Mass Communication and Journalism

This essay posits American journalism as a particular realm of public knowledge production, inflected with its own professional practices as well as the way in which those practices subjugate technologies of representation. Taking the Arab Spring of 2011 as a case study in journalistic knowledge production, this article analyzes three epistemological conditions underscoring the Arab Spring’s development as an object of knowledge: the use of social media tools within the practice of journalism, the representational authority of the individual reporter, and the articulation of journalistic knowledge to broader institutions of liberal democratic power. While these are by no means the only possible themes of investigation, by looking at how journalistic practices rendered the Arab Spring sensible and worthy of public consideration, this essay hopes to reveal them as temporally and technologically contingent, but also linked to the values of liberal democracy that undergird journalism’s role in American public life.

Political control is one of the central and
conditioning aspects of the relationship
between journalists and politicians.
Through the perceptions of journalists
and politicians, this article analyzes the
validity, characteristics, and functioning
of one of the principal mechanisms of political
control: the journalistic oversight of
politics, which is linked to the watchdog
theory and political pressures on the media.
In addition, the degree of mediatization
of politics is measured with regard
to media autonomy. The methodology is
based on in-depth interviews of 45 participants
in Spain. The results indicate
the pre-eminence of political pressures
that are principally exercised via indirect
means (i.e., communications offices
and media enterprises). The latter are a
vehicle for channeling political control,
which reveals the weight of the factors
associated with political economy in the
relationship between journalists and
politicians. Finally, the low incidence of
journalistic oversight of politics reveals a
reduced level of mediatization in Spain.

Fake news is hardly new in journalism, and a sense of historical perspective is clarifying. A thumbnail history in Columbia Journalism Review has pointed to some superficial similarities in hoaxing over the ages “in editorial motive or public gullibility, not to mention the blurred lines between deliberate and accidental flimflam.” It cautions that “the great fake news panic of 2016” is an overreaction to “macro-level trends” that do not indicate real, significant changes in the media. But before agreeing to shrug off the significance of this recent spate of hoaxing, it is worth reviewing the history more carefully.

Our approach offers a view of the “Propaganda Model” developed by the linguist and American political activist Noam Chomsky 25 years ago and its current validity, with special emphasis on the five elements or filters. In this analysis, we tried to deconstruct the process and reflect on other components that filter the information. We also demonstrate how promoting this kind of analysis against the interests of the power groups in the ‘democratic societies’, tends to be marginalized institutionally.

Organizations’ internal publics, which generally comprises two categories of personnel, namely management staff and employees constitute some of the key elements that contribute toward realizing the goals and objectives of the organization. However, unlike non-academic organizations, institutions of higher (academic) learning have two additional categories of internal publics — academic staff and students. This makes such institutions a bit unique. Public relations (PR) as a management function and tool is utilized by the management between itself and all categories of internal publics to facilitate smooth information dissemination and communication for enhanced job performance. Hence, a unique type of PR practice capable of addressing the characteristic needs of the academic staff (who are directly involved with the students) in addition to those of the non-academic staff will be required. A critically review of extant literature surrounding the impacts of the practice of PR on job...

Data-driven journalism (DDJ) can be considered as journalism’s response to the datafication of society. To better understand the key components and development of this still young and fast evolving genre, we investigate what the field itself defines as its ‘gold-standard’: projects that were nominated for the Data Journalism Awards (DJA) from 2013 to 2016 (n= 225). Using a content analysis we examine, among other aspects, the data sources and types, visualisations, interactive features, topics, and producers. Our results demonstrate, for instance, only a few consistent developments over the years and a predominance of political pieces, of projects by newspapers and by investigative journalism organisations, of public data from official institutions as well as a glut of simple visualisations, which in sum echoes a range of general tendencies in data journalism. On the basis of our findings we evaluate DDJ’s potential for improvement with regard to journalism’s societal functions.

Watch out!!! The news you are watching might have been 'spiced up' before presentation!!!

Many Kenyans consume their news from the trusted local media houses in the country. Because they believe in these news sources to find out the truth and disseminate it to them.

