Research papers on information systems

Cloud computing is a highly scalable and cost-effective infrastructure for running Web applications. E-learning or e-Learning is one of such Web application has increasingly gained popularity in the recent years, as a comprehensive medium of global education system/training systems. The development of e-Learning Application within the cloud computing environment enables users to access diverse software applications, share data, collaborate more easily, and keep their data safely in the infrastructure. However, the growing demand of Cloud infrastructure has drastically increased the energy consumption of data centers, which has become a critical issue. High energy consumption not only translates to high operational cost, which reduces the profit margin of Cloud providers, but also leads to high carbon emissions which is not environmentally friendly. Hence, energy-efficient solutions are required to minimize the impact of Cloud-Oriented E-Learning on the environment. E-learning method...

This paper describes the Distributed Object Kernel (DOK) system, which provides extended database functionalities over heterogeneous and distributed multimedia databases. The DOK object model provides mechanisms for representing di erent forms of information, including structured (e.g. tables and objects) and non-structured (e.g. images and voice) information. In addition, the DOK object model allows a self description of both structural and behavioral aspects of heterogeneous database applications. A set of metaobjects describe the information about objects, the messages they can process, and the way messages are to be executed in a distributed and heterogeneous environment. The DOK logical architecture has a clear separation of concerns, involving a coordination layer, a task layer and a database layer. Each of these layers contains a set of agents specialised in performing speci c functions related to the cooperative computation. When a user requests information about a DOK appli...

Information provision over the Internet offers little by way of "intelligently" assisting users in retrieving personally relevant information. Web portals are envisaged as tools for matching users information needs in order to enhance their ability for decision-making. This paper looks at portals as a new type of intelligent decision support systems, which incorporate problem domain knowledge in order to improve efficiency in information provision. The main focus of the paper is in suggesting how certain characteristics of an intelligent decision support system can be implemented in a portal, which seeks to deliver personalised information to support efficient healthcare decision-making.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reflect on the issues of social and digital exclusion and inclusion arising from the development of a digitalised society. It aims to highlight the significance of this for the study of information systems by describing the context for this special issue, outlining a number of previously under‐researched areas, giving an overview of the papers chosen for this special issue and describing future directions for research that recognise non‐users and marginal users as important actors in designing and evaluating systems in use.Design/methodology/approachThe paper sets the scene by discussing the impact of mass involvement in digital culture on the field of information systems and analyses each paper, suggesting ways in which they relate to the chosen themes and drawing conclusions from this discussion.FindingsThe papers chosen address thematic issues, theoretical foundations, methodological issues, empirical studies and reflections on inclusion and...

Cloud computing is a highly scalable and cost-effective infrastructure for running Web applications. E-learning or e-Learning is one of such Web application has increasingly gained popularity in the recent years, as a comprehensive medium of global education system/training systems. The development of e-Learning Application within the cloud computing environment enables users to access diverse software applications, share data, collaborate more easily, and keep their data safely in the infrastructure. However, the growing demand of Cloud infrastructure has drastically increased the energy consumption of data centers, which has become a critical issue. High energy consumption not only translates to high operational cost, which reduces the profit margin of Cloud providers, but also leads to high carbon emissions which is not environmentally friendly. Hence, energy-efficient solutions are required to minimize the impact of Cloud-Oriented E-Learning on the environment. E-learning methods have drastically changed the educational environment and also reduced the use of papers and ultimately reduce the production of carbon footprint. E-learning methodology is an example of Green computing. Thus, in this paper, it is proposed a Cloud-Oriented Green Computing Architecture for eLearning Applications (COGALA). The e-Learning Applications using COGALA can lower expenses, reduce energy consumption, and help organizations with limited IT resources to deploy and maintain needed software in a timely manner. This paper also discussed the implication of this solution for future research directions to enable Cloud-Oriented Green Computing.

