The Lean Startup

Context: Development of software-intensive products and services increasingly occurs by continuously deploying product or service increments, such as new features and enhancements, to customers. Product and service developers must continuously find out what customers want by direct customer feedback and usage behaviour observation. Objective: This paper examines the preconditions for setting up an experimentation system for continuous customer experiments. It describes the RIGHT model for Continuous Experimentation (Rapid Iterative value creation Gained through High-frequency Testing), illustrating the building blocks required for such a system. Method: An initial model for continuous experimentation is analytically derived from prior work. The model is matched against empirical case study findings from two startup companies and further developed. Results: Building blocks for a continuous experimentation system and infrastructure are presented. Conclusions: A suitable experimentation system requires at least the ability to release minimum viable products or features with suitable

Presently, there is a need for development of new companies and growth of existing enterprises. Likewise, there is an academic interest in Lean start-up concept. Hence, this paper investigates how potential entrepreneurs, small business owners and innovators can test and commercialise their business ideas by applying the Lean start-up technique. The main goals of this paper are to present the application of the Lean start-up method in real-life situations and show how the method can be applied by the entrepreneurs. Four small companies were observed for 3 to 5 months and five serial entrepreneurs were interviewed. Similarly, 18 best Finnish start-ups (in 2014) were surveyed. The research results showed that the technique can be used for idea and innovation testing. It was revealed that the technique could be applied to different industries though it was more applicable to technological oriented industries. Similarly, it was noted that the stages of applying the technique depend on the nature and type of product or service, the stage of start-up development and the type of start-up team. Application processes of the technique were summarised and a new process was developed. One of the authors applied the new process and it was proved that the technique could be used to commercialise business ideas.

Anksiyete; kaygı veya başka bir deyişle endişe insanların deneyimlediği bir korku ve gerilim halidir. Bazı görüşlere göre yaşanan iç çatışmaların sonucudur. Bazılarına göre ise öğrenilmiş davranışlardır. Denetim dışına çıkıp kişinin işlevselliğini aksattığında rahatsızlık olarak adlandırılır.

Eskiden insanların ortalama ömürleri otuz beş yılken ve kendi küçücük dünyalarında yaşarken çoğu kez endişeli olmaya fırsatları olmazdı ve anksiyeteden söz edilmezdi. Oysa, globalleşmenin dünyayı adeta kocaman bir ülkeye dönüştürmesi , mobil teknolojilerin ve sosyal medyanın günbegün hayatımıza sirayeti, bilgisayarların gitgide insan gücünün yerini alması, rekabetin hızla artması, stresli yaşam koşulları ve tarihte hiç olmadığı kadar çok sayıda seçenek arasından karar verme mecburiyeti günümüzde anksiyeteyi en yaygın zihinsel rahatsızlık konumuna getirmiştir. Günümüzde sadece ABD'de yılda 40 milyon kişi anksiyete rahatsızlığından muzdarip olmakta, her dört kişiden biri ise hayatının bir noktasında onunla mücadele etmektedir.

Aksiyete Çağı'm adlı kitapta The Atlantic adlı derginin editörü olan yazar Scott Stossel, kendi yaşadığı ve hayatını etkileyen anksiyete sorununu keşfetmek üzere çıktığı cesur yolculuğu okurlarla paylaşmaktadır. Bu yolculukta Stossell, insanlara büyük ısdırap veren , ancak çoğu kez zayıflık olarak görülen bu illeti; arka planda yıllardan beri incelediği genetik ve sinirbilimi bulguları ve anksiyete tarihi olmak üzere kendisinin ve yakın aile bireylerinin şaşırtıcı hayat hikayesi eşliğinde esprili bir dille ve büyük bir içtenlikle anlatmaktadır.Kitapta ayrıca, anksiyete kıskacına sıkışmış dünyaca ünlü kişilere ve onların hikayelerine de yer verilmektedir.

This study aims to articulate the students' perception about cyber bullying, particularly on social media. Even though ICT technology provides a large number of benefits, particularly those who are young, as Campbell (2005) has pointed out that it has also a "dark side" (p. 68). Particularly after the intensive and extensive use of the social media, the impact of the cyberbullying has dramatically increased, but it is rarely discussed and prevented. Hence, in this study, the forty-five participants were selected from two different universities and by using phenomenological analysis (Moustakas, 1994), eight research questions were answered in the semi-structured interviews, which were approximately 45 minutes in length. By gathering theoriginal data were gathered from 'naive' descriptions the experiences related to cyber bullying were taken into account based on reflection and interpretation of the participant's different stories. The collected data were analyzed in Atlas.ti 6 in order to make depth study. Additionally, there were limitations in terms of selecting the participants since a few students wanted to share their personal experiences. As a result, the data showed that the students had inevitably affected by the cyber bullying in the social media in many ways. Among ali these students, the female students had been influenced to a greater degree comparing to male students. Most (96%) of the participants agreed that social relations had changed a lot and they had to have connections with their friends through the social media. The students— particularly females—viewed cyber bullying as a problem, but no one rarely discussed at the university. More importantly a large number (89%) felt loneliness and they did not know how to behave properly. Most (91%) students did not see any helpful resources when dealing with cyber bullying. Students (82%) were currently experiencing the majority of cyber bullying instances outside of the school day, but they had direct relationship with the events at the university. Students (84%) were not able to suggest some basic strategies in order to deal with cyber bullying. They (79%) agreed that they did not know how to respond to cyberbullying. Additionally, a large number of the (94%) participants agreed that the effects would be different on the elite environments comparing to the socially disadvantaged environments. They (96%) pointed out that the future of social media had been changing in terms of education and learning so that they did not have any chance to ignore the social media. Most (85%) of the participants clarified that the university social environment, centres and counselling offices would develop a better network and understanding in order to decrease cyber bullying. Most (88%) participants articulated that cyber bullying on the socail media would develop particuiar problems and would change the culture of social life. Most (81%) claim that social media are important not only for their social life but also for their Professional life so that they did not want to see their private photographs on the walls of their friends. These (61%) participants strongly pointed out that
privacy was remarkably important for the individuals but it was not controlled. Furthermore, most (92%) participants mentioned that the autonomy in the social media would make the individulas aggressive due to the fact that there was not any law and regulations to.

