USLE

Vegetation cover degradation is still a very common problem in many parts of Morocco; moreover, it affects straight up the amount of the annual soil loss rate. The analytical approach used in this study, respectively, includes remote sensing techniques, application of USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) and overlay analysis in a raster Geographic Information System (GIS) environment, employing available information on the region covering the Kalaya catchment. Thus, this procedure allowed the calculation of the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), the execution of two types of classification (unsupervised and supervised) for 1999 and 2010 imagery and eventually the prediction of soil erosion risk in the watershed in question. The main outcome was the production of multidate vegetation cover maps, land use maps and soil loss risk maps. The overlay of two maps allowed us to highlight the changes occurred in this area, which evidence the high anthropogenic impact on the dynami...

Soil erosion is natural phenomena and is modified by biophysical environment comprising soil, climate, terrain, ground cover and their interactions. Due to different factors, it is difficult to make watershed management successful in all areas at one time. Because of this, prioritization of sub watershed is very important for soil conservation planning and implementation. In Somodo watershed more than five years different soil and water conservation technologies were implemented and satisfactory result was not recorded. In this aspect, it is important to consider further watershed management planning., This study therefore investigated soil erosion risk assessment using GIS and USLE model for soil and water conservation in Somodo watershed southwestern Ethiopia with the aim of estimating soil erosion rate and identify soil erosion hot pot areas through prioritization of sub watershed in Somodo watershed by the help of GIS based USLE model. Both primary and secondary data sources wer...

Assessment of soil erosion is expensive and intensively long exercise. A number of parametric models have been developed to forecast soil erosion at drainage basins, yet Universal Soil Loss Equation, popularly known as USLE model is most widely used empirical formula for estimating annual soil loss from agricultural basins. With the advance of Remote Sensing technique it becomes possible to measure hydrologic parameters on spatial scales while Geographic Information System integrates the spatial analytical functionality for spatially distributed data. In the present paper the application of USLE model and GIS, for soil loss estimation has been presented for the Tandula reservoir catchment area on Tanudula River at Balod Tehsil of Durg district of Chhattisgarh State, India. The result obtained from USLE model has been compared with existing model , Nayak and Khosla;s method, it is observed that USLE with GIS give better result as compared to other two methods. Keywords—GIS, ILWIS, Ma...

Erosi aktual berdasarkan nilai RKLSCP yang memiliki nilai lebih tinggi dari erosi yang dapat ditoleransi (TSL) memerlukan tindakan konservasi, begitu sebaliknya. Tindakan konservasi harus melihat aspek sosial, ekonomi, dan kondisi riil di lapang sehingga teknik konservasi tanah dan air dapat dilakukan seoptimal mungkin.

A comprehensive methodology that integrates Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were adopted to determine the soil erosion vulnerability of a forested mountainous sub-watershed in Kerala, India. The spatial pattern of annual soil erosion rate was obtained by integrating geo-environmental variables in a raster-based GIS method. GIS data layers including, rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodability (K), slope length and steepness (LS), cover management (C) and conservation practice (P) factors were computed to determine their effects on average annual soil loss in the area. The resultant map of annual soil erosion shows a maximum soil loss of 282.2 t/h/yr with a close relation to grassland areas, degraded forests and deciduous forests on the steep side-slopes. The spatial erosion maps generated with RUSLE method and GIS can serve as effective inputs in deriving strategies for land planning and management in the environmentally sensitive mountainous areas.

— Soil erosion is natural phenomena and is modified by biophysical environment comprising soil, climate, terrain, ground cover and their interactions. Due to different factors, it is difficult to make watershed management successful in all areas at one time. Because of this, prioritization of sub watershed is very important for soil conservation planning and implementation. In Somodo watershed more than five years different soil and water conservation technologies were implemented and satisfactory result was not recorded. In this aspect, it is important to consider further watershed management planning., This study therefore investigated soil erosion risk assessment using GIS and USLE model for soil and water conservation in Somodo watershed southwestern Ethiopia with the aim of estimating soil erosion rate and identify soil erosion hot pot areas through prioritization of sub watershed in Somodo watershed by the help of GIS based USLE model. Both primary and secondary data sources were used for model input. These data were computed at a grid level with 30*30m resolution and then overlaid to generate mean annual soil loss by the help of raster calculator in Arc GIS tool. Results of the study showed that, the mean annual soil loss of the watershed was 18.69 ton ha-1 year-1 ranging from 0 to 131.21. More than 75% of the watershed have soil loss greater than 20 ton ha-1 year-1 and only 25% of the area have soil loss less than 10 ton ha-1 year-1 .On the bases of mean annual soil loss SW-4, SW-6 and SW-7 were under slight (0-10 ton ha-1 year-1) erosion severity level, while the remaining SW-2, SW-3 and SW-8 were under moderate (10-20 ton ha-1 year-1) level. And SW-1 was in high (20-30 ton ha-1 year-1) erosion severity level, where as SW-5 and SW-9 were found in very high (>30 ton ha-1 year-1) erosion severity level. Since large area of the watershed has soil loss more than tolerable level (11 ton ha-1 year-1) attention should be given to identify erosion hot spot areas to minimize the on-site and off-site problems. Therefore, the study suggested that for effective watershed management and soil conservation planning, these sub-watershed priorities should be used in the watershed.

