Height and Weight

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of gender and height on blood pressure and heart rate of young adults. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Ninety one (91) medical students aged 18-30 years at University of Abuja, Nigeria were recruited in May 2012 for this study. Methodology: The selected study population was administered semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. The blood pressure, the pulse rate and the height of the participants were measured in physiology laboratory of University of Abuja medical school. All the readings were taken by one Ogedengbe et al.; JALSI, 2(3): 107-112, 2015; Article no.JALSI.2015.011 108 researcher to ensure uniformity. Results: The systolic blood pressure increased significantly with diastolic blood pressure. There was positive correlation between blood pressure and heart rate in males, though not statistically significant, while in females a negative correlation was observed. Males had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure while females had higher heart rate. The blood pressure and heart rate increased with increasing height in males but both reduced with increasing height in females. BMI was positively associated with increase in blood pressure and reduction in heart rate for both sexes. Conclusion: This study found that systolic blood pressure increased significantly with diastolic blood pressure and BMI was positively associated with height, increase in blood pressure and reduction in heart rate for both sexes.

Nuestro objetivo es probar la existencia y, en su caso, el grado de cambios seculares en la longitud de tibia y talla en una población prehispánica y una contemporánea del norte de la península de Yucatán, con un contexto geográfico similar, pero con diferencias cronológicas, sociales y culturales. Las muestras estuvieron constituidas por 55 individuos (24 femeninos) de la colección osteológica del sitio arqueológico de Xcambó y 100 voluntarios (63 mujeres) adultos de Dzemul, Yucatán.  En 2015-2016 se midió la longitud de la tibia en ambas muestras y la talla en la contemporánea, con la misma técnica. La talla se estimó mediante fórmulas de regresión, incluyendo las propuestas por Genovés (1967), modificada por Del Ángel y Cisneros (2004) y por Menéndez Garmendia et al. (2018). No hubo diferencia significativa entre las longitudes de la tibia de varones, pero sí para mujeres (p: <0.01), siendo las contemporáneas las que presentan una mayor longitud del segmento. La comparación entre las tallas reales y estimadas no arrojó diferencias estadísticamente significativas ni entre los masculinos ni entre los femeninos. Nuestros resultados no permiten afirmar una reducción de la talla en las poblaciones muestreadas.

The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the anthropometric measurements among the different groups of throwers. 40 (10 javelin throwers, 10 discus throwers, 10 hammer throwers, 10 shot putters) male university level throwers were assessed during the All India Inter University Athletic Meet. The age of athletes was between 18 to 25 years. All the athletes were measured for height, weight, lengths of body parts, diameters of body parts and circumferences of body parts. One-way ANOVA revealed that the significant differences were reported in height (p<0.05), weight (p<0.05), length measurements (p<0.05), diameters of body parts (p<0.05) and circumferences of the body parts (p<0.05) among the different groups of throwers. Post-hoc analysis revealed that discus throwers were the tallest among the throwers. In the same way, the discus throwers had highest diameters among different groups of throwers. The shot putters had highest weight and circumferences among the different groups of throwers.

Objective: The study was aimed to estimate the effect of inbreeding on height, weight, and body mass index (BMI)
in comparison with non-inbred children.
Methods: A cohort study was conducted during April 2013 through July 2013 in Jammu (North India) and a total of
1,270 children (5–15 years of age) were selected in a random way both from inbred and non-inbred families of five Muslim
populations. The height and weight was measured using standard methods and the BMI categories were employed
as adapted by World Health Organization (WHO). Family pedigrees were drawn to access the family history and children’s
inbred status in terms of coefficient of inbreeding (F).
Results: Children of inbred families showed decline in mean value for height, weight, and BMI (P < 0.0001). The
mean difference (95% confidence interval) in height 27.318 (5.827–8.809), weight 26.590 (5.100–8.081) and BMI
22.133 (0.6419–3.624) for inbred as compared with non-inbred children were found to be significant (P < 0.001). We
observed an increase in the difference in mean values for height, weight and BMI with the increase of inbreeding coefficient
and these were statistically significant (P < 0.05, using post hoc tests). The frequency of underweight children
was found to be higher among individuals in the inbred category (<18.5 kg/m2 5 47.31%) as compared with the noninbred
category (<18.5 kg/m2 5 13.41%) and subsequent depression was found among the inbred children due to an
increase of inbreeding coefficient.
Conclusions: Our results provide the evidence of inbreeding depression on height, weight, and BMI being important
in context of child health.