Cómo crear empresas de éxito utilizando la innovación continua POR ERIC RIES · EDITORIAL DESUTO © 2012 · 320 PÁGINAS "Como sociedad, tenemos un conjunto de técnicas probadas para gestionar grandes empresas y conocemos las mejores prácticas para construir productos físicos. Pero cuando se trata de startups y de innovación todavía disparamos a ciegas. Podemos confiar en la visión, perseguir al «gran hombre» que puede hacer que la magia ocurra o analizar nuestros nuevos productos durante toda la eternidad. Son problemas nuevos, surgidos como consecuencia del éxito del management durante el siglo XX. Este libro intenta asentar la actividad emprendedora y la innovación sobre una base rigurosa. Estamos ante la creación del management del segundo siglo. Nuestro reto es hacer algo grande con la oportunidad que nos han dado. El movimiento del método Lean Startup pretende garantizar que quienes queramos crear el siguiente gran producto tengamos las herramientas necesarias para cambiar el mundo."

Mitler, bazı gizemli olayların neden gerçekleştiğini açıklamak veya nasıl davranmamız ve düşünmemiz gerektiğini doğrulamak amacıyla ortaya çıkan ve nesilden nesile aktarılan hikâyelerdir. Kültürler, etraflarındaki dünyayı açıklamak için mevcut bilgilerden faydalanamadıklarında mitler üretirler. Pek çok insanın yaratıcı olmakla ilgili yanlış inançları vardır. Bu yanlış inanç nedeniyle de yaratıcılıklarını tam olarak kullanamazlar. Yaratıcı bireylerin ve firmaların başarıları üzerindeki en son araştırmalardan biri bu kitabın yazarı David Burks'e aittir.
Elinizdeki bu kitap, yaratıcılık ile ilgili sahip olabileceğimiz yanlış fikirler ve gerçekler ile bizleri yüzleştirip, en iyi fikir ve projeleri, araştırma ve programları bulmak için bizlere pratik bir yöntem sunmaktadır. Özellikle, birçok kişinin ya da organizasyonun yaygın olarak kullandığı 10 yanlış yaratıcılık efsanesinin üzerinde durarak yeni bir sistem önermektedir. Kitapta, tamamıyla yenilikçi stratejileri tasarlayabilmek için yaratıcılık hakkındaki yanlış efsaneleri dolayısıyla da ön yargıları nasıl ortadan kaldırabileceğimiz konusunda cesur fikirler sunulmaktadır. Ayrıca kitap, yaratıcılığın ilham alınarak, bazen tesadüfi gerçekleştiğine ve biraz da şansa bağlı kalındığına dair fikirlerimizi değiştirecek bir kitaptır. Bunun için, özellikle pek çok gence yön veren kişilerin okuması gereken bir kitap konumundadır; gerek büyük gerekse küçük şirketlerde fark oluşturmak isteyen bireyler ve yöneticiler için el kitabı niteliğindedir.
Günümüzde rekabetçi küresel pazarlarda ve ortamlarda kaliteli, hızlı, ihtiyaçlara yönelik yenilikçi ürünler, hizmetler veya süreçler sunmak kaçınılmazdır. Bir diğer anlamda, yenilikçiliğe odaklı yüksek değer oluşturan işler için bizlerden yaratıcı olmamız, yeni ve kullanışlı fikirler geliştirmemiz beklenmektedir. Yenilikçi fikirlerin ortaya çıkması şansa bırakılamaz.
Yaratıcılık ile ilgili ilk dar boğaz, toplumların oluşturduğu mitler ile karşı karşıya kalınmasıdır. Mitlerin ortadan kaldırılacağı yenilikçi fikirler üretmek için kullanılabilecek, bilimsel açıdan kanıtlanmış bir yaratıcılık modeline ihtiyaç vardır. Müthiş fikirler üretmek için bir dış güç inancına bel bağlamak zorunda değiliz. İhtiyacımız olan her şeye zaten kendi içimizde sahibiz. Akıcı bir üslupla ve örneklerle anlatılan bu kitapta, yaratıcılığın efsaneleri, yenilikçiliğe götüren süreçlerin üzerindeki sır perdelerini aralamaktadır.
David Burks, Yaratıcılık Mitleri adlı bu kitabında yenilikçiliği tetikleyen inanışların, engellerin ve güçlerin gizemini çözmeye yardımcı oluyor. Kitap boyunca, her bölümde bilimsel açıdan konuyu destekleyecek farklı örnekler bulabilirsiniz. Yenilik çalışmalarını geliştirmek isteyen herkes için Yaratıcılık Mitleri yeni fikirler bulmak açısından mutlaka okunması gereken önemli bir kitap.

