Resolution

In this note we show that the asymmetric Prover-Delayer game developed in [BGL10] for Parameterized Resolution is also applicable to other tree-like proof systems. In particular, we use this asymmetric Prover-Delayer game to show a lower bound of the form 2 Ω(log) for the pigeonhole principle in tree-like Resolution. This gives a new and simpler proof of the same lower bound established by Iwama and Miyazaki [IM99] and Dantchev and Riis [DR01].

Transmission Electron Microscopy evolves rapidly as a primary tool to investigate nano structures on a truly atomic level. Its resolution reaches into the sub Ångstrom region by now. Together with a better correction of lens aberrations, sensitivities are drastically enhanced. Utilizing advanced electron microscopes, it is feasible to promote experiments that aim to detect single atoms. This enables local investigations of non-stoichiometry. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art.

The uncertain conductivity value of skull and brain tissue influences the accuracy of the electroencephalogram (EEG) inverse problem solution. Indeed, when the assumed conductivity in the numerical procedure is different from the actual conductivity then a source localization error is introduced. When using traditional least-squares minimization methods, the number of electrodes in the EEG cap does not influence the spatial resolution. A recently developed reduced conductivity dependence (RCD) methodology, based on the selection of electrodes, is able to increase the spatial resolution of the EEG inverse problem. This paper presents the implications of the RCD method when using a large number of electrodes in the EEG cap on the spatial resolution of the EEG inverse solutions. We show by means of numerical experiments that in contrast to traditional methods, the RCD method enables to increase the spatial resolution. The computations show that the EEG hardware should be modified with as large as possible electrodes.

Since the enactment of the Divorce Act in 1996, members of the Irish judiciary have been faced with a number of difficulties regarding the interpretation and application of its provisions. This article considers the approach of both the legislature and the judiciary to the issues of clean break, pre-existing separation agreements and prenuptial agreements, and in so doing reveals their failure to recognize sufficiently the importance of existing agreements and highlights the dangers that are an inevitable consequence of the widely framed powers of the judiciary.

Resolvins (Rvs) are oxygenated products derived from x-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid that carry potent protective bioactions present in resolving inflammatory exudates. Resolvin E1 (RvE1) is biosynthesized in vivo from EPA via transcellular biosynthetic routes during cell-cell interactions, and thus RvE1 is formed in vivo during multicellular responses such as inflammation and microbial infections. RvE1 protects tissues from leukocyte-mediated injury and counterregulates proinflammatory gene expression. These newly identified Rvs may underlie the beneficial actions of x-3 PUFAs especially in chronic disorders where unresolved inflammation is a key mechanism of pathogenesis. Here, we present an overview of the biosynthesis of RvE1, with a focus on the aspirin-triggered and microbial P450-initiated pathways. The generation of RvE1 and its actions appear to dampen acute leukocyte responses and facilitate the resolution of inflammation.

An investigation of the critical factors effecting the resolution of SR695 from efavirenz in the assay of efavirenz by reversed-phase HPLC was performed. This study was implemented to address the inability of a subset of the Zorbax SB-CN columns used in this method to adequately perform this separation, which were otherwise indistinguishable from columns of this type that could. In this study, column temperature, detector time-constant, pre-gradient isocratic hold-time, pre-column mixing volume, column, and HPLC type were considered. Experimental Design methods were employed to find the relative importance of these factors and to find parameters that would optimize the resolution of SR695 and efavirenz on any HPLC, with any column of this type, for both efavirenz oral liquid and capsule samples. It was also desired that this method change be minimal, so that extensive revalidation would not be required. The most important factors were the column temperature, with lower temperatures giving better resolution, and pre-column mixing volume of sample with mobile phase, with higher mixing volumes giving better resolution up to an asymptote reached at around 150 ml. Added pre-gradient isocratic hold time was found to result in a small improvement in resolution, but was insignificant compared with the other factors mentioned above. A possible explanation is given for the mechanism by which temperature and pre-column mixing have this effect on the resolution obtained in this assay.

