NSDI

The benefits of sharing of geospatial data are well grounded in theory and practice. However, the mechanism to share geospatial data is still not in place in most of the countries like Pakistan. In Pakistan, immense geospatial data is available with various public and private sector organizations. Although, Government of Pakistan (GoP) is funding public sector organizations to develop geospatial data, but at the same time, its role lacks in reducing redundancies in geospatial investments. The dilemma is that presently, only a small part of this funded data is being benefited for
empirical decision making process. This prevailing situation triggers the question, what are the issues relating to geospatial data sharing in Pakistan? The paper also explores the possibilities of data sharing, which is the overriding objective of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs).

The main theme of the Conference was the development and use of Spatial Data
Infrastructures (SDI’s) and all their aspects - technology, criteria and standards for
organizing and sharing spatial data. The realization of the European INSPIRE
directive in the countries of South East Europe was expected to be an important part
of the conference.
A Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) provides access to any kind of spatial data to
users. It comprises the technology, policies, standards and human resources
necessary to acquire, process, store, distribute and improve utilization of spatial
data.
The conference has the ambition to become the major SDI conference in the region
and be influential for SDI development. It follows an earlier conference entitled
“Importance of developing National Spatial Data Infrastructure of the Republic of
Macedonia based on INSPIRE directive” that took place in Skopje on 27 March
2009 at the FON University.
The conference showed the importance of SDIs and their use, on local, national or
regional level in the region of South East Europe and its relation to global initiatives.
It targets the process of spatial data sharing through the Internet, as a tool for faster,
easier and simpler access to spatial data by all stakeholders, customers and clients;
the implementation of International/Global and European criteria for organizing
digital spatial data; the impact of SDIs on all application fields; cooperation between
stakeholders such as state institutions responsible for collecting, structuring,
archiving, updating and analyzing spatial data according to their legal mission and
obligation.
The conference brought together stakeholders interested in the development and use
of SDIs, with a focus on the region of South-East Europe. Participants from other
countries-continents would contribute with their research and experience. Scientist,
researchers, industry and data owners from public or private sector are expected to
contribute to increased understanding and awareness of SDIs in the region and to the
identification of new ways of their implementation and use.
Participation of professionals from all over the world, especially from European
countries in the conference allowed sharing their experiences in developing and
using SDI’s in their countries. Through scientific and practical solutions presented
by the participants (scientific institutions-researchers, governmental and private
sector organizations), and fruitful discussions and papers, methodologies and ways
would be put forward, which will help finding out the probably best-appropriatecommon
ways for developing SDI’s in the region and in general and for special
purposes and applications.
Bashkim IDRIZI
Dimo TODOROVSKI

10
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE
“Importance of developing National Spatial Data Infrastructure
of the Republic of Macedonia based on INSIPRE directive”
27 March 2009, FON University, Skopje, Macedonia
All papers have been reviewed by the international review commission
Editor: Ass.Prof.Dr. Bashkim IDRIZI

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06 
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Сите трудови се одобрени за објавување од страна на
меѓународна рецензентска комисија.
Уредник: Проф.д-р Борис Никодиновски

Capítulo de libro (Nº12 páginas 271-300) en el que se explican los conceptos básicos del análisis espacial en sociología (a partir de Sistemas de Información Geográfica SIG o GIS -siglas en inglés-), desde perspectivas cuantitativas (estadística espacial descriptiva y exploratoria así como correlación espacial y los fundamentos de la regresión espacial) y cualitativas (geolocalización de materiales cualitativos), junto con sendas aplicaciones con software especializado: Atlas.ti y el SIG OpenGeoDa (libre y gratuito, descarga en: https://geodacenter.asu.edu/).

This paper explores the main issues of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) policies in Greece and Cyprus, two countries sharing common historic and cultural characteristics. The development of a cadastral system, currently carried out in Greece and the ongoing reform of the cadastre of Cyprus, constitute a key block of the above infrastructure in both countries. The Government of Cyprus and the Department of Land and Surveys (DLS), have recently embarked on a program to develop a number of computerized land related systems (such as land management, valuation etc), and implement in stages a national data infrastructure, where all relative agencies can share available information. On the other hand in the case of Greece, the effort for establishing a nationwide cadastre is ongoing, offering valuable experience on this field, in terms of economic and managerial manipulations, as well as in difficulties faced during that process.
The above two case studies are similarly presented in this paper, to facilitate the comparison between the development & operation of the two Cadastral systems, mainly focusing on legal, technical and financial issues of their implementation and maintenance. Other issues including land information policies and strategies, the state of relative legislation and key elements of an NSDI are also examined.

Land degradation involves a wide array of natural and human induced factors affecting the productivity of land. These factors can exist in various non unique and complex combinations of different environmental settings, making detection and monitoring of land degradation an often difficult undertaking. As a result, no universal solution exists to eliminate the problem of land degradation altogether. In order to reduce its rate of encroachment, this phenomenon should be assessed and quantified in order to identify the causes, processes and factors leading to land degradation.