9

Vector Calculus

DO NOT USE THIS PAGE

504

9.13

Surface Integrals

EXERCISES 9.13
Surface Integrals
1
1
3
1. Letting z = 0, we have 2x + 3y = 12. Using f (x, y) = z = 3 x y we have fx = ,
2
4
2
3
29
2
2
fy = , 1 + fx + fy =
. Then
4
16

6

 6


6
42x/3 
2
29
29
1 2 
A=
4 x dx =
29/16 dy dx =
4x x 
4
3
4
3
0
0
0
0

29
=
(24 12) = 3 29 .
4
2. We see from the graph in Problem 1 that the plane is entirely above the region bounded by
1
3
1
3
r = sin 2 in the rst octant. Using f (x, y) = z = 3 x y we have fx = , fy = ,
2
4
2
4
29
2
2
1 + fx + fy =
. Then
16

/2

/2
sin 2

/2
sin 2 
29
1 2 
29
A=
29/16 r dr d =
d =
sin2 2 d
r 
4
2
8
0
0
0
0
0

 /2

29 1
29
1
=
sin 4  =
.
8
2
8
32
0

16 x2 we see that for 0 x 2 and 0 y 5, z > 0.

x
Thus, the surface is entirely above the region. Now fx =
, fy = 0,
16 x2
2
x
16
1 + fx2 + fy2 = 1 +
=
and
2
16 x
16 x2
2

5
2

5

5

4

10
1 x 

A=
dx dy = 4
sin
dy
=
4
dy =
.

2
4 0
3
16 x
0
0
0
0 6

3. Using f (x, y) = z =

4. The region in the xy-plane beneath the surface is bounded by the graph of x2 + y 2 = 2.
Using f (x, y) = z = x2 + y 2 we have fx = 2x, fy = 2y, 1 + fx2 + fy2 = 1 + 4(x2 + y 2 ).
Then,

A=
0

1 + 4r2 r dr d =
0

 2

2

1
1
13
2 3/2 
(27 1)d =
(1 + 4r )
.
 d = 12
12
3
0
0

5. Letting z = 0 we have x2 + y 2 = 4. Using f (x, y) = z = 4 (x2 + y 2 ) we have fx = 2x,

fy = 2y, 1 + fx2 + fy2 = 1 + 4(x2 + y 2 ). Then
2

2
2 

2

1
2 3/2 
2
A=
1 + 4r r dr d =
(1 + 4r )
 d
3
0
0
0
0

2
1

=
(173/2 1)d = (173/2 1).
12 0
6

505

9.13 Surface Integrals

6. The surfaces x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2 and z 2 = x2 + y 2 intersect on the cylinder 2x2 + 2y 2 = 2

or x2 + y 2 = 1. There are portions of the sphere within the cone both above and

x
below the xy-plane. Using f (x, y) = 2 x2 y 2 we have fx = 
,
2 x2 y 2
y
2
fy = 
, 1 + fx2 + fy2 =
. Then
2 x2 y 2
2 x2 y 2




1
2
1

2 
2


A=2
r dr d = 2 2
2 r2  d
2
0
2

r
0
0
0


2

=2 2
( 2 1)d = 4 2( 2 1).
0


7. Using f (x, y) = z = 25 x2 y 2 we have fx = 
y

fy = 

25 x2 y 2

, 1 + fx2 + fy2 =

25y2 /2

A=
0

=5
0

25 x2 y 2

25
. Then
25 x2 y 2

25 x2 y 2

dx dy = 5

sin1

25y2 /2



dy
2
25 y 0
x

25
dy =
.
6
6

8. In the rst octant, the graph of z = x2 y 2 intersects the xy-plane in the line y = x. The
surface is in the rt octant for x > y. Using f (x, y) = z = x2 y 2 we have fx = 2x,
fy = 2y, 1 + fx2 + fy2 = 1 + 4x2 + 4y 2 . Then
2

/4
2 

/4

1
A=
1 + 4r2 r dr d =
(1 + 4r2 )3/2  d
12
0
0
0
0

/4
1

=
(173/2 1)d =
(173/2 1).
12 0
48
9. There are portions of the sphere within the cylinder both above and below the xy-plane.

x
y
Using f (x, y) = z = a2 x2 y 2 we have fx = 
, fy = 
,
12 x2 y 2
a2 x2 y 2
a2
1 + fx2 + fy2 = 2
. Then, using symmetry,
a x2 y 2




/2 
a sin
/2
a sin
a


A=2 2
r dr d = 4a
a2 r2 
d
0
a2 r2
0
0
0

/2

/2

2
2
= 4a
(a a 1 sin )d = 4a
(1 cos )d
0

/2



= 4a2 ( sin )  = 4a2
1 = 2a2 ( 2).
2
0
10. There are portions of the cone within the cylinder both above and below the xy-plane. Using

x
y
f (x, y) = 12 x2 + y 2 , we have fx = 
, fy = 
, 1 + fx2 + fy2 = 54 .
2 x2 + y 2
2 x2 + y 2
Then, using symmetry,

506

9.13


A=2 2

Surface Integrals




/2 1 2 2 cos
5
d
r dr d = 2 5
r 
4
2 0
0
0
0
 /2


/2


1
1
2
=4 5
+ sin 2  = 5 .
cos d = 4 5
2
4
0
0
/2

2 cos

11. There are portions of the surface in each octant with areas equal to the area of the portion

y
in the rst octant. Using f (x, y) = z = a2 y 2 we have fx = 0, fy = 
,
2
a y2
a2
1 + fx2 + fy2 = 2
. Then
a y2
a2 y2

a
a2 y2

a

a

a
x



A=8
dx dy = 8a
dy = 8a
dy = 8a2 .
a2 y 2
a2 y 2 
0

12. From Example 1, the area of the portion of the hemisphere within x2 + y 2 = b2 is 2a(a

the area of the sphere is A = 2 lim 2a(a a2 b2 ) = 2(2a2 ) = 4a2 .

a2 b2 ). Thus,

ba

13. The projection of the surface onto the xz-plane is shown in the graph. Using f (x, z) =

x
y = a2 x2 z 2 we have fx =
,
2
a x2 z 2
z
a2
fz =
, 1 + fx2 + fz2 = 2
. Then
2
2
2
a x2 z 2
a x z
a2 c21

2
a2 c21

2 

a
A=
r dr d = a
a2 r2 
d
2 2 2
a r2
a c2
0
0
a2 c22

2
=a
(c2 c1 ) d = 2a(c2 c1 ).
0

14. The surface area of the cylinder x2 + z 2 = a2 from y = c1 to y = c2 is the area of a cylinder of radius a and
height c2 c1 . This is 2a(c2 c1 ).

15. zx = 2x, zy = 0; dS = 1 + 4x2 dA

4
2 


x dS =
x 1 + 4x2 dx dy =
0

=

0
4

 2

1
(1 + 4x2 )3/2  dy
12
0

13
26
dy =
6
3

16. See Problem 15.

xy(9 4z) dS =
xy(1 + 4x2 ) dS =
S

=
0

xy(1 + 4x2 )3/2 dx dy

0

2
 4


4



y
242
121 1 2 
484
121 4
2 5/2 
dy =
y dy =
(1 + 4x )
y dy =
y  =

20
10 0
10 2
5
0 20
0
0

507

9.13 Surface Integrals

17. zx = 

, zy = 

2 dA.
x2 + y 2
x2 + y 2
Using polar coordinates,

2
1
3
2
2 3/2
xz dS =
x(x + y )
2 dA = 2
(r cos )r3/2 r dr d
S

= 2

= 2
x

r7/2 cos dr d = 2

18. zx = 

; dS =

1

2 9/2
r cos  d
9
0

2

2
2 2
cos d =
sin  = 0.
9
9
0
y

, zy = 

2 dA.
x2 + y 2
x2 + y 2
Using polar coordinates,








(x + y + z) dS =
(x + y + x2 + y 2 ) 2 dA
S

2

; dS =

(r cos + r sin + r)r dr d

= 2

r (1 + cos + sin ) dr d = 2

4

1 3
r (1 + cos + sin )  d
3
1

2

63 2 2

=
(1 + cos + sin ) d = 21 2( + sin cos )  = 42 2 .
3
0
0

x
y
36 x2 y 2 , zx = 
, zy = 
;
2
2
36 x y
36 x2 y 2

x2
y2
6
dS = 1 +
+
dA = 
dA.
2
2
36 x y
36 x2 y 2
36 x2 y 2

19. z =

Using polar coordinates,


2
2
(x + y )z dS =
(x2 + y 2 ) 36 x2 y 2 
S

dA
36 x2 y 2
6

2
1 4 
d = 6
324 d = 972.
r
4 0
0

=6

r r dr d = 6
0

20. zx = 1, zy = 0; dS = 2 dA




1
1x2

z 2 dS =
(x + 1)2 2 dy dx = 2
S

= 2

1


(1 x2 )(x + 1)2 dx = 2

1x2

y(x + 1)2 
dx
0

(1 + 2x 2x3 x4 ) dx

 1

1 4 1 5 
8 2
2
= 2 x+x x x  =
2
5
5
1


508

9.13

21. zx = x, zy = y; dS = 1 + x2 + y 2 dA




1
1 


xy dS =
xy 1 + x2 + y 2 dx dy =
S

1

1
y(1 + x2 + y 2 )3/2  dy
3
0

1
1
2 3/2
2 3/2
dy
=
y(2 + y ) y(1 + y )
3
3
0

1

1
1
1 5/2
2 5/2
2 5/2 
7/2
=
(2 + y ) (1 + y )
 = 15 (3 2 + 1)
15
15
0

Surface Integrals


1 1 2 1 2
+ x + y , zx = x, zy = y; dS = 1 + x2 + y 2 dA
2 2
2
Using polar coordinates,







2z dS =
(1 + x2 + y 2 ) 1 + x2 + y 2 dA

22. z =

R
/2

=
/3

/2


(1 + r2 ) 1 + r2 r dr d

1
2 3/2

(1 + r )

r dr d =

/3

/2

/3

4 2 1  (4 2 1)
=

=
.
5
2
3
30

1



1
1 /2 5/2
2 5/2 
(1 + r )
(2 1) d
 d = 5
5
/3
0

23. yx = 2x, yz = 0; dS = 1 + 4x2 dA

3
2




24 y z dS =
24xz 1 + 4x2 dx dz =
S

2

2z(1 + 4x2 )3/2  dz

= 2(173/2 1)

z dz = 2(173/2 1)
0

24. xy = 2y, xz = 2z; dS =

1 + 4y 2 + 4z 2 dA

Using polar coordinates,

2
2 1/2
(1 + 4y + 4z ) dS =

/2

=

(1 + 4r2 )r dr d

 3
1 2 
3/2
z
 = 9(17 1)
2

/2

/2
2
1
1
3

(1 + 4r2 )2  d =
.
12 d =
16
16 0
8
1


1
1
3
25. Write the equation of the surface as y = (6x3z). Then yx = , yz = ; dS = 1 + 1/4 + 9/4 =
2
2
2


2
63z 



1
14
3z 2 + 4z (6 x 3z)
(3z 2 + 4yz) dS =
dx dz
2
2
0
0
S

2
63z
14

=
[3z 2 x z(6 x 3z)2 ] 
dz
2
0
0

2

 2
14
=
[3z (6 3z) 0] [0 z(6 3z)2 ] dz
2
0

2

2 14

14
14

=
(36z 18z 2 ) dz =
(18z 2 6z 3 )  =
(72 48) = 12 14
2
2
2
0
0

509

14
.
2

9.13 Surface Integrals

26. Write the equation of the surface as x = 6 2y 3z. Then xy = 2, xz = 3; dS =




2
33z/2
33z/2

2

(3z 2 + 4yz) dS =
(3z 2 + 4yz) 14 dy dz = 14
(3yz + 2y 2 z) 
dz
0

1+4+9 =

 





2
z
45
9
z 2
= 14
9z 1
dz = 14
27z z 2 + z 3 dz
+ 18z 1
2
2
2
2
0
0
 2


27 2 15 3 9 4 
= 14
= 14(54 60 + 18) = 2 14
z z + z

2
2
8
0

27. The density is = kx2 . The surface is z = 1xy. Then zx = 1, zy = 1; dS =






1
1x

1 1 3 1x
2
2
m=
x 
kx dS = k
x 3 dy dx = 3 k
dx
S
0
0
0 3
0


1

1

1
3
3
3
=
k
k (1 x)4  =
k
(1 x)3 dx =
3
3
4
12
0
0

3 dA.

y
, zy = 
;
4 x2 y 2
4 x2 y 2

28. zx = 

dS =

1+

x2
y2
2
+
dA = 
dA.
4 x2 y 2
4 x2 y 2
4 x2 y 2

Using symmetry and polar coordinates,

/2
2
2
m=4
|xy| dS = 4
(r2 cos sin )
r dr d
4
r2
S
0
0

/2
2
=4
r2 (4 r2 )1/2 sin 2(r dr) d
u = 4 r2 , du = 2r dr, r2 = 4 u
0



/2
0
1
=4
(4 u)u
sin 2 du d = 2
(4u1/2 u1/2 ) sin 2 du d
2
0
4
0
4
 0


 /2

/2 

/2 

32
2 3/2 
64
64
1
1/2
= 2
8u u
sin 2 d =
sin 2 d = 2
cos 2  =
.

3
3
3
2
3
0
0
4
0

/2

1/2

29. The surface is g(x, y, z) = y 2 + z 2 4 = 0. g = 2yj + 2zk,


yj + zk
|g| = 2 y 2 + z 2 ; n = 
;
y2 + z2

yz
3yz
2yz
+
=
; z = 4 y 2 , zx = 0,
Fn= 
2
2
2
2
2
2
y +z
y +z
y +z

y
y2
2
zy = 
; dS = 1 +
dA = 
dA
4 y2
4 y2
4 y2










3yz
2
3y 4 y 2
2




Flux =
F n dS =
dA =
dA
y2 + z2 4 y2
y2 + 4 y2 4 y2
S
R
R
2

3
2

3

3
3 2 
=
3y dy dx =
6 dx = 18
y  dx =
0
0
0 2
0
0

510

14 .