A new image compression algorithm is proposed, based on independent Embedded Block Coding with Optimized Truncation of the embedded bit-streams (EBCOT). The algorithm exhibits state-of-the-art compression performance while producing a bit-stream with a rich set of features, including resolution and SNR scalability together with a "random access" property. The algorithm has modest complexity and is suitable for applications involving remote browsing of large compressed images. The algorithm lends itself to explicit optimization with respect to MSE as well as more realistic psychovisual metrics, capable of modeling the spatially varying visual masking phenomenon.

On November 8–9, 2019 in Tbilisi (Georgia) the I International Forum of Menopause Experts initiated by the Association of Gynecologists-Endocrinologists of Ukraine was held. Expert working group included leading specialists in the field of obstetrics and gynecology in Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Ukraine. Experts presented data of their countries on the status of menopause management, experience in solving problems of this period of life.

During medical counseling women should pay special attention to the timely start of therapy, explaining the benefits and risks of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), identifying age-dependent risks and ways to overcome them. MHT is the most effective and pathogenetically substantiated method for the correction of menopausal disorders today. The goal of MHT is to partially compensate for the deficiency of sex hormones using minimally optimal doses that can improve the general condition of women and ensure the prevention of late metabolic disorders and osteoporosis.

Individualization of MHT depends on the patient's age and menopausal status. For each stage of woman's reproductive aging according to the STRAW+10 a balanced decision is required on the choice of the regimen and dosage of the combined MHT with therapeutically effective low-dosage forms. It is recommended to start MHT mainly in perimenopause or in early postmenopause, but with menopause duration no more than 10 years. It is necessary to evaluate the thickness of the endometrium using transvaginal sonography before therapy.

In perimenopause it is preferable to start MHT in a combined cyclic regimen with a lower dose of estrogen. In postmenopausal women it is preferable to start with a lower dose of estrogen and use a continuous combined dosage regimen of estrogen and gestagen. It is proposed a continuous assessment of the fractures risks to effectively prevent the osteoporosis in women in the postmenopausal period.

An annual basic examination is necessary throughout the entire period of MHT use: measurement of weight, waist circumference and blood pressure level, gynecological examination, cytological examination of a cervical smear according to Papanicolaou, ultrasound of the pelvic organs with determination of the endometrium thickness and structure, mammography.

Laser scanning confocal microscopy has become an invaluable tool for a wide range of investigations in the biological and medical sciences for imaging thin optical sections in living and fixed specimens ranging in thickness up to 100 micrometers. Modern instruments are equipped with 3-5 laser systems controlled by high-speed acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTFs), which allow very precise regulation of wavelength and excitation intensity. Coupled with photomultipliers that have high quantum efficiency in the near-ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared spectral regions, these microscopes are capable of examining fluorescence emission ranging from 400 to 750 nanometers. Instruments equipped with spectral imaging detection systems further refine the technique by enabling the examination and resolution of fluorophores with overlapping spectra as well as providing the ability to compensate for autofluorescence. Recent advances in fluorophore design have led to improved synthetic and naturally occurring molecular probes, including fluorescent proteins and quantum dots, which exhibit a high level of photostability and target specificity.

The fundamentals of X-ray lithography are reviewed. Issues associated with resolution, wafer throughput, and process latitude are discussed. X-ray lithography is compared with other lithographic technologies; future advancements, such as X-ray projection lithography, are described. It is shown that the major barrier to the near-term success of X-ray lithography is the requirement for a defect-fvee one-to-one mask which satisfies the stringent image-placement needs of submicrometer patterning.