Present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of stunting and identify the sex specific risk factors of stunting among rural primary school children of Hooghly district, West Bengal, India. Height (cm.) of 812 children (431 girls; 381 boys) was measured according to standard procedures. Date of birth of child was recorded from the school registers. Children were considered as stunted if HAZ (height for age Z score) was below minus two WHO Child Growth Standards 2007 (<-2SD). No sex difference was observed in mean height and HAZ. Age differences were significant in mean height for girls (F=117.597, p<0.001) as well as boys (F=104.184, p<0.001). Age differences in mean HAZ were not statistically significant for both sexes. The age combined prevalence of overall stunting among girls and boys were 20.2% and 19.4%, respectively. Age and sex combined prevalence of overall stunting was 19.8%. No significant sex differences in stunting were observed in each age group as well as age combined except at 6 years (χ 2 =6.517; df=1; p<0.05). Results of univariate Binary Logistic Regression analysis revealed that 9-10 years age group, Scheduled Caste (SC)/Scheduled Tribe (ST), 2 sibs, non-bricked house, no access of source of drinking water at home, tubewell as source of drinking water, manual category father occupation and working mother, ≤10 th standards of father education had significantly high odds of stunting among studied girl pupils. MidDay Meal consumption at school had significantly negative impact on stunting among girls. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that household without access of drinking water source was important predictor for stunting among girls. The other risk factors of stunting among girls found were: working mother, older age (9-10 years), and ≤10 th standards of father education. In boys, predictors of stunting were manual category father occupation and ≤10 th standards of mother education remain in 68 univariate binary logistic regression and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Prevalence of stunting was low as per public health perspectives. Household without access of drinking water source, working mother, older age group, low father education were found to be predictors of stunting for girls. Manual father occupation and low mother education were observed as determinant of stunting among studied boys.

The purpose of this study was to compare the anthropometric measurement to the professional players of the three different disciplines of basketball, handball and volleyball. . For each player anthropometric measurements such as weight, body height, waist circumference, BMI and skinfold calculation on different sports are performed. Differences in terms of anthropometric measurements were assessed by independent static tests and the differences for each variable for each sport were evaluated with the ANOVA method with the Post Hoc test. As a conclusion in this study, the results of this study showed that the anthropometric measurements of professional players of the three main sports varied among them, while there were no significant differences between sports for the measurement of biceps and suprailliac fat. According to this study, sports have different demands on anthropometric attributes, which are specific to each professional player of three basketball, volleyball and handball sports. Therefore, for this variety of outcomes, coaches need to create training programs according to the sport's specifications and every sportsman in the field.

We construct a new formula for body surface area based on geometric means. This we show, by means of Bland-Altman analysis and use of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Anderson-Darling tests, to be statistically equivalent to the arithmetic average of existing formulas. The result, the geometric mean formula (GMF) is the expression BSA = 0.00878108*W0 .434972*H^ 0.67844. We show also that body surfaces areas predicted by the GMF obey a lognormal distribution.

Longitudinal studies of aging concerning individuals with comparable lifestyle, diet, health profile, socioeconomic status, and income remain extraordinarily rare. The purposes of our ongoing project are as follows: (i) to collect extensive data on biological and medical aspects of aging in the Polish population, (ii) to determine factors affecting the rate and course of aging, (iii) to understand how aging unfolds as a dynamic and malleable process in ontogeny, and (iv) to find novel predictors of longevity. Our investigation followed 142 physically healthy asylum inmates, including 68 males and 74 females, for at least 25 years from the age of 45 years onward. Cross-sectional assessment involved 225 inmates, including 113 males and 112 females. All the patients lived for a very long time under similar and good environmental conditions at the hospital in Cibórz, Lubuskie Province. They maintained virtually the same daily schedule and lifestyle. The rate and direction of changes wit...

