Immigrants and Refugess

In recent years, successive Australian governments have seemingly forsaken their moral compass in regard to management of, and duty of care to, refugees and asylum seekers arriving by sea. Australia has increasingly become subject to stern criticism by the international community over policies judged to be in breach of international laws and conventions, inhumane in nature, and most disturbingly overtly abusive of those seeking protection. This chapter explores the context, practice and outcomes of offshore detention and processing under the Australian government’s 2001 Pacific Solution, including the current governments border protection policy of offshore resettlement. It examines the presence of structural violence as a policy strategy, along with the concepts of moral obligation and an ethics of care in the context of their contribution to building sustainable and peaceful solutions. Evidence of the gendered nature of the detention centers reveals the levels of male emasculation and infantilization, sexual abuse, assaults, intimidation and other forms of violence against men, women and children. It explores the problem of despair amongst detainees from a philosophical and practical perspective. Attention is then focused on examples of structural, direct and social violence in the Manus Island and Nauru detention centers. Finally, it concludes that successive Australian governments have been morally bereft and ethically unsound in their implementation of offshore detention as a response to the forced migration crisis of the early twenty-first century.
Keywords: Australia, Offshore detention policy, Forced migration, Pacific solution, Structural violence.

Abstract:This article examines the history of the monument to the Viking and transatlantic seafarer Leif Erikson (ca. AD 970–1020) that was erected in 1887 on Commonwealth Avenue in Boston, Massachusetts. It analyzes how a Scandinavian-American immigrant culture has influenced America through continued celebration and commemoration of Leif Erikson and considers Leif Erikson monuments as a heritage value for the public good and as a societal resource. Discussing the link between discovery myths, narratives about refugees at sea and immigrant memories, the article suggests how the Leif Erikson monument can be made relevant to present-day society.

Öz 28 Mayıs 1918'de bağımsızlık ilan eden Azerbaycan Demokratik Cumhuriyeti, dış politika konularına özel önem verdi. Komşu devletlerle dostane ilişkilerin kurulması Azerbaycan diplomasisindeki öncelikli bölgelerdi. Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti'nin Ermenistan ve Gürcistan ile ilişkilerinde mülteci sorunu bir öncelikti. Mülteci sorununu gidermek için Savunma Bakanlığı kuruldu. Azerbaycan hükümeti bu sorunu sadece ülke içinde değil diğer ülkelerle ilişkilerde de vurguladı.Azerbaycan, Gürcistan, Ermenistan ve Dağlık Karabağ Cumhuriyeti üst düzey temsilcilerinin katıldığı bir konferansta mültecileri önceki görevlerine geri döndürmek için hükümetler arası bir komisyonun oluşturulması bu sorunun çözülmesinde atılan başarılı adımlardan biriydi. Tüm mülteciler bu komisyon tarafından ele alınmak zorunda kaldı. Ancak devletlerarası komisyonun finanse edilmesine ilişkin genel bir anlaşmaya varmak mümkün olmadı ve Deniki'nin Dağıstan'a düzenlediği saldırı nedeniyle kongreni erteledi. 23 Haziran 1919'da Azerbaycan hükümeti, her iki ülkenin temsilcilerinden oluşan ortak bir merkezi komisyon önerisi ile Ermeni liderliğine döndü. Ancak Ermeni tarafı daha önce anlaşmış olmasına rağmen, komisyonun faaliyetleri etkisizdi. Hükümetin çabalarına rağmen, mülteci sorunu da dahil olmak üzere bazı önemli sorunlar çözülmedi.

This paper reports on the findings of a study of the experiences of discrimination faced by internationally-trained engineers in Canada. Three hundred foreign-trained and two hundred locally-trained engineers were surveyed in order to identify the relationship of race, language proficiency, and location of training in finding work in the engineering field. In addition to measuring whether the applicants found work in the engineering field, this paper also sought to understand the perception of discrimination of internationally-trained engineers. Our findings demonstrate the relationship of race/ethnicity and its related marker—foreign training—with both ability to secure work in the engineering field and perceptions of discrimination. In the case of new immigrants, location of training was found to be a significant predictor of ability to find work in the engineering field, where locally-trained engineers were far more likely to acquire a job in the engineering field than foreign-tr...

