Manipur

The Manipur conflict, which began in mid-2023, highlights deep-seated ethnic tensions between the Meitei and Kuki-Zo communities, escalating into a humanitarian crisis with over 225 deaths and the displacement of 60,000 people. Amid the violence, improvised weapons like "pumpi guns" have gained prominence. Rooted in historical resistance movements, pumpi guns are crafted from locally sourced materials, reflecting resourcefulness and resilience. Their widespread use underscores the challenges of regulating non-industrial weapons in conflict zones. These weapons are pivotal for community defense and symbolic of local craftsmanship and identity, especially in the hill districts. Pumpi guns have evolved in design and utility, serving both defensive and offensive roles, including ambushes and territorial control. Despite their efficacy, they pose risks such as misfires and injuries. The conflict's dynamics are further complicated by cross-border exchanges with Myanmar, including the trafficking of precursor materials and 3D-printed arms. Addressing this issue requires a multifaceted approach, combining stricter arms control, enhanced stockpile security, and regional cooperation. Socio-economic measures, such as vocational training and economic integration, are critical to offering alternatives to illicit weapons production. However, sustainable peacebuilding efforts must address underlying grievances, foster trust between communities and authorities, and integrate rebel groups into state structures to ensure a holistic resolution.

This is a paper written during the Manipur unrest of 2024 (still passively continuing). It also Talks about affect on Japan since it was written for a Japanese Think Tank.
This is a comprehensive analysis of the situation and gives a way forward as well.

The authors, investigating the endemic plants of Kerala State, India, under a project sponsored by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, collected specimens of three species of Ischaemum L. from different localities of the State. After critical study and ...

This study explores the significant contributions of traditional Manipuri dance
(Jagoi) and Pung drumming to the socio-cultural development of Manipur, a northeastern
state of India. Manipuri dance, characterized by its lyrical grace, lasya movements, and
spiritual themes, encompasses key forms such as Raas Leela, Lai Haraoba, and ThangTa. Pung drumming, or Pung Cholom, integrates complex rhythms with vigorous dance
movements, emphasizing musicality, rhythm, and physicality. These traditional arts play
a crucial role in preserving Manipur's cultural heritage, fostering community cohesion,
and providing educational value. They also contribute to the local economy through
cultural tourism and have garnered national and international recognition, enhancing
cultural pride and encouraging the preservation of unique traditions. By examining the
multifaceted impact of these art forms, the study highlights their essential role in enriching
Manipur's social and cultural landscape

This literature review explores the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on the business performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). It examines how ICT adoption influences operational efficiency, communication, decision-making, and overall competitiveness in the MSME sector.

In our recent visit to Manipur as a team of the Centre for Study of Society and Secularism to study the conflict in the state, it was not very difficult to conclude that the people of the state are living under the shadow of guns. They have long waited for elusive peace. The Meitei-Kuki conflict, which escalated on 3rd May 2023, has brought forth wider issues faced by the people in the state of Manipur, including the fragile rule of law, and failure of the state in managing inter-ethnic conflicts. Peace, ‘rule of law’ and effective functioning of democratic institutions seems to be very remote in this ethnically polarised state.
The state has failed miserably in instilling confidence in the citizens regarding their security. Guns of the militants that are supposed to protect the ethnic community to which they belong, end up have a chilling effect on the moderates and dissenting voices within the community. Take for example, Arambai Tenggol – a Meitei militant group – which started in 2020 as a cultural organisation, but has been radicalised, and according to the Kuki groups, was allegedly involved in the Metei-Kuki riots in May 2023. The organisation ‘issued summons’ to the Meitei MLAs and the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha MPs representing valley areas of the state in Manipur, to assemble at Kangla Fort on 24th January, 2024. The ‘summons’ of Arambai Tenggol were honoured by the elected representatives from the valley districts as the organisation has armed itself. All the elected representatives were made to take an oath that they would fight for the demands of the Meitei community, which included delisting of Kukis from the Scheduled Tribes list, deportation of Kuki refugees to camps in Mizoram, border fencing, replacement of Assam Rifles with other paramilitary force and revoking Suspension of Operations (SoO) agreement between the Centre and Kuki militant groups (Explained Desk, 2024). If the elected representatives and ministers of the state government can be pressurised to sign the demands of the organisation, then no Meitei would feel free to hold her independent opinion if she wants to stay in the valley.

