ifiepou, adv., this same To\onr6v, adv., for the future; for day, to-day. the rest accordingly. TfjvLKavra, at this or that time of t6w-os, ov, m., a place, spot (locus); day ; then, at that time. a passage in a book. tI, adv., neut. of rls, what ? why ? TOffavtdKis, adv., so many times, rlOri/u {see Irregular Verbs), to place, so often.
; ; ; ;
;

to end one's life j to die. tA-oj, eoj, n., an end, limit: as

for t#),

adv., there-

set, fix, settle

make.

TOff-ovros, -airrr}, -oCro, or -ovtop, so

Ti0wv-6s, ov, m., Tithonus, brother of Priam.

much ; so great ; so numerous. T&re, adv., at that time, then.

ToSpo/jLa,

tIktu,

f.

T^fw, aor. ireKOP, to bring

TiKC),

contr.

for t6 6pofia,

the

forth, beget, procure.

name.
Tpdlrt^-a,
tablc.
i;s,

rfWu),

F.

vellico), to
Tifi-io), -fiau,

irlXa, (Lat. pluck, pull, pluck out.

aor.

/.,

a table

dining-

worship

to honour, reverence, value.

Tpau/xaTl-as, ov, m., a

wounded man.

rpdxv^-ot,

ov, TO.,

the throat, nock.

GREEK VOCABULAEY.
rpdx-^,
harsh
rphru),
;

211
a thole-

a,

i5,

rough,

rugged

rpoirur-fip, TpoTurrTJp-oi, m.,

savage.
(See p. 53.)
Tpi\j/(>),

Tpeis, TpeTs, rpla, three.

F.

2 aor. itparoy, p. rirpoipa, to turn, alter ; rout mid. and pass, turn one's self to.
F.
6pi\l/(i),

strap ; an oar-loop, or twisted leathern thong, which fastened the oars to the thole.
Tpo<f>--f],
rfi,

f.,
TO.

food,

nutriment a rearer,

rearing.
Tpo<p-6s,
ov,

Tp4<f>(i),

p.

th-po<f>a,
;

to

and

/.,

make
rp^d),

solid, i.e., to

thicken

hence,

feeder, nurse.
Tpi^SKi-ov, ov, n.,
rpC^di, (used
perf.,) to

to fatten, nourish, feed. F. dp^^ofjuu, or dpafiovpuu,

to ran, hasten,

a cup, bowL only in pres. and

;

I'wi-

2 aor. (SpafjLor, hurry. rpl^u, F. rpit(/u, to rub, thrash, grind ; wear down ; spend. rpl^ojv, rpi^uv-oi, m., a worn garment, a threadbare cloak or robe.
rpiTjp-ijs, Tji, ej

noise, to
rpwt>--fi,

make a low murmuring murmur, buzz sing.

softness
;

rp, /.,

luxury

equipped

[rph, and 4p), triply hence, as a fern, tubst.

paCs),

effeminacy ; conceit. Tpwds, TpwdS-os, ./., the district around Troy ; The Troad. Tpuryu, F. rpdi^o/juu, aor. frpayow, to chew, gnaw (as herbivorous
animals.)
riryxt*'w, F.

i) rpi-fipTji

(scil.

a trireme,

or ship with three banks of oars.

rpls, ado, (rpcit), three times.

rei^ofuu, aor. (rvxof,

;

Tplr-of,

ij,

Of, third.

Tpol-a, oj, /., Troy, The Troad. Tp&rtu-OP, ov, n., (tropceum,) atrophy. rpSr-ot, ov, m., [rpiiru,) a turn, way, means ; direction ; turn of mind, disposition.

upon happen upon meet by chance ; gain. dark obTvf>\-6s, ^ 6t', blind
to hit, hit
; ;

scure.
Tv<f>\-6co,

F.

c&ru, to

m&ke

blind,

deprive of sight.

ir^pi^u,
act

F.

-lu,

and

i^pioOfjuu, to

inteiffiprxppLoi, to

insolently towards; rage, insult

;

to oat-

to

come

come in in unawares.

by stealth,

v^p-is, ewj, /., violence

insolence

inrevayrlop, adv., neut. of adj. vireravrloi, in opposition to, on the

outrage.
v^piffT-iqi,

contrary.
ou,
TO.,

an overbearing vrip, prep., with cuxus. and gen., person, an insolent man. over, above ; beyond, across iJ7(et-o, a, /., health, soundness of for the sake of. body or of mind. inrip-a, as,/., [vrip,) usually in ^., iiyi-^i, -fis, 4s, healthy, sound, strong, the uppermost ropes ; the mainhearty.
vSp-oi, ov, m., a water-serpent.
vScijp,

sail brace.

vrepfK-rlvtii, r. -rlffu, p. -rh-ixa, to

vSar-oj, n., water.

ov,
TO.,

pay on behalf of another

for.

to

pay

There is a form, vUoi in the gen., vUT in the dat, &c., as if from a nom., vlevt'^'Vi Vh f-1 * wood, forest timber.
vi-6i,

a son.

^^P^PXPl'^h yond; exceed.

ixj/ofjuu,

to pass over,

go bevrtppass;

[vrep&irronaCi, vrepopdw,

P.
let

hvi-frxys,

F.

irrip^o},
i.e.,

to begin;

to

to

overlook,

begin to exist, belong to.

arise, be; to

despise, slight.

vTiporyKoi,

OS, OP,

exceedingly swol-

212
len
;

GREEK VOCABULARY.
large,

very great

very im-

portant.
{nrepxaipt^, to rejoice exceedingly.
as, f., a sliip's crew hard service assistance, attendance obedience. F. vir-iper-icj, -i^ffu}, to do service

inn)peal- a,

ov, m. an actor a di*sembler, hypocrite. viroXafi^dvo), to take up; answer, reply engage suppose. \nrop.iv(j}, to remain behind ; endure, bear; hold out, persevere.
{nroKpiT--fis,
, ; ; ;

uiropLifj.v^<TKU,

F.

inroiiv^ffii),

to

re-

for,

work
;

for

aid, serve, assist.

mind, recollect, remember.

inroTrvly'j),

V7r7]ph--7]s, ov,

m.,a rower, seaman;

F.

to

choke,

suffocate

labourer

servant, attendant.
iroaxi^crofiai,

drown.
to
vtrorapdrTCi), or -cffO}, F. {nrorapd^u,

inrL(TXviop,ai,

undertake, promise, engage.

viTP-oi, ov, m., sleep.
V7r6, prep.,

to

stir

up an under-current
trouble a
to
little,

of
dis-

trouble; to

with accus., towards and

:

turb

under, beneath gen. from under, by: dat. under, beneath.

viro^oXi/jial-os,

: pass, troubled.

be

somewhat

viro(p^po},

a, ov, substituted

by

stealth
feit.

supposititious,
iiroSi^o/jiai,

counter-

F. {nroiffu, to bear up undergo, sustain; endure, suffer. varepov, adv. {neut. of adj. vorepot), afterwards, at length after, too
;

inroSixof^o-h

to receive

late.

kindly ; give ear to, listen to promise. {iiro^L-ov, ov, n., a beast of burden or draught.

v^', for inr6, under.

vipair\-6(>),
F.
;

-dxTO),

to spread out

beneath
vfr]\-6s,

unfold.
6v, lofty, high.

i},

^
(paydip, 2 aor. part, of icdlw, to eat.
(paivo),
<j>CK-i(j),

F. -ijata, to love, regard.

F.

(pavQ,

aor.

Itpriva,

to

(piXl-a, ai, /., love, affection, friend-

bring to light, show, exhibit mid. and pass, to appear, seem. pulse; (f>aK-7J, Tjs, /., a dish of lentils porridge. open, clear, visible, <f>a.vep-6s, d, 6p, manifest, evident. (papp-aK-eus, ^wj, m., a medicine vendor sorcerer poisoner. ^dppMK-ov, ov, n., a drug, medicine, poison. <f>d(TKU), strengthened form of (l>ripJ,,
; ; ;

ship.
^[Xitrir-os, ov, m., Philip.

(piXdKaX-oi, OS, ov,

tiful
;

loving the beauan admirer of the fair.

adv.,

(piKoKivSOvcos,

in a foolhardy

way,
(pCX-os,

in a
1),

venturesome way.
loved, dear; friendly:

ov,

as suhst. a friend.
<f>i\ocTO(f>l-a,

to say, assert
ijveyKOV,

affirm.

(ftipu, F. olffu, 1 aor. ijveyKa,

2 aor.
bear,

as, /., love of learning; study, philosophy. (plXrar-os, superl. of 0fXos, most beloved, dearest. <j)\^^, (pXe^-ds,/. (sometimes m.), a

P.

iirffVOXO;

to

vein.
(piXvapSta, to

carry

bring.
<pe^^o/jLai,

(pe&yu, p.
to flee
4>'^/Ji-7),

2 aor. i<pvyov,

fool,

trifle

talk nonsense, play the : ri xpXvapovv, for

away, run.

TJS, /., (fama,) a rumour, saying, voice, report ; speech.

<f>Xvapiov, neut. oi pres. j)art. (j)o^-itj), F. i}(r, to frighten, scare,

terrify.
<f>op-iw, F.
-fjiTU),

pripj., p. ipT^ffb) (see

Irregular Verbs),

to bear, carry, wear.

to say, speak, declare.

<p6pT-os, ov,

m.,a load, cargo, burden.

GREEK VOCABULARY.
i>p^ap, (fipiar-oi, n.,
pit.

213

a well, cistern

<f>v\dTr(i},

^pov-4w, F.
reflect.

-i}<rw,

to think, consider,
pi.

or -ffffu, P. ipvXd^u, to guard, watch, protect. ^{iKk-oy, ov, n., a leaf inpL leaves,
:

foliage.

i>pi/^, #/)iry-6s,

nam.

^pvyes, m.

<p6a-ij,

tun,
;

/.,

nature,

essence;

or/., a Phrygian.
(pvyds,

shape
or. /., a fugi-

constitution.
bv,

(pvydS-os,

m.

