High Court

This paper deals with the Islamic concept of Human Rights with special reference to its application in Pakistan. It is heartening that the United Nations Organization is taking all such steps which are enunciated by Islam for the betterment and welfare of mankind and its dignity.
In this paper, judgements of Supreme Court of Pakistan, Federal Shariat Court and High Courts of all the provinces have also been added for facilitation of further research by all those who are interested to work for the human rights and the fundamental rights.

The concept of Islam is concept of the indivisibility of life; life has to be viewed as a whole and organized as a whole. There is no priesthood in Islam. Thus Islamic state would be theistic but not theocratic. Rights, fundamental or others, could be only rightly grounded in the concepts of reality, truth and kindness. According to Islam, life does not end with death but continues towards higher and higher elevations. It is in this sense that Islamic principles are broader in outlook and eternal in existence.
CONCEPT OF LIBERTY
Under Islamic political philosophy, there can be no liberty without limitations. Liberty is nothing but an opportunity for the performance of duties. The Holy Qur’an says that the prophets are commissioned to break your chains and remove the halters from your necks so that you may approach your Lord freely with the dignity of free human beings, who in serving God have not served any arbitrary tyrant but have been really true to their own selves.
ISLAMIC PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN LIFE
Materialistic concept of human life in which there is no prevision for the development of human personality has done great harm to the human society as a whole. God Almighty has, in His Last Book, guided mankind with basic and fundamental principles of human life which when truly acted upon can bring boon to the entire mankind.

Number of Pages in PDF File: 1946

Keywords: human rights, fundamental rights, UDHR, Islamic Declaration on Human Rights, Cairo Declaration, dignity of mankind, freedom of expression, freedom of religion, freedom of trade and profession, equality, rule of law, equal protection of law, Supreme Court of Pakistan, Federal Shariat Court

The socio-economic classes from which judges of the High Courts and the Supreme Court of India are drawn are fairly narrow and unrepresentative of the larger Indian population. The present article looks at data related to all High Court judges serving in 2016 to identify the source of appointment as a potential cause of such lack of diversity.

Dalam kehidupan manusia semenjak diturunkan Nabi Adam A.S. ke dunia ini, perbezaan fikiran dan pendapat merupakan perkara yang dapat dikatakan akan wujud apabila ada interaksi antara dua individu manusia atau lebih. Perbezaan pendapat ini kadang-kadang membawa perbalahan dan pergaduhan antara kedua-dua individu berkenaan. Jika hal ini berlaku, maka siapakah yang akan menyelesaikan atau mendamaikan kedua-dua individu ini? Interaksi antara dua individu manusia sering kali juga menyebabkan termeterainya perjanjian antara mereka tentang berbagai-bagai perkara. Misalnya, jual beli barangan, sewa-menyewa premis atau tanah, pelantikan sebagai ejen atau prinsipal, pajakan dan sebagainya. Pada masa kini, perjanjian itu dikenal sebagai perjanjian komersial. Jika timbul perbalahan tentang perjanjian ini, maka siapakah yang akan membuat penyelesaian tentang perbalahan ini? Contohnya, perbalahan tentang tafsiran perkara tertentu dalam perjanjian. Dalam konteks negara pula, berbagai-bagai undang-undang yang bertujuan untuk mengawal dan mewujudkan keamanan dan ketenteraman dalam negara berkenaan telah diwujudkan. Contohnya, undang-undang jenayah dan undang-undang perlembagaan merupakan dua cabang undang-undang awam yang begitu sinonim dengan sesebuah negara demokrasi. Sekiranya seseorang rakyat ditangkap oleh pihak berkuasa yang memerintah atau lebih mudah difahami sebagai kerajaan, siapakah yang patut menentukan sama ada yang ditangkap itu bersalah ataupun tidak? Demikian juga sekiranya timbul perbalahan tentang tafsiran mana-mana artikel atau perkara dalam perlembagaan. Maka, siapakah yang sepatutnya memberikan tafsiran tentang perkara perlembagaan berkenaan? Sebagai jawapan kepada semua persoalan itu, tentulah orang yang waras dan berilmu akan mengatakan bahawa perlulah dipilih atau dilantik seseorang yang tidak mempunyai kepentingan atau kaitan dengan perbalahan, perkara, atau pertikaian yang menjadi persoalan. Orang yang waras dan berilmu akan mengatakan bahawa hendaklah dipilih seorang orang tengah yang tidak akan berat sebelah terhadap mana-mana pihak yang bersengketa atau berbalah. Orang tengah ini mestilah orang yang dalarn persoalan pertama bukannya orang yang mempunyai pertalian darah atau persaudaraan atau sahabat handai yang akrab dengan pihak yang berbalah. Manakala dalam persoalan yang kedua, orang tengah itu mestilah orang yang tiada pertalian dengan pihak yang terlibat atau tiada kepentingan…

In this brief dialogue, the Botswana Court of Appeal judgment of KHOEMACAU COPPER MINING (PTY) LTD V. STEWARD WALLACE CACGB-102-18 (unreported) is discussed in full, as to the various contributions it has made to the contemporary labour issues currently facing the Industrial Court and the High Court as courts of concurrent jurisdiction.

Purpose – The main purpose of this paper is to explore the extra-judicial killing situation in Bangladesh by analyzing both national and international human rights law. In addition, this paper will also identify the remedy that is available for the victim’s family for extra-judicial killing by law enforcement agencies, especially the Rapid Action Battalion of Bangladesh.
Design/methodology/approach – This is a qualitative research where both primary and secondary sources have used to identify the situations of extra-judicial killings in Bangladesh, the human rights instruments and the judicial activism to protect human rights.
Findings – This paper will show impunity of the law enforcement agencies increasing the number of extrajudicial killings of citizens, by violating the Constitutional and International human rights law that deal with “right to life”. The state sovereignty is not hindering the implementation of the international law, but the
judiciary of Bangladesh needs to be more efficient in protecting citizens’ human rights, along with bringing criminal prosecution against members of the law enforcement agencies, by providing “effective and adequate” remedy to the victim’s family.
Research limitations/implications – While analyzing the “right to life” under the International Human Rights Conventions, this paper will only deal with the UDHR and the ICCPR, as Bangladesh has ratified those Conventions.
Originality/value – This paper will add value to identify the present rights of the citizen under domestic and international law and to incorporate new legislation through finding the lack of present legislation to protect the right to life and remedy for extra-judicial killings in Bangladesh.

29 ноября 2013 г. Президент Республики Беларусь дал отмашку реформе судебной системы Беларуси, подписав Декрет  № 6 «О совершенствовании судебной системы Республики Беларусь» , Указ № 529 «О некоторых вопросах деятельности судов Республики Беларусь»  и Указ № 530 «О некоторых вопросах совершенствования организации исполнения судебных постановлений и иных исполнительных документов» .  Настоящая статья посвящена анализу Декрета № 6 и Указа № 529, краеугольных камней реформы судебной системы Республики Беларусь и, лишь, при необходимости, будет затронут, в соответствующей части, Указ № 530, посвященный исключительно принудительному исполнению судебных постановлений.