Pengelolaan  DAS  merupakan  kegiatan  memperbaiki,  memelihara  dan melindungi  keadaan  DAS  agar  dapat  menghasilkan  barang  dan  jasa  khususnya. Indikator yang  cukup  penting  dalam  keberhasilan  pengelolaan  DAS  yaitu  erosi tanah. Tingkat Bahaya  Erosi  (TBE)  adalah  perkiraan jumlah  tanah  yang  hilang maksimum  yang  akan  terjadi  pada  suatu  lahan,  bila  pengelolaan  tanaman  dan tindakan  konservasi  tanah  tidak mengalami  perubahan.  Konservasi  adalah penempatan  setiap  bidang  tanah  pada  cara  penggunaan  yang  sesuai  dengan kemampuan  tanah  tersebut dan  memperlakukannya  sesuai  dengan  syarat-syarat yang  diperlukan  agar  tidak  terjadi  kerusakan  tanah  (Arsyad,  1989).  Fakta menunjukan  bahwa informasi  mengenai  Tingkat Bahaya  Erosi  (TBE)  di DAS Cimanuk belum menggunakan data terkini sehingga data yang telah ada tidak dapat digunakan  lagi seiring bertambahnya  waktu  yang  dapat  merubah kondisi  terkini dilapangan.

Soil erosion is one of the critical problem occurs in india as well as some developed countries. A large area can prone for soil erosion, which turn, reduces productivity. Soil erosion estimation is very time consuming exercise. Methods such as the Universal Soil loss Equation (USLE) are widely used for the estimation of soil erosion from watershed. This paper deals with the estimation of soil erosion using USLE in a GIS environment and prioritization of watersheds on that basis. Vishwamitri river watershed in Gujarat, India is taken as the study area. Satellite images of IRS-P6 LISS-III have been used. Various thematic maps like Land use, Soil and Slope map were prepared at BISAG. soil erosion of each of the sub watersheds was estimated. The sub watershed was prioritization of watershed. In present Study, all five parameters of USLE like R.K.LS, C,P was estimated. Calculating all five parameters of USLE, it is found that two sub watersheds coded as SW1 & SW2 are subjected to very severe condition which needs to controlling measures. Remaining two sub watersheds coded as SW3 & SW4 are subjected to Moderate condition. The computed Annual Soil loss of study area is 240.27 ton /ha/year

"A soil erosion risk map was developed for Yulin, North Shaanxi province, China, using the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) and geoinformation technolog, i. e. remote sensing (RS) , geographical information system (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS). Spatially modeling soil erosion in the GIS required generating representative raster layers based on secondary data for the following pararneters; rainfall erosivity, slope length,/gradient, soil erodibility and conservation practices. Landsat TM imagery for the year 1999 was utilized to produce land use/cover maps of the study area based on the maximum likelihood classification method. These maps were then used to generate the conservation practice factor in the RUSLE.
The analysis was performed using IDRISI32, a raster based GIS software, which is used to interactively calculate soil loss and map erosion risk. Results showed that 2 202.7 km'? has very slight soil erosion, and I 004.4 km' has slight soil erosion. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of geoinformation technology
for generating soil risk maps. "

Vegetation cover degradation is still a very common problem in many parts of Morocco; moreover, it affects straight up the amount of the annual soil loss rate. The analytical approach used in this study, respectively, includes remote sensing techniques, application of USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) and overlay analysis in a raster Geographic Information System (GIS) environment, employing available information on the region covering the Kalaya catchment. Thus, this procedure allowed the calculation of the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), the execution of two types of classification (unsupervised and supervised) for 1999 and 2010 imagery and eventually the prediction of soil erosion risk in the watershed in question. The main outcome was the production of multidate vegetation cover maps, land use maps and soil loss risk maps. The overlay of two maps allowed us to highlight the changes occurred in this area, which evidence the high anthropogenic impact on the dynamics of land use and vegetation cover. The results suggest that the outputs of this study can be used for predicting rate of soil loss, which varied from 31.68 t • ha −1 • yr −1 in 1999 to 34.74 t • ha −1 • yr −1 in 2010.

