Lesion

Recently availability of large scale mammography databases enable researchers to evaluates advanced tumor detections applying deep convolution networks (DCN) to mammography images which is one of the common used imaging modalities for early breast cancer. With the recent advance of deep learning, the performance of tumor detection has been developed by a great extent, especially using R-CNNs or Region convolution neural networks. This study evaluates the performance of a simple faster R-CNN detector for mammography lesion detection using a MIAS databases.

Trata-se de uma revisão critica da teoria dos vícios do consentimento, causa de anulabilidade dos negócios, tendo em vista o universo peculiar dos contratos de saúde, pois somente o vicio do estado de perigo costuma ser invocado nesse tipo de contrato. Descreve e explica os requisitos necessários para a configuração de cada vicio de consentimento invalidante. Constatou-se, por fim, a possibilidade de todos os vícios do consentimento serem invocados em contratos de saúde; e, de outro lado, que o estudo desses vícios nos contratos de saúde desvela melhores entendimentos e formas peculiares de aplicação desses institutos. O método utilizado para a coleta de informações foi o da pesquisa documental e bibliográfica; para a analise dos dados, o da leitura analítica, sintópica e comparativa.

This is a critical review of the general theory of law about the vices of consent, cause of invalidation of juridical business, considering the peculiar universe of health contracts, because only the state of danger is usually invoked in this type of contract. Describes and explains the requirements necessary for configuring each vice of consent. Finally, it was verified that all vices of consent could be invoked in health contracts. On the other hand, the study of these vices in health contracts reveals better understandings and peculiar forms of application of these institutes. The method used to collect information was the documentary and bibliographic research; and, for the data analysis, the analytical, comparative and syntopic reading.

During rescue archeological excavation in 2018, the skeletal remains of a young male with an unusually large and rare lytic focus in the right iliac fossa, dating to the Middle Bronze Age, were found at the Mikulov site (Czech Republic). The presented communication considers various diseases that could be the cause of this pathological condition (tuberculosis, syphilis, mycosis, parasitic diseases, tumors, peritoneal abscess). The examination methods used in this case were macroscopic examination, radiological, histological, and genetic analyses. Differential diagnosis helps us to focus upon the most likely etiologies, and in our opinion, we feel this erosive lesion was probably caused by inflammation from a peritoneal abscess associated with chronic appendicitis.

Regeneration rates of coral lesions reflect the ability of colonies to repair damage and therefore can be useful indicators of coral health and environmental conditions. We quantified regeneration rates of boulder corals Montastraea spp. at four, 6 m deep patch reefs within Biscayne National Park (BNP) and the upper Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS), and along a 3 to 18 m depth transect in FKNMS. Coral lesions (approx. 2 cm 2) created during sampling for cellular-diagnostic analysis were monitored quarterly in 2001 and 2002, and in February 2003. Regeneration was a dynamic process, continuing longer than previously reported (> 300 d after lesion formation). Geographic location was the strongest factor affecting regeneration rate at our study sites. Lesion regeneration differed significantly among 6 m deep sites; sites offshore from John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park (Algae Reef and White Banks) consistently had the highest regeneration rates, with colonies exhibiting exponential declines in lesion size and a high percentage of completely healed lesions. Along the depth gradient, corals at the 3 m site regenerated significantly faster than corals at 6, 9, and 18 m. These results suggest that corals sampled at FKNMS 6, 9 and 18 m sites and BNP were in poor physiological condition or were exposed to suboptimal environmental conditions, as evidenced by highly variable and overall low regeneration rates, a low percentage of healed lesions, and a high occurrence of breakage or Type II lesions (lesions that increased in size by merging with areas of denuded tissue on the colony).

The rat auditory cortex (AC) is becoming popular among auditory neuroscience investigators who are interested in experience-dependence plasticity, auditory perceptual processes, and cortical control of sound processing in the subcortical auditory nuclei. To address new challenges, a procedure to accurately locate and surgically expose the auditory cortex would expedite this research effort. Stereotactic neurosurgery is routinely used in pre-clinical research in animal models to engraft a needle or electrode at a pre-defined location within the auditory cortex. In the following protocol, we use stereotactic methods in a novel way. We identify four coordinate points over the surface of the temporal bone of the rat to define a window that, once opened, accurately exposes both the primary (A1) and secondary (Dorsal and Ventral) cortices of the AC. Using this method, we then perform a surgical ablation of the AC. After such a manipulation is performed, it is necessary to assess the local...