<l>uv-ri, fi$, f.,

(f><tjvTiTiK-bs,
i),

tive, exile.
<pvy--q,
ijs,

/.,

flight,

banishment,

exile.
^i/XaK-i},
rjs,

sound, voice, report. suited for speaking; able to speak. (fniip, (fxap-ht, m. {/r), a thief, smuggler.
tpQs,

/., watching, guarding;

;

a garrison

a prison.

*yXd-os,
Phylace.

a, of,

of or belonging to

contr. for tpioi, n., light liverance; joy.

de-

Xatptfivet-o,

town

aj, f., in Boeotia.

X*'/"}<''<^>

Clueronea,
^ rejoice,

Xoip<^, ^glad.
y^alr-jf,
iji,

be

/.,

long hair

a horse's

one thousand. an upper robe, frock, mantle ; coat of mail. Xtw*", X'^'''<'S, /> snow. xXa^i, x^afjLvS-oi, f., a cloak,
X^Xt-ot, at, a,
Xi-Twv, x'Twi^oj, ",

or lion's

mane;

foliage (of trees).

XciKLV-6%, ov,

m. {pi. sometimes, tA XoXivi, n.), a bridle, bit, reins.

-fffffo,

Xnpt-ftJ,

-e

(see

p.

44),

graceful, beautiful, elegant.

Xaptiyrus, adv. (xopfetj), becomingly, decorously ; gracefully.

Xapll^ofiat, F. ^aptoCyuat, to gratify.
XcipiJ,
X'^P'-'^'^^t

mantle, or cape military cloak. ov, m., an enclosed place {hortus) ; feeding-ground ; fodder, grass, hay. Xpdofuii, inf. xp^ff^tt*, to use, put in force ; experience.
;

X^pr-oj,

Xpi},

impers.,
;

it

is

fated,
;

it

is

ne-

cessary
TCPVfJ^

it

behoves

one

must

f-1 S^'^^i

favour,

'S.dpwv,

kindness; service; delight. Xdpuv-oi, m., Charon, ferryman of the Styx.

F.

{xpdofiaii, XP^fMT-oi, a thing that one needs ; a thing, matter, aflair : in pi. goods ; money ; property.
f),

n.

Xaw-6(j},

-dxTw,

to

make

loose

XP^<TifJi-oi,

ov,

(also OS,
;

OS,

ov,)

render proud,
Xftfidiv,

puflF

up. m.,

useful, serviceable

fit,

proper.

XeiX-oj, eos, n., the

x^ij'-oj,

lip.

Xpbv-os, ou,m., time ; a period, season.

storm

XpiJce-os,
ovv,

o,

ov, contr.

winter.

made

xP^<^''^f ^ of gold, golden ; gold-

^^^ hand. XfipoTov-^u, -^a, to stretch out the hand (in voting), to vote.
X^l'P, X^'-P'^^i f-1

coloured.
Xpv<ri-ov, ov, n., dimin.

from follow;

ing,

a piece of gold, gold

a gold

XeXZStiv, xf^'5<i'^os, / * swallow. X^/X-i}, ^i, /., a horse's hoof ; a claw,

coin;
Xpvff-bt,

money.
ov,

m.,

gold

gold coin

a talon.
XV", XV-^^i
der.
XVP-<'h *> /

money.
or
/., a goose,

gan-

* widow.

X^^,

adv., yesterday.

an earthen pot, jar. Xyrp-a, OS, Xwpfs, (1.) adv., separately; apart: (2.) As a prep, yrith gen., without ; &r from.
.

214

OKEEK VOOABULAXY.

^ai5-w, P.

handle
}j/6(p-os,

\{'ai5-<rw, to touch, graze, reach ; gain. ov,m., a.n inarticulate sound,;

;

spirits of the

dead to the lower

world.
ipvx-'fi,

v^,/; hreatb, life; soul, spirit.

noise, crash, din.

f&X,-o3, F. yp^^o, to

blow

to cool, re-

^vxaywy-iu,

f. -iiffw, to

conduct the

fresh, revive

to chill, dry up.

Q
u5,

intetj., (of address),

(of sur-

iLv-ioiMi, P.

--^(To/iai,

to buy, pur-

prise or pain), ah
(bSls, ciSTj'-oj, /.,

woe's (me.) pain of child-birth,

1

chase.

pang, throe.
lifc-i^y,

?a,

6,

swift,

fleet,

rapid
coarse

keen.
(hfi6\w-ov,
ov,
n.,

{pvum], an egg. up-a, aj, /. {hora), a season of day, hour ; nick of time of life; age.
(i-6v, ov, n,
toj,

time time

raw

flax

conj., as {ut); that

(^Mod)
as, just as.

linen

a barber's towel or shoul-

w'y,

adv., thus

{sic.)

der-cloth.
5/t-os, ov,

(Sffvep, adv., as,

even

m., the shoulder (and upper arm, humerus.) Also the shoulder of a beast, armus.

woTf, adv., like wherefore.

Cirxp-bi, d,
(>p,

as, just as, so that

pale,

wtn, bloodless.

ENGLISH TOCABULARY.

(a certain), ris.

Ambassador,

T/)(r/3-i5s,

4us,

m.

About and

(around), xepl (occjm., gen.,

dat.)
:

Among,

iv,

with dat.
U.)
ov, n.

about (on both

sides),

Anchor, iyicip-a, as,/.

i/jiip^

{accus., gen.,

and

dat.)

And, Kol
take

[ri,

Action, Ipy-ov, n. : before action, irpb fpyov.

we

Apple, HTJk-ov,

Aristippus, ' AploTirir-oi, ov, m.

Admire,

Bavfidl^-u}. iyafiai.

Army, rrpdrevfia,
OS, /.

tos, n.

ffrparl-a,

Advise, ^ovXev-u, ^ovXe^oftcu. Against, eij {accus.) ; ixl and xphz,

{accus.)

Air, 6.-fip, iip-oi, m. (the lower air, properly) ; alOi^p, alOip-oi, (the

Arrange, rdrru, or rdaffu; F. rd^u Artaxerxes, 'Apra^^p^-iis, ov, m. Ass, 6vos, ov, m. or/. At, irl {dat.) ; ip {dat.)

upper

air.)
;

Athena {Minerva),
^to;,

'AOrjv-a, as,/.

All, every, tSj, retro, toi'

ATafro, Sltov.

Along (parallel to), irapi, (accus.) Along with, ffiv [dat.) ; /icrd (yen.)
Altar, pufi-is, ov,
at.

Athens, 'A^^p-ot, uv, pi. Athenian, ' Adifvai-os, ov, m. ol 'XdT]v<uoi, the Athenians.

pL

Ayt&j

(from), (1x6 {gen.)

B
Bad, KaK-6s,
"fi,

bv.

Ball, a<paip-a, as, /.

Before, front

(..,

previous
{gen.)

to,

or

in

of,)

vpb

Barber, Kovp-eis, Itas, m. Barley, Kpid--^, ijs, /.

Battle, fidxv, vs, /

Beg

oflf

(for one's

own

satisfaction),

i^airi-ofioi.

Be, ApX ylyvofixii. Bear, ipicr-os, ov, m. or /. Beard, irwyuv, irwyutv-os, m.

;

Believe, rurre6-u {dot.) ; xelO-opuu, {dat or accus., and in/.)

yipei-

ov, ov, n.

Beast (wild), 6^p, 6Tjp-bs,m.; 0T]pL-oy. ov, n.: beast of burden, vroli'ijyt-op. Beautiful, Kd\-6s, -fi, bv, xP^-"s> aaa, ev. Because of, Ii^ko {jen.) ; 5id {gen.)

Beside, trapd {dat.) Bite, SdiO'w ; F. Sri^ofiai ; 2 aor, ISaKov. Black, /i^as, aiva, av. (See p. 45.) Blessings, dyaO-d, Civ, n. Boar, ffvs, av-bs, m. ; Kdvp-os, ov, m. Boat, (floating vessel, generally,)
ir\o1-ov, ov, n.
<jKd<i>{.-ov,
;

<iKa<f>-ls, L5os,
;

/.

Becomingly, e5; vpeirbvTUS.

ov, n.

aKaip-r),

-qs,

216

ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
Bright, Xa/jLTrp-hs, d, 6v.

Body, awfj.a, awpLaT-os, n. Hook, ^i^Xl-ov, ov, n.; /3t/3X-os, ov,f.

Both, coHJ., ri;
Kdi;
Kal t4; ri
(wheateii),
botli

and,

/cat

ri.

Broad, evp-ijs, e?a, v. Brother, dSe\<f>-6s, ov, m. Bull, ravp-os, ov, m.; /SoOs,

/3o-6i,

m.

Boy,

irais, 7raiS-6s,

m.
&pr-os,
ov,
ris,

Burn, Kalo}

P.

Kaij<T(i).
i5;

Brt:ad

m.
f.

Bushy

(barley), fxd^-a, or /tSf-a, Bridge, y^<pvp-a, as, f.

(shaggy), Saa-vs, eta, thickly wooded.

5^.

also,

But, dXXcC,

c
Cable, (cdX-ws, AcdX-w, m. (Seep. 21.) Cake, p-d^-a, or fid^-a, tjs, /. ; irKaKovs, TrKaKovvT-os, m.; irdiravov, n.

City,

TrAX-ts,

v6X-eus, f.

dar-v,

&<TT-eos, n.

Call on (invoke), KoK-iw, iaoi.

Carefully,

iwip-ekCos,

adv.

atrov-

Cloak, xXap.is, "xXapid^-os, f. rplu}v, Tpl^o)v-os, m,, a tliread-baro cloak.

;

Saiios, ado.

Company
crOy
:

(i.e.,

in

company

with),

Carry, ^^pw, Kopi^w. Cast, plwTw, /SdXXw. Catch, alpiia; 2 aor. et\ov: \ap./Savw; 2 aor. O^afiov. Cauldron, Xi^rjs, \i^7}T-<n, m.

companionship, ffvvovala. Consult (i.e., take counsel \vith anybody), ^ovXeiJCt) ; more frcquculhj, mid., ovXevop.ai [ireptj, or avp.^ovXevop-ai tlvl wepl twos.

