Power systems Fault analysis

This network modelling coursework was evaluated using ERACS software. The base system comprises group of induction motors (3.3 and 0.415 kV) fed through transformers by synchronous generators and 11 kV grid. Loadflow and fault analyses (3P, 2P, 2P-E, 1P-E) were conducted. Results were compared with manual circuit reduction as well.

Now a day’s electrical power system is in the process to convert in smart power
system with interconnected national and regional grids. Modeling of power system has
become a necessary in order to make right decision, check for any potential problems, and
fault conditions in large interconnected network. In this paper we shell deal with
unsymmetrical faults in a proposed network. In recent year power system engineers
shifted protection method from classical methods to digital or numerical protection
techniques, in this technique high crunching capability, which has made it possible to
design digital filters in real time protection system with smart technologies.
Multifunctional relay also installed in modern power system network for protection of
transmission line, generator protection, motor protection, real time fault location,
protection of busbar and other important equipments. This paper is devoted to abnormal
system behaviour under conditions of unsymmetrical fault in power system networks
using MATLAB Simulation Techniques

Electric power is the bedrock of our modern way of life. In Nigeria, power supply availability, sufficiency and reliability are major operational challenges. At the generation and transmission level, effort is made to ensure status monitoring and fault detection on the power network, but at the distribution level, particularly within domestic consumer communities there are no fault monitoring and detection devices except for HRC fuses at the feeder pillar. Unfortunately, these fuses are sometimes replaced by a copper wire bridge at some locations rendering the system unprotected and creating a great potential for transformer destruction on overload. This study is focused on designing an on-site power system monitoring device to be deployed on selected household entry power cables for detecting and indicating when phase off, low voltage, high voltage, over current, and blown fuse occurs on the building's incomer line. The fault indication will help in reducing troubleshooting time and also ensure quick service restoration. After design implementation, the test result confirms design accuracy, device functionality and suitability as a low-cost solution to power supply system fault monitoring within local communities.

—DC power system is gaining popularity. Research is being conducted worldwide on implementation of LVDC (low voltage direct current) and MVDC (medium voltage direct current) in applications such as ship power systems. One major hurdle to this path is the immaturity of the protection systems. This paper deals with the modelling of LV/MVDC power system with different marine loads and faults. Since LV/MVDC power systems are still in preliminary stages, their modelling and fault analysis will help in addressing the requirements of various protection strategies. The system modelling and fault simulations are done in simulation software Power Systems Computer Aided Design (PSCAD). The components of DC ship power system are also described.

In case of three phase power system mainly two faults occurs, three phase balance fault and unbalance fault on transmission line of power system, such as line to ground fault, double line to ground fault and double line fault. The transmission line fault analysis helps to select and develop a better for protection purpose. For the protection of transmission line we place the circuit breakers and its rating is depends on triple line fault. The reason behind is that the triple line fault current is very high as compare to other fault current. Hence by using MATLAB simulationin computer, the analysis of transmission line fault can be easily carried out. The main purpose of this paper is to study the general fault type which is Unbalance faults of transmission line in the power system. Also to perform the analysis and obtain the Result of various parameters (voltage, current, power etc) from simulation on those types of fault Using MATLAB.

The Electrical power quality has become an important topic of discussion and research these days. As per IEEE 519 std. parameters of power quality measurement, are four in number, of which Total Harmonic Distortion is most widely used. This paper proposes the optimal planning of passive tuned harmonic filters for improvement of power quality in faulty conditions of electrical power system. The Total Harmonic Distortion analysis of power quality disturbances is carried out in the faulty conditions and in the presence of single tuned and double tuned harmonic filters. The four bus system having two load and two generator buses is modeled in MATLAB/Simulink environment. A fault is created near the load bus and power quality disturbances are detected near the generator bus and improved using single tuned and double tuned filters near the generator bus under study. The Matlab results show the performance of double tuned filter in improvement of power quality disturbances during faulty conditions.

This issue (DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.34778.75203) includes the following papers; P1181632510, AUTHOR="Fahim Salauddin", TITLE="DPCM Soft Modelling in Open-Loop Representations" P1111633511, AUTHOR="B. Dhouib and H. Hadj Abdallah", TITLE="Voltage Source Converter of Three Phase Photovoltaic Grid Connected System and Fault Analysis" P1111638520, AUTHOR="G.Swapna and N.KrishnaKumari and D.Ravi Kumar", TITLE="Sensor less Control of PMSM with FOC using MRAS", P1111634512, AUTHOR="Fethi Demim and Kahina Louadj and Aidene Mohamed and Abdelkrim Nemra", TITLE="Solution of an Optimal Control Problem with Vector Control using Relaxation Method", P1111636517, AUTHOR="Raheel Muzzammel and Umair Tahir", TITLE="Comprehensive Comparison of PWM and SVM based Three Phase AC to AC Matrix Converters", P1111641522, AUTHOR="Phi Hoang Nha and Dao Quang Thuy", TITLE="Improving the Characteristics of Switched Reluctance Motor"

Faults in the power system generally provide considerable
changes in its quantities such as under or over-power, over-current,
current or power direction, frequency, impedance, and
power factor. Reading data related to both currents and voltages
is usually involved for detecting and situating the fault on
the transmission network. These days, any outage of power in a
power grid leads to heavy financial losses for commercial, industrial,
and domestic consumers. Random and irregular faults in
transmission grids contribute significantly to events of power
outages. A significant contribution of this study is a new technique
for simulating a multiple simultaneous faults model. The
recommended approach is an effective technique for detection,
classification and localization of faults in transmission networks
of electric power. To attain this objective, a training procedure
and a neural network simulation were carried out using m-file in
MATLAB. A virtual bus has been proposed to analyze the fault
which happens on the transmission line and bus. This technique
has been applied on the IEEE 14 bus and multiple simultaneous
faults have been mentioned in this study. The fault situations are
simulated in m-files through the two-port network performance
method, which is a highly enhanced scheme in comparison to the
existing methods. The results have been arrived upon by subjecting
different buses to varying types of fault. The results provide
comprehensive information regarding fault current, post-fault
voltages, and fault MVA on all the buses. The values at the bus
for voltage, power consumption, and phase angles were specified.
As suggested by the findings of the simulation, the proposed
methodology is an effective technique for detection, classification
and localization of faults.

Fault is the abnormal condition in power system, which must be detected as early as possible. It is very important to detect the fault as quick as possible to reduce the effects of fault like equipment damage, property loss and human loss. Arc faults have high power discharge property between two conductors; this property causes damage to the conductors which leads to electric fire between the conductors. It is very necessary to detect these faults immediately to avoid fire accidents. There are various methods to detect these arc faults in microgrid. In this paper voltage and current signals are measured through instrumental transformers and voltage signal is decomposed by the discrete wavelet transform signal processing technique. The decomposed signals are further processed in various machines learning classifier's for detecting the arc fault. The Proposed methodology studies the performance of various machine learning classifiers to detect arc fault in microgrid and it is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink Software.

A distribution feeder is de-energized during the period of maintenance or in bad weather conditions such as rains, and heavy winds. After the completion of maintenance or clearance of the bad climatic conditions, the same feeder is re-energized again to supply the load. But before re-energizing the feeder it is good practice to check whether the feeder is free of faults or not, because during the maintenance or bad weather conditions there may be a chance of short circuits in the system. This article presents a thyristors based technique to detect the asymmetrical faults, if any that are present in the de-energized side of the distribution feeder. The current wave forms are analyzed in MATLAB computer simulation and the type of the fault that is present in the system is identified.

A distribution feeder is de-energized during the period of maintenance or in bad weather conditions such as rains, and heavy winds. After the completion of maintenance or clearance of the bad climatic conditions, the same feeder is re-energized again to supply the load. But before re-energizing the feeder it is good practice to check whether the feeder is free of faults or not, because during the maintenance or bad weather conditions there may be a chance of short circuits in the system. If a three phase asymmetrical fault is present in the system it can be easily identified by analyzing the current waveforms, but a three phase symmetrical fault cannot be identified by analyzing the current wave forms alone. Further, if a voltage pulse is applied to the de-energized side either a stalled motor or a capacitor bank can cause large currents like a short circuit fault. Therefore, a fault detection technique based on the harmonic impedance characteristics is proposed. This method is effective for detection of three phase symmetrical fault and to discriminate a stalled motor or a capacitor bank from the fault. MATLAB computer simulation results are provided in this paper to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

There are many types of fault location algorithms and one of it is simple impedance based fault location algorithm which is still widely used by power system utilities around the world mainly because of no communication channel exists between local and remote substations. The aim of this research is to study the combination effects of remote in feed current and fault resistance on the accuracy of simple impedance based fault location algorithm which is used to estimate fault location when the transmission line is connected to equivalent Thevenin sources from both ends. Simulation has been carried out using Matlab Simulink software for single line-to-ground fault and line-to-line fault. For each type of fault, fault location and fault resistance were varied for two conditions which were when remote breaker in open and remote breaker in close conditions. From the results, it can be concluded that remote in feed current will add additional error to the error due to the existence of fault resistance when fault resistance not equal to zero.

This issue includes several strong papers, they are; P1111451356, authored by Mohd Syakirin Ramli and Shigeru Yamamoto, which entitled "A Lyapunov Function Approach to Dynamic Stable Matching in A Multi-agent system". Paper P1111510361, authored by Vinay S. Prabhavalkar and Vijay R. Ghorpade, which entitled "A Novel Approach to Reduce the Spectral Ping-Pong Effect for the Mobility Management Framework in a Cognitive Radio Cellular Network". Paper P1111518375, authored by Kottam Pranay Kumar and K.Uday reddy and G.Jithendra Naidu and S.Siva Prasad, which entitled "DESIGN OF SOLAR POWERED MOBILE CHARGER WITH POWERBANK USING SUPERCAPACITOR AND STORAGE BATTERY FOR FAST CHARGING". Paper P1111521381, authored by N. Krishna Kumari and G. Tulasi Ram Das and M.P.Soni, which entitled "Online Stator Reference Flux Approach to Torque Ripple Minimization for SPM Drive using Fuzzy and PI Controllers", Paper P1111519376, authored by Ranuva Nageswararao and S...

Fault occurrence in power systems could result in losing their stability and cause severe damages in faulted devices or adjacent healthy devices. Also, stability proposition is charged as an important component in energy management and planning of power systems. Moreover, during the motor starting period, it draws a large current from the system, results in voltage drop of system and poses disturbances to the normal operation of other loads. Hence, fault and induction motor starting analysis are important studies in design and development of power systems. Beside, conversion of 3-phase double-circuit (3PDC) to 6-phase single-circuit (6PSC) line is a well known method to increase the power transfer capability of the network. So in this paper, an investigation of fault occurrence and motor starting for 3PDC converted to 6PSC transmission line is studied. According to the achieved results, if network is converted to 6PSC network, then system performance from view of transient stability and motor starting could improve, but magnitude of fault current may be increased than the 3PDC network. In this study, power system is assumed as a balanced system. Other economical and practical factors can be studied for planning, development and design of future transmission networks.

This issue (DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.34778.75203) includes the following papers; P1181632510, AUTHOR="Fahim Salauddin", TITLE="DPCM Soft Modelling in Open-Loop Representations" P1111633511, AUTHOR="B. Dhouib and H. Hadj Abdallah", TITLE="Voltage Source Converter of Three Phase Photovoltaic Grid Connected System and Fault Analysis" P1111638520, AUTHOR="G.Swapna and N.KrishnaKumari and D.Ravi Kumar", TITLE="Sensor less Control of PMSM with FOC using MRAS", P1111634512, AUTHOR="Fethi Demim and Kahina Louadj and Aidene Mohamed and Abdelkrim Nemra", TITLE="Solution of an Optimal Control Problem with Vector Control using Relaxation Method", P1111636517, AUTHOR="Raheel Muzzammel and Umair Tahir", TITLE="Comprehensive Comparison of PWM and SVM based Three Phase AC to AC Matrix Converters", P1111641522, AUTHOR="Phi Hoang Nha and Dao Quang Thuy", TITLE="Improving the Characteristics ...

The Electrical power quality has become an important topic of discussion and research these days. As per IEEE 519 std. parameters of power quality measurement, are four in number, of which Total Harmonic Distortion is most widely used. This paper proposes the optimal planning of passive tuned harmonic filters for improvement of power quality in faulty conditions of electrical power system. The Total Harmonic Distortion analysis of power quality disturbances is carried out in the faulty conditions and in the presence of single tuned and double tuned harmonic filters. The four bus system having two load and two generator buses is modeled in MATLAB/Simulink environment. A fault is created near the load bus and power quality disturbances are detected near the generator bus and improved using single tuned and double tuned filters near the generator bus under study. The Matlab results show the performance of double tuned filter in improvement of power quality disturbances during faulty conditions.

Faults in the power system generally provide considerable changes in its quantities such as under or over-power, over-current, current or power direction, frequency, impedance, and power factor. Reading data related to both currents and voltages is usually involved for detecting and situating the fault on the transmission network. These days, any outage of power in a power grid leads to heavy financial losses for commercial, industrial, and domestic consumers. Random and irregular faults in transmission grids contribute significantly to events of power outages. A significant contribution of this study is a new technique for simulating a multiple simultaneous faults model. The recommended approach is an effective technique for detection, classification and localization of faults in transmission networks of electric power. To attain this objective, a training procedure and a neural network simulation were carried out using m-file in MATLAB. A virtual bus has been proposed to analyze the fault which happens on the transmission line and bus. This technique has been applied on the IEEE 14 bus and multiple simultaneous faults have been mentioned in this study. The fault situations are simulated in m-files through the two-port network performance method, which is a highly enhanced scheme in comparison to the existing methods. The results have been arrived upon by subjecting different buses to varying types of fault. The results provide comprehensive information regarding fault current, post-fault voltages, and fault MVA on all the buses. The values at the bus for voltage, power consumption, and phase angles were specified. As suggested by the findings of the simulation, the proposed methodology is an effective technique for detection, classification and localization of faults.

The intermittent nature of photovoltaic (PV) generation causes the voltage to fluctuate and may lead to instability, especially, in case of high penetration. In this paper, a methodology is proposed to control the reactive power generation of PV-inverters. The objective is to mitigate the voltage fluctuations at the point of common coupling (PCC) resulted from increasing or decreasing the active power output of PV plants which is dependent on solar radiation level. The generic PV-inverter models developed and recommended by the Renewable Energy Modeling Task Force (REMTF) of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) is used to analyze the effect of high PV penetration on the dynamic voltage stability of distribution networks. Then, the tested distribution network with the embedded PV plants is modeled and simulated using PSS/E software. Levels of control that are built-in PV-inverters are tested in the case of normal operation and during disturbances. Comparison results show that the most suitable control methodology in case of disturbances and after fault clearance is the local voltage control. While the plant voltage control with coordinated V/Q control is the most preferable control methodology during normal operation.