The paper briefly presents the history of Thado-Kuki, the purpose of Indoi and ends with a refutation by challenging the growing trend which equated Indoi with the "Most High God" in their attempt to "re-discover" their own respective "savior."

Manipur, one of India’s Seven Sister States, carries a rich history of its people’s fight for freedom. Its hills, forests, and plains are woven with stories of resistance and struggle. Women, in particular, have played a central role in this narrative. From the legendary Chitrangada to the fearless Irom Sharmila, these are not just names but symbols of courage and patriotism. The women of Manipur are not limited to the traditional notion of being "half the sky". Their contributions stretch far beyond, shaping the entire landscape of the region's fight for independence.

In this book, the author explores these stories through clear and accessible language. By drawing on primary sources, the work invites readers to reflect deeply on the pivotal role women have played in shaping Manipur's history.

This documentary explores the vital care work undertaken by Nupa Maanba, a community of Manipuri transmen, for internally displaced children amid the ongoing civil conflict along the India-Myanmar border. Through intimate storytelling and firsthand accounts, the film highlights their resilience, dedication, and the critical role they play in providing support and hope to vulnerable children during these challenging times.

Produced in collaboration with Ya_All: Manipur, an LGBTQ Youth organization, and funded by Orfalea Center, UC Santa Barbara.

As India, the world’s largest democracy and the most populous country, is holding its eighteenth national elections beginning April 19 until June 1, in one remote corner of the country bordering Myanmar, the state of Manipur has been reeling under an ongoing ethnic conflict. Described as “India’s Blood-Soaked War Zone” by the New York Times, this conflict that began on May 3, 2023 has claimed the lives of hundreds of people and rendered nearly eighty thousand homeless, currently living as internally displaced people. As we write this article together, there are reports of people from both the communities, the Meiteis and the Kukis involved in heavy firing at each other in the foothills of Manipur on April 12, which was shared widely on social media in an age of livestreamed war and global conflict. Manipur also reported world’s longest internet shutdown in 2023 and is experiencing an economic distress and rising inflation as businesses have been forced to shut down and many others already shifted to neighboring states. At such a catastrophic time of uncertainty and vulnerability, what do the upcoming elections hold for the future of three million Manipuris from across thirty-five ethnic communities?

The 2020 crime thriller web series Paatal Lok featured a Nepali trans
woman by the name of Mary Lyngdoh who is referred to as ‘Cheeni’
(a racial epithet for persons from India’s Northeast region and East
Asia). The series has been lauded for its inclusive representation of a
transgender actor, Henthoi Mairembam from Manipur, yet the
choice of a Khasi name, ‘Mary Lyngdoh’, for a Nepali character as
well as the use of ‘Cheeni’ as an alias raise multiple questions about
racialization and queer politics in India. This arbitrary racialized
characterization in Paatal Lok and its queer Northeast representation
can serve as critical points of departure to examine the emerging
LGBTQ politics in Northeast India. This paper attempts to
highlight the convergences and incommensurability of LGBTQ politics
in the region, particularly in Manipur, with that of mainland
India. Against the backdrop of the history of militarization and
conflict in Northeast India, LGBTQ individuals migrants from the
region are further racialized in India’s metropolitan centers. This
geopolitical alienation is felt by LGBTQ persons from the Northeast
at the scale of the body. LGBTQ politics in Manipur represents a new
form of resistance that introduces ‘Indigeneity’ as an identity and an
epistemic category to counter the assimilationist projects of
Hindutva’s authoritarian nationalism.

