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Ruben A. Rodriguez

Mrs. Monica Rodriguez

ENGL 1302

4 October 2023

Annotated Bibliography

The process of one’s journey to achieving such a physique that is deemed as healthy and

fit is not so easy to accomplish. Many people think that such a goal is not difficult to achieve,

and others think otherwise, however both parties can agree on the fact that it is a journey worth

going through. Alongside the goal of achieving a healthy toned body is the diet, making the goal

more interesting and tedious for one to successfully achieve.

Karmore, et al. “Effect of Dietary Modification and Physical Activity on Obese Young Adults

Going to Gym for Weight Loss in Central India: A Before and After Study.” ProQuest.

Cureus Inc. 2023.

In this article the authors, Utkarsha P Kamore, Uiwala U Ukey, and Sarita K Sharma,

state that in order to have an appropriate growth and development, an adequate diet is essential to

fully fulfill those components. The authors state that high fatty foods with high in calories tend to

be more accessible making the public nutritional safety scarce which needs to be fixed (4). The

authors argue in order to maintain balance between calories consumed and calories lost from

exercising, one must take into consideration on regulating to ensure their body weight does not

increase but instead stays in balance. They follow this with stating the problem with obesity and

how it is a disorder amongst young adults. A struggle in oneself to upkeep a healthy diet and
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exercise and unfortunately leads to health problems (5). They follow this with stating the factors

that contribute to obesity such as it being hereditary, sleep schedule, specific medications, and

eating patterns (2). Using tables and charts to prove these health problems in comparison to

healthy diets, data management was charted and carried out through face-to-face interviews. “As

many as 6.4% of women and 4.0% of men are affected due to obesity”. The authors make it

apparent that being obese doesn’t fit with feeling better and making better health decisions. In

order to boost self-esteem and overall, one’s life they must have a healthy balanced diet paired

with exercising (9). This article is valuable to my because it notes good calories to intake and

educates me on the factors and consequences of the lack exercise and eating healthy.

Porter, Lucy, et al. “The Impact of COVID-19 on the Eating Habits of Families Engaged in a

Healthy Eating Pilot Trial: A Thematic Analysis.” ProQuest. Taylor & Francis Ltd. Dec.

2022.

In this article the author’s, Lucy Porter, Jennifer S. Cox, Kim A. Wright, Natalia S.

Lawrence, and Fiona B. Gillison, main points are that the pandemic COVID-19 caused a

disruption in everyday people’s life’s specifically regarding exercise and food intake. The

authors back this up with performing a study with children aged between 4 and 8 years who

have already experienced in a healthy pilot trial (2). “The disruption of lockdown and other

restrictions has impacted the way the public obtain and consume food (Food Standards Agency,

2020b). The authors argue that the lockdown imposed by government officials regarding

COVID-19, forced families to resort to junk food and ultimately did damage to kid’s lifestyles.

They used methods like gathering parents who already had a healthy pilot trial to test the

feasibility and efficacy of a healthy eating app. Since it was concluded that kids mirrored

parents this experiment was seen as effective (2). With the thematic analysis the results were
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that seven out of eleven parents were bachelors or master’s degrees on the index of multiple

deprivation associated with home postcodes ranged from 2nd most deprived decile to the 7th

decile (7) (table 1). This article helps my research because I myself struggled with quarantine

and junk food and this helps me find ways to overcome these obstacles and stay on track.

Althunibat, Osama Y, et al. “The Impact of Weight Loss Diet Programs on Anemia, Nutrient

Deficiencies, and Organ Dysfunction Markers among University Female Students: A

Cross-Sectional Study.” ProQuest. Feb. 2023.

In this article the authors, Osama Y. Althunibat, Ayesh Mohammed Saghir Sultan,

Saleem Hmoud Aladaileh, and Atikah Rawadieh, main points are that obesity is a growing

worldwide health issue which also engages in the development of chronic diseases such as

diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease (1,2). The authors arrived at this

point with doing providing studies and showing the World Health Organization (WHO), the

index. With numbers on the BMI 18.5-24.9 kg considered and 25-29.9 considered obese, the

authors were able to collect data to put it into perspective statistically (8). Questionnaires done

with participants was done to indicate if participants were attempting WLDPs or not. With this

they were able to identify the rates at which a chronic disease could be triggered regarding

weight. This article helps with my research because I am considering it and using this

information as a reminder of what can happen if I don’t stay on track.