9.13

Surface Integrals

30. The surface is g(x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 5 = 0. g = 2xi + 2yj + k,


2xi + 2yj + k
z
1 + 4x2 + 4y 2 ; n = 
; Fn= 
;
1 + 4x2 + 4y 2
1 + 4x2 + 4y 2

zx = 2x, zy = 2y, dS = 1 + 4x2 + 4y 2 dA. Using polar coordinates,










z

Flux =
F n dS =
1 + 4x2 + 4y 2 dA =
(5 x2 y 2 ) dA
2 + 4y 2
1
+
4x
S
R
R
 2

2
2

2 

2
5 2 1 4 
=
r r  d =
(5 r2 )r dr d =
6 d = 12.
2
4
0
0
0
0
0

|g| =

2xi + 2yj + k
2x2 + 2y 2 + z
31. From Problem 30, n = 
. Then F n = 
. Also, from Problem 30,
1 + 4x2 + 4y 2
1 + 4x2 + 4y 2

1 + 4x2 + 4y 2 dA. Using polar coordinates,









2x2 + 2y 2 + z 

Flux =
F n dS =
1 + 4x2 + 4y 2 dA =
(2x2 + 2y 2 + 5 x2 y 2 ) dA
1 + 4x2 + 4y 2
S
R
R
 2

2
2

2 

2
1 4 5 2 
2
=
(r + 5)r dr d =
14 d = 28.
r + r  d =
4
2
0
0
0
0
0

i + k
32. The surface is g(x, y, z) = z x 3 = 0. g = i + k, |g| = 2 ; n =
;
2

1
1
F n = x3 y + xy 3 ; zx = 1, zy = 0, dS = 2 dA. Using polar coordinates,
2
2

1
(x3 y + xy 3 ) 2 dA =
Flux =
F n dS =
xy(x2 + y 2 ) dA
2
S
R
R

/2
2 cos

/2
2 cos
=
(r2 cos sin )r2 r dr d =
r5 cos sin dr d
dS =

=
0

/2

2 cos
 /2





1 /2
32
4
1 6
1
7
8

d =
64 cos sin d =
r cos sin 
cos  = .
6
6 0
3
8
3
0
0

33. The surface is g(x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 4. g = 2xi + 2yj + k,


2xi + 2yj + k
x3 + y 3 + z
4x2 + 4y 2 + 1 ; n = 
; Fn= 
;
4x2 + 4y 2 + 1
4x2 + 4y 2 + 1

zx = 2x, zy = 2y, dS = 1 + 4x2 + 4y 2 dA. Using polar coordinates,









Flux =
F n dS =
(x3 + y 3 + z) dA =
(4 x2 y 2 + x3 + y 3 ) dA

|g| =

2

(4 r2 + r3 cos3 + r3 sin3 ) r dr d

=
0

 2

1 4 1 5
1 5 3
3
=
2r r + r cos + r sin  d
4
5
5
0
0


2 

32
32
2
=
4+
cos3 +
sin3 d = 4  + 0 + 0 = 8.
5
5
0
0

511

9.13 Surface Integrals

34. The surface is g(x, y, z) = x + y + z 6. g = i + j + k, |g| = 3 ; n = (i + j + k)/ 3 ;

F n = (ey + ex + 18y)/ 3 ; zx = 1, zy = 1, dS = 1 + 1 + 1 dA = 3 dA.

F n dS =

Flux =


=

S
6

6x

(ey + ex + 18y) dA =

(ey + ex + 18y) dy dx
0

6
6x

(ey + yex + 9y 2 ) 
dx =
[e6x + (6 x)ex + 9(6 x)2 1] dx
0

6

= [e6x + 6ex xex + ex 3(6 x)3 x] 
0

= (1 + 6e 6e + e 6) (e + 6 + 1 648) = 2e6 + 634 1440.86

6

35. For S1 : g(x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 z, g = 2xi + 2yj k, |g| =

2xi + 2yj k
4x2 + 4y 2 + 1 ; n1 = 
;
4x2 + 4y 2 + 1


2xy 2 + 2x2 y 5z
F n1 = 
; zx = 2x, zy = 2y, dS1 = 1 + 4x2 + 4y 2 dA. For S2 : g(x, y, z) = z 1,
2
2
4x + 4y + 1

g = k, |g| = 1; n2 = k; F n2 = 5z; zx = 0, zy = 0, dS2 = dA. Using polar coordinates and R: x2 + y 2 1

we have

F n1 dS1 +

Flux =

F n2 dS2 =

S1

(2xy + 2x y 5z) dA +
2

S2

5z dA
R

[2xy 2 + 2x2 y 5(x2 + y 2 ) + 5(1)] dA

=

R
2

(2r3 cos sin2 + 2r3 cos2 sin 5r2 + 5)r dr d

=
0

 1
2 5
2 5
5 4 5 2 
2
2
=
r cos sin + r cos sin r + r  d
5
5
4
2
0
0
2
 2



2 

2
5
1
5 
2 1
2
3
2
3

=
(cos sin + cos sin ) +
d =
sin cos  + 
5
4
5 3
3
4 0
0
0



2
1
1
5
5
=

+ = .
5
3
3
2
2

36. For S1 : g(x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 4, g = 2xi + 2yj + k, |g| = 4x2 + 4y 2 + 1 ;

2xi + 2yj + k
n1 = 
; F n1 = 6z 2 / 4x2 + 4y 2 + 1 ; zx = 2x, zy = 2y,
2
2
4x + 4y + 1

dS1 = 1 + 4x2 + 4y 2 dA. For S2 : g(x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 z, g = 2xi + 2yj k,


2xi + 2yj k
|g| = 4x2 + 4y 2 + 1 ; n2 = 
; F n2 = 6z 2 / 4x2 + 4y 2 + 1 ; zx = 2x, zy = 2y,
4x2 + y 2 + 1

dS2 = 1 + 4x2 + 4y 2 dA. Using polar coordinates and R: x2 + y 2 2 we have












2
Flux =
F n1 dS1 +
F n2 dS2 =
6z dA +
6z 2 dA

S1

S1

[6(4 x y ) 6(x + y ) ] dA = 6
2

=
R

=6

2 2

[(4 r2 )2 r4 ] r dr d

2 2


 2

2

2

1
1 6 
2 3
(4 r ) r  d =
[(23 43 ) + ( 2 )6 ] d =
48 d = 96.
6
6
0
0
0

512

9.13

Surface Integrals

37. The surface is g(x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 a2 = 0. g = 2xi + 2yj + 2zk,


xi + yj + zk
|g| = 2 x2 + y 2 + z 2 ; n = 
;
x2 + y 2 + z 2

xi + yj + zk
2x2 + 2y 2 + 2z 2
F n = (2xi + 2yj + 2zk) 
= 
= 2 x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2a.
x2 + y 2 + z 2
x2 + y 2 + z 2



Flux =
2a dS = 2a area = 2a(4a2 ) = 8a3
S

38. n1 = k, n2 = i, n3 = j, n4 = k, n5 = i, n6 = j; F n1 = z = 1, F n2 = x = 0, F n3 = y = 1,









F n4 = z = 0, F n5 = x = 1, F n6 = y = 0; Flux =
1 dS +
1 dS +
1 dS = 3
S1

S3

S5

xi + yj + zk
a
39. Refering to the solution to Problem 37, we nd n = 
and dS = 
dA.
2
2
2
2
x +y +z
a x2 y 2
Now
r
r
kq
kq
kq
kq
F n = kq 3
= 2
= 4 |r|2 = 2 = 2
|r| |r|
|r|
|r|
x + y2 + z2
a
and

F n dS =

Flux =
S

40. We are given = kz. Now zx 



x
16

x2

y2

kq
kq
kq
dS = 2 area = 2 (4a2 ) = 4kq.
a2
a
a

, zy = 

y
16 x2 y 2

x2
y2
4
+
dA = 
dA
2
2
2
2
16 x y
16 x y
16 x2 y 2
Using polar coordinates,







2
3
4
Q=
kz dS = k
16 x2 y 2 
dA = 4k
r dr d
16 x2 y 2
S
R
0
0
3

2

2
1 2 
9
= 4k
r  d = 4k
d = 36k.
2
2
0
0
0

41. The surface is z = 6 2x 3y. Then zx = 2, zy = 3, dS = 1 + 4 + 9 = 14 dA.

The area of the surface is






3
22x/3

3
2
A(s) =
2 x dx
dS =
14 dy dx = 14
3
0
0
0
S
 3



1
= 14 2x x2  = 3 14 .
3
0
22x/3




3
22x/3



1
1
1 3
x
=
x dS =
14 x dy dx =
xy 
dx
3 0
3 14
3 14 0 0
S
0

 3




1 3
2
1
2
=
2x x2 dx =
x2 x3  = 1
3 0
3
3
9
0
22x/3






3
22x/3
1
1
1 3 1 2 
y =
y dS =
14 y dy dx =
dx
y 
3 0 2
3 14
3 14 0 0
S
0

2

3   3



1 3
2
1
1
2
 =2
=
2 x
dx =

2 x

6 0
3
6
2
3
3
0
dS =

1+

513

9.13 Surface Integrals

3
22x/3

1
1
z =
z dS =
(6 2x 3y) 14 dy dx
3 14
3 14 0 0
S
 22x/3

 3


3


3 2 
2 2
1
1
1 3
2 3 
2
6y 2xy y 
6 4x + x
dx =
=
6x 2x + x  = 2
dx =
3 0
2
3 0
3
3
9
0
0
The centroid is (1, 2/3, 2).
42. The area of the hemisphere is A(s) = 2a2 . By symmetry, x
= y = 0.
x
y
zx = 
, zy = 
;
a2 x2 y 2
a2 x2 y 2

x2
y2
a
dS = 1 + 2
+ 2
dA = 
dA
2
2
2
2
2
a x y
a x y
a x2 y 2
Using polar coordinates,







2
a
z dS
a
1
1
2
2
2
z=
=
a x y 
dA =
r dr d
2
2a2
2a 0
a2 x2 y 2
S 2a
R
0
a

2

2
1
1 2 
1 2
1
a
=
r
s d = .
d =
2a 0 2 0
2a 0 2
2
The centroid is (0, 0, a/2).


43. The surface is g(x, y, z) = z f (x, y) = 0. g = fx i fy j + k, |g| = fx2 + fy2 + 1 ;

fx i fy j + k
P fx Qfy + R
n= 
; Fn= 
; dS = 1 + fx2 + fy2 dA
1 + fx2 + fy2
1 + fx2 + fy2









P fx Qfy + R 

F n dS =
1 + fx2 + fy2 dA =
(P fx Qfy + R) dA
S
R
R
1 + fx2 + fy2

EXERCISES 9.14
Stokes Theorem
1. Surface Integral: curl F = 10k. Letting g(x, y, z) = z 1, we have g = k and n = k. Then






(curl F) n dS =
(10) dS = 10 (area of S) = 10(4) = 40.
S

Line Integral: Parameterize the curve C by x = 2 cos t, y = 2 sin t, z = 1, for 0 t 2. Then




2
F

dr
=
5y
dx

5x
dy
+
3
dz
=
[10 sin t(2 sin t) 10 cos t(2 cos t)] dt

C
2

(20 sin t 20 cos t) dt =

2

=
0

514

20 dt = 40.

9.14 Stokes Theorem

2. Surface Integral: curl F = 4i 2j 3k. Letting g(x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 16,

g = 2xi + 2yj + k, and n = (2xi + 2yj + k)/ 4x2 + 4y 2 + 1 . Thus,

(curl F) n dS =

8x 4y 3

dS.
4x2 + 4y 2 + 1

Letting the surface be z = 16 x y , we have zx = 2x, zy = 2y, and


dS = 1 + 4x2 + 4y 2 dA. Then, using polar coordinates,







2
4
(curl F) n dS =
(8x 4y 3) dA =
(8r cos 4r sin 3) r dr d
2

 4


2 
8 3
512
256
4 3
3 2 
=
r cos r sin r  d =
cos
sin 24 d
3
3
2
3
3
0
0
0

 2

512
256
=
sin +
cos 24  = 48.
3
3
0

Line Integral: Parameterize the curve C by x = 4 cos t, y = 4 sin t, z = 0, for 0 t 2. Then,




2
[12 cos t(4 cos t)] dt
F dr = 2z dx 3x dy + 4y dz =
C

C
2

2

48 cos2 t dt = (24t 12 sin 2t)  = 48.
0

3. Surface Integral: curl F = i + j + k. Letting

g(x, y, z) = 2x + y +

2z 6, we have
5
g = 2i + j + 2k and n = (2i + j + 2k)/3. Then
(curl F) n dS =
dS. Letting
S
S 3
the surface be z = 3 12 y x we have zx = 1, zy = 12 , and

dS = 1 + (1)2 + ( 12 )2 dA = 32 dA. Then

(curl F) n dS =

5
3

 
3
5
5
45
dA = (area of R) = (9) =
.
2
2
2
2

Line Integral: C1 : z = 3 x, 0 x 3, y = 0; C2 : y = 6 2x, 3 x 0, z = 0; C3 : z = 3 y/2, 6 y 0,

x = 0.








z
dx
+
x
dy
+
y
dz
=
z
dx
+
x
dy
+
y dz

C1

C2

(3 x) dx +

=
0

C3

x(2 dx) +
3

y(dy/2)
6

0
0
 3



 x2  1 y 2  = 9 (0 9) 1 (0 36) = 45


4 6 2
4
2
0
3



4. Surface Integral: curl F = 0 and
(curl F) n dS = 0.


1
3x x2
2

Line Integral: the curve is x = cos t, y = sin t, z = 0, 0 t 2.



2
x
dx
+
y
dy
+
z
dz
=
[cos t( sin t) + sin t(cos t)]dt = 0.

515

9.14 Stokes Theorem

5. curl F = 2i + j. A unit vector normal to the plane is n = (i + j + k)/ 3 . Taking the

equation of the plane to be z = 1 x y, we have zx = zy = 1. Thus,

dS = 1 + 1 + 1 dA = 3 dA and










F

dr
=
(curl
F)

n
dS
=
3
dS
=
3
3 dA

= 3 (area of R) = 3(1/2) = 3/2.