The aim of this work is to estimate soil erosion on Laknavaram lake basin, JayashankarBhupalpally district, Telangana. Soils play a major role in production of food, storage of water, nutrients and organic matter. Loss of soils effects its ability to perform these functions. Soil loss reduces its potential in crop production, damages drainage network, decreases the capacity of hydraulic structures. Estimation of soil erosion in this study has been done using USLE model. The USLE was developed from soil erosion plot and rainfall simulator experiments. The USLE is composed of six factors to estimate the average annual soil loss (A). The equation includes rainfall erosivity factor(R), soil erodibility factor (K), the topographic factors (L and S), cover management(C), practice management (P).The equation takes the simple product form: A=R.K.LS.C.P (Where LS is calculated together as a single factor).

Bu çalı manın amacı ba ta Mut havzasında (Pirinçsuyu ve Kurtsuyu dereleri) erozyona duyarlı alanların belirlenmesinin yanında Co rafi Bilgi Sistemleri ve Uzaktan Algılama teknolojilerinin erozyon tahmininde yetene i ve kapasitesini ortaya koymaktır. Havzada erozyona duyarlı alanların belirlenmesi için USLE e itli i tercih edilmi tir. USLE' deki tüm parametreleri için Co rafi Bilgi Sistemleri ortamında tematik katmanlar üretilmi tir. Çalı ma alanının arazi örtüsü/kullanımı (C faktör) güncel uydu görüntülerinden yararlanılarak kontrolsüz sınıflandırma ve NDVI teknikleri kullanılarak belirlenmi tir. Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlü ü tarafından üretilen arazi kullanım verileriyle uzaktan algılama verileri kullanılarak elde edilen C faktörünün sisteme dâhil edilmesi sonucu havza için üç farklı erozyon duyarlılık haritası üretilmi tir. Sonuç duyarlılık haritalarına göre; Uzaktan Algılama teknikleri kullanılarak elde edilen sonuçlarda yüksek benzerlik tespit edilmi tir.

En una región tropical de Veracruz, México, se evaluaron sin repetición cinco sistemas agroforestales de café bajo sombra: 1) sistema agroforestal rusticano; 2) policultivo tradicional mejorado (PTM) con barreras vivas de palo de agua (Eupatorium morifolium Mill) y terrazas individuales; 3) PTM con cobertura de canavalia (Canavalia ensiformis (L) De Candolle); 4) PTM con cobertura de cacahuatillo (Arachis pintoi Krap & Greg nom. nud. (Cook)); 5) PTM con barreras vivas de palma camedor (Chamaedorea elegans Mart) y palo de agua. Se determinaron el escurrimiento superficial, la pérdida de suelo y de nutrimentos y se relacionaron con índices de erosividad de la lluvia y del escurrimiento superficial, durante 2000 y 2001. Se encontró que de 132 a 178 eventos de lluvia anuales sólo 32 a 36% fueron erosivos y 29 a 34% produjeron escurrimiento superficial, originando bajos coeficientes de escurrimiento (0.8 a 14%). La pérdida anual de suelo en estos sistemas varió entre 0.28 y 4.56 t ha − − − − −1 , la de nitratos entre 0.03 y 0.54 kg ha − − − − −1 y la de potasio entre 0.04 y 4.45 kg ha − − − − −1 . El índice de erosividad AIm reveló alta relación lineal con la precipitación y con el escurrimiento superficial, mayor que la relación mostrada por los índices EI 30 y KE>25. Lo mismo ocurrió con la pérdida de suelo en el segundo año, ya que en el primero el EI 30 fue mejor. La pérdida de suelo y la de nutrimentos mostraron alta relación con el escurrimiento superficial.