In Turkey, most university administrators and academic staff members are not yet fully aware of intellectual property rights (IPRs). Researchers often have difficulty in licensing opportunities that can provide additional revenue streams due to the lack of either strategic policies set by the administration or a dedicated technology transfer (or licensing) office (TTO). This paper attempts to shed some light
on the relationship between intellectual property rights and licensing awareness in Turkish universities as well as how this is affected by the lack of TTOs. Semi-structured exploratory interviews were conducted with 45 researchers in two different faculties (Medicine and Engineering). Results show that most of the participants, including a higher-than-expected percentage from the Faculty of Engineering,
were not aware of the importance of the technology that they had developed in terms of licensing and royalties that they could earn. In conclusion, it can be said that universities in Turkey have to undergo a policy change regarding managerial issues, especially with regards to Technology Transfer Offices. Increasing the visibility of technology transfer options and agreements, as well as further research on this topic, is recommended.

The aim of this book is to understand the effects of neo-liberal economies and globalization on education policies where they create inequalities and conflicts. However, the main goal of education is defined as a radical democratization in the schools through the transformation of knowledge. Curriculum plays important role in the transformation of knowledge and it is crucial to build a radical transformation of the societies. From this perspective, three alternative curricula, namely, Peace Education and Conflict Resolution Education, and Peace Education and Conflict Resolution Education combined are implemented and evaluated to investigate the effects on pre-service tecahers' Emotional Intelligence, Self-concept, and Conflict Resolution Skills. The findings indicated that the Peace Education, Conflict Resolution Education, and the Peace Education and the Conflict Resolution Education combined curricula has significant effects on Emotional Intelligence, Self Concept and Conflict Resolution Skills. Among these three curricula, the Peace Education and Conflict Resolution Education combined has the highest effects on Emotional Intelligence, Self Concept and Conflict Resolution Skills.

To start any business one need resources (financial resources, energy resources, human resources), Infrastructure, Transportation, Buyers and above all secure and safe place. Here are 5 reasons why Dubai still is a best place for Starting a business.

The article revises the effects of technology transfer offices (TTOs) on capacity building within the university, from the perspective of
creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship. The objective of the article is to understand clearly and deeply how TTOs build capacity in
creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship for all the stakeholders, researchers, faculty members, SMEs, incubators, undergraduate and
graduate students, and attorneys. Particular focus is given for analysing TTOs activities in order to comprehend the strategy of TTOs in delivering and building capacity for innovative products and services. The author concludes that the universities and TTOs should have a common strategic plan and policy to empower and to increase efficiently and effectively the impacts TTOs activities have on the
development of the technology-based innovative products and services.
Keywords: Technology Transfer Offices, creativity, innovation, entrepreneurship

This article revises the effects of the metacognition development on project-based learning by giving different cases for the graduate level students (n=86) at the innovation and entrepreneurship courses. The objective of the article is to understand clearly and deeply how metacognitive learning methodologies affect the learning process and outcome. As a result, cases in which everyday challenges, such as social, economic, cultural, and environmental are solved develop better environments for the development of metacognition due to the fact that the highest ‘meta-level’ of cognition is implicated. In the project-based learning, by solving different problems it is possible to develop creative ideas while improving highly developed skills.
© 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the ERPA Congress 2014.
Keywords: metacognition; development; project based learning; metacognitive skills; learning process

The study reported in this paper compared the effects of two approaches of blended learning on students’ learning outcomes in courses on intellectual property rights and patents. One group of students followed three weeks of online graduate courses and underwent peer assessment. In a second group of students, the online work and peer assessment were combined with active face-to-face experience-based learning. Pre and post-tests were used to measure the students’ knowledge about intellectual property rights and patents. In addition, a questionnaire was used to gather data on the students’ opinions regarding course arrangement and implementation, digital learning, the learning environment, and their knowledge, understanding, and implementation of intellectual property rights and patents. The data were quantitatively analyzed to determine whether the two blended learning approaches differed in terms of the effects measured. The findings show that the students approved of the online courses and also the face-to-face learning. These findings may reflect approval of the decrease in costs and time. The implication is that active face-to-face experience-based learning should supplement online courses with peer assessment, as this combination led to more successful learning outcomes among students taking courses on intellectual property rights and patents.

Research Summary: We investigate the short and long-term effects of public sponsorship in the form of grants on venture growth and subsequent investment funding. We adopt a temporal approach and assess our results using discontinuous growth modeling. This approach allows us to unpack the complexity of sponsorship interventions and provide insights into how quickly, how long, and under what conditions grants augment growth. Using a proprietary sample of 129 ventures located in eight incubators, we find that securing an initial grant increases the rate at which ventures acquire private investment capital but not revenue over time. We draw on resourcefulness theory and signaling theory and explore the moderating role of venture size. We discuss our contributions to the entrepreneurship and public policy literatures.                | 
Managerial Summary: Are public grants effective at sparking entrepreneurial growth? To deepen our understanding of public policies that are designed to promote innovative entrepreneurship, we investigate the short and long-term effects of new venture grant sponsorship. We study 129 ventures located in eight business incubators over a four-year period. Our results indicate that although there are initial advantages to receiving a grant, there are also potential shortcomings as grant receipt appears to not result in longer-term revenue growth. We theorize that having abundant access to grant capital reduces the ventures need to “stretch” resources and grow revenue over time. Yet, initial grants seem to signal to investors that the venture represent a “good bet” as investment trajectories follow the opposite growth pattern, increasing steadily over time.