The research has its premise based on the NorthEast Indian region, especially in Manipur. NorthEast India has a centuries old history and traditions to follow with their rich mythologies and cultural importance which can only sustain with preservation of language. There are countless languages and dialects which are in endangered state whereas some have gone extinct. Such languages are revived by some enthusiastic writers who are writing extensively in these endangered languages to keep it alive. The paper examines such great works of the selected writers like Smriti Kumar Sinha and Linthoi Chanu. The research is an endeavor to assess the multiple experiences of NorthEast Indian tribal people with their social, political and cultural relevance. The situation of tribal people in the backdrops of pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial times is the pertinent reference point of the study.

The Kachari Civilization, the most widespread civilization, temporally and spatially, in the Greater Brahmaputra Valley (Northeast India) and beyond, is the least studied on the subcontinent. Over two centuries ago, British colonials discovered remains of a fortified brick city in Dimapur, Nagaland, attributed to the Kachari Kingdom belonging to the medieval period, revealing a sophisticated arched gateway, carved sandstone pillars, temples, tanks, canals, and causeways, yet it remained uninvestigated by archaeologists until this project. Nothing was known beyond the few standing relics and their relations with the invading Ahoms. The site's destruction due to various construction projects prevented accomplishing the many desired objectives, chiefly to establish cultural and chronological sequences. Despite encountering overwhelming obstacles, this paper highlights new evidence, including ceramics and C¹⁴ dates, retrieved from the circumscribed excavations (extended trial trenches), revealing that Dimapur, the Kachari Kingdom's first capital, predates the advent of the Ahoms in 1228 by more than a millennium.

What are the potentialities and limits of nonviolence as a method of resistance against modern biopolitics? This article offers an ethnographic account of Irom Sharmila's sixteen-year-long hunger strike against the continued state of emergency in the Indian state of Manipur. It interrogates how she envisioned the protest, the objectives that she set, and how her protest came to an end. This article demonstrates that her protest was not about a will to death, as it has often been described, but instead was based on a radical distribution of responsibility among the people suffering under the regime of violence. Her nonviolent protest as a Gandhian practice was directed particularly at the entailments of violence. In challenging the state but refusing to emulate it, she became an exemplar. She became the one who could not be killed even by the state with exceptional powers. Finally, by contrasting her protest with Manipuri nationalism, this article shows how the ethics of nonviolence offers a unique vision for peace and liberation.

An Edited book, 'Beyond the Headlines 2023-24' includes expert commentary on top trending news of 2023, covering topics like the Silkyara Rescue Operation, Uniform Civil Code in Uttarakhand, India's Space Mission, AI & Robotics, Indian Economy, Atmanirbhar Bharat, Bhartiya Nayay Sanhita, Sinking Joshimath, Ethnic War in Manipur, and the Construction of the Ram Mandir.

The Northeast part of India is experiencing an increase in infrastructure projects as well as landslides. This study aims to prepare the landslide susceptibility map of Tamenglong and Senapati districts, Manipur, India, and evaluates the state of landslide susceptibility along the Imphal-Jiribam railway corridor. Efficient statistical methods such as frequency ratio (FR), information value (IoV), weight of evidence (WoE), and weighted linear combination (WLC) were used in model preparation. A total of 322 landslide points were randomly divided into training (70%) and testing (30%) datasets. Nine causative factors were utilized for landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM). The importance of which was obtained using the information gain (IG) method. FR, IoV, WoE, and WLC were used to prepare the LSM using the training datasets and nine causative factors. Moreover, the accuracy and consistency were evaluated using AUC-ROC, precision, recall, overall accuracy (OA), balanced accuracy (BA), and F-score. The validation results showed that all methods performed well with the highest AUC and precision values of 0.913 and 0.95, respectively, for the IoV method, while the WLC method had the highest OA, BA, and F-score values of 0.808, 0.81, and 0.812, respectively. Finally, the results from LSM were used to evaluate the state of landslide susceptibility along the Imphal-Jiribam railway corridor. The results showed that 34% of the areas had high and very high susceptibility, while 40% were under less and significantly less susceptibility. The Tupul landslide area lay in medium susceptibility where the disastrous landslide occurred on 30 June 2022. Susceptibility values around the Noney and Khongsag railway station ranged from high to very high susceptibility. Thus, the study manifests the need for LSM preparation in rapidly constructing areas, which in turn will help the policymakers and planners for adopting strategies to minimize losses caused due to landslides.