To make their presentations impactful, the media houses have to frame the news they collect, prepare, and disseminate. Such process is useful in making the news meaningful and usable by the audience.
The sociology of news framing is aimed at influencing the behavior, perceptions, and even emotions of the audiences for which the news is prepared.

In this essay, an examination is made of the process of news framing, the typologies or methods of news framing, and the impact that such action of framing has on the recipients of the news.

The Public Broadcasting Act’s 50th anniversary provides an opportune
moment to reassess justifications for creating a noncommercial media system. This commemorative occasion coincides with a particularly precarious moment for public radio and television’s future, adding some urgency to revisiting and reasserting its normative foundations. With this in mind, it is instructive to look back at public broadcasting’s long history to recover some of the original arguments for establishing an alternative to commercial news media. These earlier visions suggest a social democratic ideal for broadcast media, one clearly recognizing that a market-driven system cannot provide for all of democratic society’s communication needs.

Previous studies have noted the dominance of official sources within the news process and their unique ability to shape media narratives. This research addresses the role and implications of news sources in contributing to the overwhelmingly positive portrayal of the anti-Mubarak opposition protesters within British and American newspaper coverage of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution. Furthermore, this paper will assess how the position of global political elites towards the protests in Egypt possibly opened up the editorial space within the news coverage of the revolution for the anti-Mubarak opposition movement to emerge as the dominant voice within the reporting.

Un "Cuadro Resumen" que registra, caracteriza y ordena ochocientas cincuenta (850) piezas textuales creadas por Salarrué para imprimirse en las planas del periódico «PATRIA» [1928-1938], se presenta en esta publicación. Este conjunto de «Inscripciones Salarruerianas» en «PATRIA» fueron recopiladas, cotejadas y sistematizadas bajo cánones académicos durante poco más de 10 años de investigación en instituciones culturales y educativas salvadoreñas. Se trata de una herramienta para la investigación que contiene el acervo más completo que da cuenta de la inserción y el aporte del insigne escritor salvadoreño en el memorable rotativo.

A teachers' manual to develop a critical understanding of communication and mass media through 95 lessons, 'Exercises in Media Education' is essential, systematic and fun. It wears its research and erudition lightly and strikes a blow at several ills. It fits well into schoolwork where this kind of stimulus could do lasting good but is usually absent. It provides a simple, hard-to-find framework for an understanding of the media, for study and discussion of the subject beyond the classroom and for that most important of requirements, responsible participation in the use of media. (Gerson da Cunha, Ex-Communication Executive in UNICEF) 
Publisher: Tej-prasarini, Don Bosco Communications, Matunga, Mumbai, India. 
Year: 1994/1999, Pages: 206,  ISBN 81-87060-10-7,
Email: <[email protected]>

„Manifestation of the Idea of European Unity – Living Magna Charta of Peace“: The Political Dimension of the PRESSA Cologne 1928 and its Reception in the Contemporary German and International Press“

The PRESSA was the most ambitious and comprehensive exhibition ever held to present modern journalism. The exhibition highlighted numerous facets of contemporary journalism, including its historical roots and its cultural, technical, economic and international interdependencies to a professional audience and the general public. In addition, the exhibition also had a political dimension. Its organisers wanted to demonstrate, with the first major international fair held on German soil after the end of the First World War, that the Reich was a great power and willing and capable of contributing actively to international peace and cooperation. The political dimension of the PRESSA found its expression in the speeches held during the opening and closing ceremonies and in the official publications of the exhibition.
As a result of these high expectations the PRESSA became an international media event. The German and foreign press reported extensively the opening and closing ceremonies, and the concept and contents of the exhibition. Furthermore, the press paid particular attention to the political dimension of the PRESSA, and to the crucial role of the Cologne exhibition – and the press generally – in furthering international peace and cooperation. The intensity and euphoria with which this idea was taken up in the press leads to the conclusion that the exhibition with its emphasis on the peace mission of the press had raised an issue that concerned politicians, the public, and the press worldwide.
This essay reconstructs the political dimension of the PRESSA and its reception in the German and international press. The first part analyses the political motivations of the organisers. The second part examines the coverage of the PRESSA in selected German and international newspapers, with particular emphasis on the treatment of the political dimension of the exhibition. The final part is devoted to the question of whether or not the coverage of the PRESSA and its peace mission was too optimistic, in particular in view of the political developments in Germany and Europe after the rise to power of Nazism in 1933.