Laterites of Birbhum district are indentified as the ‘low-level laterites’ of ‘Rarh Plain’ of West Bengal and these are very much prone to severe soil erosion (mainly surface and sub-surface water erosion) in the monsoonal season (June - September.) Laterites and lateritic soils (locally named ‘Kankara’) of Caniozoic upland (adjoining areas of Rampurhat I block, Birbhum and Shikaripara block, Dumka- the study area), are the direct result of monsoonal wet-dry type of morpho-climatic processes and further laterisation of fluvial deposited materials (formation of surface duricrust) which was coming from Rajmahal Hills of eastern Chotanagpur Plateau (Jharkhand) in late Pleistocene. Such type of vermiform laterites is shaped and dissected by numerous gullies and ravines, giving birth of badland topography (locally named ‘Khoai’) of both degradation and aggradation processes. Before the soil conservation practices it is helpful if the assessment of soil erosion can be transformed into a statement of how fast soil is being eroded. The estimation of rate of annual soil loss is required in that case, because we must have to predict soil loss through effective models under a wide range of conditions. In this study the entire assessment is focused on the application Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and Morgan, Morgan and Finney (MMF) methods in the soil loss estimation of sample slope segments, and relative comparison and suitability of both methods in the precise estimation of predicting soil loss.

Soil degradation is a serious problem in the central and northern Highlands of Ethiopia. It has been so for several decades as a result of over exploitation and mismanagement. Relocation of a portion of the population from these regions to the relatively less populated Southwestern Highlands has taken place for decades to try to address the problem. However, such mass resettlements have caused severe soil degradation problems in many destination areas in the Southwestern Highlands. The aim of this study was to assess the problem of soil degradation using the caesium-137 isotope and to test its value for erosion study in the region. The adapted USLE was applied to compare results from the caesium-137 isotope studies. Along a deforestation continuum, fields cultivated for various years were studied for erosion. From a reference grazing land plot, total caesium-137 fallout of 2026 AE 176 Bq m À2 with a CVof 24Á6 per cent was recorded showing the presence of sufficient fallout to apply the technique. Erosion in cultivated fields was estimated against this reference using conversion models. Results from the Proportional Model jÀ13Á9 AE 2Á7jand the adapted USLE j12Á3 AE 2Á6j were not significantly different ( p < 0Á05), meaning the technique provides reliable results. A positive relationship was observed between severity of erosion and time of cultivation after forest clearing (R 2 ¼ 0Á78). The mean annual loss of soil from cultivated land, 14Á9 AE 2Á9 t ha À1 y À1 , is already beyond the tolerable threshold and might exacerbate further clearing of forests for cultivation if the land is not properly managed.

Se implementó un modelo para la evaluación de la susceptibilidad a la erosión en el municipio de Anorí por medio de la utilización de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) que permitieron la evaluación espacial de las diferentes variables de un modelo basado en la Ecuación Universal de Pérdida del Suelo (USLE), y que tiene en cuenta el posible cambio de cobertura vegetal por el desarrollo a futuro de proyectos mineros. El modelo incluye las principales variables como son las hidrológicas (lluvia, escorrentía), la pendiente, la geología y las coberturas vegetales, esta ultima modificada para un escenario futuro con minería.

El municipio de Anorí está ubicado en la región norte-nordeste antioqueño y presenta un valioso potencial minero, el cual se ha incrementado por los altos valores del oro en el mundo y por la denominada locomotora de la minería impulsada por el Gobierno Nacional. De acuerdo con los resultados del modelo, el cambio de cobertura vegetal por el desarrollo de los proyectos mineros a cielo abierto incrementa directamente la susceptibilidad a la erosión en el municipio de Anorí. En consecuencia, la gestión ambiental en el modelo de susceptibilidad a la erosión está basada en el manejo del cambio de las coberturas vegetales, mediante la implementación de mecanismos de prevención, mitigación y compensación, para evitar el incremento de la erosión.

Vegetation cover degradation is still a very common problem in many parts of Morocco; moreover, it affects straight up the amount of the annual soil loss rate. The analytical approach used in this study, respectively, includes remote sensing techniques, application of USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) and overlay analysis in a raster Geographic Information System (GIS) environment, employing available information on the region covering the Kalaya catchment. Thus, this procedure allowed the calculation of the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), the execution of two types of classification (unsupervised and supervised) for 1999 and 2010 imagery and eventually the prediction of soil erosion risk in the watershed in question. The main outcome was the production of multidate vegetation cover maps, land use maps and soil loss risk maps. The overlay of two maps allowed us to highlight the changes occurred in this area, which evidence the high anthropogenic impact on the dynamics of land use and vegetation cover. The results suggest that the outputs of this study can be used for predicting rate of soil loss, which varied from 31.68 t•ha −1 •yr −1 in 1999 to 34.74 t•ha −1 •yr −1 in 2010.

