Quantum Field theory on curved spacetime

Special Relativity Theory (SRT) has two postulates, one stating that the laws of physics are the same for all observers, and the other stating that the speed of light is the constant 186,000 miles per second, regardless of any reference frames. As a result of these postulates, SRT renders predictions such as: 1) No object can travel faster than 186,000 miles per second (the speed of light itself); 2) On approaching the speed of light, a moving object contracts in length in the direction of motion, while 3) a clock traveling with the object slows down; 4) The mass of an object multiplied by the square of the speed of light gives energy ( E mc2 ); i.e., mass could be converted to energy and vice versa; 5) Observers do not agree on the simultaneity of events - two events that are simultaneous for one observer might not be simultaneous for another.

There are evident inconsistencies among these predictions. There is also a philosophical problem relating to the nature of reality. Could there be more than one reality in Nature; that is, can reality be subjective, and only a matter of interpretation? This paper explores the evident inconsistencies and the philosophical problem by developing arguments and providing numerical examples.

The “Fluidum Continuum” ( = FC ) pervades all of space albeit at varying densities as to certain locations. Varying densities are cause of “space-time curvature” and as such the density ( = ρ ) determines the phenomenon “mass” ( = m ) and the maximum allowable velocity in the FC, which is the “speed of light” ( = c ) at location. Energy is constituted by motion and by density in the FC. Motion in the FC is the sum-total of all motions: stationary, non-stationary, wave-type and vortex type, all of which can be super-positioned upon each other.

A totally new approach to physics is being introduced herewith and this approach is “Fluid Mechanical” in character. This was not done before, but the research of it resulted in new insights. Discoveries have recently been made, e.g. other forms of hydrogen, including so-called “Fractional Hydrogen” and “Bi-Electronic Hydrogen”. This in turn has led to discovery of new energy generating processes and to the creation of new materials, hitherto unknown and of extreme importance. Also nuclear transmutations which never were searched for or known have recently been found by writer and associates in the laboratory. These new processes and related technologies,
which are supposedly impossible in the sense of classical physics, supply ample proof for the correctness of the underlying theories and the validity of the new concepts and new postulates as shall be introduced in this book. Physics shall never be the same and astronomy shall be affected similarly.

The golden ring to which most physicists aspire is a unified field theory that incorporates all of modern and classical physics. Some scientists and others call this a TOE or ‘theory of everything’, but it is no more than false hubris to believe that humans could possibly know and explain everything about the universe at this time. Einstein chased this goal for the last three decades of his life, basing his theoretical research on his general theory of relativity. Meanwhile, the vast majority of scientists supporting the other major accomplishment of the Second Scientific Revolution were investing all of their time and efforts to advancing the quantum theory and their quest has been extremely successful. They originally had no interest in a unified field theory. After Einstein died in 1955, his efforts were all but abandoned because of his philosophical stance against the prevalent Copenhagen Interpretation of quantum theory even though he had been one of quantum theory’s founders. During the 1970s the tables started to turn and quantum theorists became interested in unifying physics, although not from the foundational principles of relativity theory. They claimed that quantum theory was more fundamental than relativity so they began the same quest from a totally different direction despite their claims to be continuing Einstein’s quest.  Throughout the development of the ensuing standard quantum model, superstring theory and many other theoretical schemes, quantum theorists have remained resolute in their conviction that the quantum and relativity are mutually incompatible so the quantum must completely do away with and replace relativity once and for all. However, the quantum theory and relativity are not actually incompatible and, in fact, say the some of the same things about the nature of physical reality. When the similarities are fully defined and studied and the basic assumptions behind each of the theories are altered to reflect the similarities instead of the incompatibilities, only then can the point of their compatibility be determined and act as a unifying principle resulting in a completed unified field theory of the type that Einstein once sought. The development of this physical model of reality is not without irony. Not only is the quantum theory incomplete as Einstein argued in EPR, but Einstein’s general relativity is also seriously incomplete and true unification cannot be rendered complete at any level of reality until all the theoretical models being unified are themselves complete.

The mechanics of consciousness as pertains to a soul experiencing life within multiple continuums of time and space indigenous to different dimensions of consciousness has been discussed. It has been explicated that a soul absorbs a multitude of resonant frequencies of the coherent and intelligible light containing the sacred codes of life, and begins to animate (vibrate) as distinct ‘aspects’ of itself within different continuums of time and space. Vibration occurs when the natural frequencies of an individual soul aspect, ω_n  =√(k_n/m_n )  matches the resonant frequencies indigenous to distinct dimension of consciousness, where m_n denotes the mass (constitution), and k_n represents the ‘coefficient of consciousness expansibility’ (a karmic constant) of each soul aspect. In this respect, the problem of soul vibration constitutes an eigenvalue problem, where the natural frequencies ω_n of individual soul ‘aspects’ represent the ‘DISCRETE’ eigenvalues, and the eigenvectors are defined by, or are indigenous to, the distinct dimensions of consciousness. In this respect, the overall response is equal to the superposition of the individual piece-wise ‘linear’ responses. Furthermore, it is clarified that the flashing ‘on’ and ‘off’ nature of the resonant stroboscopic light of consciousness gives rise to cyclic and non-dissipative matter to antimatter conversion and vice versa, which are facilitated by the ‘black’ and ‘white’ holes indigenous to the conical vortices of our chakras, which function in duplicate, and in the physical and ethereal realms, respectively. Furthermore, it is explicated that an individual soul aspect is physically not conscious of the sojourns of its ‘other’ counterparts in the ‘parallel’ due to the quantum nature of consciousness and its highly indiscernible extent of ‘darkening’ period by our senses. Finally, it is suggested that humanity needs to appreciate that the best strategy, intent, or mission for life regarding experiential endeavors within a single dimensional of time and space, would be to resort to intuition and by keeping closely in touch with our HIGHERSELF, as the guide and the pilot of our overall vessel of existence. And, this is spearheaded through our most complex neural organ, which is heart, and may be accomplished through our gift of intuition that is best rewarded through meditation and self-reflection. This way, the chaotic binary responses of our physical consciousness driven by our physical brain are quietened, and in contrast, the activities of our sub-conscious mind are accentuated.