We use data from two magnetotelluric profiles, ToSca10 and ToSca'09, over the Scandinavian Mountains to study the crustal structure in southern Norway. The profiles cross the major tectonic structures of the Caledonian orogen as well as the western margin of the Precambrian Baltica. Dimensionality and strike analyses indicate generally 3-D behavior of the data. However, the majority of the used data distinguishes a preferable strike direction, which is supported by the geology of the region. Hence, we employ 2-D inversion and choose to invert the determinant of the impedance tensor to mitigate 3-D effects in the data on our 2-D models. Magnetotelluric data from both profiles are inverted using a damped least squares solution based on a singular value decomposition. We improved the solution by defining the inverse model covariance matrix through gradient or Laplacian smoothing operators. The two-dimensional inversion models of the ToSca'09 and ToSca'10 field data from southern Norway derived from the damped least squares scheme with the Laplacian inverse model covariance matrix are presented. Resistive rocks, extending to the surface, image the autochthonous Southwest Scandinavian Domain and the allochthonous Western Gneiss Region. Near-surface conductors, which are located between the resistive Caledonian nappes and Precambrian basement, delineate highly conductive shallow-sea sediments, so called alum shales. They exhibit a decollement along which the Caledonian nappes were overthrust. A deeper, upper to midcrustal conducting layer in the Southwest Scandinavian Domain may depict the remnants of closed ocean basins formed during the accretions and collisions of various Sveconorwegian terranes. In ToSca'10, the Caledonian nappes, the conducting alum shales and the deeper conductor are terminated in the west by the Faltungsgraben shear complex which represents a crustal scale boundary between the Western Gneiss Region in the west and the Southwest Scandinavian Domain in the east. Tectonophysics j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / t e c t o Please cite this article as: Cherevatova, M., et al., Crustal structure beneath southern Norway imaged by magnetotellurics, Tectonophysics (2014), http://dx.

Given the notion that trust may be viewed as a continuum, and that different modes of conflict management exist, this paper proposes that different modes of conflict management are likely to be associated with different levels of trust. While culture is typically viewed as the overarching variable in cross-cultural negotiations and that trust operates in the background as a decisive factor. We are considering the essential factor in cross-cultural negotiation is the level of trust that both parties have developed as part of their relationship. The important idea of this paper is to study the role of culture and trust while handling conflict in cross-culture scenario

The spectral shape of a source is of prime importance in optical coherence imaging because it determines several aspects of image quality, especially longitudinal resolution. Wide spectral bandwidth, which provides short coherence length, is sought to obtain high-resolution imaging. To estimate longitudinal resolution, the spectral shape of a source is usually assumed to be Gaussian, although the spectra of real sources are typically non-Gaussian. We discuss the limit of this assumption regarding the estimation of longitudinal resolution. To this end, we also investigate how coherence length is related to longitudinal resolution through the evaluation of different definitions of the coherence length. To demonstrate our purpose, the coherence length for several theoretical and real spectral shapes of sources having the same spectral bandwidth and central wavelength is computed. The reliability of coherence length computations toward the estimation of longitudinal resolution is discussed.

The Internet of Things is a hyped term and many definitions for it exist. Worse still, it comes with a lot of related terminology that is not used uniformly either, hindering scientific discourse. This paper tries to bring clarity by describing the most important terms like things, devices, entities of interest, resources, addressing, identity and, more importantly, the relationships between them.

The physical basis for breast tumor detection with microwave imaging is the contrast in dielectric properties of normal and malignant breast tissues. Confocal microwave imaging involves illuminating the breast with an ultra-wideband pulse from a number of antenna locations, then synthetically focusing reflections from the breast. The detection of malignant tumors is achieved by the coherent addition of returns from these strongly scattering objects. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of detecting and localizing small ( 1 cm) tumors in three dimensions with numerical models of two system configurations involving synthetic cylindrical and planar antenna arrays. Image formation algorithms are developed to enhance tumor responses and reduce early-and late-time clutter. The early-time clutter consists of the incident pulse and reflections from the skin, while the late-time clutter is primarily due to the heterogeneity of breast tissue. Successful detection of 6-mm-diameter spherical tumors is achieved with both planar and cylindrical systems, and similar performance measures are obtained. The influences of the synthetic array size and position relative to the tumor are also explored.

The aim of the paper was to examine the use of instructional materials from local resources for art based courses at the tertiary level. The paper examined the concept of instructional materials and their production for instructional purposes for art based courses. Effort was made to review literature on the categorization of instructional materials from local materials and how they can be developed and produced for use to enhance effective learning.