Background
Sitting height (SH), sub ischial leg length (SILL) and the sitting height/leg length ratio (SH/SILL) are useful tools for assessing
human body proportions. They are often used to detect the presence of abnormal growth, especially in school-aged children.
Materials and Methods
Our cross-sectional study was conducted among 1012 preschool children aged 2 to 6-years from Integrated Child Development
Services (ICDS) scheme centers at Bali Gram Panchayat, Arambagh, Hooghly District, West Bengal, India. Anthropometric measurements
like height, weight, SH were measured following standard protocol.
Results
There was no age combined significant sex difference in any variable. However, age specific sex differences were there in few age
groups. Highly significant (p<0.001) age variations existed in all variables. The body mass index (BMI) was significantly (p<0.01)
negatively correlated with SILL (r=-0.443), SILLP (r=-0.302) and UTL (r=-0.346) in both sexes. It was significantly (p<0.01)
positively associated with UTLP (r=0.302). Moreover, SILL was significantly positively correlated with UTL in both sexes (boys,
r=0.821 and girls, r=0.871; p<0.01), whereas it was significantly negatively associated with UTLP (boys, r=-0.590 and girls, r=-
0.552; p<0.01) in the participants.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that, in both sexes, there were significant age differences in SILL, SILLP, upper trunk length (UTL) and unified
technology learning platform (UTLP). The BMI had significant associations with these variables in both sexes. Moreover, SILL
had significant correlation with UTL and UTLP among the participants.

Keywords

Sub ischial leg length;
BMI;
Upper trunk length;
Sub ischial leg length percentage;
Upper trunk length percentage.

This study explores the impact of the mining boom on the biological standards of living and inequality in Rio Tinto, the main copper basin in Spain. It uses the heights of military recruits in the towns of Zalamea la Real and Nerva between 1852 and 1935 (birth cohorts of 1832-1914). The majority of the mining population of Nerva, which had become independent from Zalamea la Real in 1885, was concentrated close to Minas de Riotinto, following the extraordinary influx of immigrants, mostly attracted by the British company RTCL after establishing its operations there in 1873. The anthropometric results reveal that: 1) the height of males decreased slightly among the cohorts of the decades 1850-1870, whose childhood and adolescence coincided with the beginning of the mining boom; 2) the inequality (measured by CVs, percentiles and ratios of short-stature subjects) increased among the cohorts of the 1870s, made up of immigrants, principally in Nerva. During this period, the gap between t...

Reaction time is considered as an important measure that affects performance of an individual both in business and private life. Especially, reaction time, which can be defined as a period of time being required for giving appropriate responses to the perceived stimuli, is an important factor in terms of efficiency of organization and also health and safety at work. Moreover, reaction time is regarded as an important factor in product design. In this study, an experiment is designed to reveal the factors that affect simple reaction time and the effects of (discrete / continuous) variables such as age, height, weight, gender, sight defects, smoking and alcohol use, regular habits of sports and academic achievement on reaction time of individuals are investigated, and  the findings are interpreted.

Using genome-wide data from 253,288 individuals, we identified 697 variants at genome-wide significance that together explained one-fifth of the heritability for adult height. By testing different numbers of variants in independent studies, we show that the most strongly associated ∼2,000, ∼3,700 and ∼9,500 SNPs explained ∼21%, ∼24% and ∼29% of phenotypic variance. Furthermore, all common variants together captured 60% of heritability. The 697 variants clustered in 423 loci were enriched for genes, pathways and tissue types known to be involved in growth and together implicated genes and pathways not highlighted in earlier efforts, such as signaling by fibroblast growth factors, WNT/β-catenin and chondroitin sulfate-related genes. We identified several genes and pathways not previously connected with human skeletal growth, including mTOR, osteoglycin and binding of hyaluronic acid. Our results indicate a genetic architecture for human height that is characterized by a very large but...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was comparison the anthropometric characteristics of 7-14 years old girls in Kashan city with NCHs standard. For this purpose 900 girl students (450 people from elementary school and 450 people from middle grades) using cluster sampling method form Kashan schools were chosen. Anthropometric characteristics included height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and body fat percent were measured. Then data by single-sampling t-test were analyzed (P<0/05). Results: The results showed that the average of height, weight and BMI in subjects were significantly lower than the standard values (P<0/05). Body fat percent in 8-14 years old range were significantly less than the standard values (P<0/05). But the age group of 7 years old had no significant difference with the standard value. The findings also showed that the subjects didn't have good physical development. It was probably due to nutritional disorders and physical inactivity. Discussion and conclusion: These evidences suggested that to achieve international standards about above mentioned factors and to meet the needs of health in these age groups, following up and controlling the development process, performing regular physical activities, as well as have good nutrition are very essential and important.