An Overview of the Mechanics of Creation of the Cosmos that may be regarded as the body of an Omnipotent, Omniscient, Omnipresent SOURCE (commonly referred to as "God") as a fountain of pure consciousness energy, and us as humans thriving within it, has been presented. This view may be construed as being the basis for the THEORY OF EVERYTHING, which explores the nature of our origin, the essence of our being, and the reality of our existence, which is that of a solar organic consciousness being. It is explicated that everything emanates from Light comprised of a resultant of an electric and a magnetic field with 'expansive' and 'contractive' nature, respectively, that gives everything a torsional vibrational characteristic defining the nature of God's energetic existence. And, we may be interpreted as offspring of this God-SOURCE who represent ITS self-similar fractilized holographic constituents carrying a minute portion of ITS fundamental quanta or units of consciousness energy. In this respect, as solar organic consciousness beings, we are privy to freely receive this consciousness energy that comes to us via an open loop of energy with the only caveat that we must remain connected to the God-SOURCE. Thus, we are also comprised of 'units' referred to as quanta of energy that have the propensity of quantum spin that gives rise to the advent of 'time' and us as sentient beings being privy to 'sense' the progression of time. In this respect, the velocity of quantum spin referred to as 'frequency' quantifies and characterizes the extent of energy. Furthermore, through an incredibly ORDERED and crystalline dissemination of energy, these

Spirit, Power and Axis of everything, in our mortal eyes there is Emptiness: for the truly complete in these empty ones is empty. The Moon, the Axis of everything in our world, is therefore empty for them, and SHOULD BE empty. // Дух, Сила и Ось всего, в смертных очах — Пустота: ибо истинно полное в них, пустых, пусто. Луна, Ось всего в нашем мире, для них посему и пуста, и ДОЛЖНА БЫТЬ пустой.

Modern physics is based on two paradigms that emerged from the Second Scientific Revolution - relativity and the quantum. Since their inception these two theoretical giants have advanced science and society far beyond anything that their originators could have even dreamed up, but in a sense they seem to be progressing in different directions and are regarded mutually incompatible. Yet they come to a point in history where the next step in their own advancement would be to unify into a single overwhelming physical paradigm. The concept of unification is well known in relativity theory with many attempts dating from just a few short years after Einstein first developed relativity. But the hyperspace unification that seems to have originated with Kaluza in 1921 and was modified by Klein a few years later has become the best known attempt. This book has two parts. The first, Hyperspace, deals with the original Kaluza theory in all of its aspects and incarnations up until the 1960s. After the 1960s the idea of unification was adopted by quantum theoreticians based on their belief that the quantum is more fundamental than relative space-time. However, since the 1980s Klein’s adaptation of Kaluza’s theory has been used to unify physics under the quantum banner as has the purely quantum theory Standard Model. Yet both of these quantum attempts have fundamental problems that can only be solved by returning to Kaluza’s original theory as modified by Einstein and Bergmann in the 1930s. So the second part of the book, Continuum, tells the rest of the story and offers a new theory, a five-dimensional single field theory, the merges the best of both paradigms together. By merging the two paradigms instead of replacing one by the other, single field theory preserves all of the many successes of both theories. This is the book that every physicist, physical scientist and non-professional science advocate should read and every theoretical physicist and physics students must read.

Attempt is made to shed more Light on the concept of conjugatemirrored space-time dimensions by being able to better visualize them, as these dimensions are stealth to one another and one represents the ethereal aspect of the other. This was inspired by a question posed by a soul-seeker and a spiritual scholar who had a problem comprehending or visualizing them.

A fundamental asymmetry currently exists between the Einstein-Minkowski definition of a single unified spacetime and the separation of space and time variables required by wave theory. The source of this asymmetry is traced back to Einstein's definition of time dilation which, by following the 'world line' of a discrete material particle, not only contravenes Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle but also the more general condition that time-frequency measurement must be carried out at a single rest point in space relative to each inertial system. Redefining space-time accordingly, the space and time axes for "moving"  systems, expressed in the coordinates of the "stationary" system, become identical to the phase and group velocities of spherical standing waves. By recognising that Einstein's "array" of synchronised clocks, and the Michelson-Morely experiment upon which it was based, has all of the salient features of equal and opposite standing waves, the Lorentz Transformation Equations can then be directly deduced as the wave arguments of these standing wave motions when transformed to other systems of coordinates. Only under this definition can the principle of relativity be upheld. Assigning the proper frame to the observer has the effect of inverting time dilation while leaving the mathematical structure essentially in tact; the standard time-like, space-like and light-like interpretations of the Minkowski interval, for example, find their most natural expression depending upon whether we are measuring frequency, wavelength, or the wavefront of an electromagnetic wave. Inasmuch as energy-momentum depend upon frequency-wavelength, then the equivalence of mass and energy still holds under this interpretation. However, this is no mere trivial change in our `point of view'. Time is now proportional to and transformed together with length, which was always a fundamental condition of wave theory. Since the array of clocks have been synchronised via light waves of universal speed c according to Einstein's second principle, then this leads to a satisfactory definition of time "in general". Reviewing some of the experimental evidence or arguments that are usually cited in defence of time dilation - the Transverse Doppler Effect, the Twins Paradox and acceleration - it is shown that they can and must be reinterpreted in terms of time contraction if the equations are to remain consistent. The empirical evidence obtained by Ives-Stillwel, Hafele-Keating et al. merely proved the existence of a Transverse Doppler Effect, which is here identified with time contraction; the "stationary"  clocks, now defined as objective wave motions, have been contracted with respect to clocks in relative motion and not dilated inversely. Since the empirical predictions are precisely the same as the conventional interpretation - it is the "stationary" clock's that are running fast -  then it becomes a clear case of affirming the consequent. Hence, all of this implies that our sense of space and time, and perhaps even our biological apparatus used in sensory perception, evolved from our experience of observable wave phenomena and not  post hoc from the rods and clocks of our own making. As a final consideration,  if we generalise this Minkowski metric for curved space-time, then the motion of quantum wave-particles under the influence of gravity should follow as a matter of course.