Conflicts abound and are inevitable. They are not limited to any class of people. What makes the difference, however, is how we handle it because many families, communities and relationships have either been torn apart or are in pain resulting from unresolved conflicts. From a comparative viewpoint, the study examined the sources of conflicts and the modes of resolution in the Abraham vs. Lot (Gen 13) and the Idofin odo-Ashe vs. Irodo communities. We realized that the conflict between the Idofin odo-Ashe vs. Irodo communities took a serious turn culminating in loss of life and prolonged legal battle because of selfishness and greed on the part of the Irodos, and unpatriotism on the part of the Idofin Odo-Ashe people. Although the latter finally showed a sense of patriotism, that was rather too late and self-centered, too. The Abraham vs. Lot conflict produced the opposite. While the conflict revealed Lot's selfishness and greed, Abraham's patriotic and selfless attitude which culminated in compromising his natural right and privileges provided permanent solution to the rift. We therefore recommended that crises-ridden communities should embrace Abraham's unconventional approach as antidote to loss, divorce, pain and prolonged legal battles which accompany unresolved conflicts.

The fundamentals of X-ray lithography are reviewed. Issues associated with resolution, wafer throughput, and process latitude are discussed. X-ray lithography is compared with other lithographic technologies; future advancements, such as X-ray projection lithography, are described. It is shown that the major barrier to the near-term success of X-ray lithography is the requirement for a defect-fvee one-to-one mask which satisfies the stringent image-placement needs of submicrometer patterning.

— Electrical machines are devices that change either mechanical or electrical energy to the other and also can alternate the voltage levels of an alternating current. The need for electrical machines cannot be overemphasized since they are used in various applications in the world today. Its design is to meet the specifications as stated by the user and this design has to be an economical one. The design therefore revolves around designing the machine to meet the stipulated performance required, the cost available and the lasting life of the machine. This work aims to eliminate the tediousness involved in the manual hand calculations of designing the machines by making use of a graphical user interface and using iterations in situations where the data would have been assumed.

I Nl Ih~hh mlIII ,4 9-9 A. Approved for public release; Distribution is unlimited I NOTICES When Government drawings, specifications, or other data are used for any purpose other than in connection with a definitely related Government procurement operation, the United States Government thereby incurs no responsibility nor any obligation whatsoever, and the fact that the Government may have formulated, furnished, or in any way supplied the said drawings, specifications, or other data, is not to be regarded by implication or otherwise as in any manner licensing the holder or any other person or corporation, or conveying any rights or permission to manufacture, use, or sell any patented invention that may in any way be related thereto. I O5T2-101 REPORT DOCUMENTATION 1 1. REPORT NO. 2. s. Recipient's Accession No. PAGE 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Appendix November I q92 Joint Services Electronic Program-Fifteenth Annual Report N. 7. Author(s) a. Performing Org. Rept. No.

Let E be a homotopy commutative ring spectrum, and suppose the ring of cooperations E * E is flat over E * . We wish to address the following question: given a commutative E * -algebra A in E * E-comodules, is there an E∞-ring spectrum X with E * X ∼ = A as comodule algebras? We will formulate this as a moduli problem, and give a way -suggested by work of Dwyer, Kan, and Stover -of dissecting the resulting moduli space as a tower with layers governed by appropriate André-Quillen cohomology groups. A special case is A = E * E itself. The final section applies this to discuss the Lubin-Tate or Morava spectra En. * The authors were partially supported by the National Science Foundation. map(X, Y ) is weakly equivalence to the simplicial mapping set out of cofibrant model for X into a fibrant model for Y . Alternatively, one can write down map(X, Y ) as the nerve of an appropriate diagram category, such as the Dwyer-Kan hammock localization .

Sydney Owenson wrote The Wild Irish Girl hoping to effect in reality a union between Britain and Ireland that was already irrevocably enshrined in law. The passage of the Union in 1801 was itself marked by a discourse of national marriage between Britain and Ireland, with Britain the groom and Ireland the bride, revealing the Union to have shared almost all the characteristics of the classic marriage contract. It is this discursive context that shapes Owenson's text and is responsible for the failure of the text's desired resolution, an allegorical marriage between Britain and Ireland.