6. curl F = 2xzi + z 2 k. A unit vector normal to the plane is n = (j + k)/ 2 . From z = 1 y, we have zx = 0

and zy = 1. Thus, dS = 1 + 1 dA = 2 dA and



1
z 2 2 dA =
(1 y)2 dA
2
S
R
R
1

2
1

2

2

1
1
2
=
(1 y)2 dy dx =
(1 y)3  dx =
dx = .
3
3
0
0
0
0 3
0

F dr =
C

(curl F) n dS =

7. curl F = 2yi zj xk. A unit vector normal to the plane is n = (j + k)/ 2 . From z = 1 y we have zx = 0

and zy = 1. Then dS = 1 + 1 dA = 2 dA and





1
(z + x)
2 dA =
(y x 1) dA
2
S
R
R
 1


2
1

2

2

1 2
1

=
x
(y x 1) dy dx =
y xy y  dx =
dx
2
2
0
0
0
0
0

 2

1 2 1
= x x  = 3.
2
2
0

F dr =
C

(curl F) n dS =

8. curl F = 2i + 2j + 3k. Letting g(x, y, z) = x + 2y + z 4, we have g = i + 2j + k

and n = (i + 2j + k)/ 6 . From z = 4 x 2y we have zx = 1 and zy = 2. Then

dS = 6 dA and


dr
=
(curl
F)

n
dS
=
6
dA
=
9 dA = 9(4) = 36.
(9)

6
C
S
R
R

9. curl F = (3x2 3y 2 )k. A unit vector normal to the plane is n = (i + j + k)/ 3 . From

z = 1 x y, we have zx = zy = 1 and dS = 3 dA. Then, using polar coordinates,



(curl F) n dS =
( 3 x2 3 y 2 ) 3 dA
F dr =
C

(x2 y 2 ) dA = 3

=3


=3
0

R
2

(r2 )r dr d
0

1

2
1 4 
1
3
r  d = 3
d =
.
4
4
2
0
0

2yj + k
10. curl F = 2xyzi y 2 zj + (1 x2 )k. A unit vector normal to the surface is n = 
. From z = 9 y 2 we
4y 2 + 1

have zx = 0, zy = 2y and dS = 1 + 4y 2 dA. Then

516

9.14 Stokes Theorem

F dr =
C

(curl F) n dS =

y/2

(2y 3 z + 1 x2 ) dA =

[2y 3 (9 y 2 ) + 1 x2 ] dx dy
0

 y/2


3

1
1
1
=
18y 3 x + 2y 5 x + x x3 
9y 4 + y 6 + y y 3 dy
dy =
3
2
24
0
0
0

 3

9
1
1
1
= y 5 + y 7 + y 2 y 4  123.57.
5
7
4
96
0

11. curl F = 3x2 y 2 k. A unit vector normal to the surface is

8xi + 2yj + 2zk
4xi + yj + zk
n= 
=
.
2
2
2
64x + 4y + 4z
16x2 + y 2 + z 2

1 + 3x2
4x
y
From zx = 
, zy = 
we obtain dS = 2
dA. Then
4 4x2 y 2
4 4x2 y 2
4 4x2 y 2
 








3x2 y 2 z
1 + 3x2

2
dA
(curl F) n dS =
F dr =
4 4x2 y 2
16x2 + y 2 + z 2
C
S
R



=
3x2 y 2 dA
Using symmetry
R

2 1x2

2 2

= 12

x y dy dx = 12
0

1 2 3
x y
3

 21x2


dx

0

x2 (1 x2 )3/2 dx

= 32

x = sin t, dx = cos t dt

/2

sin2 t cos4 t dt = .

= 32
0

12. curl F = i + j + k. Taking the surface S bounded by C to be the portion of the plane

x + y + z = 0 inside C, we have n = (i + j + k)/ 3 and dS = 3 dA.











(curl F) n dS =
3 dS = 3
3 dA = 3 (area of R)
F dr =
C

The region R is obtained by eliminating z from the equations of the plane and the sphere.
This gives x2 + xy + y 2 = 12 . Rotating axes, we see that R is enclosed by the ellipse
X 2 /(1/3) + Y 2 /1 = 1 in a rotated coordinate system. Thus,




dr
=
3

(area
of
R)
=
3

1
= 3 .

3
C
13. Parameterize C by x = 4 cos t, y = 2 sin t, z = 4, for 0 t 2. Then





2
(curl F) n dS = F dr = 6yz dx + 5x dy + yzex dz
S

C
2

[6(2 sin t)(4)(4 sin t) + 5(4 cos t)(2 cos t) + 0] dt

0

517

(5 29 sin2 t) dt = 152.

(24 sin2 t + 5 cos2 t) dt = 8

=8

9.14 Stokes Theorem

14. Parameterize C by x = 5 cos t, y = 5 sin t, z = 4, for 0 t 2. Then,





(curl F) n dS = F r = y dx + (y x) dy + z 2 dz
S

C
2

[(5 sin t)(5 sin t) + (5 sin t 5 cos t)(5 cos t)] dt

=
0

(25 sin t cos t 25) dt =

=
0

25
sin2 t 25t
2

 2

 = 50.

0

15. Parameterize C by C1 : x = 0, z = 0, 2 y 0; C2 : z = x, y = 0, 0 x 2;
C3 : x = 2, z = 2, 0 y 2; C4 : z = x, y = 2, 2 x 0. Then





(curl F) n dS = F r = 3x2 dx + 8x3 y dy + 3x2 y dz
C
C
S








2
=
0 dx + 0 dy + 0 dz +
3x dx +
64 dy +
3x2 dx + 6x2 dx
C1

C2

3x2 dx +

=
0

64 dy +
0

C3

C4

2
0
2



9x2 dx = x3  + 64y  + 3x3  = 112.
0

16. Parameterize C by x = cos t, y = sin t, z = sin t, 0 t 2. Then



(curl F) n dS = F r = 2xy 2 z dx + 2x2 yz dy + (x2 y 2 6x) dz
S

C
2

[2 cos t sin2 t sin t( sin t) + 2 cos2 t sin t sin t cos t

=
0

+ (cos2 t sin2 t 6 cos t) cos t] dt

2

(2 cos t sin4 t + 3 cos3 t sin2 t 6 cos2 t) dt = 6.

=
0

2
1
17. We take the surface to be z = 0. Then n = k and dS = dA. Since curl F =
i + 2zex j + y 2 k,
2
1+y










2
2 x
1
2
z
e
dx
+
xy
dy
+
tan
y
dz
=
(curl
F)

n
dS
=
y
dS
=
y 2 dA

S
2

3
2

r sin r dr d =
0

81
4

0
2

sin2 d =
0

3
1 4 2 
r sin  d
4
0

81
.
4

2xi + 2yj + k
18. (a) curl F = xzi yzj. A unit vector normal to the surface is n = 
and
4x2 + 4y 2 + 1

dS = 1 + 4x2 + 4y 2 dA. Then, using x = cos t, y = sin t, 0 t 2, we have









2
2
(curl F) n dS =
(2x z 2y z) dA =
(2x2 2y 2 )(1 x2 y 2 ) dA
S
R
R



=
(2x2 2y 2 2x4 + 2y 4 ) dA
R
2

(2r2 cos2 2r2 sin2 2r4 cos4 + 2r4 cos4 ) r dr d

=
0

0
2

[r3 cos 2 r5 (cos2 sin2 )(cos2 + sin2 )] dr d

=2
0

518

9.15 Triple Integrals

=2
0

1
=
6

(r cos 2 r cos 2) dr d = 2
3

cos 2
0

1 4 1 6
r r
4
6

 1

 d

0

cos 2 d = 0.
0

(b) We take the surface to be z = 0. Then n = k, curl F n = curl F k = 0 and

(curl F) n dS = 0.
S

(c) By Stokes Theorem, using z = 0, we have




(curl F) n dS = F dr = xyz dz = xy(0) dz = 0.
C

EXERCISES 9.15
Triple Integrals

 1

1 2
(x + y + z)dx dy dz =
x + xy + xz  dy dz
2
1
2
2
1

4
2

4

4
4
2


2
=
(2y + 2z) dy dz =
(y + 2yz)  dz =
8z dz = 4z 2  = 48

1.
2

3

x

2
xy

2.

3

=

2
x

24xy dz dy dx =
1

xy

24xyz  dy dx =
2

3

2
x

(24x2 y 2 48xy)dy dx
1

3
x

(8x2 y 3 24xy 2 )  dx =
(8x5 24x3 8x2 + 24x) dx
1

 3

4 6
8 3
14
1552
4
2
=
x 6x x + 12x  = 522
=
3
3
3
3
1
 6x

6
6x
6xz

6
6x

6

1
6z xz z 2 
3.
dy dz dx =
(6 x z)dz dx =
dx
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0



6

6
1
1 2
2
=
6(6 x) x(6 x) (6 x) dx =
18 6x + x dx
2
2
0
0

 6

1
= 18x 3x2 + x3  = 36
6
0


1x

2 3

4.
0

 y

x z  dy dx =

2 4

4x z dz dy dx =
0

1x

1x

x2 y 2 dy dx
0

1x




1 2 3 
1 1 2
1 1 2
dx =
x (1 x)3 dx =
(x 3x3 + 3x4 x5 )dx
x y 
3
3
3
0
0
0
0
 1

1 1 3 3 4 3 5 1 6 
1
=
x x + x x  =
3 3
4
5
6
180
0

519

9.15 Triple Integrals

/2

y2

5.
0

/2
y2

/2
x
x
x
cos dz dx dy =
y cos dx dy =
y 2 sin
y
y
y
0
0
0

/2
=
y 2 sin y dy
Integration by parts

y 2

 dy

0

/2

= (y 2 cos y + 2 cos y + 2y sin y)  = 2
0

6.

ex

x dz dx dy =
0

xex dx dy =
0

2

2
1 x2 
1
(e4 ey )dy
e  dy =

2
2 0
y

2 1

1
1
4
y 
= (ye e )  = [(e4 2 e 2 ) (1)] = (1 + e4 2 e 2 )
2
2
2
0

2x2 y 2

7.

xye dz dx dy =
0

2x2 y2

xye 
dx dy =

(xye2x

y 2

xy)dx dy


 1

1

2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
ye2x y x2 y  dy =
ye1y y + ye2y dy
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
0

 1 

 
1 1y2 1 2 1 2y2 
1 2 1
1 1 1
1
1 2
=
y e
e
 = 4 4 4e 4e 4e = 4e 2e
4
4
4
0

1/2

x2

8.
0

1
x2 y 2

1/2

dy dx dz =
0

sin1

x2

4
1/2
y 
dx
dz
=
sin1 x dx dz
x 0
0
0

Integration by parts

=




9.

(x sin
0

5

3

x+

1/2

1 x2 ) 
dz =
0

y+2

z dV =

0
3

z dx dy dz =
0

=

3

2yz  dz =
1

x2
4

4y

(x2 + y 2 ) dz dy dx = 2

5

4z dz = 2z 2  = 50

10. Using symmetry,

(x2 + y 2 ) dV = 2
D

y+2

xz 

3
1

+
1 dz = + 2 3 4
2 6
2
3

5
3
dy dz =
2z dy dz

x2

4y

(x2 + y 2 )z 
dy dx

(4x2 x2 y + 4y 2 y 3 ) dy dx

=2
x2

 4

1
4
1
4x2 y x2 y 2 + y 3 y 4  dx
2
3
4
0
x2

 

2 
64
5 6 1 8
2
4
=2
8x +
dx
4x + x x
3
6
4
0
 2

8 3 64
5 7
1 9 
23,552
4 5
=2
x + x x x + x  =
.
3
3
5
42
36
315
0

=2

520

9.15 Triple Integrals

2x/2

11. The other ve integrals are

F (x, y, z) dz dy dx,
0

(zx)/2

x+2y

(zx)/2

F (x, y, z) dy dx dz,
0

0
z/2
z2y

F (x, y, z) dy dz dx,

0
2

x
4

0
z2y

F (x, y, z) dx dy dz,
0

F (x, y, z) dx dz dy.
0

2y

364y2 /3

12. The other ve integrals are

369x2 /2

F (x, y, z) dz dx dy,


2

364y /3

F (x, y, z) dy dx dz,
1

F (x, y, z) dx dy dz,
1

3
3
364y2 /3

369x2 /2

F (x, y, z) dx dz dy,
0

F (x, y, z) dy dz dx.
0

13. (a) V =

dz dy dx
x3

14. Solving z =

y 1/3

(b) V =

dx dz dy
0

2z

(b) V =

dy dx dz
0

z2

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

521

x2

z2

dz dx dy +
0

dx dz dy

(c) V =

2z

x and x + z = 2, we obtain x = 1, z = 1. (a) V =

dy dx dz
0

(c) V =

2x

dz dx dy
0

The region in the rst

octant is shown.

9.15 Triple Integrals

21. Solving x = y 2 and 4 x = y 2 , we obtain x = 2, y = 2 . Using symmetry,

3
2
4y2

3
2
V =2
dx dy dz = 2
(4 2y 2 )dy dz
0

=2
0

2

4x2

3

y2

  2


2 3 
4y y  dz = 2
3

x+y

22. V =

2

4x2

dz dy dx =
0

8 2
dz = 16 2 .
3

x+y

z
dy dx
0

 4x2
1 2 
=
xy + y 
(x + y) dy dx =
dx
2
0
0
0
0
2



2 
1
1
1 3 
2
2 3/2
2
=
x 4 x + (4 x ) dx = (4 x ) + 2x x 
2
3
6
0
0

 

4
8
16
= 4

=
3
3
3

4x2

23. Adding the two equations, we obtain 2y = 8. Thus, the paraboloids intersect
in the plane y = 4. Their intersection is a circle of radius 2. Using symmetry,

2
4x2
8x2 z2

2
4x2
V =4
dy dz dx = 4
(8 2x2 2z 2 ) dz dx
x2 +z 2

4x2

2
2

4
2
2
3 
=4
(4 x2 )3/2 dx
2(4 x )z z 
dx = 4
3
0
0 3
0
2

x  
16  x
=
= 16.
(2x2 20) 4 x2 + 6 sin1
3
8
2 0

Trig substitution

24. Solving x = 2, y = x, and z = x2 + y 2 , we obtain the point (2, 2, 8).

 x

2
x
x2 +y2

2
x

2
1 3 
2
2
2
V =
x y + y  dx
dz dy dx =
(x + y ) dy dx =
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2

2
4 3
1 
16
=
x dx = x4  =
.
3
3
0 3
0
25. We are given (x, y, z) = kz.