There is now general agreement in the US that the traditional model for American journalism—the advertising-dependent newspaper—is increasingly unsustainable. But beyond that basic observation consensus falls apart. There is little agreement over what new model, if any, will replace the old. Debate continues over the severity of the crisis and what can be done about it. And, more specifically, there are stark differences over what the role of the state should be vis-à-vis the journalism crisis. Resolving these differences is beyond the scope of this chapter, but using the American journalism crisis as its primary case study, the following essay assesses the structural transformation of the press and its implications for democratic society. In seeking a sustainable future for journalism, the chapter concludes with policy recommendations aimed at salvaging public media from systemic market failure.

Organizations’ internal publics, which generally comprises two categories of personnel,
namely management staff and employees constitute some of the key elements that
contribute toward realizing the goals and objectives of the organization. However,
unlike non-academic organizations, institutions of higher (academic) learning have
two additional categories of internal publics — academic staff and students. This makes
such institutions a bit unique. Public relations (PR) as a management function and
tool is utilized by the management between itself and all categories of internal publics
to facilitate smooth information dissemination and communication for enhanced job
performance. Hence, a unique type of PR practice capable of addressing the characteristic
needs of the academic staff (who are directly involved with the students) in addition to
those of the non-academic staff will be required. A critically review of extant literature
surrounding the impacts of the practice of PR on job performance among employees
of Nigerian institutions of higher learning was performed. Additionally, critical
intra-organizational PR media capable of addressing the characteristic and specific
needs of the overall and specific internal publics were underscored and some policy
recommendations offered. This article concludes that effective PR (a PR practice that
addresses both the comprehensive and specific needs of the various classifications of
internal publics) enhances job performance and productivity.

"For nearly 40 years as a professional journalist, found in my career numerous political figures and of the business world who have tried to influence the way their image or interests are presented in the media, either by threat, persuasion of the strength of their power position, or by offering material rewards.
Case specific of this study, the 2006 exposed scandal of journalists of El Nuevo Herald, Spanish version of The Miami Herald and other media in Florida moonlighting of the Voice of America (VOA) service, Radio and TV Martí. We intend to show how for decades the federal Government has paid Hispanic journalists in Florida directly or indirectly through different budgets for non-profit organizations and financed publications with the pretext of patriotism and the fight against communism.
This case cost their work to ten journalists of El Nuevo Herald, a sports writer from the Hispanic television network Univisión, as well as the Director of The Miami Herald and its Spanish twin, El Nuevo Herald, current in these institutions practice to lay off or push for a res-ignation of journalists and editors, when scandals like this arise.
Based on the Herman and Chomsky’s 1988 five-filter propaganda model, the evidence of collaboration between mainstream media and governmental institutions or special interest organizations arise. The case of the New York Times coverage of the build-up towards the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003, the issue of weapons of mass destruction in general, focus us towards an extension of six-filter model that recent studies consider."

Il nuovo giornalista sarà sempre di più un content producer: dovrà essere in grado di intercettare l’informazione, di analizzarla, valutarla, e ridiffonderla, possibilmente in diversi formati. È questo l’identikit del professionista nell’era digitale disegnato da Marco Marsili nel libro “La rivoluzione dell'informazione digitale in Rete. Come Internet sta cambiando il modo di fare giornalismo” (Odoya, Bologna, 2009; prefazione Gianpiero Gamaleri, postfazione Massimo Esposti).

Selezionare nella marea di informazione del web sta diventando il vero valore aggiunto della professione. Trovare news davvero utili e favorirne la diffusione è una delle sfide più difficili per chi vuole esercitare questa professione in un momento storico di grandi cambiamenti: le barriere di accesso, tanto per cominciare, sono sempre più basse e chiunque può fare informazione attraverso il suo blog o caricare un servizio video. La crisi attuale di molte imprese editoriali e la dilagante sfiducia dei lettori verso la stampa sono altri segnali evidenti di un settore al bivio.