Special Relativity Theory (SRT) has two postulates, one stating that the laws of physics are the same for all observers, and the other stating that the speed of light is the constant 186,000 miles per second, regardless of any reference frames. As a result of these postulates, SRT renders predictions such as: 1) No object can travel faster than 186,000 miles per second (the speed of light itself); 2) On approaching the speed of light, a moving object contracts in length in the direction of motion, while 3) a clock traveling with the object slows down; 4) The mass of an object multiplied by the square of the speed of light gives energy ( E mc 2 ); i.e., mass could be converted to energy and vice versa; 5) Observers do not agree on the simultaneity of eventstwo events that are simultaneous for one observer might not be simultaneous for another.

A brief explanation of the development of the continuous concept of matter, as represented by the general theory of relativity and the unified field theory, is offered, as opposed to the discrete theory of matter represented by quantum mechanics which has been normally interpreted by the Copenhagen School. Throughout the modern development of these two concepts - the discrete and continuous aspects of nature - the thread of wave/particle duality is intimately woven. Yet they do not seem to be compatible. Wave/particle duality is a unifying concept while the debate over the discrete and continuous natures of matter is anything but unifying. In spite of the overwhelming presence of the discrete-continuity debate in physics, wave/particle duality remains important because the concept is an honest attempt to bring these two opposing views together as one universal concept. It seems strange that the physics community can allow this vast discrepancy in basic notions of nature to exist and persist, but it does so in spite of all attempts to describe nature within the context of either one or the other of these seemingly incompatible concepts. This paper was written well before the Standard Particle Model became the dominant theory of the quantum. Yet, paradoxically, parts of this argument have become ever more relevant because of the dominance of the Standard Model, which is supposedly a unifying theory, but seems to stress the differences between discrete and continuous rather than attempt to either unify them or demonstrate their physical compatibility in any manner.

A theory of everything , or, grand unified theory (which Einstein had been working on without success, with Superstring Theory now being a good candidate), is one which unites all the forces of nature, viz., gravity, electromagnetism, the strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force. Important as this theory might be, it is
lacking in one important fundamental aspect, viz., the role of consciousness, which could in fact be considered the most fundamental aspect of physics. This paper explains that a theory of consciousness is more important than a theory of everything or grand unified theory and should be the theory of everything instead, or, at least, a part of the theory of everything.

Il substrato universale, la fabbrica dello spaziotempo, contiene correnti ben più complesse delle onde gravitazionali trasversali teorizzate da Einstein. Qui offriamo alcune considerazioni su queste dinamiche longitudinali alla luce delle rilevazioni di LIGO del 2016.

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This paper discusses the conceivability of Time Travel based on the mind-blowing discoveries made in Quantum Mechanics over the past 120 years. To accomplish this efficiently, the author initially elucidates the pertinent discoveries made by physicists working in Quantum Theory, to assist the reader in understanding the innovative precepts and concepts redefining the significance of Consciousness, Time and Space, as well as Time Travel and Retrocausality.

It would seem to many physicists that the unification of physics within a single paradigmatic theory has been the primary goal in science for only the past few decades, but this would not be true.  Unification was the original goal of Einstein and a few other physicists from the 1920s to the 1960s, before quantum theorists began to think in terms of unification. However, both approaches are basically flawed because they are individually incomplete as they now stand. Had either side of the controversy just simplified their worldview and sought commonality between the two, unification would have been accomplished long ago. The point is, literally, that the discrete quantum, continuous relativity, basic physical geometry and classical physics all share one common characteristic – a paradoxical duality between a dimensionless point and an extended length in any dimension – and if the problem of unification is approached from an understanding of how this problem relates to each paradigm all of physics could be unified under a single new theoretical paradigm.

The d'Alembertian standing wave model of special relativity is extended to include accelerating observers. It is shown that the standard approach of Rindler and other associated spatial coordinates are incomplete and that a complementary temporal approach is also required. Applying these coordinates to the phase term leads to a set of Doppler transformation equations for accelerated observers. By applying Einstein's energy-frequency relation, an accelerating force and potential energy are obtained. This leads to a relativistic Hamiltonian and Lagrangian, together with a new metric, the analysis of which should act as a natural bridge between quantum mechanics and general relativity. However, substitution of a central force and inverse square law will naturally lead to a completely new wave theory of gravity, one in which the Schwarzschild radius and time transformation of the corresponding metric are deduced independently as a matter of course. Plotting the results shows that elliptical orbits are produced as diffraction patterns of standing waves in the presence of a massive body. The traditional metric associated with accelerated observers in special relativity is reinterpreted as a mapping from inertial coordinates which acts like a reference grid of background radiation. This implies that gravity itself might find a causal explanation as the modulated envelopes generated by standing waves of matter, now identified with space and time.