Cavahy,
a, ou.

i]

ittttos,

oi iTrweis.

Cottage,

aKTi]v-i],

ijs,

f.

koXij^t],

Certain (a),T/s; (sure, firm), /3e/3a(- or,

VhfCounsel (take counsel).

sidt,

(See Con-

Chamber. (See Room.) Chase (in hunting), d-fip-a, as,/. Chase (to), SidiKU.
Cheek, irapei-d,
Chest
(i.e.,

above.)
:

as, /. Cliest (breast), arrjO-os, eos, n.

Court-yard, avX--fi, r,s, f. the king's court or palace, aZ ^aaiXiws Oupai, Crane, yipav-os, ov, m.

Crop
Cup,

(to),

Kelpoj.
ijs,

box),

O-qK-t), t)s,f.\

Ki^ofT-

<pid\-7],

/.;

KvXi^, K>jXiK-os,

f. ; \dpva^, XdpvaK-os, f. (inChild (son or daughter), irais

6s, ov,
;

/.; KiiweXX-ov, ov, n.

Cut, Kelp-w,
Cutlass,
eos, n.

rip-uoj.

fant),
eos, n.

TraiSl-ov,

ov,

n.

fipicp-os,

p.dxo.ip-a,

as,

/.

f/^-oj,

Citizen, iroXir-rjs, ov, m.

Cyrus, Kvp-os,

ov,

m.

D
Daughter, Ovydrrip, dvyarp
Kop-v,
6s,

Vhf;

Day,

rjiiip-a, as, f.

(Sp-a, as, f.

Deaf, KU}<f)-6s, tJ, ov. Dear, <piX-os, r], ov ^t'Xt-os, a, ov, or OS, OS, ov. Death, Odvar-os, ov, m. Deep, ^aO-vs, eta, 6. Deliberate, ^ovXev-w, jiovXev-op.at,.
;

(of a wood, &c.), Saa-vs, ela,^ Descend, Kara^alv-w. Desire (wish), iO^Xu), or 6iX u. Desire (order), KeXev-u. Dinner, 5f7'rrv-ov, ov, n. Doctor (i)liysician), l2Tp-6s, ov, m. Door, Ovp a, as, fDown (from), Kara, with <jen. Dry, ^Tjp OS, d, 6v.

Dense

ENGLISH VOCABULARY.

217

E
Each,
?/ca<rT-oj,
rj,

oy.

Eagle, der-os, ov, m. Eat, iadiu ; of herbivorous animals,

rpdydj, usually. Educate, iratSeii-u.

voXi^u-os, ov, m. ix6p-ot, m. Every, vas, vaaa, Trav, Expose, iicTidr]iu. Eye, 6<p6oLkiJ.-6s, ov, in. J/x/ui, <5>i;

Enemy,
ov,

Egg,

d)-6v, ov, n.

Ha.T-os, n.
ov.

Empty,

Kev-b%,

ij,

F
Faithful, TWT-6s,
/is,

i},

ov

dXij^-ijs,

For my,

thy, his,

her, our,

&c.,

^j

/3^/3ai-os, o,

oj*,

or

os, ov.

part, fi^v in the first clause, fol-

Fall-into position, KaOiffTafiai.

Farmer, yewpy-os,

ov,

m.
os,

Father, irarrip, warp-os, m. Ferocious, 6.ypt-o$, a, ov, and (hp.-6i, Tq, 6v. OS, ov
;

Field, ayp-6s, ov, m.

lowed by 5^ in the second (and succeeding ones, if necessary). For, (motion towards,) els, with accus.; e.g., he sets out for Greece, i.e., to Greece. ^orce, S^vafjL-is, ews, /.
Forest, vk-r], tjs, f. Fore-part (of ship), vpi^p-a, as,/. Fox, dXwvT}^, &X(lnreK-os, f. Friend, 0tX-os, ov, m.

Fierce, dypi-os, a, ov.

Find, evpl(TK-w. Five, irivre.

Floor

(thrashing),

&\us,

&\u, f.

(See p. 21.) Flow, pt<i3, pevaopMi. Fly, (ivl-a, as, /. Foolish, VTjTTi-os, a, ov ov; or fjLup- OS, a, ov.

fj.u}p-6s,

d,

Friendly, ^iX-os, r), ov; (f>t\i-os, a, ov, or OS, OS, ov. From (beside), dir6, or irapd. From (out of), iK, or f|.

G
Garden, m.
Gate,
if^r-os,
oi*,

m.; ^dpr-os, ov,

Good, d7a^-6s, 17, Goods, TO. dyaOd.

Goose, XV"}

ov.

Garment

(of poverty), ^dx-os, eos, n.

XV-^h

"*

or/.

tiJX-t;, 97$, /.

Government, dpx-%
Grant, SiSwfu.

'^Sj

Gazelle, Sop/cds, Sop/cdS-os, /.

General, (rrparriy-bs, ov, m. Giant, yiyas, 'fly'avr-os, m.

Girl, K6p-Tj,
rjs,

Great haste

in or

with great baste,

f.

Give,

didw/jLi.

ffiiv iroXX^ airovS^. Great, p-^as, pieydX-i), \iiya. Greece. 'EXXds, 'EXXdS-os, /.

Give back, dTo5t5w/u.

Glory, 56$-a,
r)s,

Greek,

'EXXt/ii, "EXXT^y-os,

m.
F.

f.

Groom,
d^w.

lvitOK6p.-os, ov,

m.
^v\-

God,

6e-6s, ov, m. Goddess, de-d, as,/.

Guard, tpvXd-rT-u, or ijaw;

218

ENGLISH VOCABULARY.

H
ITabit, fff-os, eoy, n.

Himself, iavrov, contr. airrod.

Opi^, rpix-6%, /
p. 56.)

(See

Hair,

k6/j.-t],

tjs,

f.

Hand, x^ip, X^'-P'^'h / Harbour, \i/j,-^v, \ip.iu-oi, m. Hare, Xa7-t6j, Xa7-ciJ, ot.
Haste,
a-irovd-Tj,

His, her,

hj gc7i.

its, their, &c., expressed oi airr-6i, iKeiv-os, iavr-oS (when referring to the subject).

^s, /. ov, m.,

The
(but in this
sive

article often serves as a,posse8-

He, avT-6s, gen.

pronoun.
/9(iX\-w (to hit with

sense only in the oblique cases); iKelv-os, 6Se, (when he is emphatic, like ille); and the article 6. (See p. 56.)

Hit,

Ti/iTT-w;

Head,

KeKpoK-ii,

Ijs,

f.

something thrown). Honej, fiiXi, fi{kiT-o$, n. Horse, tirir-o^, ov, m. and/. Horseman, lirir-evs, ius, m.
IvireTs, cavalry.

Hear, dKouu,
tvJiom.)

(with accus. of tJdng

heard, and gen. of person frovi

House,

ol/c-or,

S6fj.-os,

ov,

on, m.; olKl-a, m. [domus).

as, /.;

Here, ivOdSe, ivravOa,

Herself, eavrTJs.

Hunt,
77s,

didiKU, drjpe^u, Orjpdu.

ov,

Husbandman, 7ew/)7-6[,
i},

m.; dpdrr)s,

High,

v\f/T]X-6s,

6p.

ov,

m.
71%,

Hut,

<TKriv-i],

f.; Ka\6p-rj,

/.

I&
(See p. 54.) Ignorant (unlearned), dfiaO-'^s, -qs, is: (inexperienced), dirup-os, os, ov ; vf)Tn-os, os, ov, or os, a, ov.
I, iyd).

J
Trcf-oi, wv,

Infantry,

m.; rb ire^iKdv.
;

Inscription, ypdfj./xaT-a, uv, n.

pi.

of ypdnfia, a letter. Into, els, with accus.

Island,
vT}(X-os,

In, iv, with dat.

ov, f.

Indeed,
part,)

(I,

indeed;
fiiv:

i.e.,

I,

for

my

Itself, kavT-ov, avr-ov, n.

iyu

fiTiv;

d-q.

Jackal,
Javelin,

6(Iis,

Ou-ds, m.
;

Infant, iratSl-ov, ov, .; ^pi(f)-os, eos,

.;
vr]iri-os.

/3 A-os, eos, n.

iraKr-bv, ov, n-

Judge,

KpiT'-^s, ov,

m.

K
Key,
jcXefs,

xXetS-is, /., [clavis.)

King, /SoatXci^

iva^.

Lacedaimonian, AaKe8atya6n-os, oi',i. Land, 7^, 7^j, /. dyp-bs, ov, m. (a piece of land for tillage). Land [verb], trans. iK^i^dtu, i^dyu, d7ro/3t/3dfa> intrans. to go on shore, iK^alveiv, diro^alveiv, with rrjs veilis sometimes added, and
; :

Large, fiiyai.

(Sec p. 46.)

m. Learning, awpl-a, os, /. Leave, Xe/irw. Let go, X(ya> let alone, iiw. Letter (of the alphabet), ypd/tfta,
vd/x-os, ov,
;

Law,

Tos, n.; aroix^i-ov, ov, n.: epistle,

sometimes

els tt]v yrjv.

hrtaroX-fj,

rjs,

f.

ENGLISH VOCABFLAEY.
Liberty, ikevOepl-a, as, f. Light, (not he&Tj,) Kovip-oi,
rj,

219

17,

op.

JAao

(of troops), rd^-is, eon, f.

Lion, \iiiiv, \ioirr-ot, m. Lioness, X^otv-a, rji, /.

Lip, xctX-oj, eof, n. Live-long, Toy, xo^ro, rar, or JXoj,

oy, in the accus. in expressions of time ; as. CXrjw t^v Kf/icro, th live-long night. Loaf, iproi, ov, m.