8
4
y1/3


m=
kz dx dz dy = k
0

y1/3

xz 
dz dy = k
0

4
 8


8
1 1/3 2 
3 4/3 
1/3
y z  dy = 8k
y
y dy = 8k
 = 96k
2
4
0
0
0

=k
0

y 1/3

Mxy =

=k
0

0
8

y 1/3 z dz dy
0

y1/3

xz 
dz dy = k

kz dx dz dy = k
0

y 1/3 z 2 dz dy
0

4
 8


8
1 1/3 3 
64
64
3 4/3 
y 1/3 dy =
y z  dy =
k
k
y
 = 256k
3
3
3
4
0
0
0

522

9.15 Triple Integrals

Mxz =

kyz dx dz dy = k
0

y1/3

xyz 
dz dy = k
0

y 4/3 z dz dy
0

4
 8


8
1 4/3 2 
3 7/3 
3072
4/3
=k
y z  dy = 8k
y
y dy = 8k
 = 7 k
2
7
0
0
0
0
y1/3

8
4
y1/3

8
4

8
4
1 2 
1
=
kxz dx dz dy = k
dz dy = k
y 2/3 z dz dy
x z
2
0
0
0
0
0 2
0
0
0
4
 8


8

8

1
1 2/3 2 
3
2/3
5/3
 = 384 k
= k
y dy = 4k
y z  dy = 4k
y

2 0 2
5
5
0
0
0

Myz

y 1/3

384k/5
3072k/7
256k
= 4/5; y = Mxz /m =
= 32/7; z = Mxy /m =
= 8/3
96k
96k
96k
The center of mass is (4/5, 32/7, 8/3).

x
= Myz /m =

26. We use the form of the integral in Problem 14(b) of this section. Without loss of generality, we take = 1.
 1


1
2z
3

1
2z

1
1 2 1 3 
7
2
m=
dy dx dz =
3 dx dz = 3
(2 z z ) dz = 3 2z z z
=

2
3
2
0
z2
0
0
z2
0
0

1
2z
3

1
2z

1
2z
3

Mxy =
z dy dx dz =
yz  dx dz =
3z dx dz
z2

z2

z2

z2

Myz

z2

z2

 1


1
2z
1 3 1 4 
5

2
3
2
=3
xz 
dz = 3
(2z z z ) dz = 3 z z z
=

2
3
4
4
z
0
0
0
3

1
2z
3

1
2z

1
2z
1 2 
9
=
y dy dx dz =
dx dz
y  dx dz =
2
2 0 z2
0
z2
0
0
z2
0

 1


9 1
9
21
1 2 1 3 
2
=
(2 z z ) dz =
2z z z
 = 4
2 0
2
2
3
0

1
2z
3

1
2z

1
2x
3

=
x dy dx dz =
xy  dx dz =
3x dx dz

Mxz

2z
 1



1 2 
3 1
3
1 3 1 5 
16
2
4
2
x
4z 2z + z z
dz =
(4 4z + z z ) dz =
 = 5
2 z 2
2 0
2
3
5
0

=3
0

16/5
21/4
5/4
= 32/35, y = Mxz /m =
= 3/2, z = Mxy /m =
= 5/14.
7/2
7/2
7/2
The centroid is (32/35, 3/2, 5/14).
x
= Myz /m =

27. The density is (x, y, z) = ky. Since both the region and the density function are symmetric
with respect to the xy-and yz-planes, x
= z = 0. Using symmetry,

3
2
4x2

3
2

3
2 
4x2

m=4
ky dz dx dy = 4k
yz 
dx dy = 4k
y 4 x2 dx dy
0

 3


3  

3
2
x
1 2 
1 x 
2
= 4k
y
4 x + 2 sin
dy = 4k
y dy = 4k
y  = 18k
2
2 0
2
0
0
0

3
2
4x2

3
2

3
2 
4x2
2
2 
Mxz = 4
ky dz dx dy = 4k
y z
dx dy = 4k
y 2 4 x2 dx dy
0

0
3

y2

= 4k
0

y = Mxz /m =

x
2

4 x2 + 2 sin1

2

 3

3
x 
1 3 
2
dy = 4k
y dy = 4k
y  = 36k.
2 0
3
0
0

36k
= 2. The center of mass is (0, 2, 0).
18k

523

9.15 Triple Integrals

28. The density is (x, y, z) = kz.

y+2
1 2 
kz dz dy dx = k
dy dx
z 
0
x2 0
0
x2 2
0
x

1
x

1

1
1
1
2
3 
(y + 2) dy dx = k
k
(y + 2)  dx
2 0 x2
2 0 3
x2

1

1
1
1
k
[(x + 2)3 (x2 + 2)3 ] dx = k
[(x + 2)3 (x6 + 6x4 + 12x2 + 8)]dx
6 0
6 0

1

1 1
1 7 6 5
407
4
3
k (x + 2) x x 4x 8x  =
k
6 4
7
5
840
0

m=
=
=
=

y+2

kz 2 dz dy dx = k
0

y+2

Mxy =
=

1
k
3

x2
1

1
k
12

x2

y+2

1
x
1 3 
1
dy dx = k
(y + 2)3 dy dx
z 
3
3
2
0
x
0

x

1

1
1
4 
[(x + 2)4 (x2 + 2)4 ] dx
(y + 2)  dx =
k
4
12 0
x2

[(x + 2)4 (x8 + 8x6 + 24x4 + 32x2 + 16)] dx

0

1


1
1 9 8 7 24 32 3
1493
1
5
=
k (x + 2) x x
x 16x  =
k
12 5
9
7
5
3
1890
0
y+2

1
x
1 2 
1
dy dx = k
y(y + 2)2 dy dx
yz 
2
2
2
2
2
0
x
0
0
x
0
x
0
 x

1
x

1

1
1
1
4
= k
(y 3 + 4y 2 + 4y) dy dx = k
y 4 + y 3 + 2y 2  dx
2 0 x2
2 0
4
3
x2

y+2

Mxz =

kyz dz dy dx = k


1
4
4
x8 x6 74x4 + x3 + 2x2 dx
4
3
3
0
 1

1
4 7
7 5 1 4 2 3 
68
1 9
= k x x x + x + x  =
k
2
36
21
20
3
3
315
0
=

1
k
2

Myz =

=
=

kxz dz dy dx = k
0

y+2

1
k
2
1
k
6

x2
1

x2

y+2

1
x
1 2 
1
dy dx = k
x(y + 2)2 dy dx
xz 
2
2
2
0
x
0

x

1

1
1
3 
[x(x + 2)3 x(x2 + 2)3 ] dx
x(y + 2)  dx = k
3
6 0
x2

[x4 + 6x3 + 12x2 + 8x x(x2 + 2)3 ] dx

0

1


1 1 5 3 4
1
21
k x + x + 4x3 + 4x2 (x2 + 2)4  =
k
6 5
2
8
80
0

x
= Myz /m =

21k/80
68k/315
= 441/814, y = Mxz /m =
= 544/1221,
407k/840
407k/840

z = Mxy /m =

1493k/1890
= 5972/3663. The center of mass is (441/814, 544/1221, 5972/3663).
407k/840

524

9.15 Triple Integrals

29. m =

1x2

8y

(x + y + 4) dz dy dx

1x2

2+2y

30. Both the region and the density function

are symmetric with respect to the xz- and

2
1+z2
1+z2 y2
yz-planes. Thus, m = 4
z 2 dx dy dz.
1

31. We are given (x, y, z) = kz.

8
4
y1/3


Iy =
kz(x2 + z 2 )dx dz dy = k

 y1/3

1 3
dz dy
x z + xz 3 
3
0
0
0
0
0
0

 4

8
4

8
1
1 2 1 1/3 4 
=k
yz + y 1/3 z 3 dz dy = k
yz + y z
 dy
3
6
4
0
0
0
0


 8

8

8
4
2560
=k
y + 64y 1/3 dy = k
y 2 + 48y 4/3  =
k
3
3
3
0
0


2560k/3
4 5
From Problem 25, m = 96k. Thus, Rg = Iy /m =
=
.
96k
3
32. We are given (x, y, z) = k.
 3

1
2z
3

1
2z 

1
2z

1 3
2
2
2
 dx dz = k
Ix =
k(y + z )dy dx dz = k
(9 + 3z 2 ) dx dz
y + yz

3
0
z2
0
0
z2
0
z2
0

1

1
2z
2 
=k
(9x + 3xz ) 
dz = k
(18 9z 3z 2 3z 3 3z 4 ) dz
z2

 1

9
3
3
223
= k 18z z 2 z 3 z 4 z 5  =
k
2
4
5
20
0
 1


1
2z
3

1
2z

1

1
1
7
m=
k dy dx dz = k
3 dx dz = 3k
(2 z z 2 ) dz = 3k 2z z 2 z 3  = k
2
3
2
2
2
0
z
0
0
z
0
0


Ix
223k/20
223
Rg =
=
=
m
7k/2
70


1x

1xy

1x

(x2 + y 2 )(1 x y) dy dx

(x2 + y 2 ) dz dy dx = k

33. Iz = k
0

1x

(x2 x3 x2 y + y 2 xy 2 y 3 ) dy dx

=k
0


1x
1 2 2 1
1 4 
2
3
3
(x x )y x y + (1 x)y y 
=k
2
3
4
0
0



1
1 2
1
1
1
=k
x x3 + x4 + (1 x)4 dx = k x6
2
2
12
6
0

525

dx
1

1 4
1
1
k
x + x5 (1 x)5  =
4
10
60
30
0

9.15 Triple Integrals

34. We are given (x, y, z) = kx.

1
2
4z


Iy =
kx(x2 + z 2 ) dy dx dz = k
0

36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.

0
1

4z

(x3 + xz 2 )y 
dx dz

2

1 4 1 2 2
=k
(x + xz )(4 2z) dx dz = k
x + x z (4 2z)  dz
4
2
0
0
0
0
 1


1

1

2
1
41
=k
(4 + 2z 2 )(4 2z) dz = 4k
(4 2z + 2z 2 z 3 ) dz = 4k 4z z 2 + z 3 z 4  =
k
3
4
3
0
0
0

x = 10 cos 3/4 = 5 2 ; y = 10 sin 3/4 = 5 2 ; (5 2 , 5 2 , 5)

x = 2 cos 5/6 = 3 ; y = 2 sin 5/6 = 1; ( 3 , 1, 3)

x = 3 cos /3 = 3/2; y = 3 sin /3 = 3/2; ( 3/2, 3/2, 4)

x = 4 cos 7/4 = 2 2 ; y = 4 sin 7/4 = 2 2 ; (2 2 , 2 2 , 0)

With x = 1 and y = 1 we have r2 = 2 and tan = 1. The point is ( 2 , /4, 9).

With x = 2 3 and y = 2 we have r2 = 16 and tan = 1/ 3 . The point is (4, /6, 17).

With x = 2 and y = 6 we have r2 = 8 and tan = 3 . The point is (2 2 , 2/3, 2).

With x = 1 and y = 2 we have r2 = 5 and tan = 2. The point is ( 5 , tan1 2, 7).

35.

43. r2 + z 2 = 25

44. r cos + r sin z = 1

45. r2 z 2 = 1

46. r2 cos2 + z 2 = 16

47. z = x2 + y 2

48. z = 2y

49. r cos = 5, x = 5

50. tan = 1/ 3 , y/x = 1/ 3 , x = 3 y, x > 0

51. The equations are r2 = 4, r2 + z 2 = 16, and z = 0.

2
2
16r2

2
2 
V =
r dz dr d =
r 16 r2 dr d
0

52. The equation is z = 10 r2 .

2
3
10r2


V =
r dz dr d =

=
0

0
2

=
0

2

2


1
1
2
2 3/2 
(16 r )
d
=
(64 24 3 ) d =
(64 24 3 )

3
3
3
0
0

81
81
d =
.
4
2

53. The equations are z = r2 , r = 5, and z = 0.

2
5
r2

2
5


V =
r dz dr d =
r3 dr d =
0

=

0
2

r(9 r2 ) dr d =

5
1 4 
r  d
4
0

625
625
d =
4
2

526

9 2 1 4
r r
2
4

 3

 d

0

9.15 Triple Integrals

54. Substituting the rst equation into the second, we see that the surfaces intersect
in the plane y = 4. Using polar coordinates in the xz-plane, the equations of the
surfaces become y = r2 and y = 12 r2 + 2.


2
2
r2 /2+2

2
2  2
r
V =
+ 2 r2 dr d
r dy dr d =
r
2
0
0
r2
0
0

 2

2
2 

2 

2
1 3
1 4 
2
=
2r r dr d =
r r  d =
2 d = 4
2
8
0
0
0
0
0

55. The equation is z = a2 r2 . By symmetry, x

= y = 0.