Why, despite all efforts to the contrary, have attempts at unification based on the supposedly more fundamental quantum theory failed miserably? The truth is that the essential idea or concept of the quantum itself has never been fully understood. What is the quantum, or rather, what is its ultimate nature? Science may be able to work adequately with the quantum; in a sense science is quite articulate in the language of the quantum, i.e., its mathematical interpretation of the quantum mechanics, but science has no idea of the true physical nature of the quantum. Scientists and philosophers have wasted energy and efforts on irrelevant issues such as the debate over determinism and indeterminism instead of carefully analyzing the physical source of the quantum. Only with a true understanding of the physical nature of the quantum will the unification of the quantum and relativity ever become a reality.

Keywords: Quantum, change, unification, space-time, relativity, hidden variables, five-dimensional, Einstein, Kaluza, Clifford

According to undulatory mechanics, the Compton periodicity, which is the intrinsic proper-time recurrence of a wave function, determines the mass of the corresponding elementary particles.  This provides a geometric description of the rest mass which can be consistently applied to derive the effective mass spectrum and electronic properties of the elementary charge carriers in carbon nanotubes and other condensed matter systems. The Compton periodicity is determined by the boundary conditions associated to the curled-up dimension of carbon nanotubes or analogous constraints of the charge carrier wave function. This approach shows an interesting interplay between particle physics and relativistic space-time, as well as analogies with the Kaluza-Klein theory and Holography.

This work examines a question of a true place of Moon in the whole Universe. Meanwhile the contemporary atheistic per se science considers it as a lifeless Earth adjunct it is actually an axis of the Universe and the throne of God. Being thought as a corpse the Moon is the Life itself. 

Conceptual footholds of the Theory

1. The Subject of the Unified Field Theory is the World (Universe), God’s Creation. It is a Womb of all living, their Wide and the Way to God.
2. God is the Love, Strength of strength; World is this Power as Fetus.
3. The World is Omnes, Absoluteness; this world is relativeness: the clay as the shadow of this Fire, Eternity.
4. The Einstein’s mistake in the attempt to create World Theory is that he created the theory of this world, shadow without the Fire as a moonless darkness.
5. Unity of this world and Other world is given to us by their bracing, the Moon as a face of Creator in this world. The visible world is a wheel on the Axis, Moon; the Axis of the whole World is God.
6. People of the World are intelligent by God Anthropes of this world and Other world as their series, united by the Мoon; the human of the Earth is its part.
7. The World without the God is acephality as viewable by contemporary science; the whole World is the Mystery now. Only the Word, the vessel of both, will reveal it to us. The Cognition is the Love: Word of words, Catcher of souls; the human is lives by it.

*  *  *

СОЗДАНЬЕ ЕДИНОЙ ТЕОРИИ ПОЛЯ — ВОЗВРАТ ДВУХ ЗАБЫТЫХ ЛЮДЬМИ И НАУКОЮ ИХ: ДУШАМ — БОГА, ОЧАМ НАШИМ БРЕННЫМ — ЛУНЫ. В ТОМ РАБОТА МОЯ.

Речь в книге — об истинном месте Луны во Вселенной. В то время как нынешней, Бога не чтящей науке Луна мертвый пленник Земли, людям древним она — мира Ось и Господний престол; трупом мнима, на деле Луна — Жизнь сама.

Проблема созданья Теории Мира, Всего — дух мирской, царь умов в наши дни: зло — не Благо, не Знанье — невежество. Скверный побег не дает добрый плод, лживый рот не щедр Истиной. То — мир сей ныне. Бог, Мира Творец, чтим им праздным глаголом; наука ж его, млат прогресса, не зрит Бога вовсе.

Слуг Розни с моралью двойной звал Христос «ф|АРИС|еи». Науки бессутней творец АРИС|тотель — злой ÁРЕС, АРÉС|т душ — был им: чтивший Бога в речах, он отсек Главу эту от глаз, взяв опорой Всему зримый мир — часть без Целого, бренье без Вечности. Сущая на сем фундаменте как пустоте, дуб без Корня, наука мертва, с тем — бессильна явить Мир нам, чье Колесо в розни с Осью, Творцом, не вертúтся — и, мертвое, тайно для нас. Тайной было оно с тем Эйнштейну: прозреть Абсолютность — Мир Вечность — не смог он, зря лишь относительность: бренный сей мир, Мира тень.

Зная то, Миру я возвращаю Творца: Колесу — Ось его. То — возврат очей от Сатаны, Розни, к Богу, Единому, от Аристотеля — к корню без порчи, Платону, целящий в очах горний ток — реку Знанья разъятую. Столп ее цельной — Луна, Ось очей и трон Бога. Мнясь мертвым придатком Земли, в очах горних она — Мать ее: САТ|еллит как SAT, Истина (санскр.), сущих Жизнь. Бренных глаз дыра, в вечных Луна — Огнь-Любовь, главный нам, точка сборки Всего: в небе — Центр его, в оке — зрачок. Знать Луну, Корень, нам — ведать всё.

Жизнь — Вселенная, Мир: Божье Целое как Состав наш, Корень древ сущих, капль Океан. В своем «Логико-философском трактате» Людвиг Витгенштейн говорит о Вселенной и языке людей, данном им Богом к Познанью, как паре единых, в которой логическая структура языка тождественна онтологической структуре Мира. С тем, Речь — видность Мира и Мир сам: от Бога, Истока, Река, Суть РЕКУ|щих; из Мира составлены, Речью составлены мы. О том сказано: «Смерть и жизнь — во власти языка, и любящие его вкусят от плодов его» (Прит. 18:21).

