Applications of Multiple Integrals

Surface area problem

1.The part of the plane z = 2x + 2y inside the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 1
We have z = 2x + 2y
δz δz
⇒ = =2
δx p δy
⇒ZdS Z= 1 + 22 + 22 dA = 3dA
⇒ 3dA = 3π(1)2 = 3π square units
x2 +y 2 ≤1

2.The part of the plane 5z = 3x−4y inside the elliptic cylinder x2 +4y 2 =
4
3x − 4y
z=
5
δz 3 δz 4
⇒ = , =
δx r 5 δy 5
32 + 4 2 √
⇒ dS = 1 + 2
dA = 2dA
5
Z Z √ √ p
⇒ 2dA = 2π(2)(1) = 2 (2)π square units
(x 2 2
2 ) +y ≤1
p
3.The hemisphere z = a2 − x2 − y 2
p
z = a2 − x2 − y 2
δz −x δz y
⇒ =p , = −p
δx 2 2 2 δy a2 − x2 − y 2
s a −x −y
x2 + y 2 a
⇒S = 1+ 2 2 2
dA = p dA
a −x −y a − x2 − y 2
2
p
4.The half-ellipsoidal surface z = 2 1 − x2 − y 2
p δz −2x δz 2y
z = 2 1 − x2 − y 2 ⇒ =p , = −p
δx −x −y
1s 2 2 δy 1 − x2 − y 2
s
4(x2 + y 2 1 + 3(x2 + y 2 )
⇒ dS = 1 + 2 2
dA = dA
1−x −y 1 − x2 − y 2
Z 2π Z 1 r
1 + 3r2
Z Z
⇒ dS = dθ rdr
x2 +y 2 ≤1 0 0 1 − r2
(Let u2 = 1 − r2
udu = −rdr)
R1√
= 2π 0 4 − 3u2 du
√
(Let 3u = 2sin(v)
Z π/3
√ 4π π/3
Z
2dv
3du = 2cos(v)dv) = 2π (2cos2 (v) √ = √ (1 + cos2v)dv
0 3 3 0
4π 2
= √ square uints
3 3+π

1
5.The cliptical surface 3z 2 = x2 + y 2 , 0 ≤ z ≤ 2

3z 2 = x2 + y 2 r r
δz z δz y x2 + y 2 9z 2 + 3z 2 2
⇒ 6z = , = 3z ⇒ dS = 1 + 2
dA = 2
dA = √ dA
δxZ Z3x δy 9z 9z 3
2 2 24π
⇒S= √ = √ π(12) = √ square units
x2 +y 2 ≤12 3dA 3 3
6.The paraboloid z = 1 − x2 − y 2 in the first octant
δz δz
z = 1 − x2 − y 2 , = −2x, = −2y
p δx δy
⇒ dS =Z Z1 + 4x2 + 4y 2 dA
p
⇒S= 1 + (4x2 + y 2 )dA
x2 +y 2 ≤1,x≥0,y≥0
Z π/2 Z 1 p
= dθ 1 + 4r2 rdr
0 0
(Let u = 1 + 4r2 ,
du = 8rdr)
Z 5
π 1
= u 2 du
16 √1
π(5 5 − 1)
= square units
24
7.The part of the surface z = y 2 above the triangle with vertices (0,0)
; (0,1) and (1;1)

The triangle is defined by 0 ≤ y ≤ 1, 0 ≤ x ≤ y ,

δz p
z = y2 , = 2y, dS = 1 + 4y 2 dA
Z 1 δyZ y p
= dy 1 + 4y 2 dA
0Z 0
1 1√
= 4x + 1dx,
2 0
Let u = 1 + 4y 2 , √
1 5 1 5 5−1
Z
du = 8ydy, = u du =
2 square units
8 1 12√ √
8.The part of the surface z = x above the region 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ x
√ δz 1
q
1
z = x, δx = 2√ x
, dS = 1 + 4x dA
R1 R x √ q q
1
R 1 4x+1
⇒ S = 0 dx 0 1 + 4x dy = 0 4x
Z 1
1 √
= 4x + 1dx
2 0
Let u = 4x + 1
du = 4dx,

2
 1 5 1
Z
= u 2 du
8√1
5 5−1
=
12
9.The part of the cylindrical surface x2 + z 2 = 4 that lies above the the
region 0 ≤ x ≤ 2, 0 ≤ y ≤ x
δz δz x
We have : z 2 = 4 − x2 ⇒ 2z = −2x ⇒ =−
r δx δx z
x2 2 2
dS = 1 + 2 dA = dA = √ dA
z z 4 − x2
(z ≤ 0)
Z 2 Z x
2
⇒S= dx √ dy
Z 2 0 0 4 − x2
2x
= √
0 4 − x2 dx
Let( u = 4 − x2
du = −2xdx)
Z 4
−1
= u 2 du
0
= 4 square units

10. Show that the parts of surface z = 2xy and z = x2 + y 2 that

lie in the same vertical cylinder have the same area.