Problem Statement: Today’s ever-changing educational environment has created a need for new leadership styles
that encourage positive change and improvement. In Turkish universities, the most commonly used leadership models are the classic and/or traditional ones, which lead to stagnation in innovation and entrepreneurship. Only a limited number of universities are actively engaged in innovative research activities and achieve success in terms of entrepreneurship and cooperative work with industry. Abroad effort is needed to improve cooperation and encourage leadership development.
Purpose of Study: This paper attempts to show and critically analyze the role of leadership models of university management in creating a learning environment for innovation and entrepreneurship.
Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 42 different faculty members and 12 graduate students over a period of three months at three different universities in
Istanbul. Interviews were centered on 6 core research questions. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyze the interview outcomes. The data were analyzed using the Atlas.ti 7 software kit.
Findings and Results: A large percent age of the participants,
78%, mentioned that participatory democracy is an important new leadership model that can empower innovation and entrepreneurship. Most respondents, 80%, also identified the important role of intensive collaboration with industry managers. In the transformation of the university, a significant percentage of the participants, 69%, agreed that
experts should be frequently consulted and their views taken into consideration. Slightly more than half of the participants, 54%, said that their university could do more to encourage innovation and innovative ideas from students and faculty members; out of the respondents who expressed this idea, the majority, 86 %, said that new leadership and
management styles would be critical in promoting this change.
Conclusions and Recommendations: As the current study shows, universities that apply new leadership styles create an
environment more conducive to fostering entrepreneurship and innovation. Consistent with previous research, the leadership model of university management plays a vital role
in universities’ readiness to accept innovative and entrepreneurial changes. Universities should adopt new leadership styles instead of using conservative and traditional leadership models that discourage innovation
and entrepreneurship. Generally speaking, democratic leadership models are more effective at fostering open innovation. In the new management framework, leaders can create new environments and spaces, such as technology transfer offices, to collaborate with industry.

In this article we analyze the main features of teams and virtual organizations. Describes the levels of development of virtual organizations. It addresses the need virtualization of current physical organizations. Its main purpose is to show the main features of the current teams and virtual organizations, as well as the challenges that implies developing integrated communication in this type of organizations. The methodology used was a literature review of texts and case study through physical and digital documents of the companies analyzed, as well as participant observation the author for consulting visits to companies in which it operates. It shows the differences of the physical and virtual teams, and the main characteristics of the virtual leader. The results show that contemporary organizations need to change their view of themselves and their audiences, as well as its action and communication with them, in order to survive and grow in a society that works on networks that values relationships as their most prized.

This study has analyzed and compared emotionai intelligence training on high school students' conflict resolution, empathy, and leadership skills. Emotionai intelligence (EQ) is one element in a broad spectrum of skills that enable high school students to create value for their community and themselves. Since Salovey and Mayer's (1990) seminal article on the concept, and its popularization in a social science book of the same name (Gibbs 1995; Goleman 1995), emotionai intelligence has emerged in several different models and measures. Matthews et al. (2002) outlined three contexts for the study of emotionai intelligence: psychometric, theoretical, and applied. The focus of this study is on measurement and applied use of emotionai intelligence by giving a special training as after school activities. This study was conducted at two different high schools in Turkey in which 959 students were involved. The first study site was in Samsun where 282 students had participated in the experimental and control groups. On the other hand, in the second site, İstanbul, 677 students had participated. Data were collected using two instruments; Conflict Resolution Skills (Akbalık, 2004) and Bar-on Emotionai İntelligence Assessment (Bar-On, 2004). The assessments were given to the participants in the experimental and control groups before and after the emotionai intelligence oriented training called "Geniş Açı." Test scores were conducted in SPSS by taking score means, standard deviations, and intercorrelations, using demographic variables received from the personal information sheets. The study revealed that there is considerable room for improvement in the emotionai skills of the students in high schools. Additionally, this study showed that emotionai intelligence influenced significantly the conflicts resolution, empathy and leadership skills comparing to control groups. The large number (%81) of the participants' conflict resolution skills had changed after the emotionai intelligence oriented training. More importantly, their empathy skills had improved 78%. Furthermore, in their leadership skills, the participants' skills were upgraded 73%.

Recent advances in entrepreneurial practice associated with the Lean Startup has brought a sea-change in conventional wisdom to the practice of entrepreneurship – rather than commit and persevere, the advice is now to pivot your way to success. Yet this normative prescription is not as yet accompanied by a well developed theoretical logic. We seek to develop such a logic that informs our understanding of the factors that determine whether, when, and how often a new venture should pivot. The logic we propose, and examine via a computational model, is built on the relation between two key elements of an entrepreneur’s pivot strategy: the number of experiments she will undertake and her pivot threshold for evaluating the results. In our model, ventures that experiment and pivot outperform those that do not. At the same time, we identify an experimentation-pivot trade-off that dictates pairing extensive experimentation with conservative pivot thresholds to avoid pivoting too often and too early. The intensity of this trade-off depends critically on entrepreneurs’ bias. We find that pivoting may serve as a remedy for bias, and overconfident entrepreneurs perform better when following a more aggressive pivoting strategy than their unbiased counterparts.