È vero che la rivoluzione digitale apre nuovi scenari molto interessanti: la lenta erosione del potere di una casta, lo spirito di collaborazione e condivisione delle notizie, la partecipazione dei lettori e il boom del citizen journalism, gli straordinari sviluppi delle tecnologie di connessione (si parla già di web 3.0!) e il sempre più facile accesso ai servizi. Non ultimo la prospettiva di nuove figure professionali. Ma la rete pone anche delle
problematiche di non facile soluzione: quanto è neutrale il web? Chi controlla l’accesso? Chi garantisce la sicurezza? Come combattere il digital divide?

Problematiche che Marco Marsili, docente di Teorie e tecniche del linguaggio giornalistico presso l’Università degli Studi dell’Insubria,
direttore responsabile de "La Voce d’Italia" (uno dei più importanti quotidiani indipendente on line), prospetta già nelle prime pagine di introduzione, per poi affrontare in ogni capitolo tutti i diversi aspetti del giornalismo di oggi. Giornalismo inteso come processo, come lavoro e come industria. Ne esce un vero manuale non solo per chi fa questa professione o vi aspira, ma utile per coloro che vogliono capire di più dell’ecosistema delle telecomunicazioni, dei modelli di produzione e fruizione delle news, dei rapporti tra politica e informazione, degli interessi nascosti, delle distorsioni degli aiuti statali, delle problematiche aperte e delle false ideologie che circolano nell’era del web 2.0.

Ogni capitolo presenta in genere qualche elemento storico che rende più completa la lettura del presente e meno azzardata – anzi, sempre circostanziata e molto argomentata - di qualche ipotesi di sviluppo futuro. Si comincia dalla stampa: un focus sul panorama editoriale italiano e internazionale, il passaggio dalla carta al web, lo stato di salute dei giornali (non certamente buono), i rapporti tra informazione e politica. La chiarezza sulle dinamiche di potere presenti dietro i giornali non serve a innescare una sterile polemica, piuttosto aiuta a capire perché una
testata fa determinate scelte e non altre, e quali sono le conseguenze di avere in Italia solo editori il cui core business non è mai l’impresa editoriale: costruzioni, motori, moda, tutto ma non i giornali.

L’approccio è lo stesso anche per gli altri capitoli sulla pubblicità on line, le reti dell’informazione e del sapere (documentatissima la sezione dedicata alla banda larga), il giornalismo on line in tutte le sue articolazioni (tecnogiornalismo, tv su web, cellulari, peer to peer, video, social network…), la proprietà intellettuale e la privacy fino al funzionamento dei motori di ricerca. Tanti i nodi che via via emergono, a partire dalla crisi della stampa, la mancanza di indipendenza e pluralismo, la partita del digitale terrestre, il freno del monopolio allo sviluppo delle infrastrutture per la connessione veloce a Internet, il problema del rispetto della privacy da parte delle piattaforme di behavoural targeting.

Pagina dopo pagina il lettore si sente così più accorto e consapevole delle straordinarie opportunità che la rete offre per fare informazione ma anche dei suoi problemi, delle questioni chiave che bisognerebbe affrontare per realizzare un sistema editoriale più solido, capace di produrre informazione di qualità. “Collaborazione, organizzazione e innovazione costituiscono i presupposti irrinunciabili sui quali deve essere fondata
qualsiasi iniziativa che voglia avere una qualche possibilità di successo”, dice in sintesi l’autore. Come agire in questa direzione, però, non è di così semplice evidenza.

Proprio di fronte a un quadro così completo sembra ancora più difficile rispondere a quelle domande iniziali poste dall'autore: come sta cambiando il giornalismo con la rete? Chi sopravviverà a questa rivoluzione digitale? E soprattutto quali forme sta assumendo il giornalismo in un mondo di contenuti gratuiti dove il problema è disporre di un budget sufficiente a garantire la ricerca di fonti attendibili, l’accuratezza dei contenuti, il giusto compenso del collaboratore, la sopravvivenza di una testata?

