Postmodernism Literature

Organisms', materialism, 'consciousness', and moral statusproblems in Lamb Lamb defines death as 'the irreversible loss offunction of the organism as a whole' (9). His account then goes on to claim that loss of brainstem function is sufficient to

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Ideea acestui studiu a pornit de la constatarea empirică a frecvenţei conectorului deci în cele mai variate situaţii discursive în româna vorbită actuală. Interviurile şi talk-show-urile televizate, dar şi conversaţiile curente, nu în ultimul rând contextele oficiale de enunţare permit observarea prolificităţii acestui operator discursiv 2 şi formularea unei prime premise a comentariului critic, anume caracterul polifuncţional al acestuia. Desigur, nu este o observaţie originală: deseori, instanţele de autoritate în domeniu, între care putem menţiona Gramatica Academiei (II, 737), au sancţionat utilizarea abuzivă a conectorului deci în limba vorbită actuală; însă, în opinia noastră, au fost mai puţin sau deloc puse în lumină originea şi cauzele acestui fenomen discursiv.

Through an exploration of narrative strategies in The House Gun, this work provides analysis via postmodernism as literary backdrop to interpret the representation of the socio-cultural condition in post-apartheid South Africa, where the reconsideration of meta-narratives of pre-conceived truths reflects not only the crisis of the individual, but also that of a whole nation. Thus, the postmodern aspect of Gordimer’s style demonstrates that the author’s representation of the ‘troubled time’ in postapartheid South Africa is her own way of bringing her fellow citizens to face individual and collective guilt for violence, and advocate tolerance towards sexual and racial differences.

ABSTRACT Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five (1969) has remained the most widely discussed of his novels in the five decades since its publication. However, the volume of critical work produced on it far outweighs the unique lines of thought investigated. The critiques have mostly been limited to – diagnoses of Billy Pilgrim’s mental disorder, locating the sources of the diagnosed ailments, examinations of Vonnegut’s intended philosophy, comparisons of the novel to other anti-war works, and investigations of the elements of humor and science fiction in the novel. This article attempts a close reading of the novel along the lines of the hero quest, or monomyth, as chronicled in The Hero with a Thousand Faces (1949) by Joseph Campbell. The article disentangles the novel to release the inherent quest narrative from its non-linear structure and reinterprets it in terms of Campbell’s quest stages to reveal an uncanny resemblance to the mythical hero’s journey. The nature of the journey and the hero’s traits, and the departures observed in Vonnegut’s monomyth from Campbell’s determine the relevance and implications of Billy’s quest and warrant the need to coin his quest anew, namely the anti-monomyth.

We single out a type of set-theoretical paradoxes, following the famous Bertrand Russell scheme which was recently spotlit by Graham Priest. It is the formula of “prohibited words” from Dino Buzzati’s 1958 short story bearing the same name. We show up that the not less famous Palamite distinction between the Divine essence and energy satisfi es the formula conditions, the same being true for its correspondence with the Russell scheme. Seen from the set-theoretical viewpoint, the Palamite prohibition to name the Divine essence is structurally isomorphic to the “prohibited words” depicted by the great Italian postmodernist writer. Hereby the set of Divine names stemming from His energies corresponds in Palamism to the domain of “normal” words in Buzzati, i.e., of those words, expressions, and idioms which are made use of in the ordinary language.

The essay rereads some stylistic and structural elements of Petrolio, the great posthumous novel by Pier Paolo Pasolini. Referring to the most successful hermeneutic efforts on the text, the work emphasizes the role of contamination between media within the novel, as a key element to understand its singular form, drawing inspiration from Pasolini’s theoretical essays in Empirismo Eretico. In fact, it is precisely the field of the media and of intermediality where historically all the complex problems that Petrolio tried to address were emerging, in clear opposition with other outcomes of the contemporary postmodern literature.

This is a wonderful short essay on the topic of pastiche and its place in the broad literary fiction category, which I have uploaded from a link from my trade companies websites, that is found readily at sigeum.ca, sigeum.us, and literarypastiche.ca, for the benefit of the student, scholar, writer, or book publisher or marketer, interested in an insightful summary of what catagorizes any creative writing as pastiche within the context of approximately the last hundred years until now, and which still remains, in regards to a precise definition of the term, very much an unfinalized description, among postmodern and modern circles.

Chapter 14: Postmodern cities. 5,000 words. This chapter discusses the two principal strands of the postmodern city novel: texts in which the city is presented as a verbal labyrinth, simulacrum, or technoscape (e. g. the fiction of Auster, Borges, Calvino, Murakami, Pamuk), and texts that depict the city as conceived in postmodern urbanist discourse: the city defined by branded spaces – consumerist simulacra of properly historical urban spaces – existing amidst dilapidated interstitial spaces (e.g., Martin Amis, Bret Easton Ellis, Chuck Palahniuk, José Saramago, Iain Sinclair, but including novels of any comparable city wherever sited), and the entwining of the two strands as the city and the lives it sustains work out their entropic trajectories, primarily absent the sort of crisis that qualifies the fictional city as properly dystopian. The presentation of the subject locates the literature in relation to poststructuralist thought or theories of postmodern urban and social theory by citing relevant theorists. It identifies, as appropriate, the presence and force of redemptive energies in the literature, and highlights the engagements with, and critiques of the history and enabling ideologies of postwar urban (re)development to the extent that they present themselves in the content and the form of the texts discussed.

Seit der Postmoderne wird die Grenze von Literatur und (Literatur-)Theorie aus beiden Richtungen uberschritten. Ehedem kategorial Getrenntes begegnet einander in einer Vielzahl uberraschender, mit den herkommlichen Mitteln der Literaturwissenschaft kaum einzuholender Konstellationen: Theorie wird zu Literatur, Literatur zu Theorie. Der vorliegende Sammelband wirft eine Reihe damit verbundener Fragen auf: Wo liegen die Chancen und Grenzen der "Anwendung" von Literaturtheorie auf (Gegenwarts-)Literatur? Welche Auswirkungen hat Theorie auf die literarische Textproduktion? In welcher Form beeinflusst das literarische Schreiben die Theorie? Ist am Ende Theorie selbst ein literarisches Genre? Exemplarisch werden zudem Moglichkeiten und Relationen des literarischen Erzahlens seit der Postmoderne im Kontext theoretischer Reflexionen untersucht.

Abstract Pireddu begins our discussion of transcendence and art as critical principle. The plurality of standpoints vis-a-vis the sublime--which contemporary reality invokes at the levels of both form and content--suggest a far more articulated overview than the one ...

As we are starting the third decade of the 21st century, there are some cultural shifts in our current condition. The forces that once drove postmodernism seem to be mutating and diminished. Whether it is a matter of mutation or a decisive break with postmodernism, ours is a new global era. The major common feature of the literary tendencies that writers have adopted today seems to be the questioning and shift of the paradigm of postmodernism's cultural logic. Approaching to postmodernism from one of those reactive and oppositional strands, some contemporary writers such as Latife Tekin (1957- ) and Jenni Fagan (1977- ) tend to have a renewed engagement with realism. Because some longstanding socioeconomic problems still linger in all around the world, recently the representations of these socioeconomic problems have started to re-appear in the world literature. These writers' return to realism can be explained as one of the tendencies that proclaims to be postmodernism'...

The purpose of the research is to explore the experience aesthethic in the novel O written by Eka Kurniwan through postmodernism perspective. The research method is content analysis because it'is a literary research. The result of this research are the writer finds the experience aesthetic elements in the novel O, such as object directness, felt freedom, detached affect, active discovery, and wholeness. Besides, the writer also explores about the marriage between postmodernism and experience aesthetics in the novel O which focus on plot and character.

The Problem: The availability and use of certain services that can compensate for older adults' decreased abilities and capabilities may help them maintain their independence and improve their psychological well-being. Therefore, this study investigated whether service availability and service use were associated with the psychological well-being of residents of residential care facilities and nursing homes. The Resolution: Residents who used services that provide help with activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living were more likely to report a worse mood, poor psychological health, and low self-efficacy compared with those living in facilities where the services were not available. On the other hand, older residents who used social and wellnessrelated services were more likely to have a better mood, good psychological health, and high selfefficacy. Tips for Success: Senior living facilities should consider providing more social and wellnessrelated services and encourage residents' use of such services to improve their psychological wellbeing.

Shelley Jackson?s Patchwork Girl is not simply a new recreation of Mary Shelley?s Frankenstein in hypertext format; it also tries to develop some of the implications in the original text from the paradigms of contemporary science and criticism. This study is an attempt to bring to light the ways in which these paradigms, characterized by their emphasis on fragmentariness, are made to interact dialogically with Shelley?s novel in order to produce a postmodern version of the old Promethean myth. Apart from exploring the filial connections that one might expect in any rewriting exercise, this essay focuses on the way Jackson questions the concept of authorship, origin(ality) and literary property, and related issues such as intertextuality and assemblage, all of which are indices of the theoretical concerns underlying Jackson's text and of the ways in which it follows, re-writes or invites us to re-read Shelley's ?hideous progeny.?

The writing of Samuel Beckett is associated with meaning in the meaninglessness and the production of what he calls ‘literature of unword’. The casual escape from the world of words in the form of silences and pauses, in his play Waiting for Godot, urges to ask question of their existence and ultimately leads to investigate the theory behind their use in the play. This paper proposes that these absences (silence and pause) in Beckett’s play force to think ‘beyond’ language. This paper asks how silence and pause in Beckett’s text speak for the emergence of poststructuralist text. It aims to identify the significant features of the philosophy of deconstruction in the play of Beckett to demystify the hostile complicity between literature and philosophy. With the interpretive paradigm of poststructuralism this research focuses on the text as a research data. It attempts to delineate the relationship between poststructuralist theoretical concerns and text of Beckett. Keeping in view the ...

This paper aims to explore an ontological and structural study of Sadeq Hedayat"s The Blind Owl through application of binary oppositions of Time/Timeless, Modern/Postmodern Narratology, Theosophical Mythology/ Historical Representation and Interior Monologue/ Stream of Consciousness. The present article argues that there are certain exclusive elements represented in the narratology of The Blind Owl which takes this text beyond the techniques of modern and postmodern into a kind of super-modern, especially through application of specific element of time, point of view and techniques of narration. Hedayat, in this text, as the author believes, masterfully presents a number of technical manipulations of narratology which counts for surpassing from some typical modern and postmodern European novels like Faulkner"s The Sound and the Fury. These breaking grounds include representation of the common elements between stream of consciousness and interior monologue, drawing a perfe...

While autofiction has featured significantly in French literary theory for around four decades, postmodernism has rarely figured as a context for literary-critical analysis in France. In the United States the situation is almost the exact opposite. Autofiction features seldom in studies of American literature from the late twentieth century to the present day, while postmodernism remains one of the dominant categories within which to analyse late twentieth-century fiction. This chapter provides the first analysis of autofiction in the United States as a postmodern form of writing. More precisely it will examine the similarities between autofiction and the signature device of postmodernist writers, metafiction, in order to suggest that autofiction deserves to be regarded as an important postmodern form of writing. In fact, because of the emphasis on authorship in postmodern writing (its preoccupation with what it means to be an author), it can be argued that as much as autofiction emerges from within the tradition of postmodern metafiction in the United States, it might make sense to consider metafiction itself as a subcategory of autofiction. At the heart of the chapter is a study of the work of the Polish expatriate American-based writer Jerzy Kosinski, who began in the 1980s to describe his writing as autofiction. Kosinski’s work functions as a gateway to studying American autofiction in relation to postmodern metafiction. But the reception of his work also invites consideration of autofiction in a second context, what I term ‘obscene’ culture (celebrity- and scandal-obsessed and fascinated by self-revelation and exposure). The chapter also posits a third context, what Mark McGurl has termed ‘The Program Era’, in which the practice of ‘autopoesis’ (or self-production or self-reference) is central. While none of these three contexts is exclusively American, each is nevertheless especially relevant to literature produced in the United States in the late twentieth and twenty-first centuries, as we have moved from postmodernism to post-postmodernism. To demonstrate this, the chapter accompanies its focus on Kosinski with analysis of autofictions by his contemporaries Kurt Vonnegut and John Barth, and more recent work by the writers David Foster Wallace, Bret Easton Ellis and Dave Eggers.

the focus of this issue of the The German Quarterly is on austrian studies. the five preceding essays, each illustrating different approaches to the study of aus-tria's literatures and cultures, were not solicited specifically for this issue, but were submitted through the regular channels and underwent a double-blind peer review process. in order to gain more insight into scholarly developments in the field, however, we decided to also create space in this issue for a more deliberate reflection on what it means to do austrian studies. the editors of this forum asked a number of scholars (most of them working in the Us, but also one representative from the Uk and one from austria) for their views on the state of austrian studies today. We were interested specifically in developments in scholarship on austrian literature and culture since the year 2000. We asked our contributors to illustrate what they see as important accomplishments, the challenges and dilemmas they perceive as specific to austrian studies, problems and issues that remain underexamined, and promising trends and developments. Below you will find the results. the development of the field of austrian studies certainly has been driven by institutional structures: organizations, journals, and curricula. But scholarship also developed its own dynamics that often remained implicit. research in literary and cultural studies clearly moves in certain directions without an explicit master plan (and maybe this is not such a bad thing). the following short essays attempt to trace those dynamics. Most of the contributions reveal a concern about canonization and a narrowing of the field. they also acknowledge that the canon of austrian culture has not only shifted over time, but is also highly dependent on one's own position and investments. Media studies and a concern about cultural diversity have clearly had an impact on the study of austrian literature and culture, and the field is still deliberating on how exactly to incorporate them. the relations between austrian and German studies are complex and not without tension; this too is reflected in the contributions to our forum. We hope that the following forum will offer some orientation for those ac-tive—in whatever capacity: as a scholar, teacher, or simply as someone interested in literary and cultural history—in austrian studies, but also may be of value to those whose main areas of expertise are located elsewhere. in some respects, austrian studies offers an interesting case study on the relevance and problems of the nation-state paradigm when practicing cultural analysis and on the question of how the area studies model functions in academia today. elizaBetH loeNtz & Carl Niekerk

The paper aims to show that O sută de ani de zile la Porţile Orientului [One Hundred Years at the Gates of the East], Ioan Groşan's historical picaresque postmodern novel, can be seen-due the presence of different techniques and devices of humour-as a weapon in and against a totalitarian system. In order to do so, our approach takes into account the problem of an East European totalitarian system, the East-West antipode, the condition of the author and his possible intention in a totalitarian system, the condition of the reader and his horizon of expectations in the same system, and the sources of humour used by the author. Humour as a weapon can have a lot of roles, for example, cracking, evading, or surmounting reality, and we want to show that Ioan Groşan succeeds in doing all that. In our paper, we grouped the humour-generating incongruences and contradictions into several categories: composition, frame (space and time, situations), identity (social status, names, physical a...

This essay is a deconstructive and post-structural analysis of the movie “A Separation” or “Jodaei Nader Az Simin (original title)” written and directed by Asghar Farhadi, as the best Foreign Language Film of the Year 2011, through application of binary oppositional parallels of Id vs. Ego, Bourgeoisie vs. working class of society, Logicality vs. Morality, Patriarchy vs. Matriarchy and Adulthood vs. adolescence can represent the individuals serious problems rooting from their own negligence and discriminatory senses. It is scrutinized and divulged that not only is society the prime responsible for collapse of coherence of individuality and humanity, but also the inuring to one prospective reality by individuals gainsays the other priorities in which the lack of consciousness plays the principle role for their failures and devastations in the vital issues. Moreover, it is depicted that how morality plays as a key factor as control mechanism.

the focus of this issue of the The German Quarterly is on austrian studies. the five preceding essays, each illustrating different approaches to the study of aus-tria's literatures and cultures, were not solicited specifically for this issue, but were submitted through the regular channels and underwent a double-blind peer review process. in order to gain more insight into scholarly developments in the field, however, we decided to also create space in this issue for a more deliberate reflection on what it means to do austrian studies. the editors of this forum asked a number of scholars (most of them working in the Us, but also one representative from the Uk and one from austria) for their views on the state of austrian studies today. We were interested specifically in developments in scholarship on austrian literature and culture since the year 2000. We asked our contributors to illustrate what they see as important accomplishments, the challenges and dilemmas they perceive as specific to austrian studies, problems and issues that remain underexamined, and promising trends and developments. Below you will find the results. the development of the field of austrian studies certainly has been driven by institutional structures: organizations, journals, and curricula. But scholarship also developed its own dynamics that often remained implicit. research in literary and cultural studies clearly moves in certain directions without an explicit master plan (and maybe this is not such a bad thing). the following short essays attempt to trace those dynamics. Most of the contributions reveal a concern about canonization and a narrowing of the field. they also acknowledge that the canon of austrian culture has not only shifted over time, but is also highly dependent on one's own position and investments. Media studies and a concern about cultural diversity have clearly had an impact on the study of austrian literature and culture, and the field is still deliberating on how exactly to incorporate them. the relations between austrian and German studies are complex and not without tension; this too is reflected in the contributions to our forum. We hope that the following forum will offer some orientation for those ac-tive—in whatever capacity: as a scholar, teacher, or simply as someone interested in literary and cultural history—in austrian studies, but also may be of value to those whose main areas of expertise are located elsewhere. in some respects, austrian studies offers an interesting case study on the relevance and problems of the nation-state paradigm when practicing cultural analysis and on the question of how the area studies model functions in academia today. elizaBetH loeNtz & Carl Niekerk

Asemic writing points to a gradual weakening of the correlation between sign and meaning or, in the language of architecture and biology, to the confutation of the form follows function principle. Several lines of research are suitable for dealing with the intrinsic nonlinearity that follows. Topology-based methods could support or replace traditional hermeneutics to properly study such manifold structures. Each page, a snapshot of an unknown linguistic phenomenon, would hence be addressed as a set of fuzzy data.

The paper will examine the dynamics of changes in the concepts of spaces in the selected novels written by the contemporary British author Ian McEwan. It will define the role of representational spaces in McEwan's early novels (The Cement Garden, The Comfort of Strangers) and concentrate on the term of intense focalization in the author's recent novel Nutshell. The main aim of the paper is to trace the presence of the uncanny in McEwan's fictional spaces and explore the theme of space violation and disturbing human privacy within the closed space which points out to the genre of postmodern Gothic.

Charles Spencer Chaplin has made his appearance in a good number of his movies as a screen persona called The Little Tramp. It was in 1914 that The Little Tramp was seen on screen for the first time in the movie The Kid Auto Races in Venice. The Tramp that acted first on the stage was not the same who made its first glimpse on the screen in the eyes of the world. It was perhaps a coincidence that supported Chaplin’s vision of the world with no order. The very first movie in which he acted in the costume of The Little Tramp was Mabel’s Strange Predicament. The Kid Auto Races in Venice was premiered on 7 February 1914, two days prior to the release of Mabel’s Strange Predicament. John Snyder is right in supporting the view of the Tramp being recognizable to everybody at some point in life. Snyder, in The Tramp in the Classroom, writes, “We all, in one way or another, can identify with the Tramp. The Chaplin character has been compared to the Joyce’s Leopold Bloom by Marshall McLuhan, ...

John Fowles’ literary opus is largely based on the philosophy of existentialism, with the motifs of freedom and suicide serving as its focal points, both closely related to freedom of choice and seen as crucial to the existentialist movement, as well as the author himself. This paper analyses Fowles’ novel The Magus through the prism of existentialism, which means that the basic existentialist concepts are identified and located within its text, as well as the influences of the key figures of this movement. The motifs of freedom and freedom of choice in context are interpreted and linked to the theories of Freud and Jung while special emphasis is placed on the role of the anima, that is, the female principle inside the male subconsciousness. This is precisely why a separate section of this paper is dedicated to female protagonists and their role in the novel. In his works, Fowles puts an emphasis on the freedom of the individual, which is portrayed through the freedom of the mind, i...

As we are starting the third decade of the 21st century, there are some cultural shifts in our current condition. The forces that once drove postmodernism seem to be mutating and diminished. Whether it is a matter of mutation or a decisive break with postmodernism, ours is a new global era. The major common feature of the literary tendencies that writers have adopted today seems to be the questioning and shift of the paradigm of postmodernism's cultural logic. Approaching to postmodernism from one of those reactive and oppositional strands, some contemporary writers such as Latife Tekin (1957-) and Jenni Fagan (1977-) tend to have a renewed engagement with realism. Because some longstanding socioeconomic problems still linger in all around the world, recently the representations of these socioeconomic problems have started to reappear in the world literature. These writers' return to realism can be explained as one of the tendencies that proclaims to be postmodernism's s...

This article explores Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five (1969) as a postmodern critique of modern literary modes. As a novel recapitulating within itself a postmodern relative perspective of reality, it elucidates one aspect of postmodernism, that of literary experimentation. Vonnegut experiments with the narrator, setting and characters of the novel to provide a fictional critique of the literary exhaustion prevailing in modern literary modes. Experimentation is thus remedial replenishment for such exhaustion through authorial metafictional intrusion into the text ccordingl the article uses atricia augh rard enette and Mikhail Bakhtin's narrative theory to examine the experimental technique in the novel. What makes the majority of metafictional style unique is not only its presence in the novel but also its conflated depiction of the merican individual's suffering after the Second World War.For this later style, the self-justifying manner in the novel extrapolates textual dialogic relations to accentuate the author's critical voice Such voice originates in the main narrative point of view in the text and is known as focalization.

Samuel Beckett a pu qualifier "Textes pour rien" d’« arrière-faix de L’Innommable », et la critique semble s’être alignée sans hésiter sur ce jugement négatif, voyant dans cette œuvre l’expression d’une impasse dans la création beckettienne. Face à ce constat, ce volume – complétant le livre d’annotations qui le précède dans notre Série – vise à affirmer son importance, à en faire entendre la richesse et la beauté, dans l’objectif de susciter un regain d’intérêt pour ce corpus. Celui-ci se distingue par la singularité de son esthétique, représentant aussi un moment d’approfondissement et de renouveau de l’écriture beckettienne. Une lecture du troisième tome des Lettres, et une étude des liens entre Beckett et Lacan complètent ce parcours.

This study employed quantitative and qualitative methods and was conducted in two phases: (1) survey of 30 professors in summer 2003, and (2) case study of five professors in fall 2003. The main research question was “what do college professors perceive to be the pedagogical advantages and disadvantages of mobile computing in courses that require its use by students?” The study showed that the most important pedagogical advantages of mobile computing were (1) “improving professor-student communication ,” (2) “encouraging collaboration in common experience where students learn in groups that would improve their teamwork skills,” and (3) “improvement in their capabilities as faculty in designing assignments that meet student needs.” The pedagogical disadvantage was “too many e-mails to read.” This study also found that many professors were working on the computer off and on campus. Some of them even worked beyond evening to early morning hours, and also during the weekend.

In recent years, Arab academia inspected the phenomenon of new preachers of Islam, especially in Egypt, predicted on such notions as new liberalism, selfhelp, and salvation. This study contributes to the scholarship by examining the postmodern characteristics of Mustafa Hosni’s discourse, as appears in his new media materials. Drawing upon insights from media cultural studies, the paper examines the mini-narratives of a tolerant, non-violent Muslim discourse as opposed to the customarily hostile Muslim meta-narratives. Further, the study analyses all sorts of pastiche that render Hosni’s discourse hybrid, glocal, and coexistent. It uses qualitative discourse analysis to shed light on the nexus between forms of religious discourse and the logic of media consumption in Muslim late neo-liberal capitalism

the focus of this issue of the The German Quarterly is on austrian studies. the five preceding essays, each illustrating different approaches to the study of aus-tria's literatures and cultures, were not solicited specifically for this issue, but were submitted through the regular channels and underwent a double-blind peer review process. in order to gain more insight into scholarly developments in the field, however, we decided to also create space in this issue for a more deliberate reflection on what it means to do austrian studies. the editors of this forum asked a number of scholars (most of them working in the Us, but also one representative from the Uk and one from austria) for their views on the state of austrian studies today. We were interested specifically in developments in scholarship on austrian literature and culture since the year 2000. We asked our contributors to illustrate what they see as important accomplishments, the challenges and dilemmas they perceive as specific to austrian studies, problems and issues that remain underexamined, and promising trends and developments. Below you will find the results. the development of the field of austrian studies certainly has been driven by institutional structures: organizations, journals, and curricula. But scholarship also developed its own dynamics that often remained implicit. research in literary and cultural studies clearly moves in certain directions without an explicit master plan (and maybe this is not such a bad thing). the following short essays attempt to trace those dynamics. Most of the contributions reveal a concern about canonization and a narrowing of the field. they also acknowledge that the canon of austrian culture has not only shifted over time, but is also highly dependent on one's own position and investments. Media studies and a concern about cultural diversity have clearly had an impact on the study of austrian literature and culture, and the field is still deliberating on how exactly to incorporate them. the relations between austrian and German studies are complex and not without tension; this too is reflected in the contributions to our forum. We hope that the following forum will offer some orientation for those ac-tive—in whatever capacity: as a scholar, teacher, or simply as someone interested in literary and cultural history—in austrian studies, but also may be of value to those whose main areas of expertise are located elsewhere. in some respects, austrian studies offers an interesting case study on the relevance and problems of the nation-state paradigm when practicing cultural analysis and on the question of how the area studies model functions in academia today. elizaBetH loeNtz & Carl Niekerk

... Sadly, several of them are no longer with us: Charles Bernheimer, Nina Iskrenko, Evgeny Laputin, Robert Maguire, Salomea Pavlychko ... Mélat, Kevin Moss, Marko Pavlyshyn, Harlow Robinson, Stephanie Sandler, David Shengold, the Shinn family, Aleksei Yudin, and Myroslava ...