Even though for some women in Turkey can rarely find the opportunities to study at the university, most of whom have canalized to the majors which are not related to the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics majors. However, there are important studies, which clearly show that even though the women have the ability in STEM areas, they do not like to choose these fields. In their choices, there are different reasons which strong have effected in their career path.

In order to understand the Turkish women’s hidden reasons of not choosing the STEM areas, a well rounded research had conducted in Istanbul, the most developed city in Turkey, in which two different universities STEM departments had chosen together with non STEP departments in order to compare the reasons.Firstly,by using Strategic Talent Management and Career Decision (STMCD) Assessment (Sart, 2013),the competences, potential, strengths, and weaknesses of the young people (490) between 18 and 24 had checked and analysed The results showed that there were not any significant differences between the male and female students in the competences, potential,strengths,and weaknesses.Most (96%) had mentioned that they had chosen their career path with the effects of their social environments.

In order to analyze the main reasons of the career choices, deep interviews were done with the young people who were coming from the STEM departments, so were not the STEM departments. The study sample consisted of 80 undergraduate students: Among them, 54% are female. In the study, a phenomenological analysis was conducted and 16 research questions were taken into consideration during the semi-structured interviews. Then the data were overviewed critically by using Atlas.ti 7 to elaborate deeply the main reasons of the career choices in STEM and non-STEM areas.

The results of the depth analysis showed that most of the participants (88%)accepted that they were significantly affected by their social environment, particularly those who were not chosen the majors in STEM areas.Those (43%) who were studying in STEM majors, however, pointed out that before choosing the STEM areas,they felt alone and scared. More importantly, some (25%) of the participants had mentioned also their professors’ negative attitudes and behaviors towards the female students in STEM areas. Those, who were successful, on the other hand,had also mentioned the negative attitudes of their male classmates in the departments where almost 20% of the female students had left the departments.The results of the participants who were not coming from STEM areas were analyzed and showed that STEM areas were launched them negatively by their families, their teacher at the high schools, and their counselors. The first argument mentioned was that STEM areas were for male students since the women were not capable to work hard in these departments. Most (89%) of them strongly clarified that they became aware after they came to the university where they did not see any difficulty in studying STEM areas. The participants had mentioned that those graduates from STEM department had much better chances than those who were not coming from STEM areas to find better jobs and to have career path. According to the most (93%) of the participants, the awareness about the importance of the STEM departments were significantly low in Turkey so that a new strategy was needed to promote the STEM areas in order to increase innovation.
keywords: science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (stem), gender differences in stem areas, gender based careers differences in stem areas, career counselling.

Restructuring of higher education and its management is one of the liveliest debated topics in Turkey. In this paper, this issue is approached by focusing on university-industry relations. Technological advancement and globalization have substantial effects on the structure of the university and the industry. This paper not only
aims to make suggestions that could be useful in the on-going debate about restructuring of higher education management in Turkey, but also to analyse critically and deeply what the roles of the higher education managements have on clustering, how they affect the success of the clustering, particularly what kinds of roles they have that they can affect significantly their stakeholders, universities in the region, international and national companies, small medium enterprises (SMEs), researchers, academics, start-ups, spinoffs, suppliers, and non governmental institutions, particularly in the field of health in which the translational research is the main area of activities. The author concludes that the mentality and the strategic approach of the higher education managements play an important and crucial role in developing sustainable partnerships like clustering, which requires long-term, intensive collaboration.
Keywords: university; industry; alliances; collaboration; higher education management; stakeholders; clustering

This study aims to articulate the importance of how university and technology parks administrations have affected the development of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in the changing environment of Turkish universities. The forty-five participants were selected from different startups at the university technology parks. Using a phenomenological analysis, seven research questions were answered in semi-structured interviews. The collected data were analyzed in Atlas.ti in order to make a more in-depth study. As a result, the data shows that the university and technology parks administrations have inevitably affected the IPR system in many ways. The transformation process of universities becoming more "entrepreneurial" has affected academicians and students to a greater degree. The academic profession, which is an umbrella term for working conditions for academics, has changed a lot. Most (85%) of the participants clarify that the university administration would develop a better network in order to increase the patent activities. Most (81%) claim that competitiveness is important not only for the universities bot also for the academic people so that the university administration would change their performance criteria to prepare properly for the competitive global market.. As a result, as most (91%) participants clarify that the university's administration plays an important and crucial role in controlling and managing these conflicts and inequalities to protect all the stakeholders, particularly those who do not have a strong background, like the PhD students.

