Ssi

The reality of ubiquitous computing and exponential personal data generation challenges the notion of privacy, as Surveillance Capitalism and Nation State endeavour to record and analyse personal data with the objective of leveraging influence and control. It is argued that this centralised model threatens to stifle the digital economy, destabilise our
democracy, and fundamentally change our social norms. Real-time, non-statistical datasets offer huge potential for governance, commerce, and social cohesion. But the positive benefit of the emerging data driven society is threatened by the tensions formed through asymmetric power imbalances that manifest across a narrow band of walled gardened web services. In recent years work has been undertaken to counter the centralised model, despite these efforts there has been limited change in trajectory or sustained adoption of decentralised technologies. This research is designed to explore and evaluate the Decentralised Internet.
Investigating the challenge of designing usable, sustainable tools for the everyday participant. This research engages mixed methods to explore the trajectory of technologies and public attitudes. Domain experts are consulted to explore application and value proposition. Practice extends the decentralised trajectory to consider participant journeys, interaction, and the interface layer. This research concludes that the core technological infrastructure now exists to facilitate a genuine Decentralised Internet and that an identity layer facilitated through Blockchain technology is progressing the domain towards Self Sovereign Identity (SSI). This
research extends this trajectory through Conceptual Modelling to define a Sovereign Boundary Mechanism (SBM), an independent realm of interaction which enables the principles of decentralisation. Analysis suggests that this interaction is high in friction, requiring considerable internalised cognition and prior knowledge in order to engage.

This research concludes that the concept of network privacy is poorly defined and miss-understood, and that participants struggle to see its value across context and cultures. Investigation indicates that the Decentralised Internet cannot be marketed, and instead has to supersede the centralised model through defined innovations. This research argues that a cohesive strategy is required to achieve adoption, one which collectively identifies and develops offerings of value through design thinking while defining a consistent narrative to deliver targeted solutions within cultural contexts.
This research makes a theoretical contribution to knowledge by connecting the domains of Self Sovereign Identity (SSI) and Human Data Interaction (HDI). The research establishes the fundamental spheres of interaction for an analogue SSI system through what is defined as a Sovereign Boundary Mechanism (SBM). The research identifies issues and paradox’s relating to an SBM and identifies further required investigation and research. This research makes a practical contribution to knowledge by presenting a framework and resource for further innovation and development, the wider problem space for a Human-Centred Data Ecosystem is defined, and finally the research contributes to a wider adoption strategy through the identification of value proposition.

Este trabajo plantea evaluar los desafíos y oportunidades de la industria de software y servicios informáticos en los países de la Argentina, Brasil y México.

Se analizan para cada país los factores claves que determinan y condicionan el desarrollo de la industria a nivel local y global. Se profundiza sobre 1) las características estructurales del sector, 2) las facturaciones, las exportaciones y los niveles de ocupación, 3) los índices de estudiantes regulares y egresados anuales en carreras tecnológicas y 4) las políticas públicas en el sector. Así, se detectan las debilidades y oportunidades en la estrategia de cada país. Finalmente, mediante un análisis comparativo de los indicadores en términos relativos y absolutos que confrontan las principales características entre los sectores SSI, se concluye con la formulación de los desafíos y oportunidades que logren una adecuación al modelo estratégico de la industria en cada país.

In this paper, the design practices and failure mechanisms of two small scale irrigation (SSI) schemes (Awushoana and Kecha) in Ethiopia were evaluated. An attempt was made to understand the design problems with respect to hydrologic, hydraulic and structural design aspects. The main constraints that contributed to the malfunctioning of the irrigation system in the schemes associated with planning, institutional, social, operational and economic parameters were also assessed. The main problems observed in Kecha scheme were sedimentation at the headwork, damage of intakes and sluice gates, clogging of intakes, damages of distribution systems and ram body. Whereas accumulation of boulders, structural failures of diversion weir, damages of the intake gates, main canals, and absence of the under sluice were observed in Awushoana scheme. Some of the problems attributed to the institutional, social and operational problems due to lack of adequate community participation, the absence of Water Users Associations (WUA's), proper handing over and lack of training and maintenance, evaluation and monitoring issues. Finally, the rehabilitation measures are suggested for the failed SSI schemes. Therefore, this study will help for the SSI schemes to perform better and efficiently to increase agricultural productivity in the study region as well as other SSI schemes in Ethiopia.

Because of its physical and logical
vulnerabilities, CAMTEL infrastructure
may suffer failures, and because of the
interdependencies between activities
branches, simple failures can have
dramatic consequences on the entire
infrastructure.
In our work, we mainly focus on
information systems (Information and
Network System, Infrastructure System,
then Provisioning and Logistical System).
We then proposed an approach to
address security problems faced by
CAMTEL, particularly those related to
access control and collaboration. The goal
of this study is to provide each service
belonging to the whole system the
opportunity to collaborate with others
while maintaining control over its data and
its internal security policy.
We modeled on OrBAC, a security
policy, based on the access control.
KEYWORDS: Critical Infrastructure,
Information System, OrBAC, Resilience,
Security, Access Control,
Telecommunication.

