NEOLÍTICO ANTIGUO

Se aborda el análisis del desarrollo de las primeras formaciones sociales productoras de alimentos en la región andaluza que tiene lugar, a partir de los yacimientos con cronologías más precisas, entre la segunda mitad del VI y primer cuarto del V milenios. Igualmente, se analiza cómo estas comunidades activarán un modelo de ocupación estacional y/o periódico, con importantes diferencias entre los distintos entornos biogeográficos. Esto, unido a las estrategias de explotación de sus recursos, dará lugar a una variabilidad de mayor complejidad de lo tradicionalmente reconocido. El alto nivel de desarrollo tecnológico y su economía agrícola y pastoril han sido esgrimidos para explicar un origen foráneo, mientras el control exhaustivo del terreno circundante y la pervivencia de algunas tradiciones técnicas, han servido para defender la fuerza de las poblaciones de sustrato epipaleolíticas-mesolíticas.

We address the development of the first food-producing social formations of Andalusia, which, according to the currently best-dated sites, emerged between the second half of the 6th and the first quarter of the 5th millennia BC. Likewise, we discuss how these communities developed a seasonal settlement pattern with major differences according to bio-geographic environments. This, together with strategies for resource exploitation, gives place to a greater variability than hitherto acknowledged. The high technological development and the agro-pastoral economy have been argued to explain their foreign origin, whereas the exhaustive control of the surrounding territory and the continuity of certain technical traditions have been used to advocate the strength of the Epipaleolithic and Mesolithic substrate.

Galicia, líder en la producción de cuarcita piedra natural • Nueva Zelanda, tierra de terremotos • Las geo ➛ rutas del Parque Natural del Alto Tajo • Descubriendo China Ilustre Colegio Oficial de Geólogos Sumario 2 • EDITORIAL 3 • PARQUE MINERO DE ALMADÉN 15 • TECTÓNICA RECIENTE Y ACTIVA EN LA CORDILLERA DEL RIF (ALHUCEMAS, MARRUECOS) 26 • LA REVISTA GEMAS Y MINERALES

We present the results of the first year of the field work carried out at Lapa da Bugalheira (Almonda, Torres Novas) by the ARQEVO research project. We have identified an Early Neolithic occupation featuring a characteristic artefact assemblage with impressed wares (both cardial and “boquique”), geometric microliths and ornaments. The age of the assemblage has been corroborated by the radiocarbon dating of sheep and human bone samples. Comparable, coeval occupation contexts exist in the Central Limestone Massif of Estremadura, paramount among which is the Galeria da Cisterna’s (Almonda karst system).

In the last decades, archaeological research around the Neolithic societies has, following a global trend of Western Science, used the analytical tools of the hard sciences as a major tool to analyze social phenomena. The increase of the Laboratory’s role in archaeological explanation, a predictable out coming of Processual Archaeology, however should happen within a wider range of analytical methodologies where social sciences should be also present. Concerning the origins of food production societies, the still difficult perception of social mechanisms engage in the transition of hunter-gatherers to agro-pastoralist societies requires a cross reflection from different branches of science in order to understand how, and why, people and things moved in the Past, how economic and symbolic landscapes were designed, and how demographic transitions were achieved. Bringing the social issue into the debate as a major question to archaeologist and debating also some historiographic features of the archaeological discourse in a moment when Horizon 2020 is being implemented are these text goals.

The aim of this paper is to present the characterisation of the siliceous rocks from the Neolithic mine of Casa Montero (5400-5200 cal. BC). It is located in Madrid (Spain) and it occupies 4 hectares with 3897 mapped shafts, out of which 324 have been excavated throughout three field seasons.
This kind of study is essential in order to establish the diagnostic features of the raw material and to investigate the distribution of the mine’s products. An analysis of the relationship between different siliceous raw materials and the lithic operative chain has been carried out as well.
The characterisation has been performed using two methods: macroscopic description and petrological analysis. Seven macroscopic types (from 1 to 7) and four petrological groups (from A to D) have been established. The macroscopic classification has been found to be fundamental in the
analysis of the lithic remains, given the large volume of lithic material recovered in the site. The petrological classification provides a good method for identifying materials from the Casa Montero mine at other archaeological sites.
The observation of refits has suggested a preference for a certain raw material. In order to verify this, an statistical Factorial Analysis has been applied to study the representation of each phase of the lithic operative chain in each macroscopic type of raw material.