В речи — Мир, Предмет главный наш; речь — и есть Мир. С тем, попытки созданья Единой теории Поля — Вселенной, Простора очей и Стези душ к Творцу — тщетны в физике, знании т|РУП|ном: Природе, безглавой трудом Аристотеля, форме (санскр. РУП|а) бессутней. Теории сей Оплот — Речь: Мир в устах, Полнота.

Опорные пункты Теории

1. Единой теории Поля Предмет — Мир (Вселенная), Бога Дитя: Лоно сущих, Простор их и к Богу Стезя.
2. Бог — Любовь, Сила сил сущих; Мир — Сила эта как Плод.
3. Мир есть Всё, Абсолютность; мир сей — относительность:  бренье как Вечности — Мира, Огня — тень.
4. Ошибка Эйнштейна: Теорию Мира взыскуя, явил он труд мира сего: без Огня тени как тьмы безлунной.
5. Единство Сего и Того, Мир, дано нам их скрепой, Луною как ликом Творца в мире сем. Зримый мир — колесо на Оси, Луне; Ось Мира полного — Бог.
6. Люди Мира — разумные Богом Антропы Сего и Того как ряд их, Луной цельный; Земли человек — часть его.
7. Мир без Бога, науки дней новых кумир — безголов; цельный Мир — ныне Тайна. Лишь Слово, сосуд Всего, явит его нам. Познанье — Любовь: С|ЛОВ|о слов, душ LOV|E’ц, коим жив че’LOVE’к.

This work proposes a mathematical model about how a reaction is created in the human brain in response to a particular incoming Information/Event using quantum mechanics and more precisely path integrals theory. The set of action potentials created in a particular neuron N2 is a result of temporal and spatial summation of the signals coming from different neighboring neurons Nx with different dendrite-paths. Each dendrite-path of N2 is assumed to be determined by its respective synapse with its neurotransmitters and assumed to have an action S due to the neurotransmitter types (for example: excitatory or inhibitory). An external incoming signal information being initially modulated by receptor neurons (in eyes, ears...) travels through the neighboring neurons that are linked to the excited receptor neurons. A potential reaction responses are subsequently created thanks to a final deformed signal in the motor neurons by all the correlated neural paths. The total deformation at each neuron is created by different incoming dendrite-paths and their structures (inhibitory or excitatory neurotransmitters and their type), and of course the existence or not of the signal and its frequency coming from each path. Using path Integrals theory, we compute the probability of existence of the signal-Information or the potential reaction to the incoming information at each neuron. In this paper we also compute how much the signal-Information has been distorted between two neighboring linked neural points including if it arrives or not to the neighboring neurons. We propose an Information entropy similar to Shannon one and we demonstrate that this entropy is equivalent to timespace curvature in the Brain.

We investigate the thermodynamical properties of quantum fields in curved spacetime. Our approach is to consider quantum fields in curved spacetime as a quantum system undergoing an out-of-equilibrium transformation. The non-equilibrium features are studied by using a formalism which has been developed to derive fluctuation relations and emergent irreversible features beyond the linear response regime. We apply these ideas to an expanding universe scenario, therefore avoiding assumptions on the relation between entropy and quantum matter. We provide a fluctuation theorem which allows us to understand particle production due to the expansion of the universe as an entropic increase. Our results pave the way towards a different understanding of the thermodynamics of relativistic and quantum systems in our universe.

“In Ferent Quantum Gravity theory the volume of the supermassive Black Hole from the center of our galaxy is 10^(-80) m^3”
Adrian Ferent

“Human can Not travel through the Black Hole with the volume V = 10^(-80) m^3 from the center of our galaxy”
Adrian Ferent

“Because the Black Hole from the center of our galaxy has the volume V = 10^(-80) m^3, the theories of Juan Maldacena, J. L. Blázquez-Salcedo, Carl P. Feinberg and Alexey Milekhin are wrong theories”
Adrian Ferent

“Human can Not travel through a wormhole”
Adrian Ferent

“Human can Not travel through a wormhole because the Black Holes have a very small volume, smaller than an atom”
Adrian Ferent

We give an interpretation of the temperature in de Sitter universe in terms of a dynamical Unruh effect associated with the Hubble sphere. As with the quantum noise perceived by a uniformly accelerated observer in static spacetimes, observers endowed with a proper motion can in principle detect the effect. In particular, we study a "Kodama observer" as a two-field Unruh detector for which we show the effect is approximately thermal. We also estimate the back-reaction of the emitted radiation and find trajectories associated with the Kodama vector field are stable.

The problem of creation of Unitary Field theory, or the Theory of Everything, which the Einstein was so eager to solve by means of physics, remained unsolved since it is solvable only by means of the Word: because the Word, according to Bible — is the God and «the God has»: Universe, His Child. This particular solution is given by the linguistic work about the Existing, offered by me to you and based on the Pressing method, the founder of which is Dionysus (Bacchus) — the ancient's god of the Word, Moon and Wine. // Познать Мир, Божий Храм - есть познать Слово нам. Слово - это Луна.

Renormalization is one of the deepest ideas in physics, yet its exact implementation in any interesting problem is usually very hard. In the present work, following the approach by Glazek and Maslowski in the flat space, we will study the exact renormalization of the same problem in a nontrivial geometric setting, namely in the two dimensional hyperbolic space. Delta function potential is an asymptotically free quantum mechanical problem which makes it resemble non-abelian gauge theories, yet it can be treated exactly in this nontrivial geometry.