Aim: To present a case of mucormycosis of the maxilla which mimics a periodontal abscess in its clinical presentation. Background: As mankind continues to battle with the pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) which is still on the rise, the issue of post-COVID-19 complications has emerged as a significant problem majorly during the deadly second wave of the dreadful virus. The complications can be associated with a wide range of bacterial and fungal coinfections. One of the primary reasons attributed to the coinfections is the use of corticosteroids and other adjunctive therapies to arrest any possibility of cytokine storm syndrome that may occur in critically ill patients. One such deadly post-COVID-19 complication which is now being reported frequently is mucormycosis. It is an aggressive opportunistic fungal infection known to be associated with a poor prognosis if not diagnosed and treated on time. Case description: A case of mucormycosis of the maxilla in a 52-year-old man who reported to our outpatient department with multiple abscesses on the labial and buccal aspects of maxillary gingiva accompanied with hyperglycemia secondary to uncontrolled diabetes with a history of a COVID-19 infection. Conclusion: During this pandemic that we are dealing with, it becomes extremely important to keep a close watch on the post-COVID-19 complications in order to reduce any further discomfort to patients. Any COVID-19 recovered patient who visits a dental practitioner in the first 4-5 months post-recovery with unexplained pain in the teeth, mobile teeth, or multiple abscesses is suspected to have mucormycosis. Clinical significance: Dentists, especially periodontists, are going to play a key role and be the first window in the early diagnosis of this disease.

The ventral subparaventricular zone (vSPVZ) receives direct retinal input and influences the daily patterning of activity in rodents, making it a likely candidate for the mediation of acute behavioral responses to light (i.e., masking). We performed chemical lesions aimed at the vSPVZ of diurnal grass rats (Arvicanthis niloticus) using N-methyl-D,L-aspartic acid (NMA), a glutamate agonist. Following NMA lesions, we placed grass rats in various lighting conditions (e.g., 12:12 light-dark, constant dark, constant light); presented a series of light pulses at circadian times (CT) 6, 14, 18, and 22; and placed them in a 7-h ultradian cycle to assess behavioral masking. Extensive bilateral lesions of the vSPVZ disrupted the expression of circadian rhythms of activity and abolished the circadian modulation of masking responses to light, without affecting light-induced masking behavior per se. We also found that in diurnal grass rats, NMA was capable of destroying not only neurons of the v...

A lesão periférica de células gigantes (LPCG) é definida como uma lesão benigna, proliferativa e reacional do tecido conjuntivo fibroso ou do periósteo. Seu desenvolvimento ocorre em gengiva e processo alveolar como resultado de fatores irritativos locais. Apresenta-se como uma massa nodular avermelhada. É frequentemente recoberta por exsudato fibrinoso em áreas ulceradas e geralmente ocorre na forma pediculada. A prevalência é maior em pacientes adultos, mulheres, e na mandíbula. Histologicamente pode-se observar uma proliferação de células gigantes multinucleadas em meio a muitas células mesenquimais ovóides fusiformes e células de inflamação crônicas. Paciente do sexo masculino, 13 anos, chega à Clínica de Estomatologia da UFPR queixando-se de aumento de volume doloroso à mastigação e com sangramento espontâneo, localizado na região retromolar inferior esquerda. Observou-se uma lesão pediculada, com diâmetro aproximado de 5 cm e com características clínica de uma LPCG. Radiografi...

Brain damage may induce a dysfunction of upright body position termed ''pusher syndrome''. Patients with such disorder suffer from an alteration of their sense of body verticality. They experience their body as oriented upright when actually tilted nearly 20 degrees to the ipsilesional side. Pusher syndrome typically is associated with posterior thalamic stroke; less frequently with extra-thalamic lesions. This argued for a fundamental role of these structures in our control of upright body posture. Here we investigated whether such patients may show additional functional or metabolic abnormalities outside the areas of brain lesion. We investigated 19 stroke patients with thalamic or with extra-thalamic lesions showing versus not showing misperception of body orientation. We measured fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) imaging, diffusionweighted imaging (DWI), and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI). This allowed us to determine the structural damage as well as to identify the malperfused but structural intact tissue. Pusher patients with thalamic lesions did not show dysfunctional brain areas in addition to the ones found to be structurally damaged. In the pusher patients with extrathalamic lesions, the thalamus was neither structurally damaged nor malperfused. Rather, these patients showed small regions of abnormal perfusion in the structurally intact inferior frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, and parietal white matter. The results indicate that these extra-thalamic brain areas contribute to the network controlling upright body posture. The data also suggest that damage of the neural tissue in the posterior thalamus itself rather than additional malperfusion in distant cortical areas is associated with pusher syndrome. Hence, it seems as if the normal functioning of both extra-thalamic as well as posterior thalamic structures is integral to perceiving gravity and controlling upright body orientation in humans.