... 1997. “Plasticity, Political Economy, and Physical Growth Status of Guatemala Maya Children Living in the United States.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 102:17–32. Bogin, Barry,Patricia Smith, Bibiana Orden, Maria Inês Varela Silva, and James Loucky. In press. ...

Height and weight measurements are important factors relating to growth and development and nutritional status of children and adolescents. The young age period is nutritionally significant because this is the prime time to build. Aims and Objectives: The prime objective of the present study is to estimate and compare the height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and nutritional status among Haryanvi males and females of 5.00-20.99 years of age. Subjects: This study is carried out on a total of 800 subjects i.e. 400 males and 400 females of age ranging from 5.00-20.99 years. Subjects are further subdivided into eight age groups ranging from 5.00-20.99 years. Methods: Height and weight of the subjects is measured using standard anthropometric techniques given by Lohman et al 1988. BMI is computed for each individual. Further subjects are categorized under Normal, underweight and overweight according to International Classification of underweight, overweight and obesity according to body mass index (BMI) given by WHO(2002). Results: It is found that females are lacking far behind in weight and height as compare to males.All the females from the age group 5.00-6.99 years categories underweight and severe thin (100%) whereas overweight females are present only in 19.00-20.99 age group i.e. 34% in pre-obese category. Results indicate only 2% of males from age group 17.00-18.99 years lie under the underweight category followed by the 32% subjects of the age group 5.00-6.99 years. Among all the age groups male subjects predominantly belong to either normal or overweight category. Conclusion: Improper dietary habits and unawareness of balanced diet in young growing males and females leads to the various related metabolic syndromes. This suggests that there is need for nutrition and health awareness among the Haryanvi parents and their children.

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of gender and height on blood pressure and heart rate of young adults. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Ninety one (91) medical students aged 18-30 years at University of Abuja, Nigeria were recruited in May 2012 for this study. Methodology: The selected study population was administered semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. The blood pressure, the pulse rate and the height of the participants were measured in physiology laboratory of University of Abuja medical school. All the readings were taken by one Original Research Article

The purpose of this study is to find out and compare the factors effective in brand preferences of the students of Ondokuz Mayıs University Yaşar Doğu Faculty of Sport Sciences in Turkey and Instituto Politecnico da Guarda Faculty of Sports in Portugal in terms of sports products. 266 students (170 male, 96 female) attending sports faculties in Turkey and Portugal participated in this study. A questionnaire about the sports products preferences developed by Tozoğlu (2009) was used in order to find out the brand preferences of students. Student t-test was used to determine whether there is a significant difference between sport faculty students in Portugal and in Turkey. Chi square analysis was used to find out whether the students’ reasons for preferring a brand differed in terms of the schools, they were attending. Differences were found between the factors that affected the brand preferences of the students of Ondokuz Mayıs University (OMU) Yaşar Doğu Faculty of Sport Sciences and...

The connection between the rate of height loss in older people and their general health status has been well documented in the medical literature. Our study was aimed at furthering the characterization of this interrelationship in the context of health indices and mortality in a hospitalized population of Polish adults. Data were collated from a literature review and from a longitudinal study of aging carried out in the Polish population which followed 142 physically healthy inmates, including 68 men and 74 women, for at least 25 years from the age of 45 onwards. Moreover, cross-sectional data were available from 225 inmates, including 113 men and 112 women. These subjects were confined at the same hospital. ANOVA, t-test, and regression analysis were employed. The results indicate that the onset of height loss emerges in the fourth and five decade of life and there is a gradual acceleration of reduction of height at later stages of ontogeny in both sexes. Postmenopausal women experience a more rapid loss of height compared with men. The individuals who had higher rate of loss of height (≥3 cm/decade) tend to be at greater risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. In conclusion, our findings suggest that a systematic assessment of the rate of loss of height can be useful for clinicians caring for elderly people because of its prognostic value in terms of morbidity and mortality.