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation has been a vital area of research since few decades due to its importance in applications like wireless communications, navigation, radar, sonar and soon. The resolution being one of the main challenges in the direction of arrival estimation can be enhanced by using an array antenna system with reliable signal processing. High resolution techniques make use of array antenna structures to efficiently process the incoming signals. This paper simulates a high resolution subspace based DOA algorithm namely; Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) on a uniform linear array in the presence of white Gaussian noise. The paper also provides an extensive discussion on importance of Adaptive beam forming algorithm used in mobile communication systems along with the DOA algorithm. The simulation results indicate that MUSIC which is a subspace based method provides high spatial resolution and the resolution improves as the number of array elements, number of snapshots and spacing between the array elements increase. It also showed that increase of separation angle between the two sources also gives better results.

"Resolving construction disputes using an adversarial approach is considered to be in opposition of the maintenance of a harmonious relationship between two parties. The modern arbitration process may emulate the litigation proceeding leading to delay and cost escalation. During the past decade, the Hong Kong Government has implemented a mediation clause as an alternative mode for settlement of construction disputes. In this paper, the experience and insight into resolving construction disputes by integrating mediation and then arbitration in Hong Kong are highlighted. The state-of-the-art modern mediation process and its philosophical origins are reviewed. The shortcomings of the present system are pinpointed. The success of the adjudication now practiced in the United Kingdom may suggest that there is a place for another process of dispute resolution, which may help improve the situation. The prospect of the proposed mediation/adjudication and then arbitration mechanism is discussed with particular reference to the construction industry in Hong Kong.

Keywords: adjudication; resolution; industry, construction disputes, mediation, Hong Kong"

Özetçe-Hiperspektral görüntüler çok yüksek spektral çözünürlükte veri sağlamakla birlikte teknik kısıtlardan dolayı düşük uzamsal çözünürlüğe sahiptir. Bu görüntülerin yüksek uzamsal çözünürlüklü görüntülerle kaynaştırılması hem spektral hem de uzamsal çözünürlüğü yüksek zengin içerikli veriler elde edilmesini sağlar. Bu çalışmada düşük uzamsal çözünürlüğe sahip hiperspektral görüntülerin çözünürlüklerinin artırımı amacıyla yüksek uzamsal çözünürlüğe sahip çok bantlı (multispektral) görüntülerle kaynaştırılmasında spektral katışım temelli kaynaştırma yöntemleri önerilmektedir. Buna göre, hiperspektral görüntüden çıkartılan son elemanlar, yüksek çözünürlüklü görüntüye adapte edilmekte ve elde edilen yüksek çözünürlüklü katışım oranları kaynaştırılmış görüntüyü elde etmekte kullanılmaktadır. Yöntem sentetik ve gerçek olmak üzere hiperspektral ve çok bantlı bileşenlerin girdi olarak kullanıldığı iki veri setinde test edilmiştir. Yöntem, görüntü kaynaştırmada kullanılan klasik yöntemlere göre daha fazla başarım sağlamıştır.

Planning in writing is a strategic response to both the writing situation and the writer's own knowledge. This paper describes the process adult writers bring to ill-defined, expository tasks, such as writing essays, articles, reports and proposals. In planning, writers draw on (nest and integrate) three executive level strategies: knowledge-driven planning, script-or schema-driven planning, and constructive planning. Research in both instructional and academic writing suggests that writers may fail to turn to a constructive strategy even when ill-defined tasks demand it. This paper presents a theory of constructive planning based on a detailed analysis of expert and novice writers. It isolates five critical features of this constructive strategy, in which writers must create a unique network of working goals and deal with the special problems of integration, conflict resolution and instantiation this constructive process entails. The paper describes the strategies writers use to meet these demands and some expert/novice differences that affect the integration of the entire plan. This theoretical framework also suggests some goals for instruction and the support of planning. . . . .

Th e primary objective of this article is to discuss humorous pictorial advertisements contingent on non-verbal (visual) and verbal components, with the heuristic apparatus provided by Fauconnier and Turner's conceptual integration theory . A postulate is advanced that humourorientated blending can be viewed in the light of the incongruity-resolution model , the prevailing framework of humour interpretation in linguistics and psychology. Nevertheless, a proviso is made that special emphasis must be placed on the mechanism of bisociation , i.e. oscillation between incompatible frames of reference , after the resolution stage, which is in accordance with the conceptual integration account. Additionally, a preliminary attempt is made at diff erentiating humorous blends from non-humorous ones. Finally, a discussion of examples aims to testify to the widespread and multifarious applicability of the incongruity-resolution blending approach in the analysis of humorous advertisements. It is shown how humorously incongruous blends and advertising meta-blends interweave.