Long, fiaKp-6s, , 6v. Lycurgus, SMKOvpyos,

ov,

m.

M
Maiden,
K6p-ri,
/f,

/.

Midnight:

about

midnight,

rept

Make
Man,

Xlajority (the), ol roWol. laws, rldi}fu vSfiovs.

dydptiTT-os,
ov,

fUffas viicrai.

m.

di^p,

Month, y.riv, ftijv-os, m. Moon, <reX^i'-i7, 171, /.

Mother, fiifnip, firfrp-oi, f. Mountain, 6p-os, eoi, n. Mouse, fivt, fw-6i, m. Much, ToXi/j, toXXt}, roXi.
p. 46.)

dj'5/>-6j,

m.
'7',

Mane,

X'*^''"''?)

/.

Many,

xoXX-of,

a/, d.

Master, SfaTdr-ij^,

ov,

m.

(See

Meadow, Xec/u&p, Xet/wSv-or, wi. Merchantman (ship), oKxtis, dXxdS-

My,

Muse, MoO<r-a, iji, /. my own, ifi-is,

-fi,

bw
i)t,

or gen.

fUM, ifioS, ifMvr-m),

ov.

N
Narrow, artp-hi,
Near,
ij,
;

6i.

iy^,
auxn",

adv.

rXrjalov,

adv.
t/x-

also irapd, with <2a^ or accus.

Neck,

avxiv-oi,
:

m.

Nightingale, irfiiSv, &r)Z6p-os, f. Nine, bmia. Not, oil {ovK, oirx^ in definite clauses, and those stating facts. With im,

jperativea,

with indefinite clauses,

Night, nii,
yvKrSi.

yvicr-is,

f.

by

night,

and with clauses expressing doubt,

IJL-il

is

used.

o
(about,) vefA: of, (out of,) U: (made of,) (k. Of is generally expressed by the gen. of a svbst., without say prep. Old, TaXa(-6;, d, 60: old-man, ftpbv,

Of,

of,

yipovT-os, m. Old-woman, ypavs, ypa-bs, /. On, (of place,) iv, with dat.;

agreeing with noun), {adj., fJMv-oi, ij, op: only {adv.), /x^ror. Order, bid, command, KeXev-u. Our, TifUrep-ot, a, op, or gen. of pers. pron., ijfiQp. Often not expressed at all, when it is very evident to whom " our, my, hit,'"

Only

irt,

&c.,

refer.

The

article

shows

with gen.: on, (signifying time), ir, or simply dative case; as, Ty rplriQ rjfUpif., on the third day. One, els, jda, Iv.
(128)

the meaning, and becomes equal to a possessive. (See His.) Out of, ^ic, or i^.
sufficiently

15

220

ENGLISH VOCABULARY.

Palace,
n. pi:

<iS\-fi, ^s, /.;

^aalXei-a, uv,
6v.

Port, \ipA)v, \ip.iv-ot, m.

Pale, wxp-ii, d, 6p "KevK-ds, Parched, (7]p-6s, d, 6v. Parent, 7ov-ei5s, ^ws, m. or/.
;

-fj,

Portion, p.ip-os, eoj, n. Position, to fall into position,

kolO-

Irra/ioi.

Post one's

self,

KaOlarafiai.
iois,

Part, flip- OS, COS, n.

Priest, Up-eis,

m.
f.
;

Pay, flier d- OS, ov, m. Peacock, ra-cDj, ra-w, m.

Perses, IUpcr-Tjs, ov; voc. HipaT]. Persian, Il4p<r-r]s, ov; voc. Il^pcra.

Prison, ^vXaK-'^,

rjs,

Sea-fi-ol, (av,

m. pi. Prophet, ndvT-is, eus, m. Province, dpx-^t V^> /

Persuade, irdO-u.
Pillar,

Prow,
m.;

irpifip-a,

as, f.
;

kIuv,

kLov-os,

a tomb-

Prudence,
ecas, f.
',

(ro<pl-a, as, f.
ff(i}(f>po(T6v-r),

<pp6vr)ff-is,

stone,

crrrjK-Tj, tjs, /.

rjs,

f.
(or

Plain, ireSi-ov, ov, n.

Plait, irXiK-w,

Purse, wfjp-a, as,

/.;

aXdvTi-ov

/SaXXctJ^joj'), on, n.

nXdrup, HXdruv-os, m. Ploughman, 6.p&r--qs, ov, w,'

Plato,

Pursue,

SidsKO).

Put-in-prison, jSciXXw, or diSw/ii, eh

<f>v\aK-f)v.

Poet, TToiTjT

-^s,

ov, m.
>},

Poor, TTTwx-ij.

iv.

Put- in -position,
lffT1)/U.

(of

troops),

KaO-

Poplar, atyeip-os, ou, f.

Q
Queen, /So(rO|-a, as,/.; but/3o(rtX/a uaeans sovereign power.
1

Quickly, raxv, tox^wj, adv.; rdxovs dvb rdxovs.

;

3t4

R
Razor, ^vp-6v,
ov, n.

Robe
AiroSiSufii.

(of

wealth),

cloak,

j^apujs,

Remain,
Review, Review,

fiivu.

XXa/ti5S-os,/.: (of poverty), rpl^tav.

Return, (give back,)

i.e.,

(See Cloak.)

i^iraxr-is, eus, /.

Rod,

hold a review, noiet<r6ai i^iraatp. Revolt, d/piTTtitu. Rich, ir\oiai-os, a, ov 6\pi-os, a, ov. Ride, lirireuu, Kiver, norafjirSs, ov, m. lioad, way, journey, 68-6s, ov, /.
;

Room
Rope

fid^d-os, ov, f. (upper), ivdry-ewv,

ivd/y-tu,

n.; inrep(fi-ov, ov, n.

(cable), kciX-ws, KdX-w, m. Rule, /3a<rtXei/u fipx^ (in active) Kpariu, (the last two governing gen. or dat.)
;

Run,

did};

t/j^w,

f. S/ia/uoC/tcu.

s
Safety, ffumipl-a, as, f. Sail, irX^w; F. wXeiJa-oynot, (or
Ota.)

Sailor, vadr-r^s, ov,

TrXeiJ-

m.
-fj,

Same

(the),

6 avr-bs,

6,

contr.

a,vT6s, avri},

ravrb, or Tairrov.

ENGLISH VOCABULAEY.
Savage, iypi-oi, o, ov. Say, X^w. Scut (tail of hare), xipK-oi, ov, f. Scythian, S/n5tf-7;j, ov, m. Sea, sea-shore, OdXarT'O, or -aaa, by land and sea, ical gen. rjs, / KoriL yijv Kal /cord dSKarrap.
:

221

Slay, KTetvu, drorrc&w. Sling, ff<ppS6p-rj, 171, /.

o'0'5oi'(-w.

to sling,

Small, /xiKp-6s, d, op.

Smooth, Xer-o?, a, op. Snow, x"^**! X'^*^*", /.

Socrates,
ovs,

^wKpdr-rjs,

eos,

contr.

See, /SX/irw, optfw.

m.
:

rw\4o}. Send, (rrfXXw,

Sell,

Soldier, <rrpaTiuT-Tjs, ov, m.

heavy-

AtootAXw,

jriparu.

armed
Some,

soldier, oxXTr-ijs, ou.

Send

for

(to

one's self), /nerariftr

tIs, tIs, tI.

roficu.

Some

Serpent, 6<p-is, 6<p-ebyi, m. Servant, xnrijpir-Tjs, ov, m.; oiKir-rji, ov, m,; Oepdrup, Oepd-rorr-os, m.; Sfjuln, Sfiii>-6s, m. (xan in prose.) Set free, XiJw.

tL Somewhere, xov (encUtie.) Son, vl-6s, ov, m.

(kind), tIs, tIs,

Speak, (speak
f.
(a

of,)

X^.

Stafii Paicnjpl-a, as, /.; pdfiS-os, ov,

Seven, Irrd.

Stalk, (to
o,

Shaggy, Sac-is, eto, tf; X<f<rt-oj, OP and X(<ri-oj, os, op. Sharp, 6^v$, eto, 6 (of anything
;

wand, small stafll) walk in a stately manner,) ^aSlj^a, F. paSiovfuu ao^iw.

;

Stand,

(cause

to
ils

stand,)
jtres.

trrrjfu

instrament, pain, person, &c) Shave, Keipu, droKelpa, ^vpdu, or

Shear, dTOKetpw, Kelpu.

jKrf., t<rn]Ka, Stay, ftdpu.

"I

stand."
os, op.

Steep, 6p0i-os, a,

oi*;

or 6p9i-os,

Step, ^Tj/xa, ^-quaT-os, n. (steps 01 stairs, &c.) ; txp-os, eos, n.

Stick,
p</35-os,

Sheep

(a), otj, ol-6i, m. or/. Shepherd, Totff^p, TOip-ip-os, m. Shield, dcrirls, dcvlbos. f. Ship, vavi, pedis, t\m-op, ov, n. ;

ov, f.

paxTrjpl-a,

Stone, \ld-os, ov, m.

Strike, tvtto}, /3<XXw.

Silver, Apyvp-os,
silver,

ov,

m.
a,

made

of

dpyvpe-os, dpyvpovs, a, oOi'. Six, tl Slave, 5oCX-oj, ov, m.

or,

contr.

Swallow, xeXtSaK, xeX{54r-oi, Sweet, yXvK-ih, eia, A.

Swift, ibK-vs, CMt,
i5;

/
, A.

tox-i5s,

Sword,
as, f.

^l<lyos,

eos,

n.;

ftdxatp-a,

Table, rpaxet-a,
Tail, oi'p-d, as,

17J,
;

Their.

(See His.)
e'la,
i5 ;

xipK-os, ov, f.

Thick, rax-^t

Saa-vs,

e'ia,

Take, Xafi^dvw,

alpica.

Take counsel
flat.

(deliberate), ^ovXeio-

i, (shaggy.) Thief, K\irT-r]s, ov, KKuir-bs, m. ; <pd'p,

m.

