Falak Syarie

Abstrak: Cadangan Penubuhan Kelab Falak dan Astronomi adalah satu inisiatif bijak pihak Jabatan Mufti Negeri Melaka melalui Bahagian Falak Syari'e untuk mewujudkan kelab-kelab falak di sekolah-sekolah terpilih di negeri Melaka. Pelbagai aktiviti telah dianjurkan oleh pihak Jabatan Mufti Negeri Melaka dalam usaha menyebarkan kefahaman ilmu falak kepada pelajar di sekolah-sekolah berkaitan. Walaubagaimanapun, tahap keberkesanan penubuhan Kelab Falak dan Astronomi masih belum dapat dipastikan. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini dijalankan untuk menilai tahap keberkesanan penubuhan kelab ini dari pelbagai aspek seperti persepsi pelajar terhadap ilmu falak, kesan penubuhan kelab dan impak pelaksanaan aktiviti kelab falak terhadap pelajar. Enam buah sekolah telah terlibat dalam kajian ini yang meliputi tiga daearah utama Daerah Melaka Tengah, Daerah Jasin, dan Daerah Alor Gajah. Seramai 42 orang responden telah terlibat dalam kajian ini. Instrumen borang soal selidik secara atas talian telah diguna untuk memperoleh data kuantitatif. Analisis data adalah menggunakan SPSS 16 dan menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif yang melibatkan analisis kekerapan, peratusan dan min.Dapatan kajian menunjukkan penubuhan Kelab Falak dan Astronomi berjaya mencapai matlamat utama penubuhannya dalam menimbulkan kesedaran dan kefahaman ilmu falak dan astronomi kepada pelajar. Selain itu, beberapa cadangan untuk penambahbaikan berkaitan penstrukturan kelab dan cadangan kajian masa hadapan juga dibincangkan. Kata kunci:Kelab Falak dan Astronomi, Jabatan Mufti Negeri Melaka PENGENALAN Mengimbas kembali sejarah umat Islam, kita dapati bahawa perkembangan pesat ilmu falak telah melalui kegemilangan sejak berabad lamanya (Alimuddin, 2013). Proses penerapan ilmu yang berterusan mampu membentuk individu yang seimbang sekaligus ia akan memenuhi tuntutan dan kerangka Maqasid Syariah dalam pendidikan (Zubair, Nur Mardia, Mohd Fuad & Nan Nurhidayu, 2019). Namun begitu, perkembangannya semakin merosot dan dipandang sepi oleh dunia Islam hinggalah ilmu itu dibawa ke Barat dan ia berkembang hingga ke hari ini (Kassim, 2006). Di atas kesedaran pentingnya ilmu falak dihidupkan, disegarkan kembali, dihayati dan dikuasai semula oleh generasi Muslim pada hari ini maka Jabatan Mufti Negeri Melaka melalui Bahagian Falak Syarie dengan kerjasama Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri Melaka mengesyorkan penubuhan Kelab Falak dan Astronomi di sekolah-sekolah terpilih sebagai usaha untuk mengorak langkah bagi memartabatkan kembali ilmu ini yang hampir terpinggir dalam kalangan masyarakat. Penubuhan Kelab Falak dan Astronomi bertujuan memberi kesedaran dan pendedahan tentang kepentingan ilmu falak dan astronomi yang berpaksikan kepada Al-Quran dan As-Sunnah. Sebanyak sebelas (11) kelab falak telah ditubuhkan di sekolah-sekolah terpilih. Penubuhan kelab ini juga merupakan

Al-Khawarizmi Complex which began full operation in 2006 is among the most modern one-stop centre for astronomical activities in Malaysia. The construction is intended to encourage the development of astronomy through research, education and astro-tourism in the Malaysian community. The issue is whether the construction of this complex complied with the criteria for a friendly research and education observatory in several key aspects, including compliance with Islamic requirements in the construction of an observatory. This paper will discuss in detail the features of Al-Khawarizmi Complex and a few key criteria which meet the requirements of an Islamic observatory in several studies which have been conducted. In an overview, new criteria are expected to serve as a guide in the development of an observatory, which is the gift of various fields of science and its construction is parallel with the survival of Islam and the science of astronomy itself. The findings of this study will guide the construction of the other Islamic observatories in Malaysia.

Ministry of Religious Affairs, Republic of Indonesia is the designated agency of the Republic of Indonesia which administer religious affairs of the people in Indonesia. Every year, Muslims in Indonesia will celebrate the commencement of the holy month of Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr. However, there are some Islamic social organizations in Indonesia which did not conform with the commencement of Ramadan and Eid celebrations as occured in 2010, 2011 and 2015. The question is, what is the role of Ministry of Religious Affairs to ensure conformity in celebrating month of worships in Indonesia? Based on authority given to it, what efforts have been done to achieve uniformity among Muslims in celebrating months of worship in Indonesia? This paper was written to unravel on issues related to this matter. There are two main objectives. First, to identify practice procedure by Ministry of Religious Affairs in coordinating the commencement of Ramadan and Eid celebrations. Second, to analyze the role and exert efforts in trying to gain uniformity in determining the beginning of Ramadan and Eid celebrations. In order to achieve both objectives, a library and field studies were carried out on the Ministry of Religious Affairs, Republic of Indonesia. Results showed that the Ministry of Religious Affairs play the role of a mediator in order to achieve consensus for Muslims in celebrating the start of Ramadan and Eid celebrations. Various attempts have been made to achieve this consensus. Among them are forming a special committee discussing ways to unite Muslims in celebrating the start of Ramadan and Eid celebration in Indonesia. This shows that the Ministry of Religious Affairs, Republic of Indonesia play an important role in achieving consensus in celeberating the start of Ramadan and Eid celebrations throughout the country.

Rukyat hilal of the month of Qamariah, especially the beginning of Ramadan, and Shawwal is a study of falak which often attract attention because of the frequent differences. This is motivated by the uncertainty of rukyat results due to the lack of observable rukyat results. This is one of them caused by the location of the rukyat which is not safe enough from various natural disturbances, such as high rainfall. Lhoknga Observatory Astronomically, this observatory is located at 50 27’ 59, 85” N and 950 14’ 31,87” E, with an altitude of 8 m, and is 15 m from the sea. But from 5 years of observation of the new moon, only one time succeeded in destroying the hilal. The research method uses descriptive analytical methods, collecting data by means of documentation and direct observation. The results of this study found that one of the causes of the low success rate of rukyatul hilal in the observatory was due to its relatively high rainfall which reached an average of 354 mm in years. This rainfall is strongly influenced by the latitude and geographical state of the observatory flanked by the sea and mountains.