Problem Statement: The number of the students, who are taking massive open online courses(MOOCs), has markedly increased at the universities where the revenues are strategically financing the budget of the universities.
Research Questions: What the effects of the MOOCs were on funding the universities was studied in this study,while they were diminishing the quality of teaching and learning because the interaction decreased.
Purpose of the Study: This study examined strategically the effects of the MOOCs on funding and financing the universities. In order to understand critically the students’ spending on online courses, the quality of teaching and learning was questioned in this digital age. The interactions between teachers and students had also interactively overviewed.
Research Methods: In this study, the quantitative study had preferred taking into consideration the perceptions and the experiences of the students (654),the lecturers (34),the experts(22) of the MOOCs. Two different surveys related to the outcomes of the MOOCs and the effects of MOOCs on financing the two universities were used. The data were analyzed and clustered according to the participants’ profiles.
Findings: The study shows the students’ participations on MOOCs had increased while increasing the revenues from these MOOCs.The funding from the MOOCs was a new subject and the universities did not critically know how to invest for long-term sustainable goals.As the participants had mentioned most of the technical investments were not planned strategically to meet the needs.
Conclusions: In conclusion,the students were not happy about the content of these MOOCs,but they attended just having the certificates.As lecturers mentioned that the interaction between the students and teachers were very limited:however,they participated in the MOOCs in order to earn just money.The MOOCs quality is limited for all stakeholders who take all these MOOCs from the commercial perspective.

Problem Statement: The universities need good funding and financing in order to have sustainable development and growth for their internal as well as external systems. Hence, they need well-rounded ecosystems.
Research Questions: In this study,which activities of the universities have more return and impact is critically studied since most of the universities have changed and transformed from teaching to research universities.
Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this study is to understand how universities can have the sustainable growth, success, and quality assurance in these global competitive economies by improving the return and the impacts of the research, development, and innovation while decreasing their costs and expenses in their budgets and investments.
Research Methods: The perceptions and the experiences of the managers (38), who were responsible about research, development, and innovation at two state and two private universities, were analyzed in the phenomenological analysis where twenty research questions were answered through the semi-structured interactive interviews. The collected data of this study, which were analyzed in data analysis software-program NVivo 10.
Findings: The results showed clearly that a few number of the participants (18%), who were active in research, development, and innovation had significantly much better results in the return of these activities. However, those (82%), who could not be so successful in research, development, and innovation, had troubles in making long-term strategic investments since they did not see financial security. Conclusions: As a result, the universities,which have made the research, development, and innovation have more benefits, returns, and impacts comparing those who are doing less or teaching rather than research.The universities, which have significantly more innovation opportunities, like technology parks, and technology transfer and licensing offices,can make right investments and improvements that have synergic effects on returns and impacts.

In the digital society, rapid socio-cultural, economic and technological changes have forced higher education in terms of improving innovation and technology-based projects in order to empower new generations, to attract more funding and venture capital, to develop new products and services, to increase the number of startups and spinoffs, and to raise licensing and royalties. On the other hand, organizational culture, which is interpreted as “shared philosophies, ideologies, values, assumptions, beliefs, expectations, attitudes and norms in organizations” (Lund, 2003. p. 3), can be developed in the organization by the people who cope with different problems and issues of external adaptation and internal integration (Schein, 1999). As Zhu and Engels (2014) describe,

Organization culture has three levels which can be shaped over a period of time. The first level is arte facts that comprise the physical components of the organization that relay cultural meaning. The second level deals with the professed culture of an organization’s members – the values. And the third level refers to the organization’s tacit assumptions. Organizational culture is nurtured and shaped gradually reflected in terms of collaboration, trust and learning, and it can shape the behaviors of people in that organization (p. 137).

This study attempts to analyze critically how the role of the organizational culture on the development of innovation and technology-based projects at the higher education from the perspective of the researchers’ perception. The participants (34) of the research were selected from two different universities by doing stratified sampling among the researchers. Hence, in the phenomenological analysis, eleven research questions were answered by the participants, who were coming from engineering departments, medical school, and social sciences, in the semi-structured interviews.

The collected data, which were analyzed in Atlas.ti 7, show that most of the academic people (89%), who were coming from well-developed organization in terms of physical components, had better results in developing innovation and technology comparing to the academic people who were coming from not well-developed cultural organization. Furthermore, the second level, which is related to the values of the organization, is strategically important in order to increase the depthless of the innovation and technology-based projects development. As most of the researchers (91%) agree that the values, particularly trustworthiness, ethics, transparency, and accountability, improve their commitment and make change attitudes towards their efforts and achievements. However, in the case of the low cultural values, the large number of the participants (98%) mention that the lack of values, particularly main values, like ethics, transparency, and accountability, demotivate them and decrease their efficiencies and effectiveness. Additionally, in the third level, which is organization’s tacit knowledge and capacity building in technology transfer, a large number of the participants (85%), who are coming from the well-developed organizational culture, point out that if the first two levels are not achieved, it is difficult to transfer the knowledge, especially tacit knowledge. In the second institution, however, the participants (89%) agree that the transfer of the tacit knowledge is very limited.
keywords: higher education, organizational culture, innovation and technology-based projects perceptions of the researchers.