<fxitp-6s,

kXw^, m.

Take the

crpaTeOonat. Taste, yevop.ai,, with gen. Teach, hibdaKu, raideiu.

field,

Temple, va-6s, Ten, 3^<ca.

ov, m.; pews, peii,

m.

Third, rplr-os, 17, op. Thirty, Tpt&Kovra. This, these, oxiros, avrq, (For pi. see p. 57.) Thorn, &Kap0-a, rjs, f.

tovto

Tent, ffKr)v--fi, ijs, f. Tenth. SfKar-oj, n, The, i, ij, t6.

op.

Thou, otJ. (See p. 54.) Thousand, x^'Ot, x^^-**. X^-<^ Thrashing-floor, SXus, S\u, /.

222
Through,
Sid,

ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
with gen.
'Siffiraipipv-iii,

Throw,

ftliTTU, /SctXXw, tr)fu.

Tissaphernes,
contr. ovs.

eoj,

Tooth, iSoiJ?, 6S6vr-oi, to. Torch, Xafiirdi, \afivdS-ot, f. Towards, els, with accus.

Town,
els,

7r6X-K, ews, /.

dirrv, dtareo*,

To, (towards,)
the side
of,

with accus.

to

n.

up

to, irapi,

or irp6s,
rjs,

Trireme,

rpf^p-rjs, eos, contr. ous,

ef/coat.

with accus. Tongue, yKwTT-a, or y\Ci><T(Ta,

Twenty,
f.

Two,

Si/o.

U& V
Unyoke, Mia. Up, dvA, with accus. Upper (room). (See Soom.) Used-to, expressed by imperf.
verb ; e.g., Venerable, (repiv-bi,
OS, ov.
i},

Very, superl. of
great, fiiyiaros.

adj.

e.g.,

very

Very much,
ind. of
bv.

^ndXiora, or
r),

B-Xettrroi'.

Visible, Srj\-os,

ov;

<pavep-6s, d,

f\eye, " used to say."

bv\ al5i<Tip.-o%,

Voice, <f>uv-i^, ^y, /. Vulture, yuxf/, yvir-'os, m.

w
Waggon,
War,
ific^-a,
i/j,

/.

Wing,
Wise,
m.;
crrpa-

Wallet, vfip-a, as, f.

iriXe^-os, ov,
ripias,

ao(p-bs,

Trripv^, irripvy-os, f. i}, bv; auxppwv,

m. and

m.

/.; n. ffQ<f>pov; gen. adxppov-os.

Warrior,

!jpu>-os,

Tn!)T-7)s, ov,

m.

Wish, idO^u), 6^u, ^offKopMi. With, (along with,) ff'uv, with dat.
gen.

Wave, Kvpjti, Kijp.aT-os, n. Weapon, /3^-oy, cos, contr. piXovs,

n.
;

6irX-ov, ov, n.

with, (in the midst of, ) yuerd, with With, sign of dat. of the instrument, to be expressed by
dat. only.

Wear,

tpop^w.

What? ri. Where? vov,

Which, Which,

irij.
-Ij,

relative, 6s,

S.

Without, prep., Hvev, X'^P^^t "'''^i hen meaning outeufe, Ifw. gen. Wolf, Xi5/c-oj, ov, in.

interrog., ris, rls, tI,

"f),

White, \evK-bs,

bv.
ij,
;

Woman, yvvr), ywaixos, f. Wonder at, Oavp.di'w, dya/Mi.

Wood, Word,
;

Who,
tIs,

relative, 8s,

interrog. rls,

ilX-77,

rjs,

f.

p.vO-os,

ov,

m.

\by-os,

ov,

Why?
by.

tI, Sid ri.

>},

Wicked, xaK-os,

bi>;

vovijp-bs, d,

m. iir-os, eos, n. Worthless, /ca/c-or, }, bv

7],

ipavK-os,

ov

ovSevbs d^ios.
TiTp{i)(TK<i),

Wild
ov,

(beast), 5^/), Orjp-fts, m.; 0ripl-ov,

71.

Wound,

/SdXXw.
ov, tn.

Wine,

otv-os, ov,

m.

Wreath, aricpavos, Write, ypacpu.

Xenophon,
p. 30.)

^evo<pC!>v, rot, wi.

(See

Xerxes,

'S,ip^-i)s,

ov,

THE DECLENSIONS, &a,

WITH THE CASES IN AN ALTERED ORDER.

PIBST DECLENSION.
flNGTTLAB.

DUAL.

PLURAL.

(1.)

N.
V.
A.
G.

auX->7,
a court

avX.-d,
twocoort&

av\-ai.
eoDits.

auX-17,
Oconrt.

avK-df
two
courts.

avK-aly
courts.

avX-iyv,
a comt.

av\-a,
two
courts.

av\-a^f
courts.

av\-rjs,
of a court.

avX-aiv,
of two' courts.

av\-a)V,
of COUTtSL

D.

ai5X-p,
to or for a eoatt.

avX-aiv,
to or
ft>r

aOX-aff,
courts.

two

to or for oonrta

sntatTLAs.

DUAL.
(TKl-d,
two shadows.

PLTTHAL.

(2.)

N.

& V.
A.

(TKi-ay
a shadow.

(TKl-aiy
shadows.

(TKl-dv,
a shadow.

(TKl-a,
two shadowsL

(TKi-aSf
shadows
a-Kl-COVy
of shadows.

G. D.

(TKi-a^,
of a shadow.

(TKl-aiV,
of two shadows.

(TKi-a,
to or for a shadoir.

(TKl-aiV,
to or for two shadows,

(T/Ci-aff,
to or for

shadowa

224

FIRST GREEK READER.

PLirUAt..

(3.)

N.

& V.

y\S>rT-a(oT)
a tongue.

COTT-a,
two tongues.

y\u)TT-aif
tongnes.

A, y\wTT-av,
a tongue.

yXdoTT-af
two tongues.

'yXa)TT-a9,
tongues.

G. yXcoTT-r]^,
of a tongue.

yXu)TT-aiv,
of

y\u)TT-U)V,
tongnes.

two tongues.

D. y\a)TT-ri,
to or for a tongue,

yXu)TT-aiv,
to or for

'yXcoTT-a/f,
to or for

two tongues,

tonguea

SINQULAR.

DUAL.

PLURAL.

(4.)

N
A,

TeXd)v-r}g,
a
toll collector.

TeXc6j/-a,
two
toll collecton.

TeXtoj/-at,
toll collectors.

V. TeXoov-r]
TeXdov-rjv

TeXu)v-a

TeXSiv-ai
reXtoiz-a?

TeXcov-a

G. reXdav-ov

TeXwv-aiv
reXuiv-aiv

TeXuiv-wv

D.

TeXtoi/-?

TeXwv-aig

SECOND DECLENSION.
SINGULAR.

DUAL.
,

PLURAL.

(1.)

N. SovX-oi, masc.
a slave.

SovX'COf
two
slaves.

^ovX-oi,
slaves.

V. SovX'C

SovX-00
SovX-co

^ovX-oi

A. SovX-ov
G.

SovX-ovg
SovX-cov

SovX-ov

SovX-oiv
SovX-oiv
DUAL.

D. SovX-(a
SINQULAB.

SovX-019
PLURAL.
/ntjX-a,
apples.

(2.)N.V.&A.
G. D.

fi^X-ov,}aeut.,
an apple.

ixriX-w,
two apples.

fii^X-ov
/ttjJX-y

IxrjX-olV
IJ.r]X-OlV

IxrfX-Oil

H^qX-Oig

FIRST GBEEE KEADEB.

23ft

THE ARTICLE,
gnrGHLAB.

o, 7, to, the.

DCAU
iltae.

rhujikx,

Masc

Fem.
>7

Kent

Feco.

KenL

Matr

Fem.

Kent

N.
A. TOV
G. TOV D. T(p

TO TO
TOV
TftJ

TOO TUi
ToFl/

Tft)

(ra) TO)

01

at

-rnv
TrJ9

TO) (to) TOJ

TOV9 Tay
TOOV
TbiiV

Ta TO
Ta>P

TCUV

TOIV TOIV

T^

TOIV

TOiv

TOt9

Tofy TO?p

ATTIC SECO>T) DECT.F.XSION,

SrSOCLAR.

DCAU
Xay-eo,
twohara.

PLITRAL.

N.

&

V. Xay-wi, masc,
bare.

\ay-(pt
haniL

A. Xay-wv
G. \ay-(0 D. \ay--a

\ay-ta

\ay-(ai

\ay-wv Xay^wv
avwye-w,
avcoye-wv
avatye-tav

Xay-wv \ay-wg
avdoye-ti,

N. V.

&

A.

ai/<^e-ft)i',neut.,
an upper ehamber.

two upper cbambenk npper chambeim

G. avcoye-oo

avtaye-iov

D. avwye-m

avwye-ut^

THIRD DECLENSION.
snrouLAK.

DUIX.

PLURATt.

N.

&

V.

Xe/yLiojt',

masa.

Xeiixwv-e,
two meadowa.
XeifJ.(V-

Xe/yuoJv-ey,
meadowi.

a meadow.

A.
G.

Xeifiuiv-a
Xeifxojv-og

XeifiS>v-a^

Xeifiwu-oiP
Xeifi(hv-oiv
DUAL.
jjpco-e

Xeifitov-w^
Xeifxlo-a-i

D.

XeifiMV-i
sraacLAB.

PLURAL.
T]pO}-S
heroes.

N.

&

V.
A. G.

^/XB-y,

ahera
TjpOD-a

twohavea.

= nfx^

iJp(i>-

T}pa}-as
Tjpui-tav
i}p<i>-<Tl

tjpoo-oi

ripda-OlV

D.

^p(0-t

iipw-oiv

226
SINOULAR.

FIRST GKEEK READER.

DUAL.

PLCRAL.