The area elements respectively are

• dS1 =
p p
1 + (2y)2 + (2x)2 dA = 1 + 4x2 + 4y 2 dxdy

• dS2 = 1 + (2x)2 + (2y)2 = 1 + 4x2 + 4y 2 dxdy

p p

⇒ dS1 = dS2 ⇒ The area of the parts of both surfaces defined over any
region of the xy-plane will be equal.
1
11. Show that the area S of the part of the paraboloid z = (x2 + y 2 )
2
lying above the square −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 , −1 ≤ y ≤ 1 is given by S =
Z π4
8 3 2π
(1 + sec2 ϕ) 2 dϕ −
3 0 3
1 2 p
We have : z − (x + y 2 ) ⇒ dS = 1 + x2 + y 2 dA
p 2
⇒ dS = 1 + x2 + y 2 dA
(One-eight of the part of surface above −1 ≤ x ≤ 1, −1 ≤ y ≤ 1, lies above
the triangle T: given by 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ x, or , in polar coordinates, by
π 1
0 ≤ θ ≤ ,0 ≤ r ≤ cosθ = secθ)
4

3
 Z Z p
S=8 1 + x2 + y 2 dA
Z T Z
π p
=8 dθ secθ 1 + r2 dr
0 4 0
(Let u = 1 + r2
du = 2rdr)
Z π4 Z 1+sec2 θ
√
=4 dθ udu
Z0 π4 0
8 3
= [(1 + sec2 θ) 2 − 1]dθ
3 0
Using CASIO numberical integration routine, we obtain the numberical value
S ≈ 5.123 square units.
12. The canopy√shown in Figure 14.58 is the part of the hemi-
sphere of radius 2 centred at the origin that lies above the square
−1 ≤ x ≤ 1, −1 ≤ y ≤ 1. Find its area.

Figure 14.58
As we can see from the √ picture , the area of the canopy is the area of a
hemisphere of radius 2 minus four times the area half of a spherical cap cut
2 2 2
off from
p the sphere x + y + z = 2 by a plane at z = 1. Such a spherical cap,
z = 2 − x − y , lies above the disk x2 + y 2 ≤ 2 − 1 = 1.
2 2
δz x δz −y
Since = − and = , the area of cap is
δx rz δy z
x2 + y 2
Z Z
1+ dA
x2 +y 2 ≤1 z2
√ Z 1
rdr
= 2 2π √
0 2 − r2
Let u =Z2 − r2 du = −2rdr
√ 2
−1 √ √ √
= 2π u 2 du= 2 2( 2 − 1) = 4 − 2 2
1
Thus , the area of the canopy is
√ 1 √ √
S = 2π( 2)2 − 4. .(4 − 2 2) = 4(π + 2) − 8 square units.
2

4
Mass and gravitational attraction
13. Find the mass of spherical planet of radius a whose density at
distance R from the centre is ρ = A/(B + R2 )
Z π/2 Z π Z a
AR2 dR
Mass dθ sinϕdϕ 2
0 0 0 B+R
Z a
B
= 4πA (1 − 2 )dA
0 √ R +B
a
= 4πA(a − Btan−1 √ ) units
B
14. The ball x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ a2 , where a < b
A slice of the ball at height z, having thickness dz, is a circular disk of radius
√
a2 − z 2 and areal density ρdz . As calculated in the test , this disk attracts
mass m at (0; 0; b) with vertical force:
b−z
dF = 2πkmρdz(1 − p )
a − z 2 + (b − z)2
2
The ball attracts
Z −a m with vertical force:
b−z
F = 2πkmρ (1 − p )
a a − z 2 + (b − z)2
2

Let v = a2 + b2 − 2bz, dv = −2bdz,

a2 + b2 − v b2 − a 2 + v
then b − z = b − = √
2b v
Z (b+a)2 2
1 b − a2 + v
= 2πkmρ[2a − 2 √ dv]
4b (b−a)2 c
b2 − a2 1
= 2πkmρ[2a − ((b + a) − (b − a)) − 2 ((b + a)3 − (b − a)3 )]
2b2 6b
4πkmρa3 kmM
= =
3b2 b2
where M = ( 43 )πa3 ρ is the mass of the ball . Thus the ball attracts the
external mass m as though the ball were a point mass M locates at its centre.

Figture 14.7-14
15. The cylinder x2 + y 2 ≤ a2 ,0 ≤ z ≤, where h¡b
The force is Z
h
b−z
F = 2πkmρ (1 − p ),
0 a2 + (b − h)2

5
Let u = a2 + (b − z)2 ,
du = −2(b − z)dz,
Z 2 2
1 a +b du
= 2πkmρ(h − √
2 a2 +(b−h)2 u
p p
= 2πkmρ(h − a2 + b2 + a2 + (b − h)2

p Fig 14.7-15
16. The cone 0 ≤ z ≤ b − ( x2 + y 2 )/a
Z b
b−z
The force is F = 2πkmρ (1 − p
0 a + (b − z)2 )dz
2
Z b
1
= 2πkmρ (1 − p
2
a + 1)dz
0
1
= 2πkmρb(1 − √ )
a2 + 1

p Fig 14.7-16
17. The half-ball 0 ≤ z ≤ a2 − x2 − y 2 where a < b
The force is Z a
b−z
F = 2πkmρ (1 − √ )dz
a2 + b2 − 2bz
0
using the same substitution as in Exercise 2

6
 Z a2 +b2 2
1 b − a2 + v
= 2πkmρ(a − √ dv)
4b2 (b−a)2 v
b2 − a2 p 2 1 3
= 2πkmρ(a − ( a + b2 − (b − a)) − 2 ((a2 + b2 ) 2 − (b − a)3 ))
2b2 6b
2πkmρ 3 p
= 2
(2b + a3 − (2b2 − a2 ) a2 + b2 )
3b

Fig 14.7-17