Moholdt, Trine, et al. “Effect of High-Fat Diet and Morning or Evening Exercise on Lipoprotein

Subfraction Profiles: Secondary Analysis of a Randomised Trial.” ProQuest. Nature

Publishing Group. 2023.

In this article the authors, Trine Moholdt, Evelyn B. Parr, Brooke L. Devlin, Guro F.

Giskeodegard, and John A. Hawley, main points were that working out effects lipoproteins in a
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positive way rather than not working out. They did with three randomized trails which consisted

of 24 men who consumed an HFD for 11 days. One group consisted of people who didn’t work

out and the other of people that did. they concluded that the people who did work out reduced the

concentration of the speed of the lipid subfractions (1). The evidence shown in figure 6

showcased the experiment results that were done in the span of 11 days (8). “High levels of

circulating low-density lipoprotein (I.D.L) cholesterol is a major risk factor predisposing to

atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and the primary target for lipid-lowering

therapies”. This article helps with my research because it lets me know exactly what is being

targeted internally. The pros of what It does inside my body and not just the outside.

Shaughnessy, Allen F. “Low-Carbohydrate Diet Better Than Low-Fat Diet to Reduce

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cause Weight Loss.” ProQuest, American Academy of

Family Physicians. 15 Feb. 2015.

In this article the author Allen F. Shaughnessy found that a low- carbohydrate diet caused

greater weight loss than a low-fat diet by performing a study of a low-carbohydrate diet and a

low-fat diet comparing the two. He found that the low-carbohydrate diet caused an average 3.5

kg (7.7 ib) greater weight loss (260). 148 volunteers 88% were women and 50% were black

showing it was randomized. He made sure that both groups were accounted for by receiving

counseling consisting with a dietitian for the first four weeks (260). Unnoticeable differences

between the groups, the study went perfect, and he found clear results that the low-carbohydrate

diet was an far more effective diet. “Blood pressure, glucose levels, and insulin levels were not

different between the groups” (260). This article helps my research by providing me with a safe

option to pursue if I wanted to speed up the process of my journey.

term weight loss?" American Family Physician, vol. 67, no. 3 2003.

In this article the author Michael Schooff main point is that low-fat diets are no better

than low-calorie diets (1). He does by searching the Cochrane Library and the Science Citation

Index. He did trails that were randomized and controlled trails of low-fat diets verse other weight

reducing diets. Within the two groups there were four studies that had a six month follow up and

it was concluded that there was no significant difference in weight loss between the two.

“Weight management requires a long-term commitment beyond the initial weight-loss period”

(2). This article contributed to my research because it reassured me that even if the diet, I am

trying out seems too difficult, I could resort to a diet that closely fits my normal diet. That way I

can still stay on track and not be fearful of giving up.

Elliot, Catherine Anne, and Michael John Hamlin. “Combined Diet and Physical Activity Is

Better than Diet or Physical Activity Alone at Improving Health Outcomes for Patients in

New Zealand’s Primary Care Intervention.” ProQuest. BioMed Central. 2018.

In this article the authors, Catherine Anne Elliot and Michael John Hamlin, analyzed the

impact of changing diet and increasing exercise on health. The authors studied the everyday

human life and collect data regarding the lack of physical activity, smoking tobacco and an

unhealthy diet contribute to almost 80% of the world’s risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2

diabetes (2). “Cardiovascular disease is an epidemic driven by type 2 diabetes and the metabolic

syndrome” (2). They perform an experiment with having 10,000 patients who were invited to

complete a survey. From this they found that having a combined diet and physical activity

worked better and overall provided more for the people compared to only having a good diet.