N.

iX^u-i,
a
fish.

masc,

ixOu-e,
two
fishes.

ixOu -e?
fishes.

ix0v9t

V. 1x66 A. IxOv-v
G.
i^Pv-os

lyQv-e
l-^Qv-e

= ixOvs lx6u--a? = t^^yy

ixOv -e?

ixOu-oiv

ixOv -0)V

D. lx0v-t
SIKaULAB.

IxQv-oiv
VVAh.
iroifiev-e,
two shepherdi.
TTOi/uLev-e

ixOv -(Tl
PLURAL.
TTOifiev-ef,
shepherds.

N.

&V.

rrroijui^p,

masc,

a shepherd.

A. TTOijuev-a
G.
TTOt/UieV-OS

TTOifiev-ai
TTOljUieV-MV
TTOifxe-a-

TTOllXeV-OlV iroiixiv-oiv

D.
N.
V.

TTOlfieV-l

avrjp ,
a

masc,
vir.

auSpCi
two men.

avSp-e^f
men.

man

= Latin,

avep
(for

avSp-e

avSp-eq

A. av-S- pa
G. av-S- pos

avepa)

auSp-
avSp-oiv avSp-oiv

avSp-ag
avSp-cov
avSpd-(ri

D.

av-S- pi

SINGUtAB.

DVAU

PLURAL.

N.

&

V. A.
G.
J).

1S,vo(l)wv,
Xenophon.

masc,

'iE!tvo(f)U)t>T-a

'i3,evo(b(iovT-og

'^evo(puivr-i

N. V.

&

A.

crw/ua, neut.;
a body.

(rco/J.aT-,

(ru)fiaT-a,
bodies.

two bodies.

G, croofxaT-o?

(TW/UidT-OlV
a-cofiar-oii'

arcouaT-<eu
(Ta>jJLa-(Ti

D.

crcofiaT-i

FIBST GREEK RHATHTR.

SI5Gin,AK.

227
FLITRAU

DUAIb
(

N.

&

V.

opvi^,

m.

or

f.,

opvi6-
two
birds.

opviO-eSf
birdi

a bird or fowl

A. opvi6-a,OTopvtv
G.
opvi6-09

6pvi6-e

opvi6-ag
6pvlQ-<av
opvi-<ri

6pvi6-c<iv
opvlO-oiv
VVlh.

D. OpVlB-L
SI50ULAB.

PLCUAL.

N.

/j.avTi-9,
prophet or

masc.,
seer.

fidvre-e,
two prophet*

fiavre-es
prophets.

fxavreif,

V. fldvTl A. fiavTi-v
G. fidvre-co^

uavre-e
fxavre-e

fiavre-e^

fiavT-as
/J.dvT-0)V

= fxairreig = fiavreig

fxavre-oiv
fiavre-oiv

D. fidvTH

= fidvrei
BIK0OT.A1t.

fiaVTihO-l
SCAL.

N.V.&A.

Tiy(0-^,
awalL

neut.

rei^e-e
two
wallai

Tet^'/.

G. TCi'^e-os
T).

Tl-^0V9

Tf^e-OlV
Tl')^-01V

re/^e-f == Tl-^l

= =

TCf^OlV
Tei-)(01V

walla.

G. Tet^e-v

Te/^c

SnroiTLAR.

DUAIi.

PLXmAL.

/8a<rtXe-ep, -6??,
a kin^

two Unga.

V. ^aa-iX-ev

^aa-iXe-e
j8a<r/Xe-

^acrtXe-ep, -??

A. ^aaiXe-d
G.
^acriXe-ojg
8a(TiXe-i', fiaa-ikel

^atriXe-d^, -ig

^aariXe-oiv ^aa-iKi-oiv

^acrtXe-wv
Baa-iXeva-t

D.

J28

FIEST GREEK

READER

ADJECTIVES.
BINGULAR.
Masc.
Fein. o-e/xiz-ij

Nent
(rejULv-ov

N.
V.

<rfiv-6i,
venerable.

(TIJiV-e

(re^iv-jy
o-e/jtiA-jJi/

a-eixv-ou

A.
G.

(refiv-ov crefxv-ov

aefiv-ov
a-ejuv-ov
cre/uLv-^

(reiuv-ijg
a-efJLp-rj

D.
N. V.
G.

arefiv-w
DUAL.

& A. & D.
&;

a-fiv-u>

(Te/ti/-a

a-efjiv-u)

orefiv-oiv

arefiv-oiv

PLURAL.

N.

V. A.
G,

crefiv-ol

(refiv-al
(refjLv-dg

a-efiv-d

creixv-ovi
arejuLv-wu

creixv-a

aeixv-wv
aejuLv-ais

(re/xv-wv
(refJLu-019

D.

crejmp-ois

SINGULAR.
Masc.

Fem.

Nent

N. ^ap-vs,
heavy.

^ap-eia ^ap-ia
/Sap-eiav
(3ap-eia^
-e

I3ap-v

V. /3a^i;

^ap-vv

^ap-v ^ap-v
^ap-09
^ap-ei,
-ei

G. jSap-ioi

D. I3ap-i,
N. V.

^ap-ela
DUAL.

G.

& A. & D. & V.

^ap-ie
^ap-oiv
Masc.

/Sap-ela

jSap-ie
/3ap-oiv
Nent

^ap-eiaiv
PLURAL.
Fem.
- er?
- 19

N.

l3ap-g,

I3ap-iai

A, ^ap-eas,
G. ^ap-etov D.
)8a/)-eV/

^ap-eia^
l3ap-io)v

^ap-ia ^ap-ea
(3ap-ecov

Bap-iai9

^ap-icri

FIEST GKEEK READEE.

8IH0UI.A&.

229

N.
much, many

TTOW-IJ

TTOX-V

V. TToX-y

xoXX-i;
-TTOW-^V
TroXX-tjg

TTOX-J
TTOX-U

A. TToX-VV
G.

TTOW-OV
xoXX-o)

TTOXX-OU
7roXX-c5

D.

TToW-tj
PLURAL.

N.

&

V. iroW-oi
A.
G.
TToXX-ot/y

TToW-al
TToXX-a?
TToXX-toJ/

TToXX-a

TToXX-a

iroXk-wv

TTOXX-WV
TToXX-OlS

D. TToXK-Oti

TToW-aig
SISQULAR.

N. fiey-as,
great, large.

/aeyaX-T]

fiiy-a
(xiy-a

V. fiey-a

fieyaX-tj

A. fiiy-av
G. fMcyaX-ov

fieyaX-rjv
/xe-yaX-j/?

fxiy-a

fxeydX-ov
fjLeyaX-<a

D. lneyaX-ip

/xeydX-^
PLURAL.

N.

&

V. fjLeyaX-oi

fxeyaX-ai

fieydX-a
IJ.eya.X-a

A. fjLeyaX-ovg
G. IxeyaX-wv

fieyaX-as

fxeydX-wv
fxeyaX-aii

fieyaX-cov

D. fjLeyaX-o if

fieydX-oii

RELATI VE PRONOUN, Who Which

,

That.

SIXGULAR.
Masc.

DUAL.

Fem.

Neut

Masc
rf

Fem.

Neut
rf

Muw. 01

PLURAL. Fem.
If

Kent

N. OS
A. ov
G. o5

V
f
tjv
r}s

o
rt

CO
rf

ff

0}

at
tt

ff

o
OV

CO

a
aiv
9 ?

ft

ovg
cov

a?

oiv
p

D.

CO

OIV

aiv

9 oiv * OIV

wv
p

cov

ok;

aif

p oi9

230

FIKST

GREEK EEADKR.

THE THREE PERSONAL PRONOUNS.

DUAL.

N.
I lego].

VW, we twa

we.

A.

efJLf

or

/te,

VCOf

me.

na twa

us.

G. D.

e/ULOv,
of me.

or
or

fJLov,

PMV,
of US two.

of

as.

ifxoi,

fioi,
to or for 08

to or for me.

twa

to or for OS.

SIKaiTI.AB.

DUAL.

PLURAL.

N.
A. D.

OT/,

(T^O),
[tu].

thou

you two.
(T(pCO

you.

(re

Q. (ToO
(To/

arcpwp
(rd)wv

VfJLWV

VfllV

N. A.
D.
Masc.

SINOTTLAR.

(r<peig, they
him.

e [se],

G. ov [sui]
ot [sibi]
BIHO0LAR.
Fem.

D0AL.

Neut

Fem.

Nent

N. OVTOif
this.

aUTf}

TOUTO

TOVTO)

(ravTo) (ravTo)
TttVTaiV

tovtco

A. TOVTOV TaVTtJV TOUTO

TovTW

tovtw
TOVTOlt

G. TOVTOV TaVTt]S TOVTOV TOVTOIV D. TOVTW TauTrj TOVTW TOVTOIV

PLURAL.
Masc.

TaVTatV
Nent

TOVTOIV

Fem.

N. OVTOl
A. TOVTOVS
G. toJtcov

avTai

TavTa9
TOVTCOV

TavTa TOVTa
TOVTCOV

D. ToyVot?

TavTai9

TOVT019

FORMATION OF THE

TENSES OF GEEEK VERBS.

The following
Btiles attempt to account for the formation of all the Tenses

of Begular Verbs.

Bat analogy

is

so often departed

from in conjngation, and

dialectic peculiarities so often occur, that it is impoasible to provide for every

irregularity.

As many verbs

are defective,

the student cannot be too ear-

nestly urged to consult a good List of Irregular

Greek Verbs, in regard to each.

The

principal parts of a
ACTTTB.

Greek verb are

PASSIVE.

Present, Xuto

Future,

Future, XvO^a-ofiai
\vcra>

Perfect, \eXvfxai
Perfect, Xe'Xu/ca

I. ACTIVE
Rule.

VOICE.
is

I.-IMPERFECT TENSE.

The
-as

imperfect active

formed from the

present by prefixing the augment, and changing the

termination

into -ov

as,

Xi/o)

eXi/oj/

Tvinto

erviTTOV

1.

Rule I.

ll.-FUTURE

TENSE
is

In verbs not liquid, the future active

cr

formed from the present by insertiug

before -w;

as,

232

FORMATION OF TENSES.
\va>
Xvcroo

ypacpo)

ypdy^w
\eP(o
insert
cr;

Xeyco
2.