The purpose of the study is to determine highly intellectual students’ perception and view, including their emotional intelligence after attending a civic project about environmental consciousness named Living in Green. The influence of the community involvement project was studied as a six-month-long project on the students who were coming from different high schools in Istanbul. This program was organized as a non-profit project in order to explore the idea of sustainability. Two instruments, Piers-Haris Self Concept and BarOn (2001) Emotional Intelligence Inventory, were used in order to analyze the effects of the curriculum named “Living in Green” at the beginning of the project as a pretest and after the project as a post test as well. The curriculum was developed particularly under the eight different subjects after the pilot study in which the effects of the subjects were analyzed. While the empirical research was undertaken, an exploratory case study design was applied to gain insights into the connection between participation, learning, and sustainable management. Transcriptions of the interviews were analyzed and compared to the numerical results. Common themes and differences were discovered when comparing the empirical results and interview transcriptions of the two groups. At the end of this study, the findings showed that the cooperative and active community involvement education was more effective on the students’ interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence as well as on their academic achievement than those who did not participated in the project. The students who participated in this project had improved their emotional intelligence which consisted of intrapersonal intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, adaptability, stress management, emotional attitude, leadership skills, and environmental awareness.

In highly changing environments of the 21st Century,it is difficult to choose right career path giving opportunities in the new landscape of work and identifying key work skills needed in the next 30 years.What will be the jobs of the future is not clear;however, there are important studies show that there are specific talents not changed throughout the human history,like academic, acting, and artistic. In order to use these talents,different skills are needed to use depending on the personality.Specific job categories and majors have specific requirements depending on the highly dynamic global markets.A new strategy is needed to understand the career decisions of the youth by improving strategic talent management and career decision scale taking into account future work skills, proficiencies,and abilities required across different jobs and work settings of the competitive global markets.

This Strategic Talent Management and Career Decision (STMCD) Assessment provides the practice and competence in their career development for the people between 18 and 35.The STMCD Assessment report give also the opportunities to make the participants to see their potential, strengths, and weaknesses in the 21st century wok sectors. In that way, it is possible to make counseling and coach in a time period.

In order to develop such this assessment, deep interviews were done with the experts, young people, and HR Departments of the well-known corporations. Then, literature review was systematically done to decide about the items for the assessment. For the content validity, twelve experts examined the scale. According to their recommendations, the final version of the scale was developed. In the STMCD assessment, the number of items was 180 assessed with a five-point scale. The study sample consisted of 1299 undergraduate students from three different universities and five senior high school students in Turkey. Among them, 54% are female. According to the results, item-total correlation test, comparisons for upper and lower 45 % groups, exploratory factor analysis and Alpha coefficient were used for psychometric examination. All items had factor loadings more than 0.60. Cronbach’s α for the entire scale was 0.96, with subscales ranging from 0.85 to 0.97. The internal consistency of each of the scales reinforces the results of factor analysis, demonstrating that overall the results are consistent.

As a result, when all of these results were taken into consideration, STMCD Assessment is found reliable and valid for measuring talents, skills, aptitudes for specific majors of the young people (between 16-35).In other words, the psychometric quality of the instrument proved satisfactory in order use the STMCD Assessment for these groups.

The results have implications for individuals, educational institutions, particularly high schools and universities, businesses, and even government.To be successful in the highly competitive global markets, specifically in innovation, leaders, counsellors,and people need to demonstrate foresight in navigating a rapidly shifting landscape of institutional forms and skill requirements. Therefore, they need, strategic following systems, using the Internet platforms in order to continually reassess the skills they need,and quickly put together the right resources to develop, and update these.
keywords: strategic talent management, career decision, talents, skills, aptitude, innovation.

Restructuring of higher education and its management is one of the liveliest debated topics in Turkey. In this paper, this issue is approached by focusing on university-industry relations. Technological advancement and globalization have substantial effects on the structure of the university and the industry. This paper not only
aims to make suggestions that could be useful in the on-going debate about restructuring of higher education management in Turkey, but also to analyse critically and deeply what the roles of the higher education managements have on clustering, how they affect the success of the clustering, particularly what kinds of roles
they have that they can affect significantly their stakeholders, universities in the region, international and national companies, small medium enterprises (SMEs), researchers, academics, start-ups, spinoffs, suppliers, and non governmental institutions, particularly in the field of health in which the translational research is the main area of activities. The author concludes that the mentality and the strategic approach of the higher education managements play an important and crucial role in developing sustainable partnerships like
clustering, which requires long-term, intensive collaboration.
Keywords: university; industry; alliances; collaboration; higher education management; stakeholders; clustering

Our five-year ethnographic study of Palestinian tech entrepreneurship provides a unique case that examines the interplay between technology, politics and power dynamics. In this paper, we trace the formation of the Palestinian tech entrepreneurial public and analyse how it has transformed from being a counterpublic to serving as a beacon for the development of the Palestin- ian economy while under Israeli occupation. Despite its apparent success, the foundation of the Palestinian entrepreneurial public is fragile, as it is stuck in a repeat and rewind cycle involving the eternal application of the lean startup approach and the associated business models, which encour- age the mimicking of Western design solutions. We develop the concept of a public of erosion to characterise how the Palestinian entrepreneurial public has been produced and shaped by the attri- tion stemming from the interlinked infrastructures created by donor agencies, powerful billionaires, the government and the Israeli occupation. A public of erosion is characterised by heavy dependen- cies on factors outside its immediate control, and is shaped by processes that constantly dismantle resources, leading to the wearing down of its foundation. The concept of a public of erosion is intended to provide researchers with a new language and a lens to apply when investigating digital technologies in the Global South. Finally, we demonstrate how the current structural conditions result in producing bounty hunters and real estate projects, rather than a strong digital ecosystem necessary for the development of sustainable digital technologies.

