International Financial Management

The year 2002 would be remembered in the European Union as the year the ‘Euro’ officially became the common legal tender of the ‘Eurozone’ comprising presently of 19 member states. Exactly seven years after, a full blown banking and sovereign debt crisis was evident in the monetary union which raised fresh financial concerns the world over after that of the 2007-2008 global financial crisis. The Eurozone debt crisis that caught the international community by surprise, began with the shocking revelation on the humongous external debt hovering over Greece. Afterwards, the ballooning debt-to-GDP ratio of other peripheral states in the Euro Area - Italy, Ireland, Portugal and Spain surfaced thus giving rise to the acronym G.I.I.P.S in reference to the five indebted countries in the Eurozone. This paper therefore examines the sovereign debt crisis of E.U member states belonging to the Eurozone and the effect it has had on their economic growth. With Greece as the case study, the nature, causes and rescue packages so far adopted at salvaging the Eurozone debt crisis since 2009 till date were duly accounted for via an historical and empirical approach which was heavily dependent on secondary sources of quantitative data.

Dalam Paper ini bertuliskan tentang jawaban beragam pertanyaan yang diberikan oleh Dosen terkait untuk merangkum dan meringkas tentang Perusahaan Multinasional, Perbedaan Perusahaan multinasional dengan Perusahaan Internasional, Definisi Manajemen Keuangan Internasional, Sejarah Sistem Moneter Internasional, dan Sistem Penetapan Kas.

FED's recent quantitative easing following the outbreak of COVID-19, had a negative impact on emerging market (EM) currencies, resulting in sharp declines, contrary to 2008 FED easing.
This study analyses the potential impact of COVID-19 on emerging market debt and currencies and reviews possible solutions for sustainable development in emerging markets along with the IMF’s
inability to offer solutions to the problem. The study concludes with some policy recommendations for sustainable development in emerging markets.
Contribution of the study is empirical as it is a pioneer work in addressing the upcoming debt and currency problems and reviewing possible solutions for sustainable development.
Paper reviews and discusses the global debt problem, offers unorthodox solutions and policy recommendations for EM decision makers to prevent slow down in emerging markets as well as in global economy.
Keywords: COVID-19, Sustainable Development, Emerging Markets

This paper analyses the impacts of introduction of central counterparties (CCPs) on the credit default swaps (CDSs) market, particularly in the European domain. Our data collections are mainly retrieved from the secondary sources which we classify according to the domains such as Financial Institutions, Scientific Journals (i.e. Academic Scholars, Science Direct, etc.), and Online Newspaper. Using the qualitative content analysis, we assessed the content of more than 75 existing scientific journals/literature. Our findings in regard to the impacts of introduction of CCPs on CDSs market are that; (i) The total notional amount of single CDS contract decrease to some extent and one of the reasons is caused by the standardisation policy, (ii) The degree of counterparty risks reduce because the CCPs demand higher amount of collateral, (iii) Sensitivity of spreads level and liquidity fluctuate depending on the factors of microeconomic (e.g. degree of creditworthiness, spreads, etc.) and macroeconomics (e.g. interest rates, country risk). Even though the market participants are obliged to provide higher amount of collateral by the CCPs, and the effect spread level on liquidity are significant, we found that the introduction of CCPs on CDSs market to some extent, have decreased the financial risks and increased the transparency as compared to period where CDSs markets were traded through unregulated OTC derivatives.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk
menjelaskan pengaruh inflasi, nilai
tukar rupiah, Financing Deposit Ratio
(FDR) dan Non Performing Financing
(NPF) terhadap Profitabilitas (ROA).
Metode yang di gunakan adalah
metode deskriptif dan verifikatif. Hasil
penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa (1)
Inflai (X1) memiliki hubungan yang
rendah terhadap ROA (Y) karena
mimiliki nilai korelasi sebesar -0,30
yaitu berada di interval antara 0,20-
0,399. (2) Nilai tukar rupiah (X2)
memiliki hubungan yang sedang
terhadap ROA (Y) karena mimiliki nilai
korelasi sebesar 0,449, yaitu berada di
interval 0,40 – 0,599. (3) Financing
Deposit Ratio (FDR) (X3) memiliki
hubungan yang kuat terhadap ROA (Y)
karena mimiliki nilai korelasi sebesar
0,728, yaitu berada di interval 0,60 –
0,799 (4) Non Performing Financing
(NPF) (X4) memiliki hubungan yang
sedang terhadap ROA (Y) karena
mimiliki nilai korelasi sebesar -0,561,
yaitu berada di interval 0,40 – 0,599
(10) Antara Inflasi (X1), nilai tukar
rupiah (X2), Financing Deposit Ratio
(FDR), Non Performing Financing (NPF)
dengan Return On Asset (ROA) (Y)
memiliki hubungan yang sangat kuat
karena memiliki nilai korelasi sebesar
0,947 berada di interval 0,80-1,000.
Kata Kunci : Inflasi, Nilai Tukar Rupiah, Financing Deposit Ratio (FDR), Non
Performing Financing (NPF) dan Profitabilitas (ROA)

Following the global financial crisis in 2008, when the idea that financial markets could regulate themselves was thoroughly trounced, many hoped for a radical overhaul of the global financial system and meaningful reforms that could better ensure international financial stability and offer greater public accountability. But instead of revolutionary change, argues University of Denver economist Ilene Grabel, what we got instead was evolutionary changea new era of slow and gradual tinkering, searching and experimentation that is being carried out by a growing legion of new national and regional financial institutions that have sprung up around the world over the last decade. Most of these new institutions have been set up by, and are based in, developing countries, and many have been adopting an interesting array of new policies, financial products and governance practices that are slowly but surely beginning to reshape the global financial architecture.

This article presents a study of technological surveillance on the state of the art of the International Financial Reporting Standards - IFRS in the world, between the years 2012 and 2020. The study was cross-sectional, supported by the deductive and descriptive method. The source used corresponded to Scopus. The research procedure considered five aspects: scientific production, outstanding authors in scientific production, countries with the highest number of publications, institutions and outstanding journals with scientific production. In the results, the United States stands out as the country with the largest related publications, while the world production of scientific literature has been increasing in the period studied. On the other hand, high production stands out in the business, management and accounting area with sub-areas such as IFRS implementation processes (IFRS), impact of IFRS on the management of companies and financial markets.

This study is based on 30 manufacturing companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2008-2012. The objective of the study is to analyze the influence of company size, type of industry, leverage, profitability and liquidity toward the level of risk disclosures. The sample of this study is 30 manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange year 2012. This study uses content analysis method based on identification of risk information in the annual report. Hypotheses are developed to analyze the influence of size, industry type, leverage, profitability and liquidity toward risk disclosure. The result of this study is company size, leverage and liquidity influence the level of risk disclosure, however company’s profitability and industry type do not influence the level of risk disclosure.

ABSTRACT Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the preparations carried out by the Indian banking industry for the implementation of the International Financial Reporting Standards on and after 1 April 2011. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based upon the critical analysis of the financial statements of the Indian banking industry and the relevant provisions of IFRS and other relevant laws applicable for the Indian banking industry. Findings – The main finding of this paper is that the Indian banking industry is preparing according to the target for convergence from 1 April 2011, but amendments in the various statutory laws of India are yet to be implemented/approved by the government. Research limitations/implications – This paper covers only the Indian banking industry and excludes all other industries in India. Originality/value – This paper shows the areas in which the Indian banking industry is required to focus before and after the implementation of IFRS, and their consequences on the financial statements of the bank.