Rule

II.

Liquid verbs do not

if
;

they

only shorten the penult *

clined as contracted forms
imevco

it is long, as,

and are de&c.

i"

fxevca, eff, ei,

CTTreipoD
<Paii/(io

(nrepw,

eff,

e?,

&a

(pavco, &c.

KpLVM

KpXvW, &C.

SPECIAL RULES.
A..

MUTE VERBS.
, 9,
o-,

3.

(1.)

Before -crw reject r,

and

v',t

as,

avvTO)
aSco
TrXj/Oft)

avv(T(i>

acroo

ttX^ctw
TrXctcra)

irKaadw, or TrXaTTW
airev^ia

(nrela-oo
TJ;\|/-to)

\\

rvTrroo

voiniQa
4.
(2.)

POfiicrco

(Att.

vofJLiu))

Many
;

verbs in

-cro-w

and

-^ft)

make

-^co

in the future

as,
is

* The long penult

consonants
;

shortened by rejecting the latter of two vowels or

airepQ
;

as, cnrelpo),

rif^vtis, re/iio.

The

variable vowels are

short in the future.

t In the

future, -w,

-eis,

&c., are contracted for -^w, -^j, &c.

hence

the circumflex.

J See Appendix, page

II

153,

ii.

10.

See note,
its

p. 31.
;

has

Most of these verbs have stems ending in a guttural stem irpay-, and Kpi^w, Kpay-. Hence -{w in the

thus, irpdffffoi
future.

AcmvB
Trpacrcru),

VOICE.

233
Trpa^a -to

or TrpaTTco

Kpdl^co

Kpd^a -to

5.

(3.)

And some have

B.

both

-crto

and -^w

PURE VERBS.
-e'o),

6.

(1.)

Verbs in -aw,
its

-oo?,

change the short

-a-u)
;

vowel into

corresponding long before

TlfXrjCTUi

as,

TlfiaU)

(piXew
orjXoco
7. (2.)

(biXriau)

Exc.
;

But some

oriXwo'co

verbs retain the vowel of

the present

as,

eao)

eacroy

yeXdco
TeXeci)

(yeXdcrw) yeXdaofxai
TeXe<ra)
apocra)

apow
8.

(3.)

And some
aiveco
TTOveta

in -eu)

have both forms

-jycrw

as,

alv-eaw, or
irov-ia-iOf

(Epic, &c.)

or -^aco

9. (4.)

Some
TTveco

in -ew

make

their future in -eJo-w; as,

Twevcrui
pv<T(a

peco (to flow)

lll.-FIRST AORIST.
1.

Rule.

The
as,

first

aorist active is

fonned from

the future
-o)

by
;

prefixing the augment,

and changing

into -a
It

different dialects.

mast be observed that the different forms generally belong to Hence the student must be careful to consult a good Lexicon, or Lbt of Irregular Greek Verbs.

234

FORMATION OF TENSES.
Xvcrco

eXvaa

Tvy^co
TijuLtjcroo

TU^a
eTifitjcra

Xe^co
2.

eXe^a
is

But

in liquid verbs the penult

lengthened

by changing e of the future into ei, and a short variable vowel into its own long as,
;

fxevM
a-Trelpco

fievo)

ejueipa

(TTrepw
crreXS)
(pavo)
TTiavoo

ecnreipa
ecTTeiXa
(pr]va

oireXXw
(paivia
TTiaiPOO

eTTidva

KplvU)
'

KpCVO)
a/uivpoo

Kplva
ijfivva

a/xvvw

3.

There are a few

first aorists

which do not
;

re

tain the characteristic of the future

Sl^CdlJLL

as,
eScoKa
eOtjKa

Scoa-co
Oi^a-O)
t]cro)

TlOtJ/Xl
7t}fii

^Ka
Ixea (xew)

Also

elira {(pfjfju)

jjveyKa (cpepco)

IV.-FIRST PERFECT.
1.

Rule.

The
-co
-cro),

first

perfect active

is

formed from the

reduplication),*
{i.e.,

future

by

prefixing the

augment (with
into
-rKa

and changing
from
-ft)

or

-orco

or -d

making
-y^cci)
;

-ku
as,

or

--^a

from

-^co,

and

-(pa

from

* See p. 62, 11. But it must be remembered that those verbs have no reduplication which begin (a) with a vowel, {b) with a double consonant, (c) with two consonants, except certain combinations made up of a

mute followed hj a

liquid.

Acnvc yoicK.
\traXXct)

S6
eyj/aXxa

-vp^oXw

ayyeXXo)
(paii'O}

ayye\u>
(pavw
\v(ra>

f^yyeKKa
Tre(payKa

Xvo)
irXeKCd

XeXvKa
xexXep^a
Tervcpa
as,

7rXe^(o
Tu\|/-ft)

TVTTTto
2.

In some verbs the radical vowel t is changed ; arroXica crreXcd (xreXXw

Te'ivta

Tvw
airepw

Teraxa

TTreipw
3.

eairapKa
yuevo), fie/jLevrjKa.

^aXkco makes ^ipKriKa, and

V.-FIRST PLUPERFECT.

Rule.
syllabic

The

first

pluperfect active
-a into -eiv,

is

formed

fix>m

the perfect

by changing augment (when

XeXf/ca

and prefixing the

as,

possible)

iXcXvKeiv
ereTvcpeiv

Tervcba
lyyyeXxa

tjyyeXKciv

1.

RuLK

The

VI.-SECOND AORIST.B
second aorist active
is

formed

from the simple stem of the verb by prefixing the

augment, and adding the termination -ov
;

as,

See p. 154, 12, Appendix. t This phrase is used merely for convenience, and to agree with general usage. The simple stem of the verb is foond in the second aorist (when it exists) as, t-\ir-op bnt this is osoaUy strengthened in the present by the insertion of a vowel or consonant The radical vowel is often changed. See vi., below.
;
:

X Some verbs reject p before k I The form called the second

028)

as reu>w
aorist is

so also KpUu, xiicpuca. found chiefly in those verbs

:

16

236
Pres.

FORMATION OP TENSES.
Simple Stem.

2Aor.

rvTrro)

TUTT-

ervirov

/3dX\(a
XeiTTft)

/3aX.
XlTT-

ejSaXov
eXiTTOu

Xaju^avM
\av9dvco
2.

\a^XaOto

eXa^ov
eXaQov
have had two stems

Some verbs seem

a,
e,
i,

thus, Tefxvoo has 2 aor. ere/uov

and

erajULou

and many

verbs have

v,
I,

in the aorist, while the present

eu.

has

J?,

ft),

6,

1, ai,

or

See

vii.

2,

below, with

examples.

VII.-THE
1.

SECOND PERFECT.
is

Rule.

Tlie second perfect active

formed

from the simple stem of the verb by prefixing the

augment (with
mination -a
Pres.

reduplication),

and adding the

8 Pert

ter-

as,
Simple Stem.

TVTTTCa
2,

TVTT-

TCTUTTa
is

Eut the
a, a,
e,
I,

radical

vowel

often changed
ei,

viz.,

from presents in

e
f]

or or
or

into o into
>/

from presents in
from presents in from presents in

ai,
et,

e, ei,

or
oi.

i,

into o

into

As,
^

SepKOjxai
KTiv(a

eSpaKov eKTavov

SiSopKU
eKTOva
XeXrjOa

XavOdvoi) (X^Ow)
which have no
stem
in the
first aorist
;

eXaOov

for

verbs, as a general rule, have no second aorist

very few verbs have both tenses. Pure also those verbs whosa
;

second aorist would be the same as in the present

e.g., \4yti).

PASSIVE VOICE.
ipa'ivu)

237

e(f)dinjv

(2 aor. pass.) ireiprjva

TiKTU)

ersKOv
eXiTTOu

TeroKa

XeiTTw

XeXonra

Rule.

The
-iv

VIII.-SECOND PLUPERFECT.

second pluperfect

is

fomied from the

second perfect by prefixing the augment, and changing -a into

;

as,

Tervrra, erervireiv.

II. PASSIVE
I.-PRESENT.

VOICE.
is

Rule.

The

present passive (and middle)

formed

from the present active by changing -w into

TUTTTO)
TVTTTOJJLai

-o/xai ; as,

II.-IMPERFECT.

Rule.

The

imperfect

passive

(and middle)

is

formed from the present by prefixing the augment,

and changing

-/xat

into

-/J.t]v

as,

Tvirrofiai
Svva/xai

eTVTrTOfitjv

eSvvdutjv

lll.-FIRST
1.

FUTURE.
is

Rule.

The

fii-st

future passive
-co

formed from
-Orja-o/xai

the future active

as,

by changing

or -a-w into

238

FORMATION OF TENSES.
ayyeXu)
\v(T(jo

ayyeXd^aofiai
XvOtjcrojuai

Tvy^oo
2.

TucbOrjcrojuai
cr

*
:

Many
(a)

verbs insert

before -6wonji.ai
;

Certain pure verbs

/cXe/ft)

as,

K\i.i(r6ri(T0iJ.ai

/cXa/o)
TeXe'ft)

icXava-drjcro^aL

TeXecrO^crofxat

(6)

Verbs which
cr,

reject a consonant (r, S,

;

9,

^) in the future active

Tre/cTft)

as,

TreiOco
3.

TreKrO^aofxat.

Some
;

verbs
as,

shorten

the last vowel of the

future stem

alprja-w

atpeQrjcroixai

IV.-FIRST AORIST.

Rule.
the
first

Tlie first aorist passive is

formed

from

future passive,

by

prefixing the augment,

;

and changing

-Qna-otxai into -Qriv

as,

XvO/iaojuai

eXv6r}i/

TvcpOwo/nai
TeXea-O^crofxai
SoO^crofxai
TeOrjcrofxai

eTV(p6>]P

ereXecrOijv
iSoOijv ereOijv

V.-PERFECT.
1.