Meitei Thum, a traditional salt from Manipur, India, embodies the rich cultural and historical legacy of the Meitei people. Its production, deeply intertwined with the region’s unique geographical features, reflects age-old practices and sustainability. The salt is harvested from natural springs and wells in districts such as Thoubal, Imphal, and Ukhrul, where the distinct geological formations contribute to its unique mineral composition. This traditional method of salt production has been passed down through generations, highlighting the Meitei people's profound connection to their environment and cultural heritage.
Historically, Meitei Thum has been more than a culinary staple; it played a significant role in traditional medicine and various ceremonial practices. The meticulous process of extracting brine, boiling it to evaporate the water, and crystallizing the salt is labor-intensive, requiring considerable skill and patience. This method not only preserves the salt’s distinctive qualities but also aligns with sustainable practices, minimizing environmental impact. The salt's production is often accompanied by cultural rituals, emphasizing its spiritual significance and the community's respect for natural resources.
In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in traditional and organic food products, including Meitei Thum. This renewed appreciation is driven by a growing awareness of the benefits of traditional food practices and a desire to preserve cultural heritage. Efforts to sustain and promote traditional salt production methods are crucial for maintaining the region's ecological balance and cultural diversity. Local and regional markets increasingly value Meitei Thum for its unique taste, health benefits, and its role as a symbol of cultural identity.
The contemporary relevance of Meitei Thum highlights the importance of integrating traditional practices into modern contexts. By promoting and preserving the traditional methods of Meitei Thum production, the legacy of this cultural treasure can continue to enrich the cultural and ecological landscape of Manipur. This not only supports the local economy but also ensures that future generations can experience and appreciate the cultural significance of Meitei Thum.

Vernacular Politics in Northeast India is a collection of 14 essays illustrating a comprehensive understanding of 'interwoven processes' (p. 5), which tie together northeastern India's disparate and divergent politics. The emphasis on interwoven processes implies that the politics at various scales-state, region and local-are deeply interconnected and influenced by each other in complex ways. The volume's editor, Jelle J.P. Wouters, and 15 authors examine the 'vernacular' of politics across diverse geographies and contexts within the region. Wouters rightly argues that using the term 'vernacular' is important and urgent for foregrounding the complexities of political life in northeastern India. He further explains that there is a gap in understanding the political dynamics of the region, which often leads to under-theorization and misreading of political lives. Overall, the book offers an analysis of how the 'local' informs the power struggles in northeastern India and how national political processes, in turn, shape the 'vernacular' politics.

This article discusses the politics of othering that has emerged from the war on drugs and emergent forest policy in Manipur. While the war on drugs is not only anachronistic in its approach but also selective in its outrage, the forest policy is mainly the re-manifestation of the old colonial interest of enclosing the commons and establishing complete state control over the forests. This renewed attempt at reservation of forests has been selective in its target thereby engulfing the state once again into the long-drawn ethnic politics, leading to further marginalisation of the hill communities.

