Organophosphorous Poisoning Research Papers

This study aimed to determine the epidemiological differences between children and adult oral exposures in patients admitted to the busiest emergency department (ED) in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. METHODS: The characteristics... more

Exposure to organophosphorus nerve agents, the most deadly chemical warfare agents, is possible in a variety of situations, such as destruction of chemical warfare agents, terrorist attacks, armed conflicts or accidents in research... more

Background: Poisoning is a global public health issue and one of the common causes for visiting an emergency department (ED). A high index of suspicion based on etiology and clinical features is required to diagnose different types of... more

Background: Poisoning is a global public health issue and one of the common causes for visiting an emergency department (ED). A high index of suspicion based on etiology and clinical features is required to diagnose different types of poisons and their compounds. Aims: To define the epidemiological profile of patients registered in the ED with complaints of ingestion of poison, and to identify different types of poisons consumed, the duration of hospital stay and mortality due to these poisons. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients presenting to the ED with complaints of poisoning. All patients registered in the ED with complaints of consumption of poison were included in the investigation. Patient charts with snake bites or scorpion stings were excluded. The medical charts with a discharge diagnosis of Poisoning during the study period were identified using the ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes categories T36-T65. Data was collected in a preformatted questionnaire. Results: In this study, 317 patients were enrolled, with a female predominance of 54.8%. Thirty-one percent of the patients are 15 to 24 years old, and 11.35% are below five years. Thirty percent were students, 18.3% housewives and 6.62% were farmers, with 59.3% having access to poisons at their homes, 19.87% from the pharmacy and 14.9% from a neighborhood store. The intent of poisoning in 85.8% of the patients was suicidal. 34.7% patients ingested pesticides, 30.28% patients, presented with tablet overdose, 14.82% patients consumed rodenticides and insecticides, and 3.47% patients presented with oleander seed poisoning. About 32.17% of the patients were admitted to ICU. Nearly 53.94% patients were discharged within three days of hospitalization. The mortality rate due to poisoning was 4.1%. Conclusion: This research article defines the epidemiological profile of poisoning patients registered in the emergency department, along with the common poisons used, duration of hospital stay and mortality due to poisoning.

KEYWORDS Organophosphorous, Pesticides, Malondialdehyde, Reduced glutathione, Serum total antioxidant Capacity, L-carnitine. Organophosphorus compounds are widely used pesticides. They are associated with a significant risk of acute... more

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- by Singh Shiva Kumar
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- 6
  Acute renal failure, Poisoning, Leptospirosis, Chronic Renal Failure

Acute toxicity of organophosphorus poisons (OP) is explained by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in nerve synapses. Low dose effects are hypothesized to result from modification of other proteins, whose identity is not yet established.... more

Severe organophosphate compound (OPC) poisoning is an important clinical problem in many countries of the world. Unfortunately, little clinical research has been performed and little evidence exists with which to determine the best... more

Severe organophosphate compound (OPC) poisoning is an important clinical problem in many countries of the world. Unfortunately, little clinical research has been performed and little evidence exists with which to determine the best therapy. A study was therefore undertaken to determine the optimal dosing regimen for atropine in the treatment of OPC poisoning. An open-label randomized clinical trial was conducted in Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh, on 156 hospitalized individuals with OPC poisoning from June to September 2006. The aim was to compare the efficacy and safety of conventional bolus doses with individualized incremental doses of atropine for atropinization followed by continuous atropine infusion for management of OPC poisoning. Inclusion criteria were patients with a clear history of OPC poisoning with clear clinical signs of toxicity, i.e. features of cholinergic crisis. The patients were observed for at least 96 h. Immediate outcome and complications were recorded. Out of 156 patients, 81 patients received conventional bolus dose atropine (group A) and 75 patients received rapidly incremental doses of atropine followed by infusion (group B). The mortality in group 'A' was 22.5% (18/80) and in group 'B' 8% (6/75) (p<0.05). The mean duration of atropinization in group 'A' was 151.74 min compared to 23.90 min for group 'B' (p<0.001). More patients in group A experienced atropine toxicity than in group 'B' (28.4% versus 12.0%, p<0.05); intermediate syndrome was more common in group 'A' than in group 'B' (13.6% versus 4%, p<0.05), and respiratory support was required more often for patients in group 'A' than in group 'B' (24.7% versus 8%, p<0.05). Rapid incremental dose atropinization followed by atropine infusion reduces mortality and morbidity from OPC poisoning and shortens the length of hospital stay and recovery. Incremental atropine and infusion should become the treatment of choice for OPC poisoning. Given the paucity of existing evidence, further clinical studies should be performed to determine the optimal dosing regimen of atropine that most rapidly and safely achieves atropinization in these patients.