Certamente Marsili offre “una messe rilevante di dati e di chiavi interpretative”, spiega Gamaleri nella prefazione, aiutandoci a formare “le griglie mentali che ci consentono di cogliere il cambiamento”, perché la più grande sfida per l’uomo è sempre stata quella di “padroneggiare la trasformazione che egli stesso ha messo in movimento”.

abstract The screen adaptation of the novella Devdas by Saratchandra Chattopadhyay is an important landmark in early Indian cinema. A prominent film, screened in four Indian languages (Bengali, Hindi, Telugu and Tamil), it seems to offer a novel vision of romantic love and romanticism. This article critiques the fanciful interpretations of the film provided by some postmodern academics in the field of comparative literature. It endeavours to place the film both as text and cinematic work into a broader perspective based on the study of intertextuality of three renditions: Raghavaiah's Devdas (Telugu, 1953), Bimal Roy's Devdas (Hindi, 1955) and Bhansali's Devdas (Hindi, 2002). Grounded in cultural theory and Indian performative aesthetics coupled with moving image analysis, this study highlights the underlying, deep-rooted romanticism embedded in Indian philosophical and aesthetic traditions of devotion between atma (individual soul) and paramatma (absolute soul), personifying Paro/Chandramukhi as atma and Devdas as paramatma. This article, part of a larger project on de-Westernising media studies, makes a critical intervention in current South Asian Studies by aiming to provide a novel theoretical framework to which the philosophical and traditional tenets grounding the novella of Devdas can be anchored.

İfade özgürlüğü haklarını gazetecilik yoluyla kullanan kişilerin, işlerini hiçbir kısıtlama olmaksızın yapabilmeleri gerekir. Buna rağmen gazeteciler, sürekli olarak şiddet ve tehditlerin hedefi olmakta. Küreselleşme ve dijitalleşme çağında ise hiçbir tarafın, gazeteciliği ve ifade özgürlüğünü koruma sorumluluğunu tek başına taşıması mümkün değil. Dolayısıyla, söz konusu sorumluluğun hem ulusal hem de küresel düzeyde devlet, mahkemeler, medya şirketleri, gazetecilik örgütleri ve STK’ler ile sivil toplum tarafından ortak olarak üstlenilmesi gerekir.
Gazeteciliği korumaya yönelik ortak çabaları desteklemek için, araştırmaya dayalı bilgiye artan bir gereksinim bulunuyor. İşte bu gereksinimin varlığını kabul eden elinizdeki yayının amacı da, gazetecilerin güvenliğini bir araştırma alanı olarak vurgulamak ve güçlendirmek, dünya çapında katılımı teşvik etmek ve hem daha fazla diyaloğa hem de yeni araştırma girişimlerine ilham vermek. Kitaptaki katkılar, hem ampirik hem de teorik araştırmalar üzerine farklı perspektifleri temsil ettiği gibi, nicel ve nitel anlamda bilgiye dayandırılmış pek çok içgörü de sunuyor. Makaleler, yeni ve önemli bir disiplinlerarası araştırma alanının bilfiil ortaya çıktığını ve aslında temel meselenin aynı kaldığını gösteriyor: Gazetecilere yönelik şiddet ve tehditler ifade özgürlüğüne yönelik bir saldırı teşkil etmeyi sürdürüyor.

Terrorism by an Islamist group known as Boko Haram has been raging in Nigeria since 2009 and has spilled over into neighboring countries of Cameroon, Chad and Niger. Consequently, two million people have been displaced, 100,000 lives lost and properties worth N3.2 trillion ($9 billion) destroyed in the three-worst hit northeastern states of Adamawa, Borno and Yobe. The Federal Government has been collaborating with the international community in the counter-terrorism, gaining huge successes including the rescuing of nearly 200 of the 276 Chibok schoolgirls kidnapped in 2014 and dislodging the terrorists from their base in the infamous Sambisa Forest. However, the Government’s militarized approach toward the counter-terrorism has been critiqued in the literature, with suggestions for a multi-dimensional approach. This book recommends a research approach and proposes the Adoption and Use of Cyber Technology by Terror Groups Model (AUCTTGM). The model is expected to explain and predict factors determining terror groups’ cyber technology usage to threaten the peace and spread annihilative extremist propaganda in society as well as proffer clues to the ways of ending terrorism for good.