At this time, I again reboot the need to establish RSS/Hindutva Research Institute <https://www.indiancurrents.org/article-an-appeal-for-hindutvarashtriya-swayamsevak-sangh-rss-research-institute-arockia-rayappan-2186.php> as per the need of the locality in each state most importantly in vernacular language and English so that each RSS Research Institute can share with each other their its findings and resources to open the eyes of the RSS-vadis to the historic-cultural-ethical-human rights damages they cause not only to the innocent religious minorities in India but also to the millions of young Hindus such as this student in this real life story.

It is highly encouraged to invest sustainably in the research studies on the ideologies that influence the current political mainline parties. We cannot just make observations and sweeping statements and forget about them altogether. Our attempt is to investigate and study the root causes and development of these ideologies that perpetuate an environment of fear and discord and thereby bring about a societal decline. It is amidst this background, I strongly advocate the establishment of Research Centres to study about Hindutva, Sangh-Parivar, Vishwa Hindu Parishad, the historical development of Hindutva ideology, and the contributive factors of this emerging ideology and its presence in politics, bureaucracy, journalism, and constitutional intuitions.

Manipur is one of the prominent north eastern states of India where different indigenous (yelhoumee) communities such as Meitei/Meetei, Pangals, some sections of Kukis and Nagas have been settled for a long time. The Pangal community are settled in the valley areas. This community is an educationally, economically, and socially disadvantaged community among the indigenous communities of Manipur, though they have contributed a lot in all affairs of the state. According to the 2011 census, they constitute 8.32 per cent of the total population. In search of better livelihood many Pangals have started migrating and settling in several locations of the Gulf countries particularly Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Oman. Though the Pangals have migrated since the late 1960s, now the rate of migration has exceeded in the last few decades. Even some of the Pangals, around 15–20, managed to get permanent citizenship in Saudi Arabia. Some of them are working as teaching faculties in different universities in Saudi Arabia and some of them are working in IT sectors and medical institutes. Some of the pertinent questions are given as: How and why did Pangals migrate to the different areas of the Gulf countries particularly Saudi Arabia? Did they focus on other adjoining areas apart from Mecca, Medina, and Dubai? Why are they doing so? What circumstances inspired the Pangals to migrate in such areas? Are there any hindrances or obstacles faced by them while working in such cities? What are the social and economic issues encountered by the Pangals in the state with a special focus on the job-related works before being shifted to the Gulf countries? What are the impacts of Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) 1958 towards the Pangals that led them to migrate and settle in the different locations of the Gulf countries? This chapter is based on the several interviews of different persons who are working in the region. This chapter tries to examine and explore the historical journey of the migration of Pangals to the different locations of Gulf countries for the purpose of job-related work.

Background: Gender is a common term where as gender discrimination is meant for women, because females are more often the victims..Gender discrimination is due to the attitude and behaviour of the society towards the girl child.

Objective: To assess the Perception and Care- Seeking for Illness among under five children by the parents in the rural areas of Bijapur district.

Materials and Methods: A Cross Sectional Study was conducted across the ten Villages of Bijapur District from January 2013 to November 3013.A total of 1046 children were included in the study. Data was collected in a Pre tested, Pre designed, Semi structured Questionnaire by interview technique.

Results: Around 41% (42% Male and 39.2% Female) of children had suffered from illness in the past one month. Parents spent higher amount for the treatment of male children.

Conclusion: The time lag to avail treatment was less for male children and the amount spent for the treatment was also higher for Male children shows the affinity of the Parents towards the Male children.

This article explores the functionalist perspective of anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski through an examination of Manipuri myths in the Meitei community of Manipur. It delves into the role of myths as social instruments that fulfil various functions, transmit cultural knowledge, and shape cultural identity. Manipuri myths are viewed as cultural artefacts deeply rooted in the heritage of the community, preserving traditions, conveying moral values, and reinforcing social norms. The article highlights the significance of personal experiences within a Meitei community, emphasising the profound impact of listening to these myths on individuals' cultural identity and sense of belonging.