The Small and Medium Scale Enterprises being very volatile in nature take high amount of risk. It is therefore imperative for them to address the uncertainty through reliable and loyal work force which can shoulder them in good and bad times. HR has the challenge of attracting talent on role dimension and then retaining that talent by providing a professionally driven organization culture. Due to low degree of bureaucracy and leaner work force structure, it is easier for HR to implement change management programs in SMEs. The HR faces the challenge to adhere to the agreed policy norms which succumb to exemption from the owners. HR also needs to understand that the owners do not want to feel themselves devoid of decision making power due to change in policies. HR professionals need to be conscious that professionalism without the loss of agility and responsiveness is the right transformation direction for SME's success. This paper analyses the various innovative HR strategies that can lead to change management and as such ensure a sustainable future for the SMEs.

The aim of this research was to investigate the argumentation skills of 10th grade Greek students and the type of informal reasoning they use about Biotechnology issues, as also whether there were differences between students that had different approaches to this subject. We worked with three groups of students: the first had been traditionally taught Biotechnology for 4 hours, the second was not taught Biotechnology at all and the third carried out a Project (a new subject introduced in the Greek curriculum during the school year 2011-2012) relating to Biotechnology for 4 months (3 hours weekly). For the evaluation of the arguments the Toulmin’s model was used, whereas for the characterization of informal reasoning we were based on the classification: rational, intuitive and emotive. Results revealed that the majority of students used intuitive arguments, without particularly strong arguments, based mainly on little evidence. There were no statistically significant differences among the three groups of study on informal reasoning even if the third group of students gave more rational arguments. The strongest arguments involved rational informal reasoning in contrast to the weaker ones which relied on intuitive and emotive.

L'Assemblea Generale delle Nazioni Unite ha dichiarato il 2012 anno internazionale delle cooperative. Questo riconoscimento, che segue la Raccomandazione nel 2002 dell'Ufficio Internazionale del Lavoro (ILO) relativa alla promozione delle cooperative e la comunicazione sulla promozione delle società cooperative in Europa della Commissione Europea nel 2004, conferma una progressiva ripresa d'interesse a livello internazionale per questa forma d'impresa. Ciò nonostante i dati statistici sulle reali dimensioni economiche, ...

Il tema della salute e dei rischi connessi alla presenza di processi produttivi dannosi per la popolazione che vive nelle vicinanze ha richiamato l'interesse dell'opinione pubblica in occasione della recente vicenda legata all'ILVA di Taranto. Un vivace dibattito si è sviluppato attorno al necessario equilibrio tra il mantenere in vita attività che garantiscono occupazione, specie nelle aree deboli del mercato del lavoro, e l'esigenza di evitare che i lavoratori ei loro familiari subiscano un incremento della prevalenza di patologie legate ...

This paper presents research exploring the balancing of interactive friction and value proposition in the context of Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) technology adoption. This work extends a related investigation of a full agency engagement with a User-Centred Data Ecosystem utilising what is described as a Sovereign Boundary Mechanism (SBM). An SBM is a standardised collection of SSI interactions, which can collectively be described as a metaphorical ring of sovereignty between the participant and the wider network. Within this model participants control identity, relationships, credentials, data streams, and access control. This related work concludes that the developing trend poses significant interactive friction, and that clear and substantive value proposition would be required to drive and sustain participant adoption. This paper explores potential value propositions for SSI, considering theory relating to Privacy, Surveillance Capitalism, and Human Data Interaction; in parallel opinions are drawn from the thematic analysis of interviews with experts in the decentralised field and results from a public survey. This research concludes that the value proposition is unlikely to come from the direct perceived protection of privacy. Also, that the decentralised technologies cannot be marketed solely on the fact that it is decentralised. Instead, value will emerge from the capability of SSI functionality to supersede the centralised model, offering innovation and reduced transactional friction across individual, business and wider society. This research suggests that the SSI community needs to develop a cohesive design strategy, a clear narrative and vocabulary. Value needs to be defined across cultural context, while targeting accessible, high value niche opportunities to build momentum toward sustainable adoption.

The mechanisms and evolving standards collectively known as self-sovereign identity (SSI) offer the prospect of a decentralized Internet by providing a central pillar for a human-centered data ecosystem (HCDE). Once established this technology promises to afford participants the same agency in the digital realm as individuals experience in the real world. Investigation suggests that the domain is now sufficiently mature to realize practically the principles of SSI, but in order to achieve sustainable adoption, significant design focused work needs to be undertaken at the interface layer. This paper presents recent practice-led research designed to project current SSI prototypes to scale through conceptual modeling, preliminary user interface, and critical analysis. This research introduces the term sovereign boundary mechanism (SBM), a standardized collection of SSI interactions, which can be described as a metaphorical ring of sovereignty between the participant and the wider network. Within this model, participants control identity, relationships, and data streams and access control. This research identifies the domains of interaction and the minimum required objects for a full-scale SSI engagement through an SBM. It defines the component parts and functionality of a wider HCDE which require further consideration, and it identifies emergent concepts for which a participant may lack mental model and understanding. The research considers human computer interaction (HCI) theory across internalized, external, and distributed cognition, arguing that the current trajectory of SSI requires significant internalized representations, prior knowledge, and participant responsibility. This research argues that these elements are problematic and pose a significant barrier to sustainable adoption. In conclusion, this research suggests that the decentralized community needs to recognize the obstacle potentially posed at the interface layer and engage in collective standardization, strategy, and design thinking to increase the probability of sustainable adoption.