2
a
a2 r2

2
a 
m=
r dz dr =
r a2 r2 dr d
0

a



 d =


1 3
1
2
(a2 r2 )3/2
a d = a3
3
3
3
0
0
a2 r2





2
a
a2 r2

2
a
1 2 
1 2 a
rz 
=
zr dz dr d =
dr d =
r(a2 r2 ) dr d
2 0
0
0
0
0
0 2
0
0

 a




1 2 1 2 2 1 4 
1 2 1 4
1
=
a r r  d =
a d = a4
2 0
2
4
2
4
4
0
0
0

Mxy

0
2

z = Mxy /m =

a4 /4
= 3a/8. The centroid is (0, 0, 3a/8).
2a3 /3

56. We use polar coordinates in the yz-plane. The density is (x, y, z) = kz. By symmetry,
y = z = 0.
5

2
4
5





2
4
1 2 
k 2 4
m=
rz  dr d =
kxr dx dr d = k
25r dr d
2 0
0
0
0
0
0 2
0
0
4




25k 2 1 2 
25k 2
=
d =
8 d = 200k
r
2 0 2 0
2 0
5

2
4
5

2
4

2
4
1 3 
1
2
Myz =
kx r dx dr d = k
125r dr d
rx  dr d = k
3 0
0
0
0
0
0 3
0
0
4

2

2
1
125 2 
1
2000
= k
1000 d =
r  d = k
k
3 0
2
3
3
0
0
x
= Myz /m =

2000k/3
= 10/3. The center of mass of the given solid is (10/3, 0, 0).
200k

57. The equation is z = 9 r2 and the density is = k/r2 . When z = 2, r = 5 .

2
5
9r2

2
5 9r2

2
2
Iz =
r (k/r )r dz dr d = k
rz 
dr d
0

2

=k
0

=k

0
2

 5
5 
2 

1
2
3/2
2
(9 r ) r  d
(r 9 r2 2r) dr d = k
3
0
0

8
4
d = k
3
3

527

9.15 Triple Integrals

58. The equation is z = r and the density is = kr.

2
1
1

2

2
2
Ix =
(y + z )(kr)r dz dr d = k
0

(r4 sin2 + r2 z 2 ) dz dr d
r


1

1
(r4 sin2 )z + r2 z 3  dr d
3
r


0 2
0 1 
1 2
1
2
4
5
r sin + r r sin2 r5 dr d
=k
3
3
0
0
 1


2 

2 
1 5 2
1
1 3 1 6 2
1 6 
1
=k
r sin + r r sin r  d = k
sin2 +
d
5
9
6
18
30
18
0
0
0

 2

1
13
1
1
=k

sin 2 +  =
k
60
120
18
90
0

(a) x = (2/3) sin(/2) cos(/6) = 3/3; y = (2/3) sin(/2) sin(/6) = 1/3;

z = (2/3) cos(/2) = 0; ( 3/3, 1/3, 0)

(b) With x = 3/3 and y = 1/3 we have r2 = 4/9 and tan = 3/3. The point is (2/3, /6, 0).

(a) x = 5 sin(5/4) cos(2/3) = 5 2/4; y = 5 sin(5/4) sin(2/3) = 5 6/4;

z = 5 cos(5/4) = 5 2/2; (5 2/4, 5 6/4, 5 2/2)

(b) With x = 5 2/4 and y = 5 6/4 we have r2 = 25/2 and tan = 3 .

The point is (5/ 2 , 2/3, 5 2/2).

(a) x = 8 sin(/4) cos(3/4) = 4; y = 8 sin(/4) sin(3/4) = 4; z = 8 cos(/4) = 4 2 ;

(4, 4, 4 2)

(b) With x = 4 and y = 4 we have r2 = 32 and tan = 1. The point is (4 2 , 3/4, 4 2 ).

(a) x = (1/3) sin(5/3) cos(/6) = 1/4; y = (1/3) sin(5/3) sin(/6) = 3/12;

z = (1/3) cos(5/3) = 1/6; (1/4, 3/12, 1/6)

(b) With x = 1/4 and y = 3/12 we have r2 = 1/12 and tan = 3/3. The point is (1/2 3 , /6, 1/6).

With x = 5, y = 5, and z = 0, we have 2 = 50, tan = 1, and cos = 0. The point is (5 2 , /2, 5/4).

With x = 1, y = 3 , and z = 1, we have 2 = 5, tan = 3 , and cos = 1/ 5 . The point is

( 5 , cos1 1/ 5 , /3).

With x = 3/2, y = 1/2, and z = 1, we have 2 = 2, tan = 1/ 3 , and cos = 1/ 2 . The point is

( 2 , /4, /6).

With x = 3/2, y = 0, and z = 1/2, we have 2 = 1, tan = 0, and cos = 1/2. The point is (1, 2/3, 0).

=k

59.

60.

61.

62.

63.
64.
65.
66.

67. = 8
68. 2 = 4 cos ; = 4 cos

69. 4z 2 = 3x2 + 3y 2 + 3z 2 ; 42 cos2 = 32 ; cos = 3/2; = /6 or equivalently, = 5/6

70. x2 y 2 z 2 = 1 2z 2 ; 2 = 1 22 cos2 ; 2 (2 cos2 1) = 1
71. x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 100
72. cos = 1/2; 2 cos2 = 2 /4; 4z 2 = x2 + y 2 + z 2 ; x2 + y 2 = 3z 2
73. cos = 2; z = 2
74. (1 cos2 ) = cos ; 2 2 cos2 = cos ; x2 + y 2 + z 2 z 2 = z; z = x2 + y 2

528

9.15 Triple Integrals

75. The equations are = /4 and = 3.

2
/4
3


V =
2 sin d d d =
0

=

/4
2

9 cos 
d = 9
0

/4

3

2
/4

1 3
9 sin d d
sin  d d =
3
0
0
0

2
1 d = 9(2 2 )
2

76. The equations are = 2, = /4, and = /3.

2

/3
/2
2

/3
/2

1 3
2
sin d d d =
sin  d d
3
/4
0
0
/4
0
0

/3
/2


/2
8
8 /3

=
cos 
d
sin d d =
3
3
0
/4
0
/4


8 /3
2
=
(0 + 1) d =
3 /4
9
77. From Problem 69, we have = /6. Since the gure is in the rst octant and z = 2 we also
have = 0, = /2, and cos = 2.
2 sec

/2
/6
2 sec

/2
/6

1 3
V =
sin 
2 sin d d d =
d d
3
0
0
0
0
0
0








8 /2 /6
8 /2 /6
=
sec3 sin d d =
sec2 tan d d
3 0
3 0
0
0
/6





8 /2 1
2
4 /2 1
2

=
tan 
d =
d =
3 0
2
3 0
3
9
0
78. The equations are = 1 and = /4. We nd the volume above the xy-plane and double.
1

2
/2
1

2
/2

1 3
V =2
sin  d d
2 sin d d d = 2
0
/4
0
0
/4 3
0

2
/2

2

2

/2
2
2
2 2
2
2

=
d =
sin d d =
cos 
d =
3 0
3 0
3 0
2
3
/4
/4
79. By symmetry, x
= y = 0. The equations are = /4 and = 2 cos .
2 cos

2
/4
2 cos

2
/4

1 3
m=
sin 
2 sin d d d =
d d
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
/4







8 2 /4
8 2 1
=
sin cos3 d d =
cos4 
d
3 0
3 0
4
0
0




2 2 1
=
1 d =
3 0
4

2
/4
2 cos

2
/4
2 cos
z2 sin d d d =
3 sin cos d d d
Mxy =
0

2 cos

2
/4

1 4
=
d d = 4
cos5 sin d d
sin cos 
4
0
0
0
0
0
/4



2



7
1
2 2 1
=4
1 d =
cos6 
d =
6
3 0
8
6
0
0

z = Mxy /m =

/4

7/6
= 7/6. The centroid is (0, 0, 7/6).

529

9.15 Triple Integrals

80. We are given density = kz. By symmetry, x

= y = 0. The equation is = 1.

2
/2
1

2
/2
1
m=
kz2 sin d d d = k
3 sin cos d d d
0

1

2
/2

1 4
1

=k
sin cos  d d = k
sin cos d d
4
4 0
0
0
0
0
/2

2

2

1
1
1
k
2

= k
d = k
d =
sin 
4 0 2
8
4
0
0

2
/2
1

2
/2
1
Mxy =
kz 2 2 sin d d d = k
4 cos2 sin d d d

/2

1

2
/2

1 5
1
=k
cos2 sin  d d = k
cos2 sin d d
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
/2

2

2

1
1
1
2
= k
cos3 
d = k
(0 1) d =
k
5 0
3
15 0
15
0

z = Mxy /m =

/2

2k/15
= 8/15. The center of mass is (0, 0, 8/15).
k/4

81. We are given density = k/.

5

2
cos1 4/5
5

2
cos1 4/5

k 2
1 2
m=
d d
sin d d d = k
sin 
2
0
0
4 sec
0
0
4 sec

2
cos1 4/5
1
= k
(25 sin 16 tan sec ) d d
2 0
0

2

2
cos1 4/5
1
1

= k
(25 cos 16 sec ) 
d = k
[25(4/5) 16(5/4) (25 16)] d
2 0
2 0
0

2
1
= k
d = k
2 0
82. We are given density = k.

2

a
Iz =
(x2 + y 2 )(k)2 sin d d d
0

0
2

(2 sin2 cos2 + 2 sin2 sin2 )3 sin d d d

=k
0

a




1 6 3 
1 6 2 3
=k
sin d d d = k
sin d d
sin  d d = ka
6
0
0
0
0
0 6
0
0
0
 

2


2 

2

1
4
1
1
1
4 6
= ka3
cos + cos3  d = ka3
(1 cos2 ) sin d d = ka3
d =
ka
6
6
3
6
3
9
0
0
0
0
0

530

9.16 Divergence Theorem

EXERCISES 9.16
Divergence Theorem

1. div F = y + z + x
The Triple Integral:





1

div F dV =
0

(x + y + z) dx dy dz

 1

1 2
=
x + xy + xz  dy dz
2
0
0
0
 1


1
1

1

1
1
1 2
=
+ y + z dy dz =
y + y + yz  dz
2
2
2
0
0
0
0

1

1
3
1
1

=
(1 + z) dz = (1 + z 2 )  = 2 =
2
2
2
0
0

The Surface Integral: Let the surfaces be S1 in z = 0, S2 in z = 1, S3 in y = 0, S4 in y = 1, S5 in x = 0,

and S6 in x = 1. The unit outward normal vectors are k, k, j, j, i and i, respectively. Then















F n dS =
F (k) dS1 +
F k dS2 +
F (j) dS3 +
F j dS4
S

S1

S2

F (i) dS5 +

+
S5

=

z dS4 +

S2

xy dS6

S4

x dx dy +
0

0
1

=
0

1
dy +
2

z dz dx +
0

y dS6
S6

1
dx +
2

1
3
dz = .
2
2

2. div F = 6y + 4z
The Triple Integral:





1

div F dV =
0

1x

1x

=
0

1xy

(6y + 4z) dz dy dx

1xy

(6yz + 2z 2 ) 
dy dx
0

0
1x

(4y 2 + 2y 2xy + 2x2 4x + 2) dy dx

=
0

531

y dy dz
0

yz dS4
S4

S6

x dS2 +
1

S3

(xy) dS5 +
S5

(yz) dS3 +

S2

+
=

xz dS2 +

S1

S4

F i dS6
S6

(xz) dS1 +

S3

9.16 Divergence Theorem

 1x

4 3
2
2
2
=
y + y xy + 2x y 4xy + 2y 
dx
3
0
0


 1

1

5 3
5
5
5 4 5 3 5 2 5
2
=
x + 5x 5x +
dx = x + x x + x  =
3
3
12
3
2
3
12
0
0

The Surface Integral: Let the surfaces be S1 in the plane x + y + z = 1, S2 in z = 0, S3 in x = 0, and S4 in

y = 0. The unit outward normal vectors are n1 = (i + j + k)/ 3 , n2 = k, n3 = i, and n4 = j, respectively.

Now on S1 , dS1 = 3 dA1 , on S3 , x = 0, and on S4 , y = 0, so

F n dS =
F n1 dS1 +
F (k) dS2 +
F (j) dS3 +
F (i) dS4
S

=

S1
1

S2

(6xy + 4y(1 x y) + xey ) dy dx +

+
(6xy) dS3 +
(4yz) dS4

S3

S4

4
xy + 2y y 3 xey
3
2

=
0

S3

1x

 1x




dx +


1x

(xey ) dy dx

1x

xey 
dx + 0 + 0
0

S4

4
[x(1 x)2 + 2(1 x)2 (1 x)3 xex1 + x] dx +
3
0

1

1 2 2 3 1 4 2
1
5
3
4 
=
x x + x (1 x) + (1 x)  =
.
2
3
4
3
3
12
0

(xex1 x) dx

3. div F = 3x2 + 3y 2 + 3z 2 . Using spherical coordinates,

F n dS =
3(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) dV =
S

32 2 sin d d d

a





3 5
3a5 2

=
sin d d
sin  d d =
5 0
0
0 5
0
0





3a5 2
6a5 2
12a5

=
cos  d =
d =
.
5 0
5 0
5
0

4. div F = 4 + 1 + 4 = 9. Using the formula for the volume of a sphere,










4 3
F n dS =
9 dV = 9
2 = 96.
3
S
D
5. div F = 2(z 1). Using cylindrical coordinates,








2

F n dS =
2(z 1) V =
S

D
2

16r dr d =
0

6. div F = 2x + 2z + 12z 2 .









F n dS =
div F dV =
S

=
0

=

2(z 1) dz r dr d =
1

4

8r2  d = 128
0

0
2

d = 256.

(2x + 2z + 12z 2 ) dx dy dz
0

1

(x2 + 2xz + 12xz 2 )  dy dz =
0

(1 + 2z + 12z 2 ) dy dz
0

3

2(1 + 2z + 12z 2 ) dz = (2z + 2z 2 + 8z 3 )  = 240
0

532

5

(z 1)2  r dr d
1

9.16 Divergence Theorem

7. div F = 3z 2 . Using cylindrical coordinates,

2
3

F n dS =
div F dV =
S

=
0

0

3

(x3 18x2 + 81x) dx =

0

9. div F =

r(4 r2 )3/2 dr d

1
(1 32) d =
5

9

x(9 y)  dx =
2

31
62
d =
.
5
5

x(9 x)2 dx

x2

9y

2x(9 y) dy dx =

2x dz dy dx
x2

8. div F = 2x.









F n dS =
div F dV =
S

3




d
=


1
(4 r2 )5/2
5

4r 2

3z 2 r dz dr d

4r2

rz 3 
dr d =

0
2

1 4
81 2
x 6x3 +
x
4
2

1
. Using spherical coordinates,
x2 + y 2 + z 2








2


F n dS =
div F dV =

0
3


 = 891

4
0

1 2
sin d d d
2

D
0
0
a

2


2


=
(b a) sin d d = (b a)
cos  d

= (b a)

2 d = 4(b a).
0

F n dS =

10. Since div F = 0,

0 dV = 0.

11. div F = 2z + 10y 2z = 10y.