In software -intensive organizations, a n organizational management system will not guarantee o rganization al success unless the business strategy can be translated into a set of operational sof tware goals. The Goal Question Metric (GQM) approach has proven itself useful in a variety of i ndustrial settings to support quantitative software project management. Ho wever, it does not a ddress link ing software measurement goals to higher -level goals of the organization in which the software is being developed. This linkage is important, as it helps to justify software measurement efforts and allows measurement data to contribute to higher -level decisions. In this paper , we pr opose a GQM + Strategies � measurement approach that builds on the GQM approach to plan and implement software measurement. GQM + Strategies ® provides mechanisms for explicitly linking software measureme nt goals to higher -level goals for the software organization, and further to goals and strategies at t h...

A novel Microstrip patch antenna with hash shaped slotted ground plane and Π + U slotted patch is presented. Hash shaped slot in ground plane provides the multiple resonances. Proposed antenna provides wide bandwidth and reduced return loss. In this paper large bandwidth is achieved by introducing slots in ground plane and conducting patch. Designed antenna cover the WLAN 5.2 GHz (5.15-5.35 GHz) band. Performance parameters Return loss, bandwidth, gain, directivity, and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) have been analyzed for Simple Rectangular Patch Antenna and for Proposed multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna by using Finite element method based High Frequency Structure Simulator software (HFSS).

The quality of a system's data is equivalent to its quality, and that is not different for video content distribution management platforms, so as the inherent need of reliable, secure, authenticated, integer communication protocols is real for those systems the quality of its ...

Cloud computing is a highly scalable and cost-effective infrastructure for running Web applications. E-learning or e-Learning is one of such Web application has increasingly gained popularity in the recent years, as a comprehensive medium of global education system/training systems. The development of e-Learning Application within the cloud computing environment enables users to access diverse software applications, share data, collaborate more easily, and keep their data safely in the infrastructure. However, the growing demand of Cloud infrastructure has drastically increased the energy consumption of data centers, which has become a critical issue. High energy consumption not only translates to high operational cost, which reduces the profit margin of Cloud providers, but also leads to high carbon emissions which is not environmentally friendly. Hence, energy-efficient solutions are required to minimize the impact of Cloud-Oriented E-Learning on the environment. E-learning method...

* This research was selected for the special issue of the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP), Working Group 8.6 2007 annual conference (see the entry for this conference). This publication is part of the special issue.

Given the importance of contextual influences on the diffusion of innovations, the theories and methodologies that take context into account are increasingly relevant to research and practice. One such approach, the systems of innovation approach, considers context to be a cascading set of effects arising from various participants and innovations surrounding the production and diffusion of a focal innovation. Based on this approach, we focus on a public program involved in the diffusion of e-business systems to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). E-business systems are complex innovations, and the contextual influences are particularly important here, because SMEs often lack the knowledge and resources to strategically adopt, modify, and use these innovations. Using the systems of innovation approach, we examined the contexts around public program interventions with an SME in order to explain their form and influence on e-business adoption processes. The empirical findings suggest that many public programs fail to effectively deliver interventions because program contexts restrict program personnel's ability to completely assess and respond to the range of adopter needs. While some aspects of the program contexts can be altered by the program directors, others are further removed and are currently beyond our collective control at this point-in-time. The implications for diffusion research and practice are discussed.

Services are the vital part of a service-oriented architecture. Their development and design are essential parts of the development and implementation of a service-oriented architecture. Thus, numerous approaches in research and practice exist that refer to different aspects of service design. These are focused on specific needs or aspects in service design. According to the literature review provided in this paper, no single service design approach covers all the aspects that are needed for the implementation and deployment of a service-oriented architecture. Beside the literature review this paper provides a service design approach that combines the existing methods and approaches. The goal is its further development towards a service design method for service design in research and industry.

This paper describes collaborative research commenced early in 1998 and being pursued in cooperation with the Queensland Government. It extends prior work by Hirschheim, R. and Lacity, M. (Beyond the information systems outsourcing bandwagon: the insourcing response, 1995; Information systems outsourcing: myths, metaphors and realities, J. Wiley, Chichester 1993) in the private sector, identifying government specific contingencies, with emphasis on the outsourcing relationship and related contract structures. Comparison will be possible between the prior study and findings in the public sector. Preliminary findings will be available for presentation at ACIS'98.