Three grass species viz., Avena fatua L., Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty and  Digitaria violascens Link (Poaceae, nom. alt. Gramineae) are reported here for the first time from Manipur (India) as new records to the state. A key to the identification of species along with detail description and illustrations is provided to facilitate their easy identification.

The study of ethnicity goes beyond searching for its definitions and characteristics. Exploring the geographical pattern of ethnic groups is an interesting shift in the study of conventional and contemporary social sciences. This paper aims to analyse the nature of classification and spatial distribution of the ethnic groups in Manipur hill areas between 1991 and 2001, when the hills witnessed two ethnic conflicts between these decadal censuses. As per an official record, three tribal groups –Naga, Intermediate and Kuki-ChinMizo are found in the State. Internal dynamics on the discourse of ethnicity has different narratives on the ground reality. In terms of spatial distribution, the Naga group is more clustered than its counterpart Kuki-Chin-Mizo across the hills. The paper also looks into how the change in spatial pattern of distribution and redistribution of ethnic groups has largely contributed to ethnic homogenization in the hill areas of Manipur.

"Introduction: The concept of unmet need points to the gap between women's reproductive intentions and their contraceptive behaviour. Around 215 million women reproductive-aged women around the world have an unmet need for modern contraception. The present study is aimed to assess prevalence of the unmet need for family planning, its determinants, the reasons for the unmet need for family planning, and to suggest suitable measures to improve the utilization of contraceptive methods in urban and rural areas of Manipur.
Methods: This Cross-Sectional study was done among 357 women of reproductive age group in in urban area of Athokpam in Thoubal district and rural area of Bishnupur district of Manipur from Oct-Nov 2017. A pre tested, structured questionnaire was used. Data were entered in IBM SPSS Statistics.
Results: In the present study, 74.2% of the married women in urban area and 31.7% in rural area had unmet need for family planning. The unmet need observed in urban area was much higher than that of rural area.
Conclusion: Women whose husbands approved the use of contraceptive methods were having less unmet needs for family planning than women whose husbands disapproved in urban area which was statistically significant."

Methanolic leaf extracts of the plant species Elsholtzia blanda Benth., Elsholtzia communis (Collett & Hemsl) Diels., Polygonum posumbu Buchanam-Hamilton ex D. Don and Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. using methanol as a solvent were tested against 10 human pathogenic bacteria for potential antibacterial activity. The study revealed that all extracts show varied degree of antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial pathogens. The antibacterial activity was determined using agar well diffusion method. Methanolic extract of the leaf Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. showed antibacterial activity against five bacterial strains from among the ten bacteria tested followed by Polygonum posumbu, Elsholtzia communis and Elsholtzia blanda. Clostridium sporogenes was found to be susceptible to all the plants tested. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the plants against the tested organism ranged between 3.125-12.5 mg/ml. Hence these plants can be used to discover bioactive natural products that may serve as leads in the development of the new pharmaceuticals.

"Shamballapur" relates the life of Avidan, a Jewish doctor from Thessaloniki, Greece, captured by Barbary pirates in 904. After many adventures, he and his wife are enslaved in Tarsus. Despite the trials, Avidan escapes and releases his captive wife in a nearby town. Together, they seek refuge in Shamballapur, the legendary city of eternal life, following the Silk Road. In a journey strewn with obstacles through distant and hostile lands, they defy oppression to reach their destination. Their quest for freedom is an ode to human resilience and seeking refuge in the midst of adversity.

If the “unconstitutional” inclusion of Manipur in the Indian union in 1949 left the Manipuris in shock, then the implementation of the 1958 Indian Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act left them speechless and traumatized. In response a new type of Manipuri theatre emerged, which we call “neues theatre.” We examine the reasons for the rise of “neues theatre.” We locate the narrative of a recent Manipuri play Mythical Surrender (2011) in a social and cultural context, explain the ontogeny of Manipuri theatre, and present a gendered analysis to support our views on the impossibility of the unification of North India and the North East.