Fn dS =
10y dV =
S

2x2 /2

(80 40z) dz dx =
0

2x

=
0

3

30xyz 

x+y

2x2 /2

2x

4z

5y 2 
dz dx
z

2
2x2 /2
2


(80z 20z 2 ) 
dx =
(80 5x4 ) dx = (80x x5 )  = 128

12. div F = 30xy.

F n dS =
30xy dV =
S

2x2 /2

4z

10y dy dz dx =

30xy dz dy dx
0

x+y

dy dx

2x

(90xy 30x2 y 30xy 2 ) dy dx

=
0

2x

(45xy 2 15x2 y 2 10xy 3 ) 
dx


(5x4 + 45x3 120x2 + 100x) dx =

x5 +

533

45 4
x 40x3 + 50x2
4

 2

 = 28

0

9.16 Divergence Theorem

13. div F = 6xy 2 + 1 6xy 2 = 1. Using cylindrical coordinates,









2 sin
2r sin


F n dS =
dV =
dz r dr d =
S

2 sin

(2r sin r2 )r dr d





2 3
16
1 4 
4
4
=
d =
r sin r 
sin 4 sin d
3
4
3
0
0
0

 



4 4
1
1
4 3

=
sin 2 +
sin 4  =
sin d =
3 0
3 8
4
32
2
0

r2
2 sin

14. div F = y 2 + x2 . Using spherical coordinates, we have x2 + y 2 = 2 sin2 and z = cos or = z sec . Then








2
/4
4 sec
2
2
F n dS =
(x + y ) dS =
2 sin2 2 sin d d d
S

D
2

/4

=
0

2

2 sec

/4

2 sec

=
0

4 sec


1 5 3 
d d =
sin 
5

992
992
tan3 sec2 d d =
5
5

/4

992
sec5 sin3 d d
5
/4



496
1
992 2 1
tan4 
d =
.
d =
4
5
4
5
0
0

2x2 + y 2 + z 2
x2 2y 2 + z 2
x2 + y 2 2z 2
15. (a) div E = q
=0
+ 2
+ 2
(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )5/2
(x + y 2 + z 2 )5/2
(x + y 2 + z 2 )5/2











(E n) dS =
div E dV =
0 dV = 0
SSa

(E n) dS +

(b) From (a),

(E n) dS = 0 and

Sa

(E n) dS =

(E n) dS. On Sa ,

Sa

|r| = a, n = (xi + yj + zk)/a = r/a and E n = (qr/a3 ) (r/a) = qa2 /a4 = q/a2 . Thus









q
q
q
q
2 dS = 2
(E n) dS =
dS = 2 (area of Sa ) = 2 (4a2 ) = 4q.
a
a
a
a
S
Sa
Sa







16. (a) By Gauss Law
(E n) dS =
4 dV , and by the Divergence Theorem
D


















(E n) dS =
div E dV . Thus
4 dV =
div E dV and
(4 div E) dV = 0.
S

Since this holds for all regions D, 4 div E = 0 and div E = 4.

(b) Since E is irrotational, E = and 2 = = E = div E = 4.
17. Since div a = 0, by the Divergence Theorem











(a n) dS =
div a dV =
0 dV = 0.
S

18. By the Divergence Theorem and Problem 30 in Section 9.7,

(curl F n) dS =
div (curl F) dV =
0 dV = 0.
S

19. By the Divergence Theorem and Problem 27 in Section 9.7,

(f g) n dS =
div (f g) dV =
(f g) dV =
[f ( g) + g f ] dV
S
D
D
D




=
(f 2 g + g f ) dV.
D

534

9.17 Change of Variables in Multiple Integrals

20. By the Divergence Theorem and Problems 25 and 27 in Section 9.7,











(f g gf ) n dS =
div (f g gf ) dV =
(f g gf ) dV
S
D
D




=
[f ( g) + g f g( f ) f g] dV
D




=
(f 2 g g2 f ) dV.
D

21. If G(x, y, z) is a vector valued function then we dene surface integrals and triple integrals of G component-wise.
In this case, if a is a constant vector it is easily shown that














a G dS = a
G dS and
a G dV = a
G dV.
S

Now let F = f a. Then

F n dS =

(f a) n dS =

a (f n) dS

and, using Problem 27 in Section 9.7 and the fact that a = 0, we have
















div F dV =
(f a) dV =
[f ( a) + a f ] dV =
a f dV.
D

By the Divergence Theorem,

a (f n) dS =
F n dS =
div F dV =
a f dV
S

and




a


f n dS



=a

f dV




or a

f n dS

f dV

= 0.

Since a is arbitrary,

f n dS

22. B + W =

f dV = 0

and

f dV.

f n dS =
S

pn dS + mg = mg
S

D



p dV = mg

g dV = mg
D


dV

= mg mg = 0

EXERCISES 9.17
Change of Variables in Multiple Integrals

1. T : (0, 0) (0, 0); (0, 2) (2, 8); (4, 0) (16, 20); (4, 2) (14, 28)
2. Writing x2 = v u and y = v + u and solving for u and v, we obtain u = (y x2 )/2 and v = (x2 + y)/2.

Then the images under T 1 are (1, 1) (0, 1); (1, 3) (1, 2); ( 2 , 2) (0, 2).

535

9.17 Change of Variables in Multiple Integrals

3. The uv-corner points (0, 0), (2, 0), (2, 2) correspond to xy-points (0, 0), (4, 2), (6, 4).
v = 0: x = 2u, y = u = y = x/2
u = 2: x = 4 + v, y = 2 3v =
y = 2 3(x 4) = 3x + 14
v = u: x = 3u, y = 2u = y = 2x/3

y=x/2
y=14-3x

u=2
-2

y=-2x/3

v=0
1

-4

2 u

4. Solving for x and y we see that the transformation

is x = 2u/3+v/3, y = u/3+v/3. The uv-corner

6 x

v=u

6
v=5

points (1, 1), (4, 1), (4, 5), (1, 5) correspond

to the xy-points (1/3, 2/3), (3, 1), (13/3, 1/3),
(1, 2).
v = 1: x + 2y = 1;
v = 5: x + 2y = 5;
u = 1: x y = 1;
u = 4: x y = 4

u=-1

u=4

-2

x+2y=5

x-y=-1

v=1
4

-2

x+2y=1

5. The uv-corner points (0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 2),

(0, 2) correspond to the xy-points (0, 0),
(1, 0), (3, 2), (4, 0).

y
x=y2 /4-4

v=2

2
u=0
-4

2
x=1-y2

u=1
2u

v=0

-2

3 x-y=4 x

-4

-2 y=0

2x

v = 0: x = u2 , y = 0 = y = 0 and 0 x 1
u = 1: x = 1 v 2 , y = v = x = 1 y 2
v = 2: x = u2 4, y = 2u = x = y 2 /4 4
u = 0: x = v 2 , y = 0 = y = 0 and 4 x 0
6. The uv-corner points (1, 1), (2, 1), (2, 2), (1, 2)
correspond to the xy-points (1, 1), (2, 1), (4, 4), (2, 4).
v = 1: x = u, y = 1 = y = 1, 1 x 2
u = 2: x = 2v, y = v 2 = y = x2 /4
v = 2: x = 2u, y = 4 = y = 4, 2 x 4
u = 1: x = v, y = v 2 = y = x2

(x, y)  veu
=
7.
(u, v)  veu

y=4
y=x2

v=2

2
u=1

u=2

v=1
2

y=1
4


eu 
 = 2v
eu 


(x, y)  3e3u sin v
8.
=
(u, v)  3e3u cos v


e3u cos v 
 = 3e6u
e3u sin v 



 y 2
3y 2
(u, v)  2y/x3 1/x2 
=

=
3
= 3u2 ;
= 2 2
(x, y)
x4
x2
y /x 2y/x 


4xy 
 2(y 2 x2 )

 2
4
(u, v)  (x + y 2 )2 (x2 + y 2 )2 
=
10.
=
(x, y) 
4xy
2(y 2 x2 )  (x2 + y 2 )2

 2
(x + y 2 )2 (x2 + y 2 )2
9.

536

2
y=x /4

(x, y)
1
1
= 2
=
2
(u, v)
3u
3u

9.17 Change of Variables in Multiple Integrals

From u = 2x/(x2 + y 2 ) and v = 2y(x2 + y 2 ) we obtain u2 + v 2 = 4/(x2 + y 2 ). Then x2 + y 2 = 4/(u2 + v 2 ) and
(x, y)/(u, v) = (x2 + y 2 )2 /4 = 4/(u2 + v 2 )2 .
11. (a) The uv-corner points (0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1) correspond to the xy-points (0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1), (0, 0).
v = 0:
u = 1:
v = 1:
u = 0:

x = u, y = 0 = y = 0, 0 x 1
x = 1 v, y = v = y = 1 x
x = 0, y = u = x = 0, 0 y 1
x = 0, y = 0

y
v=1

u=0

v=0

y=1-x

x=0

u=1

y=0

(b) Since the segment u = 0, 0 v 1 in the uv-plane maps to the origin in the xy-plane, the transformation
is not one-to-one.


(x, y)  1 v v 
12.
=
= u. The transformation is 0 when u is 0, for 0 v 1.
(u, v)
u u 
y
x + y = 1 = v = 1
R43
x 2y = 6 = u = 6
R R3
-6
-3 R1
3
6 x
x + y = 3 = v = 3
R2
-3
x 2y = 6 = u = 6


(u, v)  1 2 
(x, y)
1
=
= 3 =
=

(x, y)
(u, v)
3
1 1
 





 

3
6

3
1
1
1
1

(x + y) dA =
v
v du dv = (12)
v dv = 4
dA =
v2
3
3
3
2
1 6
1
R
S

13. R1:
R2:
R3:
R4:

2
-3

3

 = 16

1

2
R4

R3: y = 3x + 6 = v = 6
R4: y = x = u = 0


(u, v)  1 1 
(x, y)
1
=
= 4 =
=
(x, y)
(u, v)
4
3 1 

3
-2

14. R1: y = 3x + 3 = v = 3
R2: y = x = u =

S
R3

R1

3x

R
R2

-2

4u

R

cos 12 (x y)
dA =
3x + y

1
=
2

 





1
1 6 2 sin u/2
1 6 cos u/2
dA =
du dv =
4
4 3 0
v
4 3
v
6

1
dv
1
= ln v  = ln 2
v
2
2
3

cos u/2
v
6

15. R1: y = x2 = u = 1
R2: x = y 2 = v = 1
R3: y = 12 x2 = u = 2

R4
R1

R3

R2

R4: x = 12 y 2 = v = 2

(u, v)  2x/y
=
(x, y)  y 2 /x2



 dv



x2 /y 2 
(x, y)
1
=
 = 3 =

(u,
v)
3
2y/x

537

9.17 Change of Variables in Multiple Integrals

y2
dA =
x

2

 =1

2
1

 





1
1 2 2
1 2
1

v
v du dv =
v dv = v 2
dA =
3
3
3
6
S
1
1
1

16. R1: x2 + y 2 = 2y = v = 1
R2: x2 + y 2 = 2x = u = 1
R3: x2 + y 2 = 6y = v = 1/3
R4: x2 + y 2 = 4x = u = 1/2
 2(y 2 x2 )
4xy 


 2
(u, v)  (x + y 2 )2 (x2 + y 2 )2 
4
=
= 2
2
2 
(x, y)  4xy
(x
+ y 2 )2
2(x y ) 

 2
(x + y 2 )2 (x2 + y 2 )2

2
R4

R3

R1

R2
3x

2u

Using u2 + v 2 = 4/(x2 + y 2 ) we see that (x, y)/(u, v) = 4/(u2 + v 2 )2 .

2

2 3

(x + y )


dA =

4
2
u + v2


3 

1
1

 
4
115

 dA = 1
(u2 + v 2 ) du dv =
 (u2 + v 2 )2 
16 1/3 1/2
5184

17. R1: 2xy = c = v = c

R2: x2 y 2 = b = u = b
R3: 2xy = d = v = d

R4: x2 y 2 = a = u = a



(u, v)  2x 2y 
=
= 4(x2 + y 2 )
(x, y)
2y 2x 

R3

R4

R2

R1
a

b u

b u

(x, y)
1
=
=
(u, v)
4(x2 + y 2 )

(x2 + y 2 ) dA =

(x2 + y 2 )
S

1
1
dA =
2
2
4(x + y )
4

du dv =
c

18. R1: xy = 2 = v = 2
R2: x2 y 2 = 9 = u = 9
R3: xy = 2 = v = 2
R4: x2 y 2 = 1 = u = 1

2
R3

R4

(x + y ) sin xy dA =
R


2

(x + y ) sin v
S

4 x

S
5

-2

10 u

-2

2

R1

(x, y)
1
=
2
(u, v)
2(x + y 2 )

v
R2



(u, v)  2x 2y 
= 2(x2 + y 2 )
=
(x, y)  y
x 
=

1
(b a)(d c)
4

1
2(x2 + y 2 )

538

1
dA =
2


1

1
sin v du dv =
2

8 sin v dv = 0
2

9.17 Change of Variables in Multiple Integrals

19. R1: y = x2 = v + u = v u = u = 0

v
R2

R2 : y = 4 x2 = v + u = 4 (v u)
= v + u = 4 v + u = v = 2

R3

R3: x = 1 = v u = 1 = v = 1 + u


1
1


(x, y)  2v u 2v u 
1
=
 = v u
(u, v) 

1
1

R1








1 
1 1
v u 
1 1 2 1


dv
du
=
=
[ln 2 ln(1 + u)] du
dA
2v 
2 0 1+u v
2 0
v u
S
1 1
1
1
1
1 1

= ln 2 [(1 + u) ln(1 + u) (1 + u)]  = ln 2 [2 ln 2 2 (0 1)] = ln 2
2
2
2
2
2 2
0

x
dA =
y + x2

20. Solving x = 2u 4v, y = 3u + v for u and v we

1
3
obtain u = 14
x + 27 y, v = 14
x + 17 y. The xy-4

= 14
0

5
1
+ 2u u2 du =
2
2

-2

1u

 1
35 3 
28
2
7u + 14u u  =
3
3
0

R2: y = x = v = 1
R3: y = 4/x = u = 4
R4: y = 4x = v = 4


x  2y
(u, v)  y
(x, y)
x
=
=
=
=
(x, y)
x
(u, v)
2y
y/x2 1/x 



R

y 4 dA =

u2 v 2
S

1
2v


du dv =

1
2

(3u + v) dv du = 14

21. R1: y = 1/x = u = 1

v
4
R3

2
R2
2

R1

1
2

 1u


du


u2 v du dv =

2u

1
3uv + v 2
2

R4

2 x

R2

R1

the uv-points (0, 1), (0, 0), (1, 0).