The European Union is changing the future of migration investing in food security and rural development. In January 2018 Frontex’s new mission in the Mediterranean called Themis replaces the Triton mission launched in 2014. Flows of irregular migrants crossing the Central Mediterranean are not a recent phenomenon, but European Union External Action Service is applying and integral approach that not only invest in control borders, security, visas and but also in food security and rural development. Read More at: https://goo.gl/PXxPNe.

Τον Αύγουστο του 2016 πέντε ομάδες 50 προσφύγων κάθε ηλικίας από τον προσφυγικό καταυλισμό του Κατσικά Ιωαννίνων επισκέφθηκαν το Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Ιωαννίνων και ξεναγήθηκαν, με τη βοήθεια μεταφραστή, στις συλλογές του. Η ένταξη των συγκεκριμένων ανθρώπων στον κοινωνικό ιστό κρίνεται αναγκαία για την ομαλή συνέχεια της ζωής τους. Κλείνοντας την περιήγηση στην αίθουσα της Δωδώνης, περιγράφηκε ο τρόπος μαντείας των αρχαίων επισκεπτών στο Μαντείο, οι οποίοι χάρασσαν τις ερωτήσεις τους προς τον Δία σε μολύβδινες πινακίδες. Ζητήσαμε, από όποιους πρόσφυγες το επιθυμούσαν, να γράψουν αντίστοιχα σε χαρτί την ερώτηση, που τώρα θα έκαναν στον δικό τους θεό. Η ανταπόκριση υπήρξε ικανοποιητική, αποδεικνύοντας ότι τα μύχια προβλήματα παραμένουν πανανθρώπινα και διαχρονικά. Οι εισηγητές θα αναφερθούν στο θέμα της πρωτοβουλίας της Εφορείας Αρχαιοτήτων Ιωαννίνων και στα αποτελέσματα των επισκέψεων των προσφύγων στο Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Ιωαννίνων. Στη συζήτηση, που θα ακολουθήσει, θα γίνει προσπάθεια αναζήτησης αναλογιών ανάμεσα στις αγωνίες ανθρώπων από διαφορετικές γεωγραφικές περιοχές και χρονικές περιόδους. Στη συζήτηση θα προσκληθεί ο συντονιστής του προσφυγικού καταυλισμού στον Κατσικά Ιωαννίνων και πρώην Δήμαρχος της πόλης κ. Φίλιππας Φίλιος, ο οποίος θα καταθέσει την πολύτιμη εμπειρία του. Επίσης, θα προσκληθεί ομάδα προσφύγων με μεταφραστή, ώστε να πραγματοποιηθεί βιωματικό εργαστήρι με σχετικό θέμα.

A Informação do Estado de Origem (COI, em inglês), é uma ferramenta de informação utilizada pelos tomadores de decisão nos procedimentos que examinam solicitações de refúgio no Estado de acolhida em que se encontra o solicitante de refúgio. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo central comparar se os mecanismos utilizados pelo Brasil para a determinação da condição de refugiado assemelham-se com os métodos utilizados por Estados reconhecidos por seguirem os padrões estabelecidos pelo Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para Refugiados (ACNUR). A metodologia utilizada consistiu em análise bibliográfica acerca dos procedimentos legais dos Estado analisados e organizações especializadas em produzir material de apoio aos mesmos, bem como entrevista com o diretor adjunto do Departamento de Estrangeiros do Ministério da Justiça, Paulo Guerra. De acordo com o estudo realizado, o Brasil não possui estrutura para atender com qualidade o crescente volume de solicitações de refúgio, e, como consequência, é inabilitado para seguir os padrões estabelecidos pelo ACNUR.

Monografia apresentada à banca examinadora e à Coordenação do Curso de Direito do Centro de Ciências Jurídicas da Universidade de Fortaleza, adequada e aprovada para suprir exigência parcial inerente à obtenção do grau de Bacharel em Direito, em conformidade com os normativos do MEC, regulamentada pela Res. n° R028/99, da Universidade de Fortaleza.