Pulse compression is used in radar systems to improve range resolution while maintaining a high duty cycle. In addition to practical implementation constraints, the key issues for the selection of a pulse-compression waveform are mismatch loss, peak / integrated range sidelobes, and Doppler tolerance. While much progress has been made in the design of nonlinear frequency modulated (FM) chirp waveforms satisfying these requirements, the corresponding performance for binary phase-coded waveforms is often inadequate. In order to improve the range sidelobes achieved with phase-coded waveforms, specially designed mismatched pulse compression filters can be used. Several such approaches have been described in the literature since 1959. This paper review these techniques and highlight a particular approach using infinite impulse response (IIR) filters, which has received little attention in the past. Using this technique the performance for a number of binary phase codes of different length have been determined and their Doppler tolerance is investigated.

One of the factors limiting the achievable mass resolution in time-of-flight mass spectrometers is the non-zero extent of the ion spatial distribution along the dimension parallel to the extraction axis. The effects of this spatial distribution are normally minimized by placing the detector at the position along the flight path where the temporal spread of an isomass ion packet is minimized. This position is known as the space-focus plane. In this paper, an analytic expression is obtained for the non-linear field in the extraction region which would yield theoretically perfect ion packet focusing at the space-focus plane. The mathematical techniques required are those commonly used in the solution of calculus of variations problems.

Server applications with adaptive behaviors can adapt their functionality in response to environmental changes, and significantly reduce the on-going costs of system deployment and administration. However, developing adaptive server applications is challenging due to the complexity of server technologies and highly dynamic application environments. This paper presents an architecture framework, known as the Adaptive Server Framework (ASF). ASF provides a clear separation between the implementation of adaptive behaviors and the server application business logic. This means a server application can be cost effectively extended with programmable adaptive features through the definition and implementation of control components defined in ASF. Furthermore, ASF is a lightweight architecture in that it incurs low CPU overhead and memory usage. We demonstrate the effectiveness of ASF through a case study, in which a server application dynamically determines the resolution and quality to scale an image based on the load of the server and network connection speed. The experimental evaluation demonstrates the performance gains possible by adaptive behaviors and the low overhead introduced by ASF.

Elevated temperature and temperature programming in conventional liquid chromatography -fundamentals and applications Temperature, as a powerful variable in conventional LC is discussed from a fundamental point of view and illustrated with applications from the author's laboratory. Emphasis is given to the influence of temperature on speed, selectivity, efficiency, detectability, and mobile phase composition (green chromatography). The problems accompanying the use of elevated temperature and temperature programming in LC are reviewed and solutions are described. The available stationary phases for high temperature operation are summarized and a brief overview of recent applications reported in the literature is given.

In Biomedical applications such as pacemaker it becomes mandatory to design the circuits with low power and low voltage to enhance the system by means of long sustainability and less power consumption with maintenance free operation, especially in the circuits like Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs). So here is the selection of right architecture is very crucial. Day by day more and more applications are built on the basis of power consumption so SAR ADC will be useful for medium speed with medium resolution and low power consumption. This SAR ADC is designed in Tanner Tool V13.0 . This is implemented in 180 nm technology.

The article presented an integrated data set on the alternative dispute resolution
and employee commitment of selected Construction Companies. The objective of the
study was to determine the effect of negotiation on continuance commitment; identify
the influence of mediation on affective commitment; determine the effect of
conciliation on continuance commitment and investigate the influence of arbitration
on normative commitment. A structured questionnaire was administered to 268
respondents which was determined using stratified random sampling techniques. The
copies of questionnaire were analysed using AMOS 21, while Structural Equation
Modelling (SEM) analysis was done on the constructs to enable further
comprehensive investigations. However, further comprehensive investigations will
help in establishing the significant effect of alternative dispute resolution on employee
commitment and how this can be incorporated in organisations/institutions for
ultimate success