The neo-liberal transformation of India was aided by the restructuring processes launched by the SAP in 1991 and brought the open market to the centre of economic imagination for new India. As the Indian economy opened up to the global financial capital systems and the private sector expanded, a large proportion of labour was relocated to the private, unorganized sector in India. This sector swallowed a majority of the migrant population that was flowing into the urban centers of India. The "middle class aspirations" that the migrants to the cities harbored materialize as a part of the larger neo-liberal aspiration of being upwardly mobile and living a 'good life'. Based on an ethnographic study conducted in two phases, this paper accounts the narratives of men and women migrants who are employed in the various service sector units of two shopping malls in the city of New Delhi. This paper maps the diversity in the migrant experience by comparing the experiences of two distinct groups of migrants employed in these sectors in India-the indigenous migrants from North East India and the migrants from the rural hinterlands of North India. By comparing the narratives of two groups of migrants my paper tries to argue that in addition to education and credentials, classifications of caste, community and ethnicity play an important role in determining 'life chances' and employment opportunities for migrants in urban India.

Prefixing of Meitei to the word Pangal exemplifies the strong relationship between the two communities. The paper provides information on the use of plants and plant parts, which carry ethnobotanical significance in respect of common socio-religious activities of this minority community encompassing from the birth till death. It deals with 17 plant species belonging to 15 genera and 11 families closely associated with 9 categories of the formalities of socio-religious functions, customs, etc. The present investigation aims at the validity of the Traditional Knowledge System practiced and also focused on the activism concerning conservation of plants through the practices of socio-religious functions of Pangal community.

Landslides are deceitful natural disasters, resulting in the loss of human life, collapse of engineering structures, and the natural environment on the earth. Therefore, the aims of this study to assess, predict and mapping of susceptible landslide hazard map using GIS based software. Six landslide causative factors including aspect, distance from stream, lithology, plan curvature, slope and elevation selected as influencing factor for landslide occurrences. The landslide frequency ratio calculated using the probability technique. The controlling elements graded using a statistical and frequency ratio methodology based on GIS. The landslide hazard map shows 27% (4.8 km 2) is no-danger zone, with 588 (41%) families living there. A medium to landslide danger zone covers 29% (5.2 km 2), with 555 families (38.7%) living. A low-risk landslide zone covers 23% (4.1 km 2), with 228 (16%) families living. A high-risk landslide zone covers 21% (3.8 km 2), with 61 (4.3%) families living. The prediction rate of all factors revealed that, the highest landslide occurrence associated with Lithology and plan curvature. When these are added with high rainfall intensity, the magnitude of the landslide increases. The highest prediction accuracy of 89.58% found from combination of all causative factors which depicts how well the model and factors accurately forecast landslides.

This study aims to examine the role of social media marketing on the performance of micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) during the COVID-19 pandemic This research method uses a quantitative approach and the analytical tool used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Square The sampling technique used purposive sampling and the sample in this study was MSMEs who use social media for marketing The social media used are Facebook, Instagram, and Whatsapp The number of samples in this study was 254 MSMEs Data collection used online questionnaires The research findings show that the use of social media marketing is influenced by compatibility, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease-of-use The results of this study indicate that the use of social media for marketing has a positive effect on the performance of MSMEs, especially in increasing sales, customer relationships, productivity, and creativity This means that the better the management of social ...

(किशन पटनायक (30 जुलाई 1930 - 27 सितंबर 2004) के निधन पर यह लेख उन्हें श्रद्धांजलि स्वरूप लिखा गया था। इसका संपादित अंश दो भागों में ‘जनसत्ता’ में प्रकाशित हुआ था। जनवरी 2005 का ‘सामयिक वार्ता’ का किशन पटनायक स्मृति विशेषांक ‘वैकल्पिक सभ्यता के स्वप्नद्रष्टा’ शीर्षक से प्रकाशित हुआ गया था। उस विशेषांक में अन्य श्रद्धांजलियों के साथ यह लेख भी शामिल था। ज्यादातर पुराने साथियों ने यह लेख पढ़ा होगा। पिछले दो दशकों में एक पूरी पीढ़ी वयस्क हुई है। उनमें बहुत से उत्सुक पाठक हैं। उनके अध्ययन के लिए यह लेख यथारूप फिर से जारी किया गया है। पहली बार लेख का अंग्रेजी रूपांतर भी जारी किया गया है।)