The following paper is purely hypothetical in nature in that it is based on pure hypothesis and mathematical physics. The effect of Mach’s principle on the quantum regime has been studied especially with reference to the quantum mechanical vacuum and the Hawking radiation. A new concept of history dependent “energy reservoir” has been introduced as a consequence of Mach’s principle and associated with every free quantum particle-antiparticle pairs, based on Feynman’s idea of sum over histories of a particle and application of Mach’s principle to the quantum regime. A new H-field-anti-H-field has been associated with this reservoir that is shown to have a repulsive gravitational effect. It is in principal possible that these fields constructs a wormhole in spacetime taken as a (non-)classical one. This is in accord with the fact that wormholes cannot be constructed by classical means for all observable matter with positive energy. The large distance traversed by a particle in curved ...

The out-of-time-ordered correlation (OTOC) function is an important new probe in quantum field theory which is treated as a significant measure of random quantum correlations. In this paper, using for the first time the slogan “Cosmology meets Condensed Matter Physics”, we demonstrate a formalism to compute the Cosmological OTOC during the stochastic particle production during inflation and reheating following the canonical quantization technique. In this computation, two dynamical time scales are involved—out of them, at one time scale, the cosmological perturbation variable, and for the other, the canonically conjugate momentum, is defined, which is the strict requirement to define the time scale-separated quantum operators for OTOC and is perfectly consistent with the general definition of OTOC. Most importantly, using the present formalism, not only one can study the quantum correlation during stochastic inflation and reheating, but can also study quantum correlation for any random events in Cosmology. We have studied the possibility of having three different types of correlators, which quantifies the random quantum correlation function out-of-equilibrium. We have also studied the classical limit of the OTOC and checked the consistency with the large time limiting behaviour of the correlation. Finally, we prove that the normalized version of OTOC is completely independent of the choice of the preferred definition of the cosmological perturbation variable.

This paper proposes a set of relatively new conjectures and hypotheses in modern physics, mainly concept of subquantum movement (SQM), the finite “elasticity” of (charged/neutral) spacetime hypothesis (FESTH) (a unifying concept which may bring under the “same umbrella” both Einstein’s General relativity [EGR] and Quantum Field Theory [QFT]), the self-repulsiveness of electromagnetic charge (SR-EMC) and the gravitational significance (GS) of the fine structure constant (GS-FSC): each conjecture (or hypothesis) in part is based on at least one observation and generates some interesting predictions. This paper continues (from alternative angles of view!) the work of other past articles/preprints of the same author.
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The following paper is purely hypothetical in nature in that it is based on pure hypothesis and mathematical physics. The effect of Mach's principle on the quantum regime has been studied especially with reference to the quantum mechanical vacuum and the Hawking radiation. A new concept of history dependent " energy reservoir " has been introduced as a consequence of Mach's principle and associated with every free quantum particle-antiparticle pairs, based on Feynman's idea of sum over histories of a particle and application of Mach's principle to the quantum regime. A new H-field-anti-H-field has been associated with this reservoir that is shown to have a repulsive gravitational effect. It is in principal possible that these fields constructs a wormhole in spacetime taken as a (non-)classical one. This is in accord with the fact that wormholes cannot be constructed by classical means for all observable matter with positive energy. The large distance traversed by a particle in curved space in a very short time scale has been treated as a barrier penetration problem. The tunnel effect is produced by the associated H-field via the wormhole mechanism. An expression has been derived for the transmission coefficient for the potential (distance) barrier. The time scale of travel from one event situated k

We investigate the thermodynamical properties of quantum fields in curved spacetime. Our approach is to consider quantum fields in curved spacetime as a quantum system undergoing an out-of-equilibrium transformation. The non-equilibrium features are studied by using a formalism which has been developed to derive fluctuation relations and emergent irreversible features beyond the linear response regime. We apply these ideas to an expanding universe scenario, therefore avoiding assumptions on the relation between entropy and quantum matter. We provide a fluctuation theorem which allows us to understand particle production due to the expansion of the universe as an entropic increase. Our results pave the way towards a different understanding of the thermodynamics of relativistic and quantum systems in our universe.

The analogy of space-time is not casual but causal: the condensed matter has the function of contrasting the instantaneous entanglement of Consciousness = space / time = infinite present is the true inertial reference system of everything on everything and the recurrence of space-time in the analog clock it is only the consequence of our sub-dimensional condition.  Like the sphere that crosses the plane in Abbott's Flatland.

Analog clock

The three paradoxes of the analog clock

An American friend, Andrew Kaplan, made me think of the analog clock, the classic one that all of us seniors know how to read.  It seems that young Americans don't know
read the time if they do not have a digital clock, the one that describes the hours, minutes and seconds, with easy-to-read numbers.  From the number, we automatically pass to the notion of time.

For us elderly people, however, mental processes are necessary to calculate the time complexes, without which you don't know what time it is.

But how does the analog clock work?

I copy this nice description from Deb Olin Unferth's article: How Analog Clocks Can Give Us More by Giving Us Less, published in The New York Times Magazine "The analog watch, with its ring of numbers from 1 to 12 around a circumference, has two" hands ", one short, one long, fixed in the center and facing outwards, which rotate with the force of a tiny mechanical engine.

The confusion arises in these little hands. The shortest is simple: any number it points to is the hour.  If it indicates 1, it is one o'clock.  The longer hand is more complicated.  When it indicates 1, it means 5, as in five minutes.  The 2 means 10 and so on.  The delightful key to the puzzle is that the numbers on the clock face
represent more than one value at the same time. "

Deb Olin Unferth's essay goes into interesting thoughts that start from the description of the analog clock, and it's worth reading.

But a kabbalist like Leon takes his cue from the analog clock to say that it has a lot more to teach us than just now. First of all, the analog clock describes the continuity of the passage of time. You can observe the hands closely, but you will not be able to distinguish their infinitesimals

L'analogia dello spazio tempo non è casuale ma causale: la materia condensata ha la funzione di contrastare l’entanglement istantaneo della Coscienza = spazio/tempo = infinito presente  è il vero sistema inerziale di riferimento del tutto su tutto e la ricorrenza dello spazio tempo nell’orologio analogico è solo la conseguenza della nostra condizione sub dimensionale. Come la sfera che attraversa il piano nella Flatlandia di Abbott.

