Food and Nutrtion

The high increasing of diabetes mellitus associated with lifestyle changes, the most prominent factors are changes in dietary patterns of all instant, high-fat, contain lots of sugar, and plus the lacking of physical activity. The aim of this study was to determine relationship of dietary pattern and physical activity with blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatient in Poly Endocrine RSUP Dr. WahidinSudirohusodo Makassar. The type of this study was a descriptive-analytic with cross-sectional study design. The sampling was done by using purposive sampling technique, there were 108 outpatients was selected as samples but onl y 81 people who meet the criteria. Data collection was done by direct interviews, the results of lain boratory, and the results clinical. The data analysis was performed by using chi-square test (p = 0,05). The result indicated that dietary (risk of dietary habit) and (food quality) had a significant association with blood glucose levels of people that suffer from type 2 DM (p = 0,046) and (p = 0,001) means that p<α (0,05). As for the physical activity variable was found that there was a significant association too, with blood glucose levels in people with type 2 DM (p = 0,003) means that p<α (0,05). From this research, it was recommended to the patients to regard of meal intake that trigger to increase the blood glucose levels, encouraged to do regular exercise activities at least 3 times per week, and reduce sedentary life.

El tema es el proyecto "Capacitación y actualización de profesionales en el campo de población y
salud". A propósito de las prácticas de transferencia de conocimiento desde una institución de
educación superior universitaria a profesionales que laboran en temas de población y salud. Esta
modalidad de educación continua innova tanto el proceso educativo como la gerencia y la
administración para contribuir a las actividades que realizan los profesionales que atienden
poblaciones vulnerables en distintos países.

Malnutrition is one of the public health problems in Ethiopia. Households relying on fishing for their livelihoods are assumed to consume more fish than none fish producing households. Thus, fish producing households are expected to have better nutritional status compared to none fish producing households. However, this assumption is not well studied and there is limited evidence about the consumption and the nutritional outcomes of fishing in and around Hawassa city. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine and compare fish consumption, dietary diversity and nutritional status of reproductive aged women from fishing and non-fishing households in Hawassa. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 804 reproductive age women both from fishing and non-fishing households. Women from fishing households were selected by purposive sampling technique and from non-fishing households' simple random sampling were used. Data were collected by personal interview using structured and pre-tested questionnaire. Levels of fish consumption were determined from reported frequency by the participants. Household food security status was assessed using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). Minimum dietary diversity and Body Mass Index (BMI) were determined to assess nutritional status. Data were entered, cleaned and analyzed by using SPSS version 22. Statistical significance was declared at p=0.05. The result shows that women in fishing households were consuming fish more frequently than from none fishing households (p<0.001). In addition, women in the fishing households had better household food security status compared with non fishing households (p <0.001). There was no statistical significant difference in terms of Body Mass Index (p=0.571) among reproductive age women of fishing and non-fishing households. However, the reproductive age women in the fishing households had greater minimum dietary diversity score than non fishing households (p <0.001). The finding indicated that reproductive age women from fishing households had better fish consumption; household food security and minimum dietary diversity. This shows that fishing contributed to food and nutrition security. Thus, it is important to promote fish production and consumption in the study area.

In the world we find a lot of local communities with specific sets of wild food sources that they know and use. Among these we find wild fruits, with a rich local knowledge base on use and eating habit. These are fruits that have not been domesticated and whose use, nutritional and economic value has been overlooked to a large extent. As they are not getting adequate attention, they are also not yielding the maximum potential that they have. By reviewing existing studies, this potential will be shown. Looking at some wild fruits in Africa, and the micronutrient deficiencies in the diets, there are a lot of gaps that these fruits could fill. For example, Ziziphus spina-christi is an excellent source of vitamin C, iron, potassium and zinc, and a good partial source of calcium, magnesium, and copper. Ficus sycomorus is an excellent source of iron, and a good partial source of calcium and magnesium. Adansonia digitata is a very good source of vitamin C, and a good partial source of iron, magnesium and calcium. Cordia africna, Carrisa edulis and Physalis minima are good sources of beta-carotene as vitamin A. Several more such fruits show similar properties. As these fruits are locally available, cheap, well known, and used simply educating people to use them in a targeted manner can help meet special micronutrient needs we have for iron, vitamin A, iodine, zinc and folate sources.

Introduction: The gall bladder diseases is the one of the most common diseases of the digestive system especially gallstone (cholesterol and pigment this is the most common type), as 80% of people suffer bitter gallstones of cholesterol types and from this point we conducted a preliminary study of its first in Benghazi to lay the foundations of the first and to launch several studies more accurate and comprehensive. Aims: The aim of this study is to know the prevalence of gallbladder disease in Benghazi, and to study the correlation between nutritional risk factors as diet, food habit and BMI of patients with type of gallbladder stone formation. Methods: First of all, we searched the general knowledge about food habits, lifestyle. We evaluated 104 patients who applied to the Surgery Department of AL-gala, Benghazi Medical Center, Al-almani and Elsafwa hospitals with the diagnosis of cholecystectomy.Across sectional study carried out from January to April 2018 on patients with gallbladder disease in Benghazi, the second largest city in Libya.The questionnaire has been used based on 40 items divided into four basic sections; all questionnaires were carried out by direct interview with the subjects. Results and discussion: Majority of the respondents were 40 and older in age. Most of the respondents were females, 95.2% of respondents were Libyan and 19.2% of them smoker. Most respondents were overweight or obese (76%), only 12.5% of respondents practice some form of moderate exercise. With regard to dietary habits, the respondents had less than 3 meals per day. The risk factors of gallstone disease include female gender; as shown in our study in pigment gallstone was 80% in females and 20% in males, while cholesterol gallstone was 69.7% in females and 30.3% in males. There was no significant difference among types of gallstone and BMI classification. There was significant difference among type of gallstone and rapid weight loss in short time (P ≤ 0.05). In our study there was a significantly higher serum cholesterol for patients with cholesterol stone than the patients with pigment gallstone (219.8 vs. 147.5, respectively, P= 0.027(. Conclusion: This study proved that there was a significant relationship between gallstone disease, type of cholesterol and age above 40 years and high range of cholesterol TG , but pigment type of gall stones had significant relationship to fast food. Age, gender, number of meals also reported significant relations.