Using genome-wide data from 253,288 individuals, we identified 697 variants at genome-wide significance that together explained one-fifth of the heritability for adult height. By testing different numbers of variants in independent studies, we show that the most strongly associated ∼2,000, ∼3,700 and ∼9,500 SNPs explained ∼21%, ∼24% and ∼29% of phenotypic variance. Furthermore, all common variants together captured 60% of heritability. The 697 variants clustered in 423 loci were enriched for genes, pathways and tissue types known to be involved in growth and together implicated genes and pathways not highlighted in earlier efforts, such as signaling by fibroblast growth factors, WNT/β-catenin and chondroitin sulfate-related genes. We identified several genes and pathways not previously connected with human skeletal growth, including mTOR, osteoglycin and binding of hyaluronic acid. Our results indicate a genetic architecture for human height that is characterized by a very large but...

Reaction time is considered as an important measure that affects performance of an individual both in business and private life. Especially, reaction time, which can be defined as a period of time being required for giving appropriate responses to the perceived stimuli, is an important factor in terms of efficiency of organization and also health and safety at work. Moreover, reaction time is regarded as an important factor in product design. In this study, an experiment is designed to reveal the factors that affect simple reaction time and the effects of (discrete / continuous) variables such as age, height, weight, gender, sight defects, smoking and alcohol use, regular habits of sports and academic achievement on reaction time of individuals are investigated, and the findings are interpreted. Ozet Insanlarda reaksiyon zamani hem ozel yasamda hem de is yasaminda performansi etkileyen onemli bir faktor olarak kabul edilmektedir. Ozellikle calisanlarin algiladiklari etkilere uygun t...

Using genome-wide data from 253,288 individuals, we identified 697 variants at genome-wide significance that together explained one-fifth of the heritability for adult height. By testing different numbers of variants in independent studies, we show that the most strongly associated ∼2,000, ∼3,700 and ∼9,500 SNPs explained ∼21%, ∼24% and ∼29% of phenotypic variance. Furthermore, all common variants together captured 60% of heritability. The 697 variants clustered in 423 loci were enriched for genes, pathways and tissue types known to be involved in growth and together implicated genes and pathways not highlighted in earlier efforts, such as signaling by fibroblast growth factors, WNT/β-catenin and chondroitin sulfate-related genes. We identified several genes and pathways not previously connected with human skeletal growth, including mTOR, osteoglycin and binding of hyaluronic acid. Our results indicate a genetic architecture for human height that is characterized by a very large but...

Using genome-wide data from 253,288 individuals, we identified 697 variants at genome-wide significance that together explained one-fifth of the heritability for adult height. By testing different numbers of variants in independent studies, we show that the most strongly associated ∼2,000, ∼3,700 and ∼9,500 SNPs explained ∼21%, ∼24% and ∼29% of phenotypic variance. Furthermore, all common variants together captured 60% of heritability. The 697 variants clustered in 423 loci were enriched for genes, pathways and tissue types known to be involved in growth and together implicated genes and pathways not highlighted in earlier efforts, such as signaling by fibroblast growth factors, WNT/β-catenin and chondroitin sulfate-related genes. We identified several genes and pathways not previously connected with human skeletal growth, including mTOR, osteoglycin and binding of hyaluronic acid. Our results indicate a genetic architecture for human height that is characterized by a very large but...

Using genome-wide data from 253,288 individuals, we identified 697 variants at genome-wide significance that together explained one-fifth of the heritability for adult height. By testing different numbers of variants in independent studies, we show that the most strongly associated ∼2,000, ∼3,700 and ∼9,500 SNPs explained ∼21%, ∼24% and ∼29% of phenotypic variance. Furthermore, all common variants together captured 60% of heritability. The 697 variants clustered in 423 loci were enriched for genes, pathways and tissue types known to be involved in growth and together implicated genes and pathways not highlighted in earlier efforts, such as signaling by fibroblast growth factors, WNT/β-catenin and chondroitin sulfate-related genes. We identified several genes and pathways not previously connected with human skeletal growth, including mTOR, osteoglycin and binding of hyaluronic acid. Our results indicate a genetic architecture for human height that is characterized by a very large but...

