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    Lec 8

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    Computer Programming TA C162 Today's Menu Transistors MOS / CMOS n-Type p-type Logic Gates Implementation Using Transistors AND OR NOT NOR NAND Combined to build higher-level structures Adder, multiplexer, decoder, register,.

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    Lec 8

    Uploaded by

    vipulugale
    41 views12 pages
    Computer Programming TA C162 Today's Menu Transistors MOS / CMOS n-Type p-type Logic Gates Implementation Using Transistors AND OR NOT NOR NAND Combined to build higher-level structures Adder, multiplexer, decoder, register,.

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    Computer Programming TA C162 Today's Menu Transistors MOS / CMOS n-Type p-type Logic Gates Implementation Using Transistors AND OR NOT NOR NAND Combined to build higher-level structures Adder, multiplexer, decoder, register,.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt
    41 views12 pages

    Lec 8

    Uploaded by

    vipulugale
    Computer Programming TA C162 Today's Menu Transistors MOS / CMOS n-Type p-type Logic Gates Implementation Using Transistors AND OR NOT NOR NAND Combined to build higher-level structures Adder, multiplexer, decoder, register,.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt
    of 12

    Computer Programming TA C162

    Today’s Menu
    •Transistors
    • MOS/CMOS
     n-Type
     P-Type
    •Logic Gates Implementation Using Transistors
    • AND
    • OR
    • NOT
    • NOR
    • NAND

    21/01/09 Second Semester 2008-2009 1


    Computer Programming TA C162

    Transistor: Building Block of Computers


    Microprocessors contain millions of transistors
    • Intel Pentium 4 (2000): 48 million
    • IBM PowerPC 750FX (2002): 38 million
    • IBM/Apple PowerPC G5 (2003): 58 million

    Logically, each transistor acts as a switch


    Combined to implement logic functions
    • AND, OR, NOT, XOR, NOR
    Combined to build higher-level structures
    • Adder, multiplexer, decoder, register, …
    Combined to build processor
    • LC-3, Pentium

    21/01/09 Second Semester 2008-2009 2


    Computer Programming TA C162

    n-type MOS Transistor


    MOS = Metal Oxide Semiconductor
    • Two types: n-type and p-type
    n-type
    • When Gate has positive voltage,
    short circuit between #1 and #2
    (switch closed)
    • When Gate has zero voltage,
    open circuit between #1 and #2
    (switch open) Gate = 1

    Terminal #2 must be
    connected to GND (0V).

    Gate = 0

    21/01/09 Second Semester 2008-2009 3


    Computer Programming TA C162

    p-type MOS Transistor


    p-type is complementary to n-type
    • When Gate has positive voltage,
    open circuit between #1 and #2
    (switch open)
    • When Gate has zero voltage,
    short circuit between #1 and #2
    (switch closed)

    Gate = 1
    Terminal #1 must be
    connected to +2.9V.

    Gate = 0

    21/01/09 Second Semester 2008-2009 4


    Computer Programming TA C162

    Logic Gates
    Use switch behavior of MOS transistors
    to implement logical functions: AND, OR, NOT.
    Digital symbols:
    • Recall that we assign a range of analog voltages to each
    digital (logic) symbol

    • Assignment of voltage ranges depends on electrical properties


    of transistors being used
     Typical values for "1": +5V, +3.3V, +2.9V
     From now on we'll use +2.9V
    21/01/09 Second Semester 2008-2009 5
    Computer Programming TA C162

    CMOS Circuit
    Complementary MOS
    Uses both n-type and p-type MOS transistors
    • p-type
     Attached to + voltage
     Pulls output voltage UP when input is zero
    • n-type
     Attached to GND
     Pulls output voltage DOWN when input is one

    For all inputs, make sure that output is either connected to GND or to +, but
    not both!

    21/01/09 Second Semester 2008-2009 6


    Computer Programming TA C162

    NOR Gate

    A B C
    0 0 1
    0 1 0
    1 0 0
    1 1 0
    21/01/09 Second Semester 2008-2009 7
    Computer Programming TA C162

    Inverter (NOT Gate)

    In Out
    0 1
    1 0

    21/01/09 Second Semester 2008-2009 8


    Computer Programming TA C162

    OR Gate
    A B C
    0 0 0
    0 1 1
    1 0 1
    1 1 1

    Add inverter to NOR.

    21/01/09 Second Semester 2008-2009 9


    Computer Programming TA C162

    NAND Gate (AND-NOT)

    A B C
    0 0 1
    0 1 1
    1 0 1
    1 1 0
    21/01/09 Second Semester 2008-2009 10
    Computer Programming TA C162

    AND Gate
    A B C
    0 0 0
    0 1 0
    1 0 0
    1 1 1

    Add inverter to NAND.

    21/01/09 Second Semester 2008-2009 11


    Computer Programming TA C162

    Basic Logic Gates

    21/01/09 Second Semester 2008-2009 12

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