Orologio analogico

I tre paradossi dell orologio analogico
Un amico Americano, Andrew Kaplan, mi ha fatto pensare all’orologio analogico, quello classico che tutti noi anziani sappiamo leggere. Pare che i giovani americani non sappiano
leggere l’ora se non hanno un orologio digitale, quello che descrive le ore, i minuti e i secondi, con numeri facili da leggere. Dal numero, si passa automaticamente alla nozione del tempo.

Per noi anziani invece, per calcolare l’ora sono necessari dei processi mentali
complessi, senza i quali non si sa che ora è.

Ma come funziona l’orologio analogico?

Copio questa bella descrizione dall’articolo di Deb Olin Unferth: How Analog Clocks Can Give
Us More by Giving Us Less, pubblicato sul The New York Times Magazine
“L'orologio analogico, con il suo anello di numeri da 1 a 12 attorno a una circonferenza, ha due “lancette”, una corta, una lunga, fissate al centro e rivolte verso l'esterno, che ruotano con la forza di un minuscolo motore meccanico.

La confusione deriva in queste piccole lancette. La più corta è semplice: qualsiasi numero a cui punta è l'ora. Se indica 1, è l'una. La mano più lunga è più complicata. Quando indica 1, significa 5, come in cinque minuti. Il 2 significa 10 e così via. La chiave deliziosa del puzzle è che i numeri sul quadrante dell'orologio
rappresentano più di un valore contemporaneamente.”

Il saggio di Deb Olin Unferth si dilunga in interessanti pensieri che partono dalla descrizione
dell’orologio analogico, e vale la pena leggerlo.

Ma un cabalista come Leon trae lo spunto dall’orologio analogico per dire che esso ha molto
più da insegnarci della semplice ora.
Prima di tutto l’orologio analogico descrive la continuità dello scorrere del tempo.
Potete osservare le lancette attentamente, ma non riuscirete a distinguere i loro infinitesimi

For the two-point distribution of a quasi-free Klein-Gordon neutral scalar quantum field on an arbitrary four dimensional globally hyperbolic curved space-time we prove the equivalence of (1) the global Hadamard condition, (2) the property that the Feynman propagator is a distinguished parametrix in the sense of Duistermaat and Hörmander, and (3) a new property referred to as the wave front set spectral condition (WFSSC), because it is reminiscent of the spectral condition in axiomatic quantum field theory on Minkowski space. Results in micro-local analysis such as the propagation of singularities theorem and the uniqueness up to C ∞ of distinguished parametrices are employed in the proof. We include a review of Kay and Wald's rigorous definition of the global Hadamard condition and the theory of distinguished parametrices, specializing to the case of the Klein-Gordon operator on a globally hyperbolic space-time. As an alternative to a recent computation of the wave front set of a globally Hadamard two-point distribution on a globally hyperbolic curved space-time, given elsewhere by Köhler (to correct an incomplete computation in [34]), we present a version of this computation that does not use a deformation argument such as that used in Fulling, Narcowich and Wald and is independent of the Cauchy evolution argument of Fulling, Sweeny and Wald (both of which are relied upon in Köhler's proof). This leads to a simple micro-local proof of the preservation of Hadamard form under Cauchy evolution (first shown by Fulling, Sweeny and Wald) relying only on the propagation of singularities theorem. In another paper [33], the equivalence theorem is used to prove a conjecture by Kay that a locally Hadamard quasi-free Klein-Gordon state on any globally hyperbolic curved space-time must be globally Hadamard.

The equation of how energy times the speed of light equals the appearance of mass does that mean all mass is going at speed of light or the square of light? Short of your nose what you "really" know about things you and almost every Neandertal talk about?! E/M=C2: if you put it this way you will probably answer your question by yourself:)

Special Relativity Theory (SRT) has two postulates, one stating that the laws of physics are the same for all observers, and the other stating that the speed of light is the constant 186,000 miles per second, regardless of any reference frames. As a result of these postulates, SRT renders predictions such as: 1) No object can travel faster than 186,000 miles per second (the speed of light itself); 2) On approaching the speed of light, a moving object contracts in length in the direction of motion, while 3) a clock traveling with the object slows down; 4) The mass of an object multiplied by the square of the speed of light gives energy (E mc 2); i.e., mass could be converted to energy and vice versa; 5) Observers do not agree on the simultaneity of eventstwo events that are simultaneous for one observer might not be simultaneous for another. There are evident inconsistencies among these predictions. There is also a philosophical problem relating to the nature of reality. Could there be more than one reality in Nature; that is, can reality be subjective, and only a matter of interpretation? This paper explores the evident inconsistencies and the philosophical problem by developing arguments and providing numerical examples.

We investigate the thermodynamical properties of quantum fields in curved spacetime. Our approach is to consider quantum fields in curved spacetime as a quantum system undergoing an out-of-equilibrium transformation. The non-equilibrium features are studied by using a formalism which has been developed to derive fluctuation relations and emergent irreversible features beyond the linear response regime. We apply these ideas to an expanding universe scenario, therefore avoiding assumptions on the relation between entropy and quantum matter. We provide a fluctuation theorem which allows us to understand particle production due to the expansion of the universe as an entropic increase. Our results pave the way towards a different understanding of the thermodynamics of relativistic and quantum systems in our universe.