AngeregtvonderPublikation"AreviewofcultureinInformationSystemsresearch:Towardatheoryof informationtechnologycultureconflict"vonLeidnerundKayworth(2006)wirdindiesemBeitraguntersucht, welche Bedeutung "Kultur" als Forschungsgegenstand in der gestaltungsorientierten Wissenschaftsdisziplin"Wirtschaftsinformatik"innerhalbdereinschlägigenFachliteratureinnimmt.Leidnerund KayworthuntersuchteninihremBeitragIT-relevanteVeröffentlichungeninZeitschriftenundKonferenzbänden,diederhauptsächlichimangelsächsischenSprachraumangesiedelten,behavioristischorientierten Wissenschaftsdisziplin Information Systems zugeordnet werden können. Sie fanden bzgl. der unter-suchtenWerkeu.a.heraus,dassüber60%derindenBeiträgengetroffenenEntscheidungenzurGestal-tungvonAnwendungssystemenoderzuProblemlösungsansätzenaufdemDimensionsmodellvonHofstede(1980)beruhen. Nach Leidner und Kayworth (2006, S. 357) spielt Kultur im Rahmen der Informationstechnologie eine erhebliche Rolle, sei es als Unternehmenskultur, die sich insb. auf Geschäftsprozesse zwischen Unternehmen auswirkt oder als Gruppenkulturen bzw. Nationalkulturen, die Auswirkungen auf z. B. die Akzeptanz von und den Umgang mit Informationssystemen haben. Im Umfeld der Disziplin "Information Systems" gibt es eine Vielzahl von Veröffentlichungen, die sich mit kulturellen Einflüssen auf verschiedenste Aspekte der Informationsverarbeitung auseinandersetzen: Besonders berücksichtigt werden u. a.

Internet technology has changed not only multiple aspects of our everyday lives but it has also affected the research methods both in behavorist and design science. Since Information Systems Research (ISR) combines both approaches, changes in information creation and discovery have important effect on its research activities. Information systems researchers focus on the development of new technologies and tools, observe new or known phenomena in organizations with the focus on using the methods of the Design Science Research (DSR). Shifting these activities online expands the scale and scope of these studies but it also entails risks to research quality and artifact usage. Internet research is inherently no more risky than traditional observational, survey, implementation, design or experimental methods. Yet the risks and precautions against them will differ from those characterizing traditional research and will change over time. This paper summarizes some benefits and challenges of conducting information systems research using the Internet technology. Embedding the evolving toolset of online methods into the ISR branches of behavorist DSR process the paper outlines challenging aspects for both researchers and institutional review boards enabling the preservation of the research quality.

This paper describes the Distributed Object Kernel DOK system, which provides extended database functionalities over heterogeneous and distributed multimedia databases. The DOK object model provides mechanisms for representing di erent forms of information, including structured e.g. tables and objects and non-structured e.g. images and voice information. In addition, the DOK object model allows a self , description of both structural and behavioral aspects of heterogeneous database applications. A set of metaobjects describe the information about objects, the messages they can process, and the way messages are to be executed in a distributed and heterogeneous environment. The DOK logical architecture has a clear separation of concerns, involving a coordination layer, a task layer and a database layer. Each of these layers contains a set of agents specialised in performing speci c functions related to the cooperative computation. When a user requests information about a DOK application, the coordination agents identify and delegate the sub-parts of the query to appropriate agents of the task-based layer. These specialised agents, in turn, use the agents of the database layer to access the required information to process the di erent subparts of the global request.

This paper describes some of the lessons learned from the FireGrid project. It starts with a brief overview of the project. The discussion of the lessons learned that follows is intended for others attempting to develop a similar system, where sensor data is used to steer a super-real time simulation in order to generate predictions that will provide decision support for emergency responders.

This paper describes the Distributed Object Kernel DOK system, which provides extended database functionalities over heterogeneous and distributed multimedia databases. The DOK object model provides mechanisms for representing di erent forms of information, including structured e.g. tables and objects and non-structured e.g. images and voice information. In addition, the DOK object model allows a self , description of both structural and behavioral aspects of heterogeneous database applications. A set of metaobjects describe the information about objects, the messages they can process, and the way messages are to be executed in a distributed and heterogeneous environment.