Background: The increased prevalence of obesity, particularly central obesity, is closely associated with many metabolic complexions, including hypertension and diabetes. Objectives: The present study investigates the cutoff points of some anthropometric measurements such as body mass index [BMI (kg/m 2)], waist circumference [WC (cm)], waist-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-height ratio (WHtR) associated with high blood pressure. It determines the risk factors among the Chiru tribe of North East India. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in four villages in the hilly districts of Manipur. For the present study, 416 Chiru adults (209 males and 207 females) aged 20-79 years were included. Anthropometrics and blood pressure were measured using standard procedures. Statistical methods such as chi-square, Pearson correlation, and multivariate logistic regression were employed. Results: The result indicates that the cutoff values to detect hypertension were 21.83 for BMI, 82.55 for WC, 0.92 for WHR, and 0.53 for WHtR. However, the cutoff values to detect hypertension in females were 23.92 for BMI, 86.48 for WC, 0.94 for WHR, and 0.55 for WHtR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that hypertension was an independently associated risk factor in both males and females with an age ≥ 50 years (OR = 18.52 and 10.12), physical activity (OR = 0.10 and 0.21), salt intake (OR = 7.81 and 3.36), and smoking (OR = 2.56 and 3.23), respectively. Conclusion: It has been concluded that BMI, WC, WHR, and WHtR values can determine hypertension risk in the Chiru population. Age, smoking, physical activity, and salt intake were independent risk factors associated with high blood pressure.

shouldgo-un-rapporteur-54.asp, accessed on 17 April 2012. 4. Gen V K Singh, "AFSPA required by armed forces in certain areas", The Indian Express, 16 April 2012, http://www.indianexpress.com/news/afsparequired-by-armed-forces-in-certain-areas-gen-v-k-singh/937486/, accessed on 4 June 2012.

यह भूमिका बांधने के पीछे मेरा मकसद इस जटिल साभ्यतिक सवाल की गहरी पड़ताल में उतरना नहीं है। बल्कि इस सच्चाई का फिर से कथन करना है कि नए भारत के नाम पर बनाए जा रहे भोगवाद के बाजार में धड़ल्ले से गरीबी का कारोबार चलाया जा रहा है। पिछले 10 सालों से नरेंद्र मोदी यह कारोबार बड़ी तेजी और चाक-चौबंदी से चला रहे हैं। उनके पास गुजरात में यह कारोबार चलाने का लंबा अनुभव है। कुछ संदेह-विद्ध लोगों को लगता था कि प्रधानमंत्री कार्यालय मुख्यमंत्री कार्यालय जैसा नहीं होता। लेकिन नरेंद्र मोदी ने वैसे संदेह को दूर करके दिखा दिया। तेल-फुलेल, वस्त्र-परिधान, खान-पान से लेकर चप्पे-चप्पे पर अपने चित्र और नाम की छाप बिठाने, आयोजनों/योजनाओं/गारंटियों के नित नए विज्ञापन लहराने, भाषण के लिए महंगे से महंगे पंडाल लगाने, ताबड़-तोड़ विदेश यात्राएं करने, अपने लिए नया हवाई जहाज खरीदने, नया प्रधानमंत्री निवास बनाने, नया संसद भवन और सेंट्रल विस्ता आदि बनाने पर करदाताओं का नित्य रूप से अरबों रुपया खर्च कर डालने वाले नरेंद्र मोदी गरीबों के मसीहा भी हैं!