This short paper proposes a conjectured identity between matter (both fermionic and bosonic matter/radiation) and spacetime curvature (STC) based on subquantum movement (SQM) explaining both inertial and gravitational masses and their equivalence/equality.
This paper continues (from alternative angles of view) the work of other past articles/preprints of the same author.
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We are not in the original universe where the big bang exploded. We are in an echo of that universe. When the big bang exploded, it was so powerful, that it erupted into and across multiple universes. Proof of this, is not in what we can see, but in what we can't see. Some matter from the original universe had enough quantum energy from the explosion to pass into our universe. This baryonic matter assumes a quantum state, existing completely in both the original universe and in our universe simultaneously. However, although some matter did have enough energy to pass into our universe, some matter did not have enough total energy to be completely in our universe and in the original universe simultaneously as baryonic matter. This quasi state of matter exhibits odd physiological characteristics seemingly contradictory to Newtonian physics. This matter would not absorb light nor emit light but retain mass and gravitational forces. Dark matter is this matter. Dark matter is matter divided between more than one universe not completely in either. Dark matter will not absorb light nor emit light because it is both here and not here. Any particles dark matter possesses will be only fractions of complete particles. Because we are not in the same universe where the big bang originally occurred, is also why the fabric of spacetime observationally defies Newtonian physics, by seeming to be strong enough to hold a planet, but passive enough with empty space where spaceships and satellites can travel. The fabric of spacetime like dark matter is in a quasi-state, both here and not here as to why we can still measure its Newtonian effects using general relativity.

In this work, we study the phenomena of quantum entanglement by computing de Sitter entanglement entropy from Von Newmann measure. For this purpose, we consider a bipartite quantum field theoretic setup in presence of axion originating from Type II B string theory. We consider the initial vacuum to be CPT invariant non-adiabatic alpha vacua state under SO(1,4) ismometry, which is characterized by a real one-parameter family. To implement this technique we use a $S^2$ which divide the de Sitter into two exterior and interior sub-regions. First, we derive the wave function of axion in an open chart for alpha vacua by applying Bogoliubov transformation on the solution for Bunch-Davies vacuum state. Further, we quantify the density matrix by tracing over the contribution from the exterior region. Using this result we derive entanglement entropy, Renyi entropy and explain the long-range quantum effects in primordial cosmological correlations by computing mean square vacuum fluctuations. Compared to the usual approach followed in (primordial) cosmology here we use most elegant and technically correct methods to compute the expression for the power spectrum of vacuum fluctuation.  For this computation, we consider two causally separated region ({\bf L} and {\bf R}) in open hyperbolic chart of the de Sitter space-time. We start our analysis with three approaches -1. field operator expansion (FOE) technique with the quantum entangled state, 2. reduced density matrix (RDM) formalism with mixed quantum state and 3. non-entangled state (NES) method. For FOE and RDM we are tracing out the physical information from of one of the regions ({\bf R} ) and for NES we consider the Hilbert space is only described by region {\bf L} in de Sitter hyperbolic open chart. For massless ($\nu=3/2$) axion field we get the exact scale invariant feature of the power spectrum on small scale from this three formalism at the leading order which is consistent with the finding of the observational probes for early universe cosmology. Additionally, we due to quantum entanglement we get different quantum correction terms in the power spectrum for these thee formalisms at the next to leading order. Such correction terms serve the purpose of the breaking of degeneracy among the outcomes of the FOE, RDM and NES formalisms in the superhorizon limit.  On the other hand, for massive ($\nu\neq 3/2$) axion filed we get a slight deviation from scale invariance and exactly quantify the spectral tilt of the power spectrum in small scales. Apart from that, for massless ($\nu=3/2$) and massive ($\nu=3/2$) axion field, we find distinguishable features of the power spectrum for the FOE, RDM, and NES on the large scales, which is the outcome of quantum entanglement. We also find that such large-scale effects are comparable to or greater than the curvature radius of de Sitter space. We also provide a comparison between the results obtained from Bunch-Davies vacuum and the generalized-alpha vacua, which implies that the amount of quantum entanglement and the long-range effects are larger for non zero value of the parameter alpha. Most significantly, our derived results for alpha vacua provides the necessary condition for generating non zero entanglement entropy in primordial cosmology.

In this work, we study the phenomena of quantum entanglement by computing de Sitter entanglement entropy from Von Newmann measure. For this purpose we consider a bipartite quantum field theoretic setup in presence of axion originating from Type IIB string theory. We consider the initial vaccum to be CPT invariant non adiabatic α vacua state under SO(1, 4) ismometry, which is characterized by a real one parameter family. To implement this technique we use a S 2 which divide the de Sitter into two exterior and interior sub regions. First we derive the wave function of axion in an open chart for α vacua by applying Bogoliubov transformation on the solution for Bunch Davies vacuum state. Further we quantify the density matrix by tracing over the contribution from exterior region. Using this result we derive entanglement entropy, Rényi entropy and explain the long range quantum effects in primordial cosmological correlations. We also provide a comparison between the results obtained from Bunch Davies vacuum and the generalized α vacua, which implies that the amount of quantum entanglement and the long range effects are larger for non zero value of the parameter α. Most significantly, our derived results for α vacua provides the necessary condition for generating non zero entanglement entropy in primordial cosmology.

In this paper, we have worked on the possibility of setting up an Bell's inequality violating experiment in the context of primordial cosmology following the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. To set up this proposal we have introduced a model independent theoretical framework using which we have studied the creation of new massive particles for the scalar fluctuations in the presence of additional time dependent mass parameter. Next we explicitly computed the one point and two point correlation functions from this setup. Then we comment on the measurement techniques of isospin breaking interactions of newly introduced massive particles and its further prospects. After that, we give an example of string theory originated axion monodromy model in this context. Finally, we provide a bound on the heavy particle mass parameter for any arbitrary spin field.