The main objective of this studied was detected the land degradation processes using parametric approach, geo-statistical and modelbuilder methods. There are five major of land degradation were calculated by Universal Soil Lose Equations (USLE) for assessment land degradation in the studied area. The area is selected on the basis of being representative of most of the physiographic units of North Sinai and the eastern outskirts of Nile Delta region. It is located in the two sides of Sues Canal and in between latitudes 31°22´11.30 and 30°54´0.12 and longitudes 32°3´5.93 and 32°33´18.90, with total area 135008.14 hectars (321448 feddans). In order to understand the variation of land degradation types, graphical interpretation of parametric factors of land degradation were performed using geostatistics. All spatial models were created using Arc GIS 9.2 a software from ESRI. The soil degradation by water erosion in the studied area was obvious that the slight water erosion (less than 0.02 t/ha/year) while the whole area is subjected to slight wind erosion (less than 2.63 t/ha/year) while the present state of salinization in the area is Slight to very high while the present state of Alkalinization in the area is Slight to very high while the whole area is subjected to slight to high physical degradation (from 0.01 to 7.5 t/ha/year). The dominate land degradation were Salinization and alkalization.

Soil erosion is one of the critical problem occurs in india as well as some developed countries. A large area can prone for soil erosion, which turn, reduces productivity. Soil erosion estimation is very time consuming exercise. Methods such as the Universal Soil loss Equation (USLE) are widely used for the estimation of soil erosion from watershed. This paper deals with the estimation of soil erosion using USLE in a GIS environment and prioritization of watersheds on that basis. Vishwamitri river watershed in Gujarat, India is taken as the study area. Satellite images of IRS-P6 LISS-III have been used. Various thematic maps like Land use, Soil and Slope map were prepared at BISAG. soil erosion of each of the sub watersheds was estimated. The sub watershed was prioritization of watershed. In present Study, all five parameters of USLE like R.K.LS, C,P was estimated. Calculating all five parameters of USLE, it is found that two sub watersheds coded as SW1 & SW2 are subjected to very s...

The USLE model was evaluated to estimate water erosion in an Alfisol located in San Pedro, Metropolitan Region of Chile. Values of erosivity (R) obtained by using the Arnoldus approximation (MFI) and equations proposed by the Institute for Nature Conservation (ICONA) in Spain were adapted to the conditions in Chile. For the evaluation of soil loss, data were used for each precipitation event causing erosion during the period 1996-2000, obtained by measurements on experimental plots with treatments of subsoiling, infiltration trenches and natural prairie. They were compared with estimated values of erosion in terms of basic statistics and indices based on variance and regression. In the descriptive and comparative analysis of the selected equations, it was determined that soil losses estimated with USLE using the equation of rainfall erosivity by ICONA provided soil loss values which were well-adjusted to the values recorded in Chile, compared to erosivity calculated by the Arnoldus approximation (MFI) that overestimated the soil loss values. According to the results or estimates in this study it was concluded that the USLE model was capable of detecting the trend of the data, and resulted in estimates consistent with the pattern observed in the field data.

Abstract: Water is one of the essential natural resource for the very survival of life on the planet Earth. Demand for water is increasing day by day, with the ever increasing population, resulted severe water crisis. We need water for agriculture, industry, human and cattle consumption. The available water is also affected by problem of pollution and contamination. Therefore it is very important to manage this very essential resource in a sustainable manner. Hence, we need proper management and development plan to conserve, restore or recharge water, where soil loss is very high due to various topographical conditions. The USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) method is one of the significant RS-GIS tools for prioritization of micro watersheds. A watershed is an ideal unit for study and to implement any model of water management towards achieving sustainable development. The significant factors for the planning and development of a watershed are its physiography, drainage, geomorphol...

... Building Topology Continuing with the data automation process was constructing topology. ... Map Д &amp; П&quot; £ IL /ataMon/ /Basin//Boundary/ Aanduse/ /Slope/ / Soil / THIESSEN Apply Thiessen proximity method to transform point coverage to polygon coverage INTERSECT ...