Although having a good diet was effective; having both a good diet and exercise made the tests
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far more effective. This article helps my research because it lets me know that by doing both, I

could easily achieve my goal faster and far more effectively.

Pacewicz, Christine E, et al. “The Role of Physical Activity on the Link Between Stress, Burnout,

and Well-Being in Athletic Trainers.” ProQuest. National Athletic Trainers Association.

July 2022.

In this article the authors Christine E. Pacewicz, Taylor W. Rowley, and Jennifer L.

Savage main claim is that stress is a leading cause of burnout in working out and even

professions. The authors back this up with stating the consequence of burning out and the signs

that lead up to it such as overthinking, anxiety, and low sleep (2). the authors performed an

experiment. “Participants completed a survey that measured leisure time planned physical

activity, work related stress, burnout, and perceived life satisfaction (2). The results were that

stress was associated with exhaustion. This contributes to my article by pointing out how stress

can contribute on stunting my progress.

In conclusion these articles contribute to my journey by showing me the different paths I

could take regarding my diet and the effects on the mind. With combining the information from

these articles, I can conclude that there are certain diets like a low-carbohydrate diet that could

be effective yet difficult, while also reassuring me that it doesn’t have to be the only way to

achieve my goal. To ensure I don’t give up this goal I was educated on what diets to try and what

exercises to do. The experience of it all would be very much tiresome, but with these

contributing articles, I am able to go at this with a better and more secure mindset.
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Work Cited

Karmore, et al. “Effect of Dietary Modification and Physical Activity on Obese Young Adults

Going to Gym for Weight Loss in Central India: A Before and After Study.” ProQuest,

Cureus Inc., 2023, www.proquest.com/docview/2844019422/4C22E322FA154E5CPQ/1.

Porter, Lucy, et al. “The Impact of COVID-19 on the Eating Habits of Families Engaged in a

Healthy Eating Pilot Trial: A Thematic Analysis.” ProQuest, Taylor & Francis Ltd., Dec.

2022, www.proquest.com/docview/2755672954/BFB4A807E3444322PQ/1

Althunibat, Osama Y, et al. “The Impact of Weight Loss Diet Programs on Anemia, Nutrient

Deficiencies, and Organ Dysfunction Markers among University Female Students: A

Cross-Sectional Study.” ProQuest, Feb. 2023,

www.proquest.com/docview/2761460915/301FF918DB2D4296PQ/1.

Moholdt, Trine, et al. “Effect of High-Fat Diet and Morning or Evening Exercise on Lipoprotein

Subfraction Profiles: Secondary Analysis of a Randomised Trial.” ProQuest, Nature

Publishing Group , 2023,

www.proquest.com/docview/2785508534/abstract/8D10EFCBDA6F4F06PQ/3
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Shaughnessy, Allen F. “Low-Carbohydrate Diet Better Than Low-Fat Diet to Reduce

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cause Weight Loss.” ProQuest, American Academy of

Family Physicians , 15 Feb. 2015,

www.proquest.com/docview/2454241551/citation/D8BE5B77ACAF4F07PQ/1

Schooff, Michael. "Are low-fat diets better than other weight-reducing diets in achieving long-

term weight loss?" American Family Physician, vol. 67, no. 3, 2003, pp. 507-8.

ProQuest,

https://go.openathens.net/redirector/tamiu.edu?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-

journals/are-low-fat-diets-better-than-other-weight/docview/234301632/se-2

Elliot, Catherine Anne, and Michael John Hamlin. “Combined Diet and Physical Activity Is

Better than Diet or Physical Activity Alone at Improving Health Outcomes for Patients in

New Zealand’s Primary Care Intervention.” ProQuest, BioMed Central, 2018,

www.proquest.com/docview/2049621494/abstract/CD3CDC6F9F094CDFPQ/1

Pacewicz, Christine E, et al. “The Role of Physical Activity on the Link Between Stress,

Burnout, and Well-Being in Athletic Trainers.” ProQuest, National Athletic Trainers

Association, July 2022,

www.proquest.com/docview/2684826343/abstract/F9F5B2B6AFEB477EPQ/1
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