In order to find solutions in the current panorama of “post-truth” and “anti-intellectualism,” a recent report from the Science and Technology Committee of the House of Commons has suggested a move towards more direct communication from experts. Since some historical examples have shown that experts’ excessive confidence and patronisation of the public resulted in breaking trust between Science and Society, my study focuses on the possible pitfalls of direct communication from experts. I took the TED Talks format as a case study, as its core feature is precisely a direct popularisation of any topic from the most authoritative experts in any field. My quantitative and textual analysis of TED Talks on Artificial Intelligence (AI) highlighted that the tone of the majority of the talks given by experts in the field is overly optimistic and patronising, and that AI is depicted through a discourse of unchallengeability and inevitability. My analysis has also shown that the only talks which present less commanding tones, and tackling issues, are those given by non-experts. With non- experts I mean speakers whose expertise is not strictly related to the research and development of AI. My study emphasised the potential dangers of seeing the developers of a technology also as the most authoritative communicators about that technology. I concluded that, if we want to build a long-lasting bond of trust between Science and Society, we need to provide different angles, which require voices from people who are not directly touched in their work by public discussion. This necessity ultimately reaffirms mediators as key-figures in the communication between experts and the public.

As devices become a more visible and integral part of media practice, it is important for researchers and scholars to attend to the ways in which philosophies, professional discourses, and technical limits structure the ways these technologies are deployed. The 35mm camera is a technological waypoint between earlier large format cameras and contemporary digital photography, and offers a useful historical example for interrogating the relationship between seemingly inert technical operations and journalism’s modes of meaning production. To that end, this paper offers a theoretical perspective for interrogating the 35mm camera through the lens of Latour, with the aim of developing a schema for integrating devices into the cultural study of media and communication.

Mindanao is the Philippine's second largest island in the south. Identifying Mindanao-based documentaries that have development themes remain unknown or unacknowledged. Using Phenomenology as theoretical framework and method, as a result, the researcher found out that similar to other documentary films in other parts of the country and the world, the themes showed by Mindanao-based documentaries reflect  in agriculture, health, women and children, environment and population.
However unlike its other foreign and local counterparts, a number of Mindanao-based documentaries anchor the mentioned development themes under the context of peace and conflict situation, human rights, indigenous peoples and their ancestral domains.

Having a finger on the pulse of one’s region is not an easy job, especially if that one is a woman. Alike, it wasn’t an easy ride for Shukla, Koshti, Gandhimathi and many others like them. But now, they rule the airwaves via Community Radios (CR), which broadcasts programs in regional languages to respective villages. Women have always made their mark in every sphere of life that even CR is not alien to this. There are over 400 CR stations presently in India, out of which many are run for/by women in rural areas. CR is a participatory tool for communication which provides a platform to create awareness, provide information and education, improve skills or empower.
This paper shall focus on how CR provides an opportunity for women’s access to information and allows them to break through the shackles of patriarchy and have their voices heard. By examining the opportunities for and challenges faced by women who participate in CR, this study offers insights into how CR has the potential to reshape the lives of women.
This research aims to do a content analysis of five CR stations run by women, which are selected randomly from each zone of India i.e. North, East, West, South and Central. They will be analyzed on how they gain a voice that matters and also, how they enhance the inclusion of women in CR. Written as a crossover between gender and CR, the author looks at how the CR movement, policy, and practice in India act as a tool for rural women development and proves to be an instrument in changing their lives.

Keywords: Community Radio, Empowerment, Rural Areas

With the rapid advancements in technology and the democratization of media topology in Nigeria, many people are increasingly gaining access to the media and becoming empowered to actively participate in public debate about issues affecting them in addition to having a great deal of online social interactions. However, people's access to and interactions with technology and other media have given rise to a host of malicious effects-propagation of doubtful and fabricated content. This has been shown to have the potential to adversely influence people's lives and sense of judgment, especially regarding democratic processes such as political campaigns during which many malicious fabricated contents are disseminated. In recent history, from 2016, election campaigns in various countries across the world have highlighted how fake news can be targeted at specific people or individuals to influence and misguide them, and even influence polls results. Ever since, issues surrounding fake news and its impacts on democratic and social settings have been gaining pervasive research attention. Hence, the urge to explore the concepts of misinformation and democracy from a Nigerian context through a review of extant literature. In conclusion, several propositions were made, and a conceptual framework was designed for future research to explore the concept and empirically proffer solutions to the growing menace.