Rule.

The

perfect passive
p.

is

formed from the

to.

The rules of euphony,

153, must be attended

p.

t See Appendix, Euphony,

153,

i.

3.

PASsrvB voicK
first

239

future passive,

by

prefixing the
-Otjcro-

augment (with
-ytiat;

reduplication),

and rejecting

before

* as,

^ov\ev6r/(rofxai
\i(p6f](T0fJi.ai

l3el3ov\v/xai XeXetyu/iat

2.

Exc.

But

o;

before -Qriaofiai does not always

remain before

-fxai

and some verbs which have not

it

o-

in the future assume

fivt]a6t](T0fxai
cr(a6j](rofi.ai

before -fiai (see p. 153,7); as,

fxe/iti/r]/jiai

(reaaxTfiai

3.

few verbs lengthen the

;

last

vowel of the

future stem

as,

alpeO^crofiai
4.
is

^pijfxai
fi

In the Attic

dialect, v before
a;

(see p.

154, 13)

sometimes changed into

7re(pafxfxai,

thus, irecpav/xai should

irecpacrfMai.

become
5.

but

is

made

The

three verbs, T^oeVo), rpecpw, and (rrpecpw,

change the vowel of the future stem, making TCTpa/j.fiai, TcOpafMfjLai, ecrrpafi/xai.

VI.-THE PLUPERFECT.

Rule
ing
-fxai

The
into

pluperfect passive

is

formed from the

perfect passive,

by

prefixing the augment,

as,

and chang-

-p-rjv',

TeTVfifxai

ereTVfifjitjv

XeXv/xai

iXeXvfirjv

fullj attended

* In declining the perfect passive, the rules of enphonj most be careto, viz., p. 153, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; and p. 154, 11, It must further be remarked that, in the terminations -<rBow, 12, 13.
<r

ffOe, -cdcu, -ffdw, -ffOwv, the

is

rejected

when another consonant

pre-

cedes

as, TiTV<t>Bo, for

Tirvwadom.

240

FORMATION OP TENSES.
VII.-SECOND AORIST.

Rule.

The
Pres.

second aorist passive

is

formed from

the simple stem of the verb,

by

prefixing the aug-fjv

;

ment, and adding the termination

Simple Stem.

as,
2 Aor.

RuLK

The
Pros.

VIII.-SECOND FUTURE.*

second future passive

is

formed from
2 Fut.

the simple stem,

by adding
TUTT-

-i/cro/xat

as,

Simple Stem.

Tl/TTTO)

TU7r^(T0/J.ai

IX.-THIRD FUTURE,

Rule.
adding

The

OR PAULO POST FUTURE.

is

third future passive

formed from

the simple stem, by prefixing the reduplication, and

-crojULai
;

as,

Xuft)

XeXvcrofxai

III. MIDDLE VOICE.

I.-PRESENT AND IMPERFECT.
[See corresponding tenses of Passive, p.

237]

II.-FUTURE

Rule.
future

The

future middle

is

formed from
-ofiai,

the
in

active,

by changing -w into
;

and

liquid verbs into -ovjuai

* The second future
is

as,

of rare occurrence.

See note

||,

p.

235.

MIDDLE VOICE.
Xuo-to
fxevu)

241

Xva-ofiai
fievovfxai

Rule.
the

The

ill-FlRST AORIST.
first

aorist

middle

is

formed

from

future middle,

by prefixing the augment, and

;

changing

-o/mai into -afirjv

as,
eTir<\raiJ.r]v

Tvy^ofxai

K.B.

In

Xe^ofxai

eXe^dfirjv

liquid verbs the penult is lengthened, as

in the first aorist active, which see, p, 234, 2.

IV.-SECOND AORIST.

Rule.
ing

The
;

second aorist middle

is

formed from

the simple stem,

-ofitjv

by

prefixing the augment, and add-

as,
Stem.

Prea.

9Aor.

XetXft)

XlTT-

eXlTTOflTJV

[See the Second Aorist Active.]

GENERAL VIEW.

From change Future. From

Present.
Imperfect.
-o)

ACTIVE VOICE

Either simple or strengthened stem.

present
;

prefix

augment,

and

into -ov.

present
;

insert

a-

before

to

in pure

and mute verbs

penult
Aorist
I.

in liquid verbs shorten the

cr.

(if

From

long) without insertion of

future; prefix augment,

and change

-co

into -a.

242

FORMATION OF TENSES.

Perfect

cation),

Pluperfect

-a into

Aorist

II.

nation
Perfect II.

From and change From Simple From

I.

future

augment (with

redupli-a.

-w or -o-m into -Ka or

;

I.

perfect

augment, and change

-eiv.

stem, with augment, and termi-

-ov.

duplication),

Pluperfect II.

^From

augment (with simple stem and add the termination -a.

;

re-

second perfect

augment, and

change -a into

-iv.

Future. From From Perfect. From and From From

-fiat

PASSIVE VOICE.
;

From present active change -w into -ofiai. Present. From present augment, and change Imperfect.
;

into

-fitjv.

the future active

change

-co

or -o-w

into
I,

-OfjcrofJLai.

Aorist

future
-6t]v.
;

augment,

and change
reduplica-

-Otjarofiai

into

future

augment (with
-/uLai.

tion),

reject -drjao- before

Pluperfect.
-jmai

perfect

augment,

and change
-tjp

into

-fxt]v.

Aorist

II.

simple stem; augment, and add

From Imperfect From From

Present.
-fjiai

MIDDLE VOICE.
;

I
-ofxai.

present active
present
;

change -w into

augment,

and change

into

-fjujv.

Future.

future active

change - into -ofiau

GEKEBAL VLKW.
Aorist
I.

into

Aorist II.

From From

future

augment, and change

-/xrjv

-oiJ.at

-a/xrjv [or,

add

to first aorist active].

;

simple stem

augment, and add

TABLE
SHOWINQ THE FORMATIONS ACCORDING TO THE PRECEDING SCHEME.
Note, that thoteform* which hteome principal partt, art
type,

aUo

ffiven,

in bolder

and xciih a waved line underneath, in

the column to which eadi properly

belongs, at being themtelvet derived.

PRINCIPAL PARTS.
TUTTTto)

ACTITE.

PASSIVE.

MIDDLE.
Ti}rro/iot

T&rroiiM
(Tvrroy

Tvy^w
(rv\pa

TV(p6t^(ro/xai

ri^ofuu

TeTV<pa Tervcba
irerOipfiP

TV(p6i}arofiai

Tervju/xai
TeTV/JLfiai
irerimiriv
Simple Stem.

(rvTOf

TVr-fjffO/JMl
Tenu^f/OfjLoi

trvrbiiifv

rirwa
h-T{nrew

244

PURE VERBS.

PURE VERBS-

INDICATIVE.

SUBJtjNCTIVK.

Pres.

\i5w

Xi/w

Imperf.

^vov
Xi5(r

>
<

Fut.

Aor.
Perf.

\6<TU

\6\vKa
iXeMKeif

XeXiJxw

Pluperf.

Pfes.

Mo/mi
i\v6iJ.7i

XibJfJMl

Imperf.

m >

Fut.

I.

\v6-^ao/J,ai

1
<

Aor.
Perf.

iUOrjv

XvOQ
\e\v/Mipos
(3

\^v/uu
iXeki/iriP

Pluperf.

I
Ma/uu

Put. III.

\{\i(rofiai

Pres.

\ionai
i\v6fir}v

Imperf.

Fut.

\6aofJiai
iXvcrd/JLTiv

a
Aor.

Xicw/Mi

PURE VERBS.

245

\vM,

loose.

OPTATITB.

IMPKKATIVE.

IHFISITIVE.

PARTICTPLB.

Xi^;u

XOe

Xveip

Xvoiv

XiiTOlfU

Xvceiv
XvffOf

Xvffuv
Xiffas

\6ffaifu
Xe\iJKOifU

Xvaai
XeXvK^vat

XiXvKS

XeXvKws

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ett]v

Xvdijvcu.

XvOdt
XeXu/iA-os

XeXv/iivos

XAvffo

Xe\6(r0ai

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XeXijo-eadat,

XeXvffonevos

Xvot/iriv

Ximi

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Xvffdfievos

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246

MUTE

VERBS.

MUTE VERBSINDtOATIVK.

SUBJUNCTIVK.

Pres.

riiTTO}

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Imperf.
Fut.
Aor,
I.
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[ruirTT^ffw]
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>
Perf.

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I.

TeTi;0W

Pluperf.

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Aor. II.
Perf. II.

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TeT&irco

* Th-vira

Pluperf. II. * ireriTteiv

Pres.

r&TtTOfiai

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* Tvcpd'^ffofiai
I.

^
xa

Aor.
Perf.

h'i>(f>6r]v {irvirT-fid-riv]

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th-vfinai [and TeT&irrriiMi]

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TvirQ

Tvn-^ffOfiat

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* TTii\f'oiiai

Pres.

T&lTTO/iat.

T&irrunai

i p
a

Imperf.
Fut.

irvirrbiiriv

Tifofuu
I.

[Ttrtrrijffo/iot]

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II.

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Note.

Those parts which are not found,

brackets exist,

or which are used only in and some of them are more Attic than those of the

MUTE VERBS.

247

ryTTTO),

strike.

OPTATIVE,

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ISFISITIVE.

PAKTICIPLE.

T&rroifu

tiJttoi/

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post-classical

times,

arc

marked with an

Oiiterisk.

The forms

in

regular formiation.

248

MUTE VERBS.

MUTE VERBS-

INDICATIVE.

SUBJUNOTIVK.

Pres.

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Fut.

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M9

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/ plait.

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iinriHiTivB.

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2S0

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MUTE VERBS

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SUBJUNCTIVE.

Pres.

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Perf.
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a28i

17

252

MUTE VERBa

MUTE VERBS

INDICATIVE.

SDBJ0NCTITE.

Pres.

velOu
iireidov
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I.

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MUTE VEBBS.

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LIQUID VEBBS.

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