President of India

Article 52 of the Indian Constitution states that there shall a President of India. The president is the nominal head of the government, he acts on the advise of the Prime Minister (Council of Minister). The president in India is the head of the state but does not exercise executive powers. All the executive action is taken on the name of the President of India.

Peace in the mind does not suffice. It is in the action. Actions include coordination and complementation between the socioeconomic and educational diversity between the communities of the country. The differentiation in the educational fibre of the country is the indicator of peace-levels in the country. Peace is challenged by the race, caste, creed, class and dignity of man. Convergence of educational streams of the social mind and the skilltechnology may help bridge the negative social and gender divide in the country. Globalization since the post-liberalization era presents a different challenge to the Indian culture and education system. It is not internationalization, and is seeking markets and in the process enculturating consumerism and this worldliness. This is contradictory to our ancient culture of 'samaadhan' and other-worldliness. So globalization presents a huge challenge to our education system. We are bound to change our education system for balanced growth, justice to socioeconomic diversity and ultimate prevalence of all-round peace. So to pursue peace for our society we have to reconstruct our educational curriculum from the primary level to the higher and professional level. We have to come up with a learning which finds coordination between the minds and the limbs. Which also enriches outcomes by complementation between the brain and the hands. An enriched holistic learning supplanted by enculturation of respect for socio-cultural diversity, upholding human dignity, gender parity, respect for living beings and ultimate agenda of sustainable development will lead to a peace education which will hold itself in times of globalization and turbulence. Peace-education will essentially be driven by tolerance, growth-parity, sustainable development and all this on the basic platform of inter-disciplinarily.

This paper analyzes various internal determining factors of India's foreign policy. Some of these factors are relatively stable and regarded as more basic or unchangeable determinants of policy than others. But the more variable institutional factors, and even the personal role of the decision-makers, are no less important in the process of decision-making than the basic determinants. But according to circumstances the determinants vary in terms of its importance. These factors cannot be generalized on the basis of their importance. But it is certain that these factors influence the process either collectively or individually. Elements of continuity and change in a country's foreign policy can be explained with reference to the important influence of these factors and forces. As elaborated, among several determinants of foreign policy, the relevance of factors like India's geographical size, location, its historical experiences and traditions, the state of economy, the nature of political institutions and structure, and the personality of the country's leadership have played significant role in shaping the country's policy with countries in its neighbourhood and outside.

I, Dr. Kanhaiya Tripathi has a Ph. D. in 'Indian Human Rights Movement' from Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishwavidyalaya, Wardha. I have contributed at President House, New Delhi as a 'Editor to the President of India Her Excellency Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil'. During her tenure, I got an opportunity to edit books "Bharat Jagao!", "Rise India!", "Bharat Jagwa!", "Jab Main Rajyapal Thi" and "Stri Utkarsh Ki Oar" in Hindi, English and Marathi language in 16 volumes. My multifarious academic engagements are coupled with diverse pragmatic involvements that include implementing peace building focusing on women rights and indigenous peoples rights in India. Over the years, I have engaged himself with university sector dealing with conflict, event management, academic, innovation and others. I have published as sole author "

the power to enact laws has been primarily given to Parliament and State legislatures as they enjoy the mandate of the public vote in their respective territories. At the same time, to meet the extraordinary situations demanding immediate enactment of laws, the Constitution empowers the President and Governors to enact laws in the form of ordinances by virtue of Article 123 1 and Article 213 2 of the Constitution respectively. However, the said Articles expressly provide that these ordinances cannot be promulgated until two conditions have been satisfied i.e., firstly, that both the Houses of Legislature are not in session, and secondly, that he is satisfied that circumstances exist which render it necessary for him to take immediate action.

The popular idea, especially among the young, is that religion and spirituality are things of the old age. We generally think that spirituality is a post-retirement plan; something which has to be enjoyed with the gratuity, provident fund, and pension that you get after
retirement. This is not true. Spirituality is something we need when we are living the life, not just at the end of it. When you purchase a computer, a car, or a refrigerator, or some such thing, it comes with a manual. This manual tells you how to handle the equipment—this instruction is meant for those who do not know much about machines—how to operate the equipment, and so on and so forth. This manual also tells you what to do when something goes wrong; it helps us troubleshoot.

In Krishna Kumar Singh v. State of Bihar, the Supreme Court of
India (SCI) considered the legality and repercussions of a series
of re-promulgated ordinances by the Governor of Bihar. I critically analyse the judgement on four counts: conditions for valid
promulgation of an ordinance, the survival of actions under
failed ordinances, justiciability of executive satisfaction over
necessity of promulgating an ordinance, and legality of re-promulgating ordinances. I suggest that while the SCI authoritatively establishes the conditions for valid promulgation of an
ordinance, its holding on the legality of re-promulgation and
the survival of actions under failed ordinances are not adequately narrow to prevent the possibility of abuse by the executive. Further, the Court’s unwillingness to apply a more
searching standard of review for executive satisfaction when
promulgating ordinances also does little to advance its existing
jurisprudence and may prove to be unhelpful in deciding future
cases where the existence of emergent conditions is in
question.

Observed 'how and why' the BJP led NDA coalition government during Prime Minister-ship of Atal Bihari Vajpayee preferred to elevate Dr APJ Abdul Kalam to the President of India position, though he hailed from non-political background!!

Primarily published on personal blog: www.ssanthiswaroop.wordpress.com

The deadlock in Parliament has resulted in the increasing
tendency of the union government to promulgate legislation through ordinances when Parliament is not in session. While there are no substantive restrictions on the
President’s power to promulgate ordinances, given the inherently temporary nature of ordinances, the exercise of this power must be limited keeping in mind the concerns of rule of law.

Rishabh Garg, Bhopal

• He is Software Development Engineer at Google
• Rishabh holds a B. Tech. from the Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani. He is currently enrolled for Master’s in Computer Science at the Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
• Rishabh has an extensive professional background. He worked in Data Science at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), New Delhi, and as a Software Development Engineer (SDE) at ServiceNow. He also served as a Brand Partner at Cuvette.
• In 2016, Rishabh proposed the 16-digit encrypted Unified Identification Number to Prime Minister Narendra Modi. This innovation was officially registered with the National Innovation Foundation, Government of India on January 2, 2018, and now integrated into the UID-Aadhaar system as the 16-digit VID.
• Rishabh is a journal referee for top journals such as IEEE Internet of Things and Elsevier. He authored the book 'Blockchain for Real World Applications' (John Wiley & Sons), which is widely read in 172 countries and available in 50+ languages. This book is part of the curriculum in several prestigious universities, including those in the Ivy Leagues (USA), Heidelberg University (Germany), National Institutes of Technology (India), Regional Institutes of Education, etc.
• He has also written books on Self Sovereign Identities, One World-One Identity, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Internet of Things, Augmented Reality, and the Metaverse. Rishabh has also published over 40 blogs, 15 conference papers, 12 book chapters, and 06 research papers in renowned journals like IEEE Xplore and Springer Nature.
• Rishabh has contributed to over 50 international conferences on Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Cloud Computing, and Blockchain in cities like San Francisco, Toronto, London, Zurich, Dubai, Sydney, Melbourne, and New South Wales. His work has reached a global audience through 100+ platforms, including Academia.edu, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, Zenodo, and Medium, impacting over 1 million readers across 190+ countries.
• Rishabh's achievements have earned him numerous prestigious awards, including:
 Presidential Honour for Exceptional Achievements in Innovations
 CSIR Innovation Award presented by Prime Minister Narendra Modi
 International Award from Prime Minister Ola Ullsten of Sweden
 Bronze Award by the Royal Commonwealth Society, London UK
 Multiple awards from NASA, USA
 Young Scientist Award from the Ministry of Science and Technology, India
• Ranked among the top 0.1% scholars worldwide, Rishabh's cutting-edge work continues to inspire global innovation in blockchain, AI, and digital identity. His contributions have positioned him as a leading thought leader, innovator, technocrat, professional, scientist, and author in area of emerging technologies.

Ramnath Kovind  may be next Indian President. He has strong RSS affiliations which may be critical for the survival of democratic-secular India.
Respected Ramnath Kovind ji, Namaskar, I must congratulate you for being chosen as presidential candidate of the Indian Republic by BJP. It is heartening to note that you have been chosen, to quote BJP president Mr. Amit Shahji, for being " a Dalit who has struggled in life to reach the position he is in today. " In the forthcoming presidential elections your selection was made due to your Dalit identity was also underlined by Ram Vilas Paswanji, a Dalit minister in the Central Cabinet, when he declared that any one opposing your candidature will be seen as "anti-Dalit". In a scenario when violence against Dalits and minorities like Muslims and Christians (most of whom hail from Dalit stock) and their disempowerment has surged many fold, your candidature gives hope. However, it is being claimed by the RSS leaders that you have been chosen for being an old and seasoned RSS swayamsevak or member. It is being emphasized that you are a seasoned " Hindu nationalist ". We are informed that you donated your ancestral home in Kanpur Dehat to the RSS. With these credentials, I, fear there is going to be a serious conflict of interests between your beliefs in RSS ideology and being the highest constitutional authority of democratic-secular Republic of India. I will put forward in the following some of the serious concerns of mine for your kind perusal.

As one of the senior and founding teachers of the varsity, I wondered why the university authorities did not invite the President to deliver the “Quit India Movement Lecture” which had been discontinued at Vidyasagar University since long despite funding from the Central Government. Moreover Mr.Pranab Mukherjee had memorable experiences of interacting with his late father Kamada Mukherjee who was a legendary figure and dedicated his life in the non-violent freedom struggle of India led by Mahatma Gandhi and was popularly known as the ‘Gandhi of Birbhum district’. The academic community of Vidyasagar University would really have been benefitted had the President spoke on his childhood experiences of his father’s struggle and dedication towards the Independence of India from the shackles of British rule.