Body Mass Index (BMI), defined as the ratio of individual mass (in kilograms) to the square of the associated height (in meters), is one of the most widely discussed and utilized risk factors in medicine and public health, given the increasing obesity worldwide and its relation to metabolic disease. Statistically, BMI is a composite random variable, since human weight (converted to mass) and height are themselves random variables. Much effort over the years has gone into attempts to model or approximate the BMI distribution function. This paper derives the mathematically exact BMI probability density function (PDF), as well as the exact bivariate PDF for human weight and height. Taken together, weight and height are shown to be correlated bivariate lognormal variables whose marginal distributions are each lognormal in form. The mean and variance of each marginal distribution, together with the linear correlation coefficient of the two distributions, provide 5 nonadjustable parameters for a given population that uniquely determine the corresponding BMI distribution, which is also shown to be lognormal in form. The theoretical analysis is tested experimentally by gender against a large anthropometric data base, and found to predict with near perfection the profile of the empirical BMI distribution and, to great accuracy, individual statistics including mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis, and correlation. Beyond solving a longstanding statistical problem, the significance of these findings is that, with knowledge of the exact BMI distribution functions for diverse populations, medical and public health professionals can then make better informed statistical inferences regarding BMI and public health policies to reduce obesity.

This study explores the impact of the mining boom on the biological standards of living and inequality in Rio Tinto, the main copper basin in Spain. It uses the heights of military recruits in the towns of Zalamea la Real and Nerva between 1852 and 1935 (birth cohorts of 1832-1914). The majority of the mining population of Nerva, which had become independent from Zalamea la Real in 1885, was concentrated close to Minas de Riotinto, following the extraordinary influx of immigrants, mostly attracted by the British company RTCL after establishing its operations there in 1873. The anthropometric results reveal that: 1) the height of males decreased slightly among the cohorts of the decades 1850-1870, whose childhood and adolescence coincided with the beginning of the mining boom; 2) the inequality (measured by CVs, percentiles and ratios of short-stature subjects) increased among the cohorts of the 1870s, made up of immigrants, principally in Nerva. During this period, the gap between t...

Using genome-wide data from 253,288 individuals, we identified 697 variants at genome-wide significance that together explained one-fifth of the heritability for adult height. By testing different numbers of variants in independent studies, we show that the most strongly associated ∼2,000, ∼3,700 and ∼9,500 SNPs explained ∼21%, ∼24% and ∼29% of phenotypic variance. Furthermore, all common variants together captured 60% of heritability. The 697 variants clustered in 423 loci were enriched for genes, pathways and tissue types known to be involved in growth and together implicated genes and pathways not highlighted in earlier efforts, such as signaling by fibroblast growth factors, WNT/β-catenin and chondroitin sulfate-related genes. We identified several genes and pathways not previously connected with human skeletal growth, including mTOR, osteoglycin and binding of hyaluronic acid. Our results indicate a genetic architecture for human height that is characterized by a very large but...

Using genome-wide data from 253,288 individuals, we identified 697 variants at genome-wide significance that together explained one-fifth of the heritability for adult height. By testing different numbers of variants in independent studies, we show that the most strongly associated ∼2,000, ∼3,700 and ∼9,500 SNPs explained ∼21%, ∼24% and ∼29% of phenotypic variance. Furthermore, all common variants together captured 60% of heritability. The 697 variants clustered in 423 loci were enriched for genes, pathways and tissue types known to be involved in growth and together implicated genes and pathways not highlighted in earlier efforts, such as signaling by fibroblast growth factors, WNT/β-catenin and chondroitin sulfate-related genes. We identified several genes and pathways not previously connected with human skeletal growth, including mTOR, osteoglycin and binding of hyaluronic acid. Our results indicate a genetic architecture for human height that is characterized by a very large but...