R3

corner points (4, 1), (0, 0), (2, 3) correspond to



(x, y)  2 4 
=
= 14
(u, v)  3 1 









y dA =
(3u + v)(14) dA = 14

v2

4x

4


1 3 
1 4
21 2
u v  dv =
v
63v dv =
3
6
4
1
1

4u

4

 = 315

4
1

22. Under the transformation u = y + z, v = y + z, w = x y the parallelepiped D is mapped to the parallelepiped

E: 1 u 3, 1 v 1, 0 w 3.


0 1 1


(u, v, w) 
(x, y, z)
1

=  0 1 1  = 2 =
=


(x, y, z)
(u, v, w)
2
 1 1 0 

539

9.17 Change of Variables in Multiple Integrals

1
1 3 1 3
(2u + 2v + 2w) dV  =
(2u + 2v + 2w) du dv dw
2
2 0 1 1
E






3
1 3 1 2
1 3 1

=
(u + 2uv + 2uw)  dv dw =
(8 + 4v + 4w) dv dw
2 0 1
2 0 1
1

3

3
1
3


2
=
(4v + v + 2vw)  dw =
(8 + 4w) dw = (8w + 2w2 )  = 42

(4z + 2x 2y) dV =
D

23. We let u = y x and v = y + x.

R1: y = 0 = u = x, v = x = v = u
R2: x + y = 1 = v = 1
R3: x = 0 = u = y, v = y = v = u


(u, v)  1 1 
(x, y)
1
=
= 2 =
=
(x, y)  1 1 
(u, v)
2

1
2

2xy+x2

dA =
S

eu | 1| dA =
2

R3

-2

eu dv du =
0

v

veu/v  dv

0

1 u

-1

1
(e e1 )
4

R3: y = x + 2 = u = 2


(u, v)  1 1 
(x, y)
=
= 1 =
= 1
(x, y)
(u, v)
0 1
ey

1 x

24. We let u = y x and v = y.

R1: y = 0 = v = 0, u = x = v = 0, 0 u 2
R2: x = 0 = v = u

R
R1

e(yx)/(y+x) dA =
R

1
R2

-1






 1
1 1 v u/v
eu/v   dA =
e
du dv
2
2 0 v
S
1



1 1
1
1
1 1 2 
=
v(e e ) dv = (e e ) v  =
2 0
2
2
0

1
R3

25. Noting that R2, R3, and R4 have equations y+2x = 8, y2x = 0,
and y + 2x = 2, we let u = y/x and v = y + 2x.
R1: y = 0 = u = 0, v = 2x = u = 0, 2 v 8
R2: y + 2x = 8 = v = 8
R3: y 2x = 0 = u = 2
R4: y + 2x = 2 = v = 2


(u, v)  y/x2 1/x 
(x, y)
y + 2x
x2
=
=
=
=

2
(x, y)
x
(u, v)
y + 2x
2
1











2


x 
(6x + 3y) dA = 3
(y + 2x) 
x2 dA
dA = 3
y
+
2x 
R
S
S

R1

ueu du =

R2

2u

2
1 u2 
1
e  = (e4 1)
2
2
0
v8

y
4
R3
R2

R
R4
R1

4x

From y = ux we see that v = ux + 2x and x = v/(u + 2). Then

8




2
8

2

2

v3
du
504
2

2
2

3
x dA = 3
v (u + 2) dv du =
du = 504
=

2
2
u+2
S
0
2
0 (u + 2)
0 (u + 2)
2

540

2

 = 126.

0

4u

9.17 Change of Variables in Multiple Integrals

26. We let u = x + y and v = x y.

R3

R4
= 1 = u = 1
R
= 1 = v = 1
R1
R2
= 3 = u = 3
4 x
= 1 = v = 1


-2
-2
(u, v)  1 1 
(x, y)
1
=
= 2 =
=

(x, y)
(u, v)
2
1 1














 
1 3 1 4 v
1 3 4 v 1
4 xy
4 v  1
(x + y) e
dA =
u e   dA =
u e dv du =
u e  du
2
2 1 1
2 1
1
R
S



3
e e1 3 4
121
e e1 5 
242(e e1 )
=
u  =
=
(e e1 )
u du =
2
10
10
5
1
1

R1:
R2:
R3:
R4:

x+y
xy
x+y
xy

S
4 u

27. Let u = xy and v = xy 1.4 . Then xy 1.4 = c = v = c; xy = b = u = b; xy 1.4 = d = v = d;

xy = a = u = a.



x
(u, v)  y
 = 0.4xy 1.4 = 0.4v = (x, y) = 5
=
(x, y)  y 1.4 1.4xy 0.4 
(u, v)
2v







d
b

d
5
5
dv
5
5
dA =
dA =
du dv = (b a)
= (b a)(ln d ln c)
2v
2v
2
v
2
R
S
c
a
c
28. The image of the ellipsoid x2 /a2 + y 2 /b2 + z 2 /c2 = 1 under the transformation u = x/a, v = y/b, w = z/c, is
the unit sphere u2 + v 2 + w2 = 1. The volume of this sphere is 43 . Now


a 0 0


(x, y, z)


=  0 b 0  = abc

(u, v, w) 
0 0 c
and

dV =

abc dV = abc
E

dV = abc
E


=

4
abc.
3



(x, y)  5 0 
29. The image of the ellipse is the unit circle x + y = 1. From
=
= 15 we obtain
(u, v)  0 3 



 2

2
1





x
15 2 4 1
y2
2
2

2
(u + v )15 dA = 15
r r dr d =
r  d
+
dA =
25
9
4 0
0
R
S
0
0

2
15
15
=
d =
.
4 0
2
2


 sin cos
(x, y, z) 
30.
=
(, , )  sin sin
 cos

cos cos
cos sin
sin


sin sin 


sin cos 

0

= cos (2 sin cos cos2 + 2 sin cos sin2 ) + sin ( sin2 cos2 + sin2 sin2 )
= 2 sin cos2 (cos2 + sin2 ) + 2 sin3 (cos2 + sin2 ) = 2 sin (cos2 + sin2 ) = 2 sin

541

CHAPTER
9 REVIEW
EXERCISES
9.17 Change
of Variables
in Multiple Integrals

CHAPTER 9 REVIEW EXERCISES

1. True; |v(t)| =

2. True; for all t, y = 4.

3. True
4. False; consider r(t) = t2 i. In this case, v(t) = 2ti and a(t) = 2i. Since v a = 4t, the velocity and acceleration
vectors are not orthogonal for t = 0.
5. False; f is perpendicular to the level curve f (x, y) = c.
6. False; consider f (x, y) = xy at (0, 0).
7. True; the value is 4/3.
8. True; since 2xy dx x2 dy is not exact.

9. False;
x dx + x2 dy = 0 from (1, 0) to (1, 0) along the x-axis and along the semicircle y = 1 x2 , but
C

since x dx + x2 dy is not exact, the integral is not independent of path.

10. True
11. False; unless the rst partial derivatives are continuous.
12. True

13. True

14. True; since curl F = 0 when F is a conservative vector eld.

15. True

16. True

17. True

18. True

19. F = = x(x2 + y 2 )3/2 i y(x2 + y 2 )3/2 j



 i
j
k 



20. curl F =  /x /y /z  = 0


 f (x) g(y) h(z) 
21. v(t) = 6i + j + 2tk; a(t) = 2k. To nd when the particle passes through the plane, we solve 6t + t + t2 = 4
or t2 5t + 4 = 0. This gives t = 1 and t = 4. v(1) = 6i + j + 2k, a(1) = 2k; v(4) = 6i + j + 8k, a(4) = 2k
22. We are given r(0) = i + 2j + 3k.




r(t) = v(t) dt = (10ti + (3t2 4t)j + k) dt = 5t2 i + (t3 2t2 )j + tk + c
i + 2j + 3k = r(0) = c
r(t) = (1 5t2 )i + (t3 2t2 + 2)j + (t + 3)k
r(2) = 19i + 2j + 5k

23. v(t) = a(t) dt = ( 2 sin ti + 2 cos tj) dt = 2 cos ti + 2 sin tj + c;

i + j + k = v(/4) = i + j + c, c = k; v(t) = 2 cos ti + 2 sin tj + k;

542

CHAPTER 9 REVIEW EXERCISES

r(t) = 2 sin ti 2 cos tj + tk + b; i + 2j + (/4)k = r(/4) = i j + (/4)k + b, b = 2i + 3j;

r(t) = (2 2 sin t)i + (3 2 cos t)j + tk; r(3/4) = i + 4j + (3/4)k

24. v(t) = ti + t2 j tk; |v| = t t2 + 2 , t > 0; a(t) = i + 2tj k; v a = t + 2t3 + t = 2t + 2t3 ;

2t
2t + 2t3
t2 2
2 + 2t2
2
2
2
v a = t i + t k, |v a| = t 2 ; aT =
=
, aN =
=
;
2
2
2
2
t t +2
t +2
t t +2
t +2

t2 2
2
= 3 2
=
3/2
2
t (t + 2)
t(t + 2)3/2
25.

26. r (t) = sinh ti + cosh tj + k, r (1) = sinh 1i + cosh 1j + k;




|r (t)| = sinh2 t + cosh2 t + 1 =

2 cosh2 t = 2 cosh t; |r (1)| = 2 cosh 1;
1
1
1
1
T(t) = tanh ti + j + sech tk, T(1) = (tanh 1i + j + sech 1k);
2
2
2
2
dT
1
1
d
1
1
= sech2 ti sech t tanh tk;
T(1) = sech2 1i sech 1 tanh 1k,
dt
dt
2
2
2
2


d
 sech 1 
1
 T(1) =
sech2 1 + tanh2 1 = sech 1; N(1) = sech 1i tanh 1k;
 dt

2
2
1
1
1
B(1) = T(1) N(1) = tanh 1i + (tanh2 1 + sech2 1)j sech 1k
2
2
2
1
= ( tanh 1i + j sech 1k)
2



d
 
(sech 1)/ 2
1


=  T(1) /|r (1)| =
= sech2 1
dt
2
2 cosh 1
2
6
1
27. f = (2xy y 2 )i + (x2 2xy)j; u = i + j = (i + 3j);
40
40
10
1
1
Du f = (2xy y 2 + 3x2 6xy) = (3x2 4xy y 2 )
10
10
2x
2y
2z
2
4x + 2y + 4z
1
2
28. F = 2
i+ 2
j+ 2
k; u = i + j + k; Du F =
x + y2 + z2
x + y2 + z2
x + y2 + z2
3
3
3
3(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )
29. fx = 2xy 4 , fy = 4x2 y 3 .
(a) u = i, Du (1, 1) = fx (1, 1) = 2

(b) u = (i j)/ 2 , Du (1, 1) = (2 4)/ 2 = 2/ 2

(c) u = j, Du (1, 1) = fy (1, 1) = 4
30. (a)

dw
w dx w dy w dz
=
+
+
dt
x dt
y dt
z dt
=
=

x
x2

y2

z2

6 cos 2t + 

y
x2

y2

z2

(8 sin 2t) + 

(6x cos 2t 8y sin 2t + 15zt2 )


x2 + y 2 + z 2

543

z
x2

+ y2 + z2

15t2

CHAPTER 9 REVIEW EXERCISES

w
w x w y w z
=
+
+
t
x t
y t
z t

(b)

x
6
2t
y
=
cos + 
2
2
2
2
r
x +y +z r
x + y2 + z2


2r
6x
2t 8yr
2 3
cos + 2 sin
+ 15zt r
r
r
t
t

=
x2 + y 2 + z 2

8r
2r
sin
2
t
t

+

x2

+ y2 + z2

15t2 r3

1
31. F (x, y, z) = sin xy z; F = y cos xyi + x cos xyj k; F (1/2, 2/3, 3/2) = i + j k. The equation of
3
4
the tangent plane is




 

3
1
1
2
x
+
y
z
=0
3
2
4
3
2

or 4x + 3y 12z = 4 6 3 .
32. We want to nd a normal to the surface that is parallel to k. F = (y 2)i + (x 2y)j + 2zk. We need y 2 = 0
and x 2y = 0. The tangent plane is parallel to z = 2 when y = 2 and x = 4. In this case z 2 = 5. The points

are (4, 2, 5 ) and (4, 2, 5 ).