The absorption and emission spectra of six purine derivatives: adenine (I), N(9)-hydroxyethyladenine (II), N(6)-acetyladenine (III), N(6)-isobutyryladenine (IV), guanine (V), and N(2),N(9)-diacetylguanine (VI) have been investigated. The effects of solvent and pH on the positions of λ max  (absorption) and λ max  (emission) of these compounds were determined. Correlations between the absorption wavelength (λ max ) of these organic compounds and the solvent parameters (D,n,E) or (K,M,N) show that the peak position is affected mainly by specific- and non-specific types of interactions between the solvent and solute. Solvent effects on the electronic absorption band shifts are indicative of the extent of charge reorganization of the solute molecules upon electronic excitation. The Stokes shift (ν abs−ν em) was correlated with the orientation polarizability (Δf) and was found to depend mainly on the dielectric constant and the refractive index of the solvents. This shift reflects the influence of the equilibrium solvent arrangement around the excited solute molecule, which rearranges inertially due to the instantaneous charge redistribution upon radiative deactivation to the electronic ground state. A spectrofluorometric analysis technique was applied for the quantitative analysis of the components of a ternary mixture of compounds (I–III).

Differential anxiety responses to television coverage of national threat situations and terrorism in Israel were examined. A total of 237 participants were evenly divided into two groups, each exposed to an experimental or control condition. The experimental condition involved exposure to television news clips of terrorism and threats to national security. The control condition involved equivalent-length exposure to news clips unrelated to national danger situations. Results supported the anxiety-inducing effect of the experimental condition and indicated differential demographic and dispositional responses to the footage according to gender, religiousness, and level of dogmatism. These results support the powerful effect of the mass media and advocate further exploration of links between media broadcasting of political violence and psychological processes.

The paper illustrates the application of high-spatial resolution satellite images in interpreting volcanic structures and eruption impacts in the Tengger-Semeru massif in east Java, Indonesia. We use high-spatial resolution images (IKONOS and SPOT 5) and aerial photos in order to analyze the structures of Semeru volcano and map the deposits. Geological and tectonic mapping is based on two DEMs and on the interpretation of aerial photos and four SPOT and IKONOS optical satellite images acquired between 1996 and 2002. We also compared two thermal Surface Kinetic Temperature ASTER images before and after the 2002-2003 eruption in order to delineate and evaluate the impacts of the pyroclastic density currents. Semeru's principal structural features are probably due to the tectonic setting of the volcano. A structural map of the Tengger-Semeru massif shows four groups of faults orientated N40, N160, N75, and N105 to N140. Conspicuous structures, such as the SE-trending horseshoe-shaped scar on Semeru's summit cone, coincide with the N160-trending faults. The direction of minor scars on the east flank parallels the first and second groups of faults. The Semeru composite cone hosts the currently active Jonggring-Seloko vent. This is located on, and buttressed against, the Mahameru edifice at the head of a large scar that may reflect a failure plane at shallow depth. Dipping 35°towards the SE, this failure plane may correspond to a weak basal layer of weathered volcaniclastic rocks of Tertiary age. We suggest that the deformation pattern of Semeru and its large scar may be induced by flank spreading over the weak basal layer of the volcano. It is therefore necessary to consider the potential for flank and summit collapse in the future. The last major eruption took place in December 2002-January 2003, and involved emplacement of block-and-ash flows. We have used the 2003 ASTER Surface Kinetic Temperature image to map the 2002-2003 pyroclastic density current deposits. We have also compared two 10 m-pixel images acquired before and after the event to describe the extent and impact of an estimated volume of 5.45 × 10 6 m 3 of block-and-ash flow deposits. An ash-rich pyroclastic surge escaped from one of the valley-confined block-and ash flows at 5 to 8 km distance from the crater and swept across the forest and tilled land on the SW side of the Bang River Valley. Downvalley, the temperature of the pyroclastic surge decreased and a mud-rich deposit coated the banks of the Bang River Valley. Thus, hazard mitigation at Semeru should combine: (1) continuous monitoring of the eruptive activity through an early-warning system, and (2) continuous remote sensing of the morphological changes in the drainage system due to the impact of frequent pyroclastic density currents and lahars.