Problem Statement: As Woods (2015) has mentioned that the flip side of resiliency opens new dimension in innovation.In other words,how the problems are faced is increasing the success in innovation.
Research Questions: Hence, how the universities’ resiliency strategies are meeting the today’s innovation and technology based problems is critically questioned by making the comparative study in the US, Netherlands, and Turkey.
Purpose of the Study: This research has objectives in understanding the three different universities’ resiliency policies and strategies in order to increase innovation by solving short and long-term problems. While conducting these strategies, the budgets of the universities spent in solving the problems were analyzed in terms of outputs,successes,and achievements in their fields.
Research Methods: By using a phenomenological analysis,the data were collected through white paper documents related to the issue.The twelve different top issues related to the resiliency policies in increasing innovation were analysed different universities in the US, in Netherlands, and in Turkey.While taking into account the resiliency strategies,the budgets allocation policies of the universities were examined in NVivo 10.
Findings: This study clarifies how the resiliency strategies helped the universities to increase heterogeneous innovation activities in three different countries.The findings show failures in science and technology open new dimension in refreshing the ideas:therefore,some universities in the US and Netherlands changed their curricula and projects where they gave more importance to the failures,deficiencies,and distraction to improve agility and innovation.
Conclusions: Though these failures had caused expenses in the budgets,they turned to the research as strategic benefits,which flipped the system by changing higher education and financial situation from the ground up.Although the American and Dutch universities were conducting these strategies as university policies,in Turkish universities this system had been intensively experienced,but it did not take into account as policies.

Problem Statement: Since most of the young people do not know what
majors are right according to their talents and skills, they are not happy in their academic and business career
Research Questions: How the Strategic Talent Management Assessment and Counseling (STMC) can be helpful to decide about the majors of the students according to their talents and skills was researched
Purpose of Study: This study examines the effects of the STMC on the young
people's career decision in the highly competitive markets by taking into account their talents, skills, their majors that they are studying, and the needs of the market for short-term and long-term satisfaction and
happiness.
Research Methods: This was a phenomenological study focuses on the
strategic talent management and counseling using the assessment
originally designed to analyze critically the talents and the skills of the
participants within the academic majors and global marketsThe
participants(n=24)were randomly selected from different departments of the universities.The data were collected through intensive interviews and analyzed by using Atlas.ti.
Findings: The results shovved that talents and skills were the force that
drove success and happiness and brought value to the majors where the students were concentrated. STMC had significant diagnostics(98%) and evaluation(96%) effects on talents and skills and decision (94%) effects on majors according to the demand of the competitive market. STMC provided short and long term planning.
Conclusions: STMC significantly motivated, mentored, encouraged, and empowered highly potential youth to make them understand, think,navigate,communicate, integrate, establish, engage, innovate, create, and lead value at all levels.Hence, it is important to make STMC affordable, accessible, visible, and sustainable to establish effective, successful, and happy generation to deal, lead, and change in the 21st Century challenges. Key Words: Strategic Talent Management and Counseling

The number of the courses and workshops in the best universities has increased since 2010, which have been officially supported by the private companies. Since then, the technology transfer offices have become more active to support creativity and innovation as their main innovation activity by giving initiatives of opening new creative thinking-oriented workshops. All these changes, regarding particularly on creative thinking-oriented workshops have changed the roles of the technology transfer offices in developing innovative products and services, particularly those technological ones. All these new trends have strategically changed in order to cope with the changes in the technology-based economies, which become benefits for the different parts, like benefits for the industry, benefits for the university, and benefits for the individuals.

As Anderson (2013) points out,‘design thinking has been described as the best way to be creative and innovate, while within the design realm, design thinking may be partly ignored and taken for granted, despite a long history of academic development and debate’ (p.1).Furthermore, creativity oriented trainings are the most important long-term strategies and missions of the organization, particularly those of technology transfer offices which develop strong partnerships between the university and the industry in producing technology based innovation.

This study aims to analyze how the role of the creative thinking-oriented workshops, like design thinking training have affected the development of the to develop an innovative technology based products and services in the changing environment of the technology transfer office in Turkey, like in Stanford University. The participants were selected from one of the university technology transfer office. By using phenomenological analysis, the workshops had been observed for six week and 12 different research questions were answered in the semi-structured interviews.The collected data were analyzed in Atlas.ti 7 n order to make depth study. Most (98%) agreed that the creative thinking-oriented trainings were strongly needed to promote and empower the creativity in the university environment. The participants had mentioned that the strategy and mission of the universities were not enough to meet the needs of today’s changes in the development of the technology based innovative products and services. Even though all the universities try to maximize innovation by improving their involvement in the technology based innovative products for the economic benefits, most of them are not so capable in technological improvements. Additionally, the large number of the participants (88%) agreed that the awareness particularly of the academics was not enough to increase creativity, so they needed short and intensive workshops and training courses, like in the other countries, especially in the US. More importantly, the technology transfer offices play important and crucial roles in empowering different strategies in the development of the innovative products and services. As most (83%) of the participants pointed out that creative thinking-oriented courses were not well developed in Turkey.More importantly,they had limited implications in the development of the innovative products. They strongly persuaded that awareness should have been increased in the training of the creativity at the universities where the technology transfer offices were the changing agents.
keywords: creative thinking-oriented trainings, workshops, design thinking, technology transfer offices, innovative technology based products and services.