Health Insurance Policy

Low-income households in rural areas of Ethiopia are facing catastrophic out-of-pocket health care expenditure due to lack of proper financing mechanism complemented with unexpected health related shock. However, to smooth their health care consumer spending, they need to have a cost-effective health insurance. This study analyzes' Households Willingness to Pay (WTP) for health insurance and the potential market for this cost effective health insurance products. The data used in this study was collected from rural households in East Shewa zone, Adama Woreda, which constitutes about 500 household heads respondents. The Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) with double bounded dichotomous choice (DBDC) elicitation method was used to estimate respondents WTP for proposed health insurance technology. The result of the study shows that households' average WTP (considering their ability to pay) is higher than their cost of public health care and self-treatment per year at a national level on average. Variables such as farm income, frequent visit to the health center, age, education, and insurance cost (premium) are significant determinants of households' willingness to pay. For the hypothetical health insurance scenario, households do have enough willingness to pay to cover cost for public health care consumption expenditure if the payment mode is planned, conducive and once per year. The study implies valuable information for policy makers and concerned stakeholders such as the Ministry of health and different private insurance provider in health care financing.

Jurnal ini menjelaskan tentang bagaimana pengembangan dan pengaplikasi kebijakan asuransi di AS, dimana AS dikenal sebagai negara dengan layanan kesehatan yang termahal.
Kadaan layanan kesehatan yang mahal ini ternyata berdampak hingga bangkrutnya perusahan-perusahan di AS hingga tingkat kematian di AS yang tinggi

This paper reviews and analyzes the implication of the public-private mix of financing and delivery of health care in Canada for lower-income Canadians. Based on the type of government stewardship and the degree of state intervention, the Canadian health system can be separated into three distinct layers: universal hospital and physician services financed and regulated by federal and provincial governments ("Medicare"); mixed services, including prescription drugs and longterm care, subject to some provincial stewardship and subsidy; and privately funded and delivered services such as dental care. Within Medicare financial barriers to access have been removed; however, there is a growing trend toward private sector involvement in the delivery of services, and inequalities by income in the use of physician services are high in Canada relative to other high income countries. Moreover, the exclusion of prescription drugs and long-term care from universal health coverage in Canada, as well as the nearly exclusively private dental market, has created significant access issues for lower-income Canadians.

De Nederlandse basisverzekering voor
zorgkosten kent een verplicht eigen risico
van 385 euro per volwassene per jaar.
Voor verzekerden betekent dit dat zij hun
zorgkosten tot 385 euro uit eigen portemonnee
betalen voordat de verzekeraar
overgaat tot vergoedinga. Met dit eigen risico
hoopt de overheid burgers financieel
te prikkelen om zorgkosten te beperken.

A nation relies on its educators to provide skills for upcoming learners and workers. To do this, they need to have good health security in their qualified position and the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) should effectively support this. Researchers have carried out studies on NHIS in Nigeria but none have considered private school employees who are thought leaders and a significant category of the beneficiary population in the health insurance system. This research in Felele, Oluyole, and Bodija included six hundred questionnaires in sixty private schools in three selected localities alongside focused group discussions (FGDs) in six schools to elicit private school workers' perception of the Nigerian NHIS scheme. Theoretically anchored in Health Belief Model (HBM) and Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), this study assessed the awareness, perception and enrolment levels of private school workers towards NHIS to bridge the information gap and improve their contributions and health of targeted workers. Results revealed a high level of awareness (81.7%) but a very low enrolment level (7.8%) of private school workers in the NHIS. As well, it was found that the lack of NHIS law enforcement, poverty, inequality, unfavourable registration process and lack of interest hinder enrolment. Based on this data; the authors claim it is important to raise awareness, perception and enrolment levels of private school employees. The conclusion reached is that, relevant authorities in Nigeria need to develop a workable system of combating healthcare issues in the country by considering targeted subsidies, involving potential beneficiaries in reviewing the NHIS's policies and re-strategizing information flow or dissemination on the programme as well as removing obstacles that are preventing potential enrolees from registering.

White individuals working within South Africa’s private health insurance (medical aid) market and allied fields face a conundrum with respect to eldercare. Some policies accommodate older adults’ needs, but being older is costly and long-term residential care is excluded. Critically, these workers’ position as middle- and upper-class enables them to pity older, poorer whites and blacks who more often use a dysfunctional public health sector, yet the eldercare gap and other limitations reveal that these workers’ own class position is also tenuous. Overall, this article shows how age as a category of dependency upends popular consciousness within postcolonial health systems.