1

1
2x 

1 

1 
2x

1
1

33. (a) V =
1 x2 dy dx =
y 1 x2  dx =
x 1 x2 dx = (1 x2 )3/2  =
3
3
x
0
x
0
0
0

1
y 

2
1 
(b) V =
1 x2 dx dy +
1 x2 dx dy
0

y/2

34. We are given = k(x2 + y 2 ).

1
x2


m=
k(x2 + y 2 ) dy dx = k

y/2

 x2
1 3 
x y + y  dx
3
0
0
x3
x3


 1

1
1 5
1 6
1 9
1 7 1 6
1 10 
k
4
5
=k
x + x x x dx = k
x + x x x
 = 21
3
3
5
21
6
30
0
0
 x2


1
x2

1

1

1
1
1
My =
x3 y + xy 3  dx = k
x5 + x7 x6 x10 dx
k(x3 + xy 2 ) dy dx = k
3
3
3
x3
0
0
0
x3

 1

1 6
1
1
1
65k
=k
x + x8 x7 x11  =
6
24
7
33
1848
0
 x2


1
x2

1

1
1 2 2 1 4 
1 6 1 8 1 8 1 12
2
3
Mx =
dx
k(x y + y ) dy dx = k
x y + y  dx = k
x + x x x
2
4
2
4
2
4
x3
0
0
0
x3

 1
1 7
1 9
1 13 
20k
=k
=
x x x

14
36
52
819
0

x
= My /m =

65k/1848
20k/819
= 65/88; y = Mx /m =
= 20/39 The center of mass is (65/88, 20/39).
k/21
k/21

x2

k(x4 + x2 y 2 ) dy dx = k

35. Iy =
0

=k

x3

1 7
1
1
1
x + x9 x8 x12
7
27
8
36

1
x4 y + x2 y 3
3

 1

 = 41 k

1512
0

 x2



 dx = k
 3

544


1
1
x6 + x8 x7 x11 dx
3
3

CHAPTER 9 REVIEW EXERCISES

36. (a) Using symmetry,

a
a2 x2
a2 x2 y2


V =8
dz dy dx = 8
0

a2 x2

a2 x2 y 2 dy dx

Trig substitution
a2 x2

a 

a
2
2

y

x
y
a2 x2
a
1

=8
a2 x2 y 2 +
dx
=
8
sin
dx

2
2
2
a2 x2 0
0
0 2
 a

1 3 
4
2
= 2 a x x  = a3
3
3
0

(b) Using symmetry,

2
a

V =2
0

a2 r 2

r dz dr d = 2

r
0
2

a2 r2 dr d

a



1 2
2
4
2 3/2 
=2
(a r )
d
=
a3 d = a3

3
3 0
3
0
0
a

2

a

2


1 3
(c) V =
2 sin d d d =
sin  d d
0
0
0
0
0 3
0

2


2



1
1
1 2 3
4

=
a3 sin d d =
a3 cos  d =
2a d = a3
3 0
3 0
3 0
3
0
0
37. We use spherical coordinates.
3 sec

2
/4

3 sec

2
/4

1 3
V =
2 sin d d d =
d d
sin 
0
tan1 1/3 0
0
tan1 1/3 3
0



2
/4


1 2 /4
=
27 sec3 sin d d = 9
tan sec2 d d
3 0
tan1 1/3
0
tan1 1/3
/4



2



1
1
9 2
=9
tan2 
d = 8
1
d =
2
2 0
9
0
tan1 1/3
2

2
/6
2

2
/6

1 3
2
38. V =
sin d d d =
sin  d d
3
0
0
1
0
0
1


2
/6 

2
/6


/6
1
7
8
7 2

=
sin sin d d =
sin d d =
cos 
d
3
3
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0





7 2
7
7
3
3
=

(1) d =
1
2 =
(2 3 )
3 0
2
3
2
3

39. 2xy + 2xy + 2xy = 6xy



 i
j
k 



40.  /x /y /z  = 2xzi 2yzj + (y 2 x2 )k
 2

 x y
xy 2 2xyz 
41.

2
(2xz)
(2yz) +
(y x2 ) = 0
x
y
z

42. (6xy) = 6yi + 6xj

2

2

z2
4t2
2
2
43.
ds =
4 sin 2t + 4 cos 2t + 4 dt =
8 2 t2 dt =
2
2
cos2 2t + sin2 2t
C x +y





0

0

44.
(xy + 4x) ds =
[x(2 2x) + 4x] 1 + 4 dx = 5
(6x 2x2 ) dx = 5 3x2
C

545

2
8 2 3 
56 2 3
t  =
3
3

 0
2 3 
7 5
x  =
3
3
1

CHAPTER 9 REVIEW EXERCISES

45. Since Py = 6x2 y = Qx , the integral is independent of path.
x = 3x2 y 2 , = x3 y 2 + g(y), y = 2x3 y + g  (y) = 2x3 y 3y 2 ; g(y) = y 3 ; = x3 y 2 y 3 ;

(1,2)
(1,2)

3x2 y 2 dx + (2x3 y 3y 2 ) dy = (x3 y 2 y 3 ) 
= 12
(0,0)

(0,0)

46. Let x = a cos t, y = a sin t, 0 t 2. Then using dx = a sin t dt, dy = a cos t dt, x2 + y 2 = a2 we have


2

2

2
y dx + x dy
1
2
2
=
[a
sin
t(a
sin
t)
+
a
cos
t(a
cos
t)]
dt
=
(sin
t
+
cos
t)
dt
=
dt = 2.

x2 + y 2
a2
C
0
0
0


y sin z dx+x2 ey dy + 3xyz dz

47.
C

1
2

2 t2

2 3

(t2 sin t3 + 2t3 et + 9t8 ) dt

[t sin t + t e (2t) + 3tt t (3t )] dt =

0

 1

1

2
1
=
t3 et dt
cos t3 + t9  + 2
3
0
0
1
2
2
2 t2
t2 
=
+ 1 + (t e e )  =
+2
3
3
0


Integration by parts

48. Parameterize C by x = cos t, y = sin t; 0 t 2. Then



2


F

dr
=
[4
sin
t(
sin
t
dt)
+
6
cos
t(cos
t)
dt]
=

(6 cos2 t 4 sin2 t) dt

 2

5
=
(10 cos t 4) dt = 5t + sin 2t 4t  = 2.
2
0
0




Using Greens Theorem, Qx Py = 6 4 = 2 and F dr =
2 dA = 2( 12 ) = 2.
C

49. Let r1 = ti and r2 = i + tj for 0 t 1. Then dr1 = i, dr2 = j, F1 = 0,

2
2
2

F2 = sin ti + t sin j = sin ti + tj,

2
2
2
and
1





1
1 2 2 
2
2
W =
F1 dr1 +
F2 dr2 =
t dt = t  =
.
2
2
C1
C2
0
0
50. Parameterize the line segment from (1/2, 1/2) to (1, 1) using y = x as x goes from 1/2 to 1. Parameterize
the line segment from (1, 1) to (1, 1) using y = 1 as x goes from 1 to 1. Parameterize the line segment from

(1, 1) to (1, 3 ) using x = 1 as y goes from 1 to 3 . Then

F dr =

W =
C

1/2

F (dxi dxj) +

F (dxi) +

F (dyj)
1



1

3
2
2
1
1
dx +
=
2
dy
dx +
2 + (x)2
2
2+1
x
x
+
(x)
x
1
+
y2
1/2
1
1

1

1

3
1
2
1
=
dx +
dx +
dy
2
2
2x
1
+
x
1
+
y2
1/2
1
1
1
1
 3

1 
1

13 6

1
1 
=
+
2
tan
x
+
tan
y
=

+
2
+
=
.


2x 1/2
2
2
12
12
1
1

546

CHAPTER 9 REVIEW EXERCISES

51. zx = 2x, zy = 0; dS = 1 + 4x2 dA

2




3
2 2

3 

z
x
1 1
dS =
(1 + 4x2 )3/2  dy
1 + 4x2 dx dy =
S xy
1
1 xy
1 y 12
1

3

3 3/2

1
17 53/2
17 17 5 5
=
dy =
ln y 
12 1
y
12
1

17 17 5 5
=
ln 3
12
52. n = k, F n = 3;


ux = S F n dS = 3 S dS = 3 (area of S) = 3(1) = 3

53. The surface is g(x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 a2 = 0. g = 2(xi + yj + zk) = 2r, n = r/|r|,

xi yj zk
F = c(1/|r|) + c(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )1/2 = c 2
= cr/|r|3
(x + y 2 + z 2 )3/2
r
r
|r|2
c
c
rr
Fn= 3
= c 4 = c 4 = 2 = 2
|r| |r|
|r|
|r|
|r|
a






c
c
c
ux =
F n dS = 2
dS = 2 (area of S) = 2 (4a2 ) = 4c
a
a
a
S
S
54. In Problem 53, F is not continuous at (0, 0, 0) which is in any acceptable region containing the sphere.
55. Since F = c(1/r), div F = (c(1/r)) = c2 (1/r) = c2 [(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )1/2 ] = 0 by Problem 37 in
Section 9.7. Then, by the Divergence Theorem,











ux F =
F n dS =
div F dV =
0 dV = 0.
S

56. Parameterize C by x = 2 cos t, y = 2 sin t, z = 5, for 0 t 2. Then



(curl F n) dS = F dr = 6x dx + 7z dy + 8y dz
S

C
2

[12 cos t(2 sin t) + 35(2 cos t)] dt

0

=

2

(70 cos t 24 sin t cos t) dt = (70 sin t 12 sin2 t)  = 0.
0

57. Identify F = 2yi + 3xj + 10zk. Then curl F = 5k. The curve C lies in the plane z = 3,
so n = k and dS = dA. Thus,







F

dr
=
(curl
F)

n
dS
=
5 dA = 5 (area of R) = 5(25) = 125.

58. Since curl F = 0, F dr =

C

(curl F n) dS =

0 dS = 0.
S

59. div f = 1 + 1 = 1 = 3;











F n dS =
div F dV =
3 dV = 3 (volume of D) = 3
S

547

CHAPTER 9 REVIEW EXERCISES

60. div F = x2 + y 2 + z 2 . Using cylindrical coordinates,

F n dS =
S

(r2 + z 2 )r dz dr d
0

 1


2
1 
1 3 
1
3
3
=
r z + rz
r
dr
d
=
+
r
dr d

3
3
0
0
0
0
0
 1

2 

2
5
1 4 1 2 
5
=
r + r  d =
d =
.
4
6
12
6

61. div F = 2x + 2(x + y) 2y = 4x

F n dS =
div F dV =
4x dV =
S

(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) dV =

div F dV =

1x2

1x2

(8xz 2xz 2 ) 
dx =
0

1x2

2z

4x dy dz dx
0

1x2

4x(2 z) dz dx =

(8x 4xz) dz dx

01

[8x(1 x2 ) 2x(1 x2 )2 ] dx
0
1



1
5
2 2
2 3 
= 2(1 x ) + (1 x )  =
3
3
0

62. For S1 , n = (xi + yj)/ x2 + y 2 ; for S2 , n2 = k and z = 0; and for S3 , n3 = k and z = c.
Then












F n dS =
F n1 dS1 +
F n2 dS2 +
F n3 dS3
S

S1

S2

S3

x +y

dS1 +
(z 2 1) dS2 +
(z 2 + 1) dS3
2
2
x +y
S1
S2
S3









=
x2 + y 2 dS1 +
(1) dS2 +
(c2 + 1) dS3
2

S1

dS1

=a
S1

S2

dS2 + (c2 + 1)
S2

S3

dS3
S3

= a(2ac) a2 + (c2 + 1)a2 = 2a2 c + a2 c2 .

63. x = 0 = u = 0, v = y 2 = u = 0, 1 v 0
x = 1 = u = 2y, v = 1 y 2 = 1 u2 /4
y = 0 = u = 0, v = x2 = u = 0, 0 v 1
y = 1 = u = 2x, v = x2 1 = u2 /4 1


(u, v)  2y 2x 
(x, y)
1
=
= 4(x2 + y 2 ) =
=

2
(x, y)
(u, v)
4(x + y 2 )
2x 2y









2
1u2 /4



1
2
2 3 2
2
2 3
2

 dA = 1
(x + y ) x y dA =
(x + y ) v 
v 1/3 dv du
4(x2 + y 2 ) 
4 0 u2 /41
R
S
1u2 /4



2

1 2 3 4/3 
3
=
v
(1 u2 /4)4/3 (u2 /4 1)4/3 du
du =

4 0 4
16 0
u2 /41

2

3
=
(1 u2 /4)4/3 (1 u2 /4)4/3 du = 0
16 0

548

CHAPTER 9 REVIEW EXERCISES

64. y = x = u + uv = v + uv = v = u
x = 2 = u + uv = 2 = v = (2 u)/u
y = 0 = v + uv = 0 = v = 0 or u = 1

(x, y)  1 + w
=
(u, v)  v

(we take v = 0)


u
=1+u+v
1 + u

Using x = u + uv and y = v + uv we nd
(x y)2 = (u + uv v uv)2 = (u v)2 = u2 2uv + v 2
x + y = u + uv + v + uv = u + v + 2uv
(x y) + 2(x + y) + 1 = u2 + 2uv + v 2 + 2(u + v) + 1 = (u + v)2 + 2(u + v) + 1 = (u + v + 1)2 .
2

Then

1
2/(1+v)
1


dA =
(u + v + 1) dA =
du dv
(x y)2 + 2(x + y) + 1
S u+v+1
0
v


1

1
1 2 
2
1
=
v dv = 2 ln(1 + v) v  = 2 ln 2 .
1+v
2
2
0
0

65. The equations of the spheres are x2 + y 2 + z 2 = a2 and x2 + y 2 + (z a)2 = 1. Subtracting these equations, we
obtain (z a)2 z 2 = 1 a2 or 2az + a2 = 1 a2 . Thus, the spheres intersect on the plane z = a 1/2a.
The region of integration is x2 + y 2 + (a 1/2a)2 = a2 or r2 = 1 1/4a2 . The area is

2
11/4a2
11/4a2
2
2 1/r
2
2 1/2 
A=a
(a r )
r dr d = 2a[(a r ) ] 
0



 1/2 


2 1/2 
1
1
2
= 2a a
a
= .
= 2a a a 1 2
4a
2a


66. (a) Both states span 7 degrees of longitude and 4 degrees of latitude, but Colorado is larger because it lies
to the south of Wyoming. Lines of longitude converge as they go north, so the east-west dimensions of
Wyoming are shorter than those of Colorado.

(b) We use the function f (x, y) =
R2 x2 y 2 to describe the northern
hemisphere, where R 3960 miles is the radius of the Earth. We need to
compute the surface area over a polar rectangle P of the form 1 2 ,
R cos 2 r R cos 1 . We have
x
fx = 
2
R x2 y 2
so that

and

fy = 

y
R2

x2 y 2


1+

fx2

fy2

1+

R2

x2 + y 2
R
=
.
2
2
2
x y
R r2

549

CHAPTER 9 REVIEW EXERCISES

Thus


A=

1+

fx2

fy2

R cos 1

dA =

R cos 2

R
r dr d
r2

R2

R cos 2


= (2 1 )R R2 r2 
= (2 1 )R2 (sin 2 sin 1 ).
R cos 1

The ratio of Wyoming to Colorado is then

Colorado.

sin 45 sin 41
0.941. Thus Wyoming is about 6% smaller than
sin 41 sin 37

(c) 97,914/104,247 0.939, which is close to the theoretical value of 0.941. (Our formula for the area says that
the area of Colorado is approximately 103,924 square miles, while the area of Wyoming is approximately
97,801 square miles.)

550