Skandalet, korrupsioni dhe krimet në Këshillin e Bashkësisë Islame (KBI) të Skënderajt por edhe në Bashkësinë Islame të Kosovës (BIK) jo vetëm që nuk kanë të ndaluar por bëhen edhe më të ndjeshme. Në vazhdimin e parë të kësaj analize, që mendojmë se e keni lexuar, kishte një interesim të madh nga mediat për t’i vërtetuar dhe hulumtuar më tutje dukuritë në fjalë. Ai interesim edhe na e shtyu botimin e pjesës së dytë ose këtë që po e lexoni tani, për shkak se duhej të ishim në dispozicion të japim sqarimet që kërkoheshin, qoftë për mediat, qoftë nga për subjektet të cilat ishin objekt i skandaleve si KBI në Skënderaj. Disa media si TV7 menjëherë kishin filluar me hulumtimin e skandaleve të raportuara në analizën tonë ose pjesën e parë. Nga ana tjetër, edhe KBI i Skënderajt ishte vënë në lëvizje, por jo në funksion të sqarimit, paraqitjes së kundër argumenteve, demantimit apo ndërmarrjes së masave korrigjuese. Ata në KBI ishin mobilizuar që nga fillimi kur e kanë hasur analizën tonë, për shantazhe, censurë ose pengim me çdo kusht që të ndalohet kudo që është e mundur analiza, sepse ishte e vërtetë. Këtë e vërtetoj edhe redaksia e TV7 kur dërgoj reporterin në Skënderaj për t’i hulumtuar akuzat që i përmbante analiza e jonë, ku ishte shpërfillur ose ndjekur, me çka reporteri dhe redaksia e TV7 binden menjëherë se ky veprim i KBI-së ishte pranim i fajësisë. Pas tyre, TV7 u drejtohet autorëve të analizës dhe kërkon intervistë në formë të sqarimit të mëtejmë. Meqenëse autori i parë i analizës (Gazmend Hoti) ishte jashtë Kosovës, atëherë për intervistë pajtohet autori i dytë, Isa Mulaj, i cili ishte më kompetent për lëminë e tij të hulumtimeve, atë të krimeve financiare, që në rastin konkret kishte të bënte me plaçkitjen e fondit të pensioneve punonjësve të KBI në Skënderaj nga ana e kryetarit të KBI-së, Nexhmi Maksuti. Intervista e realizuar nga TV7 me Isa Mulajn duhej të transmetohej brenda ditëve, eventualisht më së largu brenda javës. Kaluan mbi dy muaj dhe kronika e përgatitur nuk u transmetuan kurrë. Atë e kishte ndalur ose censuruar ndërhyrja e Sami Lushtakut. Meqenëse ky doli kryeshefi i skandaleve, atëherë na detyron t’ua rikujtojmë pak veprimtarinë e tij të mëhershme me skandale në KBI të Skënderajt.

Financial Literacy is an incredibly significant aspect of life these days. Post the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, Financial Literacy's purpose and relevancy are more than ever. This paper draws a comparison study between the level of financial Literacy possessed by students belonging to business backgrounds and students from business and media backgrounds. This comparison will help determine the levels of financial Literacy of postgraduate students and their efficacy in managing their day-today finances. The study will also draw light on why financial Literacy is very much relevant. The reason media background students have been selected to be compared against business background students is because, media and journalism studies involve financial or business journalism, and financial journalism plays a pivotal role I the finance markets.