В Беларуси добровольное медицинское страхование (ДМС) практически не развито и его вклад в общее финансирование здравоохранения, по оценкам  ВОЗ, составляет менее  1%  (≈ 0,3%).  Вместе  с  тем Министерство здравоохранения Беларуси неоднократно заявляло о заинтересованности в развитии  добровольного медицинского страхования в дополнение  к  государственной системе медицинского обслуживания. В связи с этим в данной работе был проведен обзор литературы, дан анализ  нормативно-правовой среды и на основании ряда опросов  и
углубленных интервью выделены факторы, влияющие на развитие  добровольного медицинского страхования в Беларуси, как со стороны спроса (население и предприятия), так и со стороны предложения (страховые организации и организации здравоохранения). Проведенный в работе анализ позволил сформулировать ряд предложений, направленных на дальнейшее развитие добровольного медицинского страхования и расширение участия в нём  населения.

Social protection policies typically involve multiple sectors, ranging from food security to health care. Despite this, limited research is directed toward understanding how different social protection programs complement each other. In this study, we explore complementarities between three major national social protection programs in rural Ethiopia: the Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP), the Health Fee Waiver (HFW) system, and the Community Based Health Insurance (CBHI) in the Ethiopian highlands (Amhara, Oromia, SNNP, and Tigray regions).

ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ» Финансирование национальных систем здравоохранения в XXI веке претерпевает значительное изменение в большинстве развитых стран. Расходы на здравоохранение, как в абсолютном выражении, так и в процентах от ВВП неуклонно растут, и за прошедшее десятилетие их доля в ВВП большинства европейских стран выросла в среднем на 12% (табл. 1). При этом программы медицинского страхования охватывают в обязательном порядке от 75 до 100% населения, т. е. практически всех наемных работников (государственных и частных), членов их семей, пенсионеров, студентов и т. д. Финансовое обеспечение этих программ диверсифицировано и осуществляется как из госбюджета, так и из страховых и целевых поступлений частных участников. Размер страхового взноса везде примерно одинаков (10-15%), а объем и качество медицинских услуг практически не зависит от суммы взноса, определяемой уровнем дохода.

Background: The United States spends 18% of gross domestic product, the largest proportion globally, on healthcare. American healthcare administration costs two to five times more than other high-income nations, which is transferred to the public as health insurance premium price difference. Improved healthcare access is an underlying tenet of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), however inflated health insurance premiums could reduce healthcare access.

Social protection policies typically involve multiple sectors, ranging from food security to health care. Despite this, limited research is directed toward understanding how different social protection programs complement each other. In this study, we explore complementarities between three major national social protection programs in rural Ethiopia: the Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP), the Health Fee Waiver (HFW) system, and the Community Based Health Insurance (CBHI) in the Ethiopian highlands (Amhara, Oromia, SNNP, and Tigray regions).

What is the relationship between state-level politics and the resources devoted to children's health insurance programs (CHIP)? Questions about the forces that shape policy are central to political sociology and of broad concern. In this study, we aim to shed light on factors that influence CHIP policy across U.S. states. Specifically, we investigate the extent to which prevailing social policy theoriesindependent of other factors-explain state per capita CHIP expenditures. In doing so, we speak to welfare state research and the associated burgeoning literature on the politics of inequality.

Medicare carriers and providers in Oregon actively discriminate against deaf and hearing impaired by refusing questions about intake forms, refusing relay calls and retaliating by withholding medical services. Carrier refuses to provide requested interpreter. Carrier has no clear ADA compliance policies nor ADA compliance officers. It is easier to enforce ADA when one is on welfare in Oregon than it is to enforce for normal paying Medicare patients.

Free-look provisions in life and health insurance allow the insured to return the policy without giving reasons. This is easier said than done.
Click or copy this link for the article: https://obiterdictadotin.files.wordpress.com/2019/06/a-close-look-at-the-free-look-option-in-insurance-policies.pdf

“Free-look period” provisions in insurance policies give to an insured the very important right to withdraw from his insurance contract that he has already concluded, and give him time time for thought so that he can take a conscious decision about ending the insurance contract. Free-look period provisions are mandatory in life and health insurance policies. This article analyses free-look provisions in different statutory instruments that mandate the provision, and in sample policy wordings, brochures and free-look cancellation forms. This article examines the true purpose of this provision and its use, and proceeds to posit that this provision gives to the insured an additional right to withdraw from the contract, and that it does not and cannot have the effect of terminating or extinguishing the rights of an insured under law. It suggests a model standard free-look provision.