Psychological

Psychological interventions for overweight or obesity (Review)
Shaw KA, ORourke P, Del Mar C, Kenardy J
This is a reprint of a Cochrane review, prepared and maintained by The Cochrane Collaboration and published in The Cochrane Library 2009, Issue 1 http://www.thecochranelibrary.com
Psychological interventions for overweight or obesity (Review) Copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[Intervention Review]
Psychological interventions for overweight or obesity

Kelly A Shaw1 , Peter ORourke2 , Chris Del Mar3 , Justin Kenardy4
1 Menzies Research Institute, Public Health Unit, Hobart , Australia. 2 School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia. 3 Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia. 4 Department of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Contact address: Kelly A Shaw, Menzies Research Institute, Public Health Unit, 2/152 Macquarie Street, Hobart , Tasmania, 7000, Australia. [email protected]. Editorial group: Cochrane Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders Group. Publication status and date: Edited (no change to conclusions), published in Issue 1, 2009. Review content assessed as up-to-date: 29 June 2003. Citation: Shaw KA, ORourke P, Del Mar C, Kenardy J. Psychological interventions for overweight or obesity. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD003818. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003818.pub2. Copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ABSTRACT Background Overweight and obesity are global health problems which are increasing throughout the industrialised world. If left unchecked, they will continue to contribute to the ever increasing non communicable disease burden. Objectives To assess the effects of psychological interventions for overweight or obesity as a means of achieving sustained weight loss. Search methods Studies were obtained from searches of multiple electronic bibliographic databases. Selection criteria Trials were included if the fullled the following criteria: 1) they were randomised controlled clinical trials of a psychological intervention versus a comparison intervention, 2) one of the outcome measures of the study was weight change measured by any method, 3) participants were followed for at least three months, 4) the study participants were adults (18 years or older) who were overweight or obese (BMI > 25 kg/m2 ) at baseline. Data collection and analysis Two people independently applied the inclusion criteria to the studies identied and assessed study quality. Disagreement was resolved by discussion or by intervention of a third party. Meta-analyses were performed using a xed effect model. Main results A total of 36 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Overall, 3495 participants were evaluated. The majority of studies assessed behavioural and cognitive-behavioural weight reduction strategies. Cognitive therapy, psychotherapy, relaxation therapy and hypnotherapy were assessed in a small number of studies. Behaviour therapy was found to result in signicantly greater weight reductions than placebo when assessed as a stand-alone weight loss strategy (WMD -2.5 kg; 95% CI -1.7 to -3.3). When behaviour therapy was combined with a diet / exercise approach and compared with diet / exercise alone, the combined intervention resulted in a greater weight reduction. Studies were heterogeneous however the majority of studies favoured combining behaviour therapy with dietary and exercise interventions to improve weight loss. Increasing the intensity of the behavioural intervention signicantly increased
the weight reduction (WMD -2.3 kg; 95% CI -1.4 to - 3.3). Cognitive-behaviour therapy, when combined with a diet / exercise intervention, was found to increase weight loss compared with diet / exercise alone (WMD -4.9 kg; 95% CI -7.3 to - 2.4). No data on mortality, morbidity or quality of life were found. Authors conclusions People who are overweight or obese benet from psychological interventions, particularly behavioural and cognitive-behavioural strategies, to enhance weight reduction. They are predominantly useful when combined with dietary and exercise strategies. The bulk of the evidence supports the use of behavioural and cognitive-behavioural strategies. Other psychological interventions are less rigorously evaluated for their efcacy as weight loss treatments.
PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Psychological interventions for overweight or obesity Several psychological methods are used to try and help people who are overweight or obese to lose weight. This review found that cognitive behaviour therapy and behaviour therapy signicantly improved the success of weight loss for these people. Cognitive therapy was not effective as a weight loss treatment. There was not enough evidence to reach a conclusion about other psychological forms of therapy, such as relaxation therapy and hypnotherapy, however the evidence that is available suggests that these therapies may also be successful in improving weight loss. No data on mortality, morbidity or quality of life were found.

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Psychological interventions for overweight or obesity (Review)

Shaw KA, ORourke P, Del Mar C, Kenardy J

Psychological interventions for overweight or obesity

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