‘The original [Panguna mine] agreement overrode our customs, denied us our land rights and was too rushed. It contradicts our way of life; what comes from the land should benefit the landowners … nobody else. ’
A Nasioi militant landowner

APART from convoys with soldiers riding shotgun and yellow ochre Bougainville Copper Limited trucks packed with security forces sporting M16s, you would hardly guess that a guerrilla war was in progress near the Bougainville provincial capital of Arawa. But once you reached the sandbagged machinegun nest in Birempa village at the foot of the rugged mountain jungles of the Crown Prince Range, the tension started to rise.
Scanning the dense vegetation for a sign of the militants of the Bougainville Republican Army (BRA)—known as Rambos in the first year of the decade-long civil war – the Papua New Guinea Defence Force soldier manning the machinegun didn’t notice the irony of the T-shirt he was wearing.
Chapter 16 of Don't Spoil My Beautiful Face: Media, Mayhem and Human Rights in the Pacific, by David Robie (2014). ISBN 9781877484254

The purpose of this article is to explore African form of indigenous mass communication with emphasis on
Ethiopian indigenous form mass communication institutions, tools, manuscripts, and regulatory bodies. The
method employed for this study is qualitative. First hand documents, tools and observation were considered as
sources of primary data. Furthermore, pertinent literatures were reviewed. The data was analyzed qualitatively
where description of the responses on the bases of themes was given emphasis. The finding of this study argued
that drum beating, horn blowing and town crying are a form of mass communications in the ancient time. In the
ancient time news in Africa was first made public from the tower in the center, squares of the city, palace main
stairs, market and church. Town Criers, Azmari and shepherds were the journalists and the essential news
presenter in ancient times. In the same manner, Afe Negus (mouth of the King) and Tsehafe Tezaze (Minister of
Pen) was originally indigenous information regulatory bodies of the empire regime. This research discovered the
oldest African news paper in Ethiopia a news sheet entitled Zena mewale (Daily News) and the first written news
story inscriptions of king Ezana are the first type of African news, which dates back to 320 A.D. Zena mewale is
believed to be the first handmade press so far known in Africa for 700 years. This confirmed that Ethiopia has
3000 years of indigenous form of oral mass communication and handmade press history in Africa.
Keywords: Africa-Ethiopia. Forms of indigenous mass communication, Indigenous mass communication, Tools
of traditional mass communication.
http://www.apcjss.com/publication-show/2020/July/91/3230

Parallel with the global spread of the novel coronavirus pandemic, a dangerous ‘disinfodemic’ has been infecting the flow of information worldwide. Communication and media outlets have faced a new challenge with not only being responsible for reportage and analysis of a fast-moving public health emergency—the biggest this century, but forced to sift through the mass circulation of falsehoods that have spread as rapidly as the virus. Concerned about the risks for both health and public responses to disinformation, United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres identified the ‘new enemy’ as a ‘growing surge of disinformation’. The UN launched a COVID-19 Communications for Solidarity Initiative to rapidly inform people about facts and science and to ‘promote and inspire acts of humanity’ globally. New Zealand is one of the few countries in the world whose strategy of COVID elimination has been a sustained approach to ‘keep the virus out, find it and stamp it out’. Evoking a theme of ‘our team of five million’ and national kindness, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern has led a remarkable campaign blending decisive action and transparency. In this context, this article critically examines a four-month ‘Coronavirus Plus’ initiative conducted by the Pacific Media Centre at a communication programme in one of the New Zealand’s universities in response to the pandemic, deploying the Asia Pacific Report website, asiapacificreport.nz.

Kovach and Rosenstiel wrote the book “The Elements of Journalism” to discuss and identify the essential practices and principles in journalism. Written in eleven chapters, the book presents the elements of journalism and how is it being practiced by the media. The book review looks into the Philippine situation from the points raised and principles discussed by Kovach and Rosenstiel. The review shows that the Philippine media as one of the agents of political socialization keep democracy alive and people with power in check.

This position paper examines the interlnkage between mass media reporting of terrorism in Kenya and growing evidence of radicalisation, recruitment and an increasing number of violent attacks. A number of suggestions for media practice are made.

The Routledge Companion to Alternative and Community Media provides an authoritative and comprehensive examination of the diverse forms, practices and philosophies of alternative and community media across the world.

The volume offers a multiplicity of perspectives to examine the reasons why alternative and community media arise, how they develop in particular ways and in particular places, and how they can enrich our understanding of the broader media landscape and its place in society.