The paper aims to study the relationship between information and communication technologies and local governance. For that will be studied the experiences of the use of Internet in participatory budgeting. The experiences of Participatory Budget (PB) proposed the direct participation ...

Interpretive flexibility is a term used to describe the differing perspectives on what a technology is and can or can not do during the process of technological development. In this paper we look at how interpretive flexibility manifests through the diverse perceptions of stakeholders involved in the diffusion and adoption of NHS Care Records Service (NCRS). Our analysis shows that while the policy makers acting upon the application of details related to the implementation of the system, the potential users are far behind the innovation decision process namely at the knowledge or persuasion stages. We use data from a local heath authority from a county close to London. The research explores compares and evaluates contrasting views on the systems implementation at local as well as national level. We believe that our analysis is useful for NCRS implementation strategies in particular and technology diffusion in big organisations in general.

Der Bedarf an überbetrieblicher Kooperation bei Unternehmen wächst zunehmend. Technologische und marktbedingte Entwicklungen drängen zur Kooperation mit Partnern, wobei sich die Integrationsreife vieler Organisationen immer noch auf einem niedrigen Niveau befindet. Nutzenpotenziale von überbetrieblicher Integration werden kaum von den beteiligten Partnern innerhalb eines Integrationsszenarios genutzt, da die zur Verfügung stehenden Technologien nur selten eingesetzt werden. Empirische Studien aus jüngerer Vergangenheit zeigen, dass trotz zahlreicher Erkenntnisse und Fortschritte aus der Forschung die gelebte Realität immer noch um Jahre hinterherhinkt. Dieser Unterschied zwischen wissenschaftlicher Forschung und wirtschaftlicher Realität lieferte die Motivation dazu, eine Literaturuntersuchung durchzuführen, die den gegenwärtigen Stand und Impulse für die zukünftige Entwicklung der B2B-Forschung aufzeigen sollte. Insgesamt wurden 15116 Artikel aus 40 wissenschaftlichen Journalen mit den Themenschwerpunkten Wirtschaftsinformatik, Informationsmanagement und Electronic Commerce aus den Jahren 2000 bis 2008 untersucht und analysiert. Das Ergebnis zeigt, dass die wichtigsten Fokusthemen für B2B-Integration Technologische Anpassung, Technologische Auswirkung und Design-orientierte Entwicklung von Artefakten sind.

Project Management involves several areas of knowledge like scope management, time management, cost management, quality management, human resources management, communications management, risk management, procurement management and integration management. ...

O presente artigo resultou de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo Identificar em que aspectos a auditoria de sistemas informatizados pode contribuir no processo de alinhamento do fluxo de dados dos sistemas empregados pela empresa auditada para geração de informação que atendam as necessidades dos gestores. O estudo caracteriza-se por uma pesquisa descritiva e empregou quanto ao delineamento o estudo de caso. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma empresa que presta serviços hospitalares, localizada na região oeste do Estado do Paraná (Brasil), sendo empregado o questionário para coleta de dados, realizadas entrevistas, observações e análise de artefatos. Foi constatado com o estudo que existem alguns problemas ligados ao fluxo de dados da empresa em relação às necessidades do negócio, entre eles a falta de um sistema para gerenciamento dos dados financeiros e o transito de informações entre os sistemas por meio de arquivos ou relatórios sem uma estrutura de controle. Constatou-se que a empresa possui vários sistemas em uso, sem uma integração de suas bases, acarretando problemas no alinhamento dos dados as metas da empresa. Para realizar os trabalhos foi utilizada no desenvolvimento a estrutura Control Objectives for Information and related Technology (COBIT) que auxiliou estabelecendo diretrizes para a realização do trabalho. Por fim, a auditoria do fluxo de dados contribuiu para demonstrar as falhas e fraquezas da atual estrutura da base de dados da empresa e as possíveis formas de reverter o quadro que seriam a adaptação dos atuais sistemas em uso de forma a possibilitar a integração entre eles ou a substituição das atuais soluções da entidade por uma que integre todos os setores do hospital.

Services are the vital part of a service-oriented architecture. Their development and design are essential parts of the development and implementation of a service-oriented architecture. Thus, numerous approaches in research and practice exist that refer to different aspects of service design. These are focused on specific needs or aspects in service design. According to the literature review provided in this paper, no single service design approach covers all the aspects that are needed for the implementation and deployment of a service-oriented architecture. Beside the literature review this paper provides a service design approach that combines the existing methods and approaches. The goal is its further development towards a service design method for service design in research and industry.

Research funders and research organisations both require feedback on the progress, productivity and quality of the research they support. This information originates with researchers, but may be captured in a variety of systems including University CRIS/IR and funder systems. In 2014 all 7 national Research Councils (collectively referred to as RCUK) implemented a harmonised approach to the collection of research output data, currently supported by Researchfish Ltd (referred to as the Researchfish® system). In 2016 this process is gathering feedback from over 60,000 researchers in all UK Universities, and for funders in the USA, Canada, Denmark and the Netherlands, tracking more than £40billion of public and charity research investment and is adding to a dataset of more than 1.5 million outputs. Researchers, research managers and funders want to find ways to capture this data once and achieve wide re-use of the information. Working together University and Research Council officers, Researchfish Ltd. and Jisc have highlighted that it is important for the " interoperability " between research information systems to be improved. These organisations have started a programme of work to improve the bi-directional flow of information between University and funder systems.

Emergency Managers face a number of critical problems related to the compilation, validation, and use of Emergency Procedures. Traditional approaches do not provide enough expressiveness to accurately specify emergency procedures covering each possible scenario. As a result of this situation, Emergency Procedures are not as useful as they should be, neither in prevention nor during resolution of an emergency. In this work, we present an approach that merges two techniques to provide the broad expressiveness required when specifying Emergency Procedures. To represent sequences on actions performed by different participants we use workflows, techniques. On the other hand, we use rules to represent available or obligatory actions according to the state of the system during the emergency. These rules are expressed in dynamic logic as the underlying formalism. Our approach provides more expressiveness and precision for the specification of Emergency Procedures, offering better conditions for their verification and validation. As a case study we have used part of a city subway Emergency Procedure.

Emergency Managers face a number of critical problems related to the compilation, validation, and use of Emergency Procedures. Traditional approaches do not provide enough expressiveness to accurately specify emergency procedures covering each possible scenario. As a result of this situation, Emergency Procedures are not as useful as they should be, neither in prevention nor during resolution of an emergency. In this work, we present an approach that merges two techniques to provide the broad expressiveness required when specifying Emergency Procedures. To represent sequences on actions performed by different participants we use workflows, techniques. On the other hand, we use rules to represent available or obligatory actions according to the state of the system during the emergency. These rules are expressed in dynamic logic as the underlying formalism. Our approach provides more expressiveness and precision for the specification of Emergency Procedures, offering better conditions for their verification and validation. As a case study we have used part of a city subway Emergency Procedure.

Within inter-organizational supply chains decentralized planning spheres lead to new challenges for the tracking and tracing of the fulfillment process. Nevertheless, information about progress and delays for instance in production has to be gathered to plan and to control the supply ...

Chief information managers (CIOs) lead IT organizations in a changing and uncertain competitive environment. IT managers deal with external environmental changes, changing internal customer needs, and rapid technology changes. Studies suggest that to manage change and prepare for uncertainty, IT leaders should create an organization that is more flexible. The authors propose in this conceptual paper that flexibility can be analyzed and introduced systematically within the IT organization.

Services are the vital part of a service-oriented architecture. Their development and design are essential parts of the development and implementation of a service-oriented architecture. Thus, numerous approaches in research and practice exist that refer to different aspects of service design. These are focused on specific needs or aspects in service design. According to the literature review provided in this paper, no single service design approach covers all the aspects that are needed for the implementation and deployment of a service-oriented architecture. Beside the literature review this paper provides a service design approach that combines the existing methods and approaches. The goal is its further development towards a service design method for service design in research and industry.

In software-intensive organizations, an organizational management system will not guarantee or- ganizational success unless the business strategy can be translated into a set of operational soft- ware goals. The Goal Question Metric (GQM) approach has proven itself useful in a variety of in- dustrial settings to support quantitative software project management. However, it does not ad- dress linking software measurement

A Novel method of Stegnography to achieve Reversible Data Hiding (RDH) is proposed using Histogram Modification (HM). In this paper the HM technique is revisited and a general framework to construct HM-based RDH is presented by simply designing the shifting and embedding functions on the cover image. The Secret Image is embedded inside the cover image using several steps of specific shifting of pixels with an order. The secret image or logo is retrieved without any loss in data on the cover and as well as in the secrete image. The Experimental results show the better Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) with the existing methods.

A novel Microstrip patch antenna with hash shaped slotted ground plane and Π + U slotted patch is presented. Hash shaped slot in ground plane provides the multiple resonances. Proposed antenna provides wide bandwidth and reduced return loss. In this paper large bandwidth is achieved by introducing slots in ground plane and conducting patch. Designed antenna cover the WLAN 5.2 GHz (5.15-5.35 GHz) band. Performance parameters Return loss, bandwidth, gain, directivity, and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) have been analyzed for Simple Rectangular Patch Antenna and for Proposed multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna by using Finite element method based High Frequency Structure Simulator software (HFSS).

This paper describes some of the lessons learned from the FireGrid project. It starts with a brief overview of the project. The discussion of the lessons learned that follows is intended for others attempting to develop a similar system, where sensor data is used to steer a super-real time simulation in order to generate predictions that will provide decision support for emergency responders.

The development of the mobile phone technology, from the introduction of the first cellular systems in the mid-eighties, has caused a rupture in the service model in the telecommunications industry. To fill the gaps created by the technological breakthrough in the service ...

Bedarf an uberbetrieblicher Kooperation bei Unternehmen wachst zunehmend. Technologische und marktbedingte Entwick- lungen drangen zur Kooperation mit Partnern, wobei sich die Integrationsreife vieler Organisationen immer noch auf einem niedrigen Niveau befindet. Nutzenpotenziale von uberbetriebli- cher Integration werden kaum von den beteiligten Partnern inner- halb eines Integrationsszenarios genutzt, da die zur Verfugung stehenden Technologien nur selten eingesetzt werden. Empirische Studien aus jungerer Vergangenheit zeigen, dass trotz zahlreicher Erkenntnisse und Fortschritte aus der Forschung die gelebte Reali- tat immer noch um Jahre hinterherhinkt (14), (17), (22), (29). Dieser Unterschied zwischen wissenschaftlicher Forschung und wirtschaftlicher Realitat lieferte die Motivation dazu, eine Litera- turuntersuchung durchzufuhren, die den gegenwartigen Stand und Impulse fur die zukunftige Entwicklung der B2B-Forschung auf- zeigen sollte. Insgesamt wurden 15116 Artikel aus 40 w...

Cloud computing is a highly scalable and cost-effective infrastructure for running Web applications. E-learning or e-Learning is one of such Web application has increasingly gained popularity in the recent years, as a comprehensive medium of global education system/training systems. The development of e-Learning Application within the cloud computing environment enables users to access diverse software applications, share data, collaborate more easily, and keep their data safely in the infrastructure. However, the growing demand of Cloud infrastructure has drastically increased the energy consumption of data centers, which has become a critical issue. High energy consumption not only translates to high operational cost, which reduces the profit margin of Cloud providers, but also leads to high carbon emissions which is not environmentally friendly. Hence, energy-efficient solutions are required to minimize the impact of Cloud-Oriented E-Learning on the environment. E-learning method...

Emergency Managers face a number of critical problems related to the compilation, validation, and use of Emergency Procedures. Traditional approaches do not provide enough expressiveness to accurately specify emergency procedures covering each possible scenario. As a result of this situation, Emergency Procedures are not as useful as they should be, neither in prevention nor during resolution of an emergency. In this work, we present an approach that merges two techniques to provide the broad expressiveness required when specifying Emergency Procedures. To represent sequences on actions performed by different participants we use workflows, techniques. On the other hand, we use rules to represent available or obligatory actions according to the state of the system during the emergency. These rules are expressed in dynamic logic as the underlying formalism. Our approach provides more expressiveness and precision for the specification of Emergency Procedures, offering better conditions for their verification and validation. As a case study we have used part of a city subway Emergency Procedure.