The classical laboratory tests for exposure to organophosphorus toxicants (OP) are inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity in blood. In a search for new biomarkers of OP exposure, we treated... more

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- by Eric Peeples
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- 5
  Neurotoxicology, Albumin, Acetylcholinesterase, Organophosphate

Severe organophosphate compound (OPC) poisoning is an important clinical problem in many countries of the world. Unfortunately, little clinical research has been performed and little evidence exists with which to determine the best... more

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- by Abul Faiz
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- 6
  Bangladesh, Medical Toxicology, Aged, Organophosphorous Poisoning

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Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a commonly encountered syndrome associated with various aetiologies and pathophysiological processes leading to decreased kidney function. This study was designed to assess the incidence and... more

Exposure to the worldly elements in food is an important factor with the development of an immune system. Children from ages 0 to 2 years of age are very vulnerable, and they cannot handle the amounts of pesticides exposed as adults can.... more

Document presented as a requirement for the degree as Veterinarian. This document is not a peer reviewed article, and its purpose is purely academical, not commercial. The authors consider this an open publication after a considerable... more

Document presented as a requirement for the degree as Veterinarian. This document is not a peer reviewed article, and its purpose is purely academical, not commercial. The authors consider this an open publication after a considerable time of having finished it. Figures of other authors were included to make this work more complete and easier to follow, although any remark or demand about figures an information presented, will be considered for deletion or removal of the same-ones.

La terapia génica consiste en insertar copias de genes normales, en individuos con enfermedades genéticas o deficiencias de algunas sustancias (factores de coagulación, enzimas, proteínas) propias del organismo. El objetivo es estimular genéticamente la síntesis de una sustancia de deficiente, defectuosa o ausente. Las células del paciente pueden extraerse y manipularse fuera del cuerpo (terapia ex vivo) o, en algunos casos, las células pueden tratarse mientras permanecen en el cuerpo (terapia in vivo) 1. La hidrólisis de metabolitos activos oxigenados(oxon) formados a partir de metabolismo hepático(citocromos P450)de insecticidas organofosforados y algunos gases nerviosos (soman y sarin), esta dada por la enzima sérica, Paraoxonasa (arildialquilfosfatasa) 2. 1. Terapia Génica (figura 1) Condiciones: •Las células blanco de la terapia deben ser fácilmente accesibles y tener una vida media prolongada (fibroblastos, miocitos y hepatocitos). •Un método para introducir genes en las células es utilizando vectores retrovirales o adenovirales modificados. •Los vectores adenovirales pueden invadir células en división y aceptan máximo inserciones de ocho kb de longitud 1. •Los virus se modifican mediante DNA recombinante para disminuir su grado de replicación. El DNA recombinante provoca la mayor deleción del genoma viral, sustituyéndola por una copia normal de un gen humano, sus elementos reguladores y una señal de poliadenilación(figura 2). Figura 1. Modelo secuencial para la elaboración de un producto génico terapéutico a partir de un retrovirus Los adenovirus son reproducidos y obtenidos in vitro y se inoculan en el paciente o en células somáticas que se puedan reinocular. Los adenovirus a diferencia de los retrovirus no se integran en el DNA de la célula huésped, conllevando a su pérdida y originando una expresión transitoria del gen, creando la necesidad de reintroducir el vector 1. Figura 2. Síntesis de DNAc de doble cadena a partir de RNAm. El segmento oligo-t sirve de cebador para la acción de la transcriptaza inversa, que utiliza el RNAm como molde para la síntesis de una cadena de DNA complementaria. El RNAm se degrada con NaOH quedando el DNAc resultante en horquilla que sirve de cebador para la DNA-polimerasa I, completándose la síntesis dela cadena de DNA complementaria.

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- by Germán A Vásquez Niño and +1
  Roldán Forero
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- 4
  Retroviruses, Organophosphorous Poisoning, Intoxicación